[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r1172 - trunk
Karl Berry
INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Mon May 13 00:50:38 CEST 2024
Author: karl
Date: 2024-05-12 22:50:37 +0000 (Sun, 12 May 2024)
New Revision: 1172
Modified:
trunk/CTAN
trunk/latex2e.dbk
trunk/latex2e.dvi
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.txt
trunk/latex2e.xml
Log:
remake for may24
Modified: trunk/CTAN
===================================================================
--- trunk/CTAN 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/CTAN 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
- Update latex2e.texi with current UPDATED date and copyright years.
+- Run make en. Commit results.
+
- Check that the README is current.
- Get the English and Spanish distribution archives by running
Modified: trunk/latex2e.dbk
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.dbk 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/latex2e.dbk 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@
<!ENTITY tex "TeX">
<!ENTITY latex "LaTeX">
]>
-<book id="latex2e.dbk" lang="en">
+<book id="latex2e.dbk" lang="">
<title>&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</title>
-<subtitle>September 2023</subtitle>
-<titleabbrev>&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (September 2023)</titleabbrev>
+<subtitle>May 2024</subtitle>
+<titleabbrev>&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)</titleabbrev>
<bookinfo><title>&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</title>
-<subtitle>September 2023</subtitle>
-<titleabbrev>&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (September 2023)</titleabbrev>
+<subtitle>May 2024</subtitle>
+<titleabbrev>&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)</titleabbrev>
<authorgroup>
<collab><collabname><ulink url="https://latexref.xyz">https://latexref.xyz</ulink></collabname></collab>
</authorgroup>
<legalnotice><para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version of September 2023.
+document preparation system, version of May 2024.
</para>
<para>This manual was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the
VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -129,11 +129,12 @@
UTF-8 (as of 2018). The commands specify, for example, how the text
should be formatted.
</para>
-<para>&latex; is implemented as a set of related so-called “macros” which
-use Donald E. Knuth’s &tex; typesetting program or one of its
-derivatives, collectively known as “engines”. Thus, the user
-produces output, typically PDF, by giving the input file to a &tex;
-engine. (The following sections describe all this in more detail.)
+<para>&latex; is implemented as a set of so-called “macros” (a &tex;
+<firstterm>format</firstterm>) which use Donald E. Knuth’s &tex; typesetting
+program or one of its derivatives, collectively known as
+“engines”. Thus, the user produces output, typically PDF, by giving
+the input file to a &tex; engine. The following sections describe
+all this in more detail.
</para>
<para>The term &latex; is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
the input document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>hello, world</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; files have a simple global structure, with a standard beginning
-and ending. This is a small example.
+and ending. Here is a small example:
</para>
<screen>\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
@@ -168,10 +169,11 @@
<literal>\end{document}</literal> line.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>document class, defined</primary></indexterm>
-<para>Here, the ‘<literal>article</literal>’ is the <firstterm>document class</firstterm>. It is implemented
-in a file <filename>article.cls</filename>. You can use any document class on your
-system. A few document classes are defined by &latex; itself, and vast
-array of others are widely available. See <link linkend="Document-classes">Document classes</link>.
+<para>Here, the ‘<literal>article</literal>’ is the <firstterm>document class</firstterm>. It is
+implemented in a file <filename>article.cls</filename>. You can use any document
+class available on your system. A few document classes are defined by
+&latex; itself, and a vast array of others are available.
+See <link linkend="Document-classes">Document classes</link>.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>preamble, defined</primary></indexterm>
<para>You can include other &latex; commands between the
@@ -178,11 +180,11 @@
<literal>\documentclass</literal> and the <literal>\begin{document}</literal> commands.
This area is called the <firstterm>preamble</firstterm>.
</para>
-<para>The <literal>\begin{document}</literal>, <literal>\end{document}</literal> pair defines an
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>environment</primary></indexterm>
-<firstterm>environment</firstterm>; the ‘<literal>document</literal>’ environment (and no others) is
-required in all &latex; documents (see <link linkend="document">document</link>). &latex; make
-available to you many environments that are documented here
+<para>The <literal>\begin{document}</literal> … <literal>\end{document}</literal> pair
+defines an <firstterm>environment</firstterm>; the ‘<literal>document</literal>’ environment (and no
+others) is required in all &latex; documents (see <link linkend="document">document</link>).
+&latex; provides many environments that are documented here
(see <link linkend="Environments">Environments</link>). Many more are available to you from external
packages, most importantly those available at CTAN (see <link linkend="CTAN">CTAN</link>).
</para>
@@ -281,8 +283,8 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; format (<literal>.fmt</literal>) files</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>format files, &tex;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>.fmt file</primary></indexterm>
-<para>&latex; is a large set of commands that is executed by a &tex;
-program (see <link linkend="Overview">Overview</link>). Such a set of commands is called a
+<para>&latex; is a large set of commands (macros) that is executed by a
+&tex; program (see <link linkend="Overview">Overview</link>). Such a set of commands is called a
<firstterm>format</firstterm>, and is embodied in a binary <literal>.fmt</literal> file, which can
be read much more quickly than the corresponding &tex; source.
</para>
@@ -309,7 +311,8 @@
</para>
<para>In other &tex; distributions, <command>latex</command> may invoke e-&tex;
rather than pdf&tex;. In any case, the e-&tex; extensions can be
-assumed to be available in &latex;.
+assumed to be available in &latex;, and a few extensions beyond
+e-&tex;, particularly for file manipulation.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>lualatex</primary></indexterm><literal>lualatex</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lua&tex;</primary></indexterm>
@@ -337,6 +340,15 @@
program, but this process is automatic. The <literal>.xdv</literal> file is only
useful for debugging.
</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>hilatex</primary></indexterm><literal>hilatex</literal>
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Hi&tex;</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>HINT format</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>mobile output</primary></indexterm>
+<para>If &latex; is invoked via the system command <command>hilatex</command>, the
+Hi&tex; engine is run (<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex">https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex</ulink>). This
+program produces its own format, named HINT, designed especially for
+high-quality typesetting on mobile devices.
+</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>platex</primary></indexterm><literal>platex</literal>
</term><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>uplatex</primary></indexterm><literal>uplatex</literal>
</term><listitem><para>These commands provide significant additional support for Japanese and
@@ -344,7 +356,7 @@
<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</ulink> and <ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</ulink>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
<para>As of 2019, there is a companion <literal>-dev</literal> command and format for
-all of the above:
+all of the above, except <literal>hitex</literal>:
</para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>dvilualatex-dev</primary></indexterm><literal>dvilualatex-dev</literal>
</term><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>latex-dev</primary></indexterm><literal>latex-dev</literal>
@@ -375,8 +387,215 @@
<ulink url="https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125mitt-dev.pdf">https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125mitt-dev.pdf</ulink>.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="2.4" id="LaTeX-command-syntax">
+<sect1 label="2.4" id="Input-text">
+<title>Input text</title>
+
+<para>To a first approximation, most input characters in &latex; print as
+themselves. But there are exceptions, as discussed in the following
+sections.
+</para>
+
+
+<sect2 label="2.4.1" id="Input-encodings">
+<title>Input encodings</title>
+
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>character encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>input encodings</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>encodings, input</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>The input to &tex; (or any computer program) ultimately consists of a
+sequence of bytes. (Nowadays, a byte is almost universally an
+eight-bit number, i.e., an integer between 0 and 255, inclusive.) The
+input encoding defines how to interpret that sequence of bytes, and
+thus how &latex; behaves.
+</para>
+<!-- UTF-8 -->
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Unicode</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Today, by far the most common way to encode text is with <firstterm>UTF-8</firstterm>, a
+so-called “Unicode Transformation Format” which specifies how to
+transform a sequence of 8-bit bytes to Unicode code points, which are
+defined independent of any particular representation. The Unicode
+encoding defines code points for virtually all characters used
+today in written text.
+</para>
+<para>When &tex; was created, Unicode and UTF-8 did not exist and the 7-bit
+ASCII encoding was by far the most widely used. So &tex; does not
+require Unicode for text input. UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, so a
+pure 7-bit ASCII document is also UTF-8.
+</para>
+<para>Since 2018, the default input encoding for &latex; is UTF-8.
+Some methods for handling documents written in some other encoding,
+such as ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1), are explained in <link linkend="inputenc-package">inputenc package</link>.
+</para>
+<para>You can easily find more about all these topics in any introductory
+computer text or online. For example, you might start at:
+<ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode</ulink>.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 label="2.4.2" id="Ligatures">
+<title>Ligatures</title>
+
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>ligatures</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>A <firstterm>ligature</firstterm> combines two or more letters (more generally,
+characters) into a single glyph. For example, in Latin-based
+typography, the two letters ‘<literal>f</literal>’ and ‘<literal>i</literal>’ are often combined
+into the glyph ‘fi’.
+</para>
+<para>&tex; supports ligatures automatically. To continue the example, if
+the input has the word ‘<literal>fine</literal>’, written as four separate ASCII
+characters, &tex; will output the word ‘fine’ (with the default
+fonts), with three typeset glyphs.
+</para>
+<para>In traditional &tex;, the available ligatures, if any, are defined by
+the current font. &tex; also uses the ligature mechanism to produce
+a few typographical characters which were not available in any
+computer encoding when &tex; was invented. In all, in the original
+Computer Modern fonts, the following input character sequences are
+defined to lead to ligatures:
+</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>f-ligatures</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>double quotation marks, as ligatures</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>quotation marks, as ligatures</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>en-dash, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>em-dash, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>inverted exclamation mark, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>inverted question mark, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Spanish exclamation mark, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Spanish question mark, as ligature</primary></indexterm>
+
+<variablelist><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>ff</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>ff (ff ligature, U+FB00)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>fi</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>fi (fi ligature, U+FB01)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>fl</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>fl (fl ligature, U+FB02)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>ffi</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>ffi (ffi ligature, U+FB03)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>ffl</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>ffl (ffl ligature, U+FB04)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>``</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>“ (left double quotation mark, U+201C)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>''</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>” (right double quotation mark, U+201D)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>--</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>– (en-dash, U+2013)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>---</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>— (em-dash, U+2014)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>!`</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>!‘ (inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>?`</literal>’
+</term><listitem><para>?‘ (inverted question mark, U+00BF)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+<para>(For the f-ligatures above, the text in parentheses shows the
+individual characters, so in the typeset output you can easily see the
+difference between the ligature and the original character sequence.)
+</para>
+<para>Nowadays it’s usually possible to directly input the punctuation
+characters as Unicode characters, and &latex; supports that (see
+previous section). But even today, it can still often be useful to
+use the ASCII ligature input form; for example, the difference between
+an en-dash and em-dash, as a single glyph, can be all but impossible
+to discern, but the difference between two and three ASCII hyphen
+characters is clear. Similarly with quotation marks, in some fonts.
+</para>
+<para>Thus, even the engines with native support for UTF-8, namely Lua&tex;
+and Xe&tex;, also support the ASCII ligature input sequences by
+default, independent of the font used. They also need to do so for
+compatibility.
+</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>alphabetic presentation forms Unicode block</primary></indexterm>
+<para>By the way, the f-ligatures are also available in Unicode (the
+“Alphabetic Presentation Forms” block starting at U+FB00), but it’s
+almost never desirable to use them as input characters, since in
+principle it should be up to the typesetter and the current font
+whether to use ligatures. Also, in practice, using them will
+typically cause searches to fail, that is, a search for the two
+characters ‘<literal>fi</literal>’ will not be matched by the ligature ‘fi’ at
+U+FB01.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+<sect2 label="2.4.3" id="Special-characters">
+<title>Special characters: <literal>\ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~</literal></title>
+
+<anchor id="Reserved-characters"/><!-- old node name -->
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>reserved characters, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>special characters, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>meaning of special characters</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>Besides ligatures (see previous section), a few individual characters
+have special meaning to &latex;. They are called <firstterm>reserved
+characters</firstterm> or <firstterm>special characters</firstterm>. Here they are:
+</para>
+<variablelist><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>\</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>backslash, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Introduces a command name, as seen throughout this manual.
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>{</literal>’
+</term><term>‘<literal>}</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>{ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>} character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>left brace, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>right brace, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>braces, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>curly braces, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Delimits a required argument to a command or a level of grouping, as
+seen throughout this manual.
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>%</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>% character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>percent character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Starts a comment: the ‘<literal>%</literal>’ and all remaining characters on the
+current line are ignored.
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>$</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>$ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>dollar sign character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Starts and ends math mode (see <link linkend="Math-formulas">Math formulas</link>).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>&</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>& character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>ampersand character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Separates cells in a table (see <link linkend="tabular">tabular</link>).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>_</literal>’
+</term><term>‘<literal>^</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>_ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>^ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>underscore character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>hat character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>caret character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Introduce a subscript or superscript, respectively, in math
+(see <link linkend="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</link>); they produce an error outside
+math mode. As a little-used special feature, two superscript
+characters in a row can introduce special notation for an arbitrary
+character.
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>#</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary># character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>number sign character (<literal>#</literal>), meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>sharp character (<literal>#</literal>), meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>hash character (<literal>#</literal>), meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Stands for arguments in a macro definition (see <link linkend="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &
+\renewcommand</link>).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>‘<literal>~</literal>’
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>~ character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>tilde character, meaning of</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Produces a nonbreakable interword space (see <link linkend="_007e">~</link>).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+<para>See <link linkend="Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</link>, for how to typeset these
+characters when you need them literally.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+<sect1 label="2.5" id="LaTeX-command-syntax">
<title>&latex; command syntax</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>command syntax</primary></indexterm>
@@ -387,10 +606,10 @@
character, <literal>\</literal>. The name itself then consists of either
(a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter.
</para>
-<para>&latex; commands names are case sensitive so that <literal>\pagebreak</literal>
-differs from <literal>\Pagebreak</literal> (the latter is not a standard command).
-Most command names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all
-commands in the same case as they are defined.
+<para>&latex; commands names are case sensitive; for example,
+<literal>\pagebreak</literal> differs from <literal>\Pagebreak</literal> (the latter is not a
+standard command). Most command names are lowercase, but in any event
+you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.
</para>
<para>A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments. These
arguments may be either required or optional. Required arguments are
@@ -397,7 +616,8 @@
contained in curly braces, <literal>{...}</literal>. Optional arguments are
contained in square brackets, <literal>[...]</literal>. Generally, but not
universally, if the command accepts an optional argument, it comes
-first, before any required arguments.
+first, before any required arguments; optional arguments could come
+after required arguments, or both before and after.
</para>
<para>Inside of an optional argument, to use the character close square
bracket (<literal>]</literal>) hide it inside curly braces, as
@@ -406,10 +626,10 @@
the first character of the following text be an open square bracket,
hide it inside curly braces.
</para>
-<para>&latex; has the convention that some commands have a <literal>*</literal> form that
-is related to the form without a <literal>*</literal>, such as <literal>\chapter</literal> and
-<literal>\chapter*</literal>. The exact difference in behavior varies from command
-to command.
+<para>&latex; has the convention that some commands have a <literal>*</literal> form
+that is closely related to the form without a <literal>*</literal>, such as
+<literal>\chapter</literal> and <literal>\chapter*</literal>. The difference in behavior
+varies from command to command.
</para>
<para>This manual describes all accepted options and <literal>*</literal>-forms for the
commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
@@ -424,11 +644,12 @@
<para>As of the 2020-10-01 release of &latex;, the <literal>expl3</literal> and
<literal>xparse</literal> packages are part of the &latex;2e format. They
provide a completely different underlying programming language
-syntax. We won’t try to cover them in this document; see the related
+syntax. We won’t try to cover that in this document; see the related
package documentation and other &latex; manuals.
</para>
+
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="2.5" id="Environment-syntax">
+<sect1 label="2.6" id="Environment-syntax">
<title>Environment syntax</title>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -461,12 +682,12 @@
required (it specifies the formatting of columns).
</para>
<screen>\begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
- ... rows of table ...
+ ... <replaceable>rows-of-table</replaceable> ...
\end{tabular}
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="2.6" id="_005cDocumentMetadata">
+<sect1 label="2.7" id="_005cDocumentMetadata">
<title><literal>\DocumentMetadata</literal>: Producing tagged PDF output</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\DocumentMetadata</primary></indexterm>
@@ -477,7 +698,9 @@
<para>The <literal>\DocumentMetadata</literal> command was added to &latex; in 2022.
It enables so-called “tagging” of the PDF output, aiding
-accessibility of the PDF.
+accessibility of the PDF. It is supported best with Lua&latex;;
+pdf&latex; and Xe&latex; are supported as well as possible
+(see <link linkend="TeX-engines">&tex; engines</link>).
</para>
<para>It is unlike nearly any other command in &latex; in that it must
occur before the <literal>\documentclass</literal> command that starts a &latex;
@@ -500,12 +723,12 @@
...
</screen>
<para>As you can see from the key name <literal>testphase</literal>, this is all still
-in an experimental phase. But the &latex; developers strongly
-encourage users to give it a try and report problems.
+in an experimental phase. The &latex; developers strongly encourage
+users to give it a try and report problems, so it can be improved.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="2.7" id="CTAN">
+<sect1 label="2.8" id="CTAN">
<title>CTAN: The Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>CTAN</primary></indexterm>
@@ -521,7 +744,7 @@
a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher’s
specifications.
</para>
-<para>In addition to the massive holdings, the <literal>ctan.org</literal> web site
+<para>In addition to its massive holdings, the <literal>ctan.org</literal> web site
offers features such as search by name or by functionality.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>DANTE e.V.</primary></indexterm>
@@ -968,6 +1191,7 @@
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>lmodern</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>lmodern</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>cm-super</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>cm-super</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -982,21 +1206,26 @@
<filename><replaceable>font_encoding</replaceable>enc.def</filename>. It also sets <literal>\encodingdefault</literal>
to be the last encoding in the option list.
</para>
-<para>These are the common values for <replaceable>font_encoding</replaceable>.
+<para>These are the common values for <replaceable>font_encoding</replaceable>:
</para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>OT1</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>The original encoding for &tex;. Limited to mostly English characters.
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>OT1 encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<para>The original 7-bit encoding for &tex;. Limited to mostly English characters.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>OMS, OML</literal>
</term><listitem><para>Math symbols and math letters encoding.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>T1</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>&tex; text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the Users
-Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most European
-accented characters. The most common option for this package.
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>T1 encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Cork encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<para>&tex; text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
+users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to
+most European accented characters. The most common option for this
+package.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>TS1</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Text Companion encoding.
+</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>TS1 (text companion) encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Text Companion encoding.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
<para>&latex;’s default is to load <literal>OML</literal>, <literal>T1</literal>, <literal>OT1</literal>, and
then <literal>OMS</literal>, and set the default to <literal>OT1</literal>.
@@ -1009,13 +1238,13 @@
fonts before loading <filename>fontenc</filename>, to prevent the system from loading
any <literal>T1</literal> encoded fonts from the default.
</para>
-<para>The &latex; team reserve encoding names starting with: ‘<literal>T</literal>’ for the
-standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘<literal>TS</literal>’ for symbols that
-extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘<literal>X</literal>’ for test encodings,
-‘<literal>M</literal>’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters, ‘<literal>A</literal>’ for
-special applications, ‘<literal>OT</literal>’ for standard text encodings with 128
-characters, and ‘<literal>OM</literal>’ for standard math encodings with 128
-characters (‘<literal>O</literal>’ stands for ‘<literal>obsolete</literal>’).
+<para>The &latex; team reserves encoding names starting with: ‘<literal>T</literal>’ for
+the standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘<literal>TS</literal>’ for symbols
+that extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘<literal>X</literal>’ for test
+encodings, ‘<literal>M</literal>’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters,
+‘<literal>A</literal>’ for special applications, ‘<literal>OT</literal>’ for standard text
+encodings with 128 characters, and ‘<literal>OM</literal>’ for standard math
+encodings with 128 characters (‘<literal>O</literal>’ stands for ‘<literal>obsolete</literal>’).
</para>
<para>This package provides a number of commands, detailed below. Many of
them are encoding-specific, so if you have defined a command that works
@@ -3304,15 +3533,15 @@
<para>Used to help redefine the behavior of commands that start sectioning
divisions such as <literal>\section</literal> or <literal>\subsection</literal>.
</para>
-<para>Note that the <literal>titlesec</literal> package makes manipulation of sectioning
+<para>The <literal>titlesec</literal> package makes manipulation of sectioning
easier. Further, while most requirements for sectioning commands can be
satisfied with <literal>\@startsection</literal>, some cannot. For instance, in
the standard &latex; <literal>book</literal> and <literal>report</literal> classes the commands
-<literal>\chapter</literal> and <literal>\report</literal> are not constructed in this way. To
+<literal>\chapter</literal> and <literal>\report</literal> are not constructed using this. To
make such a command you may want to use the <literal>\secdef</literal> command.
<!-- xx define, and make a cross reference to, secdef. -->
</para>
-<para>Technically, <literal>\@startsection</literal> has the form
+<para>The <literal>\@startsection</literal> macro is used like this:
</para>
<screen>\@startsection{<replaceable>name</replaceable>}
{<replaceable>level</replaceable>}
@@ -3331,7 +3560,7 @@
{<replaceable>style</replaceable>}}
</screen>
<para>redefines <literal>\section</literal> while keeping its standard calling form
-<literal>\section*[<replaceable>toctitle</replaceable>]{<replaceable>title</replaceable>}</literal> (in which, for reminder,
+<literal>\section*[<replaceable>toctitle</replaceable>]{<replaceable>title</replaceable>}</literal> (in which, as a reminder,
the star <literal>*</literal> is optional). See <link linkend="Sectioning">Sectioning</link>. This implies
that when you write a command like
<literal>\renewcommand{\section}{...}</literal>, the
@@ -3379,8 +3608,8 @@
is inserted before this sectioning unit’s title. This space will be
discarded if the sectioning unit happens to start at the beginning of a
page. If this number is negative then the first paragraph following the
-header is not indented, if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
-is indented. (Note that the negative of <literal>1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</literal>
+header is not indented; if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
+is indented. (Example: the negative of <literal>1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</literal>
is <literal>-1pt plus -2pt minus -3pt</literal>.)
</para>
<para>For example, if <replaceable>beforeskip</replaceable> is <literal>-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -0.2ex</literal>
@@ -4706,13 +4935,12 @@
</para>
<para>Unlike the <literal>flushright</literal> environment, the <literal>\raggedleft</literal>
command does not start a new paragraph; it only changes how &latex;
-formats paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit’s format, the
+formats paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit’s formatting, the
scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or <literal>\end</literal>
command that ends the paragraph unit.
</para>
-<para>For an example related to this environment, see <link linkend="_005craggedright">\raggedright</link>,
-where one just have mutatis mutandis to replace <literal>\raggedright</literal> by
-<literal>\raggedleft</literal>.
+<para>See <link linkend="_005craggedright">\raggedright</link>, for an example related to this environment;
+just replace <literal>\raggedright</literal> there by <literal>\raggedleft</literal>.
</para>
</sect2>
@@ -4827,8 +5055,9 @@
<screen>\newenvironment{itemize*}%
{\begin{itemize}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
- \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
- \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
+ \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
+ }%
{\end{itemize}}
</screen>
@@ -6318,14 +6547,16 @@
</screen>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>algorithm2e</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>algorithm2e</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>fancyvrb</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>fancyvrb</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>listings</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>listings</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>minted</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>minted</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>fancyvrb</literal></primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>fancyvrb</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-
<para>This example is just for illustration of the environment. To actually
typeset computer code in typewriter like this, a verbatim environment
(see <link linkend="verbatim">verbatim</link>) would normally be best. For pretty-printed code,
@@ -7228,11 +7459,11 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>minted</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>minted</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-<para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. There are
-packages that are an improvement the <literal>verbatim</literal> environment. For
-instance, one improvement is to allow the verbatim inclusion of external
-files, or parts of those files. Such packages include <literal>listings</literal>,
-and <literal>minted</literal>.
+<para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. Some
+packages offer many features not provided by the <literal>verbatim</literal>
+environment; two of the most popular are <literal>listings</literal> and
+<literal>minted</literal>. For example, they are capable of pretty-printing,
+line numbering, and selecting parts of files for a continuing listing.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>fancyvrb</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>fancyvrb</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -7243,7 +7474,10 @@
<para>A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments is
<literal>fancyvrb</literal>. Another is <literal>verbatimbox</literal>.
</para>
-<para>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (see <link linkend="CTAN">CTAN</link>).
+<para>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (see <link linkend="CTAN">CTAN</link>),
+particularly the topics <literal>listing</literal>
+(<ulink url="https://ctan.org/topic/listing">https://ctan.org/topic/listing</ulink>) and <literal>verbatim</literal>
+(<ulink url="https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim">https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim</ulink>).
</para>
@@ -7295,15 +7529,6 @@
is a better option than the <literal>\verb</literal> command, since
it allows line breaks.
</para>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>listings</literal></primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>listings</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>minted</literal></primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>minted</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-
-<para>For computer code there are many packages with advantages over
-<literal>\verb</literal>. One is <literal>listings</literal>, another is <literal>minted</literal>.
-</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>cprotect</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>cprotect</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -8004,7 +8229,8 @@
<screen>\footnote{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
\footnote[<replaceable>number</replaceable>]{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Place a footnote <replaceable>text</replaceable> at the bottom of the current page.
+<para>Place a footnote <replaceable>text</replaceable> at the bottom of the current page, with a
+footnote marker at the current position in the text.
</para>
<screen>There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
\textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{%
@@ -8036,12 +8262,16 @@
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnoterule</primary></indexterm><literal>\footnoterule</literal>
</term><listitem><anchor id="footnote-footnoterule"/><para>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page’s
footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
-<literal>slides</literal>, where it does not appear) is: vertical thickness of
+<literal>slides</literal>, where it does not appear) are: vertical thickness of
<literal>0.4pt</literal>, and horizontal size of <literal>0.4\columnwidth</literal> long.
Change the rule with something like this.
</para>
<!-- Credit egreg: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/21917 -->
-<screen>\renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns avoid vertical space
+<screen>% \footnoterule is expanded in vertical mode, thus \kern
+% commands ensure that no vertical space is created,
+% and the rule is separated vertically with 2pt
+% above the note text.
+\renewcommand*{\footnoterule}{%
\kern -3pt % This -3 is negative
\hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % of the sum of this 1
\kern 2pt} % and this 2
@@ -8102,8 +8332,8 @@
<para>If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value of
the number of the common mark. This example gives the same
institutional affiliation to both the first and third authors
-(<literal>\thanks</literal> is a version of <literal>\footnote</literal>), by-hand giving the
-number of the footnote.
+(<literal>\thanks</literal> is a version of <literal>\footnote</literal>), by explicitly
+specifying the number of the footnote (‘<literal>1</literal>’).
</para>
<screen>\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
\author{J Moriarty\thanks{University of Leeds}
@@ -8112,17 +8342,6 @@
\begin{document}
\maketitle
</screen>
-<para>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
-is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
-</para>
-<screen>\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
-All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
- Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
-Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
- Captain Hook.}
-Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
-Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
-</screen>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>cleveref</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>cleveref</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -8144,6 +8363,17 @@
<para>It will work with the package <literal>hyperref</literal>.
</para>
+<para>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
+is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
+</para>
+<screen>\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
+All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
+ Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
+Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
+ Captain Hook.}
+Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
+Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
+</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 label="11.3" id="_005cfootnotetext">
@@ -8181,7 +8411,9 @@
section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way
to have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
-argument to <literal>\section</literal>
+argument to <literal>\section</literal>.
+<!-- xx Same issue with table/figure captions and -->
+<!-- \listoftable/\listoffigures, and same sort of fix can be used. -->
</para>
<screen>\section[Please]{Please\footnote{%
Don't footnote in chapter and section headers!}}
@@ -8331,7 +8563,6 @@
\renewcommand*{\<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>}
\renewcommand*{\<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>optargdefault</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>}
</screen>
-
<para>Define or redefine a command (see also <literal>\DeclareRobustCommand</literal> in
<link linkend="Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</link>).
</para>
@@ -8497,8 +8728,8 @@
<para>Just as the <literal>\relax</literal> command does nothing, the following input
will simply print ‘<literal>Hello!</literal>’ :
</para>
-<screen>Hel\relax <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->
- <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->lo!
+<screen>Hel\relax <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->
+ <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->lo!
</screen>
<para>This is because blanks after <literal>\relax</literal>, including the newline, are
ignored, and blanks at the beginning of a line are also ignored
@@ -8665,7 +8896,7 @@
part of the name itself and as such could be in any position.) Thus,
it is technically possible to put any number of spaces between the
command and the star. Thus <literal>\agentsecret*{Bond}</literal> and
-<literal>\agentsecret *<!-- /@w -->{Bond}</literal> are equivalent. However, the
+<literal>\agentsecret *<!-- /@w -->{Bond}</literal> are equivalent. However, the
standard practice is not to insert any such spaces.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>suffix</literal></primary></indexterm>
@@ -9128,20 +9359,16 @@
<para>All &latex; commands are either <firstterm>fragile</firstterm> or <firstterm>robust</firstterm>. A
fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to certain
-other commands. Commands that contain data that &latex; writes to an
-auxiliary file and re-reads later are fragile. This includes material
-that goes into a table of contents, list of figures, list of tables,
-etc. Fragile commands also include line breaks, any command that has an
-optional argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from
-breaking, one solution is to preceded them with the command
-<literal>\protect</literal>.
+other commands, typically those that write material to the table of
+contents, the cross-reference file, etc. To prevent fragile
+commands from causing errors, one solution is to precede them with the
+command <literal>\protect</literal>.
</para>
<para>For example, when &latex; runs the <literal>\section{<replaceable>section
name</replaceable>}</literal> command it writes the <replaceable>section name</replaceable> text to the
<filename>.aux</filename> auxiliary file, moving it there for use elsewhere in the
-document such as in the table of contents. Any argument that is
-internally expanded by &latex; without typesetting it directly is
-referred to as a
+document such as in the table of contents. Such an argument that is
+used in multiple places is referred to as a
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>moving arguments</primary></indexterm>
<firstterm>moving argument</firstterm>. A command is fragile if it can
expand during this process into invalid &tex; code. Some examples of
@@ -9151,34 +9378,52 @@
<literal>array</literal> environments (see <link linkend="tabular">tabular</link>).
</para>
<para>If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with <literal>\protect</literal>. Every fragile commands must be
+preceding it with <literal>\protect</literal>. Each fragile command must be
protected with their own <literal>\protect</literal>.
</para>
<para>Although usually a <literal>\protect</literal> command doesn’t hurt, length
-commands are robust and should not be preceded by a <literal>\protect</literal>
-command. Nor can a <literal>\protect</literal> command be used in the argument to
-<literal>\addtocounter</literal> or <literal>\setcounter</literal> command.
+commands such as <literal>\parindent</literal> should not be preceded by a
+<literal>\protect</literal> command (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>. Nor can a <literal>\protect</literal>
+command be used in the argument to <literal>\addtocounter</literal> or
+<literal>\setcounter</literal> command (see <link linkend="_005csetcounter">\setcounter</link> and
+<link linkend="_005caddtocounter">\addtocounter</link>. These commands are already robust.
</para>
-<para>In this example the <literal>\caption</literal> command gives a mysterious error
-about an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each
-<literal>\raisebox</literal> command with <literal>\protect</literal>.
+<para>As of the October 2019 release of &latex;
+(<ulink url="https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf">https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf</ulink>),
+most commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be
+robust. For example, any command taking an optional argument, such as
+<literal>\root</literal> or <literal>\raisebox</literal>, was fragile, but is now
+robust. Similarly, <literal>\(...\)</literal> math was fragile and is now robust
+(<literal>$...$</literal> has always been robust).
</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\verb, as fragile command</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is
+<literal>\verb</literal>; for example,
+</para>
<screen>\begin{figure}
...
- \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+ \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
\end{figure}
</screen>
-<para>In the next example the <literal>\tableofcontents</literal> command gives an error
-because the <literal>\(..\)</literal> in the section title expands to illegal &tex;
-in the <filename>.toc</filename> file. You can solve this by changing <literal>\(..\)</literal>
-to <literal>\protect\(..\protect\)</literal>.
+<para>Adding <literal>\protect</literal> does not help here. It’s usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use
+<literal>\texttt</literal>, often the simplest solution.
</para>
-<screen>\begin{document}
-\tableofcontents
-...
-\section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
-...
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>cprotect</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>cprotect</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cprotect</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Alternatively, to use <literal>\verb</literal>, you can apply the
+<literal>\cprotect</literal> command from <literal>cprotect</literal> package
+(<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect">https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect</ulink>) to the <literal>\caption</literal>:
+</para>
+<screen>\cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
</screen>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cprotEnv</primary></indexterm>
+<para><literal>\cprotect</literal> also allows use of <literal>\begin...\end</literal> environments
+in moving arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a
+similar prefix command <literal>\cprotEnv</literal>.
+</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 label="12.12" id="_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">
@@ -10023,7 +10268,6 @@
</para>
-
<sect1 label="13.1" id="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">
<title><literal>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</literal>: Printing counters</title>
@@ -12957,42 +13201,43 @@
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.5" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining">
-<title>Over- and Underlining</title>
+<sect1 label="16.5" id="Over_002d-or-under-math">
+<title>Over- or under math</title>
+<anchor id="Over_002d-and-Underlining"/><!-- original node name -->
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>overlining</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>underlining</primary></indexterm>
-<para>&latex; provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
-putting braces over or under some material.
+<para>&latex; provides commands for putting lines, braces, and arrows over
+or under math material.
</para>
-<variablelist>
-<varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\underline{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\underline{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Underline <replaceable>text</replaceable>. Works inside math mode, and outside.
+<variablelist><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\underline{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\underline{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
+</term><listitem><para>Underline <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example: <literal>\underline{x+y}</literal>.
The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
descenders, so in <literal>\(\underline{y}\)</literal> the line is lower than in
-<literal>\(\underline{x}\)</literal>. This command is fragile (see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>).
+<literal>\(\underline{x}\)</literal>. As of approximately 2019, this command
+and others in this section are robust; before that, they were fragile
+(see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>).
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>ulem</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>ulem</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-<para>Note that the package <literal>ulem</literal> does text mode underlining and allows
-line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation on CTAN. See also <link linkend="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill & \dotfill</link> for
-producing a line, for such things as a signature.
+<para>The package <literal>ulem</literal> (<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem">https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem</ulink>) does
+text mode underlining and allows line breaking as well as a number of
+other features. See also <link linkend="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill & \dotfill</link> for
+producing a line for such things as a signature or placeholder.
</para>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\overline{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\overline{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Put a horizontal line over <replaceable>text</replaceable>. Works inside math mode, and
-outside. For example, <literal>\overline{x+y}</literal>.
-Note that this differs from the command <literal>\bar</literal> (see <link linkend="Math-accents">Math
-accents</link>).
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\overline{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\overline{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
+</term><listitem><para>Put a horizontal line over <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example: <literal>\overline{x+y}</literal>.
+This differs from the accent command <literal>\bar</literal> (see <link linkend="Math-accents">Math accents</link>).
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\underbrace{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\underbrace{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Put a brace under <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example, this
-<literal>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</literal> emphasizes the telescoping part.
-Attach text to the brace by using the subscript command, <literal>_</literal>, or
-superscript, <literal>^</literal>, as here.
+</term><listitem><para>Put a brace under <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example:
+<literal>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</literal>.
</para>
+<para>You can attach text to the brace as a subscript (<literal>_</literal>) or
+superscript (<literal>^</literal>) as here:
+</para>
<screen>\begin{displaymath}
1+1/2+\underbrace{1/3+1/4}_{>1/2}+
\underbrace{1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8}_{>1/2}+\cdots
@@ -13002,16 +13247,25 @@
unconnected to the underbrace.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\overbrace{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\overbrace{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Put a brace over <replaceable>math</replaceable>, as with
-<literal>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</literal>. See also
-<literal>\underbrace</literal>.
+</term><listitem><para>Put a brace over <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example:
+
+<literal>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</literal>.
</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\overrightarrow{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\overrightarrow{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
+</term><listitem><para>Put a right arrow over <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example:
+<literal>\overrightarrow{x+y}</literal>.
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\overleftarrow{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><literal>\overleftarrow{<replaceable>math</replaceable>}</literal>
+</term><listitem><para>Put a left arrow over <replaceable>math</replaceable>. For example:
+<literal>\overleftarrow{a+b}</literal>.
+</para>
</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>mathtools</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>mathtools</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
-<para>The package <literal>mathtools</literal> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
-some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+<para>The package <literal>mathtools</literal> (<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools">https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools</ulink>)
+adds an over- and underbracket, as well as some improvements on the
+braces.
</para>
</sect1>
@@ -14304,13 +14558,13 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>NEWLINE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>SPACE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>TAB</keycap></primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\<keycap>SPACE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
<para>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\ <!-- /@w -->
+<screen>\ <!-- /@w -->
</screen>
<para>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -16565,20 +16819,22 @@
</para>
-<sect1 label="23.1" id="Reserved-characters">
-<title>Reserved characters</title>
+<sect1 label="23.1" id="Printing-special-characters">
+<title>Printing special characters</title>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>reserved characters</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, reserved</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>special characters</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, special</primary></indexterm>
-<para>&latex; sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For
-example, the percent sign <literal>%</literal> is for comments. They are
-called <firstterm>reserved characters</firstterm> or <firstterm>special characters</firstterm>. They are
-all discussed elsewhere in this manual.
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>reserved characters, printing</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>special characters, printing</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>printing special characters</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>escaping special characters</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>&latex; sets aside a few characters for special purposes; they are
+called reserved characters or special characters. Here they are:
</para>
<screen># $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \
</screen>
+<para>The meaning of all the special characters is given elsewhere
+in this manual (see <link linkend="Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</link>).
+</para>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\#</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\$</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\%</primary></indexterm>
@@ -16588,8 +16844,8 @@
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\}</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
-put a backslash <literal>\</literal> in front of the character. Thus,
-typing <literal>\$1.23</literal> will produce <literal>$1.23</literal> in your output.
+put a <literal>\</literal> in front of the character. Thus, typing <literal>\$1.23</literal>
+will produce <literal>$1.23</literal> in your output.
</para>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\~</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\^</primary></indexterm>
@@ -16600,12 +16856,12 @@
font circumflex use <literal>\^{}</literal>. To get a backslash in the font of
the text body, enter <literal>\textbackslash{}</literal>.
</para>
-<para>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use
-<literal>\verb!!</literal> as below (the double backslash <literal>\\</literal> in the
-example is only there to split the lines in the output).
+<para>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font, use
+<literal>\verb!!</literal> as below (the <literal>\newline</literal> in the example is there
+only to split the lines in the output).
</para>
<screen>\begin{center}
- \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \\
+ \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \newline
\verb!# $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \!
\end{center}
</screen>
@@ -16654,7 +16910,7 @@
</para>
<screen>\newcommand{\schoolname}{College of Mathematics}
\newcommand{\Schoolname}{\expandafter\MakeUppercase
- <!-- /@w -->\expandafter{\schoolname}}
+ <!-- /@w -->\expandafter{\schoolname}}
</screen>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>textcase</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>textcase</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -17381,58 +17637,57 @@
</para>
<screen>\usepackage[<replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable>]{inputenc}
</screen>
-<para>Declare the input file’s text encoding to be <replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable>. The
-default, if this package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically,
-specifying the encoding name is optional, but in practice it is not
-useful to omit it.
+<para>Declare the input file’s text encoding to be <replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable>. (For
+basic background, see <link linkend="Input-encodings">Input encodings</link>). The default, if this
+package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically, specifying the encoding
+name is optional, but in practice it is not useful to omit it.
</para>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>encoding, of input files</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>character encoding</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Unicode</primary></indexterm>
-<para>In a computer file, the characters are stored according to a scheme
-called the <firstterm>encoding</firstterm>. There are many different encodings. The
-simplest is ASCII, which supports 95 printable characters, not enough
-for most of the world’s languages. For instance, to typeset the
-a-umlaut character ‘<literal>ä</literal>’ in an ASCII-encoded &latex; source file, the
-sequence <literal>\"a</literal> is used. This would make source files for anything
-but English hard to read; even for English, often a more extensive
-encoding is more convenient.
+<para>The <literal>inputenc</literal> package tells &latex; what encoding is used. For
+instance, the following command explicitly says that the input file is
+UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
</para>
-<para>The modern encoding standard, in some ways a union of the others, is
-UTF-8, one of the representations of Unicode. This is the default for
-&latex; since 2018.
-</para>
-<para>The <literal>inputenc</literal> package is how &latex; knows what encoding is
-used. For instance, the following command explicitly says that the
-input file is UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
-</para>
<screen>\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
</screen>
+<para>The most common values for <replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable> are: <literal>ascii</literal>,
+<literal>latin1</literal>, <literal>latin2</literal>, <literal>latin3</literal>, <literal>latin4</literal>,
+<literal>latin5</literal>, <literal>latin9</literal>, <literal>latin10</literal>, <literal>utf8</literal>.
+</para>
<para>Caution: use <literal>inputenc</literal> only with the pdf&tex; engine
-(see <link linkend="TeX-engines">&tex; engines</link>). (The Xe&tex; and Lua&tex; engines assume
-that the input file is UTF-8 encoded.) If you invoke &latex; with
-either the <command>xelatex</command> command or the <command>lualatex</command>
-command, and try to declare a non-UTF-8 encoding with <literal>inputenc</literal>,
-such as <literal>latin1</literal>, then you will get the error <literal>inputenc is
-not designed for xetex or luatex</literal>.
+(see <link linkend="TeX-engines">&tex; engines</link>); with <command>xelatex</command> or
+<command>lualatex</command>, declaring a non-UTF-8 encoding with
+<literal>inputenc</literal>, such as <literal>latin1</literal>, will get the error
+<literal>inputenc is not designed for xetex or luatex</literal>.
</para>
<para>An <literal>inputenc</literal> package error such as <literal>Invalid UTF-8 byte "96</literal>
means that some of the material in the input file does not follow the
encoding scheme. Often these errors come from copying material from a
-document that uses a different encoding than the input file; this one
-is a left single quote from a web page using <literal>latin1</literal> inside a
-&latex; input file that uses UTF-8. The simplest solution is to
-replace the non-UTF-8 character with its UTF-8 equivalent, or use a
-&latex; equivalent command or character.
+document that uses a different encoding than the input file. The
+simplest solution is often to replace the non-UTF-8 character with a
+UTF-8 or &latex; equivalent.
</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>luainputenc</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>luainputenc</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\XeTeXinputencoding</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\XeTeXdefaultencoding</primary></indexterm>
+<para>If you need to process a non-UTF-8 document with Lua&tex;, you can
+use the <literal>luainputenc</literal> package
+(<ulink url="https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc">https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc</ulink>). With Xe&tex;, the
+<literal>\XeTeXinputencoding</literal> and <literal>\XeTeXdefaultencoding</literal> primitives
+can be used (for an explanation and examples, see
+<ulink url="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948">https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948</ulink>).
+</para>
+<indexterm role="pg"><primary>recode to change character encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="pg"><primary>iconv to change character encoding</primary></indexterm>
+<para>It’s also possible to re-encode a document from an 8-bit encoding to
+UTF-8 outside of &tex;, using system utilities. For example,
+‘<literal>recode latin1..utf8</literal>’ or ‘<literal>iconv -f latin1 -t utf8</literal>’.
+</para>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\inputencoding</primary></indexterm>
-<anchor id="_005cinputencoding"/><para>In some documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
+<anchor id="_005cinputencoding"/><para>In a few documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
variety of authors, changing the encoding in mid-document may be
-necessary. Use the command
-<literal>\inputencoding{<replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable>}</literal>. The most common values
-for <replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable> are: <literal>ascii</literal>, <literal>latin1</literal>,
-<literal>latin2</literal>, <literal>latin3</literal>, <literal>latin4</literal>, <literal>latin5</literal>,
-<literal>latin9</literal>, <literal>latin10</literal>, and <literal>utf8</literal>.
+necessary. You can use the command
+<literal>\inputencoding{<replaceable>encoding-name</replaceable>}</literal> for this.
</para>
</sect1>
@@ -19903,18 +20158,18 @@
argument with an ‘<literal>=</literal>’ sign (‘<literal>--foo=val</literal>’), but there can be no
spaces around the ‘<literal>=</literal>’. We will generally use the ‘<literal>=</literal>’ syntax.
</para>
-<variablelist><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--version command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-<varlistentry><term><literal>-version</literal>
+<variablelist><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--version command-line option</primary></indexterm>
+<literal>-version</literal>
</term><listitem><para>Show the current version, like ‘<literal>pdfTeX 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX
Live 2015/Debian)</literal>’ along with a small amount of additional information,
and exit.
</para>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--help command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-help</literal>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--help command-line option</primary></indexterm>
+<literal>-help</literal>
</term><listitem><para>Give a brief usage message that is useful as a prompt and exit.
</para>
-<anchor id="interaction-modes"/><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--interaction command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-interaction=<replaceable>mode</replaceable></literal>
+<anchor id="interaction-modes"/></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--interaction command-line option</primary></indexterm>
+<literal>-interaction=<replaceable>mode</replaceable></literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>batchmode</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>scrollmode</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>errorstopmode</primary></indexterm>
@@ -19936,17 +20191,17 @@
</screen>
<para>eliminates most terminal output.
</para>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>jobname</primary></indexterm>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="cp"><primary>jobname</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>filename for current job</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--jobname command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-jobname=<replaceable>string</replaceable></literal>
+<literal>-jobname=<replaceable>string</replaceable></literal>
</term><listitem><para>Set the value of &tex;’s <firstterm>jobname</firstterm> to the string. The log file
and output file will then be named <filename><replaceable>string</replaceable>.log</filename> and
<filename><replaceable>string</replaceable>.pdf</filename>. see <link linkend="Jobname">Jobname</link>.
</para>
-<anchor id="output-directory"/><indexterm role="cp"><primary>output directory for all external files</primary></indexterm>
+<anchor id="output-directory"/></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="cp"><primary>output directory for all external files</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--output-directory command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-output-directory=<replaceable>directory</replaceable></literal>
+<literal>-output-directory=<replaceable>directory</replaceable></literal>
</term><listitem><para>Write files in the directory <replaceable>directory</replaceable>. It must already exist.
This applies to all external files created by &tex; or &latex;, such
as the <filename>.log</filename> file for the run, the <filename>.aux</filename>, <filename>.toc</filename>,
@@ -19959,13 +20214,13 @@
directory (in which &latex; was run) remains unchanged, and is also
checked for input files.
</para>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>shell escape</primary></indexterm>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="cp"><primary>shell escape</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>\write18</literal>, enabling</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--enable-write18 command-line option</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--disable-write18 command-line option</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--shell-escape command-line option</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--no-shell-escape command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>--enable-write18</literal>
+<literal>--enable-write18</literal>
</term><term><literal>--disable-write18</literal>
</term><term><literal>--shell-escape</literal>
</term><term><literal>--no-shell-escape</literal>
@@ -19985,13 +20240,13 @@
<literal>\write18{ls -l}</literal>, then you do not get an error but the log
file says ‘<literal>runsystem(ls -l)...disabled</literal>’.
</para>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--halt-on-error command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-halt-on-error</literal>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--halt-on-error command-line option</primary></indexterm>
+<literal>-halt-on-error</literal>
</term><listitem><para>Stop processing at the first error.
</para>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--file-line-error command-line option</primary></indexterm>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><indexterm role="fn"><primary>--file-line-error command-line option</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>--no-file-line-error command-line option</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-file-line-error</literal>
+<literal>-file-line-error</literal>
</term></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>-no-file-line-error</literal>
</term><listitem><para>Enable or disable <literal><replaceable>filename</replaceable>:<replaceable>lineno</replaceable>:<replaceable>error</replaceable></literal>-style
error messages. These are only available with &tex; Live or Mac&tex;.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.dvi
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -2007,6 +2007,7 @@
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-lmodern"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lmodern-package"></a>
+
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cm_002dsuper"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cm_002dsuper-package"></a>
@@ -2021,11 +2022,11 @@
<samp class="file"><var class="var">font_encoding</var>enc.def</samp>. It also sets <code class="code">\encodingdefault</code>
to be the last encoding in the option list.
</p>
-<p>These are the common values for <var class="var">font_encoding</var>.
+<p>These are the common values for <var class="var">font_encoding</var>:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt><code class="code">OT1</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The original encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English characters.
+<dt><a id="index-OT1-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">OT1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-OT1-encoding"> ¶</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>The original 7-bit encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English characters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">OMS, OML</code></dt>
@@ -2032,13 +2033,15 @@
<dd><p>Math symbols and math letters encoding.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">T1</code></dt>
-<dd><p>TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the Users
-Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most European
-accented characters. The most common option for this package.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Cork-encoding"></a>
+<a id="index-T1-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">T1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-T1-encoding"> ¶</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
+users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to
+most European accented characters. The most common option for this
+package.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">TS1</code></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">TS1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding"> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Text Companion encoding.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -2054,13 +2057,13 @@
fonts before loading <samp class="file">fontenc</samp>, to prevent the system from loading
any <code class="code">T1</code> encoded fonts from the default.
</p>
-<p>The LaTeX team reserve encoding names starting with: ‘<samp class="samp">T</samp>’ for the
-standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘<samp class="samp">TS</samp>’ for symbols that
-extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘<samp class="samp">X</samp>’ for test encodings,
-‘<samp class="samp">M</samp>’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters, ‘<samp class="samp">A</samp>’ for
-special applications, ‘<samp class="samp">OT</samp>’ for standard text encodings with 128
-characters, and ‘<samp class="samp">OM</samp>’ for standard math encodings with 128
-characters (‘<samp class="samp">O</samp>’ stands for ‘<samp class="samp">obsolete</samp>’).
+<p>The LaTeX team reserves encoding names starting with: ‘<samp class="samp">T</samp>’ for
+the standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘<samp class="samp">TS</samp>’ for symbols
+that extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘<samp class="samp">X</samp>’ for test
+encodings, ‘<samp class="samp">M</samp>’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters,
+‘<samp class="samp">A</samp>’ for special applications, ‘<samp class="samp">OT</samp>’ for standard text
+encodings with 128 characters, and ‘<samp class="samp">OM</samp>’ for standard math
+encodings with 128 characters (‘<samp class="samp">O</samp>’ stands for ‘<samp class="samp">obsolete</samp>’).
</p>
<p>This package provides a number of commands, detailed below. Many of
them are encoding-specific, so if you have defined a command that works
@@ -11738,20 +11741,16 @@
<p>All LaTeX commands are either <em class="dfn">fragile</em> or <em class="dfn">robust</em>. A
fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to certain
-other commands. Commands that contain data that LaTeX writes to an
-auxiliary file and re-reads later are fragile. This includes material
-that goes into a table of contents, list of figures, list of tables,
-etc. Fragile commands also include line breaks, any command that has an
-optional argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from
-breaking, one solution is to preceded them with the command
-<code class="code">\protect</code>.
+other commands, typically those that write material to the table of
+contents, the cross-reference file, etc. To prevent fragile
+commands from causing errors, one solution is to precede them with the
+command <code class="code">\protect</code>.
</p>
<p>For example, when LaTeX runs the <code class="code">\section{<var class="var">section
name</var>}</code> command it writes the <var class="var">section name</var> text to the
<samp class="file">.aux</samp> auxiliary file, moving it there for use elsewhere in the
-document such as in the table of contents. Any argument that is
-internally expanded by LaTeX without typesetting it directly is
-referred to as a
+document such as in the table of contents. Such an argument that is
+used in multiple places is referred to as a
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-moving-arguments"></a>
<em class="dfn">moving argument</em>. A command is fragile if it can
expand during this process into invalid TeX code. Some examples of
@@ -11761,38 +11760,56 @@
<code class="code">array</code> environments (see <a class="pxref" href="#tabular"><code class="code">tabular</code></a>).
</p>
<p>If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with <code class="code">\protect</code>. Every fragile commands must be
+preceding it with <code class="code">\protect</code>. Each fragile command must be
protected with their own <code class="code">\protect</code>.
</p>
<p>Although usually a <code class="code">\protect</code> command doesn’t hurt, length
-commands are robust and should not be preceded by a <code class="code">\protect</code>
-command. Nor can a <code class="code">\protect</code> command be used in the argument to
-<code class="code">\addtocounter</code> or <code class="code">\setcounter</code> command.
+commands such as <code class="code">\parindent</code> should not be preceded by a
+<code class="code">\protect</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>. Nor can a <code class="code">\protect</code>
+command be used in the argument to <code class="code">\addtocounter</code> or
+<code class="code">\setcounter</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005csetcounter"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a> and
+<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>. These commands are already robust.
</p>
-<p>In this example the <code class="code">\caption</code> command gives a mysterious error
-about an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each
-<code class="code">\raisebox</code> command with <code class="code">\protect</code>.
+<p>As of the October 2019 release of LaTeX
+(<a class="url" href="https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf">https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf</a>),
+most commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be
+robust. For example, any command taking an optional argument, such as
+<code class="code">\root</code> or <code class="code">\raisebox</code>, was fragile, but is now
+robust. Similarly, <code class="code">\(...\)</code> math was fragile and is now robust
+(<code class="code">$...$</code> has always been robust).
</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cverb_002c-as-fragile-command"></a>
+<p>Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is
+<code class="code">\verb</code>; for example,
+</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{figure}
...
- \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+ \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
\end{figure}
</pre></div>
-<p>In the next example the <code class="code">\tableofcontents</code> command gives an error
-because the <code class="code">\(..\)</code> in the section title expands to illegal TeX
-in the <samp class="file">.toc</samp> file. You can solve this by changing <code class="code">\(..\)</code>
-to <code class="code">\protect\(..\protect\)</code>.
+<p>Adding <code class="code">\protect</code> does not help here. It’s usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use
+<code class="code">\texttt</code>, often the simplest solution.
</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cprotect-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cprotect-package-2"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccprotect"></a>
+<p>Alternatively, to use <code class="code">\verb</code>, you can apply the
+<code class="code">\cprotect</code> command from <code class="code">cprotect</code> package
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect">https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect</a>) to the <code class="code">\caption</code>:
+</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{document}
-\tableofcontents
-...
-\section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
-...
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
</pre></div>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccprotEnv"></a>
+<p><code class="code">\cprotect</code> also allows use of <code class="code">\begin...\end</code> environments
+in moving arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a
+similar prefix command <code class="code">\cprotEnv</code>.
+</p>
<hr>
</div>
@@ -12824,7 +12841,6 @@
</p>
-
<ul class="mini-toc">
<li><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li>
<li><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a></li>
@@ -25901,6 +25917,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccosh"><code>\cosh</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccot"><code>\cot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccoth"><code>\coth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccprotect"><code>\cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccprotEnv"><code>\cprotEnv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccsc"><code>\csc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccup"><code>\cup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCurrentOption"><code>\CurrentOption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption">\CurrentOption</a></td></tr>
@@ -26702,6 +26720,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvector"><code>\vector</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvector">\vector</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvee"><code>\vee</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cverb"><code>\verb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cverb_002c-as-fragile-command"><code>\verb<span class="r">, as fragile command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cVert"><code>\Vert</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvert"><code>\vert</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvfill"><code>\vfill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
@@ -27002,6 +27021,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-symbol_002c-defined">control symbol, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-word_002c-defined">control word, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Cork-encoding">Cork encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-a-list-of">counters, a list of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-defining-new">counters, defining new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-getting-value-of">counters, getting value of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvalue">\value</a></td></tr>
@@ -27009,6 +27029,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-setting">counters, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package-1"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package-2"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-pictures">creating pictures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-tables">creating tables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-credit-footnote">credit footnote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
@@ -27667,6 +27688,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">ordinals, feminine and masculine</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oslash">oslash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OT1">OT1</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OT1-encoding">OT1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outer-paragraph-mode">outer paragraph mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-directory-for-all-external-files">output directory for all external files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overbar-accent">overbar accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -27728,6 +27750,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-comprehensive"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">comprehensive</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datatool"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datatool</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datetime"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datetime</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-dcolumn"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">dcolumn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
@@ -28100,6 +28123,7 @@
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1">T1</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1-encoding">T1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tab-stops_002c-using">tab stops, using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code><code class="code">tabbing</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-counter"><code>table counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
@@ -28186,6 +28210,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TrueType-fonts">TrueType fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding">TS1 (text companion) encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TS1-encoding">TS1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dcolumn-output">two-column output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash">two-thirds em-dash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -1010,10 +1010,10 @@
‘FONT_ENCODINGenc.def’. It also sets ‘\encodingdefault’ to be the last
encoding in the option list.
- These are the common values for FONT_ENCODING.
+ These are the common values for FONT_ENCODING:
‘OT1’
- The original encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English
+ The original 7-bit encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English
characters.
‘OMS, OML’
@@ -1021,8 +1021,8 @@
‘T1’
TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
- Users Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most
- European accented characters. The most common option for this
+ users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to
+ most European accented characters. The most common option for this
package.
‘TS1’
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@
before loading ‘fontenc’, to prevent the system from loading any
‘T1’ encoded fonts from the default.
- The LaTeX team reserve encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for the
+ The LaTeX team reserves encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for the
standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘TS’ for symbols that
extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘X’ for test encodings, ‘M’ for
standard math encodings with 256 characters, ‘A’ for special
@@ -1054,9 +1054,9 @@
* Menu:
-* \DeclareFontEncoding:: Define an encoding.
-* \DeclareTextAccent:: Define an accent in the encoding.
-* \DeclareTextAccentDefault:: Fallback for using an accent in the encoding.
+* \DeclareFontEncoding:: Define an encoding.
+* \DeclareTextAccent:: Define an accent in the encoding.
+* \DeclareTextAccentDefault:: Fallback for using an accent in the encoding.
* \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand:: New encoding-specific command.
* \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault:: Fallback for encoding-specific commands.
* \DeclareTextComposite:: Directly access an accented glyph, in the encoding.
@@ -8214,54 +8214,60 @@
================
All LaTeX commands are either “fragile” or “robust”. A fragile command
-can break when it is used in the argument to certain other commands.
-Commands that contain data that LaTeX writes to an auxiliary file and
-re-reads later are fragile. This includes material that goes into a
-table of contents, list of figures, list of tables, etc. Fragile
-commands also include line breaks, any command that has an optional
-argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from breaking, one
-solution is to preceded them with the command ‘\protect’.
+can break when it is used in the argument to certain other commands,
+typically those that write material to the table of contents, the
+cross-reference file, etc. To prevent fragile commands from causing
+errors, one solution is to precede them with the command ‘\protect’.
For example, when LaTeX runs the ‘\section{SECTION NAME}’ command it
writes the SECTION NAME text to the ‘.aux’ auxiliary file, moving it
there for use elsewhere in the document such as in the table of
-contents. Any argument that is internally expanded by LaTeX without
-typesetting it directly is referred to as a “moving argument”. A
-command is fragile if it can expand during this process into invalid TeX
-code. Some examples of moving arguments are those that appear in the
-‘\caption{...}’ command (*note figure::), in the ‘\thanks{...}’ command
-(*note \maketitle::), and in @-expressions in the ‘tabular’ and ‘array’
-environments (*note tabular::).
+contents. Such an argument that is used in multiple places is referred
+to as a “moving argument”. A command is fragile if it can expand during
+this process into invalid TeX code. Some examples of moving arguments
+are those that appear in the ‘\caption{...}’ command (*note figure::),
+in the ‘\thanks{...}’ command (*note \maketitle::), and in @-expressions
+in the ‘tabular’ and ‘array’ environments (*note tabular::).
If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with ‘\protect’. Every fragile commands must be protected
+preceding it with ‘\protect’. Each fragile command must be protected
with their own ‘\protect’.
Although usually a ‘\protect’ command doesn't hurt, length commands
-are robust and should not be preceded by a ‘\protect’ command. Nor can
-a ‘\protect’ command be used in the argument to ‘\addtocounter’ or
-‘\setcounter’ command.
+such as ‘\parindent’ should not be preceded by a ‘\protect’ command
+(*note Lengths::. Nor can a ‘\protect’ command be used in the argument
+to ‘\addtocounter’ or ‘\setcounter’ command (*note \setcounter:: and
+*note \addtocounter::. These commands are already robust.
- In this example the ‘\caption’ command gives a mysterious error about
-an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each ‘\raisebox’
-command with ‘\protect’.
+ As of the October 2019 release of LaTeX
+(<https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf>), most
+commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be robust. For
+example, any command taking an optional argument, such as ‘\root’ or
+‘\raisebox’, was fragile, but is now robust. Similarly, ‘\(...\)’ math
+was fragile and is now robust (‘$...$’ has always been robust).
+ Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is ‘\verb’;
+for example,
+
\begin{figure}
...
- \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+ \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
\end{figure}
- In the next example the ‘\tableofcontents’ command gives an error
-because the ‘\(..\)’ in the section title expands to illegal TeX in the
-‘.toc’ file. You can solve this by changing ‘\(..\)’ to
-‘\protect\(..\protect\)’.
+ Adding ‘\protect’ does not help here. It's usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use ‘\texttt’,
+often the simplest solution.
- \begin{document}
- \tableofcontents
- ...
- \section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
- ...
+ Alternatively, to use ‘\verb’, you can apply the ‘\cprotect’ command
+from ‘cprotect’ package (<https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect>) to the
+‘\caption’:
+ \cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
+
+ ‘\cprotect’ also allows use of ‘\begin...\end’ environments in moving
+arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a similar prefix
+command ‘\cprotEnv’.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend, Next: xspace package, Prev: \protect, Up: Definitions
@@ -18551,6 +18557,8 @@
* \cosh: Math functions. (line 27)
* \cot: Math functions. (line 30)
* \coth: Math functions. (line 33)
+* \cprotect: \protect. (line 51)
+* \cprotEnv: \protect. (line 57)
* \csc: Math functions. (line 36)
* \cup: Math symbols. (line 139)
* \CurrentOption: \CurrentOption. (line 6)
@@ -19528,6 +19536,7 @@
* \vector: \vector. (line 6)
* \vee: Math symbols. (line 798)
* \verb: \verb. (line 6)
+* \verb, as fragile command: \protect. (line 39)
* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 802)
* \vert: Math symbols. (line 806)
* \vfill: \vfill. (line 6)
@@ -19878,6 +19887,7 @@
* control symbol, defined: Control sequences. (line 17)
* control word, defined: Control sequences. (line 13)
* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 15)
+* Cork encoding: fontenc package. (line 57)
* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 6)
* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 6)
* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 6)
@@ -19886,6 +19896,7 @@
* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 6)
* cprotect package: verbatim. (line 25)
* cprotect package <1>: \verb. (line 42)
+* cprotect package <2>: \protect. (line 51)
* creating pictures: picture. (line 6)
* creating tables: table. (line 6)
* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 57)
@@ -20535,7 +20546,7 @@
* mobile output: TeX engines. (line 56)
* modes: Modes. (line 6)
* monospace font: Font styles. (line 97)
-* moving arguments: \protect. (line 19)
+* moving arguments: \protect. (line 16)
* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 67)
* mpfootnote counter <1>: Counters. (line 15)
* mu: Units of length. (line 52)
@@ -20628,6 +20639,7 @@
* oslash: Additional Latin letters.
(line 44)
* OT1: fontenc package. (line 6)
+* OT1 encoding: fontenc package. (line 50)
* outer paragraph mode: Modes. (line 51)
* output directory for all external files: Command line options.
(line 48)
@@ -20699,6 +20711,7 @@
* package, comprehensive: Math symbols. (line 6)
* package, cprotect: verbatim. (line 25)
* package, cprotect <1>: \verb. (line 42)
+* package, cprotect <2>: \protect. (line 51)
* package, datatool: \read. (line 31)
* package, datetime: \today. (line 27)
* package, dcolumn: array. (line 74)
@@ -21126,6 +21139,7 @@
* system commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 6)
* system information: \write18. (line 65)
* T1: fontenc package. (line 6)
+* T1 encoding: fontenc package. (line 57)
* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 6)
* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 6)
* table counter: Counters. (line 15)
@@ -21231,6 +21245,7 @@
* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 216)
* transcript file: Output files. (line 28)
* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 6)
+* TS1 (text companion) encoding: fontenc package. (line 63)
* TS1 encoding: Text symbols. (line 6)
* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 6)
* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 219)
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+Node: Produce the index manually623055
+Node: \index624243
+Node: makeindex629682
+Ref: makeindex preamble631398
+Ref: makeindex postamble631552
+Ref: makeindex group skip631656
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag632016
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+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix632653
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+Node: Glossaries636362
+Node: \newglossaryentry638381
+Node: \gls639884
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+Node: \cc645227
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+Ref: interaction modes674025
+Ref: output directory675035
+Node: Command line input676810
+Node: Jobname678957
+Node: Recovering from errors682337
+Node: Document templates683813
+Node: beamer template684247
+Node: article template684897
+Node: book template685364
+Node: Larger book template685847
+Node: Index687429
+Ref: Command Index687515
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.txt
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.txt 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/latex2e.txt 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@
2.1 Starting and ending
2.2 Output files
2.3 TeX engines
- 2.4 LaTeX command syntax
- 2.5 Environment syntax
- 2.6 ‘\DocumentMetadata’: Producing tagged PDF output
- 2.7 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
+ 2.4 Input text
+ 2.4.1 Input encodings
+ 2.4.2 Ligatures
+ 2.4.3 Special characters: ‘\ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~’
+ 2.5 LaTeX command syntax
+ 2.6 Environment syntax
+ 2.7 ‘\DocumentMetadata’: Producing tagged PDF output
+ 2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
3 Document classes
3.1 Document class options
3.2 ‘\usepackage’: Additional packages
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@
16.2.7 Greek letters
16.3 Math functions
16.4 Math accents
- 16.5 Over- and Underlining
+ 16.5 Over- or under math
16.6 Spacing in math mode
16.6.1 ‘\smash’
16.6.2 ‘\phantom’ & ‘\vphantom’ & ‘\hphantom’
@@ -308,7 +312,7 @@
22.3.3 Colored boxes
22.3.4 Colored pages
23 Special insertions
- 23.1 Reserved characters
+ 23.1 Printing special characters
23.2 Upper and lower case
23.3 Symbols by font position
23.4 Text symbols
@@ -374,8 +378,8 @@
LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
***************************************
-This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of September
-2023) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
+This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of May 2024)
+for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
1 About this document
*********************
@@ -384,14 +388,14 @@
preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX typesetting
program (*note Overview::).
- This document’s home page is <https://latexref.xyz>; it has separate
+ This document's home page is <https://latexref.xyz>; it has separate
web pages for each topic. Alternatively.
<https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.html> has the entire document on a
single page. For other output formats, the sources, and plenty more
information, see <https://latexref.xyz/dev/>.
- In this document, we will mostly just use ‘LaTeX’ rather than
-‘LaTeX2e’, since the previous version of LaTeX (2.09) was frozen decades
+ In this document, we will mostly just use 'LaTeX' rather than
+'LaTeX2e', since the previous version of LaTeX (2.09) was frozen decades
ago.
LaTeX is maintained by a group of volunteers
@@ -433,17 +437,17 @@
(as of 2018). The commands specify, for example, how the text should be
formatted.
- LaTeX is implemented as a set of related so-called “macros” which use
-Donald E. Knuth’s TeX typesetting program or one of its derivatives,
-collectively known as “engines”. Thus, the user produces output,
-typically PDF, by giving the input file to a TeX engine. (The following
-sections describe all this in more detail.)
+ LaTeX is implemented as a set of so-called "macros" (a TeX “format”)
+which use Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program or one of its
+derivatives, collectively known as "engines". Thus, the user produces
+output, typically PDF, by giving the input file to a TeX engine. The
+following sections describe all this in more detail.
The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
the input document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
available to a LaTeX user.
- The name LaTeX is short for “Lamport TeX”. It is pronounced LAH-teck
+ The name LaTeX is short for "Lamport TeX". It is pronounced LAH-teck
or LAY-teck, or sometimes LAY-tecks. Inside a document, produce the
logo with ‘\LaTeX’. Where use of the logo is not sensible, such as in
plain text, write it as ‘LaTeX’.
@@ -452,7 +456,7 @@
=======================
LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard beginning
-and ending. This is a small example.
+and ending. Here is a small example:
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
@@ -463,18 +467,18 @@
‘\end{document}’ line.
Here, the ‘article’ is the “document class”. It is implemented in a
-file ‘article.cls’. You can use any document class on your system. A
-few document classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast array of
-others are widely available. *Note Document classes::.
+file ‘article.cls’. You can use any document class available on your
+system. A few document classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and a vast
+array of others are available. *Note Document classes::.
You can include other LaTeX commands between the ‘\documentclass’ and
the ‘\begin{document}’ commands. This area is called the “preamble”.
- The ‘\begin{document}’, ‘\end{document}’ pair defines an
+ The ‘\begin{document}’ ... ‘\end{document}’ pair defines an
“environment”; the ‘document’ environment (and no others) is required in
-all LaTeX documents (*note document::). LaTeX make available to you
-many environments that are documented here (*note Environments::). Many
-more are available to you from external packages, most importantly those
+all LaTeX documents (*note document::). LaTeX provides many
+environments that are documented here (*note Environments::). Many more
+are available to you from external packages, most importantly those
available at CTAN (*note CTAN::).
The following sections discuss how to produce PDF or other output
@@ -484,7 +488,7 @@
================
LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two auxiliary files. The
-main output file’s name ends in either ‘.dvi’ or ‘.pdf’.
+main output file's name ends in either ‘.dvi’ or ‘.pdf’.
‘.dvi’
If LaTeX is invoked with the system command ‘latex’ then it
@@ -512,8 +516,8 @@
‘.aux’
Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as cross
references. For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a forward
- reference—a cross reference to something that has not yet appeared
- in the source—it will appear in the output as a doubled question
+ reference--a cross reference to something that has not yet appeared
+ in the source--it will appear in the output as a doubled question
mark ‘??’. When the referred-to spot does eventually appear in the
source then LaTeX writes its location information to this ‘.aux’
file. On the next invocation, LaTeX reads the location information
@@ -529,10 +533,10 @@
2.3 TeX engines
===============
-LaTeX is a large set of commands that is executed by a TeX program
-(*note Overview::). Such a set of commands is called a “format”, and is
-embodied in a binary ‘.fmt’ file, which can be read much more quickly
-than the corresponding TeX source.
+LaTeX is a large set of commands (macros) that is executed by a TeX
+program (*note Overview::). Such a set of commands is called a
+“format”, and is embodied in a binary ‘.fmt’ file, which can be read
+much more quickly than the corresponding TeX source.
This section gives a terse overview of the TeX programs that are
commonly available (see also *note Command line interface::).
@@ -545,7 +549,7 @@
‘latex’, the main output is a ‘.dvi’ file; as ‘pdflatex’, the main
output is a ‘.pdf’ file.
- pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth’s original
+ pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth's original
program (<https://ctan.org/pkg/etex>), including additional
programming features and bi-directional typesetting, and has plenty
of extensions of its own. e-TeX is available on its own as the
@@ -553,13 +557,14 @@
In other TeX distributions, ‘latex’ may invoke e-TeX rather than
pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be assumed to be
- available in LaTeX.
+ available in LaTeX, and a few extensions beyond e-TeX, particularly
+ for file manipulation.
‘lualatex’
If LaTeX is invoked via the system command ‘lualatex’, the LuaTeX
engine is run (<https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex>). This program allows
code written in the scripting language Lua (<http://luatex.org>) to
- interact with TeX’s typesetting. LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode
+ interact with TeX's typesetting. LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode
input natively, can handle OpenType and TrueType fonts, and
produces a ‘.pdf’ file by default. There is also ‘dvilualatex’ to
produce a ‘.dvi’ file.
@@ -577,6 +582,12 @@
process is automatic. The ‘.xdv’ file is only useful for
debugging.
+‘hilatex’
+ If LaTeX is invoked via the system command ‘hilatex’, the HiTeX
+ engine is run (<https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex>). This program
+ produces its own format, named HINT, designed especially for
+ high-quality typesetting on mobile devices.
+
‘platex’
‘uplatex’
These commands provide significant additional support for Japanese
@@ -584,7 +595,7 @@
<https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex> and <https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex>.
As of 2019, there is a companion ‘-dev’ command and format for all of
-the above:
+the above, except ‘hitex’:
‘dvilualatex-dev’
‘latex-dev’
@@ -608,11 +619,156 @@
undergo the same extensive regression testing by the LaTeX team
before being released.
- For more information, see “The LaTeX release workflow and the LaTeX
- ‘dev’ formats” by Frank Mittelbach, ‘TUGboat’ 40:2,
+ For more information, see "The LaTeX release workflow and the LaTeX
+ ‘dev’ formats" by Frank Mittelbach, ‘TUGboat’ 40:2,
<https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125mitt-dev.pdf>.
-2.4 LaTeX command syntax
+2.4 Input text
+==============
+
+To a first approximation, most input characters in LaTeX print as
+themselves. But there are exceptions, as discussed in the following
+sections.
+
+2.4.1 Input encodings
+---------------------
+
+The input to TeX (or any computer program) ultimately consists of a
+sequence of bytes. (Nowadays, a byte is almost universally an eight-bit
+number, i.e., an integer between 0 and 255, inclusive.) The input
+encoding defines how to interpret that sequence of bytes, and thus how
+LaTeX behaves.
+
+ Today, by far the most common way to encode text is with “UTF-8”, a
+so-called "Unicode Transformation Format" which specifies how to
+transform a sequence of 8-bit bytes to Unicode code points, which are
+defined independent of any particular representation. The Unicode
+encoding defines code points for virtually all characters used today in
+written text.
+
+ When TeX was created, Unicode and UTF-8 did not exist and the 7-bit
+ASCII encoding was by far the most widely used. So TeX does not require
+Unicode for text input. UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, so a pure 7-bit
+ASCII document is also UTF-8.
+
+ Since 2018, the default input encoding for LaTeX is UTF-8. Some
+methods for handling documents written in some other encoding, such as
+ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1), are explained in *note inputenc package::.
+
+ You can easily find more about all these topics in any introductory
+computer text or online. For example, you might start at:
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode>.
+
+2.4.2 Ligatures
+---------------
+
+A “ligature” combines two or more letters (more generally, characters)
+into a single glyph. For example, in Latin-based typography, the two
+letters ‘f’ and ‘i’ are often combined into the glyph 'fi'.
+
+ TeX supports ligatures automatically. To continue the example, if
+the input has the word ‘fine’, written as four separate ASCII
+characters, TeX will output the word 'fine' (with the default fonts),
+with three typeset glyphs.
+
+ In traditional TeX, the available ligatures, if any, are defined by
+the current font. TeX also uses the ligature mechanism to produce a few
+typographical characters which were not available in any computer
+encoding when TeX was invented. In all, in the original Computer Modern
+fonts, the following input character sequences are defined to lead to
+ligatures:
+
+‘ff’
+ ff (ff ligature, U+FB00)
+‘fi’
+ fi (fi ligature, U+FB01)
+‘fl’
+ fl (fl ligature, U+FB02)
+‘ffi’
+ ffi (ffi ligature, U+FB03)
+‘ffl’
+ ffl (ffl ligature, U+FB04)
+‘``’
+ " (left double quotation mark, U+201C)
+‘''’
+ " (right double quotation mark, U+201D)
+‘--’
+ - (en-dash, U+2013)
+‘---’
+ -- (em-dash, U+2014)
+‘!`’
+ !' (inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1)
+‘?`’
+ ?' (inverted question mark, U+00BF)
+
+(For the f-ligatures above, the text in parentheses shows the individual
+characters, so in the typeset output you can easily see the difference
+between the ligature and the original character sequence.)
+
+ Nowadays it's usually possible to directly input the punctuation
+characters as Unicode characters, and LaTeX supports that (see previous
+section). But even today, it can still often be useful to use the ASCII
+ligature input form; for example, the difference between an en-dash and
+em-dash, as a single glyph, can be all but impossible to discern, but
+the difference between two and three ASCII hyphen characters is clear.
+Similarly with quotation marks, in some fonts.
+
+ Thus, even the engines with native support for UTF-8, namely LuaTeX
+and XeTeX, also support the ASCII ligature input sequences by default,
+independent of the font used. They also need to do so for
+compatibility.
+
+ By the way, the f-ligatures are also available in Unicode (the
+"Alphabetic Presentation Forms" block starting at U+FB00), but it's
+almost never desirable to use them as input characters, since in
+principle it should be up to the typesetter and the current font whether
+to use ligatures. Also, in practice, using them will typically cause
+searches to fail, that is, a search for the two characters ‘fi’ will not
+be matched by the ligature 'fi' at U+FB01.
+
+2.4.3 Special characters: ‘\ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~’
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Besides ligatures (see previous section), a few individual characters
+have special meaning to LaTeX. They are called “reserved characters” or
+“special characters”. Here they are:
+
+‘\’
+ Introduces a command name, as seen throughout this manual.
+
+‘{’
+‘}’
+ Delimits a required argument to a command or a level of grouping,
+ as seen throughout this manual.
+
+‘%’
+ Starts a comment: the ‘%’ and all remaining characters on the
+ current line are ignored.
+
+‘$’
+ Starts and ends math mode (*note Math formulas::).
+
+‘&’
+ Separates cells in a table (*note tabular::).
+
+‘_’
+‘^’
+ Introduce a subscript or superscript, respectively, in math (*note
+ Subscripts & superscripts::); they produce an error outside math
+ mode. As a little-used special feature, two superscript characters
+ in a row can introduce special notation for an arbitrary character.
+
+‘#’
+ Stands for arguments in a macro definition (*note \newcommand &
+ \renewcommand::).
+
+‘~’
+ Produces a nonbreakable interword space (*note ~::).
+
+ *Note Printing special characters::, for how to typeset these
+characters when you need them literally.
+
+2.5 LaTeX command syntax
========================
In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a backslash
@@ -619,10 +775,10 @@
character, ‘\’. The name itself then consists of either (a) a string of
letters or (b) a single non-letter.
- LaTeX commands names are case sensitive so that ‘\pagebreak’ differs
-from ‘\Pagebreak’ (the latter is not a standard command). Most command
-names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all commands in the
-same case as they are defined.
+ LaTeX commands names are case sensitive; for example, ‘\pagebreak’
+differs from ‘\Pagebreak’ (the latter is not a standard command). Most
+command names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all
+commands in the same case as they are defined.
A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments. These
arguments may be either required or optional. Required arguments are
@@ -629,7 +785,8 @@
contained in curly braces, ‘{...}’. Optional arguments are contained in
square brackets, ‘[...]’. Generally, but not universally, if the
command accepts an optional argument, it comes first, before any
-required arguments.
+required arguments; optional arguments could come after required
+arguments, or both before and after.
Inside of an optional argument, to use the character close square
bracket (‘]’) hide it inside curly braces, as in ‘\item[closing bracket
@@ -638,8 +795,8 @@
text be an open square bracket, hide it inside curly braces.
LaTeX has the convention that some commands have a ‘*’ form that is
-related to the form without a ‘*’, such as ‘\chapter’ and ‘\chapter*’.
-The exact difference in behavior varies from command to command.
+closely related to the form without a ‘*’, such as ‘\chapter’ and
+‘\chapter*’. The difference in behavior varies from command to command.
This manual describes all accepted options and ‘*’-forms for the
commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
@@ -646,11 +803,11 @@
As of the 2020-10-01 release of LaTeX, the ‘expl3’ and ‘xparse’
packages are part of the LaTeX2e format. They provide a completely
-different underlying programming language syntax. We won’t try to cover
-them in this document; see the related package documentation and other
+different underlying programming language syntax. We won't try to cover
+that in this document; see the related package documentation and other
LaTeX manuals.
-2.5 Environment syntax
+2.6 Environment syntax
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -682,14 +839,16 @@
required (it specifies the formatting of columns).
\begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
- ... rows of table ...
+ ... ROWS-OF-TABLE ...
\end{tabular}
-2.6 ‘\DocumentMetadata’: Producing tagged PDF output
+2.7 ‘\DocumentMetadata’: Producing tagged PDF output
====================================================
The ‘\DocumentMetadata’ command was added to LaTeX in 2022. It enables
-so-called “tagging” of the PDF output, aiding accessibility of the PDF.
+so-called "tagging" of the PDF output, aiding accessibility of the PDF.
+It is supported best with LuaLaTeX; pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeX are supported
+as well as possible (*note TeX engines::).
It is unlike nearly any other command in LaTeX in that it must occur
before the ‘\documentclass’ command that starts a LaTeX document proper
@@ -707,14 +866,14 @@
...
As you can see from the key name ‘testphase’, this is all still in an
-experimental phase. But the LaTeX developers strongly encourage users
-to give it a try and report problems.
+experimental phase. The LaTeX developers strongly encourage users to
+give it a try and report problems, so it can be improved.
-2.7 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
+2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
===============================================
The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, CTAN, is the TeX and LaTeX
-community’s repository of free material. It is a set of Internet sites
+community's repository of free material. It is a set of Internet sites
around the world that offer material related to LaTeX for download.
Visit CTAN on the web at <https://ctan.org>.
@@ -721,14 +880,14 @@
This material is organized into packages, discrete bundles that
typically offer some coherent functionality and are maintained by one
person or a small number of people. For instance, many publishers have
-a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher’s
+a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher's
specifications.
- In addition to the massive holdings, the ‘ctan.org’ web site offers
+ In addition to its massive holdings, the ‘ctan.org’ web site offers
features such as search by name or by functionality.
CTAN is not a single host, but instead is a set of hosts, one of
-which is the so-called “master”. The master host actively manages the
+which is the so-called "master". The master host actively manages the
material, for instance, by accepting uploads of new or updated packages.
For many years, it has been hosted by the German TeX group, DANTE e.V.
@@ -741,7 +900,7 @@
3 Document classes
******************
-The document’s overall class is defined with the ‘\documentclass’
+The document's overall class is defined with the ‘\documentclass’
command, which is normally the first command in a LaTeX source file.
\documentclass[OPTIONS]{CLASS}
@@ -766,8 +925,8 @@
technical reports or theses, which may contain several chapters.
‘slides’
- For slide presentations—rarely used nowadays. The ‘beamer’ package
- is perhaps the most prevalent replacement
+ For slide presentations--rarely used nowadays. The ‘beamer’
+ package is perhaps the most prevalent replacement
(<https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer>). *Note beamer template::, for a
small template for a beamer document.
@@ -840,7 +999,7 @@
right side.
‘openbib’
- Use “open” bibliography format.
+ Use "open" bibliography format.
‘titlepage’
‘notitlepage’
@@ -863,7 +1022,7 @@
For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page. For
two-sided printing, the ‘\evensidemargin’ (‘\oddsidemargin’)
parameter determines the distance on even (odd) numbered pages
- between the left side of the page and the text’s left margin, with
+ between the left side of the page and the text's left margin, with
‘\oddsidemargin’ being 40% of the difference between ‘\paperwidth’
and ‘\textwidth’, and ‘\evensidemargin’ is the remainder.
@@ -967,7 +1126,7 @@
It identifies itself, handles the class options via the default of
passing them all to the ‘article’ class, and then loads the ‘article’
-class to provide the basis for this class’s code.
+class to provide the basis for this class's code.
For more, see the official guide for class and package writers, the
Class Guide, at <https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide> (much of the description
@@ -1032,7 +1191,7 @@
engines::). If you use the ‘xelatex’ or ‘lualatex’ engine then instead
use the ‘fontspec’ package.
- TeX’s original font family, Computer Modern, has a limited character
+ TeX's original font family, Computer Modern, has a limited character
set. For instance, to make common accented characters you must use
‘\accent’ (*note \accent::) but this disables hyphenation. TeX users
have agreed on a number of standards to access the larger sets of
@@ -1051,7 +1210,7 @@
blurry or do not magnify well then your fonts may be bitmapped,
sometimes called raster or Type 3. You want vector fonts. Use a
package such as ‘lmodern’ or ‘cm-super’ to get a font that extends
-LaTeX’s default using vector fonts.
+LaTeX's default using vector fonts.
For each FONT_ENCODING given as an option but not already declared,
this package loads the encoding definition files, named
@@ -1058,10 +1217,10 @@
‘FONT_ENCODINGenc.def’. It also sets ‘\encodingdefault’ to be the last
encoding in the option list.
- These are the common values for FONT_ENCODING.
+ These are the common values for FONT_ENCODING:
‘OT1’
- The original encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English
+ The original 7-bit encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English
characters.
‘OMS, OML’
@@ -1069,14 +1228,14 @@
‘T1’
TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
- Users Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most
- European accented characters. The most common option for this
+ users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to
+ most European accented characters. The most common option for this
package.
‘TS1’
Text Companion encoding.
-LaTeX’s default is to load ‘OML’, ‘T1’, ‘OT1’, and then ‘OMS’, and set
+LaTeX's default is to load ‘OML’, ‘T1’, ‘OT1’, and then ‘OMS’, and set
the default to ‘OT1’.
Even if you do not use accented letters, you may need to specify a
@@ -1087,7 +1246,7 @@
before loading ‘fontenc’, to prevent the system from loading any
‘T1’ encoded fonts from the default.
- The LaTeX team reserve encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for the
+ The LaTeX team reserves encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for the
standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘TS’ for symbols that
extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘X’ for test encodings, ‘M’ for
standard math encodings with 256 characters, ‘A’ for special
@@ -1429,7 +1588,7 @@
arguments, as in ‘{\itshape TEXT}’. The scope of the declaration form
lasts until the next type style command or the end of the current group.
In addition, each has an environment form such as
-‘\begin{itshape}...\end{itshape}’, which we’ll describe further at the
+‘\begin{itshape}...\end{itshape}’, which we'll describe further at the
end of the section.
These commands, in any of the three forms, are cumulative; for
@@ -1548,9 +1707,9 @@
‘\mathversion{normal}’ restores the default.
Finally, the command ‘\oldstylenums{NUMERALS}’ will typeset so-called
-“old-style” numerals, which have differing heights and depths (and
-sometimes widths) from the standard “lining” numerals, which all have
-the same height as uppercase letters. LaTeX’s default fonts support
+"old-style" numerals, which have differing heights and depths (and
+sometimes widths) from the standard "lining" numerals, which all have
+the same height as uppercase letters. LaTeX's default fonts support
this, and will respect ‘\textbf’ (but not other styles; there are no
italic old-style numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have
old-style numerals also; sometimes package options are provided to make
@@ -1591,7 +1750,7 @@
Trying to use these commands in math, as with ‘$\small mv^2/2$’,
results in ‘LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small invalid in math mode’,
-and the font size doesn’t change. To work with a too-large formula,
+and the font size doesn't change. To work with a too-large formula,
often the best option is to use the ‘displaymath’ environment (*note
Math formulas::), or one of the environments from the ‘amsmath’ package.
For inline mathematics, such as in a table of formulas, an alternative
@@ -1603,7 +1762,7 @@
An “environment form” of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, ‘\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}’. However, in practice this form
can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or end of the
-environment without careful consideration, so it’s generally less
+environment without careful consideration, so it's generally less
error-prone to stick to the declaration form.
(Aside: Technically, due to the way LaTeX defines ‘\begin’ and
@@ -1623,7 +1782,7 @@
‘\fontencoding{ENCODING}’
Select the font encoding, the encoding of the output font. There
are a large number of valid encodings. The most common are ‘OT1’,
- Knuth’s original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and
+ Knuth's original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and
‘T1’, also known as the Cork encoding, which has support for the
accented characters used by the most widespread European languages
(German, French, Italian, Polish and others), which allows TeX to
@@ -1825,7 +1984,7 @@
‘\dblfloatpagefraction’
For a float page of two-column wide floats, this is the minimum
fraction that must be occupied by floats, limiting the amount of
- blank space. LaTeX’s default is ‘0.5’. Change it with
+ blank space. LaTeX's default is ‘0.5’. Change it with
‘\renewcommand’.
‘\dblfloatsep’
@@ -1845,7 +2004,7 @@
maximum number of floats allowed at the top of the page. The LaTeX
default is ‘2’.
- This example uses ‘\twocolumn’’s optional argument of to create a
+ This example uses ‘\twocolumn’'s optional argument of to create a
title that spans the two-column article:
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
@@ -1933,7 +2092,7 @@
Width of the current line, decreased for each nested ‘list’ (*note
list::). That is, the nominal value for ‘\linewidth’ is to equal
‘\textwidth’ but for each nested list the ‘\linewidth’ is decreased
- by the sum of that list’s ‘\leftmargin’ and ‘\rightmargin’ (*note
+ by the sum of that list's ‘\leftmargin’ and ‘\rightmargin’ (*note
itemize::).
‘\marginparpush’
@@ -1965,13 +2124,13 @@
‘\oddsidemargin’
‘\evensidemargin’
The ‘\oddsidemargin’ length is the extra distance between the left
- side of the page and the text’s left margin, on odd-numbered pages
+ side of the page and the text's left margin, on odd-numbered pages
when the document class option ‘twoside’ is chosen and on all pages
when ‘oneside’ is in effect. When ‘twoside’ is in effect, on
even-numbered pages the extra distance on the left is
‘\evensidemargin’.
- LaTeX’s default is that ‘\oddsidemargin’ is 40% of the difference
+ LaTeX's default is that ‘\oddsidemargin’ is 40% of the difference
between ‘\paperwidth’ and ‘\textwidth’, and ‘\evensidemargin’ is
the remainder.
@@ -2042,14 +2201,14 @@
Ordinarily document authors do not directly change ‘\baselineskip’
while writing. Instead, it is set by the low level font selection
command ‘\fontsize’ (*note low level font commands fontsize::). The
-‘\baselineskip’’s value is reset every time a font change happens and so
+‘\baselineskip’'s value is reset every time a font change happens and so
any direct change to ‘\baselineskip’ would vanish the next time there
was a font switch. For how to influence line spacing, see the
discussion of ‘\baselinestretch’ below.
- Usually, a font’s size and baseline skip is assigned by the font
+ Usually, a font's size and baseline skip is assigned by the font
designer. These numbers are nominal in the sense that if, for instance,
-a font’s style file has the command ‘\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}’ then that
+a font's style file has the command ‘\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}’ then that
does not mean that the characters in the font are 10pt tall; for
instance, parentheses and accented capitals may be taller. Nor does it
mean that if the lines are spaced less than 12pt apart then they risk
@@ -2059,7 +2218,7 @@
The ‘\baselineskip’ is not a property of each line but of the entire
paragraph. As a result, large text in the middle of a paragraph, such
as a single ‘{\Huge Q}’, will be squashed into its line. TeX will make
-sure it doesn’t scrape up against the line above but won’t change the
+sure it doesn't scrape up against the line above but won't change the
‘\baselineskip’ for that one line to make extra room above. For the
fix, use a ‘\strut’ (*note \strut::).
@@ -2080,7 +2239,7 @@
difference. There are two fine points. The first is that if the lines
would be too close together, closer than ‘\lineskiplimit’, then TeX
instead uses ‘\lineskip’ as the interline glue. The second is that TeX
-doesn’t actually use the depth of the previous line. Instead it uses
+doesn't actually use the depth of the previous line. Instead it uses
‘\prevdepth’, which usually contains that depth. But at the beginning
of the paragraph (or any vertical list) or just after a rule,
‘\prevdepth’ has the value -1000pt and this special value tells TeX not
@@ -2105,9 +2264,9 @@
These numbers are rough: for instance, since the ‘\baselineskip’ is
about 1.2 times the font size, multiplying by 1.6 gives a baseline skip
to font size ratio of about 2. (The ‘\linespread’ command is defined as
-‘\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{FACTOR}’ so it also won’t take effect
+‘\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{FACTOR}’ so it also won't take effect
until a font setting happens. But that always takes place at the start
-of a document, so there you don’t need to follow it with ‘\selectfont’.)
+of a document, so there you don't need to follow it with ‘\selectfont’.)
A simpler approach is the ‘setspace’ package. The basic example:
@@ -2161,10 +2320,10 @@
‘book’ classes, is ‘tbp’.
‘t’
- (Top)—at the top of a text page.
+ (Top)--at the top of a text page.
‘b’
- (Bottom)—at the bottom of a text page. (However, ‘b’ is not
+ (Bottom)--at the bottom of a text page. (However, ‘b’ is not
allowed for full-width floats (‘figure*’) with double-column
output. To ameliorate this, use the ‘stfloats’ or ‘dblfloatfix’
package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ:
@@ -2171,17 +2330,17 @@
<https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-2colfloat>.
‘h’
- (Here)—at the position in the text where the ‘figure’ environment
+ (Here)--at the position in the text where the ‘figure’ environment
appears. However, ‘h’ is not allowed by itself; ‘t’ is
automatically added.
- To absolutely force a float to appear “here”, you can
+ To absolutely force a float to appear "here", you can
‘\usepackage{float}’ and use the ‘H’ specifier which it defines.
For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at
<https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-figurehere>.
‘p’
- (Page of floats)—on a separate “float page”, which is a page
+ (Page of floats)--on a separate “float page”, which is a page
containing no text, only floats.
‘!’
@@ -2188,7 +2347,7 @@
Used in addition to one of the above; for this float only, LaTeX
ignores the restrictions on both the number of floats that can
appear and the relative amounts of float and non-float text on the
- page. The ‘!’ specifier does _not_ mean “put the float here”; see
+ page. The ‘!’ specifier does _not_ mean "put the float here"; see
above.
Note: the order in which letters appear in the PLACEMENT argument
@@ -2195,7 +2354,7 @@
does not change the order in which LaTeX tries to place the float; for
instance, ‘btp’ has the same effect as ‘tbp’. All that PLACEMENT does
is that if a letter is not present then the algorithm does not try that
-location. Thus, LaTeX’s default of ‘tbp’ is to try every location
+location. Thus, LaTeX's default of ‘tbp’ is to try every location
except placing the float where it occurs in the source.
To prevent LaTeX from moving floats to the end of the document or a
@@ -2270,10 +2429,10 @@
The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats
<https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-floats> contains suggestions for relaxing
-LaTeX’s default parameters to reduce the problem of floats being pushed
+LaTeX's default parameters to reduce the problem of floats being pushed
to the end. A full explanation of the float placement algorithm is in
-Frank Mittelbach’s article “How to influence the position of float
-environments like figure and table in LaTeX?”
+Frank Mittelbach's article "How to influence the position of float
+environments like figure and table in LaTeX?"
(<https://www.latex-project.org/publications/2014-FMi-TUB-tb111mitt-float-placement.pdf>).
5.7.1 ‘\caption’
@@ -2364,7 +2523,7 @@
‘\subsection{Motivation}’.
The table has each SECTIONING-COMMAND in LaTeX. All are available in
-all of LaTeX’s standard document classes ‘book’, ‘report’,
+all of LaTeX's standard document classes ‘book’, ‘report’,
and ‘article’, except that ‘\chapter’ is not available in ‘article’.
Sectioning unit Command Level
@@ -2395,7 +2554,7 @@
The level number in the table above determines which sectional units
are numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the
-sectioning command’s LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the
+sectioning command's LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the
counter ‘secnumdepth’ then the titles for this sectioning command will
be numbered (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). And, if LEVEL is less
than or equal to the value of the counter ‘tocdepth’ then the table of
@@ -2425,7 +2584,7 @@
‘secnumdepth’ is 1 in an ‘article’ then a ‘\section{Introduction}’
command will produce output like ‘1 Introduction’ while
‘\subsection{Discussion}’ will produce output like ‘Discussion’,
- without the number. LaTeX’s default ‘secnumdepth’ is 3 in
+ without the number. LaTeX's default ‘secnumdepth’ is 3 in
‘article’ class and 2 in the ‘book’ and ‘report’ classes.
‘tocdepth’
@@ -2434,7 +2593,7 @@
sectioning units at LEVEL be the smallest ones listed (*note
\setcounter::). See the above table for the level numbers. For
instance, if ‘tocdepth’ is 1 then the table of contents will list
- sections but not subsections. LaTeX’s default ‘tocdepth’ is 3 in
+ sections but not subsections. LaTeX's default ‘tocdepth’ is 3 in
‘article’ class and 2 in the ‘book’ and ‘report’ classes.
6.1 ‘\part’
@@ -2463,7 +2622,7 @@
type. In class ‘book’, the LaTeX default puts each part alone on its
own page. If the book is two-sided then LaTeX will skip a page if
needed to have the new part on an odd-numbered page. In ‘report’ it is
-again alone on a page, but LaTeX won’t force it onto an odd-numbered
+again alone on a page, but LaTeX won't force it onto an odd-numbered
page. In an ‘article’ LaTeX does not put it on a fresh page, but
instead outputs the part number and part title onto the main document
page.
@@ -2537,7 +2696,7 @@
\chapter[Weyl]{Hermann Klaus Hugo (Peter) Weyl (1885--1955)}
but only ‘Weyl’ on the contents page. This puts a line break in the
-title but that doesn’t work well with running headers so it omits the
+title but that doesn't work well with running headers so it omits the
break in the contents
\chapter[Given it all; my story]{Given it all\\ my story}
@@ -2840,7 +2999,7 @@
Format a ‘book’ class document differently according to which part of
the document is being produced. All three commands are optional.
- Traditionally, a book’s front matter contains such things as the
+ Traditionally, a book's front matter contains such things as the
title page, an abstract, a table of contents, a preface, a list of
notations, a list of figures, and a list of tables. (Some of these
front matter pages, such as the title page, are traditionally not
@@ -2848,7 +3007,7 @@
notes, a bibliography, and an index.
The ‘\frontmatter’ command makes the pages numbered in lowercase
-roman, and makes chapters not numbered, although each chapter’s title
+roman, and makes chapters not numbered, although each chapter's title
appears in the table of contents; if you use other sectioning commands
here, use the ‘*’-version (*note Sectioning::).
@@ -2871,14 +3030,14 @@
Used to help redefine the behavior of commands that start sectioning
divisions such as ‘\section’ or ‘\subsection’.
- Note that the ‘titlesec’ package makes manipulation of sectioning
-easier. Further, while most requirements for sectioning commands can be
+ The ‘titlesec’ package makes manipulation of sectioning easier.
+Further, while most requirements for sectioning commands can be
satisfied with ‘\@startsection’, some cannot. For instance, in the
standard LaTeX ‘book’ and ‘report’ classes the commands ‘\chapter’ and
-‘\report’ are not constructed in this way. To make such a command you
+‘\report’ are not constructed using this. To make such a command you
may want to use the ‘\secdef’ command.
- Technically, ‘\@startsection’ has the form
+ The ‘\@startsection’ macro is used like this:
\@startsection{NAME}
{LEVEL}
@@ -2897,7 +3056,7 @@
{STYLE}}
redefines ‘\section’ while keeping its standard calling form
-‘\section*[TOCTITLE]{TITLE}’ (in which, for reminder, the star ‘*’ is
+‘\section*[TOCTITLE]{TITLE}’ (in which, as a reminder, the star ‘*’ is
optional). *Note Sectioning::. This implies that when you write a
command like ‘\renewcommand{\section}{...}’, the ‘\@startsection{...}’
must come last in the definition. See the examples below.
@@ -2907,7 +3066,7 @@
counter must be defined separately. Most commonly this is either
‘section’, ‘subsection’, or ‘paragraph’. Although in those cases
the counter name is the same as the sectioning command itself, you
- don’t have to use the same name.
+ don't have to use the same name.
Then ‘\the’NAME displays the title number and ‘\’NAME‘mark’ is for
the page headers. See the third example below.
@@ -2920,9 +3079,9 @@
‘secnumdepth’ then titles for this sectioning command will be
numbered (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). For instance, if
‘secnumdepth’ is 1 in an ‘article’ then the command
- ‘\section{Introduction}’ will produce output like “1 Introduction”
+ ‘\section{Introduction}’ will produce output like "1 Introduction"
while ‘\subsection{Discussion}’ will produce output like
- “Discussion”, without the number prefix.
+ "Discussion", without the number prefix.
If LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the counter TOCDEPTH
then the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning
@@ -2938,11 +3097,11 @@
BEFORESKIP
The absolute value of this length is the amount of vertical space
- that is inserted before this sectioning unit’s title. This space
+ that is inserted before this sectioning unit's title. This space
will be discarded if the sectioning unit happens to start at the
beginning of a page. If this number is negative then the first
- paragraph following the header is not indented, if it is
- non-negative then the first paragraph is indented. (Note that the
+ paragraph following the header is not indented; if it is
+ non-negative then the first paragraph is indented. (Example: the
negative of ‘1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt’ is ‘-1pt plus -2pt minus
-3pt’.)
@@ -2954,7 +3113,7 @@
flexibility in making up the page (*note Lengths::).
The full accounting of the vertical space between the baseline of
- the line prior to this sectioning unit’s header and the baseline of
+ the line prior to this sectioning unit's header and the baseline of
the header is that it is the sum of the ‘\parskip’ of the text
font, the ‘\baselineskip’ of the title font, and the absolute value
of the BEFORESKIP. This space is typically rubber so it may
@@ -2965,7 +3124,7 @@
AFTERSKIP
This is a length. If AFTERSKIP is non-negative then this is the
- vertical space inserted after the sectioning unit’s title header.
+ vertical space inserted after the sectioning unit's title header.
If it is negative then the title header becomes a run-in header, so
that it becomes part of the next paragraph. In this case the
absolute value of the length gives the horizontal space between the
@@ -2978,13 +3137,13 @@
flexibility in putting together the page.
If ‘afterskip’ is non-negative then the full accounting of the
- vertical space between the baseline of the sectioning unit’s header
+ vertical space between the baseline of the sectioning unit's header
and the baseline of the first line of the following paragraph is
that it is the sum of the ‘\parskip’ of the title font, the
‘\baselineskip’ of the text font, and the value of AFTER. That
space is typically rubber so it may stretch or shrink. (Note that
because the sign of ‘afterskip’ changes the sectioning unit
- header’s from standalone to run-in, you cannot use a negative
+ header's from standalone to run-in, you cannot use a negative
‘afterskip’ to cancel part of the ‘\parskip’.)
STYLE
@@ -2997,7 +3156,7 @@
STYLE to ‘\bfseries\MakeUppercase’ would produce titles that are
bold and uppercase.
- These are LaTeX’s defaults for the first three sectioning units that
+ These are LaTeX's defaults for the first three sectioning units that
are defined with ‘\@startsection’, for the ‘article’, ‘book’, and
‘report’ classes.
@@ -3021,7 +3180,7 @@
\makeatother::.
This will put section titles in large boldface type, centered. It
-says ‘\renewcommand’ because LaTeX’s standard classes have already
+says ‘\renewcommand’ because LaTeX's standard classes have already
defined a ‘\section’. For the same reason it does not define a
‘section’ counter, or the commands ‘\thesection’ and ‘\l at section’.
@@ -3099,10 +3258,10 @@
old reference information. In both cases, resolve this by compiling the
document a second time.
- The ‘cleveref’ package enhances LaTeX’s cross referencing features.
+ The ‘cleveref’ package enhances LaTeX's cross referencing features.
You can arrange that if you enter
‘\begin{thm}\label{th:Nerode}...\end{thm}’ then ‘\cref{th:Nerode}’ will
-output ‘Theorem 3.21’, without you having to enter the “Theorem.”
+output ‘Theorem 3.21’, without you having to enter the "Theorem."
7.1 ‘\label’
============
@@ -3195,7 +3354,7 @@
Produces the number of the sectional unit, equation, footnote,
figure, ..., of the corresponding ‘\label’ command (*note \label::). It
-does not produce any text, such as the word ‘Section’ or ‘Figure’, just
+does not produce any text, such as the word 'Section' or 'Figure', just
the bare number itself.
If there is no ‘\label{KEY}’ then you get something like ‘LaTeX
@@ -3379,7 +3538,7 @@
is that ‘array’ entries are typeset in math mode, in textstyle (*note
Math styles::) except if the COLS definition specifies the column with
‘p{...}’, which causes the entry to be typeset in text mode. The second
-is that, instead of ‘tabular’’s parameter ‘\tabcolsep’, LaTeX’s
+is that, instead of ‘tabular’'s parameter ‘\tabcolsep’, LaTeX's
intercolumn space in an ‘array’ is governed by ‘\arraycolsep’, which
gives half the width between columns. The default for this is ‘5pt’ so
that between two columns comes 10pt of space.
@@ -3438,7 +3597,7 @@
the School of Environmental Engineering
\end{center}
- In this example, depending on the page’s line width, LaTeX may choose
+ In this example, depending on the page's line width, LaTeX may choose
a line break for the part before the double backslash. If so, it will
center each of the two lines and if not it will center the single line.
Then LaTeX will break at the double backslash, and will center the
@@ -3451,7 +3610,7 @@
\end{center}
A double backslash after the final line is optional. If present it
-doesn’t add any vertical space.
+doesn't add any vertical space.
In a two-column document the text is centered in a column, not in the
entire page.
@@ -3472,7 +3631,7 @@
Center the material in its scope. It is most often used inside an
environment such as ‘figure’, or in a ‘parbox’.
- This example’s ‘\centering’ declaration causes the graphic to be
+ This example's ‘\centering’ declaration causes the graphic to be
horizontally centered.
\begin{figure}
@@ -3484,7 +3643,7 @@
The scope of this ‘\centering’ ends with the ‘\end{figure}’.
Unlike the ‘center’ environment, the ‘\centering’ command does not
-add vertical space above and below the text. That’s its advantage in
+add vertical space above and below the text. That's its advantage in
the above example; there is not an excess of space.
It also does not start a new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX
@@ -3509,7 +3668,7 @@
...
\end{description}
- Environment to make a list of labeled items. Each item’s LABEL is
+ Environment to make a list of labeled items. Each item's LABEL is
typeset in bold and is flush left, so that long labels continue into the
first line of the item text. There must be at least one item; having
none causes the LaTeX error ‘Something's wrong--perhaps a missing
@@ -3584,10 +3743,10 @@
unique.
The construct ‘$$MATH$$’ from Plain TeX is sometimes used as a
-synonym for LaTeX’s ‘displaymath’. It is not a synonym, and is not
-officially supported in LaTeX at all; ‘$$’ doesn’t support the ‘fleqn’
+synonym for LaTeX's ‘displaymath’. It is not a synonym, and is not
+officially supported in LaTeX at all; ‘$$’ doesn't support the ‘fleqn’
option (*note Document class options::), has different vertical spacing,
-and doesn’t perform consistency checks.
+and doesn't perform consistency checks.
The output from this example is centered and alone on its line.
@@ -3671,7 +3830,7 @@
Enumerations may be nested within other ‘enumerate’ environments, or
within any paragraph-making environment such as ‘itemize’ (*note
-itemize::), up to four levels deep. This gives LaTeX’s default for the
+itemize::), up to four levels deep. This gives LaTeX's default for the
format at each nesting level, where 1 is the top level, the outermost
level.
@@ -3708,7 +3867,7 @@
The ‘eqnarray’ environment is obsolete. It has infelicities, including
spacing that is inconsistent with other mathematics elements. (See
-“Avoid eqnarray!” by Lars Madsen
+"Avoid eqnarray!" by Lars Madsen
<https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb33-1/tb103madsen.pdf>). New documents should
include the ‘amsmath’ package and use the displayed mathematics
environments provided there, such as the ‘align’ environment. We
@@ -3799,7 +3958,7 @@
Figures are for material that is not part of the normal text. An
example is material that you cannot have split between two pages, such
as a graphic. Because of this, LaTeX does not typeset figures in
-sequence with normal text but instead “floats” them to a convenient
+sequence with normal text but instead "floats" them to a convenient
place, such as the top of a following page (*note Floats::).
The FIGURE BODY can consist of imported graphics (*note Graphics::),
@@ -3948,7 +4107,7 @@
Unlike the ‘flushleft’ environment, the ‘\raggedright’ command does
not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
-units. To affect a paragraph unit’s format, the scope of the
+units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or ‘\end’ command that ends the
paragraph unit.
@@ -4001,13 +4160,12 @@
Unlike the ‘flushright’ environment, the ‘\raggedleft’ command does
not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
-units. To affect a paragraph unit’s format, the scope of the
+units. To affect a paragraph unit's formatting, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or ‘\end’ command that ends the
paragraph unit.
- For an example related to this environment, see *note \raggedright::,
-where one just have mutatis mutandis to replace ‘\raggedright’ by
-‘\raggedleft’.
+ *Note \raggedright::, for an example related to this environment;
+just replace ‘\raggedright’ there by ‘\raggedleft’.
8.14 ‘itemize’
==============
@@ -4031,8 +4189,8 @@
\item Rice portrait
\end{itemize}
-With the default locale—without loading e.g. ‘babel’ package with
-another language than USenglish—as a top-level list each label would
+With the default locale--without loading e.g. ‘babel’ package with
+another language than USenglish--as a top-level list each label would
come out as a bullet, •. The format of the labeling depends on the
nesting level; see below.
@@ -4093,8 +4251,9 @@
\newenvironment{itemize*}%
{\begin{itemize}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
- \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
- \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
+ \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
+ }%
{\end{itemize}}
8.15 ‘letter’ environment: writing letters
@@ -4189,7 +4348,7 @@
‘\itemsep’
Vertical space between items, beyond the ‘\parsep’. The defaults
- for the first three levels in LaTeX’s ‘article’, ‘book’, and
+ for the first three levels in LaTeX's ‘article’, ‘book’, and
‘report’ classes at 10 point size are: ‘4pt plus2pt minus1pt’,
‘\parsep’ (that is, ‘2pt plus1pt minus1pt’), and ‘\topsep’ (that
is, ‘2pt plus1pt minus1pt’). The defaults at 11 point are: ‘4.5pt
@@ -4201,7 +4360,7 @@
‘\labelsep’
Horizontal space between the label and text of an item. The
- default for LaTeX’s ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’ classes is
+ default for LaTeX's ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’ classes is
‘0.5em’.
‘\labelwidth’
@@ -4209,7 +4368,7 @@
wide. If ‘\makelabel’ returns text that is wider than this then
the first line of the item will be indented to make room for this
extra material. If ‘\makelabel’ returns text of width less than or
- equal to ‘\labelwidth’ then LaTeX’s default is that the label is
+ equal to ‘\labelwidth’ then LaTeX's default is that the label is
typeset flush right in a box of this width.
The left edge of the label box is
@@ -4216,11 +4375,11 @@
‘\leftmargin’+‘\itemindent’-‘\labelsep’-‘\labelwidth’ from the left
margin of the enclosing environment.
- The default for LaTeX’s ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’ classes at
+ The default for LaTeX's ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’ classes at
the top level is ‘\leftmargini’-‘\labelsep’, (which is ‘2em’ in one
column mode and ‘1.5em’ in two column mode). At the second level
it is ‘\leftmarginii’-‘\labelsep’, and at the third level it is
- ‘\leftmarginiii’-‘\labelsep’. These definitions make the label’s
+ ‘\leftmarginiii’-‘\labelsep’. These definitions make the label's
left edge coincide with the left margin of the enclosing
environment.
@@ -4236,7 +4395,7 @@
‘\leftmarginvi’. (Nesting greater than level five generates the
error message ‘Too deeply nested’.)
- The defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX’s ‘article’,
+ The defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX's ‘article’,
‘book’, and ‘report’ classes are: ‘\leftmargini’ is ‘2.5em’ (in two
column mode, ‘2em’), ‘\leftmarginii’ is ‘2.2em’, and
‘\leftmarginiii’ is ‘1.87em’.
@@ -4244,12 +4403,12 @@
‘\listparindent’
Horizontal space of additional line indentation, beyond
‘\leftmargin’, for second and subsequent paragraphs within a list
- item. A negative value makes this an “outdent”. Its default value
+ item. A negative value makes this an "outdent". Its default value
is ‘0pt’.
‘\parsep’
Vertical space between paragraphs within an item. The defaults for
- the first three levels in LaTeX’s ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’
+ the first three levels in LaTeX's ‘article’, ‘book’, and ‘report’
classes at 10 point size are: ‘4pt plus2pt minus1pt’, ‘2pt plus1pt
minus1pt’, and ‘0pt’. The defaults at 11 point size are: ‘4.5pt
plus2pt minus1pt’, ‘2pt plus1pt minus1pt’, and ‘0pt’. The defaults
@@ -4263,7 +4422,7 @@
changes spacing at both the top and bottom of the list; whether the
line following the list is blank does not matter.)
- The defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX’s ‘article’,
+ The defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX's ‘article’,
‘book’, and ‘report’ classes at 10 point size are: ‘2pt plus1
minus1pt’, ‘2pt plus1pt minus1pt’, and ‘1pt plus0pt minus1pt’. The
defaults at 11 point are: ‘3pt plus1pt minus1pt’, ‘3pt plus1pt
@@ -4279,7 +4438,7 @@
‘\topsep’
Vertical space added to both the top and bottom of the list, in
addition to ‘\parskip’ (*note \parindent & \parskip::). The
- defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX’s ‘article’, ‘book’,
+ defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX's ‘article’, ‘book’,
and ‘report’ classes at 10 point size are: ‘8pt plus2pt minus4pt’,
‘4pt plus2pt minus1pt’, and ‘2pt plus1pt minus1pt’. The defaults
at 11 point are: ‘9pt plus3pt minus5pt’, ‘4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt’,
@@ -4345,11 +4504,11 @@
H5
‘\rightmargin’
- The list’s left and right margins, shown above as H3 and H5, are with
+ The list's left and right margins, shown above as H3 and H5, are with
respect to the ones provided by the surrounding environment, or with
respect to the page margins for a top-level list. The line width used
for typesetting the list items is ‘\linewidth’ (*note Page layout
-parameters::). For instance, set the list’s left margin to be one
+parameters::). For instance, set the list's left margin to be one
quarter of the distance between the left and right margins of the
enclosing environment with ‘\setlength{\leftmargin}{0.25\linewidth}’.
@@ -4442,7 +4601,7 @@
A restricted version of the list environment, in which margins are
not indented and an ‘\item’ without an optional argument produces no
text. It is most often used in macros, to define an environment where
-the ‘\item’ command is part of the environment’s definition. For
+the ‘\item’ command is part of the environment's definition. For
instance, the ‘center’ environment is defined essentially like this:
\newenvironment{center}
@@ -4531,11 +4690,11 @@
‘t’
Align the baseline of the top line in the ‘minipage’ with the
- baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX’s ‘\vtop’).
+ baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX's ‘\vtop’).
‘b’
Align the baseline of the bottom line in the ‘minipage’ with the
- baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX’s ‘\vbox’).
+ baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX's ‘\vbox’).
To see the effects of these, contrast running this
@@ -4547,7 +4706,7 @@
The optional argument HEIGHT is a rigid length (*note Lengths::). It
sets the height of the ‘minipage’. You can enter any value larger than,
-or equal to, or smaller than the ‘minipage’’s natural height and LaTeX
+or equal to, or smaller than the ‘minipage’'s natural height and LaTeX
will not give an error or warning. You can also set it to a height of
zero or a negative value.
@@ -4569,7 +4728,7 @@
stretchable space.
The INNER-POS argument makes sense when the HEIGHT option is set to a
-value larger than the ‘minipage’’s natural height. To see the effect of
+value larger than the ‘minipage’'s natural height. To see the effect of
the options, run this example with the various choices in place of ‘b’.
Text before
@@ -4652,7 +4811,7 @@
PICTURE COMMAND
\end{picture}
-Where there may be any number of PICTURE COMMAND’s.
+Where there may be any number of PICTURE COMMAND's.
An environment to create simple pictures containing lines, arrows,
boxes, circles, and text. This environment is not obsolete, but new
@@ -4660,7 +4819,7 @@
such as TikZ, PSTricks, MetaPost, or Asymptote. None of these are
covered in this document; see CTAN.
- To start, here’s an example showing the parallelogram law for adding
+ To start, here's an example showing the parallelogram law for adding
vectors.
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
@@ -4678,7 +4837,7 @@
‘\unitlength’ to get the nominal size of the output, i.e. the space that
LaTeX reserves on the output page. This nominal size need not be how
large the picture really is; LaTeX will draw things from the picture
-outside the picture’s box.
+outside the picture's box.
This environment also has an optional argument (XOFFSET,YOFFSET). It
is used to shift the origin. Unlike most optional arguments, this one
@@ -4692,7 +4851,7 @@
\begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
produces a box of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters. The
-picture’s origin is the point (10mm,20mm) and so the lower-left corner
+picture's origin is the point (10mm,20mm) and so the lower-left corner
is there, and the upper-right corner is at (110mm,220mm). When you
first draw a picture you typically omit the optional argument, leaving
the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your
@@ -4707,7 +4866,7 @@
‘\unitlength’ has been set to ‘1cm’, then the coordinate ‘2.54’
specifies a length of 2.54 centimeters.
- LaTeX’s default for ‘\unitlength’ is ‘1pt’. It is a rigid length
+ LaTeX's default for ‘\unitlength’ is ‘1pt’. It is a rigid length
(*note Lengths::). Change it with the ‘\setlength’ command (*note
\setlength::). Make this change only outside of a ‘picture’
environment.
@@ -4763,7 +4922,7 @@
The red X will be precisely a quarter of the ‘\textwidth’ from the left
margin, and ‘0.35\textwidth’ up from the bottom of the picture. Another
example of this usage is to put similar code in the page header to get
-repeat material on each of a document’s pages.
+repeat material on each of a document's pages.
8.19.1 ‘\put’
-------------
@@ -4824,8 +4983,8 @@
\qbezier(1,1)(1.25,0.75)(1,0)
-The curve’s tangent line at (1,1) contains (1.25,0.75), as does the
-curve’s tangent line at (1,0).
+The curve's tangent line at (1,1) contains (1.25,0.75), as does the
+curve's tangent line at (1,0).
The optional argument NUM gives the number of calculated intermediate
points. The default is to draw a smooth curve whose maximum number of
@@ -4854,7 +5013,7 @@
\graphpaper(X_INIT,Y_INIT)(X_DIMEN,Y_DIMEN)
\graphpaper[SPACING](X_INIT,Y_INIT)(X_DIMEN,Y_DIMEN)
- Draw a coordinate grid. Requires the ‘graphpap’ package. The grid’s
+ Draw a coordinate grid. Requires the ‘graphpap’ package. The grid's
origin is ‘(X_INIT,Y_INIT)’. Grid lines come every SPACING units (the
default is 10). The grid extends X_DIMEN units to the right and Y_DIMEN
units up. All arguments must be positive integers.
@@ -4878,8 +5037,8 @@
\line(X_RUN,Y_RISE){TRAVEL}
Draw a line. It slopes such that it vertically rises Y_RISE for
-every horizontal X_RUN. The TRAVEL is the total horizontal change—it is
-not the length of the vector, it is the change in x. In the special
+every horizontal X_RUN. The TRAVEL is the total horizontal change--it
+is not the length of the vector, it is the change in x. In the special
case of vertical lines, where (X_RUN,Y_RISE)=(0,1), the TRAVEL gives the
change in y.
@@ -4895,8 +5054,8 @@
The arguments X_RUN and Y_RISE are integers that can be positive,
negative, or zero. (If both are 0 then LaTeX treats the second as 1.)
With ‘\put(X_INIT,Y_INIT){\line(X_RUN,Y_RISE){TRAVEL}}’, if X_RUN is
-negative then the line’s ending point has a first coordinate that is
-less than X_INIT. If Y_RISE is negative then the line’s ending point
+negative then the line's ending point has a first coordinate that is
+less than X_INIT. If Y_RISE is negative then the line's ending point
has a second coordinate that is less than Y_INIT.
If TRAVEL is negative then you get ‘LaTeX Error: Bad \line or \vector
@@ -5040,7 +5199,7 @@
heights and depths either by putting in the usual interline spacing with
‘\shortstack{X\\ \strut o\\o\\X}’ (*note \strut::), or explicitly, via
an zero-width box ‘\shortstack{X \\ \rule{0pt}{12pt} o\\o\\X}’ or by
-using ‘\\’’s optional argument ‘\shortstack{X\\[2pt] o\\o\\X}’.
+using ‘\\’'s optional argument ‘\shortstack{X\\[2pt] o\\o\\X}’.
The ‘\shortstack’ command is also available outside the ‘picture’
environment.
@@ -5054,7 +5213,7 @@
Draw a line ending in an arrow. The slope of that line is: it
vertically rises Y_RISE for every horizontal X_RUN. The TRAVEL is the
-total horizontal change—it is not the length of the vector, it is the
+total horizontal change--it is not the length of the vector, it is the
change in x. In the special case of vertical vectors, if
(X_RUN,Y_RISE)=(0,1), then TRAVEL gives the change in y.
@@ -5177,7 +5336,7 @@
\put(0,0){\dashbox{0.1}(5,0.5){My hovercraft is full of eels.}}
-Each dash will be ‘0.1\unitlength’ long, the box’s width is
+Each dash will be ‘0.1\unitlength’ long, the box's width is
‘5\unitlength’ and its height is ‘0.5\unitlength’.
As in that example, a dashed box looks best when RECT-WIDTH and
@@ -5301,12 +5460,12 @@
Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column,
i.e., everything from the most recent ‘\>’, ‘\<’, ‘\'’, ‘\\’, or
‘\kill’ command, to the previous column and aligned to the right,
- flush against the current column’s tab stop.
+ flush against the current column's tab stop.
‘\` (tabbing)’
Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including
- tab stop 0. However, it can’t move text to the right of the last
- column because there’s no tab stop there. The ‘\`’ command moves
+ tab stop 0. However, it can't move text to the right of the last
+ column because there's no tab stop there. The ‘\`’ command moves
all the text that follows it, up to the ‘\\’ or ‘\end{tabbing}’
command that ends the line, to the right margin of the ‘tabbing’
environment. There must be no ‘\>’ or ‘\'’ command between the
@@ -5449,7 +5608,7 @@
\end{tabular}
The output will have two left-aligned columns with a vertical bar
-between them. This is specified in ‘tabular’’s argument ‘{l|l}’. Put
+between them. This is specified in ‘tabular’'s argument ‘{l|l}’. Put
the entries into different columns by separating them with an ampersand,
‘&’. The end of each row is marked with a double backslash, ‘\\’. Put
a horizontal rule below a row, after a double backslash, with ‘\hline’.
@@ -5459,7 +5618,7 @@
The required and optional arguments to ‘tabular’ consist of:
POS
- Optional. Specifies the table’s vertical position. The default is
+ Optional. Specifies the table's vertical position. The default is
to align the table so its vertical center matches the baseline of
the surrounding text. There are two other possible alignments: ‘t’
aligns the table so its top row matches the baseline of the
@@ -5492,7 +5651,7 @@
(*note \protect::).
If between two column specifiers there is no @-expression then
- LaTeX’s ‘book’, ‘article’, and ‘report’ classes will put on
+ LaTeX's ‘book’, ‘article’, and ‘report’ classes will put on
either side of each column a space of width ‘\tabcolsep’,
which by default is 6pt. That is, by default adjacent columns
are separated by 12pt (so ‘\tabcolsep’ is misleadingly named
@@ -5626,7 +5785,7 @@
‘\begin{tabular}{|r|ccp{1.5in}|}’ the parts are ‘|r|’, ‘c’, ‘c’,
and ‘p{1.5in}|’.
- The COLS argument overrides the ‘array’ or ‘tabular’ environment’s
+ The COLS argument overrides the ‘array’ or ‘tabular’ environment's
intercolumn area default adjoining this multicolumn entry. To affect
that area, this argument can contain vertical bars ‘|’ indicating the
placement of vertical rules, and ‘@{...}’ expressions. Thus if COLS is
@@ -5647,7 +5806,7 @@
although the first COLS does not have an ending vertical bar, the second
COLS does have a starting one. Between entry two and entry three there
is a single vertical rule; despite that the COLS in both of the
-surrounding ‘multicolumn’’s call for a vertical rule, you only get one
+surrounding ‘multicolumn’'s call for a vertical rule, you only get one
rule. Between entry three and entry four there is no vertical rule; the
default calls for one but the COLS in the entry three ‘\multicolumn’
leaves it out, and that takes precedence. Finally, following entry four
@@ -5655,7 +5814,7 @@
The number of spanned columns NUMCOLS can be 1. Besides giving the
ability to change the horizontal alignment, this also is useful to
-override for one row the ‘tabular’ definition’s default intercolumn area
+override for one row the ‘tabular’ definition's default intercolumn area
specification, including the placement of vertical rules.
In the example below, in the ‘tabular’ definition the first column is
@@ -5676,25 +5835,25 @@
Although the ‘tabular’ specification by default puts a vertical rule
between the first and second columns, no such vertical rule appears in
-the first row here. That’s because there is no vertical bar in the COLS
-part of the first row’s first ‘\multicolumn’ command.
+the first row here. That's because there is no vertical bar in the COLS
+part of the first row's first ‘\multicolumn’ command.
8.23.2 ‘\vline’
---------------
Draw a vertical line in a ‘tabular’ or ‘array’ environment extending the
-full height and depth of an entry’s row. Can also be used in an
+full height and depth of an entry's row. Can also be used in an
@-expression, although its synonym vertical bar ‘|’ is more common.
-This command is rarely used in the body of a table; typically a table’s
-vertical lines are specified in ‘tabular’’s COLS argument and overridden
+This command is rarely used in the body of a table; typically a table's
+vertical lines are specified in ‘tabular’'s COLS argument and overridden
as needed with ‘\multicolumn’ (*note tabular::).
- The example below illustrates some pitfalls. In the first row’s
+ The example below illustrates some pitfalls. In the first row's
second entry the ‘\hfill’ moves the ‘\vline’ to the left edge of the
cell. But that is different than putting it halfway between the two
columns, so between the first and second columns there are two vertical
rules, with the one from the ‘{c|cc}’ specifier coming before the one
-produced by the ‘\vline\hfill’. In contrast, the first row’s third
+produced by the ‘\vline\hfill’. In contrast, the first row's third
entry shows the usual way to put a vertical bar between two columns. In
the second row, the ‘ghi’ is the widest entry in its column so in the
‘\vline\hfill’ the ‘\hfill’ has no effect and the vertical line in that
@@ -5731,13 +5890,13 @@
---------------
Draw a horizontal line the width of the enclosing ‘tabular’ or ‘array’
-environment. It’s most commonly used to draw a line at the top, bottom,
+environment. It's most commonly used to draw a line at the top, bottom,
and between the rows of a table.
In this example the top of the table has two horizontal rules, one
above the other, that span both columns. The bottom of the table has a
single rule spanning both columns. Because of the ‘\hline’, the
-‘tabular’ second row’s line ending double backslash ‘\\’ is required.
+‘tabular’ second row's line ending double backslash ‘\\’ is required.
\begin{tabular}{ll} \hline\hline
Baseball &Red Sox \\
@@ -5789,7 +5948,7 @@
To change it there are two cases. In the ‘book’ and ‘report’ classes,
where the top level sectioning is ‘\chapter’ and the default title is
‘Bibliography’, that title is in the macro ‘\bibname’. For ‘article’,
-where the class’s top level sectioning is ‘\section’ and the default is
+where the class's top level sectioning is ‘\section’ and the default is
‘References’, the title is in macro ‘\refname’. Change it by redefining
the command, as with ‘\renewcommand{\refname}{Cited references}’, after
‘\begin{document}’.
@@ -5930,7 +6089,7 @@
BibTeX program. This is only an introduction; see the full
documentation on CTAN (*note CTAN::).
- With BibTeX, you don’t use the ‘thebibliography’ environment directly
+ With BibTeX, you don't use the ‘thebibliography’ environment directly
(*note thebibliography::). Instead, include these lines:
\bibliographystyle{BIBSTYLE}
@@ -5937,7 +6096,7 @@
\bibliography{BIBFILE1, BIBFILE2, ...}
The BIBSTYLE refers to a file ‘BIBSTYLE.bst’, which defines how your
-citations will look. The standard BIBSTYLE’s distributed with BibTeX
+citations will look. The standard BIBSTYLE's distributed with BibTeX
are:
‘alpha’
@@ -5976,7 +6135,7 @@
}
Only the bibliographic entries referred to via ‘\cite’ and ‘\nocite’
-will be listed in the document’s bibliography. Thus you can keep all
+will be listed in the document's bibliography. Thus you can keep all
your sources together in one file, or a small number of files, and rely
on BibTeX to include in this document only those that you used.
@@ -6112,16 +6271,18 @@
when the macro was called. However, the ‘cprotect’ package can help
with this.
- One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. There
-are packages that are an improvement the ‘verbatim’ environment. For
-instance, one improvement is to allow the verbatim inclusion of external
-files, or parts of those files. Such packages include ‘listings’, and
-‘minted’.
+ One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. Some
+packages offer many features not provided by the ‘verbatim’ environment;
+two of the most popular are ‘listings’ and ‘minted’. For example, they
+are capable of pretty-printing, line numbering, and selecting parts of
+files for a continuing listing.
A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments
is ‘fancyvrb’. Another is ‘verbatimbox’.
- For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (*note CTAN::).
+ For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (*note CTAN::),
+particularly the topics ‘listing’ (<https://ctan.org/topic/listing>) and
+‘verbatim’ (<https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim>).
8.27.1 ‘\verb’
--------------
@@ -6143,9 +6304,9 @@
point, ‘!’. The second instead uses plus, ‘+’, because the exclamation
point is part of ‘literal-text’.
- The single-character delimiter CHAR surrounds LITERAL-TEXT—it must be
-the same character before and after. No spaces come between ‘\verb’ or
-‘\verb*’ and CHAR, or between CHAR and LITERAL-TEXT, or between
+ The single-character delimiter CHAR surrounds LITERAL-TEXT--it must
+be the same character before and after. No spaces come between ‘\verb’
+or ‘\verb*’ and CHAR, or between CHAR and LITERAL-TEXT, or between
LITERAL-TEXT and the second occurrence of CHAR (the synopsis shows a
space only to distinguish one component from the other). The delimiter
must not appear in LITERAL-TEXT. The LITERAL-TEXT cannot include a line
@@ -6162,9 +6323,6 @@
For typesetting Internet addresses, urls, the package ‘url’ is a
better option than the ‘\verb’ command, since it allows line breaks.
- For computer code there are many packages with advantages over
-‘\verb’. One is ‘listings’, another is ‘minted’.
-
You cannot use ‘\verb’ in the argument to a macro, for instance in
the argument to a ‘\section’. It is not a question of ‘\verb’ being
fragile (*note \protect::), instead it just cannot work, as the ‘\verb’
@@ -6187,7 +6345,7 @@
An environment for poetry.
- Here are two lines from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
+ Here are two lines from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Then plainly know my heart's dear love is set \\
On the fair daughter of rich Capulet.
@@ -6253,8 +6411,8 @@
two lines, by issuing a ‘\nobreak’.
Explicit line breaks in the main text body are unusual in LaTeX. In
-particular, don’t start new paragraphs with ‘\\’. Instead leave a blank
-line between the two paragraphs. And don’t put in a sequence of ‘\\’’s
+particular, don't start new paragraphs with ‘\\’. Instead leave a blank
+line between the two paragraphs. And don't put in a sequence of ‘\\’'s
to make vertical space. Instead use ‘\vspace{LENGTH}’, or
‘\leavevmode\vspace{LENGTH}’, or ‘\vspace*{LENGTH}’ if you want the
space to not be thrown out at the top of a new page (*note \vspace::).
@@ -6300,7 +6458,7 @@
This is not the way to show verbatim text or computer code. Use
‘verbatim’ (*note verbatim::) instead.
- With LaTeX’s usual defaults, this
+ With LaTeX's usual defaults, this
aaa
bbb
@@ -6414,12 +6572,12 @@
here then TeX puts NO-BREAK.
In ‘difficult’ the three letters ‘ffi’ form a ligature. But TeX can
-nonetheless break between the two ‘f’’s with this.
+nonetheless break between the two ‘f’'s with this.
di\discretionary{f-}{fi}{ffi}cult
Note that users do not have to do this. It is typically handled
-automatically by TeX’s hyphenation algorithm.
+automatically by TeX's hyphenation algorithm.
9.7 ‘\fussy’ & ‘\sloppy’
========================
@@ -6522,7 +6680,7 @@
final version of a document, then you may need to understand how to
influence its actions.
- LaTeX’s algorithm for splitting a document into pages is more complex
+ LaTeX's algorithm for splitting a document into pages is more complex
than just waiting until there is enough material to fill a page and
outputting the result. Instead, LaTeX typesets more material than would
fit on the page and then chooses a break that is optimal in some way (it
@@ -6537,9 +6695,9 @@
uses available vertical shrinkage to fit on a page not just the header
for a new section but also the first two lines of that section.
- But LaTeX does not optimize over the entire document’s set of page
+ But LaTeX does not optimize over the entire document's set of page
breaks. So it can happen that the first page break is great but the
-second one is lousy; to break the current page LaTeX doesn’t look as far
+second one is lousy; to break the current page LaTeX doesn't look as far
ahead as the next page break. So occasionally you may want to influence
page breaks while preparing a final version of a document.
@@ -6564,7 +6722,7 @@
a blank page. The ‘\clearpage’ command is robust while
‘\cleardoublepage’ is fragile (*note \protect::).
- LaTeX’s page breaks are optimized so ordinarily you only use this
+ LaTeX's page breaks are optimized so ordinarily you only use this
command in a document body to polish the final version, or inside
commands.
@@ -6578,7 +6736,7 @@
{\pagestyle{empty}\origdoublepage}%
}
-If you want LaTeX’s standard ‘\chapter’ command to do this then add the
+If you want LaTeX's standard ‘\chapter’ command to do this then add the
line ‘\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage’. (Of course this
affects all uses of ‘\cleardoublepage’, not just the one in ‘\chapter’.)
@@ -6596,7 +6754,7 @@
End the current page. This command is robust (*note \protect::).
- LaTeX’s page breaks are optimized so ordinarily you only use this
+ LaTeX's page breaks are optimized so ordinarily you only use this
command in a document body to polish the final version, or inside
commands.
@@ -6665,7 +6823,7 @@
that another spot might be preferable. The higher the number, the more
insistent the request. Both commands are fragile (*note \protect::).
- LaTeX’s page endings are optimized so ordinarily you only use these
+ LaTeX's page endings are optimized so ordinarily you only use these
commands in a document body to polish the final version, or inside
commands.
@@ -6718,7 +6876,8 @@
\footnote{TEXT}
\footnote[NUMBER]{TEXT}
- Place a footnote TEXT at the bottom of the current page.
+ Place a footnote TEXT at the bottom of the current page, with a
+footnote marker at the current position in the text.
There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
\textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{%
@@ -6743,12 +6902,16 @@
‘\footnoterule’
Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
- page’s footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document
- classes (except ‘slides’, where it does not appear) is: vertical
+ page's footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document
+ classes (except ‘slides’, where it does not appear) are: vertical
thickness of ‘0.4pt’, and horizontal size of ‘0.4\columnwidth’
long. Change the rule with something like this.
- \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns avoid vertical space
+ % \footnoterule is expanded in vertical mode, thus \kern
+ % commands ensure that no vertical space is created,
+ % and the rule is separated vertically with 2pt
+ % above the note text.
+ \renewcommand*{\footnoterule}{%
\kern -3pt % This -3 is negative
\hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % of the sum of this 1
\kern 2pt} % and this 2
@@ -6763,7 +6926,7 @@
The ‘\footnote’ command is fragile (*note \protect::).
- LaTeX’s default puts many restrictions on where you can use a
+ LaTeX's default puts many restrictions on where you can use a
‘\footnote’; for instance, you cannot use it in an argument to a
sectioning command such as ‘\chapter’ (it can only be used in outer
paragraph mode; *note Modes::). There are some workarounds; see
@@ -6801,7 +6964,8 @@
If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value
of the number of the common mark. This example gives the same
institutional affiliation to both the first and third authors (‘\thanks’
-is a version of ‘\footnote’), by-hand giving the number of the footnote.
+is a version of ‘\footnote’), by explicitly specifying the number of the
+footnote (‘1’).
\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
\author{J Moriarty\thanks{University of Leeds}
@@ -6810,6 +6974,17 @@
\begin{document}
\maketitle
+ This example accomplishes the same by using the package ‘cleveref’.
+
+ \usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % in preamble
+ \crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
+ ...
+ The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker, Evers, 1994.}
+ The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers, Chance, 1990.}
+ But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
+
+ It will work with the package ‘hyperref’.
+
This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third
sentence is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
@@ -6821,17 +6996,6 @@
Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
- This example accomplishes the same by using the package ‘cleveref’.
-
- \usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % in preamble
- \crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
- ...
- The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker, Evers, 1994.}
- The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers, Chance, 1990.}
- But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
-
- It will work with the package ‘hyperref’.
-
11.3 ‘\footnotetext’
====================
@@ -6859,7 +7023,7 @@
section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way to
have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
-argument to ‘\section’
+argument to ‘\section’.
\section[Please]{Please\footnote{%
Don't footnote in chapter and section headers!}}
@@ -6942,7 +7106,7 @@
Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of
footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package
-‘bigfoot’ extends LaTeX’s default footnote mechanism in many ways,
+‘bigfoot’ extends LaTeX's default footnote mechanism in many ways,
including allow these two, as in this example.
\usepackage{bigfoot} % in preamble
@@ -7129,7 +7293,7 @@
simply print ‘Hello!’ (if you use the Emacs info viewer, turn on the
‘whitespace-mode’ minor mode to see the trailing spaces):
- Hel\relax
+ Hel\relax
lo!
This is because blanks after ‘\relax’, including the newline, are
@@ -7187,7 +7351,7 @@
command name can also consist of a category 0 character followed by a
single non-letter symbol).
- LaTeX’s source code has the convention that some commands use ‘@’ in
+ LaTeX's source code has the convention that some commands use ‘@’ in
their name. These commands are mainly intended for package or class
writers. The convention prevents authors who are just using a package
or class from accidentally replacing such a command with one of their
@@ -7195,7 +7359,7 @@
Use the pair ‘\makeatletter’ and ‘\makeatother’ inside a ‘.tex’ file,
typically in the preamble, when you are defining or redefining commands
-named with ‘@’, by having them surround your definition. Don’t use
+named with ‘@’, by having them surround your definition. Don't use
these inside ‘.sty’ or ‘.cls’ files since the ‘\usepackage’ and
‘\documentclass’ commands already arrange that the at-sign has the
character code of a letter, catcode 11.
@@ -7254,7 +7418,7 @@
\makeatother
In the next example, the starred variant takes a different number of
-arguments than the unstarred one. With this definition, Agent 007’s
+arguments than the unstarred one. With this definition, Agent 007's
‘``My name is \agentsecret*{Bond}, \agentsecret{James}{Bond}.''’ is
equivalent to entering the commands ‘``My name is \textsc{Bond},
\textit{James} textsc{Bond}.''’
@@ -7464,7 +7628,7 @@
to redefine an environment and the name has not yet been used then you
get something like ‘LaTeX Error: Environment hank undefined.’.
- This example gives an environment like LaTeX’s ‘quotation’ except
+ This example gives an environment like LaTeX's ‘quotation’ except
that it will be set in smaller type.
\newenvironment{smallquote}{%
@@ -7491,7 +7655,7 @@
\end{quotation}
}
-The author’s name is optional, and defaults to ‘Shakespeare’. In the
+The author's name is optional, and defaults to ‘Shakespeare’. In the
document, use the environment like this.
\begin{citequote}[Lincoln]
@@ -7557,7 +7721,7 @@
NUMBERED_WITHIN
Optional; the name of an already defined counter, usually a
sectional unit such as ‘chapter’ or ‘section’. When the
- NUMBERED_WITHIN counter is reset then the NAME environment’s
+ NUMBERED_WITHIN counter is reset then the NAME environment's
counter will also be reset.
If this optional argument is not used then the command ‘\theNAME’
@@ -7585,7 +7749,7 @@
\end{defn}
This example has the same document body as the prior one. But here
-‘\newtheorem’’s optional argument NUMBERED_WITHIN is given as ‘section’,
+‘\newtheorem’'s optional argument NUMBERED_WITHIN is given as ‘section’,
so the output is like ‘Definition 1.1’ and ‘Definition 2.1’.
\newtheorem{defn}{Definition}[section]
@@ -7641,9 +7805,9 @@
The FONT DESCRIPTION consists of a FONTNAME and an optional “at
clause”. LaTeX will look on your system for a file named
‘FONTNAME.tfm’. The at clause can have the form either ‘at DIMEN’ or
-‘scaled FACTOR’, where a FACTOR of ‘1000’ means no scaling. For LaTeX’s
+‘scaled FACTOR’, where a FACTOR of ‘1000’ means no scaling. For LaTeX's
purposes, all this does is scale all the character and other font
-dimensions relative to the font’s design size, which is a value defined
+dimensions relative to the font's design size, which is a value defined
in the ‘.tfm’ file.
This defines two equivalent fonts and typesets a few characters in
@@ -7658,54 +7822,60 @@
================
All LaTeX commands are either “fragile” or “robust”. A fragile command
-can break when it is used in the argument to certain other commands.
-Commands that contain data that LaTeX writes to an auxiliary file and
-re-reads later are fragile. This includes material that goes into a
-table of contents, list of figures, list of tables, etc. Fragile
-commands also include line breaks, any command that has an optional
-argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from breaking, one
-solution is to preceded them with the command ‘\protect’.
+can break when it is used in the argument to certain other commands,
+typically those that write material to the table of contents, the
+cross-reference file, etc. To prevent fragile commands from causing
+errors, one solution is to precede them with the command ‘\protect’.
For example, when LaTeX runs the ‘\section{SECTION NAME}’ command it
writes the SECTION NAME text to the ‘.aux’ auxiliary file, moving it
there for use elsewhere in the document such as in the table of
-contents. Any argument that is internally expanded by LaTeX without
-typesetting it directly is referred to as a “moving argument”. A
-command is fragile if it can expand during this process into invalid TeX
-code. Some examples of moving arguments are those that appear in the
-‘\caption{...}’ command (*note figure::), in the ‘\thanks{...}’ command
-(*note \maketitle::), and in @-expressions in the ‘tabular’ and ‘array’
-environments (*note tabular::).
+contents. Such an argument that is used in multiple places is referred
+to as a “moving argument”. A command is fragile if it can expand during
+this process into invalid TeX code. Some examples of moving arguments
+are those that appear in the ‘\caption{...}’ command (*note figure::),
+in the ‘\thanks{...}’ command (*note \maketitle::), and in @-expressions
+in the ‘tabular’ and ‘array’ environments (*note tabular::).
If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with ‘\protect’. Every fragile commands must be protected
+preceding it with ‘\protect’. Each fragile command must be protected
with their own ‘\protect’.
- Although usually a ‘\protect’ command doesn’t hurt, length commands
-are robust and should not be preceded by a ‘\protect’ command. Nor can
-a ‘\protect’ command be used in the argument to ‘\addtocounter’ or
-‘\setcounter’ command.
+ Although usually a ‘\protect’ command doesn't hurt, length commands
+such as ‘\parindent’ should not be preceded by a ‘\protect’ command
+(*note Lengths::. Nor can a ‘\protect’ command be used in the argument
+to ‘\addtocounter’ or ‘\setcounter’ command (*note \setcounter:: and
+*note \addtocounter::. These commands are already robust.
- In this example the ‘\caption’ command gives a mysterious error about
-an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each ‘\raisebox’
-command with ‘\protect’.
+ As of the October 2019 release of LaTeX
+(<https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf>), most
+commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be robust. For
+example, any command taking an optional argument, such as ‘\root’ or
+‘\raisebox’, was fragile, but is now robust. Similarly, ‘\(...\)’ math
+was fragile and is now robust (‘$...$’ has always been robust).
+ Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is ‘\verb’;
+for example,
+
\begin{figure}
...
- \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+ \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
\end{figure}
- In the next example the ‘\tableofcontents’ command gives an error
-because the ‘\(..\)’ in the section title expands to illegal TeX in the
-‘.toc’ file. You can solve this by changing ‘\(..\)’ to
-‘\protect\(..\protect\)’.
+ Adding ‘\protect’ does not help here. It's usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use ‘\texttt’,
+often the simplest solution.
- \begin{document}
- \tableofcontents
- ...
- \section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
- ...
+ Alternatively, to use ‘\verb’, you can apply the ‘\cprotect’ command
+from ‘cprotect’ package (<https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect>) to the
+‘\caption’:
+ \cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
+
+ ‘\cprotect’ also allows use of ‘\begin...\end’ environments in moving
+arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a similar prefix
+command ‘\cprotEnv’.
+
12.12 ‘\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend’
=============================================
@@ -7828,7 +7998,7 @@
A comment: many experts prefer not to use ‘\xspace’. Putting it in a
definition means that the command will usually get the spacing right.
-But it isn’t easy to predict when to enter empty braces because
+But it isn't easy to predict when to enter empty braces because
‘\xspace’ will get it wrong, such as when it is followed by another
command, and so ‘\xspace’ can make editing material harder and more
error-prone than instead of always inserting the empty braces.
@@ -7910,7 +8080,7 @@
‘\PackageInfoNoLine{PACKAGE NAME}{INFO-TEXT}’
For ‘\ClassError’ and ‘\PackageError’ the message is ERROR-TEXT,
-followed by TeX’s ‘‘?’’ error prompt. If the user then asks for help by
+followed by TeX's '‘?’' error prompt. If the user then asks for help by
typing ‘h’, they see the HELP TEXT.
The four ‘Warning’ commands are similar except that they write
@@ -7965,7 +8135,7 @@
As another example, our class ‘smcmemo’ might allow users to keep
lists of memo recipients in external files, so the user could invoke
‘\documentclass[math]{smcmemo}’ and it will read the file ‘math.memo’.
-This code inputs the file if it exists, while if it doesn’t, the option
+This code inputs the file if it exists, while if it doesn't, the option
is passed to the ‘article’ class:
\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{\CurrentOption.memo}
@@ -7998,7 +8168,7 @@
same.
Commands defined this way are a bit less efficient than those defined
-using ‘\newcommand’ so unless the command’s data is fragile and the
+using ‘\newcommand’ so unless the command's data is fragile and the
command is used within a moving argument, use ‘\newcommand’.
Related to this, the ‘etoolbox’ package offers three commands and
@@ -8063,7 +8233,7 @@
‘\InputIfFileExists’ is similar, but, as the name states,
automatically ‘\input’s FILENAME if it exists. The TRUE-CODE is
-executed just before the ‘\input’; if the file doesn’t exist, the
+executed just before the ‘\input’; if the file doesn't exist, the
FALSE-CODE is executed. An example:
\InputIfFileExists{mypkg.cfg}
@@ -8247,7 +8417,7 @@
It is written to the screen during compilation and to the log file.
Thus, if your file ‘smcmemo.cls’ contains the line
‘\ProvidesClass{smcmemo}[2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class]’ and your
-document’s first line is ‘\documentclass{smcmemo}’ then you will see
+document's first line is ‘\documentclass{smcmemo}’ then you will see
‘Document Class: smcmemo 2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class’.
The date in the optional argument allows class and package users to
@@ -8315,7 +8485,7 @@
‘\DocumentMetadata’ command (*note \DocumentMetadata::).
The LaTeX development team strongly recommends use of these and
-related commands over Plain TeX’s ‘\input’; see the Class Guide
+related commands over Plain TeX's ‘\input’; see the Class Guide
(<https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide>).
13 Counters
@@ -8323,11 +8493,11 @@
Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The
name of the counter is often the same as the name of the environment or
-command associated with the number, except that the counter’s name has
+command associated with the number, except that the counter's name has
no backslash ‘\’. Thus, associated with the ‘\chapter’ command is the
‘chapter’ counter that keeps track of the chapter number.
- Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX’s standard document
+ Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX's standard document
classes to control numbering.
part paragraph figure enumi
@@ -8357,12 +8527,12 @@
with a backslash.
‘\alph{COUNTER}’
- Print the value of COUNTER in lowercase letters: ‘a’, ‘b’, ... If
- the counter’s value is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get
+ Print the value of COUNTER in lowercase letters: 'a', 'b', ... If
+ the counter's value is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get
‘LaTeX Error: Counter too large.’
‘\Alph{COUNTER}’
- Print in uppercase letters: ‘A’, ‘B’, ... If the counter’s value
+ Print in uppercase letters: 'A', 'B', ... If the counter's value
is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get ‘LaTeX Error: Counter
too large.’
@@ -8370,12 +8540,12 @@
Print in Arabic numbers such as ‘5’ or ‘-2’.
‘\roman{COUNTER}’
- Print in lowercase roman numerals: ‘i’, ‘ii’, ... If the counter’s
+ Print in lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ... If the counter's
value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but LaTeX
does not print anything in the output.
‘\Roman{COUNTER}’
- Print in uppercase roman numerals: ‘I’, ‘II’, ... If the counter’s
+ Print in uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ... If the counter's
value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but LaTeX
does not print anything in the output.
@@ -8382,7 +8552,7 @@
‘\fnsymbol{COUNTER}’
Prints the value of COUNTER using a sequence of nine symbols that
are traditionally used for labeling footnotes. The value of
- COUNTER should be between 1 and 9, inclusive. If the counter’s
+ COUNTER should be between 1 and 9, inclusive. If the counter's
value is less than 0 or more than 9 then you get ‘LaTeX Error:
Counter too large’, while if it is 0 then you get no error or
warning but LaTeX does not output anything.
@@ -8468,7 +8638,7 @@
\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}
Globally set the counter COUNTER to have the value of the VALUE
-argument, which must be an integer. Thus, you can set a counter’s value
+argument, which must be an integer. Thus, you can set a counter's value
as ‘\setcounter{section}{5}’. Note that the counter name does not start
with a backslash.
@@ -8504,7 +8674,7 @@
Globally increments the value of COUNTER by one, as does
‘\stepcounter’ (*note \stepcounter::). The difference is that this
command resets the value of any counter numbered within it. (For the
-definition of “counters numbered within”, *note \newcounter::.)
+definition of "counters numbered within", *note \newcounter::.)
In addition, this command also defines the current ‘\ref’ value to be
the result of ‘\thecounter’.
@@ -8520,7 +8690,7 @@
\stepcounter{COUNTER}
Globally adds one to COUNTER and resets all counters numbered within
-it. (For the definition of “counters numbered within”, *note
+it. (For the definition of "counters numbered within", *note
\newcounter::.)
This command differs from ‘\refstepcounter’ in that this one does not
@@ -8591,7 +8761,7 @@
But the second one gets a warning like ‘Overfull \hbox (1.0pt too wide)
detected at line 17’. In the output the first ‘Y’ is overwritten by the
-end of the black bar, because the box’s material is wider than the 300pt
+end of the black bar, because the box's material is wider than the 300pt
allocated, as TeX has refused to shrink the total to less than
309 points.
@@ -8608,7 +8778,7 @@
In the second line TeX needs a stretch of 10 points and only 1 point was
specified. TeX stretches the space to the required length but it gives
you a warning like ‘Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) detected at line
-22’. (We won’t discuss badness.)
+22’. (We won't discuss badness.)
You can put both stretch and shrink in the same length, as in ‘1ex
plus 0.05ex minus 0.02ex’.
@@ -8622,7 +8792,7 @@
\blackbar{100pt}}YYY % right
The left and right bars take up 100 points, so the middle needs another
-100. The middle bar is 80 points so the two ‘\hspace’’s must stretch
+100. The middle bar is 80 points so the two ‘\hspace’'s must stretch
20 points. Because the two are ‘plus 50pt’ and ‘plus 10pt’, TeX gets
5/6 of the stretch from the first space and 1/6 from the second.
@@ -8721,7 +8891,7 @@
and can be in any units that LaTeX understands (*note Units of
length::).
- Below, with LaTeX’s defaults the first paragraph will be indented
+ Below, with LaTeX's defaults the first paragraph will be indented
while the second will not.
I told the doctor I broke my leg in two places.
@@ -8957,7 +9127,7 @@
TeX will coerce other numerical types in the same way as it does when
doing register assignment. Thus ‘\the\numexpr\dimexpr 1pt\relax\relax’
will result in ‘65536’, which is ‘1pt’ converted to scaled points (*note
-‘sp’: units of length sp, TeX’s internal unit) and then coerced into an
+‘sp’: units of length sp, TeX's internal unit) and then coerced into an
integer. With a ‘\glueexpr’ here, the stretch and shrink would be
dropped. Going the other way, a ‘\numexpr’ inside a ‘\dimexpr’ or
‘\glueexpr’ will need appropriate units, as in ‘\the\dimexpr\numexpr 1 +
@@ -8972,7 +9142,7 @@
product as intermediate value. The result of each operation is again
checked to be in the allowed range.
- Finally, division and scaling take place with rounding (unlike TeX’s
+ Finally, division and scaling take place with rounding (unlike TeX's
‘\divide’, which truncates). Thus ‘\the\dimexpr 5pt*(3/2)\relax’ puts
‘10.0pt’ in the document, because it rounds ‘3/2’ to ‘2’, while
‘\the\dimexpr 5pt*(4/3)\relax’ produces ‘5.0pt’.
@@ -9015,11 +9185,11 @@
Second paragraph.
\end{document}
- Once LaTeX has gathered all of a paragraph’s contents it divides that
+ Once LaTeX has gathered all of a paragraph's contents it divides that
content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
(*note Line breaking::).
- There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don’t put a
+ There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don't put a
blank line in math mode (*note Modes::); here the blank line before the
‘\end{equation}’
@@ -9113,7 +9283,7 @@
In the middle of a paragraph the ‘\noindent’ command has no effect,
because LaTeX is already in horizontal mode there. The ‘\indent’
-command’s only effect is to output a space.
+command's only effect is to output a space.
This example starts a fresh paragraph.
@@ -9169,7 +9339,7 @@
different font then to set ‘\parindent’ to 1em matching that font, put
‘\AtBeginDocument{\setlength{\parindent}{1em}}’ in the preamble.)
- The default value for ‘\parskip’ in LaTeX’s standard document classes
+ The default value for ‘\parskip’ in LaTeX's standard document classes
is ‘0pt plus1pt’.
15.4 Marginal notes
@@ -9199,7 +9369,7 @@
note in the left margin, while the mandatory argument RIGHT is used for
a note in the right margin.
- Normally, a note’s first word will not be hyphenated. You can enable
+ Normally, a note's first word will not be hyphenated. You can enable
hyphenation there by beginning LEFT or RIGHT with ‘\hspace{0pt}’.
These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
@@ -9304,7 +9474,7 @@
Make EXP appear as a superscript of BASE (with the caret
character, ‘^’) or a subscript (with underscore, ‘_’).
- In this example the ‘0’’s and ‘1’’s are subscripts while the ‘2’’s
+ In this example the ‘0’'s and ‘1’'s are subscripts while the ‘2’'s
are superscripts.
\( (x_0+x_1)^2 \leq (x_0)^2+(x_1)^2 \)
@@ -9311,7 +9481,7 @@
To have the subscript or superscript contain more than one character,
surround the expression with curly braces, as in ‘e^{-2x}’. This
-example’s fourth line shows curly braces used to group an expression for
+example's fourth line shows curly braces used to group an expression for
the exponent.
\begin{displaymath}
@@ -9356,7 +9526,7 @@
LaTeX provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that anyone
uses. For example, if you include ‘$\pi$’ in your source, you will get
-the pi symbol π. See the “Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List” package at
+the pi symbol π. See the "Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List" package at
<https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive>.
Here is a list of commonly-used symbols. It is by no means
@@ -9750,7 +9920,7 @@
μ Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
‘\nabla’
- ∇ Hamilton’s del, or differential, operator (ordinary).
+ ∇ Hamilton's del, or differential, operator (ordinary).
‘\natural’
♮ Musical natural notation (ordinary).
@@ -9776,7 +9946,7 @@
Long solidus, or slash, used to overstrike a following operator
(relation).
- Many negated operators are available that don’t require ‘\not’,
+ Many negated operators are available that don't require ‘\not’,
particularly with the ‘amssymb’ package. For example, ‘\notin’ is
typographically preferable to ‘\not\in’.
@@ -10155,7 +10325,7 @@
use the ‘mathtools’ package to create flexibly-sized norm symbols.
‘\vert’
- | Single line vertical bar (ordinary). For “such that”, as in the
+ | Single line vertical bar (ordinary). For "such that", as in the
definition of a set, use ‘\mid’ because it is a relation. *Note
Delimiters::, for how to use the ‘mathtools’ package to create
flexibly-sized absolute-value symbols.
@@ -10295,7 +10465,7 @@
and ‘bm’ work fine.
If no such font is available, one alternative is to construct fake
-bold fonts with the ‘fontspec’ package’s ‘FakeBold=1’ parameter (see its
+bold fonts with the ‘fontspec’ package's ‘FakeBold=1’ parameter (see its
documentation, <https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec>). This may be acceptable
for drafting or informal distribution, but the results are far from a
true bold font.
@@ -10303,7 +10473,7 @@
Another alternative to handling bold for OpenType math fonts is to
use the ‘\symbf’ (bold), ‘\symbfit’ (bold italic), and related commands
from the ‘unicode-math’ package. These do not change the current font,
-but rather change the (Unicode) “alphabet” used, which in practice is
+but rather change the (Unicode) "alphabet" used, which in practice is
more widely supported than a separate bold font. Many variations are
possible, and so there are subtleties to getting the desired output. As
usual, see the package documentation
@@ -10460,7 +10630,7 @@
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
\( \left(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z\right) \)
-LaTeX won’t break the line, causing the formula to extend into the
+LaTeX won't break the line, causing the formula to extend into the
margin.
Because ‘\left ... \right’ make a group, all the usual grouping rules
@@ -10476,7 +10646,7 @@
The ‘\left ... \right’ pair affect the horizontal spacing of the
enclosed formula, in two ways. The first is that in ‘\( \sin(x) =
\sin\left(x\right) \)’ the one after the equals sign has more space
-around the ‘x’. That’s because ‘\left( ... \right)’ inserts an inner
+around the ‘x’. That's because ‘\left( ... \right)’ inserts an inner
node while ‘( ... )’ inserts an opening node. The second way that the
pair affect the horizontal spacing is that because they form a group,
the enclosed subformula will be typeset at its natural width, with no
@@ -10506,7 +10676,7 @@
A third awkward case is when a long displayed formula is on more than
one line and you must match the sizes of the opening and closing
-delimiter; you can’t use ‘\left’ on the first line and ‘\right’ on the
+delimiter; you can't use ‘\left’ on the first line and ‘\right’ on the
last because they must be paired.
To size the delimiters manually, see *note \bigl & \bigr etc.::.
@@ -10653,16 +10823,16 @@
the dots are followed by a binary operator or relation symbol, ‘\dotsi’
for dots with integrals, or ‘\dotso’ for others.
- The ‘\dots’ command from ‘amsmath’ differs from the LaTeX kernel’s
+ The ‘\dots’ command from ‘amsmath’ differs from the LaTeX kernel's
‘\dots’ command in another way: it outputs a thin space after the
ellipsis. Furthermore, the ‘unicode-math’ package automatically loads
-‘amsmath’, so ‘amsmath’’s ‘\dots’ may be active even when you did not
+‘amsmath’, so ‘amsmath’'s ‘\dots’ may be active even when you did not
explicitly load it, thus changing the output from ‘\dots’ in both text
and math mode.
Yet more about the ellipsis commands: when running under Unicode
engines (‘lualatex’, ‘xelatex’), LaTeX will use the Unicode ellipsis
-character (U+2026) in the font if it’s available; under traditional TeX
+character (U+2026) in the font if it's available; under traditional TeX
engines (‘pdflatex’, ‘latex’), it will typeset three spaced periods.
Generally, the Unicode single-character ellipsis has almost no space
between the three periods, while the spacing of the non-Unicode ellipsis
@@ -10702,7 +10872,7 @@
ψ, Ψ ‘\psi’, ‘\Psi’ Psi
ω, Ω ‘\omega’, ‘\Omega’ Omega
- For omicron, if you are using LaTeX’s default Computer Modern font
+ For omicron, if you are using LaTeX's default Computer Modern font
then enter omicron just as ‘o’ or ‘O’. If you like having the name or
if your font shows a difference then you can use something like
‘\newcommand\omicron{o}’. The package ‘unicode-math’ has ‘\upomicron’
@@ -10876,34 +11046,36 @@
When you are putting an accent on an i or a j, the tradition is to
use one without a dot, ‘\imath’ or ‘jmath’ (*note Math symbols::).
-16.5 Over- and Underlining
-==========================
+16.5 Over- or under math
+========================
-LaTeX provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or putting
-braces over or under some material.
+LaTeX provides commands for putting lines, braces, and arrows over or
+under math material.
-‘\underline{TEXT}’
- Underline TEXT. Works inside math mode, and outside. The line is
+‘\underline{MATH}’
+ Underline MATH. For example: ‘\underline{x+y}’. The line is
always completely below the text, taking account of descenders, so
in ‘\(\underline{y}\)’ the line is lower than in
- ‘\(\underline{x}\)’. This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
+ ‘\(\underline{x}\)’. As of approximately 2019, this command and
+ others in this section are robust; before that, they were fragile
+ (*note \protect::).
- Note that the package ‘ulem’ does text mode underlining and allows
- line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
- documentation on CTAN. See also *note \hrulefill & \dotfill:: for
- producing a line, for such things as a signature.
+ The package ‘ulem’ (<https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem>) does text mode
+ underlining and allows line breaking as well as a number of other
+ features. See also *note \hrulefill & \dotfill:: for producing a
+ line for such things as a signature or placeholder.
-‘\overline{TEXT}’
- Put a horizontal line over TEXT. Works inside math mode, and
- outside. For example, ‘\overline{x+y}’. Note that this differs
- from the command ‘\bar’ (*note Math accents::).
+‘\overline{MATH}’
+ Put a horizontal line over MATH. For example: ‘\overline{x+y}’.
+ This differs from the accent command ‘\bar’ (*note Math accents::).
‘\underbrace{MATH}’
- Put a brace under MATH. For example, this
- ‘(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)’ emphasizes the telescoping part.
- Attach text to the brace by using the subscript command, ‘_’, or
- superscript, ‘^’, as here.
+ Put a brace under MATH. For example:
+ ‘(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)’.
+ You can attach text to the brace as a subscript (‘_’) or
+ superscript (‘^’) as here:
+
\begin{displaymath}
1+1/2+\underbrace{1/3+1/4}_{>1/2}+
\underbrace{1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8}_{>1/2}+\cdots
@@ -10913,13 +11085,18 @@
unconnected to the underbrace.
‘\overbrace{MATH}’
- Put a brace over MATH, as with
- ‘\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}’. See also
- ‘\underbrace’.
+ Put a brace over MATH. For example:
+ ‘\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}’.
- The package ‘mathtools’ adds an over- and underbrace, as well as some
-improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+‘\overrightarrow{MATH}’
+ Put a right arrow over MATH. For example: ‘\overrightarrow{x+y}’.
+‘\overleftarrow{MATH}’
+ Put a left arrow over MATH. For example: ‘\overleftarrow{a+b}’.
+
+ The package ‘mathtools’ (<https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools>) adds an
+over- and underbracket, as well as some improvements on the braces.
+
16.6 Spacing in math mode
=========================
@@ -10927,7 +11104,7 @@
normal rules for mathematics texts. If you enter ‘y=m x’ then LaTeX
ignores the space and in the output the m is next to the x, as y=mx.
- But LaTeX’s rules occasionally need tweaking. For example, in an
+ But LaTeX's rules occasionally need tweaking. For example, in an
integral the tradition is to put a small extra space between the ‘f(x)’
and the ‘dx’, here done with the ‘\,’ command:
@@ -11042,7 +11219,7 @@
\hphantom::).
While most often used in mathematics, the ‘\smash’ command can appear
-in other contexts. However, it doesn’t change into horizontal mode. So
+in other contexts. However, it doesn't change into horizontal mode. So
if it starts a paragraph then you should first put a ‘\leavevmode’, as
in the bottom line below.
@@ -11114,7 +11291,7 @@
command from the package ‘amsmath’.
While most often used in mathematics, these three can appear in other
-contexts. However, they don’t cause LaTeX to change into horizontal
+contexts. However, they don't cause LaTeX to change into horizontal
mode. So if one of these starts a paragraph then you should prefix it
with ‘\leavevmode’.
@@ -11143,12 +11320,12 @@
16.7 Math styles
================
-TeX’s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
+TeX's rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
example, inside a displayed equation, the input ‘\sum_{0\leq
i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}’ will give output
with the summation index centered below the summation symbol. But if
that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right rather
-than below, so it won’t push the lines apart. Similarly, in a displayed
+than below, so it won't push the lines apart. Similarly, in a displayed
context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be larger
than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
@@ -11170,7 +11347,7 @@
declaration of ‘\displaystyle’, or ‘\textstyle’, or ‘\scriptstyle’, or
‘\scriptscriptstyle’.
- In this example, the ‘Arithmetic’ line’s fraction will look
+ In this example, the ‘Arithmetic’ line's fraction will look
scrunched.
\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
@@ -11181,7 +11358,7 @@
&$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$ \\
\end{tabular}
-But because of the ‘\displaystyle’ declaration, the ‘Geometric’ line’s
+But because of the ‘\displaystyle’ declaration, the ‘Geometric’ line's
fraction will be easy to read, with characters the same size as in the
rest of the line.
@@ -11212,7 +11389,7 @@
====================
LaTeX contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are some
-that don’t fit into other categories.
+that don't fit into other categories.
16.8.1 Colon character ‘:’ & ‘\colon’
-------------------------------------
@@ -11306,13 +11483,13 @@
“LR mode” (for left-to-right mode; in plain TeX this is called
“restricted horizontal mode”) is in effect when LaTeX starts making
- a box with an ‘\mbox’ command. As in paragraph mode, LaTeX’s
+ a box with an ‘\mbox’ command. As in paragraph mode, LaTeX's
output is a string of words with spaces between them. Unlike in
paragraph mode, in LR mode LaTeX never starts a new line, it just
keeps going from left to right. (Although LaTeX will not complain
that the LR box is too long, when it is finished and next tries to
put that box into a line, it might well complain that the finished
- LR box won’t fit there.)
+ LR box won't fit there.)
• “Math mode” is when LaTeX is generating an inline mathematical
formula.
@@ -11421,14 +11598,14 @@
‘\author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}’
Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is
a list of authors separated by ‘\and’ commands. To separate lines
- within a single author’s entry, for instance to give the author’s
+ within a single author's entry, for instance to give the author's
institution or address, use a double backslash, ‘\\’. If you omit
the ‘\author’ declaration then you get ‘LaTeX Warning: No \author
given’.
‘\date{TEXT}’
- Optional. Declare TEXT to be the document’s date. The TEXT
- doesn’t need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all. If
+ Optional. Declare TEXT to be the document's date. The TEXT
+ doesn't need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all. If
you omit ‘\date’ then LaTeX uses the current date (*note \today::).
To have no date, instead use ‘\date{}’.
@@ -11496,11 +11673,11 @@
If you want to typeset the page number in some other way, or change
where the page number appears on the page, see *note \pagestyle:: (in
-short: use the ‘fancyhdr’ package). The list above of LaTeX’s built-in
+short: use the ‘fancyhdr’ package). The list above of LaTeX's built-in
numbering styles cannot be extended.
- Traditionally, if a document has front matter—preface, table of
-contents, etc.—then it is numbered with lowercase Roman numerals. The
+ Traditionally, if a document has front matter--preface, table of
+contents, etc.--then it is numbered with lowercase Roman numerals. The
main matter of a document uses arabic. LaTeX implements this, by
providing explicit commands for the different parts (*note \frontmatter
& \mainmatter & \backmatter::).
@@ -11550,10 +11727,10 @@
Custom headers, specified via the ‘\markboth’ or the ‘\markright’
commands.
- Some discussion of the motivation for LaTeX’s mechanism will help you
+ Some discussion of the motivation for LaTeX's mechanism will help you
work with the options ‘headings’ or ‘myheadings’. The document source
below produces an article, two-sided, with the pagestyle ‘headings’. On
-this document’s left hand pages, LaTeX wants (in addition to the page
+this document's left hand pages, LaTeX wants (in addition to the page
number) the title of the current section. On its right hand pages LaTeX
wants the title of the current subsection. When it makes up a page,
LaTeX gets this information from the commands ‘\leftmark’ and
@@ -11648,7 +11825,7 @@
However, ‘\thepage’ should do any typesetting or other complicated
maneuvers, but merely expand to the intended page number representation.
The results of a complicated redefinition of ‘\thepage’ are not
-predictable, but LaTeX’s report of page numbers in diagnostic messages,
+predictable, but LaTeX's report of page numbers in diagnostic messages,
at least, will become unusable.
There is some discussion of this issue at
@@ -11707,8 +11884,8 @@
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
The ‘*’-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
-precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white space—glues
-and kerns—that come at a line break are discarded. The ‘*’-form avoids
+precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white space--glues
+and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded. The ‘*’-form avoids
that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in front of
the space).
@@ -11732,7 +11909,7 @@
\end{center}
Because the argument to each ‘\hspace’ has ‘minus 0.25cm’, each can
-shrink a little if the three figures are too wide. But each space won’t
+shrink a little if the three figures are too wide. But each space won't
shrink more than 0.25cm (*note Lengths::).
19.3 ‘\hfill’
@@ -11766,7 +11943,7 @@
\caption{Comparison of two graphs} \label{fig:twographs}
\end{figure}
-Note the ‘\hspace*’’s where the space could otherwise be dropped.
+Note the ‘\hspace*’'s where the space could otherwise be dropped.
19.4 ‘\hss’
===========
@@ -11780,7 +11957,7 @@
should reach first for the ‘\makebox’ command to get the effects of
‘\hss’ (*note \mbox & \makebox::).
- Here, the first line’s ‘\hss’ makes the Z stick out to the right,
+ Here, the first line's ‘\hss’ makes the Z stick out to the right,
overwriting the Y. In the second line the Z sticks out to the left,
overwriting the X.
@@ -11797,7 +11974,7 @@
\spacefactor=INTEGER
- Influence LaTeX’s stretching and shrinking of glue. Few user-level
+ Influence LaTeX's stretching and shrinking of glue. Few user-level
documents need to use this.
While LaTeX is laying out the material, it may stretch or shrink the
@@ -11818,11 +11995,11 @@
bracket, or closing double quote or single quote. Finally, it is 999
after a capital letter.
- If the space factor F is 1000 then the glue gap will be the font’s
+ If the space factor F is 1000 then the glue gap will be the font's
normal space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10 point this is
3.3333pt). Otherwise, if the space factor F is greater than 2000 then
-TeX adds the font’s extra space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10
-point this is 1.11111pt), and then the font’s normal stretch value is
+TeX adds the font's extra space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10
+point this is 1.11111pt), and then the font's normal stretch value is
multiplied by f /1000 and the normal shrink value is multiplied by
1000/f (for Computer Modern Roman 10 point these are 1.66666 and
1.11111pt).
@@ -11942,7 +12119,7 @@
This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
- \
+ \
Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -12003,8 +12180,8 @@
many 8-bit encodings) are synonyms.
Note that the word ‘tie’ has this meaning in the TeX/Texinfo
-community; this differs from the typographic term “tie”, which is a
-diacritic in the shape of an arc, called a “tie-after” accent in ‘The
+community; this differs from the typographic term "tie", which is a
+diacritic in the shape of an arc, called a "tie-after" accent in ‘The
TeXbook’.
Here LaTeX will not break the line between the final two words:
@@ -12051,8 +12228,8 @@
• Between symbols in series: ‘$1$,~$2$, or~$3$’ or ‘$1$,~$2$,
\ldots,~$n$’.
- • Between a person’s given names and between multiple surnames:
- ‘Donald~E. Knuth’, or ‘Luis~I. Trabb~Pardo’, or ‘Charles~XII’—but
+ • Between a person's given names and between multiple surnames:
+ ‘Donald~E. Knuth’, or ‘Luis~I. Trabb~Pardo’, or ‘Charles~XII’--but
you must give TeX places to break the line so you might do ‘Charles
Louis Xavier~Joseph de~la Vall\'ee~Poussin’.
@@ -12105,7 +12282,7 @@
because the italic letter f leans far to the right.
- If AFTER-CHARACTER is a period or comma then don’t insert an italic
+ If AFTER-CHARACTER is a period or comma then don't insert an italic
correction since those punctuation symbols are so low to the baseline
already. However, with semicolons or colons, as well as with normal
letters, the italic correction can help. It is typically used between a
@@ -12152,10 +12329,10 @@
\noindent John Aubrey, RN \dotfill{} Melbury Lodge
- To make the rule or dots go to the line’s end use ‘\null’ at the
+ To make the rule or dots go to the line's end use ‘\null’ at the
start or end.
- To change the rule’s thickness, copy the definition and adjust it, as
+ To change the rule's thickness, copy the definition and adjust it, as
here
\renewcommand{\hrulefill}{%
@@ -12192,7 +12369,7 @@
These commands are fragile (*note \protect::).
Here the skip suggests the passage of time (from The Golden Ocean by
-O’Brian).
+O'Brian).
Mr Saumarez would have something rude to say to him, no doubt: he
was at home again, and it was delightful.
@@ -12275,7 +12452,7 @@
This example has four lists. In the first there is a much bigger gap
between items 2 and 3 than there is between items 1 and 2. The second
-list fixes that with a ‘\strut’ at the end of its first item’s second
+list fixes that with a ‘\strut’ at the end of its first item's second
line.
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
@@ -12308,7 +12485,7 @@
\end{enumerate}
\end{minipage}%
-The final two lists use ‘\fbox’ to show what’s happening. The first
+The final two lists use ‘\fbox’ to show what's happening. The first
item ‘\parbox’ of the third list goes only to the bottom of its second
‘test’, which happens not have any characters that descend below the
baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra
@@ -12317,7 +12494,7 @@
The ‘\strut’ command is often useful in graphics, such as in ‘TikZ’
or ‘Asymptote’. For instance, you may have a command such as
‘\graphnode{NODE-NAME}’ that fits a circle around NODE-NAME. However,
-unless you are careful the NODE-NAME’s ‘x’ and ‘y’ will produce
+unless you are careful the NODE-NAME's ‘x’ and ‘y’ will produce
different-diameter circles because the characters are different sizes.
A careful ‘\graphnode’ might insert a ‘\strut’, then NODE-NAME, and then
draw the circle.
@@ -12335,7 +12512,7 @@
\end{tabular}
(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won’t
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won't
solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
‘\\[2.5ex]’ will put more room between the header line and the ‘\hline’
rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
@@ -12349,7 +12526,7 @@
\vspace*{LENGTH}
Add the vertical space LENGTH. The LENGTH can be positive, negative,
-or zero. It is a rubber length—it may contain a ‘plus’ or ‘minus’
+or zero. It is a rubber length--it may contain a ‘plus’ or ‘minus’
component (*note Lengths::).
This puts space between the two paragraphs.
@@ -12428,9 +12605,9 @@
\addvspace{VERT-LENGTH}
Add a vertical space of VERT-LENGTH. However, if there are two or
-more ‘\addvspace’’s in a sequence then together they only add the space
+more ‘\addvspace’'s in a sequence then together they only add the space
needed to make the natural length equal to the maximum of the
-VERT-LENGTH’s in that sequence. This command is fragile (*note
+VERT-LENGTH's in that sequence. This command is fragile (*note
\protect::). The VERT-LENGTH is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
This example illustrates. The ‘picture’ draws a scale over which to
@@ -12454,14 +12631,14 @@
Now uncomment the second ‘\addvspace’. It does not make the gap 20pt
longer; instead the gap is the sum of ‘\baselineskip’ and 20pt. So
-‘\addvspace’ in a sense does the opposite of its name—it makes sure that
-multiple vertical spaces do not accumulate, but instead that only the
-largest one is used.
+‘\addvspace’ in a sense does the opposite of its name--it makes sure
+that multiple vertical spaces do not accumulate, but instead that only
+the largest one is used.
LaTeX uses this command to adjust the vertical space above or below
an environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a ‘theorem’
environment begins and ends with ‘\addvspace’ so that two consecutive
-‘theorem’’s are separated by one vertical space, not two.
+‘theorem’'s are separated by one vertical space, not two.
A error ‘Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item’ pointing to an
‘\addvspace’ means that you were not in vertical mode when you hit this
@@ -12499,7 +12676,7 @@
The first two command invocations shown, ‘\mbox’ and ‘\makebox’, are
roughly the same. They create a box just wide enough to contain the
-TEXT. (They are like plain TeX’s ‘\hbox’.)
+TEXT. (They are like plain TeX's ‘\hbox’.)
In the third version the optional argument WIDTH specifies the width
of the box. Note that the space occupied by the text need not equal the
@@ -12513,7 +12690,7 @@
In the WIDTH argument you can use the following lengths that refer to
the dimension of the box that LaTeX gets on typesetting TEXT: ‘\depth’,
-‘\height’, ‘\width’, ‘\totalheight’ (this is the box’s height plus its
+‘\height’, ‘\width’, ‘\totalheight’ (this is the box's height plus its
depth). For example, to make a box with the text stretched to double
the natural size you can say this.
@@ -12630,7 +12807,7 @@
*Note Colored boxes::, for colors other than black and white.
The ‘picture’ environment has a version of the ‘\framebox’ command
-where the units depend on ‘picture’’s ‘\unitlength’ (*note \framebox
+where the units depend on ‘picture’'s ‘\unitlength’ (*note \framebox
(picture)::).
20.3 ‘\parbox’
@@ -12655,7 +12832,7 @@
\end{picture}
The CONTENTS are processed in a text mode (*note Modes::) so LaTeX
-will break lines to make a paragraph. But it won’t make multiple
+will break lines to make a paragraph. But it won't make multiple
paragraphs; for that, use a ‘minipage’ environment (*note minipage::).
The options for ‘\parbox’ (except for CONTENTS) are the same as those
@@ -12713,7 +12890,7 @@
In the arguments DISTANCE, HEIGHT, and DEPTH you can use the
following lengths that refer to the dimension of the box that LaTeX gets
on typesetting TEXT: ‘\depth’, ‘\height’, ‘\width’, ‘\totalheight’ (this
-is the box’s height plus its depth).
+is the box's height plus its depth).
This will align two graphics on their top (*note Graphics::).
@@ -12769,7 +12946,7 @@
In the ‘\sbox’ and ‘\savebox’ commands the TEXT is typeset in LR mode
so it does not have line breaks (*note Modes::). If you use these then
-LaTeX doesn’t give you an error but it ignores what you want: if you
+LaTeX doesn't give you an error but it ignores what you want: if you
enter ‘\sbox{\newreg}{test \\ test}’ and ‘\usebox{\newreg}’ then you get
‘testtest’, while if you enter ‘\sbox{\newreg}{test \par test}’ and
‘\usebox{\newreg}’ then you get ‘test test’, but no error or warning.
@@ -12786,7 +12963,7 @@
...
\usebox{\areg}
- As an example of the efficiency of reusing a register’s contents,
+ As an example of the efficiency of reusing a register's contents,
this puts the same picture on each page of the document by putting it in
the header. LaTeX only typesets it once.
@@ -12909,7 +13086,7 @@
The first is that LaTeX does not contain information about different
output systems but instead depends on information stored in a “printer
driver” file. Normally you should not specify the driver option in the
-document, and instead rely on your system’s default. One advantage of
+document, and instead rely on your system's default. One advantage of
this is that it makes the document portable across systems.
For completeness here is a list of the drivers. The currently
@@ -12963,7 +13140,7 @@
dependent. In this document we cover GNU/Linux, Macintosh, and Windows,
as those systems are typically configured. For other situations consult
the documentation in ‘grfguide.pdf’, or the LaTeX source, or your TeX
-distribution’s documentation.
+distribution's documentation.
21.2.1 ‘\graphicspath’
----------------------
@@ -12985,9 +13162,9 @@
...
\graphicspath{ {pix/} {../pix/} }
- The ‘\graphicspath’ declaration is optional. If you don’t include it
-then LaTeX’s default is to search all of the places that it usually
-looks for a file (it uses LaTeX’s ‘\input at path’). In particular, in
+ The ‘\graphicspath’ declaration is optional. If you don't include it
+then LaTeX's default is to search all of the places that it usually
+looks for a file (it uses LaTeX's ‘\input at path’). In particular, in
this case one of the places it looks is the current directory.
Enclose each directory name in curly braces; for example, above it
@@ -13246,7 +13423,7 @@
TeX dimensions (*note Units of length::). If the units are omitted they
default to ‘bp’. In this case, the lower left corner of the image is
assumed to be at (0,0). If two optional arguments are present then the
-leading one is ‘[LLX,LLY]’, specifying the coordinates of the image’s
+leading one is ‘[LLX,LLY]’, specifying the coordinates of the image's
lower left. Thus, ‘\includegraphics[1in,0.618in]{...}’ calls for the
graphic to be placed so it is 1 inch wide and 0.618 inches tall and so
its origin is at (0,0).
@@ -13269,7 +13446,7 @@
Note that a graphic is placed by LaTeX into a box, which is
traditionally referred to as its “bounding box” (distinct from the
-PostScript BoundingBox described below). The graphic’s printed area may
+PostScript BoundingBox described below). The graphic's printed area may
go beyond this box, or sit inside this box, but when LaTeX makes up a
page it puts together boxes and this is the box allocated for the
graphic.
@@ -13327,7 +13504,7 @@
left, ‘r’ for right, ‘b’ for bottom, ‘c’ for center, ‘t’ for top,
and ‘B’ for baseline. Thus, entering the command
‘\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]{moon}’ will turn the picture
- upside down about that picture’s center, while the command
+ upside down about that picture's center, while the command
‘\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]{LeBateau}’ will turn its
picture upside down about its left baseline. (The character ‘c’
gives the horizontal center in ‘bc’ or ‘tc’, but gives the vertical
@@ -13376,7 +13553,7 @@
to which the contents of the page are to be clipped when displayed.
The BleedBox is the region to which the contents of the page should
be clipped in production. The TrimBox is the intended dimensions
- of the finished page. The ArtBox is the extent of the page’s
+ of the finished page. The ArtBox is the extent of the page's
meaningful content. The driver will set the image size based on
CropBox if present, otherwise it will not use one of the others,
with a driver-defined order of preference. MediaBox is always
@@ -13406,7 +13583,7 @@
graphic files, which have a size specified with a line ‘%%BoundingBox’
that appears in the file. It has four values, giving the lower x
coordinate, lower y coordinate, upper x coordinate, and upper y
-coordinate. The units are PostScript points, equivalent to TeX’s big
+coordinate. The units are PostScript points, equivalent to TeX's big
points, 1/72 inch. For example, if an ‘.eps’ file has the line
‘%%BoundingBox 10 20 40 80’ then its natural size is 30/72 inch wide by
60/72 inch tall.
@@ -13438,10 +13615,10 @@
then LaTeX will look for ‘%%HiResBoundingBox’ lines instead of
‘%%BoundingBox’ lines. (The ‘BoundingBox’ lines use only natural
numbers while the ‘HiResBoundingBox’ lines use decimals; both use
- units equivalent to TeX’s big points, 1/72 inch.) To override a
+ units equivalent to TeX's big points, 1/72 inch.) To override a
prior setting of ‘true’, you can set it to ‘false’.
- These following options allow a user to override LaTeX’s method of
+ These following options allow a user to override LaTeX's method of
choosing the graphic type based on the filename extension. An example
is that ‘\includegraphics[type=png,ext=.xyz,read=.xyz]{lion}’ will read
the file ‘lion.xyz’ as though it were ‘lion.png’. For more on these,
@@ -13507,7 +13684,7 @@
‘x’ and ‘y’ options (*note \includegraphics::).
‘origin’
- The point of the MATERIAL’s box about which the rotation happens.
+ The point of the MATERIAL's box about which the rotation happens.
Possible value is any string containing one or two of: ‘l’ for
left, ‘r’ for right, ‘b’ for bottom, ‘c’ for center, ‘t’ for top,
and ‘B’ for baseline. Thus, the first line here
@@ -13524,7 +13701,7 @@
‘x, y’
Specify an arbitrary point of rotation with ‘\rotatebox[x=TeX
DIMENSION,y=TeX DIMENSION]{...}’ (*note Units of length::). These
- give the offset from the box’s reference point.
+ give the offset from the box's reference point.
‘units’
This key allows you to change the default of degrees
@@ -13582,7 +13759,7 @@
\resizebox{0.5in}{!}{\includegraphics{lion}}
- The unstarred form ‘\resizebox’ takes VERTICAL LENGTH to be the box’s
+ The unstarred form ‘\resizebox’ takes VERTICAL LENGTH to be the box's
height while the starred form ‘\resizebox*’ takes it to be height+depth.
For instance, make the text have a height+depth of a quarter-inch with
‘\resizebox*{!}{0.25in}{\parbox{3.5in}{This box has both height and
@@ -13603,7 +13780,7 @@
‘\usepackage{color}’ in your document preamble to use the commands
described here.
- Many other packages also supplement LaTeX’s color abilities.
+ Many other packages also supplement LaTeX's color abilities.
Particularly worth mentioning is ‘xcolor’, which is widely used and
significantly extends the capabilities described here, including adding
‘HTML’ and ‘Hsb’ color models.
@@ -13618,10 +13795,10 @@
When you load the ‘color’ package there are two kinds of available
options.
- The first specifies the “printer driver”. LaTeX doesn’t contain
+ The first specifies the “printer driver”. LaTeX doesn't contain
information about different output systems but instead depends on
information stored in a file. Normally you should not specify the
-driver option in the document, and instead rely on your system’s
+driver option in the document, and instead rely on your system's
default. One advantage of this is that it makes the document portable
across systems. For completeness we include a list of the drivers. The
currently relevant ones are: ‘dvipdfmx’, ‘dvips’, ‘dvisvgm’, ‘luatex’,
@@ -13649,7 +13826,7 @@
22.2 Color models
=================
-A “color model” is a way of representing colors. LaTeX’s capabilities
+A “color model” is a way of representing colors. LaTeX's capabilities
depend on the printer driver. However, the ‘pdftex’, ‘xetex’, and
‘luatex’ printer drivers are today by far the most commonly used. The
models below work for those drivers. All but one of these is also
@@ -13717,7 +13894,7 @@
\definecolor{logocolor}{RGB}{145,92,131} % RGB needs pdflatex
\newcommand{\logo}{\textcolor{logocolor}{Bob's Big Bagels}}
- Often a document’s colors are defined in the preamble, or in the
+ Often a document's colors are defined in the preamble, or in the
class or style, rather than in the document body.
22.3.2 Colored text
@@ -13819,7 +13996,7 @@
The ‘\fcolorbox’ commands use the same parameters as ‘\fbox’ (*note
\fbox & \framebox::), ‘\fboxrule’ and ‘\fboxsep’, to set the thickness
of the rule and the boundary between the box interior and the
-surrounding rule. LaTeX’s defaults are ‘0.4pt’ and ‘3pt’, respectively.
+surrounding rule. LaTeX's defaults are ‘0.4pt’ and ‘3pt’, respectively.
This example changes the thickness of the border to 0.8 points. Note
that it is surrounded by curly braces so that the change ends at the end
@@ -13855,20 +14032,21 @@
LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special
meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
-23.1 Reserved characters
-========================
+23.1 Printing special characters
+================================
-LaTeX sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For
-example, the percent sign ‘%’ is for comments. They are called
-“reserved characters” or “special characters”. They are all discussed
-elsewhere in this manual.
+LaTeX sets aside a few characters for special purposes; they are called
+reserved characters or special characters. Here they are:
# $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \
+ The meaning of all the special characters is given elsewhere in this
+manual (*note Reserved characters::).
+
If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
-put a backslash ‘\’ in front of the character. Thus, typing ‘\$1.23’
-will produce ‘$1.23’ in your output.
+put a ‘\’ in front of the character. Thus, typing ‘\$1.23’ will produce
+‘$1.23’ in your output.
As to the last three characters, to get a tilde in the text body font
use ‘\~{}’ (omitting the curly braces would result in the next character
@@ -13876,12 +14054,12 @@
circumflex use ‘\^{}’. To get a backslash in the font of the text body,
enter ‘\textbackslash{}’.
- To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use ‘\verb!!’
-as below (the double backslash ‘\\’ in the example is only there to
-split the lines in the output).
+ To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font, use
+‘\verb!!’ as below (the ‘\newline’ in the example is there only to split
+the lines in the output).
\begin{center}
- \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \\
+ \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \newline
\verb!# $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \!
\end{center}
@@ -13897,7 +14075,7 @@
Change the case of characters. The TeX primitive commands
‘\uppercase’ and ‘\lowercase’ are set up by default to work only with
-the 26 letters a–z and A–Z. The LaTeX commands ‘\MakeUppercase’ and
+the 26 letters a-z and A-Z. The LaTeX commands ‘\MakeUppercase’ and
‘\MakeLowercase’ commands also change characters accessed by commands
such as ‘\ae’ or ‘\aa’. The commands ‘\MakeUppercase’ and
‘\MakeLowercase’ are robust but they have moving arguments (*note
@@ -13933,8 +14111,8 @@
Handling all the casing rules specified by Unicode, e.g., for
non-Latin scripts, is a much bigger job than anything envisioned in the
original TeX and LaTeX. It has been implemented in the ‘expl3’ package
-as of 2020. The article “Case changing: From TeX primitives to the
-Unicode algorithm”, (Joseph Wright, ‘TUGboat’ 41:1,
+as of 2020. The article "Case changing: From TeX primitives to the
+Unicode algorithm", (Joseph Wright, ‘TUGboat’ 41:1,
<https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb41-1/tb127wright-case.pdf>), gives a good
overview of the topic, past and present.
@@ -13995,7 +14173,7 @@
description for additional general information.
‘\lq’
- ‘ Left (opening) quote.
+ ' Left (opening) quote.
‘\P’
‘\textparagraph’
@@ -14010,7 +14188,7 @@
„ and ‚ Double and single quotation marks on the baseline.
‘\rq’
- ’ Right (closing) quote.
+ ' Right (closing) quote.
‘\S’
‘\textsection’
@@ -14078,13 +14256,13 @@
$ Dollar sign.
‘\textemdash (or ‘---’)’
- — Em-dash. Used for punctuation, usually similar to commas or
- parentheses, as in ‘‘The playoffs---if you're lucky enough to make
- the playoffs---are more like a sprint.’’ Conventions for spacing
+ -- Em-dash. Used for punctuation, usually similar to commas or
+ parentheses, as in '‘The playoffs---if you're lucky enough to make
+ the playoffs---are more like a sprint.’' Conventions for spacing
around em-dashes vary widely.
‘\textendash (or ‘--’)’
- – En-dash. Used for ranges, as in ‘‘see pages 12--14’’.
+ - En-dash. Used for ranges, as in '‘see pages 12--14’'.
‘\texteuro’
@@ -14101,8 +14279,8 @@
Dash used between numerals, Unicode U+2012. Defined in the June
2021 release of LaTeX. When used in pdfTeX, approximated by an
en-dash; with a Unicode engine, either typesets the glyph if
- available in the current font, or writes the usual “Missing
- character” warning to the log file.
+ available in the current font, or writes the usual "Missing
+ character" warning to the log file.
‘\textgreater’
> Greater than symbol.
@@ -14135,16 +14313,16 @@
¿ Upside down question mark.
‘\textquotedblleft (or ‘``’)’
- “ Double left quote.
+ " Double left quote.
‘\textquotedblright (or ‘''’)’
- ” Double right quote.
+ " Double right quote.
‘\textquoteleft (or ‘`’)’
- ‘ Single left quote.
+ ' Single left quote.
‘\textquoteright (or ‘'’)’
- ’ Single right quote.
+ ' Single right quote.
‘\textquotesingle’
', Straight single quote. (From TS1 encoding.)
@@ -14160,13 +14338,13 @@
→, Right arrow.
‘\textthreequartersemdash’
- ﹘, “Three-quarters” em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
+ ﹘, "Three-quarters" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
‘\texttrademark’
™ Trademark symbol.
‘\texttwelveudash’
- ﹘, “Two-thirds” em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
+ ﹘, "Two-thirds" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
‘\textunderscore’
_ Underscore.
@@ -14177,7 +14355,7 @@
23.5 Accents
============
-LaTeX has wide support for many of the world’s scripts and languages,
+LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages,
provided through the core ‘babel’ package, which supports pdfLaTeX,
XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX. The ‘polyglossia’ package provides similar
support with the latter two engines.
@@ -14314,7 +14492,7 @@
23.6 Additional Latin letters
=============================
-Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting letters beyond A–Z that
+Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting letters beyond A-Z that
extend the Latin alphabet, used primarily in languages other than
English.
@@ -14375,51 +14553,46 @@
\usepackage[ENCODING-NAME]{inputenc}
- Declare the input file’s text encoding to be ENCODING-NAME. The
-default, if this package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically,
-specifying the encoding name is optional, but in practice it is not
-useful to omit it.
+ Declare the input file's text encoding to be ENCODING-NAME. (For
+basic background, *note Input encodings::). The default, if this
+package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically, specifying the encoding
+name is optional, but in practice it is not useful to omit it.
- In a computer file, the characters are stored according to a scheme
-called the “encoding”. There are many different encodings. The
-simplest is ASCII, which supports 95 printable characters, not enough
-for most of the world’s languages. For instance, to typeset the
-a-umlaut character ‘ä’ in an ASCII-encoded LaTeX source file, the
-sequence ‘\"a’ is used. This would make source files for anything but
-English hard to read; even for English, often a more extensive encoding
-is more convenient.
-
- The modern encoding standard, in some ways a union of the others, is
-UTF-8, one of the representations of Unicode. This is the default for
-LaTeX since 2018.
-
- The ‘inputenc’ package is how LaTeX knows what encoding is used. For
+ The ‘inputenc’ package tells LaTeX what encoding is used. For
instance, the following command explicitly says that the input file is
UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ The most common values for ENCODING-NAME are: ‘ascii’, ‘latin1’,
+‘latin2’, ‘latin3’, ‘latin4’, ‘latin5’, ‘latin9’, ‘latin10’, ‘utf8’.
+
Caution: use ‘inputenc’ only with the pdfTeX engine (*note TeX
-engines::). (The XeTeX and LuaTeX engines assume that the input file is
-UTF-8 encoded.) If you invoke LaTeX with either the ‘xelatex’ command
-or the ‘lualatex’ command, and try to declare a non-UTF-8 encoding with
-‘inputenc’, such as ‘latin1’, then you will get the error ‘inputenc is
-not designed for xetex or luatex’.
+engines::); with ‘xelatex’ or ‘lualatex’, declaring a non-UTF-8 encoding
+with ‘inputenc’, such as ‘latin1’, will get the error ‘inputenc is not
+designed for xetex or luatex’.
An ‘inputenc’ package error such as ‘Invalid UTF-8 byte "96’ means
that some of the material in the input file does not follow the encoding
scheme. Often these errors come from copying material from a document
-that uses a different encoding than the input file; this one is a left
-single quote from a web page using ‘latin1’ inside a LaTeX input file
-that uses UTF-8. The simplest solution is to replace the non-UTF-8
-character with its UTF-8 equivalent, or use a LaTeX equivalent command
-or character.
+that uses a different encoding than the input file. The simplest
+solution is often to replace the non-UTF-8 character with a UTF-8 or
+LaTeX equivalent.
- In some documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
+ If you need to process a non-UTF-8 document with LuaTeX, you can use
+the ‘luainputenc’ package (<https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc>). With
+XeTeX, the ‘\XeTeXinputencoding’ and ‘\XeTeXdefaultencoding’ primitives
+can be used (for an explanation and examples, see
+<https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948>).
+
+ It's also possible to re-encode a document from an 8-bit encoding to
+UTF-8 outside of TeX, using system utilities. For example, ‘recode
+latin1..utf8’ or ‘iconv -f latin1 -t utf8’.
+
+ In a few documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
variety of authors, changing the encoding in mid-document may be
-necessary. Use the command ‘\inputencoding{ENCODING-NAME}’. The most
-common values for ENCODING-NAME are: ‘ascii’, ‘latin1’, ‘latin2’,
-‘latin3’, ‘latin4’, ‘latin5’, ‘latin9’, ‘latin10’, and ‘utf8’.
+necessary. You can use the command ‘\inputencoding{ENCODING-NAME}’ for
+this.
23.8 ‘\rule’
============
@@ -14432,7 +14605,7 @@
Produce a “rule”, a filled-in rectangle.
This example produces a rectangular blob, sometimes called a Halmos
-symbol, or just “qed”, often used to mark the end of a proof:
+symbol, or just "qed", often used to mark the end of a proof:
\newcommand{\qedsymbol}{\rule{0.4em}{2ex}}
@@ -14463,7 +14636,7 @@
\today
- Produce today’s date in the format ‘MONTH DD, YYYY’. An example of a
+ Produce today's date in the format ‘MONTH DD, YYYY’. An example of a
date in that format is ‘July 4, 1976’.
Multilingual packages such as ‘babel’ or ‘polyglossia’, or classes
@@ -14541,7 +14714,7 @@
after ‘\endinput’ will not be included. This command is optional; if
‘filename.tex’ has no ‘\endinput’ then LaTeX will read all of the file.
- For example, suppose that a document’s root file has ‘\input{chap1}’
+ For example, suppose that a document's root file has ‘\input{chap1}’
and this is ‘chap1.tex’.
\chapter{One}
@@ -14586,7 +14759,7 @@
The ‘\includeonly’ command controls which files will be read by LaTeX
under subsequent ‘\include’ commands. Its list of filenames is
comma-separated. It must appear in the preamble or even earlier, e.g.,
-the command line; it can’t appear in the document body.
+the command line; it can't appear in the document body.
This example root document, ‘constitution.tex’, brings in three
files, ‘preamble.tex’, ‘articles.tex’, and ‘amendments.tex’.
@@ -14615,7 +14788,7 @@
files appear in the document but also generates the auxiliary files
‘preamble.aux’, ‘articles.aux’, and ‘amendments.aux’. These contain
information such as page numbers and cross-references (*note Cross
-references::). If you now comment out ‘\includeonly’’s lines with
+references::). If you now comment out ‘\includeonly’'s lines with
‘preamble’ and ‘amendments’ and run LaTeX again then the resulting
document shows only the material from ‘articles.tex’, not the material
from ‘preamble.tex’ or ‘amendments.tex’. Nonetheless, all of the
@@ -14735,7 +14908,7 @@
commands ‘\chapter’, etc.
This example illustrates the first command, ‘\tableofcontents’.
-LaTeX will produce a table of contents on the book’s first page.
+LaTeX will produce a table of contents on the book's first page.
\documentclass{book}
% \setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
@@ -14792,7 +14965,7 @@
‘\l at subsection{TEXT}{PAGENUMBER}’. These commands often use the
‘\@dottedtocline’ command (*note \@dottedtocline::).
- A consequence of LaTeX’s strategy of using auxiliary files is that to
+ A consequence of LaTeX's strategy of using auxiliary files is that to
get the correct information in the document you must run LaTeX twice,
once to store the information and the second time to retrieve it. In
the ordinary course of writing a document authors run LaTeX a number of
@@ -14953,7 +15126,7 @@
\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
-then you don’t get an error but the formatting in the table of contents
+then you don't get an error but the formatting in the table of contents
will not make sense.
25.1.3 ‘\addtocontents’
@@ -15204,7 +15377,7 @@
\protect::).
For example, as described in *note Indexes::, one way to get an index
-from what’s below is to compile the document with ‘pdflatex test’, then
+from what's below is to compile the document with ‘pdflatex test’, then
process the index entries with ‘makeindex test’, and then compile again
with ‘pdflatex test’.
@@ -15404,7 +15577,7 @@
‘item_x1’
What is put between a level 0 item and a level 1 item in the case
- that the level 0 item doesn’t have any page numbers (as in
+ that the level 0 item doesn't have any page numbers (as in
‘\index{aaa|see{bbb}}’). Default: ‘"\n \\subitem "’.
‘item_12’
@@ -15413,7 +15586,7 @@
‘item_x2’
What is put between a level 1 item and a level 2 item, if the
- level 1 item doesn’t have page numbers. Default: ‘"\n \\subsubitem
+ level 1 item doesn't have page numbers. Default: ‘"\n \\subsubitem
"’.
‘delim_0’
@@ -15437,7 +15610,7 @@
range. Default: ‘"--"’.
‘line_max’
- An integer. Maximum length of an index entry’s line in the output,
+ An integer. Maximum length of an index entry's line in the output,
beyond which the line wraps. Default: ‘72’.
‘indent_space’
@@ -15668,10 +15841,10 @@
Additional material may come after the ‘\closing’. You can say who
is receiving a copy of the letter with a command like ‘\cc{the Boss \\
-the Boss's Boss}’. There’s a similar ‘\encl’ command for a list of
+the Boss's Boss}’. There's a similar ‘\encl’ command for a list of
enclosures. And, you can add a postscript with ‘\ps’.
- LaTeX’s default is to indent the sender name and the closing above it
+ LaTeX's default is to indent the sender name and the closing above it
by a length of ‘\longindentation’. By default this is ‘0.5\textwidth’.
To make them flush left, put ‘\setlength{\longindentation}{0em}’ in your
preamble.
@@ -15747,7 +15920,7 @@
\closing{TEXT}
- Produce the letter’s closing. This is optional, but usual. It
+ Produce the letter's closing. This is optional, but usual. It
appears at the end of a letter, above a handwritten signature. For
example:
@@ -15842,7 +16015,7 @@
\name{NAME}
- Optional. Sender’s name, used for printing on the envelope together
+ Optional. Sender's name, used for printing on the envelope together
with the return address.
26.8 ‘\opening’
@@ -15877,7 +16050,7 @@
\signature{FIRST LINE \\
... }
- The sender’s name. This command is optional, although its inclusion
+ The sender's name. This command is optional, although its inclusion
is usual.
The argument text appears at the end of the letter, after the
@@ -15887,7 +16060,7 @@
\signature{J Fred Muggs \\
White House}
- LaTeX’s default for the vertical space from the ‘\closing’ text down
+ LaTeX's default for the vertical space from the ‘\closing’ text down
to the ‘\signature’ text is ‘6\medskipamount’, which is six times
‘\medskipamount’ (where ‘\medskipamount’ is equal to a ‘\parskip’, which
in turn is defined by default here to 0.7em).
@@ -15911,7 +16084,7 @@
\telephone{NUMBER}
- The sender’s telephone number. This is typically in the preamble,
+ The sender's telephone number. This is typically in the preamble,
where it applies to all letters. This only appears if the ‘firstpage’
pagestyle is selected. If so, it appears on the lower right of the
page.
@@ -15975,7 +16148,7 @@
But filenames with a period can cause trouble: if TeX finds a FILENAME
of ‘presidents.dat’ it could look first for ‘presidents.dat.tex’ and
later for ‘presidents.dat’, or it could do the opposite. Your
-distribution’s documentation should say more, and if you find something
+distribution's documentation should say more, and if you find something
that works for you then you are good, but to ensure complete portability
the best thing is to use file names containing only the twenty six ASCII
letters (not case-sensitive) and the ten digits, along with underscore
@@ -15985,7 +16158,7 @@
error. It just considers that the stream is not open (test for this
with ‘\ifeof’; one recourse is the command ‘\InputIfFileExists’, *note
Class and package commands::). If you try to use the same number twice,
-LaTeX won’t give you an error. If you try to use a bad number then you
+LaTeX won't give you an error. If you try to use a bad number then you
get an error message like ‘! Bad number (16). <to be read again> = l.30
\openin16=test.jh’.
@@ -16084,7 +16257,7 @@
‘\renewcommand’ (among others) are replaced by their definitions before
being printed.
- LaTeX’s usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single space
+ LaTeX's usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single space
and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to ‘msg’. Use the
command ‘\space’ to get a single space, independent of surrounding
spaces. Use ‘^^J’ to get a newline. Get a percent character with
@@ -16161,7 +16334,7 @@
that you should use ‘#’ instead of ‘##’).
2. With the second, STRING is stored on the current list of things (as
- a TeX “whatsit” item) and kept until the page is shipped out and
+ a TeX "whatsit" item) and kept until the page is shipped out and
likewise the macros are unexpanded until ‘\shipout’. At
‘\shipout’, STRING is fully expanded.
@@ -16171,7 +16344,7 @@
protected or to have some other special definition for the write.
As a simple example of expansion with ‘\write’, STRING here contains
-a control sequence ‘\triplex’ which we’ve defined to be the text ‘XYZ’:
+a control sequence ‘\triplex’ which we've defined to be the text ‘XYZ’:
\newwrite\jhfile
\openout\jhfile=test.jh
@@ -16182,7 +16355,7 @@
followed by a newline.
The cases where NUMBER is 16, 17, or 18 are special. Because of
-‘\write’’s behavior when NUMBER is outside the range from 0 to 15
+‘\write’'s behavior when NUMBER is outside the range from 0 to 15
described above, in Plain TeX ‘\write16’ and ‘\write17’ were sometimes
used to write to the log file and the terminal; however, in LaTeX, the
natural way to do that is with ‘\typeout’ (*note \typeout::). The
@@ -16295,7 +16468,7 @@
\write18{SHELL_COMMAND}
Issue a command to the operating system shell. The operating system
-runs the command and LaTeX’s execution is blocked until that finishes.
+runs the command and LaTeX's execution is blocked until that finishes.
This sequence (on Unix)
@@ -16448,7 +16621,7 @@
eliminates most terminal output.
‘-jobname=STRING’
- Set the value of TeX’s “jobname” to the string. The log file and
+ Set the value of TeX's “jobname” to the string. The log file and
output file will then be named ‘STRING.log’ and ‘STRING.pdf’.
*note Jobname::.
@@ -16608,8 +16781,8 @@
Because of this catcode situation, using the jobname in a conditional
can become complicated. One solution is to use the macro ‘\IfBeginWith’
from the ‘xstring’ package in its star variant, which is insensitive to
-catcode. For example, in the following text the footnote “Including
-Respublica Bananensis Francorum.” is only present if the task name
+catcode. For example, in the following text the footnote "Including
+Respublica Bananensis Francorum." is only present if the task name
starts with ‘my-doc’.
If a democracy is just a regime where citizens vote then
@@ -16759,7 +16932,7 @@
‘\includeonly’. That will speed up compilation without losing any
information such as cross-references. (Material that does not need to
come on a new page is brought in with ‘\input’ instead of ‘\include’.
-You don’t get the cross-reference benefit with ‘\input’.)
+You don't get the cross-reference benefit with ‘\input’.)
\documentclass[titlepage]{book}
\usepackage{makeidx}\makeindex
@@ -16804,3150 +16977,3235 @@
* Menu:
-* $ inline math: math. (line 4479)
-* $$...$$ plain TeX display math: displaymath. (line 3585)
-* & (for table cells): tabular. (line 5451)
-* * prompt: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16642)
-* *, to \nocite all keys: Using BibTeX. (line 5982)
-* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7402)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2380)
-* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6985)
+* _ character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 755)
+* _ subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
+ (line 9463)
* --disable-write18 command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
+ (line 16640)
* --enable-write18 command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
+ (line 16640)
* --file-line-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16488)
+ (line 16661)
* --halt-on-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16485)
+ (line 16658)
* --help command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16429)
+ (line 16602)
* --interaction command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16432)
+ (line 16605)
* --jobname command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16449)
+ (line 16622)
* --no-file-line-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16488)
+ (line 16661)
* --no-shell-escape command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
+ (line 16640)
* --output-directory command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16454)
+ (line 16627)
* --shell-escape command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
+ (line 16640)
* --version command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 16424)
-* -1, write stream number: \write. (line 16127)
-* .aux file: Output files. (line 512)
+ (line 16597)
+* -1, write stream number: \write. (line 16300)
+* : (for math): Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 11396)
+* .aux file: Output files. (line 516)
* .aux file and BibTeX commands: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 5989)
-* .dvi file: Output files. (line 489)
-* .fmt file: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 15526)
-* .idx file: Indexes. (line 15116)
-* .idx file <1>: makeindex. (line 15315)
-* .ind file: makeindex. (line 15315)
-* .isty file: makeindex. (line 15327)
-* .lof file: Output files. (line 522)
+ (line 6148)
+* .dvi file: Output files. (line 493)
+* .fmt file: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 15699)
+* .idx file: Indexes. (line 15289)
+* .idx file <1>: makeindex. (line 15488)
+* .ind file: makeindex. (line 15488)
+* .isty file: makeindex. (line 15500)
+* .lof file: Output files. (line 526)
* .lof file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* .lof file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* .log file: Output files. (line 507)
-* .lot file: Output files. (line 522)
+ (line 14897)
+* .lof file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* .log file: Output files. (line 511)
+* .lot file: Output files. (line 526)
* .lot file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* .lot file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* .pdf file: Output files. (line 499)
+ (line 14897)
+* .lot file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* .pdf file: Output files. (line 503)
* .tex, default extension: Command line interface.
- (line 16381)
-* .toc file: Output files. (line 522)
+ (line 16554)
+* .toc file: Output files. (line 526)
* .toc file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* .toc file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 567)
-* /bin/sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16346)
-* 10pt option: Document class options.
- (line 789)
-* 11pt option: Document class options.
- (line 789)
-* 12pt option: Document class options.
- (line 789)
-* : (for math): Colon character & \colon.
- (line 11219)
+ (line 14897)
+* .toc file <2>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 572)
* [...] (for optional arguments): LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 617)
-* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 11941)
+ (line 773)
+* { character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* {...} (for required arguments): LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 773)
+* } character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* * prompt: Recovering from errors.
+ (line 16815)
+* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+ (line 7566)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2539)
+* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+ (line 7149)
+* *, to \nocite all keys: Using BibTeX. (line 6141)
+* /bin/sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16519)
+* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 12118)
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 617)
-* \!: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10980)
-* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 14198)
-* \#: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \$: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \%: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \&: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 14202)
-* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5299)
-* \(...\) inline math: math. (line 4479)
-* \*: \*. (line 11239)
-* \+: tabbing. (line 5291)
+ (line 773)
+* \ character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 736)
+* \_: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \-: tabbing. (line 5454)
+* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 6516)
* \,: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10966)
-* \-: tabbing. (line 5295)
-* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 6358)
-* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 14205)
-* \/: \/. (line 12090)
+ (line 11143)
+* \;: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 11119)
* \:: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10955)
-* \;: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10942)
-* \<: tabbing. (line 5287)
-* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 14209)
-* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5281)
-* \>: tabbing. (line 5285)
+ (line 11132)
+* \!: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 11157)
+* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 14383)
+* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 14380)
+* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5458)
+* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 14376)
+* \(...\) inline math: math. (line 4638)
+* \[...\] display math: displaymath. (line 3738)
+* \{: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \}: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \@: \@. (line 12035)
+* \@auxout: \write. (line 16315)
+* \@beginparpenalty: list. (line 4520)
+* \@dottedtocline: \@dottedtocline. (line 15020)
+* \@endparpenalty: list. (line 4528)
+* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 6892)
+* \@ifstar: \@ifstar. (line 7380)
+* \@itempenalty: list. (line 4524)
+* \@mainaux: \write. (line 16315)
+* \@startsection: \@startsection. (line 3025)
+* \*: \*. (line 11416)
+* \/: \/. (line 12267)
+* \\ (for \author): \maketitle. (line 11598)
+* \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 5192)
+* \\ (for \title): \maketitle. (line 11619)
+* \\ (for center): center. (line 3582)
+* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3890)
+* \\ (for flushleft): flushleft. (line 4072)
+* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 4132)
+* \\ (for letters): Letters. (line 15841)
+* \\ (for tabular): tabular. (line 5614)
+* \\ (for verse): verse. (line 6352)
+* \\ (force line break): \\. (line 6390)
+* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5437)
+* \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3896)
+* \&: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \#: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \%: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 14395)
+* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5464)
+* \^: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14050)
+* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 14391)
+* \+: tabbing. (line 5450)
+* \<: tabbing. (line 5446)
+* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 14387)
+* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5440)
+* \>: tabbing. (line 5444)
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10955)
-* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5284)
-* \@: \@. (line 11858)
-* \@auxout: \write. (line 16142)
-* \@beginparpenalty: list. (line 4361)
-* \@dottedtocline: \@dottedtocline. (line 14847)
-* \@endparpenalty: list. (line 4369)
-* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 6733)
-* \@ifstar: \@ifstar. (line 7216)
-* \@itempenalty: list. (line 4365)
-* \@mainaux: \write. (line 16142)
-* \@startsection: \@startsection. (line 2866)
-* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5314)
-* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5315)
-* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5315)
+ (line 11132)
+* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5443)
+* \|: Math symbols. (line 9538)
+* \~: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14050)
+* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 14399)
+* \$: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14045)
+* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5473)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5474)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5474)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5474)
* \aa (å): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14322)
+ (line 14500)
* \AA (Å): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14322)
-* \accent: \accent. (line 14271)
-* \acute: Math accents. (line 10836)
-* \addcontentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 14882)
-* \address: \address. (line 15704)
-* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 14961)
-* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 8483)
-* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 8741)
-* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 12425)
+ (line 14500)
+* \accent: \accent. (line 14449)
+* \acute: Math accents. (line 11006)
+* \addcontentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 15055)
+* \address: \address. (line 15877)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 15134)
+* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 8653)
+* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 8911)
+* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 12602)
* \ae (æ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14326)
+ (line 14504)
* \AE (Æ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14326)
-* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 9371)
-* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 3696)
-* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 9374)
+ (line 14504)
+* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 9541)
+* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 3855)
* \alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8358)
+ (line 8528)
* \Alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8363)
-* \alsoname: \index. (line 15250)
-* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 9377)
-* \and (for \author): \maketitle. (line 11421)
-* \angle: Math symbols. (line 9380)
-* \appendix: \appendix. (line 2796)
-* \approx: Math symbols. (line 9384)
+ (line 8533)
+* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 9544)
+* \alsoname: \index. (line 15423)
+* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 9547)
+* \and (for \author): \maketitle. (line 11598)
+* \angle: Math symbols. (line 9550)
+* \appendix: \appendix. (line 2955)
+* \approx: Math symbols. (line 9554)
* \arabic{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8368)
-* \arccos: Math functions. (line 10719)
-* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 10722)
-* \arctan: Math functions. (line 10725)
-* \arg: Math functions. (line 10728)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 3382)
-* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 5576)
-* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 5582)
-* \ast: Math symbols. (line 9387)
-* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 9394)
-* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3609)
+ (line 8538)
+* \arccos: Math functions. (line 10889)
+* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 10892)
+* \arctan: Math functions. (line 10895)
+* \arg: Math functions. (line 10898)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 3541)
+* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 5735)
+* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 5741)
+* \ast: Math symbols. (line 9557)
+* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 9564)
+* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3768)
* \AtBeginDvi: \AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi.
- (line 7843)
-* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 3625)
+ (line 8013)
+* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 3784)
* \AtEndDvi: \AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi.
- (line 7843)
+ (line 8013)
* \AtEndOfClass: \AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage.
- (line 7859)
+ (line 8029)
* \AtEndOfPackage: \AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage.
- (line 7859)
-* \author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}: \maketitle. (line 11420)
-* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5315)
-* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 14224)
+ (line 8029)
+* \author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}: \maketitle. (line 11597)
+* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 14402)
* \backmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 9397)
-* \bar: Math accents. (line 10839)
+ (line 2989)
+* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 9567)
+* \bar: Math accents. (line 11009)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1713)
+ (line 1872)
* \baselineskip <1>: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
+ (line 2196)
* \baselinestretch: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* \begin: Environments. (line 3274)
-* \beta: Math symbols. (line 9401)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 1491)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 1456)
+ (line 2196)
+* \begin: Environments. (line 3433)
+* \beta: Math symbols. (line 9571)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 1650)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 1615)
* \bibdata: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 5999)
-* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 5804)
-* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 5927)
+ (line 6158)
+* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 5963)
+* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 6086)
* \bibliography and internal \bibdata: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6000)
-* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 5927)
+ (line 6159)
+* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 6086)
* \bibliographystyle and internal \bibstyle: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6003)
-* \bibname: thebibliography. (line 5787)
+ (line 6162)
+* \bibname: thebibliography. (line 5946)
* \bibstyle: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6002)
+ (line 6161)
* \bigbreak: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak.
- (line 12233)
-* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 9404)
-* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 9408)
-* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 9411)
+ (line 12410)
+* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 9574)
+* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 9578)
+* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 9581)
* \bigl: \bigl & \bigr etc..
- (line 10516)
-* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 9415)
-* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 9418)
-* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 9421)
+ (line 10686)
+* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 9585)
+* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 9588)
+* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 9591)
* \bigr: \bigl & \bigr etc..
- (line 10516)
+ (line 10686)
* \bigskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12184)
+ (line 12361)
* \bigskip <1>: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12206)
+ (line 12383)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12207)
-* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 9432)
-* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 9424)
-* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 9428)
-* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 9435)
-* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 9439)
-* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 9442)
-* \bmod: Math functions. (line 10731)
+ (line 12384)
+* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 9602)
+* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 9594)
+* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 9598)
+* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 9605)
+* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 9609)
+* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 9612)
+* \bmod: Math functions. (line 10901)
* \boldmath: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 10243)
+ (line 10413)
* \boldmath <1>: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 10251)
-* \bot: Math symbols. (line 9445)
-* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 2219)
-* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2220)
-* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 9449)
-* \Box: Math symbols. (line 9452)
-* \breve: Math accents. (line 10842)
-* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 9457)
-* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 14234)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 1494)
-* \cap: Math symbols. (line 9460)
-* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 14202)
-* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 14262)
-* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 14266)
-* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 14234)
-* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 14213)
-* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 14198)
-* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 14238)
-* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 14217)
-* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 14242)
-* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 14209)
-* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 14256)
-* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 14246)
-* \capitalring: Accents. (line 14250)
-* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 14256)
-* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 14221)
-* \caption: \caption. (line 2281)
-* \caption <1>: figure. (line 3819)
-* \caption <2>: table. (line 5403)
-* \cc: \cc. (line 15729)
-* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 9464)
-* \cdots: Dots. (line 10613)
-* \centering: \centering. (line 3461)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* \chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2496)
-* \check: Math accents. (line 10845)
-* \CheckCommand: \CheckCommand. (line 7876)
-* \chi: Math symbols. (line 9467)
-* \circ: Math symbols. (line 9470)
-* \circle: \circle. (line 4948)
+ (line 10421)
+* \bot: Math symbols. (line 9615)
+* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 2378)
+* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2379)
+* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 9619)
+* \Box: Math symbols. (line 9622)
+* \breve: Math accents. (line 11012)
+* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 9627)
+* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 14412)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 1653)
+* \cap: Math symbols. (line 9630)
+* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 14380)
+* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 14440)
+* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 14444)
+* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 14412)
+* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 14391)
+* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 14376)
+* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 14416)
+* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 14395)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 14420)
+* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 14387)
+* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 14434)
+* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 14424)
+* \capitalring: Accents. (line 14428)
+* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 14434)
+* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 14399)
+* \caption: \caption. (line 2440)
+* \caption <1>: figure. (line 3978)
+* \caption <2>: table. (line 5562)
+* \cc: \cc. (line 15902)
+* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 9634)
+* \cdots: Dots. (line 10783)
+* \centering: \centering. (line 3620)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* \chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2655)
+* \check: Math accents. (line 11015)
+* \CheckCommand: \CheckCommand. (line 8046)
+* \chi: Math symbols. (line 9637)
+* \circ: Math symbols. (line 9640)
+* \circle: \circle. (line 5107)
* \citation: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6005)
-* \cite: \cite. (line 5862)
+ (line 6164)
+* \cite: \cite. (line 6021)
* \cite and internal \citation: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6006)
+ (line 6165)
* \ClassError: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7903)
+ (line 8073)
* \ClassInfo: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7903)
+ (line 8073)
* \ClassInfoNoLine: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7903)
+ (line 8073)
* \ClassWarning: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7903)
+ (line 8073)
* \ClassWarningNoLine: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7903)
+ (line 8073)
* \cleardoublepage: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6550)
+ (line 6708)
* \clearpage: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6550)
-* \cline: \cline. (line 5710)
+ (line 6708)
+* \cline: \cline. (line 5869)
* \closein: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
+ (line 16103)
* \closeout: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
-* \closing: \closing. (line 15745)
-* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 9474)
+ (line 16103)
+* \closing: \closing. (line 15918)
+* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 9644)
* \colon: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 11219)
-* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 1778)
+ (line 11396)
+* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 1937)
* \columnsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
+ (line 2063)
* \columnsep <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1907)
-* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 1784)
+ (line 2066)
+* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 1943)
* \columnseprule <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1905)
+ (line 2064)
* \columnseprule <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1907)
-* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 1791)
+ (line 2066)
+* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 1950)
* \columnwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1906)
+ (line 2065)
* \columnwidth <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1907)
-* \complement: Math symbols. (line 9477)
-* \cong: Math symbols. (line 9483)
+ (line 2066)
+* \complement: Math symbols. (line 9647)
+* \cong: Math symbols. (line 9653)
* \contentsline: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14780)
-* \contentsline <1>: \addcontentsline. (line 14886)
-* \contentsline <2>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 9486)
-* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 13962)
-* \cos: Math functions. (line 10734)
-* \cosh: Math functions. (line 10737)
-* \cot: Math functions. (line 10740)
-* \coth: Math functions. (line 10743)
-* \csc: Math functions. (line 10746)
-* \cup: Math symbols. (line 9489)
-* \CurrentOption: \CurrentOption. (line 7931)
-* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 14238)
-* \dag: Text symbols. (line 13966)
-* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 9493)
-* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 5158)
-* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 9496)
-* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11428)
+ (line 14953)
+* \contentsline <1>: \addcontentsline. (line 15059)
+* \contentsline <2>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 9656)
+* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 14140)
+* \cos: Math functions. (line 10904)
+* \cosh: Math functions. (line 10907)
+* \cot: Math functions. (line 10910)
+* \coth: Math functions. (line 10913)
+* \cprotect: \protect. (line 7868)
+* \cprotEnv: \protect. (line 7874)
+* \csc: Math functions. (line 10916)
+* \cup: Math symbols. (line 9659)
+* \CurrentOption: \CurrentOption. (line 8101)
+* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 14416)
+* \dag: Text symbols. (line 14144)
+* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 9663)
+* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 5317)
+* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 9666)
+* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11605)
* \day: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8532)
-* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 1824)
-* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1830)
-* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1837)
-* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 1803)
-* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 1842)
-* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 13969)
-* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 9500)
-* \ddot: Math accents. (line 10848)
-* \ddots: Dots. (line 10617)
+ (line 8702)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 1983)
+* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1989)
+* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1996)
+* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 1962)
+* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 2001)
+* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 14147)
+* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 9670)
+* \ddot: Math accents. (line 11018)
+* \ddots: Dots. (line 10787)
* \DeclareFontEncoding: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1105)
+ (line 1264)
* \DeclareGraphicsExtensions: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
- (line 13033)
+ (line 13210)
* \DeclareGraphicsRule: \DeclareGraphicsRule.
- (line 13075)
-* \DeclareOption: \DeclareOption. (line 7938)
+ (line 13252)
+* \DeclareOption: \DeclareOption. (line 8108)
* \DeclareRobustCommand: \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 7977)
+ (line 8147)
* \DeclareTextAccent: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1139)
+ (line 1298)
* \DeclareTextAccent <1>: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1163)
+ (line 1322)
* \DeclareTextAccentDefault: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1163)
+ (line 1322)
* \DeclareTextCommand: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1191)
+ (line 1350)
* \DeclareTextCommandDefault: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1240)
+ (line 1399)
* \DeclareTextComposite: \DeclareTextComposite.
- (line 1272)
+ (line 1431)
* \DeclareTextCompositeCommand: \DeclareTextCompositeCommand.
- (line 1296)
+ (line 1455)
* \DeclareTextSymbol: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1222)
+ (line 1381)
* \DeclareTextSymbol <1>: \DeclareTextSymbol.
- (line 1314)
+ (line 1473)
* \DeclareTextSymbol <2>: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1341)
+ (line 1500)
* \DeclareTextSymbolDefault: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1341)
-* \deg: Math functions. (line 10749)
-* \DelayedShellEscape: \write18. (line 16357)
-* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 9503)
-* \delta: Math symbols. (line 9506)
-* \det: Math functions. (line 10752)
+ (line 1500)
+* \deg: Math functions. (line 10919)
+* \DelayedShellEscape: \write18. (line 16530)
+* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 9673)
+* \delta: Math symbols. (line 9676)
+* \det: Math functions. (line 10922)
* \dh (ð): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14330)
+ (line 14508)
* \DH (Ð): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14330)
-* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 9509)
-* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 9513)
-* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 9517)
-* \dim: Math functions. (line 10755)
-* \displaystyle: Math styles. (line 11168)
-* \div: Math symbols. (line 9520)
+ (line 14508)
+* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 9679)
+* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 9683)
+* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 9687)
+* \dim: Math functions. (line 10925)
+* \displaystyle: Math styles. (line 11345)
+* \div: Math symbols. (line 9690)
* \dj: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14336)
+ (line 14514)
* \DJ: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14336)
-* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 743)
-* \documentclass, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16586)
-* \DocumentMetadata: \DocumentMetadata. (line 690)
-* \dot: Math accents. (line 10851)
-* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 9523)
+ (line 14514)
+* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 902)
+* \documentclass, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16759)
+* \DocumentMetadata: \DocumentMetadata. (line 847)
+* \dot: Math accents. (line 11021)
+* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 9693)
* \dotfill: \hrulefill & \dotfill.
- (line 12135)
-* \dots: Dots. (line 10622)
-* \dots <1>: Dots. (line 10645)
-* \dots <2>: Text symbols. (line 13991)
-* \dotsb: Dots. (line 10645)
-* \dotsc: Dots. (line 10645)
-* \dotsi: Dots. (line 10645)
-* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 5587)
-* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9527)
-* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9531)
-* \ds at OPTION: \ExecuteOptions. (line 8027)
-* \ell: Math symbols. (line 9535)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 1476)
-* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 9538)
-* \encl: \encl. (line 15758)
-* \end: Environments. (line 3274)
-* \endinput: \endinput. (line 14535)
-* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 6625)
+ (line 12312)
+* \dots: Dots. (line 10792)
+* \dots <1>: Dots. (line 10815)
+* \dots <2>: Text symbols. (line 14169)
+* \dotsb: Dots. (line 10815)
+* \dotsc: Dots. (line 10815)
+* \dotsi: Dots. (line 10815)
+* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 5746)
+* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9697)
+* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9701)
+* \ds at OPTION: \ExecuteOptions. (line 8197)
+* \ell: Math symbols. (line 9705)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 1635)
+* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 9708)
+* \encl: \encl. (line 15931)
+* \end: Environments. (line 3433)
+* \endinput: \endinput. (line 14708)
+* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 6783)
* \enspace: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11666)
-* \enumi: enumerate. (line 3682)
-* \enumii: enumerate. (line 3682)
-* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 3682)
-* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 3682)
-* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 9541)
-* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 9547)
-* \eta: Math symbols. (line 9550)
+ (line 11843)
+* \enumi: enumerate. (line 3841)
+* \enumii: enumerate. (line 3841)
+* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 3841)
+* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 3841)
+* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 9711)
+* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 9717)
+* \eta: Math symbols. (line 9720)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 859)
+ (line 1018)
* \evensidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1965)
+ (line 2124)
* \evensidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1966)
-* \ExecuteOptions: \ExecuteOptions. (line 8023)
-* \exists: Math symbols. (line 9553)
-* \exp: Math functions. (line 10758)
-* \externaldocument: xr package. (line 3220)
-* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 5527)
-* \fbox: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12571)
+ (line 2125)
+* \ExecuteOptions: \ExecuteOptions. (line 8193)
+* \exists: Math symbols. (line 9723)
+* \exp: Math functions. (line 10928)
+* \externaldocument: xr package. (line 3379)
+* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 5686)
+* \fbox: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12748)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5135)
-* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12603)
-* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12602)
+ (line 5294)
+* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12780)
+* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12779)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5135)
-* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12608)
-* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12607)
-* \fill: \hfill. (line 11752)
-* \flat: Math symbols. (line 9556)
-* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 2223)
-* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 2224)
-* \floatsep: Floats. (line 2239)
-* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2240)
-* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 1871)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 6733)
+ (line 5294)
+* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12785)
+* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12784)
+* \fill: \hfill. (line 11929)
+* \flat: Math symbols. (line 9726)
+* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 2382)
+* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 2383)
+* \floatsep: Floats. (line 2398)
+* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2399)
+* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 2030)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 6892)
* \fnsymbol{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8381)
-* \fontdimen1: \/. (line 12124)
+ (line 8551)
+* \fontdimen1: \/. (line 12301)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1623)
+ (line 1782)
* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1633)
+ (line 1792)
* \fontseries: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1660)
+ (line 1819)
* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1700)
+ (line 1859)
* \fontsize: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1713)
-* \footnote: \footnote. (line 6715)
-* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 6781)
-* \footnoterule: \footnote. (line 6743)
-* \footnotesep: \footnote. (line 6755)
-* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 6837)
+ (line 1872)
+* \footnote: \footnote. (line 6873)
+* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 6944)
+* \footnoterule: \footnote. (line 6902)
+* \footnotesep: \footnote. (line 6918)
+* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 7001)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1924)
+ (line 2083)
* \footskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1925)
-* \forall: Math symbols. (line 9559)
-* \frac: \frac. (line 11255)
-* \frame: \frame. (line 5146)
+ (line 2084)
+* \forall: Math symbols. (line 9729)
+* \frac: \frac. (line 11432)
+* \frame: \frame. (line 5305)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5110)
-* \framebox <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12571)
+ (line 5269)
+* \framebox <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12748)
* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
- (line 11907)
+ (line 12084)
* \frontmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* \frown: Math symbols. (line 9562)
-* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6426)
-* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 9565)
-* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 9568)
-* \gcd: Math functions. (line 10761)
-* \ge: Math symbols. (line 9571)
-* \geq: Math symbols. (line 9575)
-* \gets: Math symbols. (line 9579)
-* \gg: Math symbols. (line 9582)
-* \gls: \gls. (line 15596)
-* \graphicspath: \graphicspath. (line 12970)
-* \graphpaper: \graphpaper. (line 4851)
-* \grave: Math accents. (line 10854)
-* \guillemetleft («): Text symbols. (line 13978)
-* \guillemetright (»): Text symbols. (line 13979)
-* \guillemotleft («): Text symbols. (line 13980)
-* \guillemotright (»): Text symbols. (line 13981)
-* \guilsinglleft (‹): Text symbols. (line 13982)
-* \guilsinglright (›): Text symbols. (line 13983)
-* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 14242)
-* \hat: Math accents. (line 10857)
-* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 9585)
+ (line 2989)
+* \frown: Math symbols. (line 9732)
+* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6584)
+* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 9735)
+* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 9738)
+* \gcd: Math functions. (line 10931)
+* \ge: Math symbols. (line 9741)
+* \geq: Math symbols. (line 9745)
+* \gets: Math symbols. (line 9749)
+* \gg: Math symbols. (line 9752)
+* \gls: \gls. (line 15769)
+* \graphicspath: \graphicspath. (line 13147)
+* \graphpaper: \graphpaper. (line 5010)
+* \grave: Math accents. (line 11024)
+* \guillemetleft («): Text symbols. (line 14156)
+* \guillemetright (»): Text symbols. (line 14157)
+* \guillemotleft («): Text symbols. (line 14158)
+* \guillemotright (»): Text symbols. (line 14159)
+* \guilsinglleft (‹): Text symbols. (line 14160)
+* \guilsinglright (›): Text symbols. (line 14161)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 14420)
+* \hat: Math accents. (line 11027)
+* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 9755)
* \headheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1912)
+ (line 2071)
* \headheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1913)
+ (line 2072)
* \headsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1917)
+ (line 2076)
* \headsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1918)
-* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 9588)
-* \hfill: \hfill. (line 11740)
-* \hline: \hline. (line 5732)
-* \hom: Math functions. (line 10764)
-* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9591)
-* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9594)
+ (line 2077)
+* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 9758)
+* \hfill: \hfill. (line 11917)
+* \hline: \hline. (line 5891)
+* \hom: Math functions. (line 10934)
+* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9761)
+* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9764)
* \hphantom: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
+ (line 11237)
* \hrulefill: \hrulefill & \dotfill.
- (line 12135)
+ (line 12312)
* \hsize: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2017)
+ (line 2176)
* \hsize <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2018)
-* \hspace: \hspace. (line 11693)
-* \hss: \hss. (line 11773)
-* \huge: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6468)
-* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 14192)
-* \IfBeginWith* macro from xstring: Jobname. (line 16607)
-* \iff: Math symbols. (line 9597)
+ (line 2177)
+* \hspace: \hspace. (line 11870)
+* \hss: \hss. (line 11950)
+* \huge: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6626)
+* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 14370)
+* \IfBeginWith* macro from xstring: Jobname. (line 16780)
+* \iff: Math symbols. (line 9767)
* \IfFileExists: \IfFileExists & \InputIfFileExists.
- (line 8039)
+ (line 8209)
* \ignorespaces: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7711)
+ (line 7881)
* \ignorespacesafterend: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7711)
+ (line 7881)
* \ij (ij): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14342)
+ (line 14520)
* \IJ (IJ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14342)
-* \Im: Math symbols. (line 9601)
-* \imath: Math symbols. (line 9604)
-* \immediate\write: \write. (line 16157)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 9608)
+ (line 14520)
+* \Im: Math symbols. (line 9771)
+* \imath: Math symbols. (line 9774)
+* \immediate\write: \write. (line 16330)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 9778)
* \include: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 14567)
-* \includegraphics: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
+ (line 14740)
+* \includegraphics: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
* \includeonly: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 14567)
+ (line 14740)
* \indent: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 9096)
-* \index: Indexes. (line 15116)
-* \index <1>: \index. (line 15198)
-* \indexentry: \index. (line 15300)
+ (line 9266)
+* \index: Indexes. (line 15289)
+* \index <1>: \index. (line 15371)
+* \indexentry: \index. (line 15473)
* \indexspace: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15187)
-* \indexspace <1>: makeindex. (line 15368)
-* \inf: Math functions. (line 10767)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 9612)
-* \input: \input. (line 14686)
-* \inputencoding: inputenc package. (line 14417)
+ (line 15360)
+* \indexspace <1>: makeindex. (line 15541)
+* \inf: Math functions. (line 10937)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 9782)
+* \input: \input. (line 14859)
+* \inputencoding: inputenc package. (line 14591)
* \InputIfFileExists: \IfFileExists & \InputIfFileExists.
- (line 8039)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 9615)
-* \intextsep: Floats. (line 2243)
-* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 2244)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 9618)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 1497)
-* \item: description. (line 3528)
-* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 3664)
-* \item <2>: itemize. (line 4014)
-* \item <3>: itemize. (line 4038)
+ (line 8209)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 9785)
+* \intextsep: Floats. (line 2402)
+* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 2403)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 9788)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 1656)
+* \item: description. (line 3687)
+* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 3823)
+* \item <2>: itemize. (line 4172)
+* \item <3>: itemize. (line 4196)
* \item <4>: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15187)
-* \itemindent: list. (line 4185)
-* \itemsep: list. (line 4189)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 1450)
-* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 14192)
-* \jmath: Math symbols. (line 9624)
-* \jobname: Jobname. (line 16560)
-* \jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16600)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 9621)
-* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 14246)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 9628)
-* \ker: Math functions. (line 10770)
-* \kill: tabbing. (line 5319)
+ (line 15360)
+* \itemindent: list. (line 4344)
+* \itemsep: list. (line 4348)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 1609)
+* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 14370)
+* \jmath: Math symbols. (line 9794)
+* \jobname: Jobname. (line 16733)
+* \jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16773)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 9791)
+* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 14424)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 9798)
+* \ker: Math functions. (line 10940)
+* \kill: tabbing. (line 5478)
* \l (ł): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14346)
+ (line 14524)
* \L (Ł): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14346)
-* \l at chapter: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \l at section: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \l at subsection: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \label: \label. (line 3109)
-* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 3691)
-* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 3691)
-* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 3691)
-* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 3691)
-* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 4050)
-* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 4050)
-* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 4050)
-* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 4050)
-* \labelsep: list. (line 4201)
-* \labelwidth: list. (line 4206)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 9631)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 9634)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 9637)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 9641)
-* \large: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \Large: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 1566)
+ (line 14524)
+* \l at chapter: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \l at section: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \l at subsection: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \label: \label. (line 3268)
+* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 3850)
+* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 3850)
+* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 3850)
+* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 3850)
+* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 4208)
+* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 4208)
+* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 4208)
+* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 4208)
+* \labelsep: list. (line 4360)
+* \labelwidth: list. (line 4365)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 9801)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 9804)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 9807)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 9811)
+* \large: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \Large: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 1725)
* \LastDeclaredEncoding: \LastDeclaredEncoding.
- (line 1367)
-* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13972)
-* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 13975)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 9645)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 9648)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 9651)
-* \ldots: Dots. (line 10620)
-* \ldots <1>: Text symbols. (line 13989)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 9655)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 9658)
-* \left: \left & \right. (line 10408)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9664)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9668)
-* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 3746)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9672)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9675)
-* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 4226)
-* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 4066)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9678)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9682)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 9686)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 9689)
-* \lg: Math functions. (line 10773)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 9692)
-* \lim: Math functions. (line 10776)
-* \liminf: Math functions. (line 10779)
-* \limsup: Math functions. (line 10782)
-* \line: \line. (line 4875)
+ (line 1526)
+* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 14150)
+* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 14153)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 9815)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 9818)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 9821)
+* \ldots: Dots. (line 10790)
+* \ldots <1>: Text symbols. (line 14167)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 9825)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 9828)
+* \left: \left & \right. (line 10578)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9834)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9838)
+* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 3905)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9842)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9845)
+* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 4385)
+* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 4224)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9848)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9852)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 9856)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 9859)
+* \lg: Math functions. (line 10943)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 9862)
+* \lim: Math functions. (line 10946)
+* \liminf: Math functions. (line 10949)
+* \limsup: Math functions. (line 10952)
+* \line: \line. (line 5034)
* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6487)
+ (line 6645)
* \lineskip: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2076)
+ (line 2235)
* \lineskiplimit: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2076)
+ (line 2235)
* \linespread: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1724)
+ (line 1883)
* \linespread <1>: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 4919)
+ (line 2196)
+* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 5078)
* \linewidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1931)
+ (line 2090)
* \linewidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1932)
+ (line 2091)
* \listoffigures: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* \listoffigures <1>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
+ (line 14897)
+* \listoffigures <1>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
* \listoftables: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* \listoftables <1>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \listparindent: list. (line 4243)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 9698)
-* \ln: Math functions. (line 10785)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 9701)
+ (line 14897)
+* \listoftables <1>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \listparindent: list. (line 4402)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 9868)
+* \ln: Math functions. (line 10955)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 9871)
* \LoadClass: \LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions.
- (line 8075)
+ (line 8245)
* \LoadClassWithOptions: \LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions.
- (line 8075)
-* \location: \location. (line 15773)
-* \log: Math functions. (line 10788)
-* \long command, checking for: \CheckCommand. (line 7876)
+ (line 8245)
+* \location: \location. (line 15946)
+* \log: Math functions. (line 10958)
+* \long command, checking for: \CheckCommand. (line 8046)
* \long, not defining a command as: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6985)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9704)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9708)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 9712)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9716)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 9720)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 13996)
+ (line 7149)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9874)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9878)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 9882)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9886)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 9890)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 14174)
* \mainmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
+ (line 2989)
* \makeatother: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7170)
+ (line 7334)
* \makeatother <1>: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7170)
-* \makebox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12482)
+ (line 7334)
+* \makebox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12659)
* \makebox (for picture): \makebox (picture).
- (line 5072)
-* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 15489)
-* \makeglossary <1>: Glossaries. (line 15526)
-* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 15116)
-* \makelabel: list. (line 4162)
-* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 15783)
-* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 11384)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 9724)
-* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9177)
+ (line 5231)
+* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 15662)
+* \makeglossary <1>: Glossaries. (line 15699)
+* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 15289)
+* \makelabel: list. (line 4321)
+* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 15956)
+* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 11561)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 9894)
+* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9347)
* \marginparpush: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1938)
+ (line 2097)
* \marginparpush <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1941)
-* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 9206)
-* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 9211)
+ (line 2100)
+* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 9376)
+* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 9381)
* \marginparwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1940)
+ (line 2099)
* \marginparwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1941)
-* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 9215)
+ (line 2100)
+* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 9385)
* \marginsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1939)
+ (line 2098)
* \marginsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1941)
-* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11593)
-* \markright{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11602)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 1527)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 1543)
-* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 10184)
-* \mathellipsis: Dots. (line 10621)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 1540)
-* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 10187)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 10860)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 1524)
-* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 10190)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 1530)
-* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 10193)
-* \mathstrut: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 1533)
-* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 10196)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 1545)
-* \max: Math functions. (line 10791)
-* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12482)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 1453)
+ (line 2100)
+* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11770)
+* \markright{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11779)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 1686)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 1702)
+* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 10354)
+* \mathellipsis: Dots. (line 10791)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 1699)
+* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 10357)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 11030)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 1683)
+* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 10360)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 1689)
+* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 10363)
+* \mathstrut: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 1692)
+* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 10366)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 1704)
+* \max: Math functions. (line 10961)
+* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12659)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 1612)
* \medbreak: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak.
- (line 12233)
+ (line 12410)
* \medskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12184)
+ (line 12361)
* \medskip <1>: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12211)
+ (line 12388)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12212)
+ (line 12389)
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10955)
-* \message: \message. (line 16228)
+ (line 11132)
+* \message: \message. (line 16401)
* \MessageBreak, and message text: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7921)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 9728)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 9731)
-* \min: Math functions. (line 10794)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 9741)
+ (line 8091)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 9898)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 9901)
+* \min: Math functions. (line 10964)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 9911)
* \month: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8532)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 9745)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 9748)
-* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 5602)
-* \multiput: \multiput. (line 4788)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 9751)
-* \name: \name. (line 15840)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 9754)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 9757)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 9760)
-* \NeedsTeXFormat: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8105)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 9763)
+ (line 8702)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 9915)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 9918)
+* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 5761)
+* \multiput: \multiput. (line 4947)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 9921)
+* \name: \name. (line 16013)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 9924)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 9927)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 9930)
+* \NeedsTeXFormat: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8275)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 9933)
* \negmedspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10961)
+ (line 11138)
* \negthickspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10949)
+ (line 11126)
* \negthinspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10980)
+ (line 11157)
* \negthinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 9767)
+ (line 12238)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 9937)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
-* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 7288)
+ (line 7127)
+* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 7452)
* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7381)
-* \newfont: \newfont. (line 7627)
-* \newglossaryentry: \newglossaryentry. (line 15537)
-* \newlength: \newlength. (line 7329)
-* \newline: \newline. (line 6334)
-* \<NEWLINE>: \(SPACE). (line 11941)
-* \newpage: \newpage. (line 6592)
+ (line 7545)
+* \newfont: \newfont. (line 7791)
+* \newglossaryentry: \newglossaryentry. (line 15710)
+* \newlength: \newlength. (line 7493)
+* \newline: \newline. (line 6492)
+* \<NEWLINE>: \(SPACE). (line 12118)
+* \newpage: \newpage. (line 6750)
* \newrobustcmd (etoolbox package): \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 8003)
-* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 7353)
-* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 7515)
-* \newtie: Accents. (line 14256)
-* \newwrite: \write. (line 16121)
+ (line 8173)
+* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 7517)
+* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 7679)
+* \newtie: Accents. (line 14434)
+* \newwrite: \write. (line 16294)
* \ng: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14350)
+ (line 14528)
* \NG: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14350)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 9770)
-* \nobreakspace: ~. (line 11998)
-* \nocite: \nocite. (line 5912)
+ (line 14528)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 9940)
+* \nobreakspace: ~. (line 12175)
+* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6071)
+* \nocite {*}, for all keys: Using BibTeX. (line 6141)
* \nocite and internal \citation: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 6006)
-* \nocite {*}, for all keys: Using BibTeX. (line 5982)
-* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 1438)
-* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 1438)
-* \nofiles: \nofiles. (line 15060)
+ (line 6165)
+* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 1597)
+* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 1597)
+* \nofiles: \nofiles. (line 15233)
* \noindent: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 9096)
+ (line 9266)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6487)
+ (line 6645)
* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
- (line 11907)
-* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 3741)
+ (line 12084)
+* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 3900)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6650)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 1474)
-* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9193)
-* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 11931)
-* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 9774)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 9782)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 9786)
-* \numberline: \numberline. (line 15085)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 9789)
+ (line 6808)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 1633)
+* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9363)
+* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 12108)
+* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 9944)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 9952)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 9956)
+* \numberline: \numberline. (line 15258)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 9959)
* \o (ø): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14354)
+ (line 14532)
* \O (Ø): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14354)
+ (line 14532)
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 6294)
+ (line 6452)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 859)
+ (line 1018)
* \oddsidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1964)
+ (line 2123)
* \oddsidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1966)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 9792)
+ (line 2125)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 9962)
* \oe (œ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14358)
+ (line 14536)
* \OE (Œ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14358)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 9796)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 1549)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 9799)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 9802)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 9805)
-* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 1752)
+ (line 14536)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 9966)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 1708)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 9969)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 9972)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 9975)
+* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 1911)
* \openin: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
-* \opening: \opening. (line 15850)
+ (line 16103)
+* \opening: \opening. (line 16023)
* \openout: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 9808)
-* \OptionNotUsed: \OptionNotUsed. (line 8128)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 9812)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 9815)
-* \oval: \oval. (line 4967)
-* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10914)
-* \overline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10895)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 9819)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 13999)
+ (line 16103)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 9978)
+* \OptionNotUsed: \OptionNotUsed. (line 8298)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 9982)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 9985)
+* \oval: \oval. (line 5126)
+* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11086)
+* \overleftarrow{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11093)
+* \overline{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11067)
+* \overrightarrow{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11090)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 9989)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 14177)
* \PackageError: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7910)
+ (line 8080)
* \PackageInfo: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7910)
+ (line 8080)
* \PackageInfoNoLine: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7910)
+ (line 8080)
* \PackageWarning: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7910)
+ (line 8080)
* \PackageWarningNoLine: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7910)
+ (line 8080)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6650)
-* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 11456)
-* \pageref: \pageref. (line 3167)
-* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 11522)
+ (line 6808)
+* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 11633)
+* \pageref: \pageref. (line 3326)
+* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 11699)
* \paperheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1977)
+ (line 2136)
* \paperheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1978)
+ (line 2137)
* \paperwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1983)
+ (line 2142)
* \paperwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1984)
-* \par: \par. (line 9043)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 2143)
+* \par: \par. (line 9213)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* \paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 9823)
-* \parbox: \parbox. (line 12638)
-* \parindent: minipage. (line 4582)
+ (line 2890)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 9993)
+* \parbox: \parbox. (line 12815)
+* \parindent: minipage. (line 4741)
* \parindent <1>: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 9133)
+ (line 9303)
* \parindent <2>: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 9145)
-* \parsep: list. (line 4249)
+ (line 9315)
+* \parsep: list. (line 4408)
* \parskip: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 9145)
-* \parskip example: itemize. (line 4086)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* \part <1>: \part. (line 2442)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 9826)
-* \partopsep: list. (line 4258)
+ (line 9315)
+* \parskip example: itemize. (line 4244)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* \part <1>: \part. (line 2601)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 9996)
+* \partopsep: list. (line 4417)
* \PassOptionsToClass: \PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage.
- (line 8135)
+ (line 8305)
* \PassOptionsToClass, ignoring: \LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions.
- (line 8096)
+ (line 8266)
* \PassOptionsToPackage: \PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage.
- (line 8135)
+ (line 8305)
* \pdfpageheight: Document class options.
- (line 815)
+ (line 974)
* \pdfpagewidth: Document class options.
- (line 815)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 9829)
+ (line 974)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 9999)
* \phantom: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 9833)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 9836)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 9840)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 9843)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 9847)
-* \pmod: Math functions. (line 10797)
-* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 5325)
-* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 5326)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 14003)
-* \Pr: Math functions. (line 10800)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 9850)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 9853)
+ (line 11237)
+* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 10003)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 10006)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 10010)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 10013)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 10017)
+* \pmod: Math functions. (line 10967)
+* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 5484)
+* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 5485)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 14181)
+* \Pr: Math functions. (line 10970)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 10020)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 10023)
* \prevdepth: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2076)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 9857)
-* \printglossaries: Glossaries. (line 15489)
-* \printglossaries <1>: Glossaries. (line 15526)
-* \printindex: \printindex. (line 15474)
-* \ProcessOptions: \ProcessOptions. (line 8181)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 9866)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 9869)
-* \protect: \protect. (line 7659)
+ (line 2235)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 10027)
+* \printglossaries: Glossaries. (line 15662)
+* \printglossaries <1>: Glossaries. (line 15699)
+* \printindex: \printindex. (line 15647)
+* \ProcessOptions: \ProcessOptions. (line 8351)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 10036)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 10039)
+* \protect: \protect. (line 7823)
* \protect, and message text: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7921)
-* \protected at write: \write. (line 16167)
-* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 7141)
+ (line 8091)
+* \protected at write: \write. (line 16340)
+* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 7305)
* \providerobustcmd (etoolbox package): \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 8003)
+ (line 8173)
* \ProvidesClass: \ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage.
- (line 8225)
-* \ProvidesFile: \ProvidesFile. (line 8265)
+ (line 8395)
+* \ProvidesFile: \ProvidesFile. (line 8435)
* \ProvidesPackage: \ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage.
- (line 8225)
+ (line 8395)
* \ProvideTextCommand: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1191)
+ (line 1350)
* \ProvideTextCommandDefault: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1240)
-* \ps: \ps. (line 15862)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 9872)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 9875)
-* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 5328)
-* \put: \put. (line 4770)
-* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 4811)
+ (line 1399)
+* \ps: \ps. (line 16035)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 10042)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 10045)
+* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 5487)
+* \put: \put. (line 4929)
+* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 4970)
* \qquad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10994)
+ (line 11171)
* \qquad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11666)
+ (line 11843)
* \quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10988)
+ (line 11165)
* \quad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11666)
-* \quotedblbase („): Text symbols. (line 14007)
-* \quotesinglbase (‚): Text symbols. (line 14008)
-* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 14250)
-* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 1893)
-* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 3987)
-* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 3934)
-* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 12689)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 9878)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 9882)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 9885)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 9889)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 9892)
-* \read: \read. (line 15994)
-* \ref: \ref. (line 3191)
-* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* \refname: thebibliography. (line 5787)
-* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 8499)
+ (line 11843)
+* \quotedblbase („): Text symbols. (line 14185)
+* \quotesinglbase (‚): Text symbols. (line 14186)
+* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 14428)
+* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 2052)
+* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 4146)
+* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 4093)
+* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 12866)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 10048)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 10052)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 10055)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 10059)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 10062)
+* \read: \read. (line 16167)
+* \ref: \ref. (line 3350)
+* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* \refname: thebibliography. (line 5946)
+* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 8669)
* \renewcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
+ (line 7127)
* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7381)
+ (line 7545)
* \renewrobustcmd (etoolbox package): \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 8003)
+ (line 8173)
* \RequirePackage: \RequirePackage & \RequirePackageWithOptions.
- (line 8285)
-* \RequirePackage, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16586)
+ (line 8455)
+* \RequirePackage, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16759)
* \RequirePackageWithOptions: \RequirePackage & \RequirePackageWithOptions.
- (line 8285)
-* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 13569)
+ (line 8455)
+* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 13746)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 6294)
-* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 9897)
-* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 9902)
-* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9193)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 9907)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 9911)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 9917)
-* \right: \left & \right. (line 10408)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9921)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9925)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9929)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9932)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 9935)
-* \rightmargin: list. (line 4273)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 1500)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 1447)
+ (line 6452)
+* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 10067)
+* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 10072)
+* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 9363)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 10077)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 10081)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 10087)
+* \right: \left & \right. (line 10578)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 10091)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 10095)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 10099)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 10102)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 10105)
+* \rightmargin: list. (line 4432)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 1659)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 1606)
* \roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8371)
+ (line 8541)
* \Roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8376)
-* \rotatebox: \rotatebox. (line 13469)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 14011)
-* \rule: \rule. (line 14426)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 14014)
+ (line 8546)
+* \rotatebox: \rotatebox. (line 13646)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 14189)
+* \rule: \rule. (line 14599)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 14192)
* \samepage: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6688)
-* \savebox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12735)
-* \sbox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12735)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 1503)
-* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* \scriptscriptstyle: Math styles. (line 11168)
-* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \scriptstyle: Math styles. (line 11168)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 1468)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 9938)
-* \sec: Math functions. (line 10803)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* \section <1>: \section. (line 2589)
-* \seename: \index. (line 15250)
+ (line 6846)
+* \savebox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12912)
+* \sbox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12912)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 1662)
+* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* \scriptscriptstyle: Math styles. (line 11345)
+* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \scriptstyle: Math styles. (line 11345)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 1627)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 10108)
+* \sec: Math functions. (line 10973)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* \section <1>: \section. (line 2748)
+* \seename: \index. (line 15423)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1730)
-* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 8465)
-* \setlength: \setlength. (line 8712)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 9941)
-* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 8776)
-* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 8801)
-* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 8826)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 1506)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 1465)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 9946)
-* \ShellEscape: \write18. (line 16357)
-* \shipout and expansion: \write. (line 16162)
-* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 5004)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 9949)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 9952)
-* \signature: \signature. (line 15879)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 9956)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 9959)
-* \sin: Math functions. (line 10806)
-* \sinh: Math functions. (line 10809)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 1509)
-* \slash: \slash. (line 6392)
-* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6426)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 1462)
-* \small: Font sizes. (line 1566)
+ (line 1889)
+* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 8635)
+* \setlength: \setlength. (line 8882)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 10111)
+* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 8946)
+* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 8971)
+* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 8996)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 1665)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 1624)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 10116)
+* \ShellEscape: \write18. (line 16530)
+* \shipout and expansion: \write. (line 16335)
+* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 5163)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 10119)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 10122)
+* \signature: \signature. (line 16052)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 10126)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 10129)
+* \sin: Math functions. (line 10976)
+* \sinh: Math functions. (line 10979)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 1668)
+* \slash: \slash. (line 6550)
+* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6584)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 1621)
+* \small: Font sizes. (line 1725)
* \smallbreak: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak.
- (line 12233)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 9962)
+ (line 12410)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 10132)
* \smallskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12184)
+ (line 12361)
* \smallskip <1>: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12216)
+ (line 12393)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 12217)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 9966)
-* \<SPACE>: \(SPACE). (line 11941)
-* \<SPACE> <1>: \(SPACE). (line 11941)
+ (line 12394)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 10136)
+* \<SPACE>: \(SPACE). (line 12118)
+* \<SPACE> <1>: \(SPACE). (line 12118)
* \space: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 14649)
-* \space <1>: \input. (line 14712)
-* \space <2>: \typeout. (line 16086)
+ (line 14822)
+* \space <1>: \input. (line 14885)
+* \space <2>: \typeout. (line 16259)
* \space, and message text: \ClassError and \PackageError and others.
- (line 7921)
-* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 11799)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 9969)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 9972)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 9976)
-* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 11267)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 9980)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 9985)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 9989)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 9994)
+ (line 8091)
+* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 11976)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 10139)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 10142)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 10146)
+* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 11444)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 10150)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 10155)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 10159)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 10164)
* \ss (ß): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14362)
+ (line 14540)
* \SS (SS): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14362)
-* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 11284)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 9998)
-* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 8517)
+ (line 14540)
+* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 11461)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 10168)
+* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 8687)
* \stop: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16642)
-* \stretch: \stretch. (line 8851)
-* \strut: \strut. (line 12260)
+ (line 16815)
+* \stretch: \stretch. (line 9021)
+* \strut: \strut. (line 12437)
* \subitem: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15187)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 15360)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* \subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2667)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 10005)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 10008)
+ (line 2890)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2826)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 10175)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 10178)
* \subsubitem: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15187)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 15360)
+* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* \subsubsection <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 10011)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 10014)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 10018)
-* \sup: Math functions. (line 10812)
-* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 2212)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 10021)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 10024)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 10027)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 10032)
+ (line 2890)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 10181)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 10184)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 10188)
+* \sup: Math functions. (line 10982)
+* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 2371)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 10191)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 10194)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 10197)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 10202)
* \symbf: OpenType bold math.
- (line 10302)
+ (line 10472)
* \symbfit: OpenType bold math.
- (line 10302)
+ (line 10472)
* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13943)
-* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 14256)
-* \<TAB>: \(SPACE). (line 11941)
-* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 5333)
-* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 5591)
+ (line 14121)
+* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 14434)
+* \<TAB>: \(SPACE). (line 12118)
+* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 5492)
+* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 5750)
* \tableofcontents: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* \tableofcontents <1>: \contentsline. (line 15019)
-* \tan: Math functions. (line 10815)
-* \tanh: Math functions. (line 10818)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 10035)
-* \telephone: \telephone. (line 15909)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 14018)
-* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14063)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 14021)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 14024)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 14027)
-* \textbackslash: Reserved characters.
- (line 13872)
-* \textbackslash <1>: Text symbols. (line 14030)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 14038)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 14041)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 1456)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 14044)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 14047)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 14051)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 14055)
-* \textcapitalcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14062)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 14058)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14061)
-* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 13963)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 14070)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 14073)
-* \textdollar (or \$): Text symbols. (line 14076)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13990)
-* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 14079)
-* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 14085)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 14088)
-* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 14096)
-* \textfiguredash: Text symbols. (line 14099)
-* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 2248)
-* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2249)
-* \textfraction: Floats. (line 2227)
-* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2228)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 14106)
+ (line 14897)
+* \tableofcontents <1>: \contentsline. (line 15192)
+* \tan: Math functions. (line 10985)
+* \tanh: Math functions. (line 10988)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 10205)
+* \telephone: \telephone. (line 16082)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 14196)
+* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14241)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 14199)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 14202)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 14205)
+* \textbackslash: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14050)
+* \textbackslash <1>: Text symbols. (line 14208)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 14216)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 14219)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 1615)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 14222)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 14225)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 14229)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 14233)
+* \textcapitalcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14240)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 14236)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 14239)
+* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 14141)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 14248)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 14251)
+* \textdollar (or \$): Text symbols. (line 14254)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 14168)
+* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 14257)
+* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 14263)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 14266)
+* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 14274)
+* \textfiguredash: Text symbols. (line 14277)
+* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 2407)
+* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2408)
+* \textfraction: Floats. (line 2386)
+* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2387)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 14284)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1989)
+ (line 2148)
* \textheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1990)
-* \texthorizontalbar: Text symbols. (line 14109)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 1450)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 14117)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 14114)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 1453)
-* \textnonbreakinghyphen: Text symbols. (line 14120)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 1474)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 14126)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 14127)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 14000)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 14130)
-* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 14133)
-* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 14136)
-* \textquotedblright (or ''): Text symbols. (line 14139)
-* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 14142)
-* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 14145)
-* \textquotesingle: Text symbols. (line 14148)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 14151)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 14152)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 14155)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 14158)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 1447)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 1468)
-* \textsection: Text symbols. (line 14015)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 1465)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 1462)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 14004)
-* \textstyle: Math styles. (line 11168)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 14161)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 14164)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 1471)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 14167)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 14170)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 1459)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 14173)
+ (line 2149)
+* \texthorizontalbar: Text symbols. (line 14287)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 1609)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 14295)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 14292)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 1612)
+* \textnonbreakinghyphen: Text symbols. (line 14298)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 1633)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 14304)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 14305)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 14178)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 14308)
+* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 14311)
+* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 14314)
+* \textquotedblright (or ''): Text symbols. (line 14317)
+* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 14320)
+* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 14323)
+* \textquotesingle: Text symbols. (line 14326)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 14329)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 14330)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 14333)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 14336)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 1606)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 1627)
+* \textsection: Text symbols. (line 14193)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 1624)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 1621)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 14182)
+* \textstyle: Math styles. (line 11345)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 14339)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 14342)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 1630)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 14345)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 14348)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 1618)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 14351)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1997)
+ (line 2156)
* \textwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1998)
+ (line 2157)
* \th (þ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14366)
+ (line 14544)
* \TH (Þ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14366)
-* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11434)
-* \thepage: \thepage. (line 11636)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 10038)
-* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 4940)
+ (line 14544)
+* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11611)
+* \thepage: \thepage. (line 11813)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 10208)
+* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 5099)
* \thickspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10942)
-* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 4932)
+ (line 11119)
+* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 5091)
* \thinspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10966)
+ (line 11143)
* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
-* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 11608)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 10863)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 10042)
-* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 1566)
-* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11441)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 10045)
-* \today: \today. (line 14461)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 10049)
-* \topfraction: Floats. (line 2232)
-* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2233)
+ (line 12238)
+* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 11785)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 11033)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 10212)
+* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 1725)
+* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11618)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 10215)
+* \today: \today. (line 14634)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 10219)
+* \topfraction: Floats. (line 2391)
+* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2392)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2022)
-* \topsep: list. (line 4278)
+ (line 2181)
+* \topsep: list. (line 4437)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2029)
+ (line 2188)
* \topskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2030)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 10053)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 10056)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 10062)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 1512)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 1471)
-* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 1764)
-* \typein: \typein. (line 16025)
-* \typeout: \typeout. (line 16070)
-* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 14262)
+ (line 2189)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 10223)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 10226)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 10232)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 1671)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 1630)
+* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 1923)
+* \typein: \typein. (line 16198)
+* \typeout: \typeout. (line 16243)
+* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 14440)
* \unboldmath: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 10243)
+ (line 10413)
* \unboldmath <1>: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 10251)
-* \underbar: Accents. (line 14226)
-* \underbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10900)
-* \underline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10884)
-* \unitlength: picture. (line 4665)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 10068)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 10074)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 10080)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 10084)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 10088)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 10093)
-* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 10098)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 10103)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 1459)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 10108)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 10111)
-* \usebox: \usebox. (line 12844)
-* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 8406)
+ (line 10421)
+* \underbar: Accents. (line 14404)
+* \underbrace{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11071)
+* \underline{MATH}: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11054)
+* \unitlength: picture. (line 4824)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 10238)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 10244)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 10250)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 10254)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 10258)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 10263)
+* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 10268)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 10273)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 1618)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 10278)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 10281)
+* \usebox: \usebox. (line 13021)
+* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 8576)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1738)
-* \usepackage: \usepackage. (line 880)
+ (line 1897)
+* \usepackage: \usepackage. (line 1039)
* \UseTextAccent: \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent.
- (line 1384)
+ (line 1543)
* \UseTextSymbol: \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent.
- (line 1384)
-* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 14266)
-* \value: \value. (line 8432)
-* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 10119)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 10114)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 10124)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 10128)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 10132)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 10136)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 10140)
-* \vbox (plain TeX): minipage. (line 4536)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 10144)
-* \vdots: Dots. (line 10631)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 10866)
-* \vector: \vector. (line 5050)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 10148)
-* \verb: \verb. (line 6128)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 10152)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 10156)
-* \vfill: \vfill. (line 12396)
-* \vline: \vline. (line 5684)
+ (line 1543)
+* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 14444)
+* \value: \value. (line 8602)
+* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 10289)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 10284)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 10294)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 10298)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 10302)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 10306)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 10310)
+* \vbox (plain TeX): minipage. (line 4695)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 10314)
+* \vdots: Dots. (line 10801)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 11036)
+* \vector: \vector. (line 5209)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 10318)
+* \verb: \verb. (line 6289)
+* \verb, as fragile command: \protect. (line 7856)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 10322)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 10326)
+* \vfill: \vfill. (line 12573)
+* \vline: \vline. (line 5843)
* \vphantom: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* \vspace: \vspace. (line 12345)
-* \vtop plain TeX: minipage. (line 4532)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 10162)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 10869)
-* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 10872)
-* \wlog: \wlog. (line 16274)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 10166)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 10169)
-* \write: \write. (line 16103)
+ (line 11237)
+* \vspace: \vspace. (line 12522)
+* \vtop plain TeX: minipage. (line 4691)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 10332)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 11039)
+* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 11042)
+* \wlog: \wlog. (line 16447)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 10336)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 10339)
+* \write: \write. (line 16276)
* \write and security: \write and security.
- (line 16204)
-* \write streams 16, 17, 18: \write. (line 16183)
-* \write18: \write18. (line 16292)
+ (line 16377)
+* \write streams 16, 17, 18: \write. (line 16356)
+* \write18: \write18. (line 16465)
* \write18, enabling: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 10172)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 10175)
-* \xspace: xspace package. (line 7786)
+ (line 16640)
+* \XeTeXdefaultencoding: inputenc package. (line 14581)
+* \XeTeXinputencoding: inputenc package. (line 14581)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 10342)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 10345)
+* \xspace: xspace package. (line 7956)
* \year: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8532)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 10178)
-* \[...\] display math: displaymath. (line 3579)
-* \\ (for center): center. (line 3423)
-* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3731)
-* \\ (for flushleft): flushleft. (line 3913)
-* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 3973)
-* \\ (for letters): Letters. (line 15668)
-* \\ (for tabular): tabular. (line 5455)
-* \\ (for verse): verse. (line 6194)
-* \\ (for \author): \maketitle. (line 11421)
-* \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 5033)
-* \\ (for \title): \maketitle. (line 11442)
-* \\ (force line break): \\. (line 6232)
-* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5278)
-* \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3737)
-* \^: Reserved characters.
- (line 13872)
-* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 14213)
-* \_: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 14217)
-* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5305)
-* \{: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \|: Math symbols. (line 9368)
-* \}: Reserved characters.
- (line 13867)
-* \~: Reserved characters.
- (line 13872)
-* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 14221)
+ (line 8702)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 10348)
+* & (for table cells): tabular. (line 5610)
+* & character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 751)
+* # character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 761)
+* % character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 744)
+* ^ character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 755)
* ^ superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9293)
-* ^^J, in \write: \write. (line 16191)
-* _ subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9293)
-* {...} (for required arguments): LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 617)
-* ~: ~. (line 11994)
+ (line 9463)
+* ^^J, in \write: \write. (line 16364)
+* ~: ~. (line 12171)
+* ~ character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 765)
+* $ character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 748)
+* $ inline math: math. (line 4638)
+* $$...$$ plain TeX display math: displaymath. (line 3744)
+* 10pt option: Document class options.
+ (line 948)
+* 11pt option: Document class options.
+ (line 948)
+* 12pt option: Document class options.
+ (line 948)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
+ (line 953)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
-* abstract environment: abstract. (line 3291)
-* abstract package: abstract. (line 3312)
-* abstracts: abstract. (line 3291)
-* accents: Accents. (line 14179)
+ (line 953)
+* abstract environment: abstract. (line 3450)
+* abstract package: abstract. (line 3471)
+* abstracts: abstract. (line 3450)
+* accents: Accents. (line 14357)
* accents, defining: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1105)
+ (line 1264)
* accents, defining <1>: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1139)
+ (line 1298)
* accents, defining <2>: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1163)
+ (line 1322)
* accents, defining <3>: \DeclareTextComposite.
- (line 1272)
+ (line 1431)
* accents, defining <4>: \DeclareTextCompositeCommand.
- (line 1296)
+ (line 1455)
* accents, defining <5>: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1341)
-* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 10832)
-* accessibility: \DocumentMetadata. (line 690)
+ (line 1500)
+* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 11002)
+* accessibility: \DocumentMetadata. (line 847)
* accessing any character of a font: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13943)
-* acronyms, list of: Glossaries. (line 15489)
-* acute accent: Accents. (line 14202)
-* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 10837)
-* additional packages, loading: \usepackage. (line 880)
-* adjustbox package: Boxes. (line 12476)
+ (line 14121)
+* acronyms, list of: Glossaries. (line 15662)
+* acute accent: Accents. (line 14380)
+* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 11007)
+* additional packages, loading: \usepackage. (line 1039)
+* adjustbox package: Boxes. (line 12653)
* ae ligature: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14326)
-* algorithm2e package: tabbing. (line 5358)
-* align environment, from amsmath: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 5218)
-* amscd package: Arrows. (line 10237)
-* amsfonts package: Math formulas. (line 9282)
-* amsfonts package <1>: Arrows. (line 10202)
-* amsmath package: array. (line 3386)
-* amsmath package <1>: array. (line 3394)
-* amsmath package <2>: displaymath. (line 3575)
-* amsmath package <3>: equation. (line 3776)
-* amsmath package <4>: theorem. (line 6038)
-* amsmath package <5>: Math formulas. (line 9282)
-* amsmath package <6>: \left & \right. (line 10432)
+ (line 14504)
+* algorithm2e package: tabbing. (line 5517)
+* align environment, from amsmath: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 5377)
+* alphabetic presentation forms Unicode block: Ligatures. (line 720)
+* ampersand character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 751)
+* amscd package: Arrows. (line 10407)
+* amsfonts package: Math formulas. (line 9452)
+* amsfonts package <1>: Arrows. (line 10372)
+* amsmath package: array. (line 3545)
+* amsmath package <1>: array. (line 3553)
+* amsmath package <2>: displaymath. (line 3734)
+* amsmath package <3>: equation. (line 3935)
+* amsmath package <4>: theorem. (line 6197)
+* amsmath package <5>: Math formulas. (line 9452)
+* amsmath package <6>: \left & \right. (line 10602)
* amsmath package <7>: \bigl & \bigr etc..
- (line 10577)
-* amsmath package <8>: Dots. (line 10634)
-* amsmath package <9>: Math functions. (line 10821)
+ (line 10747)
+* amsmath package <8>: Dots. (line 10804)
+* amsmath package <9>: Math functions. (line 10991)
* amsmath package <10>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10942)
+ (line 11119)
* amsmath package <11>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11110)
+ (line 11287)
* amsmath package <12>: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 11228)
+ (line 11405)
* amsmath package <13>: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 11232)
+ (line 11409)
* amsmath package <14>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12081)
-* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* amsthm package: theorem. (line 6038)
-* amsthm package <1>: \rule. (line 14438)
-* answers package: \write. (line 16196)
-* appendices: \appendix. (line 2796)
-* appendix: \appendix. (line 2796)
-* appendix package: \appendix. (line 2820)
+ (line 12258)
+* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* amsthm package: theorem. (line 6197)
+* amsthm package <1>: \rule. (line 14611)
+* answers package: \write. (line 16369)
+* appendices: \appendix. (line 2955)
+* appendix: \appendix. (line 2955)
+* appendix package: \appendix. (line 2979)
* arguments, optional, defining and using: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7007)
+ (line 7171)
* aring: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14322)
-* array environment: array. (line 3337)
-* array package: array. (line 3405)
-* arrays, math: array. (line 3337)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 14118)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 14159)
-* arrows: Arrows. (line 10202)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 748)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 14064)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 14022)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 14025)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 14028)
-* Asymptote package: \line. (line 4904)
-* Asymptote package <1>: \strut. (line 12316)
-* Asymptote package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12549)
-* Asymptote package <3>: \write18. (line 16299)
-* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7640)
-* at-sign: \@. (line 11858)
+ (line 14500)
+* array environment: array. (line 3496)
+* array package: array. (line 3564)
+* arrays, math: array. (line 3496)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 14296)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 14337)
+* arrows: Arrows. (line 10372)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 907)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 14242)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 14200)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 14203)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 14206)
+* Asymptote package: \line. (line 5063)
+* Asymptote package <1>: \strut. (line 12493)
+* Asymptote package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12726)
+* Asymptote package <3>: \write18. (line 16472)
+* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7804)
+* at-sign: \@. (line 12035)
* atenddvi package: \AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi.
- (line 7853)
-* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11421)
-* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 512)
+ (line 8023)
+* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11598)
+* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 516)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
-* babel package: \chapter. (line 2561)
-* babel package <1>: thebibliography. (line 5796)
-* babel package <2>: Accents. (line 14179)
-* babel package <3>: \today. (line 14468)
+ (line 953)
+* babel package: \chapter. (line 2720)
+* babel package <1>: thebibliography. (line 5955)
+* babel package <2>: Accents. (line 14357)
+* babel package <3>: \today. (line 14641)
* babel package <4>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14841)
-* babel package <5>: \index. (line 15250)
+ (line 15014)
+* babel package <5>: \index. (line 15423)
* back matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* background, colored: Colored pages. (line 13833)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 14031)
-* badness: Page breaking. (line 6524)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 14042)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 14039)
-* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 14209)
-* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10840)
-* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 14224)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 424)
+ (line 2989)
+* background, colored: Colored pages. (line 14010)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 14209)
+* backslash, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 736)
+* badness: Page breaking. (line 6682)
+* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 14387)
+* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 11010)
+* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 14402)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 14220)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 14217)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 428)
* batchmode: Command line options.
- (line 16433)
-* beamer package: beamer template. (line 16670)
-* beamer template and class: beamer template. (line 16670)
-* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3609)
+ (line 16606)
+* beamer package: beamer template. (line 16843)
+* beamer template and class: beamer template. (line 16843)
+* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3768)
* bibliography format, open: Document class options.
- (line 842)
-* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 5927)
-* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 5749)
+ (line 1001)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 6086)
+* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 5908)
* BibTeX error messages: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 5989)
-* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 5927)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 14045)
-* big point: Units of length. (line 8665)
+ (line 6148)
+* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 6086)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 14223)
+* big point: Units of length. (line 8835)
* bigfoot package: Footnotes of footnotes.
- (line 6942)
+ (line 7106)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 828)
-* blackboard bold: Blackboard bold. (line 10314)
+ (line 987)
+* blackboard bold: Blackboard bold. (line 10484)
* blanks, after control sequences: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7045)
-* bm package: bm. (line 10273)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 1492)
-* bold math: Font styles. (line 1545)
-* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 3533)
+ (line 7209)
+* bm package: bm. (line 10443)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 1651)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 1704)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 3692)
* boldface mathematics: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 10243)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 748)
+ (line 10413)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 907)
* book, back matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
+ (line 2989)
* book, end matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
+ (line 2989)
* book, front matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
+ (line 2989)
* book, main matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 2255)
-* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2256)
-* bounding box: \includegraphics. (line 13269)
-* box: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12482)
-* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 7353)
-* box, bounding: \includegraphics. (line 13269)
-* box, colored: Colored boxes. (line 13796)
-* box, save: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12735)
-* box, use saved box: \usebox. (line 12844)
-* boxes: Boxes. (line 12473)
-* bp: Units of length. (line 8664)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 14048)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 14052)
-* braces: Delimiters. (line 10358)
-* brackets: Delimiters. (line 10358)
-* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6215)
-* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6519)
-* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 11239)
-* breve accent: Accents. (line 14262)
-* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 10843)
+ (line 2989)
+* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 2414)
+* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2415)
+* bounding box: \includegraphics. (line 13446)
+* box: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12659)
+* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 7517)
+* box, bounding: \includegraphics. (line 13446)
+* box, colored: Colored boxes. (line 13973)
+* box, save: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12912)
+* box, use saved box: \usebox. (line 13021)
+* boxes: Boxes. (line 12650)
+* bp: Units of length. (line 8834)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 14226)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 14230)
+* braces: Delimiters. (line 10528)
+* braces, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* brackets: Delimiters. (line 10528)
+* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6373)
+* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6677)
+* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 11416)
+* breve accent: Accents. (line 14440)
+* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 11013)
* bug reporting: About this document.
- (line 400)
-* bullet lists: itemize. (line 4014)
-* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 9458)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 14056)
-* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 4014)
-* calligraphic fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10341)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 1495)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 14064)
-* caption package: \caption. (line 2347)
-* captions: \caption. (line 2281)
-* caron accent: Accents. (line 14266)
+ (line 404)
+* bullet lists: itemize. (line 4172)
+* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 9628)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 14234)
+* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 4172)
+* calligraphic fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10511)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 1654)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 14242)
+* caption package: \caption. (line 2506)
+* captions: \caption. (line 2440)
+* caret character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 755)
+* caron accent: Accents. (line 14444)
* catcode: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7182)
+ (line 7346)
* category code, character: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7182)
-* cc: Units of length. (line 8677)
-* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 15729)
-* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 14234)
-* center environment: center. (line 3413)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 14028)
+ (line 7346)
+* cc: Units of length. (line 8847)
+* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 15902)
+* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 14412)
+* center environment: center. (line 3572)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 14206)
* centered equations: Document class options.
- (line 832)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 14131)
-* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 3461)
-* centering text, environment for: center. (line 3413)
-* centimeter: Units of length. (line 8672)
+ (line 991)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 14309)
+* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 3620)
+* centering text, environment for: center. (line 3572)
+* centimeter: Units of length. (line 8842)
* changing case of characters: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13890)
-* chapter: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2496)
-* chapter counter: Counters. (line 8332)
+ (line 14068)
+* chapter: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2655)
+* chapter counter: Counters. (line 8502)
* character category code: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7182)
-* character encoding: inputenc package. (line 14382)
+ (line 7346)
+* character encoding: Input encodings. (line 635)
* character, invisible: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* character, invisible <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* characters, accented: Accents. (line 14179)
+ (line 11237)
+* character, invisible <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* characters, accented: Accents. (line 14357)
* characters, case of: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13890)
+ (line 14068)
* characters, non-English: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14316)
-* characters, reserved: Reserved characters.
- (line 13860)
-* characters, special: Reserved characters.
- (line 13860)
-* check accent: Accents. (line 14266)
-* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 10846)
-* cicero: Units of length. (line 8678)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 14045)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 14059)
-* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 14213)
-* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 10858)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 14022)
-* citation key: \bibitem. (line 5813)
+ (line 14494)
+* check accent: Accents. (line 14444)
+* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 11016)
+* cicero: Units of length. (line 8848)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 14223)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 14237)
+* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 14391)
+* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 11028)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 14200)
+* citation key: \bibitem. (line 5972)
* class and package commands: Class and package commands.
- (line 7838)
+ (line 8008)
* class and package difference: Class and package creation.
- (line 911)
+ (line 1070)
* class and package structure: Class and package structure.
- (line 932)
+ (line 1091)
* class file example: Class and package structure.
- (line 957)
+ (line 1116)
* class file layout: Class and package structure.
- (line 932)
+ (line 1091)
* Class Guide, document: Class and package structure.
- (line 971)
+ (line 1130)
* class options: Document class options.
- (line 778)
+ (line 937)
* class options <1>: Class and package structure.
- (line 932)
-* class options <2>: \DeclareOption. (line 7938)
+ (line 1091)
+* class options <2>: \DeclareOption. (line 8108)
* class writing tutorial document: Class and package structure.
- (line 971)
-* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 743)
-* cleveref package: Cross references. (line 3101)
-* cleveref package <1>: \ref. (line 3214)
-* cleveref package <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6823)
+ (line 1130)
+* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 902)
+* cleveref package: Cross references. (line 3260)
+* cleveref package <1>: \ref. (line 3373)
+* cleveref package <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6976)
* CLI: Command line interface.
- (line 16368)
+ (line 16541)
* clock option to slides class: Document class options.
- (line 874)
-* closing letters: \closing. (line 15745)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 14012)
+ (line 1033)
+* closing letters: \closing. (line 15918)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 14190)
* clsguide document: Class and package structure.
- (line 971)
-* cm: Units of length. (line 8671)
-* cm-super package: fontenc package. (line 1049)
-* cmd.exe, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16346)
-* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6085)
+ (line 1130)
+* cm: Units of length. (line 8841)
+* cm-super package: fontenc package. (line 1208)
+* cmd.exe, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16519)
+* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6244)
* colon character: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 11219)
-* color: Color. (line 13598)
-* color <1>: Define colors. (line 13703)
-* color <2>: Colored text. (line 13725)
-* color <3>: Colored boxes. (line 13796)
-* color <4>: Colored pages. (line 13833)
-* color models: Color models. (line 13651)
+ (line 11396)
+* color: Color. (line 13775)
+* color <1>: Define colors. (line 13880)
+* color <2>: Colored text. (line 13902)
+* color <3>: Colored boxes. (line 13973)
+* color <4>: Colored pages. (line 14010)
+* color models: Color models. (line 13828)
* color package commands: Commands for color.
- (line 13698)
+ (line 13875)
* color package options: Color package options.
- (line 13613)
-* color, define: Define colors. (line 13703)
-* colored boxes: Colored boxes. (line 13796)
-* colored page: Colored pages. (line 13833)
-* colored text: Colored text. (line 13725)
+ (line 13790)
+* color, define: Define colors. (line 13880)
+* colored boxes: Colored boxes. (line 13973)
+* colored page: Colored pages. (line 14010)
+* colored text: Colored text. (line 13902)
* command line interface: Command line interface.
- (line 16368)
+ (line 16541)
* command syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 617)
+ (line 773)
* commands, class and package: Class and package commands.
- (line 7838)
+ (line 8008)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
-* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 7141)
+ (line 7127)
+* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 7305)
* commands, document class: Class and package creation.
- (line 906)
+ (line 1065)
* commands, graphics package: Commands for graphics.
- (line 13148)
+ (line 13325)
* commands, ignore spaces: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7711)
-* commands, ignore spaces <1>: xspace package. (line 7786)
+ (line 7881)
+* commands, ignore spaces <1>: xspace package. (line 7956)
* commands, redefining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
-* commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 16292)
-* commands, star-variants: \@ifstar. (line 7216)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 14064)
-* comprehensive package: Math symbols. (line 9356)
-* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6085)
+ (line 7127)
+* commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 16465)
+* commands, star-variants: \@ifstar. (line 7380)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 14242)
+* comprehensive package: Math symbols. (line 9526)
+* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6244)
* configuration, graphics package: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12958)
+ (line 13135)
* conflict between package options: \PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage.
- (line 8144)
-* contents file: Output files. (line 522)
-* control sequences: Control sequences. (line 7106)
-* control symbol, defined: Control sequences. (line 7117)
-* control word, defined: Control sequences. (line 7113)
-* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 13964)
-* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 8323)
-* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 7288)
-* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 8432)
+ (line 8314)
+* contents file: Output files. (line 526)
+* control sequences: Control sequences. (line 7270)
+* control symbol, defined: Control sequences. (line 7281)
+* control word, defined: Control sequences. (line 7277)
+* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 14142)
+* Cork encoding: fontenc package. (line 1229)
+* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 8493)
+* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 7452)
+* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 8602)
* counters, printing: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 8350)
-* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 8465)
-* cprotect package: verbatim. (line 6104)
-* cprotect package <1>: \verb. (line 6167)
-* creating pictures: picture. (line 4643)
-* creating tables: table. (line 5367)
-* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 11435)
-* cross references: Cross references. (line 3069)
-* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 512)
-* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 3167)
-* cross referencing, across documents: xr package. (line 3220)
-* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 3191)
-* cross-references, page numbers in: \thepage. (line 11641)
-* CTAN: CTAN. (line 715)
-* curly braces: Delimiters. (line 10358)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 14077)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 14089)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 14074)
-* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13967)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 14071)
-* DANTE e.V.: CTAN. (line 729)
-* datatool package: \read. (line 16019)
-* date of format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8105)
-* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11429)
-* date, today’s: \today. (line 14461)
-* datetime package: \today. (line 14482)
-* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 2259)
-* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2260)
-* dcolumn package: array. (line 3405)
-* dd: Units of length. (line 8674)
-* declaration form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1579)
-* declaration form of font style commands: Font styles. (line 1424)
-* default option processing: \DeclareOption. (line 7950)
-* define color: Define colors. (line 13703)
+ (line 8520)
+* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 8635)
+* cprotect package: verbatim. (line 6263)
+* cprotect package <1>: \verb. (line 6325)
+* cprotect package <2>: \protect. (line 7868)
+* creating pictures: picture. (line 4802)
+* creating tables: table. (line 5526)
+* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 11612)
+* cross references: Cross references. (line 3228)
+* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 516)
+* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 3326)
+* cross referencing, across documents: xr package. (line 3379)
+* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 3350)
+* cross-references, page numbers in: \thepage. (line 11818)
+* CTAN: CTAN. (line 874)
+* curly braces: Delimiters. (line 10528)
+* curly braces, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 14255)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 14267)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 14252)
+* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 14145)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 14249)
+* DANTE e.V.: CTAN. (line 888)
+* datatool package: \read. (line 16192)
+* date of format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8275)
+* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11606)
+* date, today's: \today. (line 14634)
+* datetime package: \today. (line 14655)
+* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 2418)
+* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2419)
+* dcolumn package: array. (line 3564)
+* dd: Units of length. (line 8844)
+* declaration form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1738)
+* declaration form of font style commands: Font styles. (line 1583)
+* default option processing: \DeclareOption. (line 8120)
+* define color: Define colors. (line 13880)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
-* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 7141)
+ (line 7127)
+* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 7305)
* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7381)
-* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 7627)
-* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 7515)
-* definitions: Definitions. (line 6958)
-* delayed \write: \write. (line 16162)
-* delimiters: Delimiters. (line 10358)
-* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 10408)
-* delim_0: makeindex. (line 15418)
-* delim_1: makeindex. (line 15422)
-* delim_2: makeindex. (line 15426)
-* delim_n: makeindex. (line 15430)
-* delim_r: makeindex. (line 15434)
-* description: \newglossaryentry. (line 15577)
-* description environment: description. (line 3503)
-* description lists, creating: description. (line 3503)
-* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7640)
-* didot point: Units of length. (line 8675)
-* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 14198)
+ (line 7545)
+* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 7791)
+* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 7679)
+* definitions: Definitions. (line 7122)
+* delayed \write: \write. (line 16335)
+* delim_0: makeindex. (line 15591)
+* delim_1: makeindex. (line 15595)
+* delim_2: makeindex. (line 15599)
+* delim_n: makeindex. (line 15603)
+* delim_r: makeindex. (line 15607)
+* delimiters: Delimiters. (line 10528)
+* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 10578)
+* description: \newglossaryentry. (line 15750)
+* description environment: description. (line 3662)
+* description lists, creating: description. (line 3662)
+* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7804)
+* didot point: Units of length. (line 8845)
+* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 14376)
* difference between class and package: Class and package creation.
- (line 911)
-* dimen plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8557)
-* directory listings, from system: \write18. (line 16351)
-* discretionary breaks, multiplication: \*. (line 11239)
-* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6403)
-* display math mode: Modes. (line 11319)
-* display style: Math styles. (line 11157)
+ (line 1070)
+* dimen plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8727)
+* directory listings, from system: \write18. (line 16524)
+* discretionary breaks, multiplication: \*. (line 11416)
+* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6561)
+* display math mode: Modes. (line 11496)
+* display style: Math styles. (line 11334)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
- (line 5188)
+ (line 5347)
* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
- (line 5188)
-* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 3559)
-* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 9227)
+ (line 5347)
+* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 3718)
+* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 9397)
* document class commands: Class and package creation.
- (line 906)
+ (line 1065)
* document class options: Document class options.
- (line 778)
+ (line 937)
* document class, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 464)
-* document classes: Document classes. (line 743)
-* document environment: document. (line 3603)
-* document root name: Jobname. (line 16560)
+ (line 468)
+* document classes: Document classes. (line 902)
+* document environment: document. (line 3762)
+* document root name: Jobname. (line 16733)
* document templates: Document templates.
- (line 16663)
-* documentmetadata-support-doc document: \DocumentMetadata. (line 698)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 14077)
-* dot accent: Accents. (line 14205)
-* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10852)
-* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 14205)
-* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 14238)
-* dotless i: Accents. (line 14192)
-* dotless i, math: Math symbols. (line 9605)
-* dotless j: Accents. (line 14192)
-* dotless j, math: Math symbols. (line 9625)
-* dots: Dots. (line 10602)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13970)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 14074)
-* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 10849)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 14137)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 14009)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 14153)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 14140)
+ (line 16836)
+* documentmetadata-support-doc document: \DocumentMetadata. (line 857)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 14255)
+* dollar sign character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 748)
+* dot accent: Accents. (line 14383)
+* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 11022)
+* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 14383)
+* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 14416)
+* dotless i: Accents. (line 14370)
+* dotless i, math: Math symbols. (line 9775)
+* dotless j: Accents. (line 14370)
+* dotless j, math: Math symbols. (line 9795)
+* dots: Dots. (line 10772)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 14148)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 14252)
+* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 11019)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 14315)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 14187)
+* double quotation marks, as ligatures: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 14331)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 14318)
* double spacing: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 14042)
-* doublestruck: Blackboard bold. (line 10314)
+ (line 2196)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 14220)
+* doublestruck: Blackboard bold. (line 10484)
* draft option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
-* dvilualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 588)
-* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 489)
-* dvips command: Output files. (line 489)
-* dvitype command: Output files. (line 489)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 14086)
-* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 541)
+ (line 983)
+* dvilualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 599)
+* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 493)
+* dvips command: Output files. (line 493)
+* dvitype command: Output files. (line 493)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 14264)
+* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 545)
* e-TeX, and robust commands: \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 8003)
-* ellipses: Dots. (line 10602)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13992)
-* ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026): Dots. (line 10662)
-* ellipsis, traditional (three periods): Dots. (line 10662)
-* em: Units of length. (line 8690)
-* em <1>: Units of length. (line 8691)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14080)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 14162)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 14168)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 1476)
-* enclosure list: \encl. (line 15758)
+ (line 8173)
+* ellipses: Dots. (line 10772)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 14170)
+* ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026): Dots. (line 10832)
+* ellipsis, traditional (three periods): Dots. (line 10832)
+* em: Units of length. (line 8860)
+* em <1>: Units of length. (line 8861)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14258)
+* em-dash, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 14340)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 14346)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 1635)
+* en-dash, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* enclosure list: \encl. (line 15931)
* encoding, font: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1105)
-* encoding, of input files: inputenc package. (line 14382)
+ (line 1264)
+* encodings, input: Input encodings. (line 635)
* end matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 3625)
+ (line 2989)
+* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 3784)
* ending and starting: Starting and ending.
- (line 453)
-* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 6625)
-* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 3641)
-* enumi counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* enumii counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* enumiii counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* enumitem package: itemize. (line 4074)
-* enumitem package <1>: list. (line 4373)
-* enumiv counter: Counters. (line 8332)
+ (line 457)
+* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 6783)
+* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 3800)
+* enumi counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* enumii counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* enumiii counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* enumitem package: itemize. (line 4232)
+* enumitem package <1>: list. (line 4532)
+* enumiv counter: Counters. (line 8502)
* environment: Starting and ending.
- (line 472)
-* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1602)
-* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 3291)
-* environment, array: array. (line 3337)
-* environment, center: center. (line 3413)
-* environment, description: description. (line 3503)
-* environment, displaymath: displaymath. (line 3559)
-* environment, displaymath <1>: Math formulas. (line 9227)
-* environment, document: document. (line 3603)
-* environment, enumerate: enumerate. (line 3641)
-* environment, eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* environment, equation: equation. (line 3762)
-* environment, equation <1>: Math formulas. (line 9227)
-* environment, figure: figure. (line 3782)
-* environment, filecontents: filecontents. (line 3840)
-* environment, filecontents*: filecontents. (line 3840)
-* environment, flushleft: flushleft. (line 3905)
-* environment, flushright: flushright. (line 3967)
-* environment, itemize: itemize. (line 4014)
-* environment, letter: letter. (line 4102)
-* environment, list: list. (line 4107)
-* environment, math: math. (line 4473)
-* environment, math <1>: Math formulas. (line 9227)
-* environment, minipage: minipage. (line 4485)
-* environment, picture: picture. (line 4643)
-* environment, quotation: quotation & quote. (line 5188)
-* environment, quote: quotation & quote. (line 5188)
-* environment, sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6440)
-* environment, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5218)
-* environment, table: table. (line 5367)
-* environment, tabular: tabular. (line 5425)
-* environment, thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 5749)
+ (line 476)
+* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1761)
+* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 3450)
+* environment, array: array. (line 3496)
+* environment, center: center. (line 3572)
+* environment, description: description. (line 3662)
+* environment, displaymath: displaymath. (line 3718)
+* environment, displaymath <1>: Math formulas. (line 9397)
+* environment, document: document. (line 3762)
+* environment, enumerate: enumerate. (line 3800)
+* environment, eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* environment, equation: equation. (line 3921)
+* environment, equation <1>: Math formulas. (line 9397)
+* environment, figure: figure. (line 3941)
+* environment, filecontents: filecontents. (line 3999)
+* environment, filecontents*: filecontents. (line 3999)
+* environment, flushleft: flushleft. (line 4064)
+* environment, flushright: flushright. (line 4126)
+* environment, itemize: itemize. (line 4172)
+* environment, letter: letter. (line 4261)
+* environment, list: list. (line 4266)
+* environment, math: math. (line 4632)
+* environment, math <1>: Math formulas. (line 9397)
+* environment, minipage: minipage. (line 4644)
+* environment, picture: picture. (line 4802)
+* environment, quotation: quotation & quote. (line 5347)
+* environment, quote: quotation & quote. (line 5347)
+* environment, sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6598)
+* environment, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5377)
+* environment, table: table. (line 5526)
+* environment, tabular: tabular. (line 5584)
+* environment, thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 5908)
* environment, theindex: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15174)
-* environment, theorem: theorem. (line 6016)
-* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 7515)
-* environment, titlepage: titlepage. (line 6046)
-* environment, verbatim: verbatim. (line 6085)
-* environment, verse: verse. (line 6179)
-* environments: Environments. (line 3274)
+ (line 15347)
+* environment, theorem: theorem. (line 6175)
+* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 7679)
+* environment, titlepage: titlepage. (line 6205)
+* environment, verbatim: verbatim. (line 6244)
+* environment, verse: verse. (line 6337)
+* environments: Environments. (line 3433)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7381)
-* envlab package: \makelabels. (line 15832)
-* EPS files: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* equation counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* equation environment: equation. (line 3762)
-* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 9227)
-* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3191)
+ (line 7545)
+* envlab package: \makelabels. (line 16005)
+* EPS files: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* equation counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* equation environment: equation. (line 3921)
+* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 9397)
+* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3350)
* equation numbers, left vs. right: Document class options.
- (line 838)
-* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 3741)
-* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 3708)
-* equations, environment for: equation. (line 3762)
+ (line 997)
+* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 3900)
+* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 3867)
+* equations, environment for: equation. (line 3921)
* equations, flush left vs. centered: Document class options.
- (line 832)
+ (line 991)
* error messages, from BibTeX: BibTeX error messages.
- (line 5989)
+ (line 6148)
* errorstopmode: Command line options.
- (line 16433)
+ (line 16606)
* es-zet German letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14362)
-* etex command: TeX engines. (line 541)
+ (line 14540)
+* escaping special characters: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14037)
+* etex command: TeX engines. (line 545)
* eth, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14330)
+ (line 14508)
* etoolbox package: \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 8003)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 14089)
-* eurosym package: Text symbols. (line 14089)
-* eurosym package <1>: Text symbols. (line 14090)
-* ex: Units of length. (line 8686)
-* ex <1>: Units of length. (line 8687)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 14097)
-* exclamation points, ending a sentence: \@. (line 11891)
+ (line 8173)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 14267)
+* eurosym package: Text symbols. (line 14267)
+* eurosym package <1>: Text symbols. (line 14268)
+* ex: Units of length. (line 8856)
+* ex <1>: Units of length. (line 8857)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 14275)
+* exclamation points, ending a sentence: \@. (line 12068)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
+ (line 953)
* expl3 package: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 646)
+ (line 803)
* expl3 package <1>: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13932)
+ (line 14110)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9293)
-* expressions: Expressions. (line 8887)
+ (line 9463)
+* expressions: Expressions. (line 9057)
* extended Latin: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14316)
-* external commands: \write18. (line 16292)
-* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 3840)
-* fallback jobname: Jobname. (line 16581)
+ (line 14494)
+* external commands: \write18. (line 16465)
+* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 3999)
+* f-ligatures: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* fallback jobname: Jobname. (line 16754)
* families, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1633)
-* fancyhdr package: Page styles. (line 11378)
-* fancyhdr package <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11529)
-* fancyvrb package: tabbing. (line 5358)
-* fancyvrb package <1>: verbatim. (line 6120)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 14128)
-* figure counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* figure dash character: Text symbols. (line 14100)
-* figure environment: figure. (line 3782)
-* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3191)
-* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 4586)
-* figures, inserting: figure. (line 3782)
+ (line 1792)
+* fancyhdr package: Page styles. (line 11555)
+* fancyhdr package <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11706)
+* fancyvrb package: tabbing. (line 5517)
+* fancyvrb package <1>: verbatim. (line 6279)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 14306)
+* figure counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* figure dash character: Text symbols. (line 14278)
+* figure environment: figure. (line 3941)
+* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3350)
+* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 4745)
+* figures, inserting: figure. (line 3941)
* file, closing: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
+ (line 16103)
* file, opening: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15930)
-* file, reading: \read. (line 15994)
+ (line 16103)
+* file, reading: \read. (line 16167)
* file, root: Splitting the input.
- (line 14496)
-* file, root <1>: Jobname. (line 16560)
-* filecontents environment: filecontents. (line 3840)
-* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 3840)
+ (line 14669)
+* file, root <1>: Jobname. (line 16733)
+* filecontents environment: filecontents. (line 3999)
+* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 3999)
* filename for current job: Command line options.
- (line 16449)
+ (line 16622)
* final option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
+ (line 983)
* first-latex-doc document: About this document.
- (line 413)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 1513)
-* flafter package: Floats. (line 2207)
+ (line 417)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 1672)
+* flafter package: Floats. (line 2366)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
-* float package: Floats. (line 2177)
-* float page: Floats. (line 2183)
+ (line 983)
+* float package: Floats. (line 2336)
+* float page: Floats. (line 2342)
* flush left equations: Document class options.
- (line 832)
+ (line 991)
* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6550)
-* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 3905)
-* flushright environment: flushright. (line 3967)
+ (line 6708)
+* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 4064)
+* flushright environment: flushright. (line 4126)
* font catalogue: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1633)
+ (line 1792)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1618)
-* font dimension, slant: \/. (line 12124)
-* font encoding: fontenc package. (line 1019)
+ (line 1777)
+* font dimension, slant: \/. (line 12301)
+* font encoding: fontenc package. (line 1178)
* font encoding <1>: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1139)
+ (line 1298)
* font encoding, declaring: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1105)
+ (line 1264)
* font size: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1713)
-* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 1561)
-* font styles: Font styles. (line 1422)
+ (line 1872)
+* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 1720)
+* font styles: Font styles. (line 1581)
* font symbols, by number: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13943)
-* fontenc: fontenc package. (line 1019)
-* fonts: Fonts. (line 982)
-* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 7627)
-* fonts, script: Calligraphic. (line 10341)
-* fontspec package: fontenc package. (line 1030)
+ (line 14121)
+* fontenc: fontenc package. (line 1178)
+* fonts: Fonts. (line 1141)
+* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 7791)
+* fonts, script: Calligraphic. (line 10511)
+* fontspec package: fontenc package. (line 1189)
* fontspec package <1>: OpenType bold math.
- (line 10288)
-* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11522)
+ (line 10458)
+* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11699)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
-* footnote counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3191)
-* footnote parameters: \footnote. (line 6743)
+ (line 2063)
+* footnote counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3350)
+* footnote parameters: \footnote. (line 6902)
* footnote, in a table: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 6872)
+ (line 7036)
* footnote, in section headings: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 6853)
+ (line 7017)
* footnote, of a footnote: Footnotes of footnotes.
- (line 6942)
-* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 4586)
-* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6696)
-* footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 6771)
-* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 6733)
-* force option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 3865)
-* format files, TeX: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8105)
-* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 3762)
-* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 9227)
-* forward reference: Cross references. (line 3090)
-* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 512)
-* fraction: \frac. (line 11255)
-* fragile commands: \protect. (line 7659)
-* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12603)
-* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12603)
-* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12608)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13984)
+ (line 7106)
+* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 4745)
+* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6854)
+* footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 6934)
+* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 6892)
+* force option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4024)
+* format files, TeX: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8275)
+* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 3921)
+* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 9397)
+* forward reference: Cross references. (line 3249)
+* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 516)
+* fraction: \frac. (line 11432)
+* fragile commands: \protect. (line 7823)
+* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12780)
+* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12780)
+* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12785)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 14162)
* front matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 2830)
-* functions, math: Math functions. (line 10716)
+ (line 2989)
+* functions, math: Math functions. (line 10886)
* geometry package: Document class options.
- (line 815)
+ (line 974)
* global options: Document class options.
- (line 778)
-* global options <1>: \usepackage. (line 899)
-* global options <2>: \ProcessOptions. (line 8190)
-* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 15489)
-* glossary: Glossaries. (line 15489)
-* glossary, entries: \newglossaryentry. (line 15537)
-* glossary, entry reference: \gls. (line 15596)
-* glue plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8557)
-* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7329)
-* graphics: Graphics. (line 12857)
+ (line 937)
+* global options <1>: \usepackage. (line 1058)
+* global options <2>: \ProcessOptions. (line 8360)
+* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 15662)
+* glossary: Glossaries. (line 15662)
+* glossary, entries: \newglossaryentry. (line 15710)
+* glossary, entry reference: \gls. (line 15769)
+* glue plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8727)
+* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7493)
+* graphics: Graphics. (line 13034)
* graphics <1>: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12958)
-* graphics <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* graphics package: Graphics. (line 12857)
+ (line 13135)
+* graphics <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* graphics package: Graphics. (line 13034)
* graphics package <1>: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12958)
-* graphics package <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
+ (line 13135)
+* graphics package <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
* graphics package commands: Commands for graphics.
- (line 13148)
+ (line 13325)
* graphics package options: Graphics package options.
- (line 12894)
-* graphics packages: \line. (line 4904)
-* graphics, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* graphics, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13569)
-* graphics, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* graphics, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13569)
-* graphpap package: \graphpaper. (line 4856)
-* grave accent: Accents. (line 14217)
-* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 10855)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14107)
-* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 9356)
-* Greek letters: Greek letters. (line 10673)
+ (line 13071)
+* graphics packages: \line. (line 5063)
+* graphics, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* graphics, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
+* graphics, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* graphics, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
+* graphpap package: \graphpaper. (line 5015)
+* grave accent: Accents. (line 14395)
+* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 11025)
+* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14285)
+* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 9526)
+* Greek letters: Greek letters. (line 10843)
* grfext package: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
- (line 13066)
-* group, and environments: Environments. (line 3286)
-* group_skip: makeindex. (line 15367)
-* guillemots, birds: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* hacek accent: Accents. (line 14266)
-* Halmos symbol: \rule. (line 14433)
-* hard space: ~. (line 11994)
-* hat accent: Accents. (line 14213)
-* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10858)
-* header style: \pagestyle. (line 11522)
+ (line 13243)
+* group_skip: makeindex. (line 15540)
+* group, and environments: Environments. (line 3445)
+* guillemots, birds: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* hacek accent: Accents. (line 14444)
+* háček accent, math: Math accents. (line 11016)
+* Halmos symbol: \rule. (line 14606)
+* hard space: ~. (line 12171)
+* hash character (#), meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 761)
+* hat accent: Accents. (line 14391)
+* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 11028)
+* hat character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 755)
+* header style: \pagestyle. (line 11699)
* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
+ (line 2063)
* hello, world: Starting and ending.
- (line 453)
-* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 2177)
+ (line 457)
+* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 2336)
+* hilatex: TeX engines. (line 584)
+* HINT format: TeX engines. (line 585)
+* HiTeX: TeX engines. (line 585)
* home page for manual: About this document.
- (line 382)
-* horizontal bar character: Text symbols. (line 14110)
+ (line 386)
+* horizontal bar character: Text symbols. (line 14288)
* horizontal paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 9145)
-* horizontal space: \hss. (line 11773)
-* horizontal space, stretchable: \hss. (line 11773)
+ (line 9315)
+* horizontal space: \hss. (line 11950)
+* horizontal space, stretchable: \hss. (line 11950)
* horizontal spacing: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 14242)
-* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 6823)
-* hyperref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6832)
-* hyperref package <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11492)
-* hyperref package <3>: \contentsline. (line 15050)
+ (line 11237)
+* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 14420)
+* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 6976)
+* hyperref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6985)
+* hyperref package <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11669)
+* hyperref package <3>: \contentsline. (line 15223)
* hyperref package <4>: Command line input.
- (line 16504)
-* hyphen character, non-breaking: Text symbols. (line 14121)
-* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6468)
-* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6403)
-* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 6358)
-* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12482)
-* háček accent, math: Math accents. (line 10846)
+ (line 16677)
+* hyphen character, non-breaking: Text symbols. (line 14299)
+* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6626)
+* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6561)
+* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 6516)
+* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12659)
* Icelandic eth: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14330)
+ (line 14508)
* Icelandic thorn: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14366)
-* idx file: \index. (line 15300)
+ (line 14544)
+* idx file: \index. (line 15473)
* ij letter, Dutch: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14342)
-* immediate \write: \write. (line 16157)
-* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* importing graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* in: Units of length. (line 8661)
-* inch: Units of length. (line 8662)
-* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
+ (line 14520)
+* immediate \write: \write. (line 16330)
+* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* importing graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* in: Units of length. (line 8831)
+* inch: Units of length. (line 8832)
+* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* indent_length: makeindex. (line 15619)
+* indent_space: makeindex. (line 15615)
* indent, forcing: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 9096)
-* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 4582)
-* indentfirst package: \part. (line 2486)
-* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 2548)
-* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 2643)
-* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 2709)
+ (line 9266)
+* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 4741)
+* indentfirst package: \part. (line 2645)
+* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 2707)
+* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 2802)
+* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 2868)
* indentfirst package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2784)
+ (line 2943)
* indentfirst package <5>: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 9138)
-* indent_length: makeindex. (line 15446)
-* indent_space: makeindex. (line 15442)
-* index entries, subentries: \index. (line 15218)
-* index entries, ‘see’ and ‘see also’: \index. (line 15250)
-* index entry: \index. (line 15198)
-* index package: \index. (line 15295)
-* index, multiple: Indexes. (line 15161)
-* index, page range: \index. (line 15234)
-* index, printing: \printindex. (line 15474)
-* index, processing: makeindex. (line 15315)
+ (line 9308)
+* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': \index. (line 15423)
+* index entries, subentries: \index. (line 15391)
+* index entry: \index. (line 15371)
+* index package: \index. (line 15468)
+* index, multiple: Indexes. (line 15334)
+* index, page range: \index. (line 15407)
+* index, printing: \printindex. (line 15647)
+* index, processing: makeindex. (line 15488)
* index, producing manually: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15171)
-* index, style file: makeindex. (line 15327)
-* indexes: Indexes. (line 15116)
-* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 11740)
-* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 12396)
-* inline formulas: math. (line 4473)
-* inner paragraph mode: Modes. (line 11339)
+ (line 15344)
+* index, style file: makeindex. (line 15500)
+* indexes: Indexes. (line 15289)
+* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 11917)
+* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 12573)
+* inline formulas: math. (line 4632)
+* inner paragraph mode: Modes. (line 11516)
+* input encodings: Input encodings. (line 635)
* input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 14492)
+ (line 14665)
* input, on command line: Command line input.
- (line 16496)
-* input/output: Input/output. (line 15921)
-* input/output, to terminal: Input/output. (line 15921)
-* inputenc: inputenc package. (line 14373)
-* inserting figures: figure. (line 3782)
+ (line 16669)
+* input/output: Input/output. (line 16094)
+* input/output, to terminal: Input/output. (line 16094)
+* inputenc: inputenc package. (line 14551)
+* inserting figures: figure. (line 3941)
* insertions of special characters: Special insertions.
- (line 13854)
+ (line 14031)
* interface, command line: Command line interface.
- (line 16368)
+ (line 16541)
* interline space: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* internal vertical mode: Modes. (line 11329)
+ (line 2196)
+* internal vertical mode: Modes. (line 11506)
+* inverted exclamation mark, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* inverted question mark, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
* invisible character: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* invisible character <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* italic correction: \/. (line 12090)
-* italic font: Font styles. (line 1498)
-* itemize environment: itemize. (line 4014)
-* item_0: makeindex. (line 15391)
-* item_01: makeindex. (line 15400)
-* item_1: makeindex. (line 15394)
-* item_12: makeindex. (line 15409)
-* item_2: makeindex. (line 15397)
-* item_x1: makeindex. (line 15404)
-* item_x2: makeindex. (line 15413)
+ (line 11237)
+* invisible character <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* italic correction: \/. (line 12267)
+* italic font: Font styles. (line 1657)
+* item_0: makeindex. (line 15564)
+* item_01: makeindex. (line 15573)
+* item_1: makeindex. (line 15567)
+* item_12: makeindex. (line 15582)
+* item_2: makeindex. (line 15570)
+* item_x1: makeindex. (line 15577)
+* item_x2: makeindex. (line 15586)
+* itemize environment: itemize. (line 4172)
* jobname: Command line options.
- (line 16449)
-* jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16560)
-* JPEG files: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* JPG files: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 3987)
-* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 3934)
-* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 424)
-* label: Cross references. (line 3069)
-* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 3503)
-* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 445)
-* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 424)
+ (line 16622)
+* jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16733)
+* JPEG files: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* JPG files: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 4146)
+* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 4093)
+* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 428)
+* label: Cross references. (line 3228)
+* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 3662)
+* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 449)
+* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 428)
* landscape option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
+ (line 983)
* landscape orientation: Document class options.
- (line 835)
-* latex: TeX engines. (line 539)
-* latex command: Output files. (line 489)
-* LaTeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 13973)
-* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 424)
+ (line 994)
+* latex: TeX engines. (line 543)
+* latex command: Output files. (line 493)
+* LaTeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 14151)
+* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 428)
* LaTeX Project team: About this document.
+ (line 400)
+* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document.
(line 396)
-* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document.
- (line 392)
-* latex-dev: TeX engines. (line 589)
+* latex-dev: TeX engines. (line 600)
* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document.
- (line 410)
-* latex-lab package: \DocumentMetadata. (line 698)
-* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 13976)
+ (line 414)
+* latex-lab package: \DocumentMetadata. (line 857)
+* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 14154)
* LaTeX3 syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 646)
+ (line 803)
* <latexrefman at tug.org> email address: About this document.
- (line 396)
-* latexsym package: Arrows. (line 10202)
+ (line 400)
+* latexsym package: Arrows. (line 10372)
* Latin letters, additional: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14316)
-* layout commands: Layout. (line 1747)
+ (line 14494)
+* layout commands: Layout. (line 1906)
* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
-* leaders, dots in table of contents: \@dottedtocline. (line 14868)
+ (line 2063)
+* leaders, dots in table of contents: \@dottedtocline. (line 15041)
* leading: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 14118)
-* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 14048)
-* left quote: Text symbols. (line 13997)
-* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 14137)
-* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 14143)
+ (line 2196)
+* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 14296)
+* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 14226)
+* left brace, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* left quote: Text symbols. (line 14175)
+* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 14315)
+* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 14321)
* left-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
- (line 838)
-* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 3934)
-* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 3905)
-* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 11306)
+ (line 997)
+* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 4093)
+* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 4064)
+* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 11483)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
-* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 8741)
-* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 7329)
-* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 8554)
-* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 8712)
+ (line 953)
+* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 8911)
+* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 7493)
+* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 8724)
+* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 8882)
* leqno option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
-* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14115)
-* lethead_flag: makeindex. (line 15374)
-* lethead_prefix: makeindex. (line 15383)
-* lethead_suffix: makeindex. (line 15387)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 748)
-* letter environment: letter. (line 4102)
+ (line 983)
+* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14293)
+* lethead_flag: makeindex. (line 15547)
+* lethead_prefix: makeindex. (line 15556)
+* lethead_suffix: makeindex. (line 15560)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 907)
+* letter environment: letter. (line 4261)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 794)
-* letters, accented: Accents. (line 14179)
+ (line 953)
+* letters, accented: Accents. (line 14357)
* letters, additional Latin: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14316)
-* letters, ending: \closing. (line 15745)
-* letters, starting: \opening. (line 15850)
-* letters, writing: Letters. (line 15626)
-* line break, forcing: \\. (line 6232)
-* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 6215)
-* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6426)
+ (line 14494)
+* letters, ending: \closing. (line 15918)
+* letters, starting: \opening. (line 16023)
+* letters, writing: Letters. (line 15799)
+* ligatures: Ligatures. (line 664)
+* line break, forcing: \\. (line 6390)
+* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 6373)
+* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6584)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6487)
-* line breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 11239)
+ (line 6645)
+* line breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 11416)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6487)
-* lines in tables: tabular. (line 5425)
-* line_max: makeindex. (line 15438)
-* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 1549)
-* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 5425)
-* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 5218)
-* list environment: list. (line 4107)
-* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8406)
-* list of figures file: Output files. (line 522)
-* list of tables file: Output files. (line 522)
-* listings package: tabbing. (line 5358)
-* listings package <1>: verbatim. (line 6114)
-* listings package <2>: \verb. (line 6164)
-* lists of items: itemize. (line 4014)
-* lists of items, generic: list. (line 4107)
-* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 3641)
-* lmodern package: fontenc package. (line 1049)
-* loading additional packages: \usepackage. (line 880)
-* local options: \ProcessOptions. (line 8190)
-* locale information, from system: \write18. (line 16351)
-* log file: Output files. (line 507)
-* log file, writing to: \write. (line 16127)
-* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13973)
-* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 13976)
-* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 14019)
-* long command: \CheckCommand. (line 7876)
-* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 14009)
+ (line 6645)
+* line_max: makeindex. (line 15611)
+* lines in tables: tabular. (line 5584)
+* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 1708)
+* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 5584)
+* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 5377)
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+* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8576)
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+* local options: \ProcessOptions. (line 8360)
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+* log file, writing to: \write. (line 16300)
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+* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 14154)
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- (line 13890)
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* lshort document: About this document.
- (line 416)
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-* lualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 590)
-* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 558)
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+* lualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 601)
+* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 563)
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-* mail merges: \read. (line 16019)
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-* math, arrows: Arrows. (line 10202)
-* math, bold: Font styles. (line 1545)
+ (line 11237)
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* mathematics, boldface: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
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-* mathtools package <3>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10919)
-* mathtools package <4>: \smash. (line 11054)
+ (line 10413)
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* mathtools package <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
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+* meaning of special characters: Special characters.
+ (line 731)
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* mhchem package: Subscripts & superscripts.
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- (line 14667)
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* new class commands: Class and package creation.
- (line 906)
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* new commands, defining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
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* non-English characters: Additional Latin letters.
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+ (line 14494)
+* non-sentence-ending punctuation: \@. (line 12035)
* nonstopmode: Command line options.
- (line 16433)
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-* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 9177)
+ (line 16606)
+* nosearch option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4030)
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* notitlepage option: Document class options.
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-* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8406)
-* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 1549)
-* oblique font: Font styles. (line 1510)
+ (line 983)
+* null delimiter: \left & \right. (line 10578)
+* number sign character (#), meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 761)
+* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8576)
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* oe ligature: Additional Latin letters.
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-* ogonek: Accents. (line 14246)
-* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 1549)
-* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 1752)
+ (line 14536)
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+* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 1708)
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- (line 853)
+ (line 1012)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 853)
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- (line 15930)
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- (line 853)
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- (line 824)
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* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 853)
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- (line 8144)
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* optional arguments, defining and using: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7007)
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- (line 13613)
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- (line 16412)
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* options, document class: Document class options.
- (line 778)
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* options, document class <1>: Class and package structure.
- (line 932)
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-* options, global and local: \ProcessOptions. (line 8190)
+ (line 1091)
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* options, graphics package: Graphics package options.
- (line 12894)
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+ (line 13071)
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- (line 932)
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+ (line 1091)
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-* outer paragraph mode: Modes. (line 11339)
+ (line 14532)
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-* overlining: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10881)
-* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 424)
-* overwrite option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 3865)
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+ (line 11051)
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+ (line 15014)
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- (line 6942)
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+ (line 7106)
+* package, bm: bm. (line 10443)
+* package, caption: \caption. (line 2506)
+* package, cleveref: Cross references. (line 3260)
+* package, cleveref <1>: \ref. (line 3373)
+* package, cleveref <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6976)
+* package, cm-super: fontenc package. (line 1208)
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- (line 646)
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-* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 6114)
-* package, listings <2>: \verb. (line 6164)
-* package, lmodern: fontenc package. (line 1049)
+ (line 9308)
+* package, index: \index. (line 15468)
+* package, latex-lab: \DocumentMetadata. (line 857)
+* package, latexsym: Arrows. (line 10372)
+* package, listings: tabbing. (line 5517)
+* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 6273)
+* package, lmodern: fontenc package. (line 1208)
+* package, luainputenc: inputenc package. (line 14581)
* package, macros2e: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7202)
-* package, makeidx: \printindex. (line 15480)
-* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 9282)
-* package, mathtools <1>: Delimiters. (line 10393)
-* package, mathtools <2>: \left & \right. (line 10432)
-* package, mathtools <3>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10919)
-* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 11054)
+ (line 7366)
+* package, makeidx: \printindex. (line 15653)
+* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 9452)
+* package, mathtools <1>: Delimiters. (line 10563)
+* package, mathtools <2>: \left & \right. (line 10602)
+* package, mathtools <3>: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11096)
+* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 11231)
* package, mathtools <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11102)
-* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 4904)
+ (line 11279)
+* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 5063)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13929)
+ (line 14107)
* package, mhchem: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9349)
-* package, minted: tabbing. (line 5358)
-* package, minted <1>: verbatim. (line 6114)
-* package, minted <2>: \verb. (line 6164)
-* package, multind: Indexes. (line 15161)
-* package, pict2e: \line. (line 4904)
-* package, polyglossia: Accents. (line 14179)
-* package, polyglossia <1>: \today. (line 14468)
+ (line 9519)
+* package, minted: tabbing. (line 5517)
+* package, minted <1>: verbatim. (line 6273)
+* package, multind: Indexes. (line 15334)
+* package, pict2e: \line. (line 5063)
+* package, polyglossia: Accents. (line 14357)
+* package, polyglossia <1>: \today. (line 14641)
* package, polyglossia <2>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14841)
-* package, polyglossia <3>: \index. (line 15250)
-* package, PSTricks: \line. (line 4904)
+ (line 15014)
+* package, polyglossia <3>: \index. (line 15423)
+* package, PSTricks: \line. (line 5063)
* package, setspace: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2111)
-* package, shellesc: \write18. (line 16357)
-* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 15161)
-* package, siunitx: minipage. (line 4616)
-* package, siunitx <1>: ~. (line 12032)
-* package, suffix: \@ifstar. (line 7274)
+ (line 2270)
+* package, shellesc: \write18. (line 16530)
+* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 15334)
+* package, siunitx: minipage. (line 4775)
+* package, siunitx <1>: ~. (line 12209)
+* package, suffix: \@ifstar. (line 7438)
* package, tablefootnote: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 6919)
-* package, texosquery: \write18. (line 16351)
+ (line 7083)
+* package, texosquery: \write18. (line 16524)
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13926)
-* package, textcomp: Text symbols. (line 13955)
-* package, TikZ: \line. (line 4904)
-* package, TikZ <1>: \strut. (line 12316)
-* package, TikZ <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12549)
-* package, tikz-cd: Arrows. (line 10237)
-* package, titlesec: Sectioning. (line 2409)
-* package, titlesec <1>: \part. (line 2490)
-* package, titlesec <2>: \chapter. (line 2569)
-* package, titlesec <3>: \section. (line 2647)
-* package, titlesec <4>: \subsection. (line 2713)
+ (line 14104)
+* package, textcomp: Text symbols. (line 14133)
+* package, TikZ: \line. (line 5063)
+* package, TikZ <1>: \strut. (line 12493)
+* package, TikZ <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12726)
+* package, tikz-cd: Arrows. (line 10407)
+* package, titlesec: Sectioning. (line 2568)
+* package, titlesec <1>: \part. (line 2649)
+* package, titlesec <2>: \chapter. (line 2728)
+* package, titlesec <3>: \section. (line 2806)
+* package, titlesec <4>: \subsection. (line 2872)
* package, titlesec <5>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2788)
+ (line 2947)
* package, tocbibbind: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14828)
+ (line 15001)
* package, tocloft: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14828)
-* package, tocloft <1>: \contentsline. (line 15047)
-* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10890)
+ (line 15001)
+* package, tocloft <1>: \contentsline. (line 15220)
+* package, ulem: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11062)
* package, unicode-math: OpenType bold math.
- (line 10302)
-* package, unicode-math <1>: Dots. (line 10655)
-* package, unicode-math <2>: Greek letters. (line 10704)
-* package, url: \verb. (line 6161)
-* package, verbatimbox: verbatim. (line 6120)
+ (line 10472)
+* package, unicode-math <1>: Dots. (line 10825)
+* package, unicode-math <2>: Greek letters. (line 10874)
+* package, url: \verb. (line 6322)
+* package, verbatimbox: verbatim. (line 6279)
* package, xparse: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 646)
-* package, xparse <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7274)
-* package, xr: xr package. (line 3220)
-* package, xr-hyper: xr package. (line 3220)
-* package, xspace: xspace package. (line 7786)
-* package, xstring: Jobname. (line 16607)
-* packages, loading additional: \usepackage. (line 880)
+ (line 803)
+* package, xparse <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7438)
+* package, xr: xr package. (line 3379)
+* package, xr-hyper: xr package. (line 3379)
+* package, xspace: xspace package. (line 7956)
+* package, xstring: Jobname. (line 16780)
+* packages, loading additional: \usepackage. (line 1039)
* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6650)
+ (line 6808)
* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6650)
-* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 6519)
-* page counter: Counters. (line 8332)
+ (line 6808)
+* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 6677)
+* page counter: Counters. (line 8502)
* page layout parameters: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
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-* page_precedence: makeindex. (line 15451)
-* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 10408)
-* paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 2063)
+* page number representation: \thepage. (line 11818)
+* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 3326)
+* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 11633)
+* page style, this page: \thispagestyle. (line 11785)
+* page styles: Page styles. (line 11549)
+* page_precedence: makeindex. (line 15624)
+* page, colored: Colored pages. (line 14010)
+* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 10578)
+* paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* paragraph counter: Counters. (line 8332)
+ (line 2890)
+* paragraph counter: Counters. (line 8502)
* paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 9145)
-* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 4582)
-* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation & quote. (line 5188)
+ (line 9315)
+* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 4741)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation & quote. (line 5347)
* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quotation & quote.
- (line 5188)
-* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 11300)
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-* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 14001)
-* paragraph, ending: \par. (line 9043)
-* paragraph, in a box: \parbox. (line 12638)
-* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 8982)
-* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 6743)
+ (line 5347)
+* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 11477)
+* paragraph mode <1>: \parbox. (line 12815)
+* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 14179)
+* paragraph, ending: \par. (line 9213)
+* paragraph, in a box: \parbox. (line 12815)
+* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 9152)
+* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 6902)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
+ (line 2063)
* parameters, substituting: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7039)
+ (line 7203)
* parent directories, cannot write to: \write and security.
- (line 16220)
-* parentheses: Delimiters. (line 10358)
-* parentheses and ends of sentences: \@. (line 11876)
-* part: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* part <1>: \part. (line 2442)
-* part counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* pattern, current tab stops, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5263)
-* pc: Units of length. (line 8658)
-* PDF graphic files: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* PDF, tagged: \DocumentMetadata. (line 690)
-* pdflatex: TeX engines. (line 540)
-* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 499)
-* pdflatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 591)
-* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 499)
-* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 541)
-* period, abbreviation-ending: \@. (line 11858)
-* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 14131)
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-* picture environment: picture. (line 4643)
-* pictures, creating: picture. (line 4643)
-* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 14001)
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-* platex: TeX engines. (line 579)
-* platex-dev: TeX engines. (line 592)
-* plural: \newglossaryentry. (line 15582)
-* PNG files: \includegraphics. (line 13154)
-* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 6179)
-* point: Units of length. (line 8655)
+ (line 16393)
+* parentheses: Delimiters. (line 10528)
+* parentheses and ends of sentences: \@. (line 12053)
+* part: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* part <1>: \part. (line 2601)
+* part counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* pattern, current tab stops, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5422)
+* pc: Units of length. (line 8828)
+* PDF graphic files: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* PDF, tagged: \DocumentMetadata. (line 847)
+* pdflatex: TeX engines. (line 544)
+* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 503)
+* pdflatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 602)
+* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 503)
+* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 545)
+* percent character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 744)
+* period, abbreviation-ending: \@. (line 12035)
+* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 14309)
+* period, sentence-ending: \@. (line 12035)
+* period, spacing after: \@. (line 12035)
+* pica: Units of length. (line 8829)
+* pict2e package: \line. (line 5063)
+* picture environment: picture. (line 4802)
+* pictures, creating: picture. (line 4802)
+* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 14179)
+* placement of floats: Floats. (line 2315)
+* platex: TeX engines. (line 590)
+* platex-dev: TeX engines. (line 603)
+* plural: \newglossaryentry. (line 15755)
+* PNG files: \includegraphics. (line 13331)
+* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 6337)
+* point: Units of length. (line 8825)
* polish l: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14346)
-* polyglossia package: Accents. (line 14179)
-* polyglossia package <1>: \today. (line 14468)
+ (line 14524)
+* polyglossia package: Accents. (line 14357)
+* polyglossia package <1>: \today. (line 14641)
* polyglossia package <2>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14841)
-* polyglossia package <3>: \index. (line 15250)
+ (line 15014)
+* polyglossia package <3>: \index. (line 15423)
* portrait orientation: Document class options.
- (line 835)
-* position, in picture: picture. (line 4701)
-* postamble: makeindex. (line 15363)
-* PostScript point: Units of length. (line 8665)
-* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 15862)
-* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 14005)
-* preamble: makeindex. (line 15359)
+ (line 994)
+* position, in picture: picture. (line 4860)
+* postamble: makeindex. (line 15536)
+* PostScript point: Units of length. (line 8835)
+* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 16035)
+* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 14183)
+* preamble: makeindex. (line 15532)
* preamble, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 469)
-* prerelease testing: TeX engines. (line 595)
-* processing options: \ProcessOptions. (line 8181)
+ (line 473)
+* prerelease testing: TeX engines. (line 606)
+* printing special characters: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14037)
+* processing options: \ProcessOptions. (line 8351)
* prompt, *: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16642)
-* pronunciation: Overview. (line 445)
-* PSTricks package: \line. (line 4904)
-* pt: Units of length. (line 8654)
-* punctuation, sentence-ending: \@. (line 11858)
+ (line 16815)
+* pronunciation: Overview. (line 449)
+* PSTricks package: \line. (line 5063)
+* pt: Units of length. (line 8824)
+* punctuation, sentence-ending: \@. (line 12035)
* quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10988)
-* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 14134)
-* question marks, ending a sentence: \@. (line 11891)
-* quotation environment: quotation & quote. (line 5188)
-* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 5188)
-* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 14149)
-* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 14153)
+ (line 11165)
+* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 14312)
+* question marks, ending a sentence: \@. (line 12068)
+* quotation environment: quotation & quote. (line 5347)
+* quotation marks, as ligatures: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 5347)
+* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 14327)
+* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 14331)
* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation & quote.
- (line 5188)
+ (line 5347)
* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation & quote.
- (line 5188)
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-* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 3905)
-* read a file: \read. (line 15994)
+ (line 5347)
+* quotes and ends of sentences: \@. (line 12053)
+* radical: \sqrt. (line 11444)
+* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 4146)
+* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 4126)
+* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 4093)
+* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 4064)
+* read a file: \read. (line 16167)
* redefining a command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6963)
+ (line 7127)
* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7381)
-* reference, forward: Cross references. (line 3090)
-* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 512)
-* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 14156)
-* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 11284)
-* release candidates: TeX engines. (line 595)
-* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 9177)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 748)
+ (line 7545)
+* reference, forward: Cross references. (line 3249)
+* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 516)
+* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 14334)
+* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 11461)
+* release candidates: TeX engines. (line 606)
+* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 9347)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 907)
* reporting bugs: About this document.
- (line 400)
-* reserved characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 13860)
-* resizing: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13569)
-* restricted shell access: \write18. (line 16339)
-* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 14159)
-* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 14052)
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-* right quote: Text symbols. (line 14012)
-* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 14140)
-* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 14146)
+ (line 404)
+* reserved characters, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 731)
+* reserved characters, printing: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14037)
+* resizing: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
+* restricted shell access: \write18. (line 16512)
+* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 14337)
+* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 14230)
+* right brace, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 740)
+* right parentheses/quotes, and spacing: \@. (line 12053)
+* right quote: Text symbols. (line 14190)
+* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 14318)
+* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 14324)
* right-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
- (line 838)
-* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 3987)
-* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 3967)
-* rigid lengths: Lengths. (line 8557)
-* ring accent: Accents. (line 14250)
-* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 10861)
+ (line 997)
+* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 4146)
+* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 4126)
+* rigid lengths: Lengths. (line 8727)
+* ring accent: Accents. (line 14428)
+* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 11031)
* robust command, defining: \DeclareRobustCommand.
- (line 7977)
-* robust commands: \protect. (line 7659)
-* roman font: Font styles. (line 1501)
+ (line 8147)
+* robust commands: \protect. (line 7823)
+* roman font: Font styles. (line 1660)
* root file: Splitting the input.
- (line 14496)
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-* roots: \sqrt. (line 11267)
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-* rotation: \rotatebox. (line 13469)
-* row, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5258)
-* rubber lengths: Lengths. (line 8557)
-* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 7329)
+ (line 14669)
+* root file <1>: Jobname. (line 16733)
+* roots: \sqrt. (line 11444)
+* rotating graphics: \rotatebox. (line 13646)
+* rotating text: \rotatebox. (line 13646)
+* rotation: \rotatebox. (line 13646)
+* row, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5417)
+* rubber lengths: Lengths. (line 8727)
+* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 7493)
* running header and footer: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1904)
-* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11522)
+ (line 2063)
+* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11699)
* samepage environment: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
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-* script fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10341)
-* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 1495)
-* script style: Math styles. (line 11162)
-* scriptscript style: Math styles. (line 11165)
+ (line 6846)
+* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 1666)
+* scaled point: Units of length. (line 8851)
+* scaling: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
+* script fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10511)
+* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 1654)
+* script style: Math styles. (line 11339)
+* scriptscript style: Math styles. (line 11342)
* scrollmode: Command line options.
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-* secnumdepth: Sectioning. (line 2419)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2420)
-* section: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* section <1>: \section. (line 2589)
-* section counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3191)
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-* section, redefining: \@startsection. (line 2866)
-* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* sectioning, part: \part. (line 2442)
+ (line 16606)
+* secnumdepth: Sectioning. (line 2578)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2579)
+* section: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* section <1>: \section. (line 2748)
+* section counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3350)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 2579)
+* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 14194)
+* section, redefining: \@startsection. (line 3025)
+* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* sectioning, part: \part. (line 2601)
* security and \write: \write and security.
- (line 16204)
-* see and see also index entries: \index. (line 15250)
-* self-contained sources: filecontents. (line 3876)
-* sentence-ending punctuation: \@. (line 11858)
+ (line 16377)
+* see and see also index entries: \index. (line 15423)
+* self-contained sources: filecontents. (line 4035)
+* sentence-ending punctuation: \@. (line 12035)
* series, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1660)
+ (line 1819)
* setspace package: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2111)
-* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 8465)
-* sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16346)
+ (line 2270)
+* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 8635)
+* sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 16519)
* shapes, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1700)
+ (line 1859)
+* sharp character (#), meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 761)
* sharp S letters: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14362)
-* shell access: \write18. (line 16292)
+ (line 14540)
+* shell access: \write18. (line 16465)
* shell escape: Command line options.
- (line 16467)
-* SHELL, environment variables: \write18. (line 16346)
-* shellesc package: \write18. (line 16357)
-* showidx package: Indexes. (line 15161)
-* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 6085)
-* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13984)
-* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 14143)
-* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 14009)
-* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 14149)
-* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 14146)
-* siunitx package: minipage. (line 4616)
-* siunitx package <1>: ~. (line 12032)
-* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 1561)
-* skip plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8557)
-* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7329)
-* slanted font: Font styles. (line 1510)
-* slash character, breakable: \slash. (line 6392)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 748)
-* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6440)
-* sloppypar environment <1>: sloppypar. (line 6440)
+ (line 16640)
+* SHELL, environment variables: \write18. (line 16519)
+* shellesc package: \write18. (line 16530)
+* showidx package: Indexes. (line 15334)
+* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 6244)
+* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 14162)
+* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 14321)
+* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 14187)
+* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 14327)
+* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 14324)
+* siunitx package: minipage. (line 4775)
+* siunitx package <1>: ~. (line 12209)
+* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 1720)
+* skip plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8727)
+* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7493)
+* slanted font: Font styles. (line 1669)
+* slash character, breakable: \slash. (line 6550)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 907)
+* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6598)
+* sloppypar environment <1>: sloppypar. (line 6598)
* slot, font: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1146)
-* small caps font: Font styles. (line 1504)
-* sort: \newglossaryentry. (line 15586)
-* source files, making self-contained: filecontents. (line 3876)
-* sp: Units of length. (line 8680)
+ (line 1305)
+* small caps font: Font styles. (line 1663)
+* sort: \newglossaryentry. (line 15759)
+* source files, making self-contained: filecontents. (line 4035)
+* sp: Units of length. (line 8850)
* space between lines: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2037)
-* space factor: \spacefactor. (line 11799)
-* space, inserting horizontal: \hss. (line 11773)
-* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 12425)
+ (line 2196)
+* space factor: \spacefactor. (line 11976)
+* space, inserting horizontal: \hss. (line 11950)
+* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 12602)
* space, negative thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
+ (line 12238)
* space, thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
-* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 11994)
-* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 12345)
-* spaces: Spaces. (line 11659)
+ (line 12238)
+* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 12171)
+* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 12522)
+* spaces: Spaces. (line 11836)
* spaces, ignore around commands: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7711)
-* spaces, ignore around commands <1>: xspace package. (line 7786)
+ (line 7881)
+* spaces, ignore around commands <1>: xspace package. (line 7956)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10925)
+ (line 11102)
* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
- (line 11907)
-* spacing, inter-sentence <1>: \normalsfcodes. (line 11931)
+ (line 12084)
+* spacing, inter-sentence <1>: \normalsfcodes. (line 12108)
* spacing, math mode: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* spacing, math mode <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 14128)
-* special characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 13860)
-* special characters <1>: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14316)
+ (line 11237)
+* spacing, math mode <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* Spanish exclamation mark, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 14306)
+* Spanish question mark, as ligature: Ligatures. (line 680)
+* special characters: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 14494)
+* special characters, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 731)
+* special characters, printing: Printing special characters.
+ (line 14037)
* special insertions: Special insertions.
- (line 13854)
-* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 2156)
+ (line 14031)
+* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 2315)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 14492)
-* square root: \sqrt. (line 11267)
-* stack math: \stackrel. (line 11284)
-* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 7216)
+ (line 14665)
+* square root: \sqrt. (line 11444)
+* stack math: \stackrel. (line 11461)
+* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 7380)
* starred form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 6985)
-* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 6592)
+ (line 7149)
+* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 6750)
* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6550)
+ (line 6708)
* starting and ending: Starting and ending.
- (line 453)
+ (line 457)
* starting on a right-hand page: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6550)
-* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 14005)
-* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 14153)
-* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 14153)
-* straight single quote: Text symbols. (line 14149)
-* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 11740)
-* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 12396)
-* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 1893)
-* strut: \footnote. (line 6756)
-* strut <1>: \strut. (line 12260)
-* strut, math: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* styles of text: Font styles. (line 1422)
-* styles, page: Page styles. (line 11372)
-* subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 6708)
+* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 14183)
+* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 14331)
+* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 14331)
+* straight single quote: Text symbols. (line 14327)
+* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 11917)
+* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 12573)
+* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 2052)
+* strut: \footnote. (line 6919)
+* strut <1>: \strut. (line 12437)
+* strut, math: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* styles of text: Font styles. (line 1581)
+* styles, page: Page styles. (line 11549)
+* subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* subparagraph counter: Counters. (line 8332)
+ (line 2890)
+* subparagraph counter: Counters. (line 8502)
* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9293)
-* subsection: Sectioning. (line 2355)
-* subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2667)
-* subsection counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2355)
+ (line 9463)
+* subsection: Sectioning. (line 2514)
+* subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2826)
+* subsection counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2514)
* subsubsection <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2731)
-* subsubsection counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* suffix package: \@ifstar. (line 7274)
+ (line 2890)
+* subsubsection counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* suffix package: \@ifstar. (line 7438)
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 9293)
-* symbol: \newglossaryentry. (line 15590)
+ (line 9463)
+* symbol: \newglossaryentry. (line 15763)
* symbol, defining: \DeclareTextSymbol.
- (line 1314)
-* symbols, arrows: Arrows. (line 10202)
-* symbols, boldface: bm. (line 10273)
-* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 9356)
-* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 13955)
-* system commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 16292)
-* system information: \write18. (line 16351)
-* T1: fontenc package. (line 1019)
-* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 5218)
-* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 5218)
-* table counter: Counters. (line 8332)
-* table environment: table. (line 5367)
-* table of contents: \contentsline. (line 15019)
+ (line 1473)
+* symbols, arrows: Arrows. (line 10372)
+* symbols, boldface: bm. (line 10443)
+* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 9526)
+* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 14133)
+* system commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 16465)
+* system information: \write18. (line 16524)
+* T1: fontenc package. (line 1178)
+* T1 encoding: fontenc package. (line 1229)
+* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 5377)
+* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 5377)
+* table counter: Counters. (line 8502)
+* table environment: table. (line 5526)
+* table of contents: \contentsline. (line 15192)
* table of contents entry, create dotted line: \@dottedtocline.
- (line 14847)
+ (line 15020)
* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline.
- (line 14882)
-* table of contents file: Output files. (line 522)
+ (line 15055)
+* table of contents file: Output files. (line 526)
* table of contents, avoiding footnotes: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 6853)
+ (line 7017)
* table of contents, creating: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14724)
-* table of contents, page numbers in: \thepage. (line 11641)
+ (line 14897)
+* table of contents, page numbers in: \thepage. (line 11818)
* table of contents, sectioning numbers printed: Sectioning.
- (line 2431)
+ (line 2590)
* tablefootnote package: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 6919)
-* tables, creating: table. (line 5367)
-* tabular environment: tabular. (line 5425)
-* tagged PDF: \DocumentMetadata. (line 690)
-* template (simple), article: article template. (line 16700)
-* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 16670)
-* template, book: book template. (line 16723)
+ (line 7083)
+* tables, creating: table. (line 5526)
+* tabular environment: tabular. (line 5584)
+* tagged PDF: \DocumentMetadata. (line 847)
+* template (simple), article: article template. (line 16873)
+* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 16843)
+* template, book: book template. (line 16896)
* template, book <1>: Larger book template.
- (line 16747)
+ (line 16920)
* templates, document: Document templates.
- (line 16663)
-* terminal input/output: Input/output. (line 15921)
-* terminal, writing to: \write. (line 16127)
-* TeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 14019)
-* texosquery package: \write18. (line 16351)
-* texput, jobname default: Jobname. (line 16581)
-* text style: Math styles. (line 11160)
-* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 13955)
-* text, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* text, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13569)
-* text, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13537)
-* text, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13569)
+ (line 16836)
+* terminal input/output: Input/output. (line 16094)
+* terminal, writing to: \write. (line 16300)
+* TeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 14197)
+* texosquery package: \write18. (line 16524)
+* texput, jobname default: Jobname. (line 16754)
+* text style: Math styles. (line 11337)
+* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 14133)
+* text, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* text, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
+* text, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13714)
+* text, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13746)
* textcase package: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13926)
-* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 13955)
-* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11435)
-* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 5749)
+ (line 14104)
+* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 14133)
+* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11612)
+* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 5908)
* theindex: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15171)
+ (line 15344)
* theindex environment: Produce the index manually.
- (line 15174)
-* theorem environment: theorem. (line 6016)
-* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 7515)
-* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 7515)
-* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6016)
+ (line 15347)
+* theorem environment: theorem. (line 6175)
+* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 7679)
+* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 7679)
+* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6175)
* thin space: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10966)
+ (line 11143)
* thin space <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
+ (line 12238)
* thin space, negative: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10980)
+ (line 11157)
* thin space, negative <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 12061)
+ (line 12238)
* thorn, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 14366)
-* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14162)
-* tie: ~. (line 11994)
-* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 14256)
-* TikZ package: \line. (line 4904)
-* TikZ package <1>: \strut. (line 12316)
-* TikZ package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12549)
-* tikz-cd package: Arrows. (line 10237)
-* tilde accent: Accents. (line 14221)
-* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10864)
-* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 14025)
+ (line 14544)
+* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14340)
+* tie: ~. (line 12171)
+* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 14434)
+* TikZ package: \line. (line 5063)
+* TikZ package <1>: \strut. (line 12493)
+* TikZ package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12726)
+* tikz-cd package: Arrows. (line 10407)
+* tilde accent: Accents. (line 14399)
+* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 11034)
+* tilde character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 765)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 14203)
* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
- (line 846)
-* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6046)
-* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11442)
-* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6046)
+ (line 1005)
+* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6205)
+* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11619)
+* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6205)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 824)
-* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 11384)
-* titlesec package: Sectioning. (line 2409)
-* titlesec package <1>: \part. (line 2490)
-* titlesec package <2>: \chapter. (line 2569)
-* titlesec package <3>: \section. (line 2647)
-* titlesec package <4>: \subsection. (line 2713)
+ (line 983)
+* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 11561)
+* titlesec package: Sectioning. (line 2568)
+* titlesec package <1>: \part. (line 2649)
+* titlesec package <2>: \chapter. (line 2728)
+* titlesec package <3>: \section. (line 2806)
+* titlesec package <4>: \subsection. (line 2872)
* titlesec package <5>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2788)
+ (line 2947)
* tocbibbind package: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14828)
-* tocdepth: Sectioning. (line 2430)
-* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2431)
+ (line 15001)
+* tocdepth: Sectioning. (line 2589)
+* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2590)
* tocloft package: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14828)
-* tocloft package <1>: \contentsline. (line 15047)
-* today’s date: \today. (line 14461)
-* tombstone: \rule. (line 14433)
+ (line 15001)
+* tocloft package <1>: \contentsline. (line 15220)
+* today's date: \today. (line 14634)
+* tombstone: \rule. (line 14606)
* topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2023)
-* topnumber: Floats. (line 2263)
-* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2264)
-* totalnumber: Floats. (line 2267)
-* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2268)
-* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 14165)
-* transcript file: Output files. (line 507)
-* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* TS1 encoding: Text symbols. (line 13955)
-* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 1764)
-* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14168)
+ (line 2182)
+* topnumber: Floats. (line 2422)
+* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2423)
+* totalnumber: Floats. (line 2426)
+* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2427)
+* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 14343)
+* transcript file: Output files. (line 511)
+* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* TS1 (text companion) encoding: fontenc package. (line 1235)
+* TS1 encoding: Text symbols. (line 14133)
+* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 1923)
+* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 14346)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 853)
+ (line 1012)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 853)
-* type styles: Font styles. (line 1422)
-* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 6085)
-* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 1561)
-* typefaces: Fonts. (line 982)
-* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 1513)
-* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 3533)
-* ulem package: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10890)
-* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 14198)
-* unbreakable space: ~. (line 11994)
-* underbar: Accents. (line 14226)
-* underlining: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10881)
-* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 14171)
-* Unicode: inputenc package. (line 14382)
-* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 531)
+ (line 1012)
+* type styles: Font styles. (line 1581)
+* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 6244)
+* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 1720)
+* typefaces: Fonts. (line 1141)
+* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 1672)
+* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 3692)
+* ulem package: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11062)
+* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 14376)
+* unbreakable space: ~. (line 12171)
+* underbar: Accents. (line 14404)
+* underlining: Over- or under math.
+ (line 11051)
+* underscore character, meaning of: Special characters.
+ (line 755)
+* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 14349)
+* Unicode: Input encodings. (line 641)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 535)
* unicode-math package: OpenType bold math.
- (line 10302)
-* unicode-math package <1>: Dots. (line 10655)
-* unicode-math package <2>: Greek letters. (line 10704)
-* units, of length: Units of length. (line 8651)
+ (line 10472)
+* unicode-math package <1>: Dots. (line 10825)
+* unicode-math package <2>: Greek letters. (line 10874)
+* units, of length: Units of length. (line 8821)
* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document.
- (line 396)
-* unordered lists: itemize. (line 4014)
-* Unused global option warning, handling: \DeclareOption. (line 7950)
-* unused options, adding to list: \OptionNotUsed. (line 8128)
-* uplatex: TeX engines. (line 580)
-* uplatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 593)
+ (line 400)
+* unordered lists: itemize. (line 4172)
+* Unused global option warning, handling: \DeclareOption. (line 8120)
+* unused options, adding to list: \OptionNotUsed. (line 8298)
+* uplatex: TeX engines. (line 591)
+* uplatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 604)
* uppercase: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13890)
-* url package: \verb. (line 6161)
-* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 5927)
-* UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding: Overview. (line 430)
-* UTF-8, engine support for: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* UTF-8, font support for: fontenc package. (line 1019)
-* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 8323)
-* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 10867)
-* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6085)
-* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6085)
-* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6128)
-* verbatimbox package: verbatim. (line 6120)
-* verse environment: verse. (line 6179)
-* version of format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8105)
-* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 14042)
-* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 14039)
-* vertical mode: Modes. (line 11324)
-* vertical space: \vspace. (line 12345)
-* vertical space <1>: \addvspace. (line 12425)
+ (line 14068)
+* url package: \verb. (line 6322)
+* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6086)
+* UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding: Overview. (line 434)
+* UTF-8, engine support for: TeX engines. (line 535)
+* UTF-8, font support for: fontenc package. (line 1178)
+* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 8493)
+* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 11037)
+* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6244)
+* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6244)
+* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6289)
+* verbatimbox package: verbatim. (line 6279)
+* verse environment: verse. (line 6337)
+* version of format, requiring: \NeedsTeXFormat. (line 8275)
+* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 14220)
+* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 14217)
+* vertical mode: Modes. (line 11501)
+* vertical space: \vspace. (line 12522)
+* vertical space <1>: \addvspace. (line 12602)
* vertical space before paragraphs: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 9145)
+ (line 9315)
* vertical spacing: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 11060)
-* vertical spacing <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11123)
-* vertical spacing, math mode: \smash. (line 11000)
-* visible space: \verb. (line 6153)
-* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14174)
+ (line 11237)
+* vertical spacing <1>: \mathstrut. (line 11300)
+* vertical spacing, math mode: \smash. (line 11177)
+* visible space: \verb. (line 6314)
+* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 14352)
* weights, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1670)
-* whatsit item: \write. (line 16162)
-* white space: Spaces. (line 11659)
-* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10870)
-* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10873)
+ (line 1829)
+* whatsit item: \write. (line 16335)
+* white space: Spaces. (line 11836)
+* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 11040)
+* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 11043)
* widths, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1682)
+ (line 1841)
* Wright, Joseph: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13932)
-* writing external files: filecontents. (line 3840)
-* writing letters: Letters. (line 15626)
-* x-height: Units of length. (line 8687)
-* xdvi command: Output files. (line 489)
-* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 567)
-* xelatex: TeX engines. (line 566)
-* xelatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 594)
-* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 567)
-* xindex program: makeindex. (line 15468)
-* xindy program: makeindex. (line 15461)
+ (line 14110)
+* writing external files: filecontents. (line 3999)
+* writing letters: Letters. (line 15799)
+* x-height: Units of length. (line 8857)
+* xdvi command: Output files. (line 493)
+* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 572)
+* xelatex: TeX engines. (line 571)
+* xelatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 605)
+* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 572)
+* xindex program: makeindex. (line 15641)
+* xindy program: makeindex. (line 15634)
* xparse package: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 646)
-* xparse package <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7274)
-* xr package: xr package. (line 3220)
-* xr-hyper package: xr package. (line 3220)
-* xspace package: xspace package. (line 7786)
-* xstring package: Jobname. (line 16607)
+ (line 803)
+* xparse package <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7438)
+* xr package: xr package. (line 3379)
+* xr-hyper package: xr package. (line 3379)
+* xspace package: xspace package. (line 7956)
+* xstring package: Jobname. (line 16780)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.xml
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.xml 2024-05-12 22:50:08 UTC (rev 1171)
+++ trunk/latex2e.xml 2024-05-12 22:50:37 UTC (rev 1172)
@@ -1,50 +1,101 @@
<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE texinfo PUBLIC "-//GNU//DTD TexinfoML V7.0//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/dtd/7.0/texinfo.dtd">
+<!DOCTYPE texinfo PUBLIC "-//GNU//DTD TexinfoML V7.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/dtd/7.1/texinfo.dtd">
<texinfo>
<filename file="latex2e.xml"></filename>
<preamblebeforebeginning>\input texinfo
-</preamblebeforebeginning><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 1159 2023-09-30 16:43:58Z karl $ -->
+</preamblebeforebeginning><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 1171 2024-05-12 22:50:08Z karl $ -->
<!-- comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
<setfilename file="latex2e.info" spaces=" ">latex2e.info</setfilename>
-<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED September 2023">September 2023</set>
-<!-- c $Id: common.texi 1089 2022-08-12 20:30:20Z vincentb1 $ -->
+<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED May 2024">May 2024</set>
+<!-- c $Id: common.texi 1168 2024-05-06 17:11:09Z karl $ -->
<!-- c Public domain. -->
<set name="LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE" line=" LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE https://latexref.xyz">https://latexref.xyz</set>
<set name="LTXREFMAN_BUGS" line=" LTXREFMAN_BUGS latexrefman@@tug.org">latexrefman@@tug.org</set>
+
<clear name="HAS-MATH" line=" HAS-MATH "></clear>
-<macro name="iftexthenelse" line=" iftexthenelse {then,else}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>then</formalarg><formalarg>else</formalarg>\else\@c
+<!-- c -->
+<macro name="iftexthenelse" line=" iftexthenelse {then,else}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>then</formalarg><formalarg>else</formalarg>
+\else\@c
</macro>
-<macro name="package" line=" package {packagename}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>packagename</formalarg>@code{\packagename\}
+
+<!-- c package reference. -->
+<macro name="package" line=" package {packagename}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>packagename</formalarg>
+ at code{\packagename\}
</macro>
-<!-- c used to remove something form the spell checker -->
-<macro name="identity" line=" identity {x}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>x</formalarg>\x\
+
+<!-- c used to remove something from the spell checker. -->
+<macro name="identity" line=" identity {x}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>x</formalarg>
+\x\
</macro>
+<!-- c so we can use \mbox in @math/@tex blocks. Should never be used outside. -->
+
<tex endspaces=" ">
+\globaldefs=1
+% lasyfont characters for Texinfo (latexsym package in LaTeX).
+% JH 2018-Nov-12, ideas from wasyfont.tex. Public domain.
+% not going to try to make fonts
+\font\tenlasy = lasy10
+% \font\ninelasy = lasy9
+% \font\eightlasy = lasy8
+\font\sevenlasy = lasy7
+\font\fivelasy = lasy5
+\newfam\lasyfam
+\newcount\lasyfamcount
+% family number is third-least-significant hex digit of mathchar
+\lasyfamcount=\lasyfam \multiply\lasyfamcount by 256
+%
+\textfont\lasyfam=\tenlasy
+ \scriptfont\lasyfam=\sevenlasy
+ \scriptscriptfont\lasyfam=\fivelasy
+%
+\def\lasymathchardef#1#2{%
+ \count255=\lasyfamcount
+ \advance\count255 by"#1
+ \mathchardef#2\count255 }
+% char 1 (math class): 0=ord, 2=bin, 3=rel (taken from latexsym.dtx).
+% char 2: family number, added in by \lasymathchardef.
+% chars 3-4: character code in font. All in hex.
+\lasymathchardef{0030}{\mho}
+\lasymathchardef{3031}{\Join}
+\lasymathchardef{0032}{\Box}
+\lasymathchardef{0033}{\Diamond}
+\lasymathchardef{303B}{\leadsto}
+\lasymathchardef{303C}{\sqsubset}
+\lasymathchardef{303D}{\sqsupset}
+\lasymathchardef{2001}{\lhd}
+\lasymathchardef{2003}{\rhd}
+\lasymathchardef{2002}{\unlhd}
+\lasymathchardef{2004}{\unrhd}
+\font\tenmathbb = msbm10
+% use \hbox to force horizontal mode, as \mathbbN is to be called from Math mode.
+\def\mathbbN{{\hbox{\tenmathbb N}}}
+%
+% must explicitly reset before the (at)end tex, not let the (at)end group
+% reset it; else internal Texinfo variables get messed up.
+\globaldefs=0
</tex>
-<settitle spaces=" ">&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (September 2023)</settitle>
+<settitle spaces=" ">&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)</settitle>
<!-- comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
<!-- c latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, -->
<!-- c xx but latex2e stuff is missing. -->
<!-- c xx random list of a few of the missing items is at the end of this file -->
-<!-- c xx read through latex2e news for things to update. -->
+<!-- c xx read through ltnews and l3news for (lots of) things to update. -->
<!-- c -->
-<!-- c xx ctan, distributions, components of TeX -->
+<!-- c xx distributions, components of TeX -->
<!-- c xx classes and packages: required, additional, useful; oberdiek; fonts -->
<!-- c xx merge permuted-index -->
<!-- c xx merge latex-manual from savannah -->
<!-- c xx merge display style math -->
<!-- c xx systematically check stated math atom type vs. fontdef.dtx etc. -->
-<!-- c xx check recent ltnews for (lots of) changes -->
<!-- c xx \write of non-ASCII chars (vincent mail of 14 Mar 2020 21:39:41) -->
<!-- c xx \nonstopmode etc., if they are officially supported by LaTeX? -->
-<!-- c xx LaTeX defines \do at \begin{document} even though it is not documented -->
<!-- c xx JH explain nfss somewhere -->
<!-- c xx JH expand BiBTeX -->
<!-- c xx JH expand theorem, AMS math -->
-<!-- c xx JH something on code listings -->
<!-- c xx JH ligatures -->
+<!-- c xx \verbatiminput -->
<!-- c -->
<!-- c xx \NewCommandCopy et al. (Brian Dunn, 21 Dec 2021 06:50:17). -->
<!-- c -->
@@ -52,12 +103,10 @@
<!-- c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. -->
<!-- c xx classes.dtx et al. define additional commands. -->
<!-- c xx See also http://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e. -->
-<!-- c -->
-<!-- c xx All the special characters should be definitively described. -->
<copying endspaces=" ">
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version of September 2023.
+document preparation system, version of May 2024.
</para>
<para>This manual was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the
VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -105,20 +154,47 @@
<dircategory spaces=" ">TeX</dircategory>
<direntry endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menutitle separator=": ">LaTeX2e</menutitle><menunode separator=". ">(latex2e)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unofficial LaTeX reference manual.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menutitle>LaTeX2e</menutitle><menuseparator>: </menuseparator><menunode>(latex2e)</menunode><menuseparator>. </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unofficial LaTeX reference manual.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></direntry>
<tex endspaces=" ">
+\global\hbadness=4444 % don't complain much
</tex>
<microtype spaces=" " value="on" line="on"></microtype>
<html endspaces=" ">
+<div class='intro'> <p>This is an unofficial reference manual for
+LaTeX. See below for the <a href='#SEC_Overview'>Table of Contents</a>.
+If you want a tutorial then please instead visit <a
+href="https://www.learnlatex.org/"><code>learnlatex.org</code></a> or
+see <a href='https://ctan.org/topic/tut-latex'>this long list</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This manual has two versions. One has <a
+href="https://latexref.xyz/">separate web pages for each section or
+subsection</a>. It's also available as a <a
+href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.html">single web page</a> and as
+a <a href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.pdf">pdf</a>.
+Translations to French and Spanish are available at
+ at url{https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo}; they're maintained
+separately.
+
+<p> This document is not official. It has not been reviewed by the
+LaTeX maintainers. Our ultimate goal is to cover all (non-private)
+LaTeX commands. Your comments and contributions, including bug
+reports, are very welcome. See <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/'>our project page</a> for more,
+including <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/#license'>license
+information</a> and information on how you can <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/writing.html'>contribute to this
+manual</a> as well as <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/mirroring.html'>mirror it</a>.</p> <!--
+End of opening header -->
</html>
<titlepage endspaces=" ">
<title spaces=" ">&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</title>
-<subtitle spaces=" ">September 2023</subtitle>
+<subtitle spaces=" ">May 2024</subtitle>
<author spaces=" "><url><urefurl>https://latexref.xyz</urefurl></url></author>
<page></page>
<vskip> 0pt plus 1filll</vskip>
@@ -129,17 +205,22 @@
<contents></contents>
<!-- c Best Effort Symbol -->
-<macro name="visiblespace" line=" visiblespace" endspaces=" ">@w{ }
+<macro name="visiblespace" line=" visiblespace" endspaces=" ">
+ at w{ }
</macro>
-<macro name="BES" line=" BES {utf8,math}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>@U{\utf8\}
+<macro name="BES" line=" BES {utf8,math}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>
+ at U{\utf8\}
</macro>
-<macro name="BESU" line=" BESU {utf8,math}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>@U{\utf8\}
+<macro name="BESU" line=" BESU {utf8,math}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>
+ at U{\utf8\}
</macro>
-<macro name="EnvIndex" line=" EnvIndex {env}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>env</formalarg>@findex @r{environment}, @code{\env\}
+<macro name="EnvIndex" line=" EnvIndex {env}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>env</formalarg>
+ at findex @r{environment}, @code{\env\}
@findex @code{\env\} @r{environment}
</macro>
-<macro name="PkgIndex" line=" PkgIndex {pkg}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>pkg</formalarg>@cindex @r{package}, @code{\pkg\}
+<macro name="PkgIndex" line=" PkgIndex {pkg}" endspaces=" "><formalarg>pkg</formalarg>
+ at cindex @r{package}, @code{\pkg\}
@cindex @code{\pkg\} @r{package}
</macro>
@@ -152,39 +233,39 @@
<top spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</sectiontitle>
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of
-September 2023) for &latex;2e, a document preparation system.
+May 2024) for &latex;2e, a document preparation system.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">About this document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bug reporting, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Overview</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">What is &latex;?
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document classes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Some of the various classes available.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Fonts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Layout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Controlling the page layout.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Sectioning</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Cross references</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic referencing.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Environments</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Such as enumerate & itemize.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Line breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing line breaks.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing page breaks.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to produce footnotes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Definitions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Counters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Internal counters used by &latex;.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Lengths</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The length commands.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Making paragraphs</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph commands.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math formulas</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to create mathematical formulas.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Modes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph, Math or LR modes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various styles of page layout.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Spaces</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal and vertical space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Boxes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making boxes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Graphics</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Importing graphics from outside &latex;.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Color</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Defining and using colors.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Special insertions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting reserved and special characters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Splitting the input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Dealing with big files by splitting.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Front/back matter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Letters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The <code>letter</code> class.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Input/output</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">User interaction.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Command line interface</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Common command-line options.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document templates</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Starter templates for various document classes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General index.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>About this document</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bug reporting, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Overview</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">What is &latex;?
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Document classes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Some of the various classes available.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Fonts</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Layout</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Controlling the page layout.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Sectioning</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Cross references</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic referencing.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Environments</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Such as enumerate & itemize.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Line breaking</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing line breaks.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Page breaking</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing page breaks.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Footnotes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to produce footnotes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Definitions</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Counters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Internal counters used by &latex;.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Lengths</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The length commands.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Making paragraphs</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph commands.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math formulas</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to create mathematical formulas.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Modes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph, Math or LR modes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Page styles</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various styles of page layout.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Spaces</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal and vertical space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Boxes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making boxes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Graphics</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Importing graphics from outside &latex;.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Color</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Defining and using colors.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Special insertions</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting reserved and special characters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Splitting the input</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Dealing with big files by splitting.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Front/back matter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Letters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The <code>letter</code> class.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Input/output</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">User interaction.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Command line interface</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Common command-line options.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Document templates</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Starter templates for various document classes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Index</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General index.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
</top>
@@ -267,11 +348,12 @@
UTF-8 (as of 2018). The commands specify, for example, how the text
should be formatted.
</para>
-<para>&latex; is implemented as a set of related so-called &textldquo;macros&textrdquo; which
-use Donald E. Knuth&textrsquo;s &tex; typesetting program or one of its
-derivatives, collectively known as &textldquo;engines&textrdquo;. Thus, the user
-produces output, typically PDF, by giving the input file to a &tex;
-engine. (The following sections describe all this in more detail.)
+<para>&latex; is implemented as a set of so-called &textldquo;macros&textrdquo; (a &tex;
+<dfn>format</dfn>) which use Donald E. Knuth&textrsquo;s &tex; typesetting
+program or one of its derivatives, collectively known as
+&textldquo;engines&textrdquo;. Thus, the user produces output, typically PDF, by giving
+the input file to a &tex; engine. The following sections describe
+all this in more detail.
</para>
<para>The term &latex; is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
the input document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
@@ -285,12 +367,14 @@
sensible, such as in plain text, write it as <samp>LaTeX</samp>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Starting and ending</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Output files</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Files produced.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">&tex; engines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Programs that can compile &tex; and &latex;.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">&latex; command syntax</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General syntax of &latex; commands.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Environment syntax</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{envname} ... \end{envname}.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">CTAN</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The TeX world&textrsquo;s general repository.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Starting and ending</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Output files</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Files produced.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>&tex; engines</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Programs that can compile &tex; and &latex;.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Input text</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Input encodings and special characters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>&latex; command syntax</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General syntax of &latex; commands.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Environment syntax</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{envname} ... \end{envname}.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DocumentMetadata</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Towards accessible PDF output.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>CTAN</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The TeX world&textrsquo;s general repository.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -303,7 +387,7 @@
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="17">hello, world</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; files have a simple global structure, with a standard beginning
-and ending. This is a small example.
+and ending. Here is a small example:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{article}
@@ -318,10 +402,11 @@
</para>
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="18">document class, defined</indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>Here, the <samp>article</samp> is the <dfn>document class</dfn>. It is implemented
-in a file <file>article.cls</file>. You can use any document class on your
-system. A few document classes are defined by &latex; itself, and vast
-array of others are widely available. <xref label="Document-classes"><xrefnodename>Document classes</xrefnodename></xref>.
+<para>Here, the <samp>article</samp> is the <dfn>document class</dfn>. It is
+implemented in a file <file>article.cls</file>. You can use any document
+class available on your system. A few document classes are defined by
+&latex; itself, and a vast array of others are available.
+<xref label="Document-classes"><xrefnodename>Document classes</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="19">preamble, defined</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can include other &latex; commands between the
@@ -328,11 +413,11 @@
<code>\documentclass</code> and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands.
This area is called the <dfn>preamble</dfn>.
</para>
-<para>The <code>\begin{document}</code>, <code>\end{document}</code> pair defines an
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="20">environment</indexterm></cindex>
-<dfn>environment</dfn>; the <samp>document</samp> environment (and no others) is
-required in all &latex; documents (<pxref label="document"><xrefnodename>document</xrefnodename></pxref>). &latex; make
-available to you many environments that are documented here
+<para>The <code>\begin{document}</code> &dots; <code>\end{document}</code> pair
+defines an <dfn>environment</dfn>; the <samp>document</samp> environment (and no
+others) is required in all &latex; documents (<pxref label="document"><xrefnodename>document</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+&latex; provides many environments that are documented here
(<pxref label="Environments"><xrefnodename>Environments</xrefnodename></pxref>). Many more are available to you from external
packages, most importantly those available at CTAN (<pxref label="CTAN"><xrefnodename>CTAN</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
@@ -425,7 +510,7 @@
</para>
</section>
-<node name="TeX-engines" spaces=" "><nodename>&tex; engines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Output files</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
+<node name="TeX-engines" spaces=" "><nodename>&tex; engines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Input text</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Output files</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&tex; engines</sectiontitle>
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="32">engines, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
@@ -439,8 +524,8 @@
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="39">&latex; format (<code>.fmt</code>) files</indexterm></cindex>
<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="40">format files, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="18" mergedindex="cp">.fmt <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<para>&latex; is a large set of commands that is executed by a &tex;
-program (<pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>). Such a set of commands is called a
+<para>&latex; is a large set of commands (macros) that is executed by a
+&tex; program (<pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>). Such a set of commands is called a
<dfn>format</dfn>, and is embodied in a binary <code>.fmt</code> file, which can
be read much more quickly than the corresponding &tex; source.
</para>
@@ -469,7 +554,8 @@
</para>
<para>In other &tex; distributions, <command>latex</command> may invoke e-&tex;
rather than pdf&tex;. In any case, the e-&tex; extensions can be
-assumed to be available in &latex;.
+assumed to be available in &latex;, and a few extensions beyond
+e-&tex;, particularly for file manipulation.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="22" mergedindex="cp">lualatex</indexterm>lualatex</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="43">Lua&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
@@ -499,8 +585,17 @@
program, but this process is automatic. The <code>.xdv</code> file is only
useful for debugging.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="26" mergedindex="cp">platex</indexterm>platex</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="27" mergedindex="cp">uplatex</indexterm>uplatex</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="26" mergedindex="cp">hilatex</indexterm>hilatex</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="45">Hi&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="46">HINT format</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="47">mobile output</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>If &latex; is invoked via the system command <command>hilatex</command>, the
+Hi&tex; engine is run (<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex</urefurl></url>). This
+program produces its own format, named HINT, designed especially for
+high-quality typesetting on mobile devices.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="27" mergedindex="cp">platex</indexterm>platex</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="28" mergedindex="cp">uplatex</indexterm>uplatex</itemformat></itemx>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>These commands provide significant additional support for Japanese and
other languages; the <code>u</code> variant supports Unicode. See
<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</urefurl></url> and <url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</urefurl></url>.
@@ -507,18 +602,18 @@
</para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
<para>As of 2019, there is a companion <code>-dev</code> command and format for
-all of the above:
+all of the above, except <code>hitex</code>:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="28" mergedindex="cp">dvilualatex-dev</indexterm>dvilualatex-dev</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="29" mergedindex="cp">latex-dev</indexterm>latex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="30" mergedindex="cp">lualatex-dev</indexterm>lualatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="31" mergedindex="cp">pdflatex-dev</indexterm>pdflatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="32" mergedindex="cp">platex-dev</indexterm>platex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="33" mergedindex="cp">uplatex-dev</indexterm>uplatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="34" mergedindex="cp">xelatex-dev</indexterm>xelatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="45">release candidates</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="46">prerelease testing</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="29" mergedindex="cp">dvilualatex-dev</indexterm>dvilualatex-dev</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="30" mergedindex="cp">latex-dev</indexterm>latex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="31" mergedindex="cp">lualatex-dev</indexterm>lualatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="32" mergedindex="cp">pdflatex-dev</indexterm>pdflatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="33" mergedindex="cp">platex-dev</indexterm>platex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="34" mergedindex="cp">uplatex-dev</indexterm>uplatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="35" mergedindex="cp">xelatex-dev</indexterm>xelatex-dev</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="48">release candidates</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="49">prerelease testing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are candidates for an upcoming &latex; release. The main
purpose is to find and address compatibility problems before an
official release.
@@ -540,22 +635,238 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
+
</section>
-<node name="LaTeX-command-syntax" spaces=" "><nodename>&latex; command syntax</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environment syntax</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&tex; engines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Input-text" spaces=" "><nodename>Input text</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&tex; engines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
+<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Input text</sectiontitle>
+
+<para>To a first approximation, most input characters in &latex; print as
+themselves. But there are exceptions, as discussed in the following
+sections.
+</para>
+<menu endspaces=" ">
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Input encodings</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Ligatures</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Combined characters: ff fi fl ffi ffl &textldquo; &textrdquo; &textndash; &textmdash; &textlsquo;! &textlsquo;?
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Special characters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">With special meaning: <code>\ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~</code>
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
+
+
+<node name="Input-encodings" spaces=" "><nodename>Input encodings</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Ligatures</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Input text</nodeup></node>
+<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Input encodings</sectiontitle>
+
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="50">character encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="51">input encodings</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="52">encodings, input</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>The input to &tex; (or any computer program) ultimately consists of a
+sequence of bytes. (Nowadays, a byte is almost universally an
+eight-bit number, i.e., an integer between 0 and 255, inclusive.) The
+input encoding defines how to interpret that sequence of bytes, and
+thus how &latex; behaves.
+</para>
+<!-- c UTF-8 -->
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="53">Unicode</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Today, by far the most common way to encode text is with <dfn>UTF-8</dfn>, a
+so-called &textldquo;Unicode Transformation Format&textrdquo; which specifies how to
+transform a sequence of 8-bit bytes to Unicode code points, which are
+defined independent of any particular representation. The Unicode
+encoding defines code points for virtually all characters used
+today in written text.
+</para>
+<para>When &tex; was created, Unicode and UTF-8 did not exist and the 7-bit
+ASCII encoding was by far the most widely used. So &tex; does not
+require Unicode for text input. UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, so a
+pure 7-bit ASCII document is also UTF-8.
+</para>
+<para>Since 2018, the default input encoding for &latex; is UTF-8.
+Some methods for handling documents written in some other encoding,
+such as ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1), are explained in <ref label="inputenc-package"><xrefnodename>inputenc package</xrefnodename></ref>.
+</para>
+<para>You can easily find more about all these topics in any introductory
+computer text or online. For example, you might start at:
+<url><urefurl>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode</urefurl></url>.
+</para>
+</subsection>
+<node name="Ligatures" spaces=" "><nodename>Ligatures</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special characters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Input encodings</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input text</nodeup></node>
+<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Ligatures</sectiontitle>
+
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="54">ligatures</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>A <dfn>ligature</dfn> combines two or more letters (more generally,
+characters) into a single glyph. For example, in Latin-based
+typography, the two letters <samp>f</samp> and <samp>i</samp> are often combined
+into the glyph &textlsquo;fi&textrsquo;.
+</para>
+<para>&tex; supports ligatures automatically. To continue the example, if
+the input has the word <samp>fine</samp>, written as four separate ASCII
+characters, &tex; will output the word &textlsquo;fine&textrsquo; (with the default
+fonts), with three typeset glyphs.
+</para>
+<para>In traditional &tex;, the available ligatures, if any, are defined by
+the current font. &tex; also uses the ligature mechanism to produce
+a few typographical characters which were not available in any
+computer encoding when &tex; was invented. In all, in the original
+Computer Modern fonts, the following input character sequences are
+defined to lead to ligatures:
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="55">f-ligatures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="56">double quotation marks, as ligatures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="57">quotation marks, as ligatures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="58">en-dash, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="59">em-dash, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="60">inverted exclamation mark, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="61">inverted question mark, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="62">Spanish exclamation mark, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="63">Spanish question mark, as ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<table commandarg="samp" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">ff</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>ff (f<r></r>f ligature, U+FB00)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">fi</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>fi (f<r></r>i ligature, U+FB01)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">fl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>fl (f<r></r>l ligature, U+FB02)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">ffi</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>ffi (f<r></r>f<r></r>i ligature, U+FB03)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">ffl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>ffl (f<r></r>f<r></r>l ligature, U+FB04)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">``</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>&textldquo; (left double quotation mark, U+201C)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">''</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>&textrdquo; (right double quotation mark, U+201D)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">--</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>&textndash; (en-dash, U+2013)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">---</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>&textmdash; (em-dash, U+2014)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">!`</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>!&textlsquo; (inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">?`</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>?&textlsquo; (inverted question mark, U+00BF)
+</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
+
+<noindent></noindent> <para>(For the f-ligatures above, the text in parentheses shows the
+individual characters, so in the typeset output you can easily see the
+difference between the ligature and the original character sequence.)
+</para>
+<para>Nowadays it&textrsquo;s usually possible to directly input the punctuation
+characters as Unicode characters, and &latex; supports that (see
+previous section). But even today, it can still often be useful to
+use the ASCII ligature input form; for example, the difference between
+an en-dash and em-dash, as a single glyph, can be all but impossible
+to discern, but the difference between two and three ASCII hyphen
+characters is clear. Similarly with quotation marks, in some fonts.
+</para>
+<para>Thus, even the engines with native support for UTF-8, namely Lua&tex;
+and Xe&tex;, also support the ASCII ligature input sequences by
+default, independent of the font used. They also need to do so for
+compatibility.
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="64">alphabetic presentation forms Unicode block</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>By the way, the f-ligatures are also available in Unicode (the
+&textldquo;Alphabetic Presentation Forms&textrdquo; block starting at U+FB00), but it&textrsquo;s
+almost never desirable to use them as input characters, since in
+principle it should be up to the typesetter and the current font
+whether to use ligatures. Also, in practice, using them will
+typically cause searches to fail, that is, a search for the two
+characters <samp>fi</samp> will not be matched by the ligature &textlsquo;fi&textrsquo; at
+U+FB01.
+</para>
+
+</subsection>
+<node name="Special-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Special characters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Ligatures</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input text</nodeup></node>
+<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Special characters: <code>\ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~</code></sectiontitle>
+
+<anchor name="Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</anchor><!-- c old node name -->
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="65">reserved characters, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="66">special characters, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="67">meaning of special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>Besides ligatures (see previous section), a few individual characters
+have special meaning to &latex;. They are called <dfn>reserved
+characters</dfn> or <dfn>special characters</dfn>. Here they are:
+</para>
+<table commandarg="samp" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">\</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="36" mergedindex="cp">\ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="68">backslash, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Introduces a command name, as seen throughout this manual.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">{</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">}</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="37" mergedindex="cp">{ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="38" mergedindex="cp">} <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="69">left brace, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="70">right brace, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="71">braces, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="72">curly braces, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Delimits a required argument to a command or a level of grouping, as
+seen throughout this manual.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">% </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="39" mergedindex="cp">% <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="73">percent character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Starts a comment: the <samp>%</samp> and all remaining characters on the
+current line are ignored.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">$</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="40" mergedindex="cp">$ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="74">dollar sign character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Starts and ends math mode (<pxref label="Math-formulas"><xrefnodename>Math formulas</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">&</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="41" mergedindex="cp">& <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="75">ampersand character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Separates cells in a table (<pxref label="tabular"><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">_ </itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">^</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="42" mergedindex="cp">_ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="43" mergedindex="cp">^ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="76">underscore character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="77">hat character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="78">caret character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Introduce a subscript or superscript, respectively, in math
+(<pxref label="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts"><xrefnodename>Subscripts & superscripts</xrefnodename></pxref>); they produce an error outside
+math mode. As a little-used special feature, two superscript
+characters in a row can introduce special notation for an arbitrary
+character.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp"># </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="44" mergedindex="cp"># <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="79">number sign character (<code>#</code>), meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="80">sharp character (<code>#</code>), meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="81">hash character (<code>#</code>), meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Stands for arguments in a macro definition (<pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand &
+\renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="samp">~ </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="45" mergedindex="cp">~ <r>character</r>, meaning of</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="82">tilde character, meaning of</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Produces a nonbreakable interword space (<pxref label="_007e"><xrefnodename>~</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry></table>
+
+<para><xref label="Printing-special-characters"><xrefnodename>Printing special characters</xrefnodename></xref>, for how to typeset these
+characters when you need them literally.
+</para>
+
+</subsection>
+</section>
+<node name="LaTeX-command-syntax" spaces=" "><nodename>&latex; command syntax</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environment syntax</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Input text</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&latex; command syntax</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="47">command syntax</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="35" mergedindex="cp">\ <r>character starting commands</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="36" mergedindex="cp">[...] <r>(for optional arguments)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="37" mergedindex="cp">{...} <r>(for required arguments)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="83">command syntax</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="46" mergedindex="cp">\ <r>character starting commands</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="47" mergedindex="cp">[...] <r>(for optional arguments)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="48" mergedindex="cp">{...} <r>(for required arguments)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>In the &latex; input file, a command name starts with a backslash
character, <code>\</code>. The name itself then consists of either
(a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter.
</para>
-<para>&latex; commands names are case sensitive so that <code>\pagebreak</code>
-differs from <code>\Pagebreak</code> (the latter is not a standard command).
-Most command names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all
-commands in the same case as they are defined.
+<para>&latex; commands names are case sensitive; for example,
+<code>\pagebreak</code> differs from <code>\Pagebreak</code> (the latter is not a
+standard command). Most command names are lowercase, but in any event
+you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.
</para>
<para>A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments. These
arguments may be either required or optional. Required arguments are
@@ -562,7 +873,8 @@
contained in curly braces, <code>{...}</code>. Optional arguments are
contained in square brackets, <code>[...]</code>. Generally, but not
universally, if the command accepts an optional argument, it comes
-first, before any required arguments.
+first, before any required arguments; optional arguments could come
+after required arguments, or both before and after.
</para>
<para>Inside of an optional argument, to use the character close square
bracket (<code>]</code>) hide it inside curly braces, as
@@ -571,27 +883,28 @@
the first character of the following text be an open square bracket,
hide it inside curly braces.
</para>
-<para>&latex; has the convention that some commands have a <code>*</code> form that
-is related to the form without a <code>*</code>, such as <code>\chapter</code> and
-<code>\chapter*</code>. The exact difference in behavior varies from command
-to command.
+<para>&latex; has the convention that some commands have a <code>*</code> form
+that is closely related to the form without a <code>*</code>, such as
+<code>\chapter</code> and <code>\chapter*</code>. The difference in behavior
+varies from command to command.
</para>
<para>This manual describes all accepted options and <code>*</code>-forms for the
commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a.&noeos; bugs).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="48"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="49"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="84"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="85"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="50"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="51"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="86"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="87"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="52">&latex;3 syntax</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="88">&latex;3 syntax</indexterm></cindex>
<para>As of the 2020-10-01 release of &latex;, the <code>expl3</code> and
<code>xparse</code> packages are part of the &latex;2e format. They
provide a completely different underlying programming language
-syntax. We won&textrsquo;t try to cover them in this document; see the related
+syntax. We won&textrsquo;t try to cover that in this document; see the related
package documentation and other &latex; manuals.
</para>
+
</section>
<node name="Environment-syntax" spaces=" "><nodename>Environment syntax</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DocumentMetadata</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environment syntax</sectiontitle>
@@ -631,7 +944,7 @@
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
- ... rows of table ...
+ ... <var>rows-of-table</var> ...
\end{tabular}
</pre></example>
@@ -640,15 +953,17 @@
<node name="_005cDocumentMetadata" spaces=" "><nodename>\DocumentMetadata</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">CTAN</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environment syntax</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="38" mergedindex="cp">\DocumentMetadata</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="53">tagged PDF</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="54">PDF, tagged</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="55">metadata, adding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="56">accessibility</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="49" mergedindex="cp">\DocumentMetadata</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="89">tagged PDF</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="90">PDF, tagged</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="91">metadata, adding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="92">accessibility</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\DocumentMetadata</code> command was added to &latex; in 2022.
It enables so-called &textldquo;tagging&textrdquo; of the PDF output, aiding
-accessibility of the PDF.
+accessibility of the PDF. It is supported best with Lua&latex;;
+pdf&latex; and Xe&latex; are supported as well as possible
+(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>It is unlike nearly any other command in &latex; in that it must
occur before the <code>\documentclass</code> command that starts a &latex;
@@ -656,10 +971,10 @@
called with <code>\RequirePackage</code> rather than <code>\usepackage</code>
(<pxref label="_005cRequirePackage"><xrefnodename>\RequirePackage</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="57"><r>package</r>, <code>latex-lab</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="58"><code>latex-lab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="93"><r>package</r>, <code>latex-lab</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="94"><code>latex-lab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="39" mergedindex="cp">documentmetadata-support-doc <r>document</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="50" mergedindex="cp">documentmetadata-support-doc <r>document</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>This support is still in development, so we will not try to list all
the possible settings. Please see the
<code>documentmetadata-support-doc</code> document, part of the
@@ -673,8 +988,8 @@
</pre></example>
<para>As you can see from the key name <code>testphase</code>, this is all still
-in an experimental phase. But the &latex; developers strongly
-encourage users to give it a try and report problems.
+in an experimental phase. The &latex; developers strongly encourage
+users to give it a try and report problems, so it can be improved.
</para>
</section>
@@ -681,7 +996,7 @@
<node name="CTAN" spaces=" "><nodename>CTAN</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\DocumentMetadata</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>CTAN: The Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="59">CTAN</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="95">CTAN</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network, CTAN, is the &tex; and
&latex; community&textrsquo;s repository of free material. It is a set of
@@ -694,10 +1009,10 @@
a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher&textrsquo;s
specifications.
</para>
-<para>In addition to the massive holdings, the <code>ctan.org</code> web site
+<para>In addition to its massive holdings, the <code>ctan.org</code> web site
offers features such as search by name or by functionality.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="60">DANTE e.V.</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="96">DANTE e.V.</indexterm></cindex>
<para>CTAN is not a single host, but instead is a set of hosts, one of which
is the so-called &textldquo;master&textrdquo;. The master host actively manages the
material, for instance, by accepting uploads of new or updated
@@ -704,7 +1019,7 @@
packages. For many years, it has been hosted by the German &tex;
group, DANTE e.V.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="61">mirrors of CTAN</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="97">mirrors of CTAN</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Other sites around the world help out by mirroring, that is,
automatically syncing their collections with the master site and then
in turn making their copies publicly available. This gives users close
@@ -718,9 +1033,9 @@
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document classes</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="_005cdocumentclass">\documentclass</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="62">document classes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="63">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="40" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="98">document classes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="99">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="51" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass</indexterm></findex>
<para>The document&textrsquo;s overall class is defined with the <code>\documentclass</code>
command, which is normally the first command in a &latex; source
@@ -730,11 +1045,11 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass[<var>options</var>]{<var>class</var>}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="41" mergedindex="cp">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="42" mergedindex="cp">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="43" mergedindex="cp">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="44" mergedindex="cp">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="45" mergedindex="cp">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="52" mergedindex="cp">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="53" mergedindex="cp">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="54" mergedindex="cp">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="55" mergedindex="cp">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="56" mergedindex="cp">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The following document <var>class</var> names are built into &latex;.
Many other document classes are available as separate packages
(<pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -772,9 +1087,9 @@
<para>Standard <var>options</var> are described in the next section.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document class options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Global options.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\usepackage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bring in additional packages.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Class and package creation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Writing new classes and packages.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Document class options</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Global options.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\usepackage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bring in additional packages.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Class and package creation</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Writing new classes and packages.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -781,10 +1096,10 @@
<node name="Document-class-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Document class options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usepackage</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document class options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="64">document class options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="65">options, document class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="66">class options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="67">global options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="100">document class options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="101">options, document class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="102">class options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="103">global options</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can specify <dfn>global options</dfn> or <dfn>class options</dfn> to the
<code>\documentclass</code> command by enclosing them in square brackets. To
@@ -800,9 +1115,9 @@
</para>
<para>Here is the list of the standard class options.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="46" mergedindex="cp">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="47" mergedindex="cp">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="48" mergedindex="cp">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="57" mergedindex="cp">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="58" mergedindex="cp">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="59" mergedindex="cp">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>All of the standard classes except <code>slides</code> accept the following
options for selecting the typeface size; the default is <code>10pt</code>:
</para>
@@ -810,12 +1125,12 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">10pt 11pt 12pt
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="49" mergedindex="cp">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="50" mergedindex="cp">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="51" mergedindex="cp">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="52" mergedindex="cp">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="53" mergedindex="cp">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="54" mergedindex="cp">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="60" mergedindex="cp">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="61" mergedindex="cp">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="62" mergedindex="cp">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="63" mergedindex="cp">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="64" mergedindex="cp">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="65" mergedindex="cp">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the paper
size (dimensions are listed height by width):
</para>
@@ -839,10 +1154,10 @@
</tableterm><tableitem><para>8.5 by 11 inches (the default)
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="55" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpagewidth</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="56" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpageheight</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="68"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="69"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="66" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpagewidth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="67" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpageheight</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="104"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="105"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>When using one of the engines pdf&latex;, Lua&latex;, or Xe&latex;
(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>), options other than <code>letterpaper</code> set
@@ -853,47 +1168,47 @@
with pdf&latex;, you could include <code>\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth</code> and
<code>\pdfpageheight=\paperheight</code> in the preamble.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="57" mergedindex="cp">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="58" mergedindex="cp">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="59" mergedindex="cp">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="60" mergedindex="cp">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="61" mergedindex="cp">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="62" mergedindex="cp">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="63" mergedindex="cp">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="64" mergedindex="cp">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="68" mergedindex="cp">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="69" mergedindex="cp">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="70" mergedindex="cp">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="71" mergedindex="cp">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="72" mergedindex="cp">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="73" mergedindex="cp">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="74" mergedindex="cp">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="75" mergedindex="cp">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Miscellaneous other options:
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">draft</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">final</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="70">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="106">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Mark (<code>draft</code>) or do not mark (<code>final</code>) overfull boxes with a
black box in the margin; default is <code>final</code>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">fleqn</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="71">flush left equations</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="72">centered equations</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="73">equations, flush left vs.&noeos; centered</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="107">flush left equations</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="108">centered equations</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="109">equations, flush left vs.&noeos; centered</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">landscape</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="74">landscape orientation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="75">portrait orientation</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="110">landscape orientation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="111">portrait orientation</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">leqno</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="76">left-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="77">right-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="78">equation numbers, left vs.&noeos; right</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112">left-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113">right-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114">equation numbers, left vs.&noeos; right</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">openbib</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="79">bibliography format, open</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115">bibliography format, open</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Use &textldquo;open&textrdquo; bibliography format.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">titlepage</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">notitlepage</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="80">title page, separate or run-in</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">title page, separate or run-in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Specifies whether there is a separate page for the title information and
for the abstract also, if there is one. The default for the
<code>report</code> class is <code>titlepage</code>, for the other classes it is
@@ -902,12 +1217,12 @@
<para>The following options are not available with the <code>slides</code> class.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="65" mergedindex="cp">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="66" mergedindex="cp">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="67" mergedindex="cp">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="68" mergedindex="cp">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="69" mergedindex="cp">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="70" mergedindex="cp">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="76" mergedindex="cp">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="77" mergedindex="cp">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="78" mergedindex="cp">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="79" mergedindex="cp">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="80" mergedindex="cp">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="81" mergedindex="cp">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">onecolumn</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twocolumn</itemformat></itemx>
@@ -915,8 +1230,8 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">oneside</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twoside</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="71" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="72" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="82" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="83" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex>
<!-- c xx TODO re-align on the French version which is more accurate. -->
<para>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code>oneside</code>, except
that in the <code>book</code> class the default is <code>twoside</code>.
@@ -934,7 +1249,7 @@
<code>openright</code> for <code>book</code>, and <code>openany</code> for <code>report</code>.
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="73" mergedindex="cp">clock <r>option to <code>slides</code> class</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="84" mergedindex="cp">clock <r>option to <code>slides</code> class</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>slides</code> class offers the option <code>clock</code> for printing
the time at the bottom of each note.
</para>
@@ -944,10 +1259,10 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usepackage</code>: Additional packages</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Additional-packages">Additional packages</anchor><!-- c original node name -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="81">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="82">packages, loading additional</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="83">additional packages, loading</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="74" mergedindex="cp">\usepackage</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">packages, loading additional</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">additional packages, loading</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="85" mergedindex="cp">\usepackage</indexterm></findex>
<para>To load a package <var>pkg</var>, with the package options given in the
comma-separated list <var>options</var>:
</para>
@@ -970,8 +1285,8 @@
<code>\documentclass</code>; see <code>\RequirePackage</code> for that
(<pxref label="_005cRequirePackage"><xrefnodename>\RequirePackage</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="84">global options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="85">options, global</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">global options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">options, global</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Any options given in the global <code>\documentclass</code> command that are
unknown to the selected document class are passed on to the packages
loaded with <code>\usepackage</code>.
@@ -981,9 +1296,9 @@
<node name="Class-and-package-creation" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package creation</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\usepackage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package creation</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="86">document class commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="87">commands, document class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="88">new class commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">document class commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">commands, document class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">new class commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can create new document classes and new packages. For instance, if
your memos must satisfy some local requirements, such as a
@@ -991,8 +1306,8 @@
<code>smcmemo.cls</code> and begin your documents with
<code>\documentclass{smcmemo}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="89">class and package difference</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="90">difference between class and package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">class and package difference</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">difference between class and package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>What separates a package from a document class is that the commands in
a package are useful across classes while those in a document class
are specific to that class. Thus, a command to set page headers is
@@ -1013,7 +1328,7 @@
<code>\smc&arobase;tolist</code>, <code>\smc&arobase;fromlist</code>, etc.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Class and package structure</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Layout of the file.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Class and package structure</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Layout of the file.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -1020,13 +1335,13 @@
<node name="Class-and-package-structure" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package structure</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package creation</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package structure</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="91">class and package structure</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="92">class file layout</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="93">package file layout</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="94">options, document class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="95">options, package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="96">class options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="97">package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">class and package structure</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">class file layout</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">package file layout</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">options, document class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">options, package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">class options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">package options</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A class file or package file typically has four parts.
</para>
@@ -1060,7 +1375,7 @@
fonts, and loading other files.
</para></listitem></enumerate>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="98">class file example</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">class file example</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Here is a starting class file, which should be saved as <file>stub.cls</file>
where &latex; can find it, for example in the same directory as the
<file>.tex</file> file.
@@ -1078,9 +1393,9 @@
passing them all to the <code>article</code> class, and then loads the
<code>article</code> class to provide the basis for this class&textrsquo;s code.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="75" mergedindex="cp">clsguide <r>document</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="99">Class Guide, document</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="100">class writing tutorial document</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="86" mergedindex="cp">clsguide <r>document</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">Class Guide, document</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">class writing tutorial document</indexterm></cindex>
<para>For more, see the official guide for class and package writers, the
Class Guide, at <url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide</urefurl></url> (much of the
description here derives from this document), or the tutorial at
@@ -1097,8 +1412,8 @@
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Fonts</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Typefaces">Typefaces</anchor><!-- c old name -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="101">typefaces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="102">fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">typefaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; comes with powerful font capacities. For one thing, its New
Font Selection Scheme allows you to work easily with the font families
@@ -1138,10 +1453,10 @@
<url><urefurl>https://www.tug.org/fonts/</urefurl></url>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">fontenc package</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Encoding of the font.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Font styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select roman, italics, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Font sizes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select point size.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Low-level font commands</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select encoding, family, series, shape.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>fontenc package</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Encoding of the font.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Font styles</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select roman, italics, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Font sizes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select point size.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Low-level font commands</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select encoding, family, series, shape.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -1148,11 +1463,11 @@
<node name="fontenc-package" spaces=" "><nodename>fontenc package</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font styles</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>fontenc</code> package</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="103">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="104">UTF-8, font support for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="105">T1</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="106">OT1</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="76" mergedindex="cp">fontenc</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">UTF-8, font support for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">T1</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">OT1</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="87" mergedindex="cp">fontenc</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1169,8 +1484,8 @@
<para>Specify the font encodings. A font encoding is a mapping of the
character codes to the font glyphs that are used to typeset your output.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="107"><r>package</r>, <code>fontspec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="108"><code>fontspec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143"><r>package</r>, <code>fontspec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144"><code>fontspec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This package only applies if you use the <code>pdflatex</code> engine
(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you use the <command>xelatex</command> or
@@ -1194,11 +1509,12 @@
output can be copied and pasted. (The optional second line allows you
to directly enter accented characters into your source file.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="109"><r>package</r>, <code>lmodern</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="110"><code>lmodern</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="111"><r>package</r>, <code>cm-super</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112"><code>cm-super</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145"><r>package</r>, <code>lmodern</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146"><code>lmodern</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147"><r>package</r>, <code>cm-super</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148"><code>cm-super</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
<para>If you are using an encoding such as <code>T1</code> and the characters appear
blurry or do not magnify well then your fonts may be bitmapped,
sometimes called raster or Type 3. You want vector fonts. Use a
@@ -1210,22 +1526,27 @@
<file><var>font_encoding</var>enc.def</file>. It also sets <code>\encodingdefault</code>
to be the last encoding in the option list.
</para>
-<para>These are the common values for <var>font_encoding</var>.
+<para>These are the common values for <var>font_encoding</var>:
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">OT1</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>The original encoding for &tex;. Limited to mostly English characters.
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">OT1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>The original 7-bit encoding for &tex;. Limited to mostly English characters.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">OMS, OML</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Math symbols and math letters encoding.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">T1</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>&tex; text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the Users
-Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most European
-accented characters. The most common option for this package.
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">T1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">Cork encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>&tex; text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
+users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to
+most European accented characters. The most common option for this
+package.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">TS1</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Text Companion encoding.
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">TS1 (text companion) encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Text Companion encoding.
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
<noindent></noindent>
@@ -1240,13 +1561,13 @@
fonts before loading <file>fontenc</file>, to prevent the system from loading
any <code>T1</code> encoded fonts from the default.
</para>
-<para>The &latex; team reserve encoding names starting with: <samp>T</samp> for the
-standard text encodings with 256 characters, <samp>TS</samp> for symbols that
-extend the corresponding T encodings, <samp>X</samp> for test encodings,
-<samp>M</samp> for standard math encodings with 256 characters, <samp>A</samp> for
-special applications, <samp>OT</samp> for standard text encodings with 128
-characters, and <samp>OM</samp> for standard math encodings with 128
-characters (<samp>O</samp> stands for <samp>obsolete</samp>).
+<para>The &latex; team reserves encoding names starting with: <samp>T</samp> for
+the standard text encodings with 256 characters, <samp>TS</samp> for symbols
+that extend the corresponding T encodings, <samp>X</samp> for test
+encodings, <samp>M</samp> for standard math encodings with 256 characters,
+<samp>A</samp> for special applications, <samp>OT</samp> for standard text
+encodings with 128 characters, and <samp>OM</samp> for standard math
+encodings with 128 characters (<samp>O</samp> stands for <samp>obsolete</samp>).
</para>
<para>This package provides a number of commands, detailed below. Many of
them are encoding-specific, so if you have defined a command that works
@@ -1254,17 +1575,17 @@
is not in effect.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareFontEncoding</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define an encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextAccent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define an accent in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for using an accent in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">New encoding-specific command.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for encoding-specific commands.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextComposite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Directly access an accented glyph, in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Run code in slot, in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextSymbol</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a symbol in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for a symbol in the encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\LastDeclaredEncoding</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Save most recently declared encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Temporarily switch to another encoding.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareFontEncoding</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define an encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextAccent</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define an accent in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for using an accent in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">New encoding-specific command.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for encoding-specific commands.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextComposite</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Directly access an accented glyph, in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Run code in slot, in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextSymbol</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a symbol in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fallback for a symbol in the encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\LastDeclaredEncoding</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Save most recently declared encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Temporarily switch to another encoding.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -1271,10 +1592,10 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareFontEncoding" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareFontEncoding</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareFontEncoding</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113">font encoding, declaring</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114">encoding, font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="77" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareFontEncoding</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">font encoding, declaring</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">encoding, font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="88" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareFontEncoding</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1319,9 +1640,9 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextAccent" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextAccent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareFontEncoding</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="78" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="89" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1332,7 +1653,7 @@
<para>Define an accent, to be put on top of other glyphs, in the encoding
<var>encoding</var> at the location <var>slot</var>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">slot, font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">slot, font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A <dfn>slot</dfn> is the number identifying a glyph within a font.
</para>
<para>This line from <file>t1enc.def</file> declares that to make a circumflex
@@ -1355,9 +1676,9 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="79" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="80" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="90" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="91" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1400,8 +1721,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cDeclareTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cProvideTextCommand">\ProvideTextCommand</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="81" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCommand</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="82" mergedindex="cp">\ProvideTextCommand</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="92" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCommand</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="93" mergedindex="cp">\ProvideTextCommand</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -1443,7 +1764,7 @@
<samp>LaTeX Error: Command \textperthousand unavailable in encoding
OT1</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="83" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="94" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>\ProvideTextCommand</code> variant does the same, except that it
does nothing if <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> is already defined. The
<code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code> command is faster than this one for simple
@@ -1468,8 +1789,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">\ProvideTextCommandDefault</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="84" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="85" mergedindex="cp">\ProvideTextCommandDefault</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="95" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="96" mergedindex="cp">\ProvideTextCommandDefault</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1512,8 +1833,8 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextComposite" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextComposite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextComposite</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="86" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextComposite</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="97" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextComposite</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1546,8 +1867,8 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbol</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextComposite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="87" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="98" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1574,8 +1895,8 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextSymbol" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextSymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">symbol, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="88" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">symbol, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="99" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1613,9 +1934,9 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\LastDeclaredEncoding</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="89" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="90" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="100" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="101" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1651,7 +1972,7 @@
<node name="_005cLastDeclaredEncoding" spaces=" "><nodename>\LastDeclaredEncoding</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="91" mergedindex="cp">\LastDeclaredEncoding</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="102" mergedindex="cp">\LastDeclaredEncoding</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1678,8 +1999,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cUseTextSymbol">\UseTextSymbol</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cUseTextAccent">\UseTextAccent</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="92" mergedindex="cp">\UseTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="93" mergedindex="cp">\UseTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="103" mergedindex="cp">\UseTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="104" mergedindex="cp">\UseTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -1736,13 +2057,13 @@
<node name="Font-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Font styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font sizes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font styles</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">font styles</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">type styles</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">styles of text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">font styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">type styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">styles of text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The following type style commands are supported by &latex;.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">declaration form of font style commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">declaration form of font style commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the table below the listed commands, the <code>\text...</code> commands,
are used with an argument as in <code>\textit{<var>text</var>}</code>. This is
the preferred form. But shown after it in parenthesis is the
@@ -1759,8 +2080,8 @@
</para>
<anchor name="_005cnocorrlist">\nocorrlist</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cnocorr">\nocorr</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="94" mergedindex="cp">\nocorrlist</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="95" mergedindex="cp">\nocorr</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="105" mergedindex="cp">\nocorrlist</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="106" mergedindex="cp">\nocorr</indexterm></findex>
<para>One advantage of these commands is that they automatically insert italic
corrections if needed (<pxref label="_005c_002f"><xrefnodename>\/</xrefnodename></pxref>). Specifically, they insert the
italic correction unless the following character is in the list
@@ -1771,59 +2092,59 @@
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="96" mergedindex="cp">\textrm</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="97" mergedindex="cp">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="107" mergedindex="cp">\textrm</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="108" mergedindex="cp">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex>
<para>Roman.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textit (\itshape)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="98" mergedindex="cp">\textit</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="99" mergedindex="cp">\itshape</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="109" mergedindex="cp">\textit</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="110" mergedindex="cp">\itshape</indexterm></findex>
<para>Italics.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="100" mergedindex="cp">\textmd</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="101" mergedindex="cp">\mdseries</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="111" mergedindex="cp">\textmd</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112" mergedindex="cp">\mdseries</indexterm></findex>
<para>Medium weight (default).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="102" mergedindex="cp">\textbf</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="103" mergedindex="cp">\bfseries</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113" mergedindex="cp">\textbf</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="114" mergedindex="cp">\bfseries</indexterm></findex>
<para>Boldface.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textup (\upshape)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="104" mergedindex="cp">\textup</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="105" mergedindex="cp">\upshape</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="115" mergedindex="cp">\textup</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="116" mergedindex="cp">\upshape</indexterm></findex>
<para>Upright (default).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsl (\slshape)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="106" mergedindex="cp">\textsl</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="107" mergedindex="cp">\slshape</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="117" mergedindex="cp">\textsl</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="118" mergedindex="cp">\slshape</indexterm></findex>
<para>Slanted.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="108" mergedindex="cp">\textsf</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="109" mergedindex="cp">\sffamily</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="119" mergedindex="cp">\textsf</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="120" mergedindex="cp">\sffamily</indexterm></findex>
<para>Sans serif.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsc (\scshape)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="110" mergedindex="cp">\textsc</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="111" mergedindex="cp">\scshape</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="121" mergedindex="cp">\textsc</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="122" mergedindex="cp">\scshape</indexterm></findex>
<para>Small caps.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112" mergedindex="cp">\texttt</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113" mergedindex="cp">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="123" mergedindex="cp">\texttt</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="124" mergedindex="cp">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex>
<para>Typewriter.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="114" mergedindex="cp">\textnormal</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="115" mergedindex="cp">\normalfont</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="125" mergedindex="cp">\textnormal</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="126" mergedindex="cp">\normalfont</indexterm></findex>
<para>Main document font.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">emphasis</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="116" mergedindex="cp">\emph</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">emphasis</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="127" mergedindex="cp">\emph</indexterm></findex>
<para>Although it also changes fonts, the <code>\emph{<var>text</var>}</code> command
is semantic, for <var>text</var> to be emphasized, and should not be used as a
substitute for <code>\textit</code>. For example, <code>\emph{<var>start
@@ -1842,40 +2163,40 @@
needed.)
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="117" mergedindex="cp">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">bold font</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="128" mergedindex="cp">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169">bold font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Switch to bold face.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="118" mergedindex="cp">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="129" mergedindex="cp">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Switch to calligraphic letters for math.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="119" mergedindex="cp">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">italic font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="130" mergedindex="cp">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">italic font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Italics.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="120" mergedindex="cp">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">roman font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="131" mergedindex="cp">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">roman font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Roman.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="121" mergedindex="cp">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">small caps font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="132" mergedindex="cp">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174">small caps font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Small caps.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="122" mergedindex="cp">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="133" mergedindex="cp">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Sans serif.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="123" mergedindex="cp">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">slanted font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">oblique font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="134" mergedindex="cp">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176">slanted font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177">oblique font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Slanted (oblique).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="124" mergedindex="cp">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">monospace font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="135" mergedindex="cp">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179">monospace font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -1890,19 +2211,19 @@
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathrm</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="125" mergedindex="cp">\mathrm</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="136" mergedindex="cp">\mathrm</indexterm></findex>
<para>Roman, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathbf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="126" mergedindex="cp">\mathbf</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="137" mergedindex="cp">\mathbf</indexterm></findex>
<para>Boldface, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathsf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="127" mergedindex="cp">\mathsf</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="138" mergedindex="cp">\mathsf</indexterm></findex>
<para>Sans serif, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathtt</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="128" mergedindex="cp">\mathtt</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="139" mergedindex="cp">\mathtt</indexterm></findex>
<para>Typewriter, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathit</itemformat></item>
@@ -1910,28 +2231,28 @@
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Italics, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathnormal</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="129" mergedindex="cp">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="140" mergedindex="cp">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex>
<para>For use in math mode, e.g., inside another type style declaration.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathcal</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="130" mergedindex="cp">\mathcal</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="141" mergedindex="cp">\mathcal</indexterm></findex>
<para>Calligraphic letters, for use in math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
<anchor name="_005cmathversion">\mathversion</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="131" mergedindex="cp">\mathversion</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">math, bold</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">bold math</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="142" mergedindex="cp">\mathversion</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181">math, bold</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182">bold math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default.
</para>
<anchor name="_005coldstylenums">\oldstylenums</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="132" mergedindex="cp">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="143" mergedindex="cp">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will
typeset so-called &textldquo;old-style&textrdquo; numerals, which have differing heights
and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard &textldquo;lining&textrdquo;
@@ -1947,9 +2268,9 @@
<node name="Font-sizes" spaces=" "><nodename>Font sizes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Low-level font commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Font styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font sizes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">font sizes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186">font sizes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;.
The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font
@@ -1957,16 +2278,16 @@
<samp>12pt</samp> document size options, respectively (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class
options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="133" mergedindex="cp">\tiny</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="134" mergedindex="cp">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="135" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="136" mergedindex="cp">\small</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="137" mergedindex="cp">\normalsize</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="138" mergedindex="cp">\large</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="139" mergedindex="cp">\Large</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="140" mergedindex="cp">\LARGE</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="141" mergedindex="cp">\huge</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="142" mergedindex="cp">\Huge</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="144" mergedindex="cp">\tiny</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="145" mergedindex="cp">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="146" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="147" mergedindex="cp">\small</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="148" mergedindex="cp">\normalsize</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="149" mergedindex="cp">\large</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="150" mergedindex="cp">\Large</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151" mergedindex="cp">\LARGE</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="152" mergedindex="cp">\huge</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="153" mergedindex="cp">\Huge</indexterm></findex>
<multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on"><code>\normalsize</code> (default)<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88</columnprototype></columnprototypes>
<thead><row><entry command="headitem"> <para>Command </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>10pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>11pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>12pt</code>
@@ -1992,7 +2313,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>24.88
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">declaration form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">declaration form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The commands are listed here in declaration (not environment) form,
since that is how they are typically used. For example.
</para>
@@ -2020,7 +2341,7 @@
latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
typeset. <xref label="Math-styles"><xrefnodename>Math styles</xrefnodename></xref>.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">environment form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">environment form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>An <dfn>environment form</dfn> of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>. However, in practice
this form can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or
@@ -2039,8 +2360,8 @@
<node name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Low-level font commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Font sizes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Low-level font commands</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available
@@ -2051,7 +2372,7 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontencoding">low level font commands fontencoding</anchor>
</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontencoding{<var>encoding</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="143" mergedindex="cp">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="154" mergedindex="cp">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex>
<para>Select the font encoding, the encoding of the output font. There are a
large number of valid encodings. The most common are <code>OT1</code>,
Knuth&textrsquo;s original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and
@@ -2063,9 +2384,9 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontfamily">low level font commands fontfamily</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontfamily{<var>family</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="144" mergedindex="cp">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="155" mergedindex="cp">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Select the font family. The web page
<url><urefurl>https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/</urefurl></url> provides one way to browse
through many of the fonts easily used with &latex;. Here are
@@ -2117,8 +2438,8 @@
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontseries">low level font commands fontseries</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontseries{<var>series</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="145" mergedindex="cp">\fontseries</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="156" mergedindex="cp">\fontseries</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Select the font series. A <dfn>series</dfn> combines a <dfn>weight</dfn> and a
<dfn>width</dfn>. Typically, a font supports only a few of the possible
combinations. Some common combined series values include:
@@ -2136,7 +2457,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>Bold extended
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The possible values for weight, individually, are:
</para>
<multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on">xx</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">Medium (normal) xx</columnprototype></columnprototypes>
@@ -2160,7 +2481,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>Ultra bold
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The possible values for width, individually, are (the meaning and
relationship of these terms varies with individual typefaces):
</para>
@@ -2192,8 +2513,8 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontshape">low level font commands fontshape</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontshape{<var>shape</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="146" mergedindex="cp">\fontshape</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="157" mergedindex="cp">\fontshape</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Select font shape. Valid shapes are:
</para>
<multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on">xx</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">Slanted (oblique)xx</columnprototype></columnprototypes>
@@ -2216,9 +2537,9 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontsize">low level font commands fontsize</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontsize{<var>size</var>}{<var>skip</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="147" mergedindex="cp">\fontsize</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">font size</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="148" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="158" mergedindex="cp">\fontsize</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199">font size</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="159" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
<para>Set the font size and the line spacing. The unit of both parameters
defaults to points (<code>pt</code>). The line spacing is the nominal
vertical space between lines, baseline to baseline. It is stored in the
@@ -2230,7 +2551,7 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-linespread">low level font commands linespread</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="149" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="160" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex>
<para>Equivalent to <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var>factor</var>}</code>,
and therefore must be followed by <code>\selectfont</code> to have any
effect. Best specified in the preamble. <xref label="_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch"><xrefnodename>\baselineskip &
@@ -2238,7 +2559,7 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-selectfont">low level font commands selectfont</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\selectfont</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="150" mergedindex="cp">\selectfont</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="161" mergedindex="cp">\selectfont</indexterm></findex>
<para>The effects of the font commands described above do not happen until
<code>\selectfont</code> is called, as in
<code>\fontfamily{<var>familyname</var>}\selectfont</code>. It is often useful
@@ -2248,7 +2569,7 @@
</para>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-usefont">low level font commands usefont</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\usefont{<var>enc</var>}{<var>family</var>}{<var>series</var>}{<var>shape</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151" mergedindex="cp">\usefont</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="162" mergedindex="cp">\usefont</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as invoking <code>\fontencoding</code>, <code>\fontfamily</code>,
<code>\fontseries</code> and <code>\fontshape</code> with the given parameters,
followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. For example:
@@ -2265,18 +2586,18 @@
<node name="Layout" spaces=" "><nodename>Layout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Sectioning</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Fonts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Layout</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">layout commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">layout commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Commands for controlling the general page layout.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\onecolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use one-column layout.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\twocolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use two-column layout.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\flushbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make all text pages the same height.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow text pages of differing height.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page layout parameters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"><code>\headheight</code> <code>\footskip</code>.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\baselineskip & \baselinestretch</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space between lines.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Floats</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Figures, tables, etc.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\onecolumn</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use one-column layout.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\twocolumn</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use two-column layout.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\flushbottom</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make all text pages the same height.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\raggedbottom</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow text pages of differing height.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Page layout parameters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"><code>\headheight</code> <code>\footskip</code>.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\baselineskip & \baselinestretch</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space between lines.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Floats</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Figures, tables, etc.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -2283,8 +2604,8 @@
<node name="_005conecolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\onecolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\onecolumn</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="152" mergedindex="cp">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">one-column output</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="163" mergedindex="cp">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">one-column output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -2302,9 +2623,9 @@
<node name="_005ctwocolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\twocolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\onecolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\twocolumn</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="153" mergedindex="cp">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">two-column output</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="164" mergedindex="cp">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203">two-column output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -2325,7 +2646,7 @@
<para>These parameters control typesetting in two-column output:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="154" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="165" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnsep">twocolumn columnsep</anchor>
<para>The distance between columns. The default is 35pt. Change it with a
command such as <code>\setlength{\columnsep}{40pt}</code>. You must change
@@ -2332,7 +2653,7 @@
it before the two column mode starts; in the preamble is a good
place.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="155" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="166" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnseprule">twocolumn columnseprule</anchor>
<para>The width of the rule between columns. The default is 0pt, meaning that
there is no rule. Otherwise, the rule appears halfway between the two
@@ -2340,7 +2661,7 @@
<code>\setlength{\columnseprule}{0.4pt}</code>, before the two-column
mode starts.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="156" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="167" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnwidth">twocolumn columnwidth</anchor>
<para>The width of a single column. In one-column mode this is equal to
<code>\textwidth</code>. In two-column mode by default &latex; sets the
@@ -2357,7 +2678,7 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dbltopfraction">twocolumn dbltopfraction</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="157" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="168" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>The maximum fraction at the top of a two-column page that may be
occupied by two-column wide floats. The default is 0.7, meaning that
the height of a <code>table*</code> or <code>figure*</code> environment must not
@@ -2382,13 +2703,13 @@
<para>You can redefine it, as with
<code>\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.9}</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="158" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="169" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dblfloatpagefraction">twocolumn dblfloatpagefraction</anchor>
<para>For a float page of two-column wide floats, this is the minimum fraction
that must be occupied by floats, limiting the amount of blank space.
&latex;&textrsquo;s default is <code>0.5</code>. Change it with <code>\renewcommand</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="159" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="170" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dblfloatsep">twocolumn dblfloatsep</anchor>
<para>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this length is the distance
between floats, at both the top and bottom of the page. The default is
@@ -2396,13 +2717,13 @@
<code>11pt</code>, and <code>14pt plus2pt minus4pt</code> for a document set at
<code>12pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="160" mergedindex="cp">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="171" mergedindex="cp">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dbltextfloatsep">twocolumn dbltextfloatsep</anchor>
<para>This length is the distance between a multi-column float at the top or
bottom of a page and the main text. The default is <code>20pt plus2pt
minus4pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="161" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopnumber</indexterm>\dbltopnumber</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="172" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopnumber</indexterm>\dbltopnumber</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dbltopnumber">twocolumn dbltopnumber</anchor>
<para>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this counter gives the
maximum number of floats allowed at the top of the page. The &latex;
@@ -2439,7 +2760,7 @@
<node name="_005cflushbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\flushbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\flushbottom</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="162" mergedindex="cp">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="173" mergedindex="cp">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex>
<para>Make all pages in the document after this declaration have the same
height, by stretching the vertical space where necessary to fill out the
@@ -2465,8 +2786,8 @@
<node name="_005craggedbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page layout parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedbottom</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="163" mergedindex="cp">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="174" mergedindex="cp">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Make all later pages the natural height of the material on that page; no
rubber vertical lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided
@@ -2481,20 +2802,20 @@
<node name="Page-layout-parameters" spaces=" "><nodename>Page layout parameters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\baselineskip & \baselinestretch</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page layout parameters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="164" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="165" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="166" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="167" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="168" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="169" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="175" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="176" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="177" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="178" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="179" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="180" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnsep">page layout parameters columnsep</anchor>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnseprule">page layout parameters columnseprule</anchor>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnwidth">page layout parameters columnwidth</anchor>
@@ -2503,15 +2824,15 @@
<code>twocolumn</code> is in effect (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
<xref label="_005ctwocolumn"><xrefnodename>\twocolumn</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="170" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="171" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="181" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="182" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-headheight">page layout parameters headheight</anchor>
<para>Height of the box that contains the running head. The default in the
<code>article</code>, <code>report</code>, and <code>book</code> classes is <samp>12pt</samp>,
at all type sizes.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="172" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="173" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="183" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="184" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-headsep">page layout parameters headsep</anchor>
<para>Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top of
the main text. The default in the <code>article</code> and <code>report</code>
@@ -2519,8 +2840,8 @@
document is set at 10pt then it is <samp>0.25in</samp>, and at 11pt or 12pt
it is <samp>0.275in</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="174" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="175" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="185" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="186" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-footskip">page layout parameters footskip</anchor>
<para>Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline of
the page footer. The default in the <code>article</code> and <code>report</code>
@@ -2528,8 +2849,8 @@
the type size is 10pt the default is <samp>0.35in</samp>, while at 11pt it is
<samp>0.38in</samp>, and at 12pt it is <samp>30pt</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="176" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="177" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="187" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="188" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-linewidth">page layout parameters linewidth</anchor>
<para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code>list</code>
(<pxref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>). That is, the nominal value for <code>\linewidth</code> is to
@@ -2540,12 +2861,12 @@
<!-- c etc. For an @code{article} document set in 10pt, the default is -->
<!-- c @samp{345pt}, while in two-column mode that becomes @samp{229.5pt}. -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="178" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="179" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm>\marginsep</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="180" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="181" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="182" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="183" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="189" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="190" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm>\marginsep</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="191" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="192" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="193" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="194" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginparpush">page layout parameters marginparpush</anchor>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginsep">page layout parameters marginsep</anchor>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginparwidth">page layout parameters marginparwidth</anchor>
@@ -2573,10 +2894,10 @@
− \textwidth</code>, while in one-column mode it is 50% of that
distance.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="184" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm>\oddsidemargin</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="185" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm>\evensidemargin</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="186" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="187" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="195" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm>\oddsidemargin</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="196" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm>\evensidemargin</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="197" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="198" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-oddsidemargin">page layout parameters oddsidemargin</anchor>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-evensidemargin">page layout parameters evensidemargin</anchor>
<!-- c xx TODO re-align on French version that is more complete/accurate. -->
@@ -2591,8 +2912,8 @@
difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>, and
<code>\evensidemargin</code> is the remainder.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="188" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm>\paperheight</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="189" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="199" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm>\paperheight</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="200" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-paperheight">page layout parameters paperheight</anchor>
<para>The height of the paper, as distinct from the height of the print area.
Normally set with a document class option, as in
@@ -2599,8 +2920,8 @@
<code>\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class
options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="190" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm>\paperwidth</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="191" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="201" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm>\paperwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="202" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-paperwidth">page layout parameters paperwidth</anchor>
<para>The width of the paper, as distinct from the width of the print area.
Normally set with a document class option, as in
@@ -2607,8 +2928,8 @@
<code>\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class
options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="192" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="193" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="203" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="204" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-textheight">page layout parameters textheight</anchor>
<para>The normal vertical height of the page body. If the document is set at
a nominal type size of 10pt then for an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code>
@@ -2617,8 +2938,8 @@
<samp>38\baselineskip</samp> for all document classes. At 12pt it is
<samp>36\baselineskip</samp> for all classes.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="194" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="195" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="205" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="206" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-textwidth">page layout parameters textwidth</anchor>
<para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body. For an
<code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, the default is <samp>345pt</samp>
@@ -2639,15 +2960,15 @@
specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the
<code>minipage</code> or <code>\parbox</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="196" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm>\hsize</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="197" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="207" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm>\hsize</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="208" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-hsize">page layout parameters hsize</anchor>
<para>This entry is included for completeness: <code>\hsize</code> is the &tex;
primitive parameter used when text is broken into lines. It should not
be used in normal &latex; documents.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="198" mergedindex="cp">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="199" mergedindex="cp">topmargin</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="209" mergedindex="cp">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="210" mergedindex="cp">topmargin</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-topmargin">page layout parameters topmargin</anchor>
<!-- c xxx TODO re-align on French version that is more accurate. -->
<para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the
@@ -2656,8 +2977,8 @@
\headheight − \headsep − \textheight − \footskip</code>,
and then divided by two.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="200" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="201" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="211" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="212" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="page-layout-parameters-topskip">page layout parameters topskip</anchor>
<para>Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline of
the first line of text. For the standard classes, the default is the
@@ -2672,13 +2993,13 @@
<anchor name="_005cbaselineskip">\baselineskip</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cbaselinestretch">\baselinestretch</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="202" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="203" mergedindex="cp">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="204" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">space between lines</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">interline space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">leading</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174">double spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="213" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="214" mergedindex="cp">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="215" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211">space between lines</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212">interline space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213">leading</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214">double spacing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\baselineskip</code> is a rubber length (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It gives
the <dfn>leading</dfn>, the normal distance between lines in a paragraph, from
@@ -2723,9 +3044,9 @@
{\footnotesize $$a+b = c$$}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="205" mergedindex="cp">\lineskip</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="206" mergedindex="cp">\lineskiplimit</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="207" mergedindex="cp">\prevdepth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="216" mergedindex="cp">\lineskip</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="217" mergedindex="cp">\lineskiplimit</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="218" mergedindex="cp">\prevdepth</indexterm></findex>
<para>The process for making paragraphs is that when a new line is added, if
the depth of the previous line plus the height of the new line is less
than <code>\baselineskip</code> then &tex; inserts vertical glue to make up
@@ -2764,8 +3085,8 @@
place at the start of a document, so there you don&textrsquo;t need to follow it
with <code>\selectfont</code>.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A simpler approach is the <code>setspace</code> package. The basic example:
</para>
@@ -2817,8 +3138,8 @@
event, because all floats in a class must appear in sequential order,
every following float in that class also appears at the end.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In addition to changing the parameters, for each float you can tweak
where the float placement algorithm tries to place it by using its
<var>placement</var> argument. The possible values are a sequence of the
@@ -2841,9 +3162,9 @@
appears. However, <code>h</code> is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is
automatically added.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To absolutely force a float to appear &textldquo;here&textrdquo;, you can
<code>\usepackage{float}</code> and use the <code>H</code> specifier which it
@@ -2851,7 +3172,7 @@
<url><urefurl>https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-figurehere</urefurl></url>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">p</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182">float page</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222">float page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>(Page of floats)&textmdash;on a separate <dfn>float page</dfn>, which is a page
containing no text, only floats.
</para>
@@ -2879,8 +3200,8 @@
<code>\afterpage{\clearpage}</code>. This will wait until the current page
is finished and then flush all outstanding floats.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; can typeset a float before where it appears in the source
(although on the same output page) if there is a <code>t</code> specifier in
@@ -2888,7 +3209,7 @@
the <code>t</code> is not acceptable as it keeps the float from being placed
at the top of the next page, then you can prevent it by either using
the <code>flafter</code> package or using the command
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="208" mergedindex="cp">\suppressfloats</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="219" mergedindex="cp">\suppressfloats</indexterm></findex>
<code>\suppressfloats[t]</code>, which causes floats for the top position on
this page to moved to the next page.
</para>
@@ -2897,27 +3218,27 @@
<code>\renewcommand{<var>parameter</var>}{<var>decimal between 0 and 1</var>}</code>):
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="209" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm>\bottomfraction</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="210" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="220" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm>\bottomfraction</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="221" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-bottomfraction">floats bottomfraction</anchor>
<para>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats at
the bottom; default <samp>.3</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="211" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="212" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="222" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="223" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-floatpagefraction">floats floatpagefraction</anchor>
<para>The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats;
default <samp>.5</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="213" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="214" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="224" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="225" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-textfraction">floats textfraction</anchor>
<para>Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too
much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a
different page. The default is <samp>.2</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="215" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="216" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="226" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="227" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-topfraction">floats topfraction</anchor>
<para>Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before
floats; default <samp>.7</samp>.
@@ -2928,21 +3249,21 @@
expression</var>}</code>):
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="217" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="218" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="228" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="229" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-floatsep">floats floatsep</anchor>
<para>Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default
<samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="219" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="220" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="230" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="231" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-intextsep">floats intextsep</anchor>
<para>Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default
<samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp> for 10 point and 11 point documents,
and <samp>14pt plus4pt minus4pt</samp> for 12 point documents.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="221" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="222" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="232" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="233" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-textfloatsep">floats textfloatsep</anchor>
<para>Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
default <samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>.
@@ -2953,26 +3274,26 @@
number</var>}</code>):
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="223" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm>bottomnumber</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="224" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="234" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm>bottomnumber</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="235" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-bottomnumber">floats bottomnumber</anchor>
<para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text page;
default 1.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="225" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm>dbltopnumber</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="226" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="236" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm>dbltopnumber</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="237" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-dbltopnumber">floats dbltopnumber</anchor>
<para>Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a
two-column page; default 2.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="227" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm>topnumber</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="228" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="238" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm>topnumber</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="239" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-topnumber">floats topnumber</anchor>
<para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
default 2.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="229" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm>totalnumber</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="230" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="240" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm>totalnumber</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="241" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="floats-totalnumber">floats totalnumber</anchor>
<para>Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
</para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -2987,7 +3308,7 @@
(<url><urefurl>https://www.latex-project.org/publications/2014-FMi-TUB-tb111mitt-float-placement.pdf</urefurl></url>).
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\caption</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a caption for a floating environment.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\caption</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a caption for a floating environment.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -2994,8 +3315,8 @@
<node name="_005ccaption" spaces=" "><nodename>\caption</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Floats</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\caption</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="231" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185">captions</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="242" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225">captions</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -3077,8 +3398,8 @@
\&arobase;caption has an extra }</samp> then you must put <code>\protect</code> in front
of any fragile commands. <xref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186"><r>package</r>, <code>caption</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187"><code>caption</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226"><r>package</r>, <code>caption</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227"><code>caption</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>caption</code> package has many options to adjust how the caption
appears, for example changing the font size, making the caption be
@@ -3092,21 +3413,21 @@
<node name="Sectioning" spaces=" "><nodename>Sectioning</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Cross references</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Layout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Sectioning</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">part</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191">section</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="232" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="233" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="234" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="235" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="236" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="237" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="238" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229">part</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231">section</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="243" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="244" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="245" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="246" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="247" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="248" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="249" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex>
<para>Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc. All
sectioning commands have the same form, one of:
@@ -3144,7 +3465,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>\subparagraph</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>5
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>All these commands have a <code>*</code>-form that prints <var>title</var> as usual
but does not number it and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
An example of using this is for an appendix in an <code>article</code>. The
@@ -3174,8 +3495,8 @@
<code>\section</code> you will have a <code>\chapter</code>. Otherwise you can get
something like a subsection numbered <samp>3.0.1</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; lets you change the appearance of the sectional units. As a
simple example, you can change the section numbering to uppercase
@@ -3188,9 +3509,9 @@
<para>Two counters relate to the appearance of headings made by sectioning commands.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="239" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth</indexterm>secnumdepth</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="240" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="250" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth</indexterm>secnumdepth</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="251" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="sectioning-secnumdepth">sectioning secnumdepth</anchor>
<anchor name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</anchor>
<para>Controls which sectioning unit are numbered. Setting the counter with
@@ -3204,9 +3525,9 @@
default <code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <file>article</file> class and
2 in the <file>book</file> and <file>report</file> classes.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="241" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth</indexterm>tocdepth</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="242" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="252" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth</indexterm>tocdepth</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="253" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="sectioning-tocdepth">sectioning tocdepth</anchor>
<anchor name="Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</anchor>
<para>Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents.
@@ -3221,14 +3542,14 @@
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\part</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a part.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\chapter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a chapter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\section</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a section.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\subsection</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a subsection.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Lower divisions.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\appendix</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start appendices.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The three parts of a book.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;startsection</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sectional unit headings.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\part</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a part.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\chapter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a chapter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\section</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a section.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\subsection</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a subsection.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Lower divisions.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\appendix</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start appendices.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The three parts of a book.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\&arobase;startsection</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sectional unit headings.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -3235,9 +3556,9 @@
<node name="_005cpart" spaces=" "><nodename>\part</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\chapter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\part</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="243" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">part</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="254" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">part</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3289,15 +3610,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a part is -1
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>, and <ref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the class <code>article</code>, if a paragraph immediately follows the part
title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
<code>indentfirst</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>One package to change the behavior of <code>\part</code> is <code>titlesec</code>.
See its documentation on CTAN.
@@ -3307,8 +3628,8 @@
<node name="_005cchapter" spaces=" "><nodename>\chapter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\section</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\part</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\chapter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="244" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="255" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3375,8 +3696,8 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is 0
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
@@ -3393,8 +3714,8 @@
\makeatother
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent> <para>To make this change because of the primary language for
the document, see the package <code>babel</code>.
@@ -3404,8 +3725,8 @@
running headers. To make that page completely blank,
see <ref label="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage"><xrefnodename>\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To change the behavior of the <code>\chapter</code> command, you can copy its
definition from the &latex; format file and make adjustments. But
@@ -3432,8 +3753,8 @@
<node name="_005csection" spaces=" "><nodename>\section</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\subsection</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\chapter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\section</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="245" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214">section</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="256" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">section</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3501,15 +3822,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <code>indentfirst</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>In general, to change the behavior of the <code>\section</code> command, there
are a number of options. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command
@@ -3537,8 +3858,8 @@
<node name="_005csubsection" spaces=" "><nodename>\subsection</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\section</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsection</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="246" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="257" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3591,15 +3912,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is 2
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <code>indentfirst</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
<code>\subsection</code> command. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command
@@ -3626,16 +3947,16 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></sectiontitle>
<anchor name="_005csubsubsection">\subsubsection</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="247" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="258" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c -->
<anchor name="_005cparagraph">\paragraph</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="248" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="259" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c -->
<anchor name="_005csubparagraph">\subparagraph</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="249" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="260" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3701,15 +4022,15 @@
a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <code>indentfirst</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands.
One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command (<pxref label="_005c_0040startsection"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;startsection</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -3722,9 +4043,9 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\appendix</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="250" mergedindex="cp">\appendix</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231">appendix</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232">appendices</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="261" mergedindex="cp">\appendix</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271">appendix</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272">appendices</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -3756,8 +4077,8 @@
<samp>Appendix A</samp> and <samp>Appendix B</samp>. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template</xrefnodename></xref>,
for another example.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>appendix</code> package adds the command
<code>\appendixpage</code> to put a separate <samp>Appendices</samp> in the document
@@ -3773,21 +4094,21 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></sectiontitle>
<anchor name="_005cfrontmatter">\frontmatter</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="251" mergedindex="cp">\frontmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236">front matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="262" mergedindex="cp">\frontmatter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">front matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c -->
<anchor name="_005cmainmatter">\mainmatter</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="252" mergedindex="cp">\mainmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238">main matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="263" mergedindex="cp">\mainmatter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">main matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c -->
<anchor name="_005cbackmatter">\backmatter</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="253" mergedindex="cp">\backmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">back matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">end matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="264" mergedindex="cp">\backmatter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">back matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282">end matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one or more of:
</para>
@@ -3828,8 +4149,8 @@
<node name="_005c_0040startsection" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;startsection</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="254" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;startsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="265" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;startsection</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -3840,15 +4161,15 @@
<para>Used to help redefine the behavior of commands that start sectioning
divisions such as <code>\section</code> or <code>\subsection</code>.
</para>
-<para>Note that the <code>titlesec</code> package makes manipulation of sectioning
+<para>The <code>titlesec</code> package makes manipulation of sectioning
easier. Further, while most requirements for sectioning commands can be
satisfied with <code>\&arobase;startsection</code>, some cannot. For instance, in
the standard &latex; <code>book</code> and <code>report</code> classes the commands
-<code>\chapter</code> and <code>\report</code> are not constructed in this way. To
+<code>\chapter</code> and <code>\report</code> are not constructed using this. To
make such a command you may want to use the <code>\secdef</code> command.
<!-- c xx define, and make a cross reference to, secdef. -->
</para>
-<para>Technically, <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> has the form
+<para>The <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> macro is used like this:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\&arobase;startsection{<var>name</var>}
@@ -3873,7 +4194,7 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>redefines <code>\section</code> while keeping its standard calling form
-<code>\section*[<var>toctitle</var>]{<var>title</var>}</code> (in which, for reminder,
+<code>\section*[<var>toctitle</var>]{<var>title</var>}</code> (in which, as a reminder,
the star <code>*</code> is optional). <xref label="Sectioning"><xrefnodename>Sectioning</xrefnodename></xref>. This implies
that when you write a command like
<code>\renewcommand{\section}{...}</code>, the
@@ -3930,8 +4251,8 @@
is inserted before this sectioning unit&textrsquo;s title. This space will be
discarded if the sectioning unit happens to start at the beginning of a
page. If this number is negative then the first paragraph following the
-header is not indented, if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
-is indented. (Note that the negative of <code>1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</code>
+header is not indented; if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
+is indented. (Example: the negative of <code>1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</code>
is <code>-1pt plus -2pt minus -3pt</code>.)
</para>
<para>For example, if <var>beforeskip</var> is <code>-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -0.2ex</code>
@@ -3993,7 +4314,7 @@
are defined with <code>\&arobase;startsection</code>, for the <file>article</file>,
<file>book</file>, and <file>report</file> classes.
</para>
-<itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
+<itemize commandarg="bullet" automaticcommandarg="on" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
<listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>For <code>section</code>: <var>level</var> is 1, <var>indent</var> is 0<dmn>pt</dmn>,
<var>beforeskip</var> is <code>-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -0.2ex</code>,
@@ -4079,9 +4400,9 @@
<node name="Cross-references" spaces=" "><nodename>Cross references</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environments</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Cross references</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244">cross references</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284">cross references</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245">label</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285">label</indexterm></cindex>
<para>We often want something like <samp>See Theorem~31</samp>. But by-hand typing
the 31 is poor practice. Instead you should write a <dfn>label</dfn> such as
<code>\label{eq:GreensThm}</code> and then <dfn>reference</dfn> it, as with
@@ -4105,8 +4426,8 @@
the information is in <file>calculus.aux</file>. &latex; puts the
information in that file every time it runs across a <code>\label</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">forward reference</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">forward reference</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The behavior described in the prior paragraph results in a quirk that
happens when your document has a <dfn>forward reference</dfn>, a <code>\ref</code>
that appears before the associated <code>\label</code>. If this is the first
@@ -4118,8 +4439,8 @@
and the output contains the old reference information. In both cases,
resolve this by compiling the document a second time.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>cleveref</code> package enhances &latex;&textrsquo;s
cross referencing features. You can arrange that if you enter
<code>\begin{thm}\label{th:Nerode}...\end{thm}</code> then
@@ -4127,10 +4448,10 @@
having to enter the &textldquo;Theorem.&textrdquo;
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\label</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Assign a symbolic name to a piece of text.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pageref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a page number.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a section, figure or similar.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">xr package</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">References from another document.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\label</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Assign a symbolic name to a piece of text.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\pageref</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a page number.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ref</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a section, figure or similar.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>xr package</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">References from another document.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -4137,7 +4458,7 @@
<node name="_005clabel" spaces=" "><nodename>\label</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pageref</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\label</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="255" mergedindex="cp">\label</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266" mergedindex="cp">\label</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4209,9 +4530,9 @@
<node name="_005cpageref" spaces=" "><nodename>\pageref</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ref</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\label</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pageref</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="256" mergedindex="cp">\pageref</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267" mergedindex="cp">\pageref</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4244,12 +4565,12 @@
<node name="_005cref" spaces=" "><nodename>\ref</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">xr package</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pageref</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ref</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="257" mergedindex="cp">\ref</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268" mergedindex="cp">\ref</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4279,8 +4600,8 @@
\end{enumerate}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>cleveref</code> package includes text such as <samp>Theorem</samp> in the
reference. See the documentation on CTAN.
@@ -4290,14 +4611,14 @@
<node name="xr-package" spaces=" "><nodename>xr package</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\ref</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>xr</code> package</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259"><r>package</r>, <code>xr</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260"><code>xr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299"><r>package</r>, <code>xr</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300"><code>xr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261"><r>package</r>, <code>xr-hyper</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262"><code>xr-hyper</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301"><r>package</r>, <code>xr-hyper</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302"><code>xr-hyper</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="258" mergedindex="cp">\externaldocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263">cross referencing, across documents</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="269" mergedindex="cp">\externaldocument</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303">cross referencing, across documents</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4375,9 +4696,9 @@
<node name="Environments" spaces=" "><nodename>Environments</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Line breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Cross references</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">environments</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="259" mergedindex="cp">\begin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="260" mergedindex="cp">\end</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304">environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="270" mergedindex="cp">\begin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="271" mergedindex="cp">\end</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex; provides many environments for delimiting certain behavior.
An environment begins with <code>\begin</code> and ends with <code>\end</code>,
@@ -4395,38 +4716,38 @@
<samp>! LaTeX Error: \begin{table*} on input line 5 ended by
\end{table}.</samp>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Environments are executed within a group.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">abstract</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Produce an abstract.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">array</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math arrays.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">center</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Centered lines.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">description</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Labelled lists.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">displaymath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Formulas that appear on their own line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enclose the whole document.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">enumerate</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numbered lists.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">eqnarray</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sequences of aligned equations.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">equation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Displayed equation.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">figure</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating figures.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">filecontents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Writing multiple files from the source.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">flushleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed left lines.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">flushright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed right lines.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">itemize</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bulleted lists.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">letter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Letters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">list</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generic list environment.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">math</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">In-line math.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">minipage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Miniature page.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">picture</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Picture with text, arrows, lines and circles.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">quotation & quote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include a quotation.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">tabbing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text arbitrarily.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">table</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating tables.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">tabular</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text in columns.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">thebibliography</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bibliography or reference list.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">theorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Theorems, lemmas, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">titlepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For hand crafted title pages.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">verbatim</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Simulating typed input.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">verse</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For poetry and other things.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>abstract</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Produce an abstract.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>array</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math arrays.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>center</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Centered lines.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>description</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Labelled lists.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>displaymath</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Formulas that appear on their own line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>document</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enclose the whole document.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>enumerate</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numbered lists.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>eqnarray</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sequences of aligned equations.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>equation</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Displayed equation.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>figure</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating figures.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>filecontents</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Writing multiple files from the source.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>flushleft</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed left lines.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>flushright</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed right lines.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>itemize</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bulleted lists.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>letter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Letters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>list</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generic list environment.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>math</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">In-line math.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>minipage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Miniature page.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>picture</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Picture with text, arrows, lines and circles.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>quotation & quote</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include a quotation.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>tabbing</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text arbitrarily.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>table</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating tables.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>tabular</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text in columns.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>thebibliography</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bibliography or reference list.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>theorem</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Theorems, lemmas, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>titlepage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For hand crafted title pages.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>verbatim</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Simulating typed input.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>verse</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For poetry and other things.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -4433,10 +4754,10 @@
<node name="abstract" spaces=" "><nodename>abstract</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">array</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>abstract</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="261" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="262" mergedindex="cp"><code>abstract</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="272" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="273" mergedindex="cp"><code>abstract</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">abstracts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306">abstracts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4463,8 +4784,8 @@
\end{abstract}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267"><r>package</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268"><code>abstract</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307"><r>package</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308"><code>abstract</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The next example produces a one column abstract in a two column document (for
a more flexible solution, use the package <code>abstract</code>).
@@ -4496,10 +4817,10 @@
<node name="array" spaces=" "><nodename>array</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">center</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">abstract</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>array</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="263" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="264" mergedindex="cp"><code>array</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="275" mergedindex="cp"><code>array</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4556,13 +4877,13 @@
text mode. The second is that, instead of <code>tabular</code>&textrsquo;s parameter
<code>\tabcolsep</code>, &latex;&textrsquo;s intercolumn space in an <code>array</code> is
governed by
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="265" mergedindex="cp">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276" mergedindex="cp">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex>
<code>\arraycolsep</code>, which gives half the width between columns. The
default for this is <samp>5pt</samp> so that between two columns comes
10<dmn>pt</dmn> of space.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To obtain arrays with braces the standard is to use the <code>amsmath</code>
package. It comes with environments <code>pmatrix</code> for an array
@@ -4573,8 +4894,8 @@
<code>Vmatrix</code> for an array surrounded by double vertical
bars <code>||...||</code>, along with a number of other array constructs.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The next example uses the <code>amsmath</code> package.
</para>
@@ -4589,11 +4910,11 @@
\end{equation}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274"><r>package</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275"><code>array</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314"><r>package</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315"><code>array</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages concerning arrays. The <code>array</code> package has
many useful extensions, including more column types. The <code>dcolumn</code>
@@ -4605,10 +4926,10 @@
<node name="center" spaces=" "><nodename>center</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">description</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">array</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>center</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>center</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267" mergedindex="cp"><code>center</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>center</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278" mergedindex="cp"><code>center</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4623,7 +4944,7 @@
<para>Create a new paragraph consisting of a sequence of lines that are
centered within the left and right margins. Use
double-backslash, <code>\\</code>, to get a line break (<pxref label="_005c_005c"><xrefnodename>\\</xrefnodename></pxref>).
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>center</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>center</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
If some text is too long to fit on a line then &latex; will insert line
breaks that avoid hyphenation and avoid stretching or shrinking any
interword space.
@@ -4664,7 +4985,7 @@
entire page.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\centering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>center</code> environment.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\centering</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>center</code> environment.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -4671,8 +4992,8 @@
<node name="_005ccentering" spaces=" "><nodename>\centering</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">center</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\centering</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="269" mergedindex="cp">\centering</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280" mergedindex="cp">\centering</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4728,11 +5049,11 @@
<node name="description" spaces=" "><nodename>description</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">displaymath</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">center</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>description</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="270" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>description</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="271" mergedindex="cp"><code>description</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>description</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282" mergedindex="cp"><code>description</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4763,14 +5084,14 @@
<para>The labels <samp>lama</samp> and <samp>llama</samp> are output in boldface, with the
left edge on the left margin.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="272" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
<para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). Use the
optional labels, as in <code>\item[Main point]</code>, because there is
no sensible default. Following the <code>\item</code> is optional text, which
may contain multiple paragraphs.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Since the labels are in bold style, if the label text calls for a font
change given in argument style (see <ref label="Font-styles"><xrefnodename>Font styles</xrefnodename></ref>) then it will come
out bold. For instance, if the label text calls for typewriter with
@@ -4803,8 +5124,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>displaymath</code></sectiontitle>
<!-- c http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/40492/what-are-the-differences-between-align-equation-and-displaymath -->
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="273" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4825,14 +5146,14 @@
</para>
<para>&latex; will not break the <var>math text</var> across lines.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that the <code>amsmath</code> package has significantly more extensive
displayed equation facilities. For example, there are a number of
ways in that package for having math text broken across lines.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="275" mergedindex="cp">\[...\] <r>display math</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286" mergedindex="cp">\[...\] <r>display math</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The construct <code>\[ <var>math</var> \]</code> is a synonym for the environment
<code>\begin{displaymath} <var>math</var> \end{displaymath}</code> but the
latter is easier to work with in the source; for instance,
@@ -4839,7 +5160,7 @@
searching for a square bracket may get false positives but the word
<code>displaymath</code> will likely be unique.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276" mergedindex="cp">$$...$$ <r>plain &tex; display math</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287" mergedindex="cp">$$...$$ <r>plain &tex; display math</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The construct <code>$$<var>math</var>$$</code> from Plain &tex; is
sometimes used as a synonym for &latex;&textrsquo;s <code>displaymath</code>. It is
not a synonym, and is not officially supported in &latex; at all;
@@ -4864,8 +5185,8 @@
<node name="document" spaces=" "><nodename>document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">enumerate</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">displaymath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>document</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>document</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278" mergedindex="cp"><code>document</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>document</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="289" mergedindex="cp"><code>document</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>document</code> environment encloses the entire body of a document.
@@ -4872,8 +5193,8 @@
It is required in every &latex; document. <xref label="Starting-and-ending"><xrefnodename>Starting and ending</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\AtBeginDocument</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Hook for commands at the start of the document.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\AtEndDocument</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Hook for commands at the end of the document.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\AtBeginDocument</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Hook for commands at the start of the document.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\AtEndDocument</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Hook for commands at the end of the document.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -4880,8 +5201,8 @@
<node name="_005cAtBeginDocument" spaces=" "><nodename>\AtBeginDocument</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\AtEndDocument</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">document</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtBeginDocument</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDocument</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4903,8 +5224,8 @@
<node name="_005cAtEndDocument" spaces=" "><nodename>\AtEndDocument</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\AtBeginDocument</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">document</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtEndDocument</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDocument</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4928,10 +5249,10 @@
<node name="enumerate" spaces=" "><nodename>enumerate</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">eqnarray</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>enumerate</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>enumerate</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282" mergedindex="cp"><code>enumerate</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>enumerate</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293" mergedindex="cp"><code>enumerate</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4961,7 +5282,7 @@
\end{enumerate}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
<para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you
give <code>\item</code> an optional argument by following it with square
brackets, as in <code>\item[Interstitial label]</code>, then the next item
@@ -4983,10 +5304,10 @@
</para></listitem><listitem> <para>uppercase letter followed by a period: <samp>A.</samp>, <samp>B.</samp>, &dots;
</para></listitem></enumerate>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284" mergedindex="cp">\enumi</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285" mergedindex="cp">\enumii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286" mergedindex="cp">\enumiii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287" mergedindex="cp">\enumiv</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295" mergedindex="cp">\enumi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296" mergedindex="cp">\enumii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="297" mergedindex="cp">\enumiii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="298" mergedindex="cp">\enumiv</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="enumerate-enumi">enumerate enumi</anchor>
<anchor name="enumerate-enumii">enumerate enumii</anchor>
<anchor name="enumerate-enumiii">enumerate enumiii</anchor>
@@ -5000,10 +5321,10 @@
customizing list layout, see <ref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></ref>. The package <code>enumitem</code> is
useful for customizing lists.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="289" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="301" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="enumerate-labelenumi">enumerate labelenumi</anchor>
<anchor name="enumerate-labelenumii">enumerate labelenumii</anchor>
<anchor name="enumerate-labelenumiii">enumerate labelenumiii</anchor>
@@ -5014,7 +5335,7 @@
labelled with uppercase letters, in boldface, and without a trailing
period.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292" mergedindex="cp">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303" mergedindex="cp">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\textbf{\Alph{enumi}}}
\begin{enumerate}
@@ -5031,15 +5352,15 @@
<node name="eqnarray" spaces=" "><nodename>eqnarray</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">equation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">enumerate</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>eqnarray</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>eqnarray</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294" mergedindex="cp"><code>eqnarray</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="304" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>eqnarray</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305" mergedindex="cp"><code>eqnarray</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>eqnarray</code> environment is obsolete. It has infelicities,
including spacing that is inconsistent with other mathematics elements.
(See &textldquo;Avoid eqnarray!&textrdquo;&noeos; by Lars Madsen
@@ -5068,7 +5389,7 @@
\end{eqnarray*}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Display a sequence of equations or inequalities. The left and right
sides are typeset in display mode, while the middle is typeset in text
mode.
@@ -5076,18 +5397,18 @@
<para>It is similar to a three-column <code>array</code> environment, with items
within a row separated by an ampersand (<code>&</code>), and with rows
separated by double backslash <code>\\</code>).
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296" mergedindex="cp">\\* <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307" mergedindex="cp">\\* <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
The starred form of line break (<code>\\*</code>) can also be used to separate
equations, and will disallow a page break there (<pxref label="_005c_005c"><xrefnodename>\\</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="297" mergedindex="cp">\nonumber</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="308" mergedindex="cp">\nonumber</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The unstarred form <code>eqnarray</code> places an equation number on every
line (using the <code>equation</code> counter), unless that line contains a
<code>\nonumber</code> command. The starred form <code>eqnarray*</code> omits
equation numbering, while otherwise being the same.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="298" mergedindex="cp">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="309" mergedindex="cp">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex>
<para>The command <code>\lefteqn</code> is used for splitting long formulas across
lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of
zero width.
@@ -5108,11 +5429,11 @@
<node name="equation" spaces=" "><nodename>equation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">figure</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">eqnarray</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>equation</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="310" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="311" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5130,8 +5451,8 @@
<code>\end{equation}</code>, or &latex; will tell you that there is a
missing dollar sign.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>amsmath</code> package has extensive displayed equation
facilities. New documents should include this package.
@@ -5141,11 +5462,11 @@
<node name="figure" spaces=" "><nodename>figure</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">filecontents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">equation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>figure</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="301" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>figure</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302" mergedindex="cp"><code>figure</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="312" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>figure</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="313" mergedindex="cp"><code>figure</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5189,7 +5510,7 @@
placing at a page bottom see the discussion of <var>placement</var> <code>b</code>
in <ref label="Floats"><xrefnodename>Floats</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="314" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
<para>The label is optional; it is used for cross references (<pxref label="Cross-references"><xrefnodename>Cross
references</xrefnodename></pxref>). The optional <code>\caption</code> command specifies caption
text for the figure (<pxref label="_005ccaption"><xrefnodename>\caption</xrefnodename></pxref>). By default it is numbered.
@@ -5215,14 +5536,14 @@
<node name="filecontents" spaces=" "><nodename>filecontents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushleft</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">figure</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>filecontents</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="304" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents*</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents*</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents*</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents*</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302">writing external files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342">writing external files</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5255,16 +5576,16 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">force</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">overwrite</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303"><code>force</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304"><code>overwrite</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><code>force</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><code>overwrite</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Overwrite an existing file.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">noheader</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305"><code>noheader</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345"><code>noheader</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Omit the header. Equivalent to using <code>filecontents*</code>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">nosearch</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306"><code>nosearch</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346"><code>nosearch</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Only check the current directory (and the output directory, if
specified) for an existing file, not the entire search path.
</para>
@@ -5272,8 +5593,8 @@
<para>These options were added in a 2019 release of &latex;.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307">self-contained sources</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308">source files, making self-contained</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347">self-contained sources</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348">source files, making self-contained</indexterm></cindex>
<para>This environment can be used anywhere in the preamble, although it
often appears before the <code>\documentclass</code> command. It is
commonly used to create a <code>.bib</code> or other such data file from the
@@ -5310,11 +5631,11 @@
<node name="flushleft" spaces=" "><nodename>flushleft</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushright</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">filecontents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushleft</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="308" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushleft</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="309" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushleft</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="319" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushleft</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="320" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushleft</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5326,7 +5647,7 @@
\end{flushleft}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="310" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>flushleft</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="321" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>flushleft</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>An environment that creates a paragraph whose lines are flush to the
left-hand margin, and ragged right. If you have lines that are too long
then &latex; will linebreak them in a way that avoids hyphenation and
@@ -5349,7 +5670,7 @@
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushleft</code> environment.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\raggedright</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushleft</code> environment.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -5356,10 +5677,10 @@
<node name="_005craggedright" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedright</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushleft</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedright</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="311" mergedindex="cp">\raggedright</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="322" mergedindex="cp">\raggedright</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -5406,11 +5727,11 @@
<node name="flushright" spaces=" "><nodename>flushright</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">itemize</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushleft</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushright</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="312" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushright</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="313" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushright</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="323" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushright</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="324" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushright</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{flushright}
@@ -5420,7 +5741,7 @@
\end{flushright}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="314" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>flushright</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="325" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>flushright</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>An environment that creates a paragraph whose lines are flush to the
right-hand margin and ragged left. If you have lines that are too long
to fit the margins then &latex; will linebreak them in a way that
@@ -5433,7 +5754,7 @@
<code>flushright</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushright</code> environment.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\raggedleft</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushright</code> environment.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -5440,10 +5761,10 @@
<node name="_005craggedleft" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedleft</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushright</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedleft</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315" mergedindex="cp">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="326" mergedindex="cp">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -5467,13 +5788,12 @@
</para>
<para>Unlike the <code>flushright</code> environment, the <code>\raggedleft</code>
command does not start a new paragraph; it only changes how &latex;
-formats paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit&textrsquo;s format, the
+formats paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit&textrsquo;s formatting, the
scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or <code>\end</code>
command that ends the paragraph unit.
</para>
-<para>For an example related to this environment, see <ref label="_005craggedright"><xrefnodename>\raggedright</xrefnodename></ref>,
-where one just have mutatis mutandis to replace <code>\raggedright</code> by
-<code>\raggedleft</code>.
+<para><xref label="_005craggedright"><xrefnodename>\raggedright</xrefnodename></xref>, for an example related to this environment;
+just replace <code>\raggedright</code> there by <code>\raggedleft</code>.
</para>
</subsection>
@@ -5481,14 +5801,14 @@
<node name="itemize" spaces=" "><nodename>itemize</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">letter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushright</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>itemize</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>itemize</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317" mergedindex="cp"><code>itemize</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="327" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>itemize</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="328" mergedindex="cp"><code>itemize</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">lists of items</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359">lists of items</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5519,7 +5839,7 @@
would come out as a bullet, •. The format of the labeling
depends on the nesting level; see below.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="319" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
<para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you
give <code>\item</code> an optional argument by following it with square
brackets, as in <code>\item[<var>Optional label</var>]</code>, then by default
@@ -5532,10 +5852,10 @@
They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such
as <code>enumerate</code> (<pxref label="enumerate"><xrefnodename>enumerate</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="320" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="321" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="322" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="323" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="331" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="332" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="333" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="334" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="itemize-labelitemi">itemize labelitemi</anchor>
<anchor name="itemize-labelitemii">itemize labelitemii</anchor>
<anchor name="itemize-labelitemiii">itemize labelitemiii</anchor>
@@ -5560,13 +5880,13 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="324" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="325" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="326" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="327" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="328" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="335" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="336" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="337" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="338" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="339" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="340" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="341" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="itemize-leftmargin">itemize leftmargin</anchor>
<anchor name="itemize-leftmargini">itemize leftmargini</anchor>
<anchor name="itemize-leftmarginii">itemize leftmarginii</anchor>
@@ -5583,8 +5903,8 @@
level 2, <code>1.87em</code> in level 3, and <code>1.7em</code> in level 4, with
smaller values for more deeply nested levels.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For other major &latex; labeled list environments, see
<ref label="description"><xrefnodename>description</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref label="enumerate"><xrefnodename>enumerate</xrefnodename></ref>. The <code>itemize</code>,
@@ -5600,7 +5920,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\leftmargini}{1.25em} % default 2.5em
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="331" mergedindex="cp">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="342" mergedindex="cp">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide
space between items. Here is an example defining an <code>itemize*</code>
environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs
@@ -5611,8 +5931,9 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newenvironment{itemize*}%
{\begin{itemize}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
- \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
- \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
+ \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
+ }%
{\end{itemize}}
</pre></example>
@@ -5621,8 +5942,8 @@
<node name="letter" spaces=" "><nodename>letter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">list</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">itemize</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="332" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>letter</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="333" mergedindex="cp"><code>letter</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="343" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>letter</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="344" mergedindex="cp"><code>letter</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>This environment is used for creating letters. <xref label="Letters"><xrefnodename>Letters</xrefnodename></xref>.
@@ -5632,10 +5953,10 @@
<node name="list" spaces=" "><nodename>list</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">math</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">letter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>list</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="334" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>list</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="335" mergedindex="cp"><code>list</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="345" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>list</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="346" mergedindex="cp"><code>list</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5698,7 +6019,7 @@
and the counter is incremented by one each time &latex; encounters an
<code>\item</code> that does not have an optional argument.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="336" mergedindex="cp">\makelabel</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="347" mergedindex="cp">\makelabel</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="list-makelabel">list makelabel</anchor> <para>Another command that can go in <var>spacing</var> is
<code>\makelabel</code>, which constructs the label box. By default it puts
the contents flush right. Its only argument is the label, which it
@@ -5724,12 +6045,12 @@
For some effects these lengths should be zero or negative.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="337" mergedindex="cp">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="348" mergedindex="cp">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itemindent">list itemindent</anchor>
<para>Extra horizontal space indentation, beyond <code>leftmargin</code>, of the
first line each item. Its default value is <code>0pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="338" mergedindex="cp">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="349" mergedindex="cp">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itemsep">list itemsep</anchor>
<para>Vertical space between items, beyond the <code>\parsep</code>. The defaults
for the first three levels in &latex;&textrsquo;s <samp>article</samp>, <samp>book</samp>,
@@ -5742,13 +6063,13 @@
minus1pt</code>, <code>\parsep</code> (that is, <code>2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>), and
<code>\topsep</code> (that is, <code>2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="339" mergedindex="cp">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="350" mergedindex="cp">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-labelsep">list labelsep</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space between the label and text of an item.
The default for &latex;&textrsquo;s <samp>article</samp>, <samp>book</samp>,
and <samp>report</samp> classes is <code>0.5em</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="340" mergedindex="cp">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="351" mergedindex="cp">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-labelwidth">list labelwidth</anchor>
<para>Horizontal width. The box containing the label is nominally this wide.
If <code>\makelabel</code> returns text that is wider than this then the first
@@ -5770,7 +6091,7 @@
label&textrsquo;s left edge coincide with the left margin of the enclosing
environment.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="341" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm>\leftmargin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="352" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm>\leftmargin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-leftmargin">list leftmargin</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space between the left margin of the enclosing environment
(or the left margin of the page if this is a top-level list), and the
@@ -5788,7 +6109,7 @@
<code>2.5em</code> (in two column mode, <code>2em</code>), <code>\leftmarginii</code> is
<code>2.2em</code>, and <code>\leftmarginiii</code> is <code>1.87em</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="342" mergedindex="cp">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="353" mergedindex="cp">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-listparindent">list listparindent</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space of additional line indentation, beyond
<code>\leftmargin</code>, for second and subsequent paragraphs within a list
@@ -5795,7 +6116,7 @@
item. A negative value makes this an &textldquo;outdent&textrdquo;. Its default value
is <code>0pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="343" mergedindex="cp">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="354" mergedindex="cp">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-parsep">list parsep</anchor> <para>Vertical space between paragraphs within an item.
The defaults for the first three levels in &latex;&textrsquo;s <samp>article</samp>,
<samp>book</samp>, and <samp>report</samp> classes at 10 point size are: <code>4pt
@@ -5805,7 +6126,7 @@
size are: <code>5pt plus2.5pt minus1pt</code>, <code>2.5pt plus1pt
minus1pt</code>, and <code>0pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="344" mergedindex="cp">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="355" mergedindex="cp">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-partopsep">list partopsep</anchor>
<para>Vertical space added, beyond <code>\topsep</code>+<code>\parskip</code>, to the top
and bottom of the entire environment if the list instance is preceded by
@@ -5821,13 +6142,13 @@
defaults at 12 point are: <code>3pt plus2pt minus3pt</code>, <code>3pt plus2pt
minus2pt</code>, and <code>1pt plus0pt minus1pt</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="345" mergedindex="cp">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="356" mergedindex="cp">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-rightmargin">list rightmargin</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space between the right margin of the list and the right
margin of the enclosing environment. Its default value is <code>0pt</code>.
It must be non-negative.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="346" mergedindex="cp">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="357" mergedindex="cp">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-topsep">list topsep</anchor>
<para>Vertical space added to both the top and bottom of the list, in addition
to <code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent & \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>). The defaults for
@@ -5906,22 +6227,22 @@
page break.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="347" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;beginparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;beginparpenalty</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="358" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;beginparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;beginparpenalty</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-beginparpenalty">list beginparpenalty</anchor>
<para>The page breaking penalty for breaking before the list (default <code>-51</code>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="348" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;itempenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;itempenalty</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="359" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;itempenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;itempenalty</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itempenalty">list itempenalty</anchor>
<para>The page breaking penalty for breaking before a list item (default <code>-51</code>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="349" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;endparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;endparpenalty</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="360" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;endparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;endparpenalty</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-endparpenalty">list endparpenalty</anchor>
<para>The page breaking penalty for breaking after a list (default <code>-51</code>).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>enumitem</code> is useful for customizing lists.
</para>
@@ -5948,8 +6269,8 @@
</pre></example>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\item</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">An entry in a list.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">trivlist</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A restricted form of <code>list</code>.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\item</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">An entry in a list.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>trivlist</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A restricted form of <code>list</code>.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -6053,10 +6374,10 @@
<node name="math" spaces=" "><nodename>math</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">minipage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">list</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>math</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="350" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="351" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="361" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="362" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">inline formulas</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368">inline formulas</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6066,8 +6387,8 @@
\end{math}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="352" mergedindex="cp">$ <r>inline math</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="353" mergedindex="cp">\(...\) <r>inline math</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="363" mergedindex="cp">$ <r>inline math</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="364" mergedindex="cp">\(...\) <r>inline math</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>math</code> environment inserts given <var>math</var> material within
the running text. <code>\(...\)</code> and <code>$...$</code> are synonyms.
<xref label="Math-formulas"><xrefnodename>Math formulas</xrefnodename></xref>.
@@ -6077,10 +6398,10 @@
<node name="minipage" spaces=" "><nodename>minipage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">picture</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">math</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>minipage</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="354" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>minipage</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="355" mergedindex="cp"><code>minipage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="365" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>minipage</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="366" mergedindex="cp"><code>minipage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -6143,12 +6464,12 @@
vertical center lines up with the center of the adjacent text line.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="356" mergedindex="cp">\vtop <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="367" mergedindex="cp">\vtop <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Align the baseline of the top line in the <code>minipage</code> with the
baseline of the surrounding text (plain &tex;&textrsquo;s <code>\vtop</code>).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="357" mergedindex="cp">\vbox <r>(plain &tex;)</r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="368" mergedindex="cp">\vbox <r>(plain &tex;)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Align the baseline of the bottom line in the <code>minipage</code> with the
baseline of the surrounding text (plain &tex;&textrsquo;s <code>\vbox</code>).
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
@@ -6207,15 +6528,15 @@
Text after
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="358" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="369" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
<para>By default paragraphs are not indented in a <code>minipage</code>. Change
that with a command such as <code>\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}</code> at
the start of <var>contents</var>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Footnotes in a <code>minipage</code> environment are handled in a way that is
particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A
<code>\footnote</code> or <code>\footnotetext</code> command puts the footnote at
@@ -6248,8 +6569,8 @@
<para>This puts a table containing data side by side with a map graphic. They
are vertically centered.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">% siunitx to have the S column specifier,
@@ -6282,11 +6603,11 @@
<node name="picture" spaces=" "><nodename>picture</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quotation & quote</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">minipage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>picture</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="359" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>picture</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="360" mergedindex="cp"><code>picture</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="370" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>picture</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="371" mergedindex="cp"><code>picture</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para><example endspaces=" ">
@@ -6315,7 +6636,7 @@
</para>
<para>To start, here&textrsquo;s an example showing the parallelogram law for adding vectors.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="361" mergedindex="cp">\unitlength</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="372" mergedindex="cp">\unitlength</indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,6) % picture box will be 6cm wide by 6cm tall
@@ -6359,7 +6680,7 @@
picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate
optional argument.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Each <var>picture command</var> tells &latex; where to put something by
providing its position. A <dfn>position</dfn> is a pair such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code>
giving the x- and y-coordinates. A <dfn>coordinate</dfn> is a not a length,
@@ -6395,7 +6716,7 @@
<para>places the object with its reference point at coordinates
<math>(11.3,-0.3)</math>. The reference points for various objects will be
described below.
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="362" mergedindex="cp">LR box</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="373" mergedindex="cp">LR box</indexterm></findex>
The <code>\put</code> command creates an <dfn>LR box</dfn> (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
Anything that can go in an <code>\mbox</code> (<pxref label="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\mbox & \makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>) can
go in the text argument of the <code>\put</code> command. The reference point
@@ -6440,22 +6761,22 @@
page header to get repeat material on each of a document&textrsquo;s pages.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\put</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Place an object at a specified place.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\multiput</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw multiple instances of an object.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\qbezier</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a quadratic B<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">e</accent>zier curve.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\graphpaper</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw graph paper.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\line</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a straight line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\linethickness</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set thickness of horizontal and vertical lines.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thinlines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The default line thickness.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thicklines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A heavier line thickness.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\circle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a circle.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\oval</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw an oval.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\shortstack</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a stack of objects.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vector</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a line with an arrow.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box of the specified size.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\framebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box with a frame around it.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frame</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a frame around an object.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\dashbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a dashed box.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\put</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Place an object at a specified place.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\multiput</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw multiple instances of an object.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\qbezier</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a quadratic B<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">e</accent>zier curve.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\graphpaper</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw graph paper.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\line</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a straight line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\linethickness</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set thickness of horizontal and vertical lines.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\thinlines</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The default line thickness.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\thicklines</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A heavier line thickness.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\circle</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a circle.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\oval</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw an oval.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\shortstack</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a stack of objects.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\vector</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a line with an arrow.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\makebox (picture)</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box of the specified size.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\framebox (picture)</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box with a frame around it.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\frame</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a frame around an object.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\dashbox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a dashed box.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -6462,7 +6783,7 @@
<node name="_005cput" spaces=" "><nodename>\put</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\multiput</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\put</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="363" mergedindex="cp">\put</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="374" mergedindex="cp">\put</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6489,7 +6810,7 @@
<node name="_005cmultiput" spaces=" "><nodename>\multiput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\qbezier</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\put</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multiput</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="364" mergedindex="cp">\multiput</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="375" mergedindex="cp">\multiput</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6520,7 +6841,7 @@
<node name="_005cqbezier" spaces=" "><nodename>\qbezier</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\graphpaper</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multiput</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\qbezier</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="365" mergedindex="cp">\qbezier</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="376" mergedindex="cp">\qbezier</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6572,7 +6893,7 @@
<node name="_005cgraphpaper" spaces=" "><nodename>\graphpaper</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\qbezier</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\graphpaper</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="366" mergedindex="cp">\graphpaper</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="377" mergedindex="cp">\graphpaper</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -6580,8 +6901,8 @@
\graphpaper[<var>spacing</var>](<var>x_init</var>,<var>y_init</var>)(<var>x_dimen</var>,<var>y_dimen</var>)
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339"><r>package</r>, <code>graphpap</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340"><code>graphpap</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379"><r>package</r>, <code>graphpap</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380"><code>graphpap</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Draw a coordinate grid. Requires the <code>graphpap</code> package.
The grid&textrsquo;s origin is <code>(<var>x_init</var>,<var>y_init</var>)</code>.
@@ -6607,7 +6928,7 @@
<node name="_005cline" spaces=" "><nodename>\line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linethickness</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\graphpaper</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\line</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="367" mergedindex="cp">\line</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="378" mergedindex="cp">\line</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6647,21 +6968,21 @@
<para>If <var>travel</var> is negative then you get <code>LaTeX Error: Bad \line or
\vector argument.</code>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Standard &latex; can only draw lines with a limited range of slopes
because these lines are made by putting together line segments from
@@ -6681,7 +7002,7 @@
<node name="_005clinethickness" spaces=" "><nodename>\linethickness</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinlines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\linethickness</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="368" mergedindex="cp">\linethickness</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="379" mergedindex="cp">\linethickness</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6700,7 +7021,7 @@
<node name="_005cthinlines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thinlines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thicklines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\linethickness</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thinlines</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="369" mergedindex="cp">\thinlines</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="380" mergedindex="cp">\thinlines</indexterm></findex>
<para>Declaration to set the thickness of subsequent lines, circles, and ovals
in a picture environment to be 0.4<dmn>pt</dmn>. This is the default
@@ -6712,7 +7033,7 @@
<node name="_005cthicklines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thicklines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\circle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinlines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thicklines</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="370" mergedindex="cp">\thicklines</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="381" mergedindex="cp">\thicklines</indexterm></findex>
<para>Declaration to set the thickness of subsequent lines, circles, and ovals
in a picture environment to be 0.8<dmn>pt</dmn>. See also
@@ -6724,7 +7045,7 @@
<node name="_005ccircle" spaces=" "><nodename>\circle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\oval</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thicklines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\circle</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="371" mergedindex="cp">\circle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="382" mergedindex="cp">\circle</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6751,7 +7072,7 @@
<node name="_005coval" spaces=" "><nodename>\oval</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\shortstack</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\circle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\oval</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="372" mergedindex="cp">\oval</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="383" mergedindex="cp">\oval</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6799,7 +7120,7 @@
<node name="_005cshortstack" spaces=" "><nodename>\shortstack</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vector</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\oval</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\shortstack</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="373" mergedindex="cp">\shortstack</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="384" mergedindex="cp">\shortstack</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6838,7 +7159,7 @@
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Center objects (default)
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="374" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="385" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Separate objects into lines with <code>\\</code>. These stacks are short in
that, unlike in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment, here the
rows are not spaced out to be of even baseline skips. Thus, in
@@ -6859,7 +7180,7 @@
<node name="_005cvector" spaces=" "><nodename>\vector</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\shortstack</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vector</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="375" mergedindex="cp">\vector</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="386" mergedindex="cp">\vector</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6888,7 +7209,7 @@
<node name="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\makebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vector</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code> (picture)</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="376" mergedindex="cp">\makebox <r>(for <code>picture</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="387" mergedindex="cp">\makebox <r>(for <code>picture</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6937,7 +7258,7 @@
<node name="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\framebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frame</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\framebox</code> (picture)</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="377" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="388" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6969,8 +7290,8 @@
<var>text</var>; see <ref label="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\makebox (picture)</xrefnodename></ref> for the values that it can
take.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="378" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="379" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="389" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="390" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex>
<para>The rule has thickness <code>\fboxrule</code> and there is a blank space
<code>\fboxsep</code> between the frame and the contents of the box.
</para>
@@ -6984,7 +7305,7 @@
<node name="_005cframe" spaces=" "><nodename>\frame</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dashbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frame</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="380" mergedindex="cp">\frame</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="391" mergedindex="cp">\frame</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7003,7 +7324,7 @@
<node name="_005cdashbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\dashbox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frame</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\dashbox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="381" mergedindex="cp">\dashbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="392" mergedindex="cp">\dashbox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7045,19 +7366,19 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>quotation</code> & <code>quote</code></sectiontitle>
<anchor name="quotation">quotation</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="382" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quotation</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="383" mergedindex="cp"><code>quotation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="393" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quotation</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="394" mergedindex="cp"><code>quotation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="quote">quote</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="384" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quote</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="385" mergedindex="cp"><code>quote</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="395" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quote</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="396" mergedindex="cp"><code>quote</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7100,12 +7421,12 @@
<!-- c xx TODO align on the French which is more precise and has more illustrative examples. -->
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="386" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabbing</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="387" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabbing</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="397" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabbing</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="398" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabbing</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7153,7 +7474,7 @@
the end of line, so that the width of the environment is
<code>\linewidth</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>tabbing</code> environment contains a sequence of <dfn>tabbed
rows</dfn>. The first tabbed row begins immediately after
<code>\begin{tabbing}</code> and each row ends with <code>\\</code> or
@@ -7160,7 +7481,7 @@
<code>\kill</code>. The last row may omit the <code>\\</code> and end with just
<code>\end{tabbing}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362">pattern, current tab stops, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402">pattern, current tab stops, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>At any point the <code>tabbing</code> environment has a <dfn>current tab stop
pattern</dfn>, a sequence of <math><var>n</var> > 0</math> tab stops, numbered 0, 1,
etc. These create <var>n</var> corresponding columns. Tab stop 0 is
@@ -7178,37 +7499,37 @@
They are all fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="388" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="399" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>End a tabbed line and typeset it.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="389" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="400" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets a tab stop at the current position.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="390" mergedindex="cp">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="391" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="401" mergedindex="cp">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="402" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
<para>Advances to the next tab stop.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="392" mergedindex="cp">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="403" mergedindex="cp">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing
the margin). Can only be used at the start of the line.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="393" mergedindex="cp">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="404" mergedindex="cp">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the
following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if
necessary.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="394" mergedindex="cp">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="405" mergedindex="cp">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the
following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if
necessary.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="395" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="406" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column, i.e.,
everything from the most recent <code>\></code>, <code>\<</code>, <code>\'</code>,
<code>\\</code>, or <code>\kill</code> command, to the previous column and aligned
to the right, flush against the current column&textrsquo;s tab stop.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="396" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="407" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including tab
stop 0. However, it can&textrsquo;t move text to the right of the last
column because there&textrsquo;s no tab stop there. The <code>\`</code> command moves
@@ -7218,29 +7539,29 @@
<code>\'</code> command between the <code>\`</code> and the <code>\\</code> or
<code>\end{tabbing}</code> command that ends the line.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="397" mergedindex="cp">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="398" mergedindex="cp">\a' <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="399" mergedindex="cp">\a` <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="400" mergedindex="cp">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="408" mergedindex="cp">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="409" mergedindex="cp">\a' <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="410" mergedindex="cp">\a` <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="411" mergedindex="cp">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>In a <code>tabbing</code> environment, the commands <code>\=</code>, <code>\'</code> and
<code>\`</code> do not produce accents as usual (<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead,
use the commands <code>\a=</code>, <code>\a'</code> and <code>\a`</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="401" mergedindex="cp">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="412" mergedindex="cp">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like <code>\\</code> except
that it throws away the current line instead of producing output for it.
Any <code>\=</code>, <code>\+</code> or <code>\-</code> commands in that line remain in
effect.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="402" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="403" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="413" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="414" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm></findex>
<para>Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last <code>\pushtabs</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="404" mergedindex="cp">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="415" mergedindex="cp">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful for temporarily changing
tab stop positions in the middle of a <code>tabbing</code> environment.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="405" mergedindex="cp">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="416" mergedindex="cp">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance of the text moved by <code>\'</code> to left of current tab stop.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -7272,16 +7593,18 @@
end;
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
<noindent></noindent>
<para>This example is just for illustration of the environment. To actually
typeset computer code in typewriter like this, a verbatim environment
@@ -7294,11 +7617,11 @@
<node name="table" spaces=" "><nodename>table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabular</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabbing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>table</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="406" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>table</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="407" mergedindex="cp"><code>table</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="417" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>table</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="418" mergedindex="cp"><code>table</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">creating tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412">creating tables</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7341,7 +7664,7 @@
</para>
<para>The label is optional; it is used for cross references (<pxref label="Cross-references"><xrefnodename>Cross
references</xrefnodename></pxref>).
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="408" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="419" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex>
The <code>\caption</code> command is also optional. It specifies caption
text <var>title</var> for the table (<pxref label="_005ccaption"><xrefnodename>\caption</xrefnodename></pxref>). By default it is
numbered. If its optional <var>lottitle</var> is present then that text is
@@ -7369,11 +7692,11 @@
<node name="tabular" spaces=" "><nodename>tabular</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">thebibliography</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tabular</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="409" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabular</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="410" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabular</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="420" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabular</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="421" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabular</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7411,12 +7734,12 @@
<para>The output will have two left-aligned columns with a vertical bar
between them. This is specified in <code>tabular</code>&textrsquo;s argument
<code>{l|l}</code>.
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="411" mergedindex="cp">& <r>(for table cells)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="422" mergedindex="cp">& <r>(for table cells)</r></indexterm></findex>
Put the entries into different columns by separating them with an
ampersand, <code>&</code>. The end of each row is marked with a double
backslash, <code>\\</code>. Put a horizontal rule below a row, after a double
backslash, with <code>\hline</code>.
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="412" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>tabular</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="423" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>tabular</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
After the last row the <code>\\</code> is optional, unless an <code>\hline</code>
command follows to put a rule below the table.
</para>
@@ -7495,7 +7818,7 @@
</pre></example>
<anchor name="_005cextracolsep">\extracolsep</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="413" mergedindex="cp">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="424" mergedindex="cp">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex>
<para>An <code>\extracolsep{<var>wd</var>}</code> command in an &arobase;-expression causes an
extra space of width <var>wd</var> to appear to the left of all subsequent
columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code>. Unlike
@@ -7554,7 +7877,7 @@
<!-- c xx defaults, own node (xref from array)? -->
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="414" mergedindex="cp">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="425" mergedindex="cp">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-arrayrulewidth">tabular arrayrulewidth</anchor>
<para>A length that is the thickness of the rule created by <code>|</code>,
<code>\hline</code>, and <code>\vline</code> in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code>
@@ -7561,18 +7884,18 @@
environments. The default is <samp>.4pt</samp>. Change it as in
<code>\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.8pt}</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="415" mergedindex="cp">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="426" mergedindex="cp">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-arraystrech">tabular arraystrech</anchor>
<para>A factor by which the spacing between rows in the <code>tabular</code> and
<code>array</code> environments is multiplied. The default is <samp>1</samp>, for
no scaling. Change it as <code>\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="416" mergedindex="cp">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="427" mergedindex="cp">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-doublerulesep">tabular doublerulesep</anchor>
<para>A length that is the distance between the vertical rules produced by the
<code>||</code> specifier. The default is <samp>2pt</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="417" mergedindex="cp">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="428" mergedindex="cp">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-tabcolsep">tabular tabcolsep</anchor>
<para>A length that is half of the space between columns. The default is
<samp>6pt</samp>. Change it with <code>\setlength</code>.
@@ -7584,10 +7907,10 @@
lines:
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\multicolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make an item spanning several columns.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a vertical line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\multicolumn</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make an item spanning several columns.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\vline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a vertical line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\cline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -7594,7 +7917,7 @@
<node name="_005cmulticolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\multicolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multicolumn</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="418" mergedindex="cp">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="429" mergedindex="cp">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7694,7 +8017,7 @@
<node name="_005cvline" spaces=" "><nodename>\vline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multicolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="419" mergedindex="cp">\vline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="430" mergedindex="cp">\vline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Draw a vertical line in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment
extending the full height and depth of an entry&textrsquo;s row. Can also be
used in an &arobase;-expression, although its synonym vertical
@@ -7727,7 +8050,7 @@
<node name="_005ccline" spaces=" "><nodename>\cline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="420" mergedindex="cp">\cline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="431" mergedindex="cp">\cline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7757,7 +8080,7 @@
<node name="_005chline" spaces=" "><nodename>\hline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\cline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="421" mergedindex="cp">\hline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="432" mergedindex="cp">\hline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Draw a horizontal line the width of the enclosing <code>tabular</code> or
<code>array</code> environment. It&textrsquo;s most commonly used to draw a line at the
@@ -7782,10 +8105,10 @@
<node name="thebibliography" spaces=" "><nodename>thebibliography</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">theorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabular</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>thebibliography</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="422" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>thebibliography</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="423" mergedindex="cp"><code>thebibliography</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="433" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>thebibliography</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="434" mergedindex="cp"><code>thebibliography</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7830,8 +8153,8 @@
commands. The tradition is to use <code>9</code> for bibliographies with less
than 10 references, <code>99</code> for ones with less than 100, etc.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="424" mergedindex="cp">\bibname</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="425" mergedindex="cp">\refname</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="435" mergedindex="cp">\bibname</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="436" mergedindex="cp">\refname</indexterm></findex>
<para>The bibliographic list is headed by a title such as <samp>Bibliography</samp>.
To change it there are two cases. In the <file>book</file> and <file>report</file>
classes, where the top level sectioning is <code>\chapter</code> and the
@@ -7842,8 +8165,8 @@
as with <code>\renewcommand{\refname}{Cited references}</code>, after
<code>\begin{document}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="416"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="417"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Language support packages such as <code>babel</code> will automatically
redefine <code>\refname</code> or <code>\bibname</code> to fit the selected
@@ -7852,10 +8175,10 @@
<para><xref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></xref>, for the list layout control parameters.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bibitem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify a bibliography item.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a bibliography item.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\nocite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include an item in the bibliography.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Using BibTeX</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic generation of bibliographies.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\bibitem</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify a bibliography item.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\cite</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a bibliography item.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\nocite</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include an item in the bibliography.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Using BibTeX</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic generation of bibliographies.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -7862,7 +8185,7 @@
<node name="_005cbibitem" spaces=" "><nodename>\bibitem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cite</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\bibitem</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="426" mergedindex="cp">\bibitem</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="437" mergedindex="cp">\bibitem</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7879,7 +8202,7 @@
<para>Generate an entry labeled by default by a number generated using the
<code>enumi</code> counter. The <dfn>citation key</dfn>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">citation key</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="418">citation key</indexterm></cindex>
<var>cite_key</var> can be any string of
letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols (but not comma).
</para>
@@ -7936,7 +8259,7 @@
<node name="_005ccite" spaces=" "><nodename>\cite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nocite</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bibitem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cite</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="427" mergedindex="cp">\cite</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="438" mergedindex="cp">\cite</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7999,7 +8322,7 @@
<node name="_005cnocite" spaces=" "><nodename>\nocite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Using BibTeX</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\nocite</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="428" mergedindex="cp">\nocite</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="439" mergedindex="cp">\nocite</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8020,11 +8343,11 @@
<node name="Using-BibTeX" spaces=" "><nodename>Using BibTeX</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nocite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Using Bib&tex;</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="429" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="430" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="419">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="420">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="421">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="440" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="441" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography</indexterm></findex>
<para>As described in <code>thebibliography</code> (<pxref label="thebibliography"><xrefnodename>thebibliography</xrefnodename></pxref>), a
sophisticated approach to managing bibliographies is provided by the
@@ -8090,22 +8413,22 @@
files, and rely on Bib&tex; to include in this document only those that
you used.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382"><samp>*</samp>, to <code>\nocite</code> all keys</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="431" mergedindex="cp">\nocite <r>{*}, for all keys</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="422"><samp>*</samp>, to <code>\nocite</code> all keys</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="442" mergedindex="cp">\nocite <r>{*}, for all keys</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>With Bib&tex;, the <var>keys</var> argument to <code>\nocite</code> can also be
the single character <samp>*</samp>. This means to implicitly cite all
entries from all given bibliographies.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">Bib&tex; error messages</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Bib&tex; error messages</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="BibTeX-error-messages" spaces=" "><nodename>Bib&tex; error messages</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Using BibTeX</nodeup></node>
<subsubsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Bib&tex; error messages</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383">Bib&tex; error messages</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384">error messages, from Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="432" mergedindex="cp">.aux <r>file and Bib&tex; commands</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="423">Bib&tex; error messages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="424">error messages, from Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="443" mergedindex="cp">.aux <r>file and Bib&tex; commands</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>If you forget to use <code>\bibliography</code> or <code>\bibliographystyle</code>
in your document (or, less likely, any <code>\cite</code> or <code>\nocite</code>
@@ -8118,17 +8441,17 @@
errors, and the corresponding user-level commands.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="433" mergedindex="cp">\bibdata</indexterm>\bibdata</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="434" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography <r>and internal <code>\bibdata</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="444" mergedindex="cp">\bibdata</indexterm>\bibdata</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="445" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography <r>and internal <code>\bibdata</code></r></indexterm></findex>
<para><code>\bibliography</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="435" mergedindex="cp">\bibstyle</indexterm>\bibstyle</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="436" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle <r>and internal <code>\bibstyle</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="446" mergedindex="cp">\bibstyle</indexterm>\bibstyle</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="447" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle <r>and internal <code>\bibstyle</code></r></indexterm></findex>
<para><code>\bibliographystyle</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="437" mergedindex="cp">\citation</indexterm>\citation</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="438" mergedindex="cp">\cite <r>and internal <code>\citation</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="439" mergedindex="cp">\nocite <r>and internal <code>\citation</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="448" mergedindex="cp">\citation</indexterm>\citation</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="449" mergedindex="cp">\cite <r>and internal <code>\citation</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="450" mergedindex="cp">\nocite <r>and internal <code>\citation</code></r></indexterm></findex>
<para><code>\cite</code>, <code>\nocite</code>
</para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -8146,10 +8469,10 @@
<node name="theorem" spaces=" "><nodename>theorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">titlepage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>theorem</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="440" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theorem</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="441" mergedindex="cp"><code>theorem</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="451" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theorem</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="452" mergedindex="cp"><code>theorem</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="425">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8177,11 +8500,11 @@
\end{thm}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="426"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="427"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="428"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="429"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Most new documents use the packages <code>amsthm</code> and <code>amsmath</code>
from the American Mathematical Society. Among other things these
@@ -8193,11 +8516,11 @@
<node name="titlepage" spaces=" "><nodename>titlepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verbatim</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">theorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>titlepage</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="442" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>titlepage</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="443" mergedindex="cp"><code>titlepage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="453" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>titlepage</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="454" mergedindex="cp"><code>titlepage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390">making a title page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="430">making a title page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="431">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8244,14 +8567,14 @@
<node name="verbatim" spaces=" "><nodename>verbatim</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verse</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">titlepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verbatim</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="444" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verbatim</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="445" mergedindex="cp"><code>verbatim</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="455" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verbatim</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="456" mergedindex="cp"><code>verbatim</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="434">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="435">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="436">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8277,8 +8600,8 @@
<para>The only restriction on <code>literal-text</code> is that it cannot include
the string <code>\end{verbatim}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="437"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="438"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>You cannot use the verbatim environment in the argument to macros, for
instance in the argument to a <code>\section</code>. This is not the same as
@@ -8290,31 +8613,34 @@
when the macro was called. However, the <code>cprotect</code> package can
help with this.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="439"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="440"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="441"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="442"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. There are
-packages that are an improvement the <code>verbatim</code> environment. For
-instance, one improvement is to allow the verbatim inclusion of external
-files, or parts of those files. Such packages include <code>listings</code>,
-and <code>minted</code>.
+<para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. Some
+packages offer many features not provided by the <code>verbatim</code>
+environment; two of the most popular are <code>listings</code> and
+<code>minted</code>. For example, they are capable of pretty-printing,
+line numbering, and selecting parts of files for a continuing listing.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="443"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="444"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="445"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="446"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments is
<code>fancyvrb</code>. Another is <code>verbatimbox</code>.
</para>
-<para>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (<pxref label="CTAN"><xrefnodename>CTAN</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (<pxref label="CTAN"><xrefnodename>CTAN</xrefnodename></pxref>),
+particularly the topics <code>listing</code>
+(<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/topic/listing</urefurl></url>) and <code>verbatim</code>
+(<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim</urefurl></url>).
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\verb</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The macro form of the <code>verbatim</code> environment.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\verb</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The macro form of the <code>verbatim</code> environment.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -8321,8 +8647,8 @@
<node name="_005cverb" spaces=" "><nodename>\verb</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">verbatim</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\verb</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="446" mergedindex="cp">\verb</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="457" mergedindex="cp">\verb</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="447">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8355,10 +8681,11 @@
other). The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. The
<var>literal-text</var> cannot include a line break.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408">visible space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="448">visible space</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>*</code>-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a visible
space character.
<tex endspaces=" ">
+(Namely, {\tt\char`\ }.)
</tex>
</para>
<para>The output from this will include a visible space on both side of word
@@ -8368,25 +8695,16 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">The command's first argument is \verb*!filename with extension! and ...
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="450"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For typesetting Internet addresses, urls, the package <code>url</code>
is a better option than the <code>\verb</code> command, since
it allows line breaks.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="451"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="452"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-
-<para>For computer code there are many packages with advantages over
-<code>\verb</code>. One is <code>listings</code>, another is <code>minted</code>.
-</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="416"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-
<para>You cannot use <code>\verb</code> in the argument to a macro, for instance in
the argument to a <code>\section</code>. It is not a question of <code>\verb</code>
being fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>), instead it just cannot work, as the
@@ -8402,10 +8720,10 @@
<node name="verse" spaces=" "><nodename>verse</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">verbatim</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verse</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="447" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verse</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="448" mergedindex="cp"><code>verse</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="458" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verse</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="459" mergedindex="cp"><code>verse</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="417">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="453">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8426,7 +8744,7 @@
On the fair daughter of rich Capulet.
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="449" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>verse</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="460" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>verse</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Separate the lines of each stanza with <code>\\</code>, and use one or more
blank lines to separate the stanzas.
</para>
@@ -8454,8 +8772,8 @@
<node name="Line-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Line breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environments</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Line breaking</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="418">line breaking</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="419">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="454">line breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="455">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
@@ -8489,15 +8807,15 @@
</ignore>
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\\</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\obeycr & \restorecr</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make each input line start a new output line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Break the line
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\- (hyphenation)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert explicit hyphenation.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\slash</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a breakable /.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\discretionary</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Explicit control of hyphenation character(s).
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\fussy & \sloppy</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be more or less particular with line breaking.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hyphenation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\\</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\obeycr & \restorecr</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make each input line start a new output line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Break the line
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\- (hyphenation)</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert explicit hyphenation.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\slash</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a breakable /.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\discretionary</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Explicit control of hyphenation character(s).
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\fussy & \sloppy</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be more or less particular with line breaking.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hyphenation</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\linebreak & \nolinebreak</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -8504,9 +8822,9 @@
<node name="_005c_005c" spaces=" "><nodename>\\</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\\</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="450" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(force line break)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="420">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="421">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="461" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(force line break)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="456">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="457">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -8591,9 +8909,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cobeycr">\obeycr</anchor>
<anchor name="_005crestorecr">\restorecr</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="451" mergedindex="cp">\obeycr</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="452" mergedindex="cp">\restorecr</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="422">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="462" mergedindex="cp">\obeycr</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="463" mergedindex="cp">\restorecr</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="458">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>,
internally) the same as <code>\\</code>, followed by <code>\relax</code>. So each
@@ -8643,8 +8961,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewline" spaces=" "><nodename>\newline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="453" mergedindex="cp">\newline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="423">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="464" mergedindex="cp">\newline</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="459">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In ordinary text, this ends a line in a way that does not right-justify
it, so the text before the end of line is not stretched. That is, in
@@ -8676,8 +8994,8 @@
<node name="_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\slash</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="454" mergedindex="cp">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="424">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="465" mergedindex="cp">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="460">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Tell &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you
insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at
@@ -8720,8 +9038,8 @@
<node name="_005cslash" spaces=" "><nodename>\slash</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\discretionary</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\slash</code>: breakable <samp>/</samp></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="455" mergedindex="cp">\slash</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="425">slash character, breakable</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="466" mergedindex="cp">\slash</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="461">slash character, breakable</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\slash</code> command produces a <samp>/</samp> character and then a
penalty of the same value as an explicit <samp>-</samp> character
@@ -8737,8 +9055,8 @@
</section>
<node name="_005cdiscretionary" spaces=" "><nodename>\discretionary</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\slash</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="426">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="427">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="462">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="463">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8812,9 +9130,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cfussy">\fussy</anchor>
<anchor name="_005csloppy">\sloppy</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="456" mergedindex="cp">\fussy</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="457" mergedindex="cp">\sloppy</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="428">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="467" mergedindex="cp">\fussy</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="468" mergedindex="cp">\sloppy</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="464">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Declarations to make &tex; more picky or less picky about line
breaking. Declaring <code>\fussy</code> usually avoids too much space between
@@ -8829,7 +9147,7 @@
that paragraph-ending material in the scope of the command.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">sloppypar</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Environment version of \sloppy command.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>sloppypar</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Environment version of \sloppy command.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -8836,10 +9154,10 @@
<node name="sloppypar" spaces=" "><nodename>sloppypar</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>sloppypar</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="458" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>sloppypar</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="459" mergedindex="cp"><code>sloppypar</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="469" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>sloppypar</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="470" mergedindex="cp"><code>sloppypar</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="429">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="465">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8876,8 +9194,8 @@
<node name="_005chyphenation" spaces=" "><nodename>\hyphenation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hyphenation</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="460" mergedindex="cp">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="430">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="471" mergedindex="cp">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="466">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8910,10 +9228,10 @@
<anchor name="_005clinebreak">\linebreak</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cnolinebreak">\nolinebreak</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="461" mergedindex="cp">\linebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="462" mergedindex="cp">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="431">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="472" mergedindex="cp">\linebreak</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="473" mergedindex="cp">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="467">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="468">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -8957,8 +9275,8 @@
<node name="Page-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Page breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page breaking</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433">page breaking</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="434">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="469">page breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="470">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ordinarily &latex; automatically takes care of breaking output into
pages with its usual aplomb. But if you are writing commands, or
@@ -8966,7 +9284,7 @@
understand how to influence its actions.
</para>
<!-- c credit: H Vogt https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/115563 -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="435">badness</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="471">badness</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex;&textrsquo;s algorithm for splitting a document into pages is more complex
than just waiting until there is enough material to fill a page and
outputting the result. Instead, &latex; typesets more material than
@@ -8992,10 +9310,10 @@
<para><xref label="Layout"><xrefnodename>Layout</xrefnodename></xref>, for more material that is relevant to page breaking.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page; eject floats.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newpage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\enlargethispage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enlarge the current page a bit.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding page breaks.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page; eject floats.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newpage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\enlargethispage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enlarge the current page a bit.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding page breaks.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -9003,12 +9321,12 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\clearpage</code> & <code>\cleardoublepage</code> </sectiontitle>
<anchor name="_005cclearpage">\clearpage</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="463" mergedindex="cp">\clearpage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="436">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="437">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="474" mergedindex="cp">\clearpage</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="472">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="473">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="_005ccleardoublepage">\cleardoublepage</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="464" mergedindex="cp">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="438">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="475" mergedindex="cp">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="474">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9065,9 +9383,9 @@
<node name="_005cnewpage" spaces=" "><nodename>\newpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newpage</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="465" mergedindex="cp">\newpage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="439">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="440">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="476" mergedindex="cp">\newpage</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="475">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="476">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9110,8 +9428,8 @@
<node name="_005cenlargethispage" spaces=" "><nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\enlargethispage</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="466" mergedindex="cp">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="441">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="477" mergedindex="cp">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="477">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9146,10 +9464,10 @@
<anchor name="_005cpagebreak">\pagebreak</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cnopagebreak">\nopagebreak</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="467" mergedindex="cp">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="468" mergedindex="cp">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="442">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="443">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="478" mergedindex="cp">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="479" mergedindex="cp">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="478">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="479">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -9199,8 +9517,8 @@
occurred while \output is active</samp>. <xref label="_005cnewpage"><xrefnodename>\newpage</xrefnodename></xref>, for a command that
does not have these effects.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="469" mergedindex="cp">\samepage</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="470" mergedindex="cp">samepage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="480" mergedindex="cp">\samepage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="481" mergedindex="cp">samepage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>A declaration <code>\samepage</code> and corresponding <code>samepage</code>
environment try to only allow breaks between paragraphs. They are not
perfectly reliable. For more on keeping material on the same page,
@@ -9212,7 +9530,7 @@
<node name="Footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Definitions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="444">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="480">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
</para>
@@ -9234,12 +9552,12 @@
include a bibliographic style with that behavior (<pxref label="Using-BibTeX"><xrefnodename>Using BibTeX</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a footnote.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnotemark</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote mark only.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnotetext</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote text only.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnotes in section headings</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Chapter or section titles.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnotes in a table</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Table footnotes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnotes of footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Multiple classes of footnotes.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\footnote</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a footnote.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\footnotemark</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote mark only.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\footnotetext</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote text only.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Footnotes in section headings</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Chapter or section titles.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Footnotes in a table</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Table footnotes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Footnotes of footnotes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Multiple classes of footnotes.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -9246,7 +9564,7 @@
<node name="_005cfootnote" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnote</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="471" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="482" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9255,7 +9573,8 @@
\footnote[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Place a footnote <var>text</var> at the bottom of the current page.
+<para>Place a footnote <var>text</var> at the bottom of the current page, with a
+footnote marker at the current position in the text.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
@@ -9270,9 +9589,9 @@
the footnote. If you use this then &latex; does not increment the
<code>footnote</code> counter.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="445">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="472" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="473" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="481">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="483" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="484" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex>
<para>By default, &latex; uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change
this with something like
<code>\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}</code>, which
@@ -9283,29 +9602,33 @@
</para>
<para>&latex; determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="446">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="447">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="482">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="483">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="474" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="485" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnoterule">footnote footnoterule</anchor>
<para>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&textrsquo;s
footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
-<code>slides</code>, where it does not appear) is: vertical thickness of
+<code>slides</code>, where it does not appear) are: vertical thickness of
<code>0.4pt</code>, and horizontal size of <code>0.4\columnwidth</code> long.
Change the rule with something like this.
</para>
<!-- c Credit egreg: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/21917 -->
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns avoid vertical space
+<pre xml:space="preserve">% \footnoterule is expanded in vertical mode, thus \kern
+% commands ensure that no vertical space is created,
+% and the rule is separated vertically with 2pt
+% above the note text.
+\renewcommand*{\footnoterule}{%
\kern -3pt % This -3 is negative
\hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % of the sum of this 1
\kern 2pt} % and this 2
</pre></example>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="475" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="486" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnotesep">footnote footnotesep</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="448">strut</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="484">strut</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote
(<pxref label="_005cstrut"><xrefnodename>\strut</xrefnodename></pxref>). By default, this is set to the normal strut for
<code>\footnotesize</code> fonts (<pxref label="Font-sizes"><xrefnodename>Font sizes</xrefnodename></pxref>), therefore there is no
@@ -9323,8 +9646,8 @@
paragraph mode; <pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). There are some workarounds; see
following sections.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449">footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="450">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="485">footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="486">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In a <code>minipage</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command uses the
<code>mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the <code>footnote</code> counter, so
they are numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the
@@ -9336,7 +9659,7 @@
<node name="_005cfootnotemark" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotemark</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotemark</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="476" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="487" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9365,8 +9688,8 @@
<para>If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value of
the number of the common mark. This example gives the same
institutional affiliation to both the first and third authors
-(<code>\thanks</code> is a version of <code>\footnote</code>), by-hand giving the
-number of the footnote.
+(<code>\thanks</code> is a version of <code>\footnote</code>), by explicitly
+specifying the number of the footnote (<samp>1</samp>).
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
@@ -9377,25 +9700,12 @@
\maketitle
</pre></example>
-<para>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
-is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
-</para>
-<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
-All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
- Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
-Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
- Captain Hook.}
-Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
-Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
-</pre></example>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="487"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="488"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="451"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="452"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="489"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="490"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="453"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="454"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-
<para>This example accomplishes the same by using the package <code>cleveref</code>.
</para>
<!-- c from SE user Jake http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/10116/339 -->
@@ -9408,17 +9718,30 @@
But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="455"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="456"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="491"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="492"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>It will work with the package <code>hyperref</code>.
</para>
+<para>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
+is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
+All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
+ Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
+Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
+ Captain Hook.}
+Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
+Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
+</pre></example>
+
</section>
<node name="_005cfootnotetext" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotetext</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotetext</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="477" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="488" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9441,8 +9764,8 @@
<node name="Footnotes-in-section-headings" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in section headings</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in section headings</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="457">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="458">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="493">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="494">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
</para>
@@ -9455,7 +9778,9 @@
section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way
to have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
-argument to <code>\section</code>
+argument to <code>\section</code>.
+<!-- c xx Same issue with table/figure captions and -->
+<!-- c \listoftable/\listoffigures, and same sort of fix can be used. -->
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\section[Please]{Please\footnote{%
@@ -9471,7 +9796,7 @@
<node name="Footnotes-in-a-table" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in a table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes of footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in a table</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="459">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="495">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Inside a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code>
command does not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but
@@ -9524,8 +9849,8 @@
\end{center}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="460"><r>package</r>, <code>tablefootnote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="461"><code>tablefootnote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="496"><r>package</r>, <code>tablefootnote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="497"><code>tablefootnote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For a floating <code>table</code> environment (<pxref label="table"><xrefnodename>table</xrefnodename></pxref>), use the
<code>tablefootnote</code> package.
@@ -9555,10 +9880,10 @@
<node name="Footnotes-of-footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes of footnotes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes of footnotes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="462">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="498">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="463"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="464"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="499"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="500"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of
footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package
@@ -9581,24 +9906,25 @@
<node name="Definitions" spaces=" "><nodename>Definitions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Counters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Definitions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="465">definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="501">definitions</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\providecommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new command, if name not used.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makeatletter & \makeatother</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the status of the at-sign character.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;ifstar</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands with *-variants.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newsavebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new environment.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newtheorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newfont</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\protect</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Discard extra spaces.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">xspace package</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space after a macro, conditionally.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\providecommand</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new command, if name not used.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\makeatletter & \makeatother</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the status of the at-sign character.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\&arobase;ifstar</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands with *-variants.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newcounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newlength</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newsavebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new environment.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newtheorem</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newfont</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\protect</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Discard extra spaces.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>xspace package</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space after a macro, conditionally.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Class and package commands</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Primarily for LaTeX programmers.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -9607,13 +9933,13 @@
<anchor name="_005cnewcommand">\newcommand</anchor>
<anchor name="_005crenewcommand">\renewcommand</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="478" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="479" mergedindex="cp">\renewcommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="466">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="467">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="468">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="469">redefining a command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="470">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="489" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="490" mergedindex="cp">\renewcommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="502">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="503">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="504">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="505">redefining a command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="506">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of (three regular forms, three starred forms):
</para>
@@ -9639,13 +9965,12 @@
\renewcommand*{\<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optargdefault</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
</pre></example>
-
<para>Define or redefine a command (see also <code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code> in
<ref label="Class-and-package-commands"><xrefnodename>Class and package commands</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="471">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="472">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="480" mergedindex="cp">\long<r>, not defining a command as</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="507">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="508">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="491" mergedindex="cp">\long<r>, not defining a command as</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The starred form of these two forbids the arguments from containing
multiple paragraphs of text (i.e., a <code>\par</code> token; in plain
&tex; terms: the commands are not <code>\long</code>). With the default
@@ -9668,8 +9993,8 @@
different number of arguments than the old version.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">optargdefault</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="473">optional arguments, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="474">arguments, optional, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="509">optional arguments, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="510">arguments, optional, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
<code>\<var>cmd</var></code> is optional, with default value <var>optargdefault</var>
(which may be the empty string). If <var>optargdefault</var> is not present
@@ -9702,7 +10027,7 @@
may be a &latex; error, there may be incorrect typeset output, or both.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">defn</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="475">parameters, substituting</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="511">parameters, substituting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Required; the text to be substituted for every occurrence of
<code>\<var>cmd</var></code>. The parameters <code>#1</code>, <code>#2</code>,
&dots;, <code>#<var>nargs</var></code> are replaced by the values supplied when
@@ -9711,7 +10036,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="476">blanks, after control sequences</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="512">blanks, after control sequences</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex; ignores blanks in the source following a control word
(<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), as in <samp>\cmd </samp>. If you want a space
there, one solution is to type <code>{}</code> after the command
@@ -9788,13 +10113,13 @@
definition: <code>\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Control sequences</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Control sequences</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="Control-sequences" spaces=" "><nodename>Control sequences</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Control sequence, control word and control symbol</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="477">control sequences</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="513">control sequences</indexterm></cindex>
<para>When reading input &tex; converts the stream of read characters into a
sequence of <dfn>tokens</dfn>. When &tex; sees a backslash <code>\</code>, it will
@@ -9803,15 +10128,15 @@
</para>
<para>The control sequences fall into two categories:
</para>
-<itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
+<itemize commandarg="bullet" automaticcommandarg="on" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
<listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="478">control word, defined</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="514">control word, defined</indexterm></cindex>
<para><dfn>control word</dfn>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
<code>\</code> followed by at least one ASCII letter (<code>A-Z</code> and
<code>a-z</code>), followed by at least one non-letter.
</para>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="479">control symbol, defined</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="515">control symbol, defined</indexterm></cindex>
<para><dfn>control symbol</dfn>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
<code>\</code> followed by one non-letter character.
</para></listitem></itemize>
@@ -9824,7 +10149,10 @@
<ref label="_005c_0028SPACE_0029"><xrefnodename>\(SPACE)</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
<para>Just as the <code>\relax</code> command does nothing, the following input
-will simply print <samp>Hello!</samp> <inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>tex</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt>:
+will simply print <samp>Hello!</samp> <inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>tex</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>We use visible
+spaces @samp{@visiblespace{}} instead of blanks</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent> (if
+you use the Emacs info viewer at comma{} turn on the @code{whitespace-mode}
+minor mode to see the trailing spaces)</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt>:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">Hel\relax<w> </w><w> </w><w> </w>
@@ -9841,10 +10169,10 @@
<node name="_005cprovidecommand" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\providecommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\providecommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="481" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="480">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="481">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="482">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="492" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="516">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="517">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="518">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -9883,8 +10211,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cmakeatletter">\makeatletter</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cmakeatother">\makeatother</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="482" mergedindex="cp">\makeatother</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="483" mergedindex="cp">\makeatother</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="493" mergedindex="cp">\makeatother</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="494" mergedindex="cp">\makeatother</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9901,9 +10229,9 @@
category code of the at-sign to code 12, its default value.
</para>
<para>As &tex; reads characters, it assigns each one a category code, or
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="483">catcode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="484">character category code</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="485">category code, character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="519">catcode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="520">character category code</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="521">category code, character</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>catcode</dfn>. For instance, it assigns the backslash
character <samp><code>\</code></samp> the catcode 0. Command names
consist of a category 0 character, ordinarily backslash, followed
@@ -9925,8 +10253,8 @@
arrange that the at-sign has the character code of a letter,
catcode 11.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="486"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="487"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="522"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="523"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For a comprehensive list of macros with an at-sign in their names see
<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e</urefurl></url>.
@@ -9947,9 +10275,9 @@
<node name="_005c_0040ifstar" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;ifstar</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;ifstar</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="484" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="488">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="489">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="495" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="524">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="525">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10017,11 +10345,11 @@
<code>\agentsecret<w> *</w>{Bond}</code> are equivalent. However, the
standard practice is not to insert any such spaces.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="490"><r>package</r>, <code>suffix</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="491"><code>suffix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="526"><r>package</r>, <code>suffix</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="527"><code>suffix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="492"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="493"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="528"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="529"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are two alternative ways to accomplish the work of
<code>\&arobase;ifstar</code>. (1) The <code>suffix</code> package allows the
@@ -10043,8 +10371,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;ifstar</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="485" mergedindex="cp">\newcounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="494">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="496" mergedindex="cp">\newcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="530">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -10096,11 +10424,11 @@
<node name="_005cnewlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\newlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newlength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="486" mergedindex="cp">\newlength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="495">lengths, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="496">rubber lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="497">skip register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="498">glue register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="497" mergedindex="cp">\newlength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="531">lengths, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="532">rubber lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="533">skip register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="534">glue register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10133,8 +10461,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewsavebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\newsavebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newsavebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="487" mergedindex="cp">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="499">box, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="498" mergedindex="cp">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="535">box, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10173,11 +10501,11 @@
<anchor name="_005cnewenvironment">\newenvironment</anchor>
<anchor name="_005crenewenvironment">\renewenvironment</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="488" mergedindex="cp">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="489" mergedindex="cp">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="500">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="501">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="502">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="499" mergedindex="cp">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="500" mergedindex="cp">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="536">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="537">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="538">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -10205,7 +10533,7 @@
<para>Define or redefine the environment <var>env</var>, that is, create the
construct <code>\begin{<var>env</var>} ... <var>body</var> ... \end{<var>env</var>}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="503"><code>*</code>-form of environment commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="539"><code>*</code>-form of environment commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The starred form of these commands requires that the arguments not
contain multiple paragraphs of text. However, the body of these
environments can contain multiple paragraphs.
@@ -10337,12 +10665,12 @@
<node name="_005cnewtheorem" spaces=" "><nodename>\newtheorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newfont</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newtheorem</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="490" mergedindex="cp">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="504">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="505">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="501" mergedindex="cp">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="540">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="541">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="506">theorem-like environment</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="507">environment, theorem-like</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="542">theorem-like environment</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="543">environment, theorem-like</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -10472,9 +10800,9 @@
<node name="_005cnewfont" spaces=" "><nodename>\newfont</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\protect</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newfont</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="491" mergedindex="cp">\newfont</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="508">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="509">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="502" mergedindex="cp">\newfont</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c @findex .fd @r{file} -->
<para>This command is obsolete. This description is here only to help with old
@@ -10495,8 +10823,8 @@
The control sequence must not already be defined. It must begin with a
backslash, <code>\</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="510">at clause, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="511">design size, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546">at clause, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547">design size, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <var>font description</var> consists of a <var>fontname</var> and an optional
<dfn>at clause</dfn>. &latex; will look on your system for a file named
<file><var>fontname</var>.tfm</file>. The at clause can have the form either
@@ -10520,27 +10848,23 @@
<node name="_005cprotect" spaces=" "><nodename>\protect</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newfont</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\protect</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="492" mergedindex="cp">\protect</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="512">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="513">robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="503" mergedindex="cp">\protect</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549">robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>All &latex; commands are either <dfn>fragile</dfn> or <dfn>robust</dfn>. A
fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to certain
-other commands. Commands that contain data that &latex; writes to an
-auxiliary file and re-reads later are fragile. This includes material
-that goes into a table of contents, list of figures, list of tables,
-etc. Fragile commands also include line breaks, any command that has an
-optional argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from
-breaking, one solution is to preceded them with the command
-<code>\protect</code>.
+other commands, typically those that write material to the table of
+contents, the cross-reference file, etc. To prevent fragile
+commands from causing errors, one solution is to precede them with the
+command <code>\protect</code>.
</para>
<para>For example, when &latex; runs the <code>\section{<var>section
name</var>}</code> command it writes the <var>section name</var> text to the
<file>.aux</file> auxiliary file, moving it there for use elsewhere in the
-document such as in the table of contents. Any argument that is
-internally expanded by &latex; without typesetting it directly is
-referred to as a
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="514">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex>
+document such as in the table of contents. Such an argument that is
+used in multiple places is referred to as a
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>moving argument</dfn>. A command is fragile if it can
expand during this process into invalid &tex; code. Some examples of
moving arguments are those that appear in the <code>\caption{...}</code>
@@ -10549,38 +10873,56 @@
<code>array</code> environments (<pxref label="tabular"><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with <code>\protect</code>. Every fragile commands must be
+preceding it with <code>\protect</code>. Each fragile command must be
protected with their own <code>\protect</code>.
</para>
<para>Although usually a <code>\protect</code> command doesn&textrsquo;t hurt, length
-commands are robust and should not be preceded by a <code>\protect</code>
-command. Nor can a <code>\protect</code> command be used in the argument to
-<code>\addtocounter</code> or <code>\setcounter</code> command.
+commands such as <code>\parindent</code> should not be preceded by a
+<code>\protect</code> command (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>. Nor can a <code>\protect</code>
+command be used in the argument to <code>\addtocounter</code> or
+<code>\setcounter</code> command (<pxref label="_005csetcounter"><xrefnodename>\setcounter</xrefnodename></pxref> and
+<ref label="_005caddtocounter"><xrefnodename>\addtocounter</xrefnodename></ref>. These commands are already robust.
</para>
-<para>In this example the <code>\caption</code> command gives a mysterious error
-about an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each
-<code>\raisebox</code> command with <code>\protect</code>.
+<para>As of the October 2019 release of &latex;
+(<url><urefurl>https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf</urefurl></url>),
+most commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be
+robust. For example, any command taking an optional argument, such as
+<code>\root</code> or <code>\raisebox</code>, was fragile, but is now
+robust. Similarly, <code>\(...\)</code> math was fragile and is now robust
+(<code>$...$</code> has always been robust).
</para>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="504" mergedindex="cp">\verb<r>, as fragile command</r></indexterm></findex>
+<para>Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is
+<code>\verb</code>; for example,
+</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{figure}
...
- \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+ \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
\end{figure}
</pre></example>
-<para>In the next example the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command gives an error
-because the <code>\(..\)</code> in the section title expands to illegal &tex;
-in the <file>.toc</file> file. You can solve this by changing <code>\(..\)</code>
-to <code>\protect\(..\protect\)</code>.
+<para>Adding <code>\protect</code> does not help here. It&textrsquo;s usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use
+<code>\texttt</code>, often the simplest solution.
</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="505" mergedindex="cp">\cprotect</indexterm></findex>
+<para>Alternatively, to use <code>\verb</code>, you can apply the
+<code>\cprotect</code> command from <code>cprotect</code> package
+(<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect</urefurl></url>) to the <code>\caption</code>:
+</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{document}
-\tableofcontents
-...
-\section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
-...
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
</pre></example>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="506" mergedindex="cp">\cprotEnv</indexterm></findex>
+<para><code>\cprotect</code> also allows use of <code>\begin...\end</code> environments
+in moving arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a
+similar prefix command <code>\cprotEnv</code>.
+</para>
</section>
<node name="_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend" spaces=" "><nodename>\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">xspace package</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\protect</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
@@ -10588,10 +10930,10 @@
<anchor name="_005cignorespaces">\ignorespaces</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespacesafterend</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="493" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespaces</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="494" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespacesafterend</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="515">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="516">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="507" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespaces</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="508" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespacesafterend</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10686,12 +11028,12 @@
<node name="xspace-package" spaces=" "><nodename>xspace package</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>xspace</code> package</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="495" mergedindex="cp">\xspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="517"><r>package</r>, <code>xspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="518"><code>xspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="509" mergedindex="cp">\xspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555"><r>package</r>, <code>xspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556"><code>xspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="519">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="520">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
<para>This is an add-on package, not part of core &latex;. Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10754,14 +11096,31 @@
<node name="Class-and-package-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">xspace package</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package commands</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="521">class and package commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="522">package and class commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="523">commands, class and package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559">class and package commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560">package and class commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561">commands, class and package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are commands designed to help writers of classes or packages.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-</menu>
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\CheckCommand</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ClassError and \PackageError and others</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\CurrentOption</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareOption</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareRobustCommand</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ExecuteOptions</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\IfFileExists & \InputIfFileExists</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\NeedsTeXFormat</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\OptionNotUsed</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ProcessOptions</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ProvidesFile</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\RequirePackage & \RequirePackageWithOptions </menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi" spaces=" "><nodename>\AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtBeginDvi</code> & <code>\AtEndDvi</code></sectiontitle>
@@ -10768,8 +11127,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cAtBeginDvi">\AtBeginDvi</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cAtEndDvi">\AtEndDvi</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="496" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDvi</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="497" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDvi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="510" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDvi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="511" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDvi</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10784,8 +11143,8 @@
the <code>shipout/firstpage</code> hook; new code should use that hook
directly.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="524"><r>package</r>, <code>atenddvi</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="525"><code>atenddvi</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562"><r>package</r>, <code>atenddvi</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563"><code>atenddvi</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Similarly, <code>\AtEndDvi</code> (previously available only with the
<code>atenddvi</code> package) is code executed when finalizing the main
@@ -10798,8 +11157,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cAtEndOfClass">\AtEndOfClass</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cAtEndOfPackage">\AtEndOfPackage</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="498" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfClass</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="499" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfPackage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="512" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfClass</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="513" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfPackage</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -10822,10 +11181,10 @@
<node name="_005cCheckCommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\CheckCommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\CheckCommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="500" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="526">new command, checking definition of</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="527">long command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="528"><code>\long</code> command, checking for</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="514" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564">new command, checking definition of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">long command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566"><code>\long</code> command, checking for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10872,11 +11231,11 @@
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ClassWarningNoLine{<var>class name</var>}{<var>warning-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ClassInfo{<var>class name</var>}{<var>info-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ClassInfoNoLine{<var>class name</var>}{<var>info-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="501" mergedindex="cp">\ClassError</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="502" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarning</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="503" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="504" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfo</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="505" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="515" mergedindex="cp">\ClassError</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="516" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarning</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="517" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="518" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfo</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="519" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
<noindent></noindent> <para>and the same for packages:
@@ -10886,11 +11245,11 @@
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PackageWarningNoLine{<var>package name</var>}{<var>warning-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PackageInfo{<var>package name</var>}{<var>info-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PackageInfoNoLine{<var>package name</var>}{<var>info-text</var>}</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="506" mergedindex="cp">\PackageError</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="507" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarning</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="508" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="509" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfo</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="510" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="520" mergedindex="cp">\PackageError</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="521" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarning</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="522" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="523" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfo</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="524" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
<para>For <code>\ClassError</code> and <code>\PackageError</code> the message is
@@ -10904,9 +11263,9 @@
file. The <code>NoLine</code> versions omit the number of the line
generating the message, while the other versions do show that number.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="529"><code>\protect</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="530"><code>\space</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="531"><code>\MessageBreak</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567"><code>\protect</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568"><code>\space</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569"><code>\MessageBreak</code>, and message text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>To format the messages, including the <var>help-text</var>: use
<code>\protect</code> to stop a command from expanding, get a line break
with <code>\MessageBreak</code>, and get a space with <code>\space</code> when a
@@ -10919,8 +11278,8 @@
<node name="_005cCurrentOption" spaces=" "><nodename>\CurrentOption</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareOption</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\CurrentOption</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="511" mergedindex="cp">\CurrentOption</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="532">option, currently being processed</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="525" mergedindex="cp">\CurrentOption</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570">option, currently being processed</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Expands to the name of the option currently being processed. This can
only be used within the <var>code</var> argument of either
@@ -10931,11 +11290,11 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareOption" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareOption</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareRobustCommand</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\CurrentOption</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareOption</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="512" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="533">class options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="534">package options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="535">options, class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="536">options, package</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="526" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571">class options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572">package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573">options, class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574">options, package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10952,9 +11311,9 @@
must contain <code>\DeclareOption{logo}{<var>code</var>}</code> (and later,
<code>\ProcessOptions</code>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="537">default option processing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="538">option processing by default</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="539"><code>Unused global option</code> warning, handling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575">default option processing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576">option processing by default</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577"><code>Unused global option</code> warning, handling</indexterm></cindex>
<para>If you request an option that has not been declared, by default this
will produce a warning like <code>Unused global option(s):
[badoption].</code> This can be changed by using
@@ -10989,9 +11348,9 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareRobustCommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareRobustCommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ExecuteOptions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareOption</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="513" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="540">new command, definition</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="541">robust command, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="527" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578">new command, definition</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579">robust command, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11022,13 +11381,13 @@
using <code>\newcommand</code> so unless the command&textrsquo;s data is fragile and the
command is used within a moving argument, use <code>\newcommand</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="542"><r>package</r>, <code>etoolbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="543"><code>etoolbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580"><r>package</r>, <code>etoolbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581"><code>etoolbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">e-&tex;, and robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="514" mergedindex="cp">\newrobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="515" mergedindex="cp">\renewrobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="516" mergedindex="cp">\providerobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">e-&tex;, and robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="528" mergedindex="cp">\newrobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="529" mergedindex="cp">\renewrobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="530" mergedindex="cp">\providerobustcmd <r>(<t>etoolbox</t> package)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Related to this, the <code>etoolbox</code> package offers three commands
and their starred forms: <code>\newrobustcmd</code>(<code>*</code>)
@@ -11058,7 +11417,7 @@
<node name="_005cExecuteOptions" spaces=" "><nodename>\ExecuteOptions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\IfFileExists & \InputIfFileExists</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareRobustCommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ExecuteOptions</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="517" mergedindex="cp">\ExecuteOptions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="531" mergedindex="cp">\ExecuteOptions</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11066,7 +11425,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\ExecuteOptions{<var>option-list</var>}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="518" mergedindex="cp">\ds&arobase;<var>option</var></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="532" mergedindex="cp">\ds&arobase;<var>option</var></indexterm></findex>
<para>For each option <var>option</var> in <var>option-list</var>, in order, this
command executes the command <code>\ds&arobase;<var>option</var></code>. If this
command is not defined then that option is silently ignored.
@@ -11083,8 +11442,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cIfFileExists">\IfFileExists</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cInputIfFileExists">\InputIfFileExists</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="519" mergedindex="cp">\IfFileExists</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="520" mergedindex="cp">\InputIfFileExists</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="533" mergedindex="cp">\IfFileExists</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="534" mergedindex="cp">\InputIfFileExists</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -11134,8 +11493,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cLoadClass">\LoadClass</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cLoadClassWithOptions">\LoadClassWithOptions</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="521" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClass</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="522" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClassWithOptions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="535" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClass</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="536" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClassWithOptions</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -11165,7 +11524,7 @@
Standard LaTeX document class' is available.
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="523" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass<r>, ignoring</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="537" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass<r>, ignoring</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The command version <code>\LoadClassWithOptions</code> uses the list of
options for the current class. This means it ignores any options passed
to it via <code>\PassOptionsToClass</code>. This is a convenience command
@@ -11177,10 +11536,10 @@
<node name="_005cNeedsTeXFormat" spaces=" "><nodename>\NeedsTeXFormat</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\OptionNotUsed</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\NeedsTeXFormat</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="524" mergedindex="cp">\NeedsTeXFormat</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545">format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546">version of format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547">date of format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="538" mergedindex="cp">\NeedsTeXFormat</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">version of format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">date of format, requiring</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11212,10 +11571,10 @@
<node name="_005cOptionNotUsed" spaces=" "><nodename>\OptionNotUsed</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\NeedsTeXFormat</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\OptionNotUsed</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="525" mergedindex="cp">\OptionNotUsed</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="539" mergedindex="cp">\OptionNotUsed</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548">unused options, adding to list</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549">options, list of unused</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">unused options, adding to list</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587">options, list of unused</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Adds the current option to the list of unused options. Can only be used
within the <var>code</var> argument of either <code>\DeclareOption</code> or
<code>\DeclareOption*</code>.
@@ -11233,8 +11592,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cPassOptionsToClass">\PassOptionsToClass</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cPassOptionsToPackage">\PassOptionsToPackage</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="526" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="527" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToPackage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="540" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="541" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToPackage</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -11248,8 +11607,8 @@
<code>\usepackage</code> command for the class <var>clsname</var> or the package
<var>pkgname</var>, respectively.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550">option clash</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551">conflict between package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588">option clash</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589">conflict between package options</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The reason for these commands is that although you may load a package
any number of times with no options, if you can specify options only
the first time you load the package. Loading a package with options
@@ -11298,9 +11657,9 @@
<node name="_005cProcessOptions" spaces=" "><nodename>\ProcessOptions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ProcessOptions</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="528" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552">processing options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">options, processing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="542" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590">processing options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591">options, processing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11313,9 +11672,9 @@
in the class file as <code>\ProcessOptions\relax</code> (because of the
existence of the starred version, described below).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554">options, global and local</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555">local options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556">global options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592">options, global and local</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593">local options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594">global options</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Options come in two types. <dfn>Local options</dfn> have been specified
for this particular package in <code>\usepackage[<var>options</var>]</code>,
<code>\RequirePackage[<var>options</var>]</code>, or the <var>options</var> argument
@@ -11360,8 +11719,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cProvidesClass">\ProvidesClass</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cProvidesPackage">\ProvidesPackage</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="529" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesClass</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="530" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesPackage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="543" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesClass</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="544" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesPackage</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -11410,7 +11769,7 @@
<node name="_005cProvidesFile" spaces=" "><nodename>\ProvidesFile</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\RequirePackage & \RequirePackageWithOptions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ProvidesFile</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="531" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesFile</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="545" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesFile</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11442,8 +11801,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cRequirePackage">\RequirePackage</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cRequirePackageWithOptions">\RequirePackageWithOptions</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="532" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="533" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackageWithOptions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="546" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="547" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackageWithOptions</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11490,8 +11849,8 @@
<node name="Counters" spaces=" "><nodename>Counters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Definitions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Counters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with
it. The name of the counter is often the same as the name of the
@@ -11503,23 +11862,23 @@
<para>Below is a list of the counters used in &latex;&textrsquo;s standard document
classes to control numbering.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="534" mergedindex="cp">part counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="535" mergedindex="cp">chapter counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="536" mergedindex="cp">section counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="537" mergedindex="cp">subsection counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="538" mergedindex="cp">subsubsection counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="539" mergedindex="cp">paragraph counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="540" mergedindex="cp">subparagraph counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="541" mergedindex="cp">page counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="542" mergedindex="cp">equation counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="543" mergedindex="cp">figure counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="544" mergedindex="cp">table counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="545" mergedindex="cp">footnote counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="546" mergedindex="cp">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="547" mergedindex="cp">enumi counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="548" mergedindex="cp">enumii counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="549" mergedindex="cp">enumiii counter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="550" mergedindex="cp">enumiv counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="548" mergedindex="cp">part counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="549" mergedindex="cp">chapter counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="550" mergedindex="cp">section counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="551" mergedindex="cp">subsection counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="552" mergedindex="cp">subsubsection counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="553" mergedindex="cp">paragraph counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="554" mergedindex="cp">subparagraph counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="555" mergedindex="cp">page counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="556" mergedindex="cp">equation counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="557" mergedindex="cp">figure counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="558" mergedindex="cp">table counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="559" mergedindex="cp">footnote counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="560" mergedindex="cp">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="561" mergedindex="cp">enumi counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="562" mergedindex="cp">enumii counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="563" mergedindex="cp">enumiii counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="564" mergedindex="cp">enumiv counter</indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">part paragraph figure enumi
chapter subparagraph table enumii
@@ -11537,16 +11896,15 @@
</para>
<para>New counters are created with <code>\newcounter</code>. <xref label="_005cnewcounter"><xrefnodename>\newcounter</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
-
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print value of a counter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\usecounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use a specified counter in a list environment.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\value</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use the value of a counter in an expression.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\setcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a counter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtocounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a counter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\refstepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to a counter.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\stepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to a counter, resetting subsidiary counters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\day & \month & \year</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numeric date values.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print value of a counter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\usecounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use a specified counter in a list environment.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\value</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use the value of a counter in an expression.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\setcounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a counter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\addtocounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a counter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\refstepcounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to a counter.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\stepcounter</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to a counter, resetting subsidiary counters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\day & \month & \year</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numeric date values.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -11553,7 +11911,7 @@
<node name="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" spaces=" "><nodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usecounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559">counters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597">counters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Print the value of a counter, in a specified style. For instance, if
the counter <var>counter</var> has the value 1 then a
@@ -11565,30 +11923,30 @@
start with a backslash.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="551" mergedindex="cp">\alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="565" mergedindex="cp">\alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print the value of <var>counter</var> in lowercase letters: &textlsquo;a&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;b&textrsquo;,
&enddots; If the counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 or more than 26 then
you get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter too large.</samp>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="552" mergedindex="cp">\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="566" mergedindex="cp">\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in uppercase letters: &textlsquo;A&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;B&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the counter&textrsquo;s value
is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter
too large.</samp>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="553" mergedindex="cp">\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="567" mergedindex="cp">\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in Arabic numbers such as <samp>5</samp> or <samp>-2</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="554" mergedindex="cp">\roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="568" mergedindex="cp">\roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in lowercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;i&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;ii&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the
counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
&latex; does not print anything in the output.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="555" mergedindex="cp">\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="569" mergedindex="cp">\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in uppercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;I&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;II&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the
counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
&latex; does not print anything in the output.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="556" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="570" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Prints the value of <var>counter</var> using a sequence of nine symbols that
are traditionally used for labeling footnotes. The value of
<var>counter</var> should be between 1 and 9, inclusive. If the
@@ -11629,9 +11987,9 @@
<node name="_005cusecounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\usecounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\value</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usecounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="557" mergedindex="cp">\usecounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="571" mergedindex="cp">\usecounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11666,8 +12024,8 @@
<node name="_005cvalue" spaces=" "><nodename>\value</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\usecounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\value</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="558" mergedindex="cp">\value</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="572" mergedindex="cp">\value</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11710,9 +12068,9 @@
<node name="_005csetcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\setcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\value</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="559" mergedindex="cp">\setcounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564">setting counters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="573" mergedindex="cp">\setcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602">setting counters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11738,7 +12096,7 @@
<node name="_005caddtocounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtocounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="560" mergedindex="cp">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="574" mergedindex="cp">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11762,7 +12120,7 @@
<node name="_005crefstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\refstepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\refstepcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="561" mergedindex="cp">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="575" mergedindex="cp">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11786,7 +12144,7 @@
<node name="_005cstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\stepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\day & \month & \year</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stepcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="562" mergedindex="cp">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="576" mergedindex="cp">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11811,9 +12169,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cday">\day</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cmonth">\month</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cyear">\year</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="563" mergedindex="cp">\day</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="564" mergedindex="cp">\month</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="565" mergedindex="cp">\year</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="577" mergedindex="cp">\day</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="578" mergedindex="cp">\month</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="579" mergedindex="cp">\year</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex; defines the counter <code>\day</code> for the day of the month
(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <code>\month</code> for the month of
@@ -11842,16 +12200,16 @@
<node name="Lengths" spaces=" "><nodename>Lengths</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Counters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Lengths</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A <dfn>length</dfn> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a
length as an argument.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566">rigid lengths</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567">rubber lengths</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568">dimen <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569">skip <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570">glue <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604">rigid lengths</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605">rubber lengths</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606">dimen <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607">skip <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608">glue <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Lengths come in two types. A <dfn>rigid length</dfn> such as <code>10pt</code>
does not contain a <code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component. (Plain
&tex; calls this a <dfn>dimen</dfn>.) A <dfn>rubber length</dfn> (what plain
@@ -11965,14 +12323,14 @@
<code>\zlength</code> is <code>3in</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Units of length</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The units that &latex; knows.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\setlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a length.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtolength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a length.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settodepth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the depth of something.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settoheight</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the height of something.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settowidth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the width of something.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\stretch</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add infinite stretchability.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Expressions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Compute with lengths and integers.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Units of length</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The units that &latex; knows.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\setlength</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a length.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\addtolength</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a length.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\settodepth</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the depth of something.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\settoheight</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the height of something.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\settowidth</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the width of something.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\stretch</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add infinite stretchability.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Expressions</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Compute with lengths and integers.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -11979,57 +12337,57 @@
<node name="Units-of-length" spaces=" "><nodename>Units of length</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setlength</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Units of length</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571">units, of length</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609">units, of length</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex; and &latex; know about these units both inside and outside of
math mode.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="566" mergedindex="cp">pt</indexterm>pt </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572">point</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="580" mergedindex="cp">pt</indexterm>pt </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610">point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-pt">units of length pt</anchor>
<para>Point, 1/72.27 inch. The (approximate) conversion to metric units
is 1<dmn>point</dmn> = .35146<dmn>mm</dmn> = .035146<dmn>cm</dmn>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="567" mergedindex="cp">pc</indexterm>pc</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573">pica</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="581" mergedindex="cp">pc</indexterm>pc</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611">pica</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-pc">units of length pc</anchor>
<para>Pica, 12 pt
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="568" mergedindex="cp">in</indexterm>in </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574">inch</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="582" mergedindex="cp">in</indexterm>in </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612">inch</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-in">units of length in</anchor>
<para>Inch, 72.27 pt
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="569" mergedindex="cp">bp</indexterm>bp </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575">big point</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576">PostScript point</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="583" mergedindex="cp">bp</indexterm>bp </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613">big point</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614">PostScript point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-bp">units of length bp</anchor>
<para>Big point, 1/72 inch. This length is the definition of a point in
PostScript and many desktop publishing systems.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="570" mergedindex="cp">mm</indexterm>mm </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577">millimeter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="584" mergedindex="cp">mm</indexterm>mm </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615">millimeter</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-mm">units of length mm</anchor>
<para>Millimeter, 2.845<dmn>pt</dmn>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="571" mergedindex="cp">cm</indexterm>cm </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578">centimeter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="585" mergedindex="cp">cm</indexterm>cm </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">centimeter</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-cm">units of length cm</anchor>
<para>Centimeter, 10<dmn>mm</dmn>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="572" mergedindex="cp">dd</indexterm>dd </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579">didot point</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="586" mergedindex="cp">dd</indexterm>dd </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">didot point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-dd">units of length dd</anchor>
<para>Didot point, 1.07 pt
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="573" mergedindex="cp">cc</indexterm>cc </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580">cicero</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="587" mergedindex="cp">cc</indexterm>cc </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618">cicero</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-cc">units of length cc</anchor>
<para>Cicero, 12 dd
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="574" mergedindex="cp">sp</indexterm>sp </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581">scaled point</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="588" mergedindex="cp">sp</indexterm>sp </itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619">scaled point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-sp">units of length sp</anchor>
<para>Scaled point, 1/65536 pt
</para>
@@ -12039,9 +12397,9 @@
than being an absolute dimension.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="575" mergedindex="cp">ex</indexterm>ex</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">x-height</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">ex</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="589" mergedindex="cp">ex</indexterm>ex</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">x-height</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">ex</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="Lengths_002fex">Lengths/ex</anchor>
<anchor name="units-of-length-ex">units of length ex</anchor>
<para>The x-height of the current font <dfn>ex</dfn>, traditionally the
@@ -12048,9 +12406,9 @@
height of the lowercase letter x, is often used for vertical
lengths.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="576" mergedindex="cp">em</indexterm>em</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">m-width</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">em</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="590" mergedindex="cp">em</indexterm>em</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622">m-width</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623">em</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="Lengths_002fem">Lengths/em</anchor>
<anchor name="units-of-length-em">units of length em</anchor>
<para>Similarly <dfn>em</dfn>, traditionally the width of the capital
@@ -12059,8 +12417,8 @@
have 1<dmn>em</dmn> = 10<dmn>pt</dmn>. &latex; has several commands to produce
horizontal spaces based on the em (<pxref label="_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad"><xrefnodename>\enspace & \quad & \qquad</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="577" mergedindex="cp">mu</indexterm>mu</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">mu, math unit</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="591" mergedindex="cp">mu</indexterm>mu</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624">mu, math unit</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-mu">units of length mu</anchor>
<para>Finally, in math mode, many definitions are expressed in terms
of the math unit <dfn>mu</dfn>, defined by 1<dmn>em</dmn> = 18<dmn>mu</dmn>, where the
@@ -12079,8 +12437,8 @@
<node name="_005csetlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\setlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtolength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Units of length</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setlength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="578" mergedindex="cp">\setlength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="592" mergedindex="cp">\setlength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12116,8 +12474,8 @@
<node name="_005caddtolength" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtolength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settodepth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtolength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="579" mergedindex="cp">\addtolength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="593" mergedindex="cp">\addtolength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12160,7 +12518,7 @@
<node name="_005csettodepth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settodepth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settoheight</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtolength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settodepth</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="580" mergedindex="cp">\settodepth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="594" mergedindex="cp">\settodepth</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12193,7 +12551,7 @@
<node name="_005csettoheight" spaces=" "><nodename>\settoheight</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settowidth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settodepth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settoheight</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="581" mergedindex="cp">\settoheight</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="595" mergedindex="cp">\settoheight</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12227,7 +12585,7 @@
<node name="_005csettowidth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settowidth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stretch</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settoheight</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settowidth</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="582" mergedindex="cp">\settowidth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="596" mergedindex="cp">\settowidth</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12261,7 +12619,7 @@
<node name="_005cstretch" spaces=" "><nodename>\stretch</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Expressions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settowidth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stretch</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="583" mergedindex="cp">\stretch</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="597" mergedindex="cp">\stretch</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12308,7 +12666,7 @@
<node name="Expressions" spaces=" "><nodename>Expressions</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stretch</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Expressions</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="584" mergedindex="cp">expressions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="598" mergedindex="cp">expressions</indexterm></findex>
<!-- c Much from Joseph Wright's https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/245663/339 -->
<para>Synopsis, one of:
@@ -12420,8 +12778,8 @@
<node name="Making-paragraphs" spaces=" "><nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math formulas</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Lengths</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Making paragraphs</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
<para>To start a paragraph, just type some text. To end the current
paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, the
@@ -12494,10 +12852,10 @@
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\par</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">End the current paragraph.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\indent & \noindent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Go into horizontal mode, possibly with an indent.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\parindent & \parskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space added before paragraphs.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Marginal notes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put remarks in the margin.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\par</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">End the current paragraph.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\indent & \noindent</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Go into horizontal mode, possibly with an indent.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\parindent & \parskip</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space added before paragraphs.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Marginal notes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put remarks in the margin.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -12504,8 +12862,8 @@
<node name="_005cpar" spaces=" "><nodename>\par</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\indent & \noindent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\par</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="585" mergedindex="cp">\par</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591">paragraph, ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="599" mergedindex="cp">\par</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629">paragraph, ending</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts any sequence
of one or more blank lines to a <code>\par</code>, <ref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making paragraphs</xrefnodename></ref>):
@@ -12571,9 +12929,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cindent">\indent</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cnoindent">\noindent</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="586" mergedindex="cp">\indent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="587" mergedindex="cp">\noindent</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="600" mergedindex="cp">\indent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="601" mergedindex="cp">\noindent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12621,14 +12979,14 @@
\noindent shows this clearly.
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="588" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="602" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
<para>To omit indentation in the entire document put
<code>\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}</code> in the preamble. If you do that,
you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
<code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent & \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Default &latex; styles have the first paragraph after a section that is
not indented, as is traditional typesetting in English. To change that,
@@ -12641,11 +12999,11 @@
<anchor name="_005cparindent">\parindent</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cparskip">\parskip</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="589" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="590" mergedindex="cp">\parskip</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595">paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596">horizontal paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="603" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="604" mergedindex="cp">\parskip</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633">paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634">horizontal paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -12689,10 +13047,10 @@
<node name="Marginal-notes" spaces=" "><nodename>Marginal notes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\parindent & \parskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Marginal notes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="591" mergedindex="cp">\marginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="605" mergedindex="cp">\marginpar</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -12713,8 +13071,8 @@
outside margin. If you are in two-column layout (document option
<code>twocolumn</code>) then it goes in the nearest margin.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="592" mergedindex="cp">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="593" mergedindex="cp">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="606" mergedindex="cp">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="607" mergedindex="cp">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex>
<para>If you declare <code>\reversemarginpar</code> then &latex; will place
subsequent marginal notes in the opposite margin to that given in the
prior paragraph. Revert that to the default position with
@@ -12731,18 +13089,18 @@
<para>These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="594" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="608" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparpush">marginal notes marginparpush</anchor>
<para>Minimum vertical space between notes; default <samp>7pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>
documents, <samp>5pt</samp> else. See also <ref label="page-layout-parameters-marginparpush"><xrefnodename>page layout parameters
marginparpush</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="595" mergedindex="cp">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="609" mergedindex="cp">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparsep">marginal notes marginparsep</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
<samp>11pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp> documents, <samp>10pt</samp> else.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="596" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="610" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparwidth">marginal notes marginparwidth</anchor>
<para>Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided <samp>10pt</samp> document
is <samp>90pt</samp>, <samp>83pt</samp> for <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>68pt</samp> for
@@ -12763,17 +13121,17 @@
<node name="Math-formulas" spaces=" "><nodename>Math formulas</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Modes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math formulas</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601">math formulas</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="597" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="598" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639">math formulas</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="611" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="612" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="599" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="600" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="613" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="614" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="601" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="602" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="615" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="616" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Produce mathematical text by putting &latex; into math mode or display
@@ -12847,14 +13205,14 @@
\end{displaymath}</code>. These environments can only be used in paragraph
mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
@@ -12865,14 +13223,14 @@
see their documentation on CTAN.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponents or indices.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various mathematical squiggles.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math functions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math function names like sin and exp.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Accents in math.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Over- and Underlining</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Things over or under formulas.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Spacing in math mode</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Determine the size of things.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math miscellany</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stuff that doesn&textrsquo;t fit anywhere else.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponents or indices.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math symbols</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various mathematical squiggles.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math functions</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math function names like sin and exp.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math accents</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Accents in math.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Over- or under math</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Lines, braces, arrows over/under formulas.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Spacing in math mode</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math styles</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Determine the size of things.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Math miscellany</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stuff that doesn&textrsquo;t fit anywhere else.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -12881,11 +13239,11 @@
<anchor name="superscript">superscript</anchor>
<anchor name="subscript">subscript</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610">superscript</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611">subscript</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="603" mergedindex="cp">^ <r>superscript</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="604" mergedindex="cp">_ <r>subscript</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612">exponent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648">superscript</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649">subscript</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="617" mergedindex="cp">^ <r>superscript</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="618" mergedindex="cp">_ <r>subscript</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650">exponent</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (in math mode or display math mode), one of:
</para>
@@ -12957,8 +13315,8 @@
display math mode, as in <code>the expression x^2</code>, will get you
the &tex; error <samp>Missing $ inserted</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613"><r>package</r>, <code>mhchem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614"><code>mhchem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651"><r>package</r>, <code>mhchem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652"><code>mhchem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that, such as
@@ -12969,12 +13327,12 @@
<node name="Math-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Math symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math functions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Subscripts & superscripts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math symbols</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615">math symbols</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653">math symbols</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655">greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618"><r>package</r>, <code>comprehensive</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619"><code>comprehensive</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656"><r>package</r>, <code>comprehensive</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657"><code>comprehensive</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that
@@ -12994,26 +13352,26 @@
<!-- c Useful: http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-math-970515/section6.html -->
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="605" mergedindex="cp">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="619" mergedindex="cp">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2225</U> Parallel (relation). Synonym: <code>\parallel</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="606" mergedindex="cp">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="620" mergedindex="cp">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2135</U> Aleph, transfinite cardinal (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="607" mergedindex="cp">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="621" mergedindex="cp">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B1</U> Lowercase Greek letter alpha (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="608" mergedindex="cp">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="622" mergedindex="cp">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A3F</U> Disjoint union (binary)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="609" mergedindex="cp">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="623" mergedindex="cp">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2220</U> Geometric angle (ordinary). Similar: less-than
sign <code><</code> and angle bracket <code>\langle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="610" mergedindex="cp">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="624" mergedindex="cp">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2248</U> Almost equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="611" mergedindex="cp">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="625" mergedindex="cp">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2217</U> Asterisk operator, convolution, six-pointed
(binary). Synonym: <code>*</code>, which is often a superscript or
subscript, as in the Kleene star. Similar: <code>\star</code>, which is
@@ -13020,159 +13378,159 @@
five-pointed, and is sometimes used as a general binary operation, and
sometimes reserved for cross-correlation.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="612" mergedindex="cp">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="626" mergedindex="cp">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>224D</U> Asymptotically equivalent (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="613" mergedindex="cp">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="627" mergedindex="cp">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>\ Backslash (ordinary). Similar: set minus <code>\setminus</code>, and
<code>\textbackslash</code> for backslash outside of math mode.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="614" mergedindex="cp">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="628" mergedindex="cp">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B2</U> Lowercase Greek letter beta (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="615" mergedindex="cp">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="629" mergedindex="cp">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C2</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, intersection (operator). Similar:
binary intersection <code>\cap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="616" mergedindex="cp">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="630" mergedindex="cp">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>26AA</U> Circle, larger (binary). Similar: function
composition <code>\circ</code>.
<!-- c bb Best unicode symbol for this? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="617" mergedindex="cp">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="631" mergedindex="cp">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C3</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, union (operator). Similar: binary
union <code>\cup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="618" mergedindex="cp">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="632" mergedindex="cp">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A00</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled dot operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="619" mergedindex="cp">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="633" mergedindex="cp">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A01</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled plus operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="620" mergedindex="cp">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="634" mergedindex="cp">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A02</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled times operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="621" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="635" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25BD</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
pointing down (binary). Synonym: <var>\varbigtriangledown</var>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="622" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="636" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B3</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
pointing up (binary). Synonym: <var>\varbigtriangleup</var>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="623" mergedindex="cp">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="637" mergedindex="cp">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A06</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, square union (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="624" mergedindex="cp">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="638" mergedindex="cp">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A04</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, union operator with a plus
(operator). (Note that the name has only one p.)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="625" mergedindex="cp">\bigvee</indexterm>\bigvee</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="639" mergedindex="cp">\bigvee</indexterm>\bigvee</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C1</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-or (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="626" mergedindex="cp">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="640" mergedindex="cp">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C0</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-and (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="627" mergedindex="cp">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="641" mergedindex="cp">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A5</U>, Up tack, bottom, least element of a partially ordered
set, or a contradiction (ordinary). See also <code>\top</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="628" mergedindex="cp">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="642" mergedindex="cp">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C8</U> Natural join of two relations (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="629" mergedindex="cp">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="643" mergedindex="cp">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25A1</U> Modal operator for necessity; square open box
(ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
<!-- c bb Best Unicode equivalent? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="630" mergedindex="cp">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="644" mergedindex="cp">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2022</U> Bullet (binary). Similar: multiplication
dot <code>\cdot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="631" mergedindex="cp">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="645" mergedindex="cp">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2229</U> Intersection of two sets (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigcap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="632" mergedindex="cp">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="646" mergedindex="cp">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C5</U> Multiplication (binary). Similar: Bullet
dot <code>\bullet</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="633" mergedindex="cp">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="647" mergedindex="cp">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C7</U> Lowercase Greek chi (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="634" mergedindex="cp">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="648" mergedindex="cp">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2218</U> Function composition, ring operator (binary). Similar:
variable-sized operator <code>\bigcirc</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="635" mergedindex="cp">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="649" mergedindex="cp">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2663</U> Club card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="636" mergedindex="cp">\complement</indexterm>\complement</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="650" mergedindex="cp">\complement</indexterm>\complement</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2201</U>, Set complement, used as a superscript as in
<code>$S^\complement$</code> (ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package. Also used:
<code>$S^{\mathsf{c}}$</code> or <code>$\bar{S}$</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="637" mergedindex="cp">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="651" mergedindex="cp">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2245</U> Congruent (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="638" mergedindex="cp">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="652" mergedindex="cp">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2210</U> Coproduct (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="639" mergedindex="cp">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="653" mergedindex="cp">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222A</U> Union of two sets (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigcup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="640" mergedindex="cp">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="654" mergedindex="cp">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2020</U> Dagger relation (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="641" mergedindex="cp">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="655" mergedindex="cp">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A3</U> Dash with vertical, reversed turnstile (relation). Similar:
turnstile <code>\vdash</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="642" mergedindex="cp">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="656" mergedindex="cp">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2021</U> Double dagger relation (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="643" mergedindex="cp">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="657" mergedindex="cp">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>0394</U> Greek uppercase delta, used for increment (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="644" mergedindex="cp">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="658" mergedindex="cp">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B4</U> Greek lowercase delta (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="645" mergedindex="cp">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="659" mergedindex="cp">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C7</U> Large diamond operator (ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="646" mergedindex="cp">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="660" mergedindex="cp">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C4</U> Diamond operator (binary). Similar: large
diamond <code>\Diamond</code>, circle bullet <code>\bullet</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="647" mergedindex="cp">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="661" mergedindex="cp">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2662</U> Diamond card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="648" mergedindex="cp">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="662" mergedindex="cp">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00F7</U> Division sign (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="649" mergedindex="cp">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="663" mergedindex="cp">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2250</U> Approaches the limit (relation). Similar: geometrically equal
to <code>\Doteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="650" mergedindex="cp">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="664" mergedindex="cp">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2193</U> Down arrow, converges (relation). Similar:
<code>\Downarrow</code> double line down arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="651" mergedindex="cp">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="665" mergedindex="cp">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D3</U> Double line down arrow (relation). Similar:
<code>\downarrow</code> single line down arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="652" mergedindex="cp">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="666" mergedindex="cp">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2113</U> Lowercase cursive letter l (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="653" mergedindex="cp">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="667" mergedindex="cp">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2205</U> Empty set symbol (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varnothing</code>.
<!-- c bb Why Unicode has \revemptyset but no \emptyset? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="654" mergedindex="cp">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="668" mergedindex="cp">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03F5</U> Lowercase lunate epsilon (ordinary). Similar to
Greek text letter. More widely used in mathematics is the script small
letter epsilon <code>\varepsilon</code> <U>03B5</U>. Related:
@@ -13180,127 +13538,127 @@
<!-- c src: David Carlisle http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/98018/339 and -->
<!-- c Unicode referenced there asserts varepsilon is much more widely used. -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="655" mergedindex="cp">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="669" mergedindex="cp">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2261</U> Equivalence (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="656" mergedindex="cp">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="670" mergedindex="cp">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B7</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="657" mergedindex="cp">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="671" mergedindex="cp">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2203</U> Existential quantifier (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="658" mergedindex="cp">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="672" mergedindex="cp">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266D</U> Musical flat (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="659" mergedindex="cp">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="673" mergedindex="cp">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2200</U> Universal quantifier (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="660" mergedindex="cp">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="674" mergedindex="cp">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2322</U> Downward curving arc (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="661" mergedindex="cp">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="675" mergedindex="cp">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>0393</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="662" mergedindex="cp">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="676" mergedindex="cp">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B3</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="663" mergedindex="cp">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="677" mergedindex="cp">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2265</U> Greater than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\geq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="664" mergedindex="cp">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="678" mergedindex="cp">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2265</U> Greater than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\ge</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="665" mergedindex="cp">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="679" mergedindex="cp">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2190</U> Is assigned the value (relation).
Synonym: <code>\leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="666" mergedindex="cp">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="680" mergedindex="cp">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>226B</U> Much greater than (relation). Similar: much less
than <code>\ll</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="667" mergedindex="cp">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="681" mergedindex="cp">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>210F</U> Planck constant over two pi (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="668" mergedindex="cp">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="682" mergedindex="cp">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2661</U> Heart card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="669" mergedindex="cp">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="683" mergedindex="cp">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21A9</U> Hooked left arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="670" mergedindex="cp">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="684" mergedindex="cp">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21AA</U> Hooked right arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="671" mergedindex="cp">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="685" mergedindex="cp">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F7</U> If and only if (relation). It is <code>\Longleftrightarrow</code>
with a <code>\thickmuskip</code> on either side.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="672" mergedindex="cp">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="686" mergedindex="cp">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2111</U> Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part <code>\Re</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="673" mergedindex="cp">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="687" mergedindex="cp">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="674" mergedindex="cp">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="688" mergedindex="cp">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2208</U> Set element (relation). See also: lowercase lunate
epsilon <code>\epsilon</code><U>03F5</U> and small letter script
epsilon <code>\varepsilon</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="675" mergedindex="cp">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="689" mergedindex="cp">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221E</U> Infinity (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="676" mergedindex="cp">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="690" mergedindex="cp">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222B</U> Integral (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="677" mergedindex="cp">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="691" mergedindex="cp">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B9</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="678" mergedindex="cp">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="692" mergedindex="cp">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A1D</U> Condensed bowtie symbol (relation). Not available in Plain
&tex;.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="679" mergedindex="cp">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="693" mergedindex="cp">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="680" mergedindex="cp">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="694" mergedindex="cp">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BA</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="681" mergedindex="cp">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="695" mergedindex="cp">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>039B</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="682" mergedindex="cp">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="696" mergedindex="cp">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BB</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="683" mergedindex="cp">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="697" mergedindex="cp">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2227</U> Logical and (binary). Synonym: <code>\wedge</code>.
See also logical or <code>\lor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="684" mergedindex="cp">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="698" mergedindex="cp">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27E8</U> Left angle, or sequence, bracket (opening). Similar:
less-than <code><</code>. Matches <code>\rangle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="685" mergedindex="cp">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="699" mergedindex="cp">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007B</U> Left curly brace
(opening). Synonym: <code>\{</code>. Matches <code>\rbrace</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="686" mergedindex="cp">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="700" mergedindex="cp">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>005B</U> Left square bracket (opening).
Synonym: <code>[</code>. Matches <code>\rbrack</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="687" mergedindex="cp">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="701" mergedindex="cp">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2308</U> Left ceiling bracket, like a square bracket but with the bottom
shaved off (opening). Matches <code>\rceil</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="688" mergedindex="cp">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="702" mergedindex="cp">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2264</U> Less than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="689" mergedindex="cp">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="703" mergedindex="cp">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21DD</U> Squiggly right arrow (relation).
To get this symbol outside of math mode you can put
<code>\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}</code> in the
@@ -13307,78 +13665,78 @@
preamble and then use <code>\Leadsto</code> instead.
<!-- c bb Best Unicode equivalent? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="690" mergedindex="cp">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="704" mergedindex="cp">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D0</U> Is implied by, double-line left arrow (relation). Similar:
single-line left arrow <code>\leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="691" mergedindex="cp">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="705" mergedindex="cp">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2190</U> Single-line left arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\gets</code>. Similar: double-line left
arrow <code>\Leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="692" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="706" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BD</U> Single-line left harpoon, barb under bar (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="693" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="707" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BC</U> Single-line left harpoon, barb over bar (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="694" mergedindex="cp">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="708" mergedindex="cp">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D4</U> Bi-implication; double-line double-headed arrow (relation).
Similar: single-line double headed arrow <code>\leftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="695" mergedindex="cp">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="709" mergedindex="cp">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2194</U> Single-line double-headed arrow (relation). Similar:
double-line double headed arrow <code>\Leftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="696" mergedindex="cp">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="710" mergedindex="cp">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2264</U> Less than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\le</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="697" mergedindex="cp">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="711" mergedindex="cp">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>230A</U> Left floor bracket (opening). Matches: <code>\floor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="698" mergedindex="cp">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="712" mergedindex="cp">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary).
For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
<code>amssymb</code> and use <code>\vartriangleleft</code> (which is a relation
and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="699" mergedindex="cp">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="713" mergedindex="cp">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>226A</U> Much less than (relation). Similar: much greater
than <code>\gg</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="700" mergedindex="cp">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="714" mergedindex="cp">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00AC</U> Logical negation (ordinary). Synonym: <code>\neg</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="701" mergedindex="cp">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="715" mergedindex="cp">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F5</U> Long single-line left arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line left arrow <code>\Longleftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="702" mergedindex="cp">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="716" mergedindex="cp">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F7</U> Long single-line double-headed arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line double-headed arrow <code>\Longleftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="703" mergedindex="cp">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="717" mergedindex="cp">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27FC</U> Long single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
(relation). Similar: shorter version <code>\mapsto</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="704" mergedindex="cp">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="718" mergedindex="cp">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F6</U> Long single-line right arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line right arrow <code>\Longrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="705" mergedindex="cp">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="719" mergedindex="cp">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2228</U> Logical or (binary). Synonym: <code>\vee</code>.
See also logical and <code>\land</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="706" mergedindex="cp">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="720" mergedindex="cp">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21A6</U> Single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
(relation).
Similar: longer version <code>\longmapsto</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="707" mergedindex="cp">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="721" mergedindex="cp">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2127</U> Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="708" mergedindex="cp">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="722" mergedindex="cp">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2223</U> Single-line vertical bar (relation). A typical use of
<code>\mid</code> is for a set <code>\{\, x \mid x\geq 5 \,\}</code>.
</para>
@@ -13388,42 +13746,42 @@
ordinals, i.e., footnote symbols. For absolute value, see the entry
for <code>\vert</code> and for norm see the entry for <code>\Vert</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="709" mergedindex="cp">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="723" mergedindex="cp">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A8</U> Entails, or satisfies; double turnstile, short double dash
(relation). Similar: long double dash <code>\vDash</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="710" mergedindex="cp">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="724" mergedindex="cp">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2213</U> Minus or plus (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="711" mergedindex="cp">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="725" mergedindex="cp">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BC</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="712" mergedindex="cp">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="726" mergedindex="cp">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2207</U> Hamilton&textrsquo;s del, or differential, operator (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="713" mergedindex="cp">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="727" mergedindex="cp">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266E</U> Musical natural notation (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="714" mergedindex="cp">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="728" mergedindex="cp">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2260</U> Not equal (relation). Synonym: <code>\neq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="715" mergedindex="cp">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="729" mergedindex="cp">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2197</U> North-east arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="716" mergedindex="cp">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="730" mergedindex="cp">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00AC</U> Logical negation (ordinary).
Synonym: <code>\lnot</code>. Sometimes instead used for
negation: <code>\sim</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="717" mergedindex="cp">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="731" mergedindex="cp">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2260</U> Not equal (relation). Synonym: <code>\ne</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="718" mergedindex="cp">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="732" mergedindex="cp">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220B</U> Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
(relation). Synonym: <code>\owns</code>. Similar: is a member
of <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="719" mergedindex="cp">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="733" mergedindex="cp">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><!-- c the "@ "s put in spaces so the not slash doesn't hit the next char. -->
<para><U>0020</U><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/>Long solidus, or slash, used to overstrike a
following operator (relation).
@@ -13432,85 +13790,85 @@
particularly with the <code>amssymb</code> package. For example, <code>\notin</code>
is typographically preferable to <code>\not\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="720" mergedindex="cp">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="734" mergedindex="cp">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2209</U> Not an element of (relation). Similar: not subset
of <code>\nsubseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="721" mergedindex="cp">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="735" mergedindex="cp">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BD</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="722" mergedindex="cp">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="736" mergedindex="cp">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2196</U> North-west arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="723" mergedindex="cp">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="737" mergedindex="cp">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2299</U> Dot inside a circle (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigodot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="724" mergedindex="cp">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="738" mergedindex="cp">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222E</U> Contour integral, integral with circle in the middle
(operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="725" mergedindex="cp">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="739" mergedindex="cp">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A9</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="726" mergedindex="cp">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="740" mergedindex="cp">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C9</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="727" mergedindex="cp">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="741" mergedindex="cp">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2296</U> Minus sign, or dash, inside a circle (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="728" mergedindex="cp">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="742" mergedindex="cp">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2295</U> Plus sign inside a circle (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigoplus</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="729" mergedindex="cp">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="743" mergedindex="cp">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2298</U> Solidus, or slash, inside a circle (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="730" mergedindex="cp">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="744" mergedindex="cp">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2297</U> Times sign, or cross, inside a circle (binary). Similar:
variable-sized operator <code>\bigotimes</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="731" mergedindex="cp">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="745" mergedindex="cp">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220B</U> Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
(relation). Synonym: <code>\ni</code>. Similar: is a member
of <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="732" mergedindex="cp">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="746" mergedindex="cp">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2225</U> Parallel (relation). Synonym: <code>\|</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="733" mergedindex="cp">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="747" mergedindex="cp">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2202</U> Partial differential (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="734" mergedindex="cp">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="748" mergedindex="cp">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27C2</U> Perpendicular (relation). Similar: <code>\bot</code> uses the
same glyph but the spacing is different because it is in the class
ordinary.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="735" mergedindex="cp">\Phi</indexterm>\Phi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="749" mergedindex="cp">\Phi</indexterm>\Phi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A6</U> Uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="736" mergedindex="cp">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="750" mergedindex="cp">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D5</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varphi</code> <U>03C6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="737" mergedindex="cp">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="751" mergedindex="cp">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A0</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="738" mergedindex="cp">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="752" mergedindex="cp">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C0</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varpi</code> <U>03D6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="739" mergedindex="cp">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="753" mergedindex="cp">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00B1</U> Plus or minus (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="740" mergedindex="cp">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="754" mergedindex="cp">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>227A</U> Precedes (relation). Similar: less than <code><</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="741" mergedindex="cp">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="755" mergedindex="cp">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2AAF</U> Precedes or equals (relation). Similar: less than or
equals <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="742" mergedindex="cp">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="756" mergedindex="cp">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2032</U> Prime, or minute in a time expression (ordinary).
Typically used as a superscript: <code>$f^\prime$</code>; <code>$f^\prime$</code>
and <code>$f'$</code> produce the same result. An advantage of the second
@@ -13520,141 +13878,141 @@
single quote <code>'</code> in text mode produces a different character
(apostrophe).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="743" mergedindex="cp">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="757" mergedindex="cp">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220F</U> Product (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="744" mergedindex="cp">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="758" mergedindex="cp">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221D</U> Is proportional to (relation)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="745" mergedindex="cp">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="759" mergedindex="cp">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A8</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="746" mergedindex="cp">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="760" mergedindex="cp">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C8</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="747" mergedindex="cp">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="761" mergedindex="cp">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27E9</U> Right angle, or sequence, bracket (closing).
Similar: greater than <code>></code>. Matches:<code>\langle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="748" mergedindex="cp">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="762" mergedindex="cp">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007D</U> Right curly brace
(closing). Synonym: <code>\}</code>. Matches <code>\lbrace</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="749" mergedindex="cp">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="763" mergedindex="cp">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>005D</U> Right square bracket
(closing). Synonym: <code>]</code>. Matches <code>\lbrack</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="750" mergedindex="cp">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="764" mergedindex="cp">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2309</U> Right ceiling bracket (closing). Matches <code>\lceil</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="751" mergedindex="cp">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="765" mergedindex="cp">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>211C</U> Real part, real numbers, cursive capital R (ordinary). Related:
double-line, or blackboard bold, R <code>\mathbb{R}</code>; to access
this, load the <code>amsfonts</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="752" mergedindex="cp">\restriction</indexterm>\restriction</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="766" mergedindex="cp">\restriction</indexterm>\restriction</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BE</U>, Restriction of a function (relation). Synonym:
<code>\upharpoonright</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="753" mergedindex="cp">\revemptyset</indexterm>\revemptyset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="767" mergedindex="cp">\revemptyset</indexterm>\revemptyset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>29B0</U>, Reversed empty set symbol (ordinary). Related:
<code>\varnothing</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>stix</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="754" mergedindex="cp">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="768" mergedindex="cp">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>230B</U> Right floor bracket, a right square bracket with the top cut
off (closing). Matches <code>\lfloor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="755" mergedindex="cp">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="769" mergedindex="cp">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary).
For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead
load <code>amssymb</code> and use <code>\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="756" mergedindex="cp">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="770" mergedindex="cp">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C1</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varrho</code> <U>03F1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="757" mergedindex="cp">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="771" mergedindex="cp">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D2</U> Implies, right-pointing double line arrow
(relation). Similar: right single-line arrow <code>\rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="758" mergedindex="cp">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="772" mergedindex="cp">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2192</U> Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\to</code>. Similar: right double line
arrow <code>\Rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="759" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="773" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21C1</U> Right-pointing harpoon with barb below
the line (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="760" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="774" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21C0</U> Right-pointing harpoon with barb above the
line (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="761" mergedindex="cp">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="775" mergedindex="cp">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21CC</U> Right harpoon up above left harpoon down
(relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="762" mergedindex="cp">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="776" mergedindex="cp">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2198</U> Arrow pointing southeast (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="763" mergedindex="cp">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="777" mergedindex="cp">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>29F5</U> Set difference, reverse solidus or reverse slash,
like \ (binary). Similar: backslash <code>\backslash</code> and also
<code>\textbackslash</code> outside of math mode.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="764" mergedindex="cp">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="778" mergedindex="cp">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266F</U> Musical sharp (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="765" mergedindex="cp">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="779" mergedindex="cp">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A3</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="766" mergedindex="cp">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="780" mergedindex="cp">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C3</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varsigma</code> <U>03C2</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="767" mergedindex="cp">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="781" mergedindex="cp">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>223C</U> Similar, in a relation (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="768" mergedindex="cp">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="782" mergedindex="cp">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2243</U> Similar or equal to, in a relation (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="769" mergedindex="cp">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="783" mergedindex="cp">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222B</U> Integral sign that does not change to a larger size in a
display (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="770" mergedindex="cp">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="784" mergedindex="cp">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2323</U> Upward curving arc, smile (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="771" mergedindex="cp">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="785" mergedindex="cp">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2660</U> Spade card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="772" mergedindex="cp">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="786" mergedindex="cp">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2293</U> Square intersection symbol (binary). Similar:
intersection <code>cap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="773" mergedindex="cp">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="787" mergedindex="cp">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2294</U> Square union symbol (binary). Similar:
union <code>cup</code>. Related: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigsqcup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="774" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="788" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>228F</U>, Square subset symbol (relation). Similar:
subset <code>\subset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="775" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="789" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2291</U> Square subset or equal symbol (binary). Similar: subset or
equal to <code>\subseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="776" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="790" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2290</U>, Square superset symbol (relation). Similar:
superset <code>\supset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="777" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="791" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2292</U> Square superset or equal symbol (binary).
Similar: superset or equal <code>\supseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="778" mergedindex="cp">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="792" mergedindex="cp">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C6</U> Five-pointed star, sometimes used as a general binary
operation but sometimes reserved for cross-correlation (binary).
Similar: the synonyms asterisk <code>*</code> and <code>\ast</code>, which
@@ -13661,73 +14019,73 @@
are six-pointed, and more often appear as a superscript or subscript,
as with the Kleene star.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="779" mergedindex="cp">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="793" mergedindex="cp">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2282</U> Subset (occasionally, is implied by) (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="780" mergedindex="cp">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="794" mergedindex="cp">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2286</U> Subset or equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="781" mergedindex="cp">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="795" mergedindex="cp">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>227B</U> Comes after, succeeds (relation). Similar: is less
than <code>></code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="782" mergedindex="cp">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="796" mergedindex="cp">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2AB0</U> Succeeds or is equal to (relation). Similar: less
than or equal to <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="783" mergedindex="cp">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="797" mergedindex="cp">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2211</U> Summation (operator). Similar: Greek capital
sigma <code>\Sigma</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="784" mergedindex="cp">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="798" mergedindex="cp">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2283</U> Superset (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="785" mergedindex="cp">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="799" mergedindex="cp">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2287</U> Superset or equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="786" mergedindex="cp">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="800" mergedindex="cp">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221A</U> Radical symbol (ordinary). The &latex; command
<code>\sqrt{...}</code> typesets the square root of the argument, with a bar
that extends to cover the argument.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="787" mergedindex="cp">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="801" mergedindex="cp">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2199</U> Southwest-pointing arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="788" mergedindex="cp">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="802" mergedindex="cp">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C4</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="789" mergedindex="cp">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="803" mergedindex="cp">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B8</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\vartheta</code> <U>03D1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="790" mergedindex="cp">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="804" mergedindex="cp">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00D7</U> Primary school multiplication sign (binary). See
also <code>\cdot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="791" mergedindex="cp">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="805" mergedindex="cp">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2192</U> Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="792" mergedindex="cp">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="806" mergedindex="cp">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A4</U> Top, greatest element of a partially ordered set
(ordinary). See also <code>\bot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="793" mergedindex="cp">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="807" mergedindex="cp">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B3</U> Triangle (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="794" mergedindex="cp">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="808" mergedindex="cp">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Not-filled triangle pointing left
(binary). Similar: <code>\lhd</code>. For the normal subgroup symbol you
should load <code>amssymb</code> and use <code>\vartriangleleft</code> (which
is a relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="795" mergedindex="cp">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="809" mergedindex="cp">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B7</U> Not-filled triangle pointing right
(binary). For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load
<code>amssymb</code> and use <code>\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="796" mergedindex="cp">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="810" mergedindex="cp">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22B4</U> Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <code>amssymb</code> and
@@ -13734,7 +14092,7 @@
use <code>\vartrianglelefteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="797" mergedindex="cp">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="811" mergedindex="cp">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22B5</U> Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <code>amssymb</code> and
@@ -13741,113 +14099,113 @@
use <code>\vartrianglerighteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="798" mergedindex="cp">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="812" mergedindex="cp">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D1</U> Double-line upward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: single-line up-pointing
arrow <code>\uparrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="799" mergedindex="cp">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="813" mergedindex="cp">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2191</U> Single-line upward-pointing arrow, diverges
(relation). Similar: double-line up-pointing
arrow <code>\Uparrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="800" mergedindex="cp">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="814" mergedindex="cp">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D5</U> Double-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: single-line upward-and-downward-pointing
arrow <code>\updownarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="801" mergedindex="cp">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="815" mergedindex="cp">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2195</U> Single-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: double-line upward-and-downward-pointing
arrow <code>\Updownarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="802" mergedindex="cp">\upharpoonright</indexterm>\upharpoonright</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="816" mergedindex="cp">\upharpoonright</indexterm>\upharpoonright</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BE</U>, Up harpoon, with barb on right side
(relation). Synonym: <code>&backslashchar;restriction</code>.
Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="803" mergedindex="cp">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="817" mergedindex="cp">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>228E</U> Multiset union, a union symbol with a plus symbol in
the middle (binary). Similar: union <code>\cup</code>. Related:
variable-sized operator <code>\biguplus</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="804" mergedindex="cp">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="818" mergedindex="cp">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A5</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="805" mergedindex="cp">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="819" mergedindex="cp">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C5</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="806" mergedindex="cp">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="820" mergedindex="cp">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B5</U> Small letter script epsilon (ordinary). This is
more widely used in mathematics than the non-variant lunate epsilon form
<code>\epsilon</code> <U>03F5</U>. Related: set
membership <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="807" mergedindex="cp">\vanothing</indexterm>\vanothing</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="821" mergedindex="cp">\vanothing</indexterm>\vanothing</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2205</U>, Empty set symbol. Similar: <code>\emptyset</code>. Related:
<code>\revemptyset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <code>amssymb</code> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="808" mergedindex="cp">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="822" mergedindex="cp">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C6</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\phi</code> <U>03D5</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="809" mergedindex="cp">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="823" mergedindex="cp">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D6</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\pi</code> <U>03C0</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="810" mergedindex="cp">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="824" mergedindex="cp">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03F1</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\rho</code> <U>03C1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="811" mergedindex="cp">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="825" mergedindex="cp">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C2</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
(ordinary). The non-variant form is
<code>\sigma</code> <U>03C3</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="812" mergedindex="cp">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="826" mergedindex="cp">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D1</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
(ordinary). The non-variant form is
<code>\theta</code> <U>03B8</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="813" mergedindex="cp">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="827" mergedindex="cp">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A2</U> Provable; turnstile, vertical and a dash
(relation). Similar: turnstile rotated a
half-circle <code>\dashv</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="814" mergedindex="cp">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="828" mergedindex="cp">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2228</U> Logical or; a downwards v shape (binary). Related:
logical and <code>\wedge</code>. Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigvee</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="815" mergedindex="cp">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="829" mergedindex="cp">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2016</U> Vertical double bar (ordinary). <xref label="Delimiters"><xrefnodename>Delimiters</xrefnodename></xref>,
for how to use the <code>mathtools</code> package to create flexibly-sized
norm symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="816" mergedindex="cp">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="830" mergedindex="cp">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007C</U> Single line vertical bar (ordinary). For &textldquo;such
that&textrdquo;, as in the definition of a set, use <code>\mid</code> because it
is a relation. <xref label="Delimiters"><xrefnodename>Delimiters</xrefnodename></xref>, for how to use the <code>mathtools</code>
package to create flexibly-sized absolute-value symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="817" mergedindex="cp">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="831" mergedindex="cp">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2227</U> Logical and (binary). Synonym: <code>\land</code>. See also
logical or <code>\vee</code>. Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigwedge</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="818" mergedindex="cp">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="832" mergedindex="cp">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2118</U> Weierstrass p (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="819" mergedindex="cp">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="833" mergedindex="cp">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2240</U> Wreath product (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="820" mergedindex="cp">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="834" mergedindex="cp">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>039E</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="821" mergedindex="cp">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="835" mergedindex="cp">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BE</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="822" mergedindex="cp">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="836" mergedindex="cp">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B6</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -13856,31 +14214,31 @@
provides versions to use in mathematical text.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="823" mergedindex="cp">\mathdollar</indexterm>\mathdollar</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="837" mergedindex="cp">\mathdollar</indexterm>\mathdollar</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Dollar sign in math mode: $.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="824" mergedindex="cp">\mathparagraph</indexterm>\mathparagraph</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="838" mergedindex="cp">\mathparagraph</indexterm>\mathparagraph</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, <U>00B6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="825" mergedindex="cp">\mathsection</indexterm>\mathsection</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="839" mergedindex="cp">\mathsection</indexterm>\mathsection</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Section sign in math mode: <U>00A7</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="826" mergedindex="cp">\mathsterling</indexterm>\mathsterling</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="840" mergedindex="cp">\mathsterling</indexterm>\mathsterling</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sterling sign in math mode: £.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="827" mergedindex="cp">\mathunderscore</indexterm>\mathunderscore</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="841" mergedindex="cp">\mathunderscore</indexterm>\mathunderscore</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Underscore in math mode: _.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Arrows</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of arrows.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\boldmath & \unboldmath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Symbols in boldface.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Blackboard bold</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Doublestruck characters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Calligraphic</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Cursive characters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Delimiters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parentheses, braces, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Dots</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ellipses, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Greek letters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of Greek letters.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Arrows</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of arrows.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\boldmath & \unboldmath</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Symbols in boldface.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Blackboard bold</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Doublestruck characters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Calligraphic</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Cursive characters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Delimiters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parentheses, braces, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Dots</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ellipses, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Greek letters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of Greek letters.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -13887,15 +14245,15 @@
<node name="Arrows" spaces=" "><nodename>Arrows</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Arrows</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623">arrows</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624">symbols, arrows</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="828" mergedindex="cp">math, arrows</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661">arrows</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662">symbols, arrows</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="842" mergedindex="cp">math, arrows</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627"><r>package</r>, <code>latexsym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628"><code>latexsym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665"><r>package</r>, <code>latexsym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666"><code>latexsym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the arrows that come with standard &latex;. The
<code>latexsym</code> and <code>amsfonts</code> packages contain many more.
@@ -13959,11 +14317,11 @@
<para>An example of the difference between <code>\to</code> and <code>\mapsto</code>
is: <code>\( f\colon D\to C \) given by \( n\mapsto n^2 \)</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629"><r>package</r>, <code>amscd</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630"><code>amscd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667"><r>package</r>, <code>amscd</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668"><code>amscd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631"><r>package</r>, <code>tikz-cd</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632"><code>tikz-cd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669"><r>package</r>, <code>tikz-cd</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670"><code>tikz-cd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For commutative diagrams there are a number of packages, including
<code>tikz-cd</code> and <code>amscd</code>.
@@ -13975,10 +14333,10 @@
<anchor name="_005cboldmath">\boldmath</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cunboldmath">\unboldmath</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="829" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="830" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633">boldface mathematics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634">mathematics, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="843" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="844" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">boldface mathematics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672">mathematics, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (used in paragraph mode or LR mode):
</para>
@@ -13993,8 +14351,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\unboldmath \( <var>math</var> \)
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="831" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="832" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="845" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="846" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
<para>Declarations to change the letters and symbols in <var>math</var> to be in
a bold font, or to countermand that and bring back the regular
(non-bold) default, respectively. They must be used when <emph>not</emph> in
@@ -14019,17 +14377,17 @@
Command \mathversion invalid in math mode</samp>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">bm</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The <code>bm</code> package for individual bold symbols.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">OpenType bold math</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"><code>FakeBold</code> or <code>\symbf</code>.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>bm</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The <code>bm</code> package for individual bold symbols.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>OpenType bold math</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"><code>FakeBold</code> or <code>\symbf</code>.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="bm" spaces=" "><nodename>bm</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">OpenType bold math</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodeup></node>
<subsubsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>bm</code>: Individual bold math symbols</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635"><r>package</r>, <code>bm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636"><code>bm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673"><r>package</r>, <code>bm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674"><code>bm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637">symbols, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675">symbols, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/974 -->
<para>Specifying <code>\boldmath</code> is the best method for typesetting a whole
@@ -14051,8 +14409,8 @@
<node name="OpenType-bold-math" spaces=" "><nodename>OpenType bold math</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">bm</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodeup></node>
<subsubsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>OpenType bold math</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638"><r>package</r>, <code>fontspec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639"><code>fontspec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676"><r>package</r>, <code>fontspec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677"><code>fontspec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Unfortunately, when using the Unicode engines (Xe&latex;,
@@ -14071,11 +14429,11 @@
drafting or informal distribution, but the results are far from a true
bold font.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="833" mergedindex="cp">\symbf</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="834" mergedindex="cp">\symbfit</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="847" mergedindex="cp">\symbf</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="848" mergedindex="cp">\symbfit</indexterm></findex>
<para>Another alternative to handling bold for OpenType math fonts is to use
the <code>\symbf</code> (bold), <code>\symbfit</code> (bold italic), and related
commands from the <code>unicode-math</code> package. These do not change
@@ -14090,8 +14448,8 @@
<node name="Blackboard-bold" spaces=" "><nodename>Blackboard bold</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Calligraphic</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Blackboard bold</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642">blackboard bold</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643">doublestruck</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">blackboard bold</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">doublestruck</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14127,9 +14485,9 @@
<node name="Calligraphic" spaces=" "><nodename>Calligraphic</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Delimiters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Blackboard bold</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Calligraphic</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644">calligraphic fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645">script fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646">fonts, script</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">calligraphic fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">script fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">fonts, script</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14154,11 +14512,11 @@
<node name="Delimiters" spaces=" "><nodename>Delimiters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Dots</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Calligraphic</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Delimiters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647">delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648">parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649">braces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650">curly braces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651">brackets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">braces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">curly braces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689">brackets</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Delimiters are parentheses, braces, or other characters used to mark
the start and end of subformulas. This formula has three sets of
@@ -14209,8 +14567,8 @@
<para><U>2016</U> </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>\|</code> or <code>\Vert</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>Double vertical bar
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>mathtools</code> package allows you to create commands for paired
delimiters. For instance, if you put
@@ -14227,8 +14585,8 @@
same behavior.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\left & \right</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatically sized delimiters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bigl & \bigr etc.</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Manually sized delimiters.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\left & \right</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatically sized delimiters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\bigl & \bigr etc.</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Manually sized delimiters.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -14237,13 +14595,13 @@
<anchor name="_005cleft">\left</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cright">\right</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="835" mergedindex="cp">\left</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="836" mergedindex="cp">\right</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="849" mergedindex="cp">\left</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="850" mergedindex="cp">\right</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c Credit: SE userPhilipp https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12793 -->
@@ -14276,11 +14634,11 @@
<samp>Extra \right</samp>. Leaving out the <code>\right)</code> gets <samp>You
can't use `\eqno' in math mode</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>However, <var>delimiter1</var> and <var>delimiter2</var> need not match. A common
case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period,
@@ -14391,16 +14749,16 @@
<anchor name="_005cbigl">\bigl</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cbigr">\bigr</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="837" mergedindex="cp">\bigl</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="838" mergedindex="cp">\bigr</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="851" mergedindex="cp">\bigl</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="852" mergedindex="cp">\bigr</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\bigl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
-\Bigl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
-\biggl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \biggr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
-\Biggl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \Biggr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\bigl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
+\Bigl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
+\biggl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \biggr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
+\Biggl<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter1</var> ... \Biggr<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter2</var>
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
@@ -14408,10 +14766,10 @@
paired, see below), or one of:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\bigm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\Bigm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\biggm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\Biggm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\bigm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\Bigm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\biggm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\Biggm<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
@@ -14418,10 +14776,10 @@
<para>(as with <code>\bigm|</code>), or one of:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\big<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\Big<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\bigg<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
-\Bigg<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\big<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\Big<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\bigg<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
+\Bigg<inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat><inlinefmtcontent>@tie{}</inlinefmtcontent></inlinefmt><var>delimiter</var>
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
@@ -14473,8 +14831,8 @@
\end{equation}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>(many authors would replace <code>\frac</code> with the <code>\tfrac</code> command
@@ -14515,8 +14873,8 @@
<node name="Dots" spaces=" "><nodename>Dots</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Greek letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Delimiters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Dots, horizontal or vertical</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665">ellipses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666">dots</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703">ellipses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704">dots</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
continues.
@@ -14533,20 +14891,20 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="ellipses-cdots">ellipses cdots</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="839" mergedindex="cp">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="853" mergedindex="cp">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line, as
in <U>22EF</U>. Used as: <code>\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_{n-1}
\)</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-ddots">ellipses ddots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="840" mergedindex="cp">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="854" mergedindex="cp">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Diagonal ellipsis, <U>22F1</U>. See the above array example for a
usage.
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-ldots">ellipses ldots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="841" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="842" mergedindex="cp">\mathellipsis</indexterm>\mathellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="843" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="855" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="856" mergedindex="cp">\mathellipsis</indexterm>\mathellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="857" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Ellipsis on the baseline, <U>2026</U>. Used as: <code>\(
x_0,\ldots x_{n-1} \)</code>. Another example is the above array example.
Synonyms are <code>\mathellipsis</code> and <code>\dots</code>. A synonym from
@@ -14556,14 +14914,14 @@
<code>The gears, brakes, \ldots{} are all broken</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-vdots">ellipses vdots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="844" mergedindex="cp">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="858" mergedindex="cp">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Vertical ellipsis, <U>22EE</U>. See the above array example for a
usage.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>amsmath</code> package has the command <code>\dots</code> to semantically
mark up ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs
@@ -14578,10 +14936,10 @@
Conclusion: there are infinitely many primes \( p_0, p_1, \dotsc \).
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="845" mergedindex="cp">\dotsc</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="846" mergedindex="cp">\dotsb</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="847" mergedindex="cp">\dotsi</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="848" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="859" mergedindex="cp">\dotsc</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="860" mergedindex="cp">\dotsb</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="861" mergedindex="cp">\dotsi</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="862" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm></findex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>In the first line &latex; looks to the comma following <code>\dots</code> to
determine that it should output an ellipsis on the baseline. The second
@@ -14595,8 +14953,8 @@
<code>\dotso</code> for others.
</para>
<!-- c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/976 -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\dots</code> command from <code>amsmath</code> differs from the
&latex; kernel&textrsquo;s <code>\dots</code> command in another way: it outputs a
@@ -14605,8 +14963,8 @@
<code>\dots</code> may be active even when you did not explicitly load it,
thus changing the output from <code>\dots</code> in both text and math mode.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026)</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672">ellipsis, traditional (three periods)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710">ellipsis, traditional (three periods)</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Yet more about the ellipsis commands: when running under Unicode
engines (<code>lualatex</code>, <code>xelatex</code>), &latex; will use the
Unicode ellipsis character (U+2026) in the font if it&textrsquo;s available;
@@ -14621,7 +14979,7 @@
<node name="Greek-letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Greek letters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Dots</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Greek letters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673">Greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711">Greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The upper case versions of these Greek letters are only shown when they
differ from Roman upper case letters.
@@ -14678,8 +15036,8 @@
<para><U>03C9</U>, <U>03A9</U></para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para><code>\omega</code>, <code>\Omega</code></para></entry><entry command="tab"> <para>Omega
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For omicron, if you are using &latex;&textrsquo;s default Computer Modern font
then enter omicron just as <samp>o</samp> or <samp>O</samp>. If you like having the
@@ -14697,107 +15055,107 @@
<node name="Math-functions" spaces=" "><nodename>Math functions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math functions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676">math functions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677">functions, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714">math functions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715">functions, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
spacing.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="849" mergedindex="cp">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="863" mergedindex="cp">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="850" mergedindex="cp">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="864" mergedindex="cp">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="851" mergedindex="cp">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="865" mergedindex="cp">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse tangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="852" mergedindex="cp">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="866" mergedindex="cp">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Angle between the real axis and a point in the complex plane
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="853" mergedindex="cp">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="867" mergedindex="cp">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Binary modulo operator, used as in <code>\( 5\bmod 3=2 \)</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="854" mergedindex="cp">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="868" mergedindex="cp">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="855" mergedindex="cp">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="869" mergedindex="cp">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="856" mergedindex="cp">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="870" mergedindex="cp">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cotangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="857" mergedindex="cp">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="871" mergedindex="cp">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic cotangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="858" mergedindex="cp">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="872" mergedindex="cp">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cosecant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="859" mergedindex="cp">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="873" mergedindex="cp">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Degrees
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="860" mergedindex="cp">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="874" mergedindex="cp">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Determinant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="861" mergedindex="cp">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="875" mergedindex="cp">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Dimension
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="862" mergedindex="cp">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="876" mergedindex="cp">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Exponential
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="863" mergedindex="cp">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="877" mergedindex="cp">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Greatest common divisor
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="864" mergedindex="cp">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="878" mergedindex="cp">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Homomorphism
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="865" mergedindex="cp">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="879" mergedindex="cp">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Infimum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="866" mergedindex="cp">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="880" mergedindex="cp">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Kernel
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="867" mergedindex="cp">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="881" mergedindex="cp">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Base 2 logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="868" mergedindex="cp">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="882" mergedindex="cp">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="869" mergedindex="cp">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="883" mergedindex="cp">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit inferior
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="870" mergedindex="cp">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="884" mergedindex="cp">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit superior
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="871" mergedindex="cp">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="885" mergedindex="cp">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Natural logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="872" mergedindex="cp">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="886" mergedindex="cp">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="873" mergedindex="cp">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="887" mergedindex="cp">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="874" mergedindex="cp">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="888" mergedindex="cp">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Minimum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="875" mergedindex="cp">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="889" mergedindex="cp">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Parenthesized modulus, as used in <code>\( 5\equiv 2\pmod 3 \)</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="876" mergedindex="cp">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="890" mergedindex="cp">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Probability
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="877" mergedindex="cp">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="891" mergedindex="cp">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Secant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="878" mergedindex="cp">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="892" mergedindex="cp">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="879" mergedindex="cp">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="893" mergedindex="cp">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="880" mergedindex="cp">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="894" mergedindex="cp">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Supremum
sup
<!-- c don't try to use \sup with dvi/pdf output since that turned into a -->
@@ -14804,16 +15162,16 @@
<!-- c Texinfo command and it's not worth hassling with different versions -->
<!-- c when it's just three roman letters anyway. -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="881" mergedindex="cp">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="895" mergedindex="cp">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Tangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="882" mergedindex="cp">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="896" mergedindex="cp">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic tangent
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>amsmath</code> package adds improvements on some of these, and
also allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN,
@@ -14826,11 +15184,11 @@
</para>
</section>
-<node name="Math-accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Math accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Over- and Underlining</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math functions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Math-accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Math accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Over- or under math</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math functions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math accents</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">math accents</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">math accents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters
in math. These are different from accents in normal text
@@ -14837,60 +15195,60 @@
(<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="883" mergedindex="cp">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="897" mergedindex="cp">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math acute accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="884" mergedindex="cp">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="898" mergedindex="cp">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math bar-over accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="885" mergedindex="cp">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="899" mergedindex="cp">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math breve accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="886" mergedindex="cp">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="900" mergedindex="cp">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725">h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check) accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="887" mergedindex="cp">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="901" mergedindex="cp">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math dieresis accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="888" mergedindex="cp">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="902" mergedindex="cp">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math dot accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="889" mergedindex="cp">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="903" mergedindex="cp">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math grave accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="890" mergedindex="cp">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="904" mergedindex="cp">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math hat (circumflex) accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="891" mergedindex="cp">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="905" mergedindex="cp">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math ring accent <!-- c don't bother implementing in texinfo -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="892" mergedindex="cp">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="906" mergedindex="cp">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math tilde accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="893" mergedindex="cp">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="907" mergedindex="cp">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math vector symbol
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="894" mergedindex="cp">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="908" mergedindex="cp">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math wide hat accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="895" mergedindex="cp">\widetilde</indexterm>\widetilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698">wide tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="909" mergedindex="cp">\widetilde</indexterm>\widetilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736">wide tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math wide tilde accent
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -14900,43 +15258,44 @@
</para>
</section>
-<node name="Over_002d-and-Underlining" spaces=" "><nodename>Over- and Underlining</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
-<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Over- and Underlining</sectiontitle>
+<node name="Over_002d-or-under-math" spaces=" "><nodename>Over- or under math</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Over- or under math</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699">overlining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700">underlining</indexterm></cindex>
+<anchor name="Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</anchor><!-- c original node name -->
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737">overlining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738">underlining</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>&latex; provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
-putting braces over or under some material.
+<para>&latex; provides commands for putting lines, braces, and arrows over
+or under math material.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<beforefirstitem>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="896" mergedindex="cp">\underline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\underline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Underline <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and outside.
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="910" mergedindex="cp">\underline{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\underline{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Underline <var>math</var>. For example: <code>\underline{x+y}</code>.
The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
descenders, so in <code>\(\underline{y}\)</code> the line is lower than in
-<code>\(\underline{x}\)</code>. This command is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<code>\(\underline{x}\)</code>. As of approximately 2019, this command
+and others in this section are robust; before that, they were fragile
+(<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701"><r>package</r>, <code>ulem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702"><code>ulem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739"><r>package</r>, <code>ulem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740"><code>ulem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<para>Note that the package <code>ulem</code> does text mode underlining and allows
-line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation on CTAN. See also <ref label="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><xrefnodename>\hrulefill & \dotfill</xrefnodename></ref> for
-producing a line, for such things as a signature.
+<para>The package <code>ulem</code> (<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem</urefurl></url>) does
+text mode underlining and allows line breaking as well as a number of
+other features. See also <ref label="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><xrefnodename>\hrulefill & \dotfill</xrefnodename></ref> for
+producing a line for such things as a signature or placeholder.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="897" mergedindex="cp">\overline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a horizontal line over <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and
-outside. For example, <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
-Note that this differs from the command <code>\bar</code> (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
-accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="911" mergedindex="cp">\overline{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a horizontal line over <var>math</var>. For example: <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
+This differs from the accent command <code>\bar</code> (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="898" mergedindex="cp">\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace under <var>math</var>. For example, this
-<code>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code> emphasizes the telescoping part.
-Attach text to the brace by using the subscript command, <code>_</code>, or
-superscript, <code>^</code>, as here.
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="912" mergedindex="cp">\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace under <var>math</var>. For example:
+<code>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code>.
</para>
+<para>You can attach text to the brace as a subscript (<code>_</code>) or
+superscript (<code>^</code>) as here:
+</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{displaymath}
1+1/2+\underbrace{1/3+1/4}_{>1/2}+
@@ -14947,26 +15306,34 @@
<para>The superscript appears on top of the expression, and so can look
unconnected to the underbrace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="899" mergedindex="cp">\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace over <var>math</var>, as with
-<code>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>. See also
-<code>\underbrace</code>.
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="913" mergedindex="cp">\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace over <var>math</var>. For example:&linebreak;
+<code>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>.
</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="914" mergedindex="cp">\overrightarrow{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overrightarrow{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a right arrow over <var>math</var>. For example:
+<code>\overrightarrow{x+y}</code>.
+</para>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="915" mergedindex="cp">\overleftarrow{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overleftarrow{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a left arrow over <var>math</var>. For example:
+<code>\overleftarrow{a+b}</code>.
+</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<para>The package <code>mathtools</code> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
-some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+<para>The package <code>mathtools</code> (<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools</urefurl></url>)
+adds an over- and underbracket, as well as some improvements on the
+braces.
</para>
</section>
-<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode" spaces=" "><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Over- and Underlining</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode" spaces=" "><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Over- or under math</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spacing in math mode</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>When typesetting mathematics, &latex; puts in spacing according to the
normal rules for mathematics texts. If you enter <code>y=m x</code> then
@@ -14990,11 +15357,11 @@
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\;</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="900" mergedindex="cp">\;</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="901" mergedindex="cp">\thickspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="916" mergedindex="cp">\;</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="917" mergedindex="cp">\thickspace</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace">spacing in math mode thickspace</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synonym: <code>\thickspace</code>. Normally <code>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>. With
the <code>amsmath</code> package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release,
@@ -15002,7 +15369,7 @@
only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\negthickspace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="902" mergedindex="cp">\negthickspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="918" mergedindex="cp">\negthickspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Normally <code>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>. With the <code>amsmath</code>
package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
@@ -15009,9 +15376,9 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\:</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="903" mergedindex="cp">\:</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="904" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="905" mergedindex="cp">\medspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="919" mergedindex="cp">\:</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="920" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="921" mergedindex="cp">\medspace</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace">spacing in math mode medspace</anchor>
<para>Synonym: <code>\medspace</code>. Normally <code>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
4.0mu</code>. With the <code>amsmath</code> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
@@ -15019,15 +15386,15 @@
that, in math mode only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\negmedspace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="906" mergedindex="cp">\negmedspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="922" mergedindex="cp">\negmedspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Normally <code>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>. With the <code>amsmath</code>
package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\,</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="907" mergedindex="cp">\,</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="908" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="923" mergedindex="cp">\,</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="924" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace">Spacing in math mode/\thinspace</anchor>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-thinspace">spacing in math mode thinspace</anchor>
<para>Synonym: <code>\thinspace</code>. Normally <code>3mu</code>, which is 1/6<dmn>em</dmn>.
@@ -15046,9 +15413,9 @@
</pre></example>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\!</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="909" mergedindex="cp">\!</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="910" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="925" mergedindex="cp">\!</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="926" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace">spacing in math mode negthinspace</anchor>
<para>Synonym: <code>\negthinspace</code>. A negative thin space. Normally
<code>-3mu</code>. With the <code>amsmath</code> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
@@ -15058,8 +15425,8 @@
(<pxref label="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"><xrefnodename>\thinspace & \negthinspace</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\quad</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711">quad</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="911" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749">quad</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="927" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-quad">spacing in math mode quad</anchor>
<para>This is 18<dmn>mu</dmn>, that is, 1<dmn>em</dmn>. This is often used for space
surrounding equations or expressions, for instance for the space between
@@ -15067,7 +15434,7 @@
in both text and math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\qquad</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="912" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="928" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-qquad">spacing in math mode qquad</anchor>
<para>A length of 2 quads, that is, 36<dmn>mu</dmn> = 2<dmn>em</dmn>. It is available in
both text and math mode.
@@ -15074,9 +15441,9 @@
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\smash</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Eliminate height or depth of a subformula.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make empty box same size as argument.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\mathstrut</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add some vertical space to a formula.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\smash</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Eliminate height or depth of a subformula.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make empty box same size as argument.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\mathstrut</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add some vertical space to a formula.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -15083,8 +15450,8 @@
<node name="_005csmash" spaces=" "><nodename>\smash</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\smash</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712">vertical spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713">math mode, vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750">vertical spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">math mode, vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15151,8 +15518,8 @@
\leavevmode\smash{smashed, with indent} % usual paragraph indent
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>mathtools</code> has operators that provide even finer
control over smashing a subformula box.
@@ -15165,16 +15532,16 @@
<anchor name="_005cphantom">\phantom</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cvphantom">\vphantom</anchor>
<anchor name="_005chphantom">\hphantom</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="913" mergedindex="cp">\phantom</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="914" mergedindex="cp">\vphantom</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="915" mergedindex="cp">\hphantom</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="929" mergedindex="cp">\phantom</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="930" mergedindex="cp">\vphantom</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="931" mergedindex="cp">\hphantom</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717">horizontal spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755">horizontal spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15228,8 +15595,8 @@
<para>These commands are often used in conjunction with <code>\smash</code>.
<xref label="_005csmash"><xrefnodename>\smash</xrefnodename></xref>, which includes another example of <code>\vphantom</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The three phantom commands appear often but note that &latex; provides
a suite of other commands to work with box sizes that may be more
@@ -15239,8 +15606,8 @@
In addition, the <code>mathtools</code> package has many commands that offer
fine-grained control over spacing.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special
mathematics status. So to do something like attaching a superscript you
@@ -15257,13 +15624,13 @@
<node name="_005cmathstrut" spaces=" "><nodename>\mathstrut</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\mathstrut</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="916" mergedindex="cp"><code>\mathstrut</code></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">strut, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="932" mergedindex="cp"><code>\mathstrut</code></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">strut, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15292,7 +15659,7 @@
<node name="Math-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Math styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math styles</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">math styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">math styles</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex;&textrsquo;s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
example, inside a displayed equation, the input <code>\sum_{0\leq
@@ -15308,20 +15675,20 @@
</para>
<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend>
<beforefirstitem>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">display style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">display style</indexterm></cindex>
</beforefirstitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such as
with <code>\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">text style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">text style</indexterm></cindex>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Text style is for an inline formula, as with <samp>so we have $ ... $</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">script style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">script style</indexterm></cindex>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or superscript.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736">scriptscript style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774">scriptscript style</indexterm></cindex>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or more)
of subscript or superscript.
@@ -15328,10 +15695,10 @@
</para>
</listitem></itemize>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="917" mergedindex="cp">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="918" mergedindex="cp">\textstyle</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="919" mergedindex="cp">\scriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="920" mergedindex="cp">\scriptscriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="933" mergedindex="cp">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="934" mergedindex="cp">\textstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="935" mergedindex="cp">\scriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="936" mergedindex="cp">\scriptscriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
<para>&tex; determines a default math style but you can override it with a
declaration of <code>\displaystyle</code>, or <code>\textstyle</code>, or
<code>\scriptstyle</code>, or <code>\scriptscriptstyle</code>.
@@ -15388,17 +15755,17 @@
<node name="Math-miscellany" spaces=" "><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Math styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math miscellany</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are
some that don&textrsquo;t fit into other categories.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Colon character & \colon</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Colon.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\*</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Discretionary multiplication.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frac</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fraction.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\sqrt</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Radicals.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\stackrel</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Text over a relation.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Colon character & \colon</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Colon.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\*</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Discretionary multiplication.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\frac</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fraction.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\sqrt</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Radicals.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\stackrel</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Text over a relation.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -15406,9 +15773,9 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></sectiontitle>
<anchor name="colon">colon</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738">colon character</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="921" mergedindex="cp">: <r>(for math)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="922" mergedindex="cp">\colon</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">colon character</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="937" mergedindex="cp">: <r>(for math)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="938" mergedindex="cp">\colon</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15423,8 +15790,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>Ordinary &latex; defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the colon character
@@ -15431,8 +15798,8 @@
with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation
<code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>But the widely-used <code>amsmath</code> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use
in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>. So if you want
@@ -15443,11 +15810,11 @@
<node name="_005c_002a" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\*</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frac</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colon character & \colon</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\*</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="923" mergedindex="cp">\*</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="939" mergedindex="cp">\*</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15470,8 +15837,8 @@
<node name="_005cfrac" spaces=" "><nodename>\frac</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sqrt</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\*</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frac</code> </sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747">fraction</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="924" mergedindex="cp">\frac</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">fraction</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="940" mergedindex="cp">\frac</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15489,10 +15856,10 @@
<node name="_005csqrt" spaces=" "><nodename>\sqrt</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stackrel</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\frac</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sqrt</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748">square root</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749">roots</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750">radical</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="925" mergedindex="cp">\sqrt</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786">square root</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787">roots</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">radical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="941" mergedindex="cp">\sqrt</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15516,9 +15883,9 @@
<node name="_005cstackrel" spaces=" "><nodename>\stackrel</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\sqrt</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stackrel</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">stack math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="926" mergedindex="cp">\stackrel</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">stack math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="942" mergedindex="cp">\stackrel</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15536,7 +15903,7 @@
<node name="Modes" spaces=" "><nodename>Modes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Modes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753">modes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">modes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>As &latex; processes your document, at any point it is in one of six
modes. They fall into three categories of two each, the horizontal
@@ -15544,10 +15911,10 @@
in one mode or another (in particular, many commands only work in one of
the math modes), and error messages will refer to these.
</para>
-<itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
+<itemize commandarg="bullet" automaticcommandarg="on" endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet" automatic="on"/></itemprepend>
<listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<anchor name="modes-paragraph-mode">modes paragraph mode</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
<para><dfn>Paragraph mode</dfn> (in plain &tex; this is called <dfn>horizontal
mode</dfn>) is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary text. It breaks
the input text into lines and finds the positions of line breaks, so that
@@ -15554,8 +15921,8 @@
in vertical mode page breaks can be done. This is the mode &latex; is
in most of the time.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">LR mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794">LR mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-lr-mode">modes lr mode</anchor>
<para><dfn>LR mode</dfn> (for left-to-right mode; in plain &tex; this is called
<dfn>restricted horizontal mode</dfn>) is in effect when &latex; starts
@@ -15568,11 +15935,11 @@
box won&textrsquo;t fit there.)
</para>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795">math mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-math-mode">modes math mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating
an inline mathematical formula.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758">display math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">display math mode</indexterm></cindex>
<para><dfn>Display math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating a displayed
mathematical formula. (Displayed formulas differ somewhat from inline
ones. One example is that the placement of the subscript on <code>\int</code>
@@ -15579,13 +15946,13 @@
differs in the two situations.)
</para>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-vertical-mode">modes vertical mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Vertical mode</dfn> is when &latex; is
building the list of lines and other material making the output page,
which comprises insertion of page breaks. This is the mode &latex; is
in when it starts a document.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-internal-vertical-mode">modes internal vertical mode</anchor>
<para><dfn>Internal vertical mode</dfn> is in effect when &latex; starts making a
<code>\vbox</code>. It has not such thing as page breaks, and as such is the
@@ -15601,8 +15968,8 @@
changes to math mode, and then when it leaves the formula it pops
back to paragraph mode.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-inner-paragraph-mode">modes inner paragraph mode</anchor>
<anchor name="modes-outer-paragraph-mode">modes outer paragraph mode</anchor>
<para>Paragraph mode has two subcases. If you use a <code>\parbox</code> command
@@ -15613,7 +15980,7 @@
(<pxref label="Page-breaking"><xrefnodename>Page breaking</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ensuremath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure that math mode is active.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ensuremath</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure that math mode is active.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="_005censuremath" spaces=" "><nodename>\ensuremath</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Modes</nodeup></node>
@@ -15652,8 +16019,8 @@
<node name="Page-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Page styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Modes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page styles</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763">styles, page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764">page styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">styles, page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">page styles</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The style of a page determines where &latex; places the components of
that page, such as headers and footers, and the text body. This
@@ -15661,18 +16028,18 @@
special pages such as the title page of a book, a page from an index, or
the first page of an article.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>fancyhdr</code> is commonly used for constructing page
styles. See its documentation.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\maketitle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a title page.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagenumbering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the style used for page numbers.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thispagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style for this page.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Changing page number representation everywhere.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\maketitle</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a title page.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\pagenumbering</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the style used for page numbers.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\pagestyle</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\thispagestyle</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style for this page.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\thepage</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Changing page number representation everywhere.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -15679,8 +16046,8 @@
<node name="_005cmaketitle" spaces=" "><nodename>\maketitle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\maketitle</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">titles, making</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="927" mergedindex="cp">\maketitle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">titles, making</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="943" mergedindex="cp">\maketitle</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15723,10 +16090,10 @@
<code>\maketitle</code>, either in the preamble or in the document body.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="928" mergedindex="cp">\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</indexterm>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="929" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\author</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="930" mergedindex="cp">\and <r>(for <code>\author</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="944" mergedindex="cp">\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</indexterm>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="945" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\author</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="946" mergedindex="cp">\and <r>(for <code>\author</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is a
list of authors separated by <code>\and</code> commands. To separate lines
within a single author&textrsquo;s entry, for instance to give the author&textrsquo;s
@@ -15734,16 +16101,16 @@
the <code>\author</code> declaration then you get <samp>LaTeX Warning: No
\author given</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="931" mergedindex="cp">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="947" mergedindex="cp">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Optional. Declare <var>text</var> to be the document&textrsquo;s date. The <var>text</var>
doesn&textrsquo;t need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all. If you
omit <code>\date</code> then &latex; uses the current date (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>).
To have no date, instead use <code>\date{}</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="932" mergedindex="cp">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="948" mergedindex="cp">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Optional. Produce a footnote. You can use it in the author
information for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can
also use it in the title, or anywhere that a footnote mark makes
@@ -15750,9 +16117,9 @@
sense. It can be any text at all so you can use it for any purpose,
such as to print an email address.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="933" mergedindex="cp">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="934" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\title</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="949" mergedindex="cp">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="950" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\title</code>)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Required. Declare <var>text</var> to be the title of the document. Get line
breaks inside <var>text</var> with a double backslash, <code>\\</code>. If you
omit the <code>\title</code> declaration then the <code>\maketitle</code> command
@@ -15771,8 +16138,8 @@
<node name="_005cpagenumbering" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagenumbering</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\maketitle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagenumbering</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="935" mergedindex="cp">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="951" mergedindex="cp">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15814,8 +16181,8 @@
</tableterm><tableitem><para>no page number is output, though the number is still reset.
References to that page also are blank.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This setting does not work with the popular package <code>hyperref</code>,
so to omit page numbers you may want to instead use
@@ -15853,10 +16220,10 @@
<node name="_005cpagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagestyle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thispagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagestyle</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="936" mergedindex="cp">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">header style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777">footer style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="952" mergedindex="cp">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">header style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815">footer style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15867,8 +16234,8 @@
<para>Declaration that specifies how the page headers and footers are typeset,
from the current page onwards.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A discussion with an example is below. First, however: the package
<code>fancyhdr</code> is now the standard way to manipulate headers and
@@ -15941,7 +16308,7 @@
<para>Here are the descriptions of <code>\markboth</code> and <code>\markright</code>:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="937" mergedindex="cp">\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="953" mergedindex="cp">\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets both the right hand and left hand heading information for either a
page style of <code>headings</code> or <code>myheadings</code>. A left hand page
heading <var>left-head</var> is generated by the last <code>\markboth</code>
@@ -15950,7 +16317,7 @@
<code>\markright</code> that comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by
the last one that came before that page.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="938" mergedindex="cp">\markright{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="954" mergedindex="cp">\markright{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets the right hand page heading, leaving the left unchanged.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -15960,8 +16327,8 @@
<node name="_005cthispagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\thispagestyle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thepage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thispagestyle</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="939" mergedindex="cp">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="955" mergedindex="cp">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16000,7 +16367,7 @@
<node name="_005cthepage" spaces=" "><nodename>\thepage</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\thispagestyle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thepage</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="940" mergedindex="cp">\thepage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="956" mergedindex="cp">\thepage</indexterm></findex>
<para>If you want to change the appearance of page numbers only in the page
headers, for example by adding an ornament, typesetting in small caps,
@@ -16007,9 +16374,9 @@
etc., then the <code>fancyhdr</code> package, as mentioned in a previous
section, is the best approach.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">page number representation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">table of contents, page numbers in</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">cross-references, page numbers in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">page number representation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821">table of contents, page numbers in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822">cross-references, page numbers in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>On the other hand, you may want to change how page numbers are denoted
everywhere, including the table of contents and cross-references, as
well as the page headers. In this case, you should redefine
@@ -16031,8 +16398,8 @@
<node name="Spaces" spaces=" "><nodename>Spaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spaces</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">spaces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786">white space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823">spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824">white space</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white space, or filled space. Some of
these are best suited to mathematical text; for these
@@ -16040,24 +16407,24 @@
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
<menucomment><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal space
-</pre></menucomment><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Traditional horizontal spaces.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Any horizontal space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hss</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Infinitely stretchable/shrinkable horizontal space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\spacefactor</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchability of following space
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\(SPACE)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Backslash-space, and explicit space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">~</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tie, an unbreakable space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thinspace & \negthinspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">One-sixth of an em, and negative one-sixth.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\/</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Italic correction.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hrulefill & \dotfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
+</pre></menucomment><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\enspace & \quad & \qquad</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Traditional horizontal spaces.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hspace</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Any horizontal space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hfill</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hss</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Infinitely stretchable/shrinkable horizontal space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\spacefactor</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchability of following space
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\(SPACE)</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Backslash-space, and explicit space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>~</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tie, an unbreakable space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\thinspace & \negthinspace</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">One-sixth of an em, and negative one-sixth.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\/</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Italic correction.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\hrulefill & \dotfill</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menucomment><pre xml:space="preserve">
Vertical space
-</pre></menucomment><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inter-paragraph vertical spaces.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inter-paragraph space and page breaks.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\strut</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure height of a line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Vertical space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable vertical space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addvspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
+</pre></menucomment><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inter-paragraph vertical spaces.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inter-paragraph space and page breaks.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\strut</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure height of a line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\vspace</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Vertical space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\vfill</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable vertical space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\addvspace</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -16067,9 +16434,9 @@
<anchor name="_005censpace">\enspace</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cquad">\quad</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cqquad">\qquad</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="941" mergedindex="cp">\enspace</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="942" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="943" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="957" mergedindex="cp">\enspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="958" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="959" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16105,7 +16472,7 @@
<node name="_005chspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\hspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="944" mergedindex="cp">\hspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="960" mergedindex="cp">\hspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16167,10 +16534,10 @@
<node name="_005chfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\hfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hss</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hfill</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="945" mergedindex="cp">\hfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="961" mergedindex="cp">\hfill</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16188,7 +16555,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\noindent Name:\hfill Quiz One
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="946" mergedindex="cp">\fill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="962" mergedindex="cp">\fill</indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>\hfill</code> command is equivalent to <code>\hspace{\fill}</code> and
so the space can be discarded at line breaks. To avoid that instead use
<code>\hspace*{\fill}</code> (<pxref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -16215,10 +16582,10 @@
<node name="_005chss" spaces=" "><nodename>\hss</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hss</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="947" mergedindex="cp">\hss</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="963" mergedindex="cp">\hss</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16255,8 +16622,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\spacefactor=<var>integer</var>
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="948" mergedindex="cp">\spacefactor</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">space factor</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="964" mergedindex="cp">\spacefactor</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830">space factor</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Influence &latex;&textrsquo;s stretching and shrinking of glue. Few user-level
documents need to use this.
</para>
@@ -16315,9 +16682,9 @@
an internal command. <xref label="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><xrefnodename>\makeatletter & \makeatother</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\normalsfcodes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Restore space factor settings to the default.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\&arobase;</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\normalsfcodes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Restore space factor settings to the default.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -16324,14 +16691,14 @@
<node name="_005c_0040" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\&arobase;</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;</code> </sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="949" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="950" mergedindex="cp">at-sign</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">sentence-ending punctuation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797">non-sentence-ending punctuation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798">punctuation, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="965" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="966" mergedindex="cp">at-sign</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">sentence-ending punctuation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">non-sentence-ending punctuation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836">punctuation, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="_005cAT">\AT</anchor><!-- c old name -->
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -16359,9 +16726,9 @@
by a capital letter. We tell &latex; that it ends the sentence by
putting <code>\&arobase;</code> before it.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">right parentheses/quotes, and spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">parentheses and ends of sentences</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">quotes and ends of sentences</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837">right parentheses/quotes, and spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838">parentheses and ends of sentences</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839">quotes and ends of sentences</indexterm></cindex>
<para>So: if you have a capital letter followed by a period that ends the
sentence, then put <code>\&arobase;</code> before the period. This holds even if
there is an intervening right parenthesis or bracket, or right single or
@@ -16380,8 +16747,8 @@
of a text mode then you get the error <samp>You can't use
`\spacefactor' in vertical mode</samp> (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">question marks, ending a sentence</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803">exclamation points, ending a sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840">question marks, ending a sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841">exclamation points, ending a sentence</indexterm></cindex>
<para>All the above applies equally to question marks and exclamation points
as periods, since all are sentence-ending punctuation, and &latex;
increases the space after each in the same way, when they end a
@@ -16402,9 +16769,9 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></sectiontitle>
<anchor name="_005cnonfrenchspacing">\nonfrenchspacing</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="951" mergedindex="cp">\frenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="952" mergedindex="cp">\nonfrenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="967" mergedindex="cp">\frenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="968" mergedindex="cp">\nonfrenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16434,8 +16801,8 @@
<node name="_005cnormalsfcodes" spaces=" "><nodename>\normalsfcodes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\normalsfcodes</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="953" mergedindex="cp">\normalsfcodes</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="969" mergedindex="cp">\normalsfcodes</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16452,11 +16819,11 @@
<node name="_005c_0028SPACE_0029" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\(SPACE)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">~</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">\<key>NEWLINE</key></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">\<key>TAB</key></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="954" mergedindex="cp">\<w> </w> <r>(backslash-space)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="955" mergedindex="cp">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844">\<key>NEWLINE</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">\<key>TAB</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="970" mergedindex="cp">\<w> </w> <r>(backslash-space)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="971" mergedindex="cp">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></findex>
<para>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
@@ -16528,12 +16895,12 @@
<node name="_007e" spaces=" "><nodename>~</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinspace & \negthinspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\(SPACE)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>~</code>, <code>\nobreakspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="956" mergedindex="cp">~</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">tie</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">hard space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812">unbreakable space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813">NBSP</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="972" mergedindex="cp">~</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">tie</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">hard space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">unbreakable space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">NBSP</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16541,8 +16908,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve"><var>before</var>~<var>after</var>
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="957" mergedindex="cp">\nobreakspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">no-break space, Unicode U+00A0</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="973" mergedindex="cp">\nobreakspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">no-break space, Unicode U+00A0</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <dfn>tie</dfn> character, <code>~</code>, produces a space between <var>before</var> and
<var>after</var> at which the line will not be broken. By default the white
space has length 3.33333<dmn>pt</dmn> plus 1.66666<dmn>pt</dmn> minus
@@ -16586,8 +16953,8 @@
<para>When cases are enumerated inline: <code>(b)~Show that $f(x)$ is
(1)~continuous, and (2)~bounded</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Between a number and its unit: <code>$745.7.8$~watts</code> (the
@@ -16630,12 +16997,12 @@
<anchor name="_005cthinspace">\thinspace</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cnegthinspace">\negthinspace</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="958" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="959" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818">space, thin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="974" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="975" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">space, thin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16664,8 +17031,8 @@
style-specific use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\
Knuth</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
(<pxref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></pxref>). With the <code>amsmath</code> package, or as
@@ -16677,8 +17044,8 @@
<node name="_005c_002f" spaces=" "><nodename>\/</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hrulefill & \dotfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinspace & \negthinspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\/</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="960" mergedindex="cp">\/</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823">italic correction</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="976" mergedindex="cp">\/</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">italic correction</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16720,8 +17087,8 @@
upright characters have a zero italic correction. Some font creators
do not include italic correction values even for italic fonts.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="961" mergedindex="cp">\fontdimen1</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824">font dimension, slant</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="977" mergedindex="cp">\fontdimen1</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">font dimension, slant</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Technically, &latex; uses another font-specific value, the so-called
<dfn>slant parameter</dfn> (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether
to possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
@@ -16737,8 +17104,8 @@
<anchor name="_005chrulefill">\hrulefill</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cdotfill">\dotfill</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="962" mergedindex="cp">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="963" mergedindex="cp">\dotfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="978" mergedindex="cp">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="979" mergedindex="cp">\dotfill</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16810,9 +17177,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cbigskip">\bigskip</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cmedskip">\medskip</anchor>
<anchor name="_005csmallskip">\smallskip</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="964" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="965" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="966" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="980" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="981" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="982" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16842,22 +17209,22 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="bigskip">bigskip</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="967" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm>\bigskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="968" mergedindex="cp">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="983" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm>\bigskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="984" mergedindex="cp">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line
space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the <code>book</code> and
<code>article</code> classes is <code>12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="medskip">medskip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="969" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm>\medskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="970" mergedindex="cp">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="985" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm>\medskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="986" mergedindex="cp">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of a
line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the <code>book</code>
and <code>article</code> classes is <code>6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="smallskip">smallskip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="971" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm>\smallskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="972" mergedindex="cp">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="987" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm>\smallskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="988" mergedindex="cp">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
<code>book</code> and <code>article</code> classes is <code>3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt</code>.
@@ -16881,9 +17248,9 @@
<anchor name="_005cbigbreak">\bigbreak</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cmedbreak">\medbreak</anchor>
<anchor name="_005csmallbreak">\smallbreak</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="973" mergedindex="cp">\bigbreak</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="974" mergedindex="cp">\medbreak</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="975" mergedindex="cp">\smallbreak</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="989" mergedindex="cp">\bigbreak</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="990" mergedindex="cp">\medbreak</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="991" mergedindex="cp">\smallbreak</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16920,8 +17287,8 @@
<node name="_005cstrut" spaces=" "><nodename>\strut</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\strut</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="976" mergedindex="cp">\strut</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825">strut</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="992" mergedindex="cp">\strut</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">strut</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16986,10 +17353,10 @@
descend below the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives
the needed extra below-baseline space.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\strut</code> command is often useful in graphics, such as in
<code>TikZ</code> or <code>Asymptote</code>. For instance, you may have a command
@@ -17025,9 +17392,9 @@
<node name="_005cvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\vspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\strut</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="977" mergedindex="cp">\vspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="993" mergedindex="cp">\vspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -17092,10 +17459,10 @@
<node name="_005cvfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\vfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addvspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vfill</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="978" mergedindex="cp">\vfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="994" mergedindex="cp">\vfill</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17133,9 +17500,9 @@
<node name="_005caddvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\addvspace</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\vfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addvspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="979" mergedindex="cp">\addvspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="995" mergedindex="cp">\addvspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17195,26 +17562,26 @@
<node name="Boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Boxes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836">boxes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874">boxes</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c xx Expand on boxes and glue, for xref from elsewhere. -->
<para>At its core, &latex; puts things in boxes and then puts the boxes on a
page. So these commands are central.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837"><r>package</r>, <code>adjustbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838"><code>adjustbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875"><r>package</r>, <code>adjustbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876"><code>adjustbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages on CTAN that are useful for manipulating boxes.
One useful adjunct to the commands here is <code>adjustbox</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\mbox & \makebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal boxes.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\fbox & \framebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put a frame around a box.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\parbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box with text in paragraph mode.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raisebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Raise or lower text.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\sbox & \savebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like <code>\makebox</code> but save the text for later.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">lrbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Environment version of <code>\sbox</code>.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\usebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print saved text.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\mbox & \makebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal boxes.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\fbox & \framebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put a frame around a box.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\parbox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box with text in paragraph mode.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\raisebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Raise or lower text.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\sbox & \savebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like <code>\makebox</code> but save the text for later.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>lrbox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Environment version of <code>\sbox</code>.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\usebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print saved text.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -17223,11 +17590,11 @@
<anchor name="_005cmbox">\mbox</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cmakebox">\makebox</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="980" mergedindex="cp">\mbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="981" mergedindex="cp">\makebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839">box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840">make a box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="996" mergedindex="cp">\mbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="997" mergedindex="cp">\makebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877">box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878">make a box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -17321,11 +17688,11 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The right edge of the output <samp>10 points </samp> (note the ending space
after <samp>points</samp>) will be just before the <samp>What</samp>. You can use
@@ -17354,8 +17721,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cfbox">\fbox</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cframebox">\framebox</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="982" mergedindex="cp">\fbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="983" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="998" mergedindex="cp">\fbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="999" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -17399,18 +17766,18 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="fbox-framebox-fboxrule">fbox framebox fboxrule</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="984" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm>\fboxrule</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="985" mergedindex="cp">frame, line width</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="986" mergedindex="cp">frame rule width</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1000" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm>\fboxrule</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1001" mergedindex="cp">frame, line width</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1002" mergedindex="cp">frame rule width</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2<dmn>pt</dmn>. Change it with a command such as
<code>\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</code> (<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<anchor name="fbox-framebox-fboxsep">fbox framebox fboxsep</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="987" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm>\fboxsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="988" mergedindex="cp">frame, separation from contents</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1003" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm>\fboxsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1004" mergedindex="cp">frame, separation from contents</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The distance from the frame to the enclosed box. The default is 3<dmn>pt</dmn>.
Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}</code>
(<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>). Setting it to 0<dmn>pt</dmn> is useful sometimes:
@@ -17450,9 +17817,9 @@
<node name="_005cparbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\parbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raisebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fbox & \framebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parbox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="989" mergedindex="cp">\parbox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1005" mergedindex="cp">\parbox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -17514,7 +17881,7 @@
<node name="_005craisebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\raisebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sbox & \savebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\parbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raisebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="990" mergedindex="cp">\raisebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1006" mergedindex="cp">\raisebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -17581,9 +17948,9 @@
<anchor name="_005csbox">\sbox</anchor>
<anchor name="_005csavebox">\savebox</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="991" mergedindex="cp">\sbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="992" mergedindex="cp">\savebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">box, save</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1007" mergedindex="cp">\sbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1008" mergedindex="cp">\savebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888">box, save</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -17681,7 +18048,7 @@
<node name="lrbox" spaces=" "><nodename>lrbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\sbox & \savebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>lrbox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="993" mergedindex="cp">lrbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1009" mergedindex="cp">lrbox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17719,8 +18086,8 @@
<node name="_005cusebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\usebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">lrbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="994" mergedindex="cp">\usebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1010" mergedindex="cp">\usebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17740,8 +18107,8 @@
<node name="Graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Graphics</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your &latex; document.
You need an additional package, which comes standard with &latex;.
@@ -17781,9 +18148,9 @@
see their documentation on CTAN.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Graphics package options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Options when you load the package.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Graphics package configuration</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Where to look for files, which file types.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Commands for graphics</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The available commands.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Graphics package options</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Options when you load the package.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Graphics package configuration</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Where to look for files, which file types.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Commands for graphics</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The available commands.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -17790,8 +18157,8 @@
<node name="Graphics-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
</para>
@@ -17871,9 +18238,9 @@
<node name="Graphics-package-configuration" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package configuration</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package configuration</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands configure the way &latex; searches the file system for
the graphic.
@@ -17885,9 +18252,9 @@
&tex; distribution&textrsquo;s documentation.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\graphicspath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Directories to search.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">File types, such as JPG or EPS.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\DeclareGraphicsRule</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to handle file types.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\graphicspath</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Directories to search.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">File types, such as JPG or EPS.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\DeclareGraphicsRule</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to handle file types.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -17894,7 +18261,7 @@
<node name="_005cgraphicspath" spaces=" "><nodename>\graphicspath</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\graphicspath</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="995" mergedindex="cp">\graphicspath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1011" mergedindex="cp">\graphicspath</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17972,7 +18339,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsRule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\graphicspath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="996" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1012" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -18015,8 +18382,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PDF,.PNG,.JPG,.JPEG,.JBIG2,.JB2
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859"><r>package</r>, <code>grfext</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860"><code>grfext</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897"><r>package</r>, <code>grfext</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898"><code>grfext</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To change the order, use the <code>grfext</code> package.
</para>
@@ -18029,7 +18396,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareGraphicsRule</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="997" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsRule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1013" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsRule</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18114,17 +18481,17 @@
<node name="Commands-for-graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for graphics</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for graphics</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the commands available with the <code>graphics</code> and
<code>graphicx</code> packages.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\includegraphics</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using a graphic in your document.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\rotatebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Rotating boxes, including graphics.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\scalebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Scaling boxes, including graphics.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\resizebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Scaling boxes, including graphics, to a set size.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\includegraphics</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using a graphic in your document.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\rotatebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Rotating boxes, including graphics.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\scalebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Scaling boxes, including graphics.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\resizebox</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Scaling boxes, including graphics, to a set size.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -18131,16 +18498,16 @@
<node name="_005cincludegraphics" spaces=" "><nodename>\includegraphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\includegraphics</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865">including graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867">EPS files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">JPG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">PNG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="998" mergedindex="cp">\includegraphics</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903">including graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905">EPS files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907">JPG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909">PNG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1014" mergedindex="cp">\includegraphics</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses for <code>graphics</code> package:
</para>
@@ -18275,8 +18642,8 @@
</para>
<para>There are many options. The primary ones are listed first.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">bounding box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873">box, bounding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910">bounding box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911">box, bounding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that a graphic is placed by &latex; into a box, which is
traditionally referred to as its <dfn>bounding box</dfn> (distinct from the
PostScript BoundingBox described below). The graphic&textrsquo;s printed area may
@@ -18532,10 +18899,10 @@
<node name="_005crotatebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\rotatebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\scalebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\includegraphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rotatebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874">rotation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876">rotating text</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="999" mergedindex="cp">\rotatebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912">rotation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914">rotating text</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1015" mergedindex="cp">\rotatebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis if you use the <code>graphics</code> package:
</para>
@@ -18623,14 +18990,14 @@
<node name="_005cscalebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\scalebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\resizebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\scalebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1000" mergedindex="cp">\scalebox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1001" mergedindex="cp">\reflectbox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1016" mergedindex="cp">\scalebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1017" mergedindex="cp">\reflectbox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -18673,13 +19040,13 @@
<node name="_005cresizebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\resizebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\scalebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\resizebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1002" mergedindex="cp">\resizebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1018" mergedindex="cp">\resizebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -18718,7 +19085,7 @@
<node name="Color" spaces=" "><nodename>Color</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special insertions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927">color</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can add color to text, rules, etc. You can also have color in a box
or on an entire page and write text on top of it.
@@ -18733,9 +19100,9 @@
<samp>HTML</samp> and <samp>Hsb</samp> color models.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Color package options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Options when you load the standard package.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Color models</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How colors are represented.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Commands for color</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The available commands.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Color package options</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Options when you load the standard package.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Color models</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How colors are represented.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Commands for color</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The available commands.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -18742,8 +19109,8 @@
<node name="Color-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Color package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color models</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>color</code> package options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890">color package options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891">options, color package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928">color package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">options, color package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
</para>
@@ -18792,7 +19159,7 @@
<node name="Color-models" spaces=" "><nodename>Color models</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color models</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892">color models</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930">color models</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A <dfn>color model</dfn> is a way of representing colors. &latex;&textrsquo;s
capabilities depend on the printer driver. However, the <file>pdftex</file>,
@@ -18853,15 +19220,15 @@
<node name="Commands-for-color" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for color</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Color models</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for color</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893">color package commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931">color package commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the commands available with the <file>color</file> package.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Define colors</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Give a color a name.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Colored text</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Text or rules in color.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Colored boxes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A box of color, to write over.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Colored pages</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A whole page colored.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Define colors</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Give a color a name.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Colored text</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Text or rules in color.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Colored boxes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A box of color, to write over.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Colored pages</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A whole page colored.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -18868,9 +19235,9 @@
<node name="Define-colors" spaces=" "><nodename>Define colors</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored text</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Define colors</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895">define color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896">color, define</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933">define color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934">color, define</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18904,8 +19271,8 @@
<node name="Colored-text" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored text</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Define colors</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored text</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898">colored text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">colored text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -19006,9 +19373,9 @@
<node name="Colored-boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored pages</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored text</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored boxes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901">box, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939">box, colored</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -19062,10 +19429,10 @@
<node name="Colored-pages" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored pages</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored pages</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903">colored page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904">page, colored</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905">background, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">colored page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942">page, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943">background, colored</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -19096,56 +19463,58 @@
<node name="Special-insertions" spaces=" "><nodename>Special insertions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Special insertions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906">special insertions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">special insertions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a
special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Reserved characters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting <samp># $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \</samp>
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Upper and lower case</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make text upper or lower case.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Symbols by font position</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting font symbols by number.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Text symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-letter symbols in text.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting accents.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Additional Latin letters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-English characters.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">inputenc package</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the input file text encoding.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\rule</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting lines and rectangles.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\today</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting today&textrsquo;s date.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Printing special characters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting <samp># $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \</samp>
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Upper and lower case</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make text upper or lower case.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Symbols by font position</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting font symbols by number.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Text symbols</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-letter symbols in text.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Accents</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting accents.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Additional Latin letters</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-English characters.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>inputenc package</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the input file text encoding.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\rule</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting lines and rectangles.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\today</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting today&textrsquo;s date.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
-<node name="Reserved-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Reserved characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
-<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Reserved characters</sectiontitle>
+<node name="Printing-special-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Printing special characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
+<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Printing special characters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911">characters, special</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>&latex; sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For
-example, the percent sign <code>%</code> is for comments. They are
-called <dfn>reserved characters</dfn> or <dfn>special characters</dfn>. They are
-all discussed elsewhere in this manual.
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946">reserved characters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947">special characters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948">printing special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949">escaping special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>&latex; sets aside a few characters for special purposes; they are
+called reserved characters or special characters. Here they are:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve"># $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1003" mergedindex="cp">\#</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1004" mergedindex="cp">\$</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1005" mergedindex="cp">\%</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1006" mergedindex="cp">\&</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1007" mergedindex="cp">\_</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1008" mergedindex="cp">\{</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1009" mergedindex="cp">\}</indexterm></findex>
+<para>The meaning of all the special characters is given elsewhere
+in this manual (<pxref label="Reserved-characters"><xrefnodename>Reserved characters</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1019" mergedindex="cp">\#</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1020" mergedindex="cp">\$</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1021" mergedindex="cp">\%</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1022" mergedindex="cp">\&</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1023" mergedindex="cp">\_</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1024" mergedindex="cp">\{</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1025" mergedindex="cp">\}</indexterm></findex>
<para>If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
-put a backslash <code>\</code> in front of the character. Thus,
-typing <code>\$1.23</code> will produce <code>$1.23</code> in your output.
+put a <code>\</code> in front of the character. Thus, typing <code>\$1.23</code>
+will produce <code>$1.23</code> in your output.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1010" mergedindex="cp">\~</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1011" mergedindex="cp">\^</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1012" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1026" mergedindex="cp">\~</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1027" mergedindex="cp">\^</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1028" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm></findex>
<para>As to the last three characters, to get a tilde in the text body font
use <code>\~{}</code> (omitting the curly braces would result in the next
character receiving a tilde accent). Similarly, to get a text body
@@ -19152,13 +19521,13 @@
font circumflex use <code>\^{}</code>. To get a backslash in the font of
the text body, enter <code>\textbackslash{}</code>.
</para>
-<para>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use
-<code>\verb!!</code> as below (the double backslash <code>\\</code> in the
-example is only there to split the lines in the output).
+<para>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font, use
+<code>\verb!!</code> as below (the <code>\newline</code> in the example is there
+only to split the lines in the output).
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{center}
- \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \\
+ \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \newline
\verb!# $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \!
\end{center}
</pre></example>
@@ -19165,13 +19534,13 @@
</section>
-<node name="Upper-and-lower-case" spaces=" "><nodename>Upper and lower case</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Reserved characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Upper-and-lower-case" spaces=" "><nodename>Upper and lower case</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Printing special characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Upper and lower case</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912">uppercase</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913">lowercase</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915">changing case of characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950">uppercase</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951">lowercase</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">changing case of characters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19214,23 +19583,23 @@
<w> </w>\expandafter{\schoolname}}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>textcase</code> package brings some of the missing feature of the
standard &latex; commands <code>\MakeUppercase</code> and
<code>\MakeLowerCase</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To uppercase only the first letter of words, you can use the package
<code>mfirstuc</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="959"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922">Wright, Joseph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="960">Wright, Joseph</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Handling all the casing rules specified by Unicode, e.g., for
non-Latin scripts, is a much bigger job than anything envisioned in
the original &tex; and &latex;. It has been implemented in the
@@ -19245,9 +19614,9 @@
<node name="Symbols-by-font-position" spaces=" "><nodename>Symbols by font position</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Text symbols</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Symbols by font position</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1013" mergedindex="cp">\symbol</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1029" mergedindex="cp">\symbol</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="961">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="962">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can access any character of the current font using its number with
the <code>\symbol</code> command. For example, the visible space character
@@ -19265,13 +19634,13 @@
<node name="Text-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Text symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Text symbols</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925">text symbols</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="963">text symbols</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="964">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927"><r>package</r>, <code>textcomp</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928"><code>textcomp</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="965"><r>package</r>, <code>textcomp</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="966"><code>textcomp</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">TS1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="967">TS1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
not available in OT1. As of the &latex; February 2020 release, all
@@ -19280,44 +19649,44 @@
<code>TS1</code> font encoding).
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1014" mergedindex="cp">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1015" mergedindex="cp">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1030" mergedindex="cp">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1031" mergedindex="cp">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="968">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>©right; The copyright symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1016" mergedindex="cp">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1032" mergedindex="cp">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="969">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2020</U> The dagger symbol (in text).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1017" mergedindex="cp">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1033" mergedindex="cp">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="970">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2021</U> The double dagger symbol (in text).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1018" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1034" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="971">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="972">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &latex; logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1019" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeXe</indexterm>\LaTeXe</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1035" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeXe</indexterm>\LaTeXe</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="973">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="974">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &latex;2e logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1020" mergedindex="cp">\guillemetleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemetleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1021" mergedindex="cp">\guillemetright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemetright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1022" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotleft <r>(&guillemotleft;)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(&guillemotleft;)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1023" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotright <r>(&guillemotright;)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(&guillemotright;)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1024" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1025" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945">guillemots, birds</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1036" mergedindex="cp">\guillemetleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemetleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1037" mergedindex="cp">\guillemetright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemetright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1038" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotleft <r>(&guillemotleft;)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(&guillemotleft;)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1039" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotright <r>(&guillemotright;)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(&guillemotright;)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1040" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1041" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="975">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="976">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="977">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="978">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="979">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="980">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="981">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="982">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="983">guillemots, birds</indexterm></cindex>
<para>«, », ‹, ›
Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French.
The commands <code>&arobase;guillemotleft</code> and <code>&arobase;guillemotright</code> are
@@ -19324,71 +19693,71 @@
synonyms for <code>&arobase;guillemet...</code>; these are misspellings inherited
from Adobe. (Guillemots are seabirds; guillemets are French quotes.)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1026" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1027" mergedindex="cp">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1028" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1042" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1043" mergedindex="cp">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1044" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="984">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&dots; An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): <code>\ldots</code> and
<code>\dots</code> also work in math mode (<pxref label="Dots"><xrefnodename>Dots</xrefnodename></pxref>). See that math
mode ellipsis description for additional general information.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1029" mergedindex="cp">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947">left quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948">opening quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1045" mergedindex="cp">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="985">left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="986">opening quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textlsquo; Left (opening) quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1030" mergedindex="cp">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1031" mergedindex="cp">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1046" mergedindex="cp">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1047" mergedindex="cp">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="987">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="988">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00B6</U> Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1032" mergedindex="cp">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1033" mergedindex="cp">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1048" mergedindex="cp">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1049" mergedindex="cp">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="989">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="990">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>£ English pounds sterling.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1034" mergedindex="cp">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1035" mergedindex="cp">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1050" mergedindex="cp">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1051" mergedindex="cp">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="991">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="992">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="993">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex>
<para>„ and ‚
Double and single quotation marks on the baseline.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1036" mergedindex="cp">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956">right quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957">closing quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1052" mergedindex="cp">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="994">right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="995">closing quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrsquo; Right (closing) quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1037" mergedindex="cp">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1038" mergedindex="cp">\textsection</indexterm>\textsection</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958">section symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1053" mergedindex="cp">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1054" mergedindex="cp">\textsection</indexterm>\textsection</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="996">section symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00A7</U> Section sign.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1039" mergedindex="cp">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="959">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="960">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1055" mergedindex="cp">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="997">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="998">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &tex; logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1040" mergedindex="cp">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="961">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="962">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1056" mergedindex="cp">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="999">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1000">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>^ ASCII circumflex.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1041" mergedindex="cp">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="963">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="964">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1057" mergedindex="cp">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1001">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1002">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>~ ASCII tilde.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1042" mergedindex="cp">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="965">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="966">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1058" mergedindex="cp">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1003">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1004">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>* Centered asterisk.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1043" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="967">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1059" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1005">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>\ Backslash. However, <code>\texttt{\textbackslash}</code> produces a roman
(not typewriter) backslash by default; for a typewriter backslash, it
is necessary to use the T1 (or other non-default) font encoding, as
@@ -19399,48 +19768,48 @@
</pre></example>
<!-- c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/824 -->
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1044" mergedindex="cp">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="968">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="969">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1060" mergedindex="cp">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1006">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1007">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>| Vertical bar.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1045" mergedindex="cp">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="970">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="971">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="972">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1061" mergedindex="cp">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1008">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1009">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1010">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>23F8</U> Double vertical bar.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1046" mergedindex="cp">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="973">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="974">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1062" mergedindex="cp">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1011">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1012">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>25EF</U>, Big circle symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1047" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="975">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="976">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1063" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1013">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1014">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>{ Left brace. See remarks at <code>\textbackslash</code> above about
making <code>\texttt{\textbraceleft}</code> produce a typewriter brace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1048" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="977">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="978">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1064" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1015">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1016">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>} Right brace. See remarks at <code>\textbackslash</code> above about
making <code>\texttt{\textbraceright}</code> produce a typewriter brace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1049" mergedindex="cp">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="979">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1065" mergedindex="cp">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1017">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>• Bullet.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1050" mergedindex="cp">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="980">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1066" mergedindex="cp">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1018">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>24B6</U>, Circle around <var>letter</var>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1051" mergedindex="cp">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1052" mergedindex="cp">\textcapitalcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalcompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1053" mergedindex="cp">\textascendercompwordmark</indexterm>\textascendercompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="981">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="982">cap height</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="983">ascender height</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1067" mergedindex="cp">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1068" mergedindex="cp">\textcapitalcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalcompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1069" mergedindex="cp">\textascendercompwordmark</indexterm>\textascendercompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1019">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1020">cap height</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1021">ascender height</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Used to separate letters that would normally ligature. For example,
<code>f\textcompwordmark i</code> produces <samp>fi</samp> without a ligature. This
is most useful in non-English languages. The
@@ -19447,22 +19816,22 @@
<code>\textcapitalcompwordmark</code> form has the cap height of the font
while the <code>\textascendercompwordmark</code> form has the ascender height.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1054" mergedindex="cp">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="984">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1070" mergedindex="cp">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1022">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2020</U> Dagger.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1055" mergedindex="cp">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="985">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="986">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1071" mergedindex="cp">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1023">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1024">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2021</U> Double dagger.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1056" mergedindex="cp">\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="987">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="988">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1072" mergedindex="cp">\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1025">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1026">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex>
<para>$ Dollar sign.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1057" mergedindex="cp">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="989">em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1073" mergedindex="cp">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1027">em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
<raggedright endspaces=" ">
<para>&textmdash; Em-dash. Used for punctuation, usually similar to commas or
parentheses, as in &textlsquo;<code>The playoffs---if you're lucky
@@ -19470,30 +19839,30 @@
for spacing around em-dashes vary widely.
</para></raggedright>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1058" mergedindex="cp">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="990">e-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1074" mergedindex="cp">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1028">e-dash</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textndash; En-dash. Used for ranges, as in &textlsquo;<code>see pages 12--14</code>&textrsquo;.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1059" mergedindex="cp">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="991">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="992">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="993"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="994"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1075" mergedindex="cp">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1029">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1030">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1031"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1032"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The Euro currency symbol: €.
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="995"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="996"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1033"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1034"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</para>
<para>For an alternative glyph design, try the
<code>eurosym</code> package; also, most fonts nowadays come with their own
Euro symbol (Unicode U+20AC).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1060" mergedindex="cp">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="997">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1076" mergedindex="cp">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1035">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
<para>¡ Upside down exclamation point.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1061" mergedindex="cp">\textfiguredash</indexterm>\textfiguredash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="998">figure dash character</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1077" mergedindex="cp">\textfiguredash</indexterm>\textfiguredash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1036">figure dash character</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dash used between numerals, Unicode U+2012. Defined in the June 2021
release of &latex;. When used in pdf&tex;, approximated by an
en-dash; with a Unicode engine, either typesets the glyph if available
@@ -19500,115 +19869,115 @@
in the current font, or writes the usual &textldquo;Missing character&textrdquo; warning
to the log file.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1062" mergedindex="cp">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="999">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1078" mergedindex="cp">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1037">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>> Greater than symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1063" mergedindex="cp">\texthorizontalbar</indexterm>\texthorizontalbar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1000">horizontal bar character</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1079" mergedindex="cp">\texthorizontalbar</indexterm>\texthorizontalbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1038">horizontal bar character</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Horizontal bar character, Unicode U+2015. Defined in the June 2021
release of &latex;. Behavior as with <code>\textfiguredash</code> above;
the pdf&tex; approximation is an em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1064" mergedindex="cp">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1001">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1080" mergedindex="cp">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1039">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>< Less than symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1065" mergedindex="cp">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1002">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1003">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1081" mergedindex="cp">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1040">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1041">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2190</U>, Left arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1066" mergedindex="cp">\textnonbreakinghyphen</indexterm>\textnonbreakinghyphen</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1004">non-breaking hyphen character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1005">hyphen character, non-breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1082" mergedindex="cp">\textnonbreakinghyphen</indexterm>\textnonbreakinghyphen</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1042">non-breaking hyphen character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1043">hyphen character, non-breaking</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Non-breaking hyphen character, Unicode U+2011. Defined in the June
2021 release of &latex;. Behavior as with <code>\textfiguredash</code>
above; the pdf&tex; approximation is a regular ASCII hyphen (with
breaks disallowed after).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1067" mergedindex="cp">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1068" mergedindex="cp">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1006">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1007">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1008">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1009">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1083" mergedindex="cp">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1084" mergedindex="cp">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1044">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1045">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1046">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1047">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ª, º Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1069" mergedindex="cp">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1010">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1011">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1085" mergedindex="cp">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1048">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1049">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00B7</U> Centered period.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1070" mergedindex="cp">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1012">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1086" mergedindex="cp">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1050">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
<para>¿ Upside down question mark.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1071" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1013">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1014">double left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1087" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1051">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1052">double left quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textldquo; Double left quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1072" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1015">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1016">double right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1088" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1053">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1054">double right quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrdquo; Double right quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1073" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1017">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1018">single left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1089" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1055">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1056">single left quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textlsquo; Single left quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1074" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1019">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1020">single right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1090" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1057">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1058">single right quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrsquo; Single right quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1075" mergedindex="cp">\textquotesingle</indexterm>\textquotesingle</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1021">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1022">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1023">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1091" mergedindex="cp">\textquotesingle</indexterm>\textquotesingle</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1059">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1060">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1061">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>0027</U>, Straight single quote. (From TS1 encoding.)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1076" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1077" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1024">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1025">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1026">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1027">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1092" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1093" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1062">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1063">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1064">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1065">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c Unicode doesn't have these https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark -->
<para>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1078" mergedindex="cp">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1028">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1094" mergedindex="cp">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1066">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>®istered; Registered symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1079" mergedindex="cp">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1029">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1030">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1095" mergedindex="cp">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1067">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1068">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2192</U>, Right arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1080" mergedindex="cp">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1031">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1032">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1096" mergedindex="cp">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1069">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1070">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>FE58</U>, &textldquo;Three-quarters&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1081" mergedindex="cp">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1033">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1097" mergedindex="cp">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1071">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2122</U> Trademark symbol.
</para>
<!-- c ?? Diff from \textthreequartersemdash? In Unicode? -->
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1082" mergedindex="cp">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1034">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1035">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1098" mergedindex="cp">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1072">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1073">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>FE58</U>, &textldquo;Two-thirds&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1083" mergedindex="cp">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1036">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1099" mergedindex="cp">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1074">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>_ Underscore.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1084" mergedindex="cp">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1037">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1100" mergedindex="cp">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1075">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2423</U>, Visible space symbol.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -19618,17 +19987,17 @@
<node name="Accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Additional Latin letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Text symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Accents</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1038">accents</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1039">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1040">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1076">accents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1077">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1078">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1041"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1042"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1079"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1080"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1043"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1044"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1081"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1082"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1045">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1083">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; has wide support for many of the world&textrsquo;s scripts and
languages, provided through the core <code>babel</code> package, which
supports pdf&latex;, Xe&latex; and Lua&latex;. The
@@ -19643,12 +20012,12 @@
<para>Below, to make them easier to find, the accents are all illustrated with
lowercase <samp>o</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1085" mergedindex="cp">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1046">dotless i</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1101" mergedindex="cp">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1084">dotless i</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that <code>\i</code> produces a dotless i,
<!-- c @dotless{i}, -->
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1086" mergedindex="cp">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1047">dotless j</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1102" mergedindex="cp">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1085">dotless j</indexterm></cindex>
and <code>\j</code> produces a dotless j.
<!-- c @dotless{j}. -->
These are often used in place of their dotted counterparts when they are
@@ -19657,63 +20026,63 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\"</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldieresis</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1087" mergedindex="cp">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1088" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1048">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1049">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1103" mergedindex="cp">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1104" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1086">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1087">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="uml">o</accent> Umlaut (dieresis).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\'</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalacute</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1089" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1090" mergedindex="cp">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1050">acute accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1105" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1106" mergedindex="cp">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1088">acute accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="acute">o</accent> Acute accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\.</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1091" mergedindex="cp">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1051">dot accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1052">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1107" mergedindex="cp">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1089">dot accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1090">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="dotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\=</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalmacron</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1092" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1093" mergedindex="cp">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1053">macron accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1054">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1055">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1108" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1109" mergedindex="cp">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1091">macron accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1092">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1093">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="macr">o</accent> Macron (overbar) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\^</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcircumflex</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1094" mergedindex="cp">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1095" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1056">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1057">hat accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1110" mergedindex="cp">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1111" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1094">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1095">hat accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="circ">o</accent> Circumflex (hat) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\`</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalgrave</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1096" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1097" mergedindex="cp">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1058">grave accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1112" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1113" mergedindex="cp">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1096">grave accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="grave">o</accent> Grave accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\~</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltilde</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1098" mergedindex="cp">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1099" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1059">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1114" mergedindex="cp">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1115" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1097">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="tilde">n</accent> Tilde accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\b</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1100" mergedindex="cp">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1060">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1116" mergedindex="cp">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1098">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ubaraccent">o</accent> Bar accent underneath.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1101" mergedindex="cp">\underbar</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1061">underbar</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1117" mergedindex="cp">\underbar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1099">underbar</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Related to this, <code>\underbar{<var>text</var>}</code> produces a bar under
<var>text</var>. The argument is always processed in LR mode
(<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline,
@@ -19722,37 +20091,37 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\c</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcedilla</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1102" mergedindex="cp">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1103" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1062">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1118" mergedindex="cp">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1119" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1100">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="cedil">c</accent> Cedilla accent underneath.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\d</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldotaccent</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1104" mergedindex="cp">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1105" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1063">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1120" mergedindex="cp">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1121" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1101">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="udotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent underneath.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\H</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1106" mergedindex="cp">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1107" mergedindex="cp">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1064">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1122" mergedindex="cp">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1123" mergedindex="cp">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1102">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="doubleacute">o</accent> Long Hungarian umlaut accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\k</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalogonek</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1108" mergedindex="cp">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1109" mergedindex="cp">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1065">ogonek</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1124" mergedindex="cp">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1125" mergedindex="cp">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1103">ogonek</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ogon">o</accent> Ogonek. Not available in the OT1 encoding.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\r</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalring</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1110" mergedindex="cp">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1111" mergedindex="cp">\capitalring</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1066">ring accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1126" mergedindex="cp">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1127" mergedindex="cp">\capitalring</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1104">ring accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ring">o</accent> Ring accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\t</itemformat></item>
@@ -19759,11 +20128,11 @@
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltie</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\newtie</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalnewtie</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1112" mergedindex="cp">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1113" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1114" mergedindex="cp">\newtie</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1115" mergedindex="cp">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1067">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1128" mergedindex="cp">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1129" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1130" mergedindex="cp">\newtie</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1131" mergedindex="cp">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1105">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Tie-after accent (used for transliterating from Cyrillic, such as in the
ALA-LC romanization). It expects that the argument has two characters.
The <code>\newtie</code> form is centered in its box.
@@ -19770,30 +20139,30 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\u</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalbreve</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1116" mergedindex="cp">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1117" mergedindex="cp">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1068">breve accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1132" mergedindex="cp">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1133" mergedindex="cp">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1106">breve accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="breve">o</accent> Breve accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\v</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcaron</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1118" mergedindex="cp">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1119" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1069">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1070">check accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1071">caron accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1134" mergedindex="cp">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1135" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1107">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1108">check accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1109">caron accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="caron">o</accent> H<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check, caron) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\accent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Low level command to produce an accented character.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\accent</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Low level command to produce an accented character.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<node name="_005caccent" spaces=" "><nodename>\accent</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Accents</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\accent</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1120" mergedindex="cp">\accent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1136" mergedindex="cp">\accent</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19849,12 +20218,12 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Additional Latin letters</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1072">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1073">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1074">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1075">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1076">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1077">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1110">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1111">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1112">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1113">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1114">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1115">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Here are the basic &latex; commands for inserting letters beyond
A&textndash;Z that extend the Latin alphabet, used primarily in languages other
@@ -19863,24 +20232,24 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\aa</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AA</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1121" mergedindex="cp">\aa <r>(å)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1122" mergedindex="cp">\AA <r>(Å)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1078">aring</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1137" mergedindex="cp">\aa <r>(å)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1138" mergedindex="cp">\AA <r>(Å)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1116">aring</indexterm></cindex>
<para>å and Å.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ae</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AE</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1123" mergedindex="cp">\ae <r>(æ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1124" mergedindex="cp">\AE <r>(Æ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1079">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1139" mergedindex="cp">\ae <r>(æ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1140" mergedindex="cp">\AE <r>(Æ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1117">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex>
<para>æ and Æ.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dh</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DH</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1125" mergedindex="cp">\dh <r>(ð)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1126" mergedindex="cp">\DH <r>(Ð)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1080">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1081">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1141" mergedindex="cp">\dh <r>(ð)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1142" mergedindex="cp">\DH <r>(Ð)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1118">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1119">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Icelandic letter eth: ð and Ð. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc>
encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate
font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
@@ -19887,8 +20256,8 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dj</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DJ</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1127" mergedindex="cp">\dj</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1128" mergedindex="cp">\DJ</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1143" mergedindex="cp">\dj</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1144" mergedindex="cp">\DJ</indexterm></findex>
<para>Crossed d and D, a.k.a.&noeos; capital and small letter d with stroke. Not
available with <sc>OT1</sc> encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to
select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
@@ -19895,52 +20264,52 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ij</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\IJ</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1129" mergedindex="cp">\ij <r>(ij)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1130" mergedindex="cp">\IJ <r>(IJ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1082">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1145" mergedindex="cp">\ij <r>(ij)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1146" mergedindex="cp">\IJ <r>(IJ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1120">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\l</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\L</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1131" mergedindex="cp">\l <r>(&lslash;)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1132" mergedindex="cp">\L <r>(&Lslash;)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1083">polish l</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1147" mergedindex="cp">\l <r>(&lslash;)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1148" mergedindex="cp">\L <r>(&Lslash;)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1121">polish l</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&lslash; and &Lslash;.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ng</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\NG</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1133" mergedindex="cp">\ng</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1134" mergedindex="cp">\NG</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1149" mergedindex="cp">\ng</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1150" mergedindex="cp">\NG</indexterm></findex>
<para>Lappish letter eng, also used in phonetics.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\o</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\O</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1135" mergedindex="cp">\o <r>(ø)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1136" mergedindex="cp">\O <r>(Ø)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1084">oslash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1151" mergedindex="cp">\o <r>(ø)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1152" mergedindex="cp">\O <r>(Ø)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1122">oslash</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ø and Ø.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\oe</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\OE</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1137" mergedindex="cp">\oe <r>(œ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1138" mergedindex="cp">\OE <r>(Œ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1085">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1153" mergedindex="cp">\oe <r>(œ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1154" mergedindex="cp">\OE <r>(Œ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1123">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex>
<para>œ and Œ.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ss</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\SS</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1139" mergedindex="cp">\ss <r>(ß)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1140" mergedindex="cp">\SS <r>(SS)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1086">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1087">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1155" mergedindex="cp">\ss <r>(ß)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1156" mergedindex="cp">\SS <r>(SS)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1124">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1125">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ß and SS.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\th</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\TH</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1141" mergedindex="cp">\th <r>(þ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1142" mergedindex="cp">\TH <r>(Þ)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1088">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1089">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1157" mergedindex="cp">\th <r>(þ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1158" mergedindex="cp">\TH <r>(Þ)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1126">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1127">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Icelandic letter thorn: þ and Þ. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc>
encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate
font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
@@ -19952,7 +20321,7 @@
<node name="inputenc-package" spaces=" "><nodename>inputenc package</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Additional Latin letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>inputenc</code> package</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1143" mergedindex="cp">inputenc</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1159" mergedindex="cp">inputenc</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19960,61 +20329,60 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\usepackage[<var>encoding-name</var>]{inputenc}
</pre></example>
-<para>Declare the input file&textrsquo;s text encoding to be <var>encoding-name</var>. The
-default, if this package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically,
-specifying the encoding name is optional, but in practice it is not
-useful to omit it.
+<para>Declare the input file&textrsquo;s text encoding to be <var>encoding-name</var>. (For
+basic background, <pxref label="Input-encodings"><xrefnodename>Input encodings</xrefnodename></pxref>). The default, if this
+package is not loaded, is UTF-8. Technically, specifying the encoding
+name is optional, but in practice it is not useful to omit it.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1090">encoding, of input files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1091">character encoding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1092">Unicode</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>In a computer file, the characters are stored according to a scheme
-called the <dfn>encoding</dfn>. There are many different encodings. The
-simplest is ASCII, which supports 95 printable characters, not enough
-for most of the world&textrsquo;s languages. For instance, to typeset the
-a-umlaut character <samp><accent type="uml">a</accent></samp> in an ASCII-encoded &latex; source file, the
-sequence <code>\"a</code> is used. This would make source files for anything
-but English hard to read; even for English, often a more extensive
-encoding is more convenient.
+<para>The <code>inputenc</code> package tells &latex; what encoding is used. For
+instance, the following command explicitly says that the input file is
+UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
</para>
-<para>The modern encoding standard, in some ways a union of the others, is
-UTF-8, one of the representations of Unicode. This is the default for
-&latex; since 2018.
-</para>
-<para>The <code>inputenc</code> package is how &latex; knows what encoding is
-used. For instance, the following command explicitly says that the
-input file is UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
-</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
</pre></example>
+<para>The most common values for <var>encoding-name</var> are: <code>ascii</code>,
+<code>latin1</code>, <code>latin2</code>, <code>latin3</code>, <code>latin4</code>,
+<code>latin5</code>, <code>latin9</code>, <code>latin10</code>, <code>utf8</code>.
+</para>
<para>Caution: use <code>inputenc</code> only with the pdf&tex; engine
-(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>). (The Xe&tex; and Lua&tex; engines assume
-that the input file is UTF-8 encoded.) If you invoke &latex; with
-either the <command>xelatex</command> command or the <command>lualatex</command>
-command, and try to declare a non-UTF-8 encoding with <code>inputenc</code>,
-such as <code>latin1</code>, then you will get the error <code>inputenc is
-not designed for xetex or luatex</code>.
+(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>); with <command>xelatex</command> or
+<command>lualatex</command>, declaring a non-UTF-8 encoding with
+<code>inputenc</code>, such as <code>latin1</code>, will get the error
+<code>inputenc is not designed for xetex or luatex</code>.
</para>
<para>An <code>inputenc</code> package error such as <code>Invalid UTF-8 byte "96</code>
means that some of the material in the input file does not follow the
encoding scheme. Often these errors come from copying material from a
-document that uses a different encoding than the input file; this one
-is a left single quote from a web page using <code>latin1</code> inside a
-&latex; input file that uses UTF-8. The simplest solution is to
-replace the non-UTF-8 character with its UTF-8 equivalent, or use a
-&latex; equivalent command or character.
+document that uses a different encoding than the input file. The
+simplest solution is often to replace the non-UTF-8 character with a
+UTF-8 or &latex; equivalent.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1144" mergedindex="cp">\inputencoding</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1128"><r>package</r>, <code>luainputenc</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1129"><code>luainputenc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1160" mergedindex="cp">\XeTeXinputencoding</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1161" mergedindex="cp">\XeTeXdefaultencoding</indexterm></findex>
+<para>If you need to process a non-UTF-8 document with Lua&tex;, you can
+use the <code>luainputenc</code> package
+(<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc</urefurl></url>). With Xe&tex;, the
+<code>\XeTeXinputencoding</code> and <code>\XeTeXdefaultencoding</code> primitives
+can be used (for an explanation and examples, see
+<url><urefurl>https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948</urefurl></url>).
+</para>
+<pindex index="pg" spaces=" "><indexterm index="pg" number="1">recode <r>to change character encoding</r></indexterm></pindex>
+<pindex index="pg" spaces=" "><indexterm index="pg" number="2">iconv <r>to change character encoding</r></indexterm></pindex>
+<para>It&textrsquo;s also possible to re-encode a document from an 8-bit encoding to
+UTF-8 outside of &tex;, using system utilities. For example,
+<samp>recode latin1..utf8</samp> or <samp>iconv -f latin1 -t utf8</samp>.
+</para>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1162" mergedindex="cp">\inputencoding</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="_005cinputencoding">\inputencoding</anchor>
-<para>In some documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
+<para>In a few documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
variety of authors, changing the encoding in mid-document may be
-necessary. Use the command
-<code>\inputencoding{<var>encoding-name</var>}</code>. The most common values
-for <var>encoding-name</var> are: <code>ascii</code>, <code>latin1</code>,
-<code>latin2</code>, <code>latin3</code>, <code>latin4</code>, <code>latin5</code>,
-<code>latin9</code>, <code>latin10</code>, and <code>utf8</code>.
+necessary. You can use the command
+<code>\inputencoding{<var>encoding-name</var>}</code> for this.
</para>
</section>
@@ -20021,7 +20389,7 @@
<node name="_005crule" spaces=" "><nodename>\rule</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\today</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">inputenc package</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rule</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1145" mergedindex="cp">\rule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1163" mergedindex="cp">\rule</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -20032,8 +20400,8 @@
<para>Produce a <dfn>rule</dfn>, a filled-in rectangle.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1093">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1094">tombstone</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1130">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1131">tombstone</indexterm></cindex>
<para>This example produces a rectangular blob, sometimes called a Halmos symbol,
or just &textldquo;qed&textrdquo;, often used to mark the end of a proof:
</para>
@@ -20041,8 +20409,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\qedsymbol}{\rule{0.4em}{2ex}}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1095"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1096"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1132"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1133"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The <code>amsthm</code> package includes this command, with a somewhat
@@ -20073,9 +20441,9 @@
<node name="_005ctoday" spaces=" "><nodename>\today</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\rule</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\today</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1146" mergedindex="cp">\today</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1097">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1098">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1164" mergedindex="cp">\today</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1134">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1135">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20087,11 +20455,11 @@
<var>yyyy</var></samp>. An example of a date in that format is <samp>July 4,
1976</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1099"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1100"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1136"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1137"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1101"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1102"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1138"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1139"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Multilingual packages such as <code>babel</code> or <code>polyglossia</code>, or
classes such as <file>lettre</file>, will localize <code>\today</code>. For example,
@@ -20110,8 +20478,8 @@
<para><code>\today</code> uses the counters <code>\day</code>, <code>\month</code>, and
<code>\year</code> (<pxref label="_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear"><xrefnodename>\day & \month & \year</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1103"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1104"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1140"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1141"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A number of package on CTAN work with dates. One is <code>datetime</code> package
which can produce a wide variety of date formats, including ISO standards.
@@ -20125,8 +20493,8 @@
<node name="Splitting-the-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Splitting the input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Splitting the input</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1105">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1106">input file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1142">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1143">input file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; lets you split a large document into several smaller ones.
This can simplify editing or allow multiple authors to work on the
@@ -20133,8 +20501,8 @@
document. It can also speed processing.
</para>
<para>Regardless of how many separate files you use, there is always one
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1107">root file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1108">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1144">root file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1145">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>root file</dfn>, on which &latex; compilation starts. This shows such
a file with five included files.
</para>
@@ -20175,9 +20543,9 @@
<para><xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template</xrefnodename></xref>, for another example of <code>\includeonly</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\endinput</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stop including material from a file.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\include & \includeonly</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Conditionally include files.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unconditionally include a file.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\endinput</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stop including material from a file.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\include & \includeonly</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Conditionally include files.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\input</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unconditionally include a file.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -20185,7 +20553,7 @@
<node name="_005cendinput" spaces=" "><nodename>\endinput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\include & \includeonly</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\endinput</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1147" mergedindex="cp">\endinput</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1165" mergedindex="cp">\endinput</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20229,8 +20597,8 @@
<anchor name="_005cinclude">\include</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cincludeonly">\includeonly</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1148" mergedindex="cp">\include</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1149" mergedindex="cp">\includeonly</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1166" mergedindex="cp">\include</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1167" mergedindex="cp">\includeonly</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20329,7 +20697,7 @@
dashes or underscores. Nevertheless, for the name <samp>amo amas amat</samp>,
this works under &tex; Live on GNU/Linux:
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1150" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1168" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{book}
\includeonly{
@@ -20352,7 +20720,7 @@
\end{document}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1109">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1146">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You cannot use <code>\include</code> inside a file that is being included or
you get <samp>LaTeX Error: \include cannot be nested.</samp> The
<code>\include</code> command cannot appear in the document preamble; you will
@@ -20374,7 +20742,7 @@
<node name="_005cinput" spaces=" "><nodename>\input</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\include & \includeonly</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\input</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1151" mergedindex="cp">\input</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1169" mergedindex="cp">\input</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20409,7 +20777,7 @@
dashes or underscores. Nevertheless, for the name <samp>amo amas amat</samp>,
this works under &tex; Live on GNU/Linux:
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1152" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1170" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\input{"amo\space amas\space amat"}
</pre></example>
@@ -20427,9 +20795,9 @@
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Front/back matter</sectiontitle>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Table of contents etc.</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Indexes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate an index.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Glossaries</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a glossary.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Table of contents etc.</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Indexes</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate an index.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Glossaries</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a glossary.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
<!-- c no comma in the node name because Texinfo doesn't support that well. -->
@@ -20436,14 +20804,14 @@
<node name="Table-of-contents-etc_002e" spaces=" "><nodename>Table of contents etc.</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Indexes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1110">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1147">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1153" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1154" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1155" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1156" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1157" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1158" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1171" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1172" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1173" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1174" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1175" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1176" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -20512,7 +20880,7 @@
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}First subsection}{2}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1159" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1177" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>Each line contains a single command, <code>\contentsline</code>
(<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>). The first argument, the <code>section</code> or
@@ -20567,11 +20935,11 @@
<code>1.55em</code>. Change these as with
<code>\renewcommand{\&arobase;tocrmarg}{3.5em}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1111"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1112"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1148"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1149"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1113"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1114"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1150"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1151"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>CTAN has many packages for the table of contents and lists of figures
and tables (<pxref label="CTAN"><xrefnodename>CTAN</xrefnodename></pxref>). The package <code>tocloft</code> is convenient for
@@ -20589,22 +20957,22 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1115"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1116"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1152"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1153"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1117"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1118"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1154"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1155"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Internationalization packages such as <code>babel</code> or <code>polyglossia</code>
will change these headers depending on the chosen base language.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;dottedtocline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Format entry line in table of contents, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addcontentsline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add an entry to table of contents, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtocontents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add text directly to table of contents file, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\contentsline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set line in table of contents, etc.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\nofiles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Prevent writing to auxiliary files.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\numberline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put its number argument flush left in a box.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\&arobase;dottedtocline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Format entry line in table of contents, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\addcontentsline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add an entry to table of contents, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\addtocontents</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add text directly to table of contents file, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\contentsline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set line in table of contents, etc.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\nofiles</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Prevent writing to auxiliary files.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\numberline</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put its number argument flush left in a box.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -20611,8 +20979,8 @@
<node name="_005c_0040dottedtocline" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;dottedtocline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;dottedtocline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1160" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;dottedtocline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1119">table of contents entry, create dotted line</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1178" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;dottedtocline</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1156">table of contents entry, create dotted line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20640,7 +21008,7 @@
the final <var>text</var> and <var>pagenumber</var> arguments in the synopsis
from a call to <code>\contentsline</code> (<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1120">leaders, dots in table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1157">leaders, dots in table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these <code>\&arobase;dottedtocline</code> commands insert <dfn>leaders</dfn>, that
is, evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
@@ -20657,8 +21025,8 @@
<node name="_005caddcontentsline" spaces=" "><nodename>\addcontentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;dottedtocline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addcontentsline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1161" mergedindex="cp">\addcontentsline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1121">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1179" mergedindex="cp">\addcontentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1158">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20666,7 +21034,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\addcontentsline{<var>ext</var>}{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1162" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1180" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Add an entry to the auxiliary file with extension <var>ext</var>.
</para>
<para>The following will result in an <samp>Appendices</samp> line in the table of
@@ -20761,7 +21129,7 @@
<node name="_005caddtocontents" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocontents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\contentsline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtocontents</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1163" mergedindex="cp">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1181" mergedindex="cp">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20837,17 +21205,17 @@
<node name="_005ccontentsline" spaces=" "><nodename>\contentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nofiles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\contentsline</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1122">table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1164" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1165" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1166" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1167" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1168" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1169" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1170" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1171" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;chapter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1172" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;section</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1173" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;subsection</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1159">table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1182" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1183" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1184" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1185" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1186" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1187" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1188" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1189" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;chapter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1190" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;section</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1191" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;subsection</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20884,14 +21252,14 @@
where <var>filetype</var> is <code>toc</code>, <code>lof</code>, or <code>lot</code>
(<pxref label="_005caddcontentsline"><xrefnodename>\addcontentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1123"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1124"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1160"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1161"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For manipulating how the <code>\contentline</code> material is typeset, see
the <code>tocloft</code> package.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1125"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1126"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1162"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1163"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that the <code>hyperref</code> package changes the definition of
<code>\contentsline</code> (and <code>\addcontentsline</code>) to add more
@@ -20906,7 +21274,7 @@
<node name="_005cnofiles" spaces=" "><nodename>\nofiles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\numberline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\contentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\nofiles</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1174" mergedindex="cp">\nofiles</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1192" mergedindex="cp">\nofiles</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20941,7 +21309,7 @@
<node name="_005cnumberline" spaces=" "><nodename>\numberline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nofiles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\numberline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1175" mergedindex="cp">\numberline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1193" mergedindex="cp">\numberline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20987,11 +21355,11 @@
<node name="Indexes" spaces=" "><nodename>Indexes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Glossaries</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Indexes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1127">indexes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1164">indexes</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1176" mergedindex="cp">\makeindex</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1177" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1128"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1194" mergedindex="cp">\makeindex</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1195" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1165"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>If you tell &latex; what terms you want to appear in an index then it
can produce that index, alphabetized and with the page numbers
@@ -21041,14 +21409,14 @@
index entries to the auxiliary file. Leaving out the <code>\printindex</code>
will cause &latex; to not show the index in the document output.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1129"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1130"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1166"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1167"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1131"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1132"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1168"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1169"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1133">index, multiple</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1134">multiple indexes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1170">index, multiple</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1171">multiple indexes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages in the area of indexing. The <code>showidx</code>
package causes each index entries to be shown in the margin on the
page where the <code>\index</code> appears. This can help in preparing the index.
@@ -21058,10 +21426,10 @@
<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/topic/index-multi</urefurl></url>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Produce the index manually</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetize entries yourself.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declare an index entry.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">makeindex</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetize index entries automatically.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\printindex</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put the index here.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Produce the index manually</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetize entries yourself.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\index</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declare an index entry.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>makeindex</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetize index entries automatically.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\printindex</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put the index here.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -21068,15 +21436,15 @@
<node name="Produce-the-index-manually" spaces=" "><nodename>Produce the index manually</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\index</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Produce the index manually</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1135">index, producing manually</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1178" mergedindex="cp">theindex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1172">index, producing manually</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1196" mergedindex="cp">theindex</indexterm></findex>
<para>Documents that are small and static can have a manually produced index.
This will make a separate page labeled <samp>Index</samp>, in twocolumn
format.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1179" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theindex</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1180" mergedindex="cp"><code>theindex</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1197" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theindex</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1198" mergedindex="cp"><code>theindex</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{theindex}
@@ -21093,10 +21461,10 @@
in most cases automated methods such as <command>makeindex</command> are best.
<xref label="Indexes"><xrefnodename>Indexes</xrefnodename></xref>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1181" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1182" mergedindex="cp">\subitem</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1183" mergedindex="cp">\subsubitem</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1184" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1199" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1200" mergedindex="cp">\subitem</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1201" mergedindex="cp">\subsubitem</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1202" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>However we cover the commands for completeness, and because the
automated methods are based on these commands. There are three levels
of entries. As the example shows, a main entry uses <code>\item</code>,
@@ -21111,8 +21479,8 @@
<node name="_005cindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\index</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">makeindex</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Produce the index manually</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\index</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1136">index entry</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1185" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1173">index entry</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1203" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21138,7 +21506,7 @@
rate of growth\index{Ackermann!function!growth rate}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1137">index entries, subentries</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1174">index entries, subentries</indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>All three index entries will get a page number, such as <samp>Ackermann,
22</samp>. &latex; will format the second as a subitem of the first, on the
@@ -21158,7 +21526,7 @@
instance <code>\index{Ackermann!function}</code> could come before
<code>\index{Ackermann}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1138">index, page range</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1175">index, page range</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Get a page range in the output, like <samp>Hilbert, 23--27</samp>, as here.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -21179,14 +21547,14 @@
followed by two subitems, like <samp>program, 50</samp> and <samp>results,
51</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1139">see and see also index entries</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1140">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1186" mergedindex="cp">\seename</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1187" mergedindex="cp">\alsoname</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1141"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1142"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1143"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1144"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1176">see and see also index entries</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1177">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1204" mergedindex="cp">\seename</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1205" mergedindex="cp">\alsoname</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1178"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1179"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1180"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1181"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Generate a index entry that says <samp>see</samp> by using a vertical bar
@@ -21243,8 +21611,8 @@
an index entry, escape it by preceding it with a double quote, <code>"</code>.
(The double quote gets deleted before alphabetization.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1145"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1146"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1182"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1183"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A number of packages on CTAN have additional functionality beyond that
provided by <code>makeidx</code>. One is <code>index</code>, which allows for
@@ -21252,8 +21620,8 @@
<code>\index*{<var>index-entry-string</var>}</code> that prints the
<var>index-entry-string</var> as well as indexing it.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1188" mergedindex="cp">\indexentry</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1147">idx file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1206" mergedindex="cp">\indexentry</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1184">idx file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\index</code> command writes the indexing information to the file
<file><var>root-name</var>.idx</file> file. Specifically, it writes text of the
command
@@ -21275,11 +21643,11 @@
<node name="makeindex" spaces=" "><nodename>makeindex</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\printindex</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\index</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>makeindex</command></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1148">index, processing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1189" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1149"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1150"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1151"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1185">index, processing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1207" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1186"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1187"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1188"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -21295,9 +21663,9 @@
actual index file, the <file><var>filename</var>.ind</file> file that is input by
<code>\printindex</code> (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1152"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1190" mergedindex="cp">index, style file</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1191" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, style file</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1189"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1208" mergedindex="cp">index, style file</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1209" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, style file</indexterm></findex>
<para>The first form of the command suffices for many uses. The second allows
you to format the index by using an <dfn>index style file</dfn>, a
<file>.isty</file> file. The third form is the most general; see the full
@@ -21335,17 +21703,17 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="makeindex-preamble">makeindex preamble</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1192" mergedindex="cp">preamble</indexterm>preamble</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1210" mergedindex="cp">preamble</indexterm>preamble</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Preamble of the output index file. Defines the context in which the index is
formatted. Default: <code>"\\begin{theindex}\n"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-postamble">makeindex postamble</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1193" mergedindex="cp">postamble</indexterm>postamble</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1211" mergedindex="cp">postamble</indexterm>postamble</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Postamble of the output index file. Default: <code>"\n\n\\end{theindex}\n"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-group-skip">makeindex group skip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1194" mergedindex="cp">group_skip</indexterm>group_skip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1195" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1212" mergedindex="cp">group_skip</indexterm>group_skip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1213" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Traditionally index items are broken into groups, typically a group for
entries starting with letter <samp>a</samp>, etc. This specifier gives what
is inserted when a new group begins. Default: <code>"\n\n
@@ -21353,7 +21721,7 @@
length, by default <code>10pt plus5pt minus3pt</code>).
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-letheadflag">makeindex letheadflag</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1196" mergedindex="cp">lethead_flag</indexterm>lethead_flag</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1214" mergedindex="cp">lethead_flag</indexterm>lethead_flag</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer. It governs what is inserted for a new group or letter. If
it is 0 (which is the default) then other than <code>group_skip</code> nothing
will be inserted before the group. If it is positive then at a new
@@ -21363,93 +21731,93 @@
is 0.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-lethead-prefix">makeindex lethead prefix</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1197" mergedindex="cp">lethead_prefix</indexterm>lethead_prefix</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1215" mergedindex="cp">lethead_prefix</indexterm>lethead_prefix</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>If a new group begins with a different letter then this is the prefix
inserted before the new letter header. Default: <code>""</code>
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-lethead-suffix">makeindex lethead suffix</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1198" mergedindex="cp">lethead_suffix</indexterm>lethead_suffix</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1216" mergedindex="cp">lethead_suffix</indexterm>lethead_suffix</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>If a group begins with a different letter then this is the suffix
inserted after the new letter header. Default: <code>""</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-0">makeindex item 0</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1199" mergedindex="cp">item_0</indexterm>item_0 </itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1217" mergedindex="cp">item_0</indexterm>item_0 </itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between two level 0 items. Default: <code>"\n \\item
"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-1">makeindex item 1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1200" mergedindex="cp">item_1</indexterm>item_1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1218" mergedindex="cp">item_1</indexterm>item_1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put between two level 1 items. Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-2">makeindex item 2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1201" mergedindex="cp">item_2</indexterm>item_2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1219" mergedindex="cp">item_2</indexterm>item_2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>put between two level 2 items. Default: <code>"\n \\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-01">makeindex item 01</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1202" mergedindex="cp">item_01</indexterm>item_01</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1220" mergedindex="cp">item_01</indexterm>item_01</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.
Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-x1">makeindex item x1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1203" mergedindex="cp">item_x1</indexterm>item_x1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1221" mergedindex="cp">item_x1</indexterm>item_x1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 0 item and a level 1 item in the
case that the level 0 item doesn&textrsquo;t have any page numbers (as in
<code>\index{aaa|see{bbb}}</code>). Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-12">makeindex item 12</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1204" mergedindex="cp">item_12</indexterm>item_12</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1222" mergedindex="cp">item_12</indexterm>item_12</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.
Default: <code>"\n \\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-x2">makeindex item x2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1205" mergedindex="cp">item_x2</indexterm>item_x2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1223" mergedindex="cp">item_x2</indexterm>item_x2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 1 item and a level 2 item, if the
level 1 item doesn&textrsquo;t have page numbers. Default: <code>"\n
\\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-0">makeindex delim 0</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1206" mergedindex="cp">delim_0</indexterm>delim_0</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1224" mergedindex="cp">delim_0</indexterm>delim_0</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter put between a level 0 key and its first page
number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-1">makeindex delim 1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1207" mergedindex="cp">delim_1</indexterm>delim_1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1225" mergedindex="cp">delim_1</indexterm>delim_1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter put between a level 1 key and its first page
number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-2">makeindex delim 2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1208" mergedindex="cp">delim_2</indexterm>delim_2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1226" mergedindex="cp">delim_2</indexterm>delim_2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter between a level 2 key and its first page number. Default:
a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-n">makeindex delim n</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1209" mergedindex="cp">delim_n</indexterm>delim_n</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1227" mergedindex="cp">delim_n</indexterm>delim_n</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter between two page numbers for the same key (at any
level). Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-r">makeindex delim r</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1210" mergedindex="cp">delim_r</indexterm>delim_r</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1228" mergedindex="cp">delim_r</indexterm>delim_r</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between the starting and ending page numbers of a range.
Default: <code>"--"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-line-max">makeindex line max</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1211" mergedindex="cp">line_max</indexterm>line_max</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1229" mergedindex="cp">line_max</indexterm>line_max</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer. Maximum length of an index entry&textrsquo;s line in the output,
beyond which the line wraps. Default: <code>72</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-indent-space">makeindex indent space</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1212" mergedindex="cp">indent_space</indexterm>indent_space</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1230" mergedindex="cp">indent_space</indexterm>indent_space</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is inserted at the start of a wrapped line. Default:
<code>"\t\t"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-indent-length">makeindex indent length</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1213" mergedindex="cp">indent_length</indexterm>indent_length</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1231" mergedindex="cp">indent_length</indexterm>indent_length</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A number. The length of the wrapped line indentation. The default
<code>indent_space</code> is two tabs and each tab is eight spaces so the
default here is <code>16</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-page-precedence">makeindex page precedence</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1214" mergedindex="cp">page_precedence</indexterm>page_precedence</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1232" mergedindex="cp">page_precedence</indexterm>page_precedence</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A document may have pages numbered in different ways. For example, a
book may have front matter pages numbered in lowercase roman while main
matter pages are in arabic. This string specifies the order in which
@@ -21461,7 +21829,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1215" mergedindex="cp">xindy <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1233" mergedindex="cp">xindy <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>There are a number of other programs that do the job
<command>makeindex</command> does. One is <command>xindy</command>
(<uref><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/xindy</urefurl></uref>), which does internationalization and can
@@ -21470,7 +21838,7 @@
markup terms and in terms of the collating order of the text, as
described in its documentation.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1216" mergedindex="cp">xindex <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1234" mergedindex="cp">xindex <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>A more recent indexing program supporting Unicode is <code>xindex</code>,
written in Lua (<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/xindex</urefurl></url>).
</para>
@@ -21479,8 +21847,8 @@
<node name="_005cprintindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\printindex</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">makeindex</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>\printindex</command></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1153">index, printing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1217" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1190">index, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1235" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21490,8 +21858,8 @@
<para>Place the index into the output.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1154"><r>package</r>, <code>makeidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1155"><code>makeidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1191"><r>package</r>, <code>makeidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1192"><code>makeidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To get an index you must first include
<code>\usepackage{makeidx}\makeindex</code> in the document preamble and
@@ -21505,11 +21873,11 @@
<node name="Glossaries" spaces=" "><nodename>Glossaries</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Indexes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Glossaries</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1156">glossary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1157">glossaries</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1158">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1218" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1219" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1193">glossary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1194">glossaries</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1195">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1236" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1237" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21553,9 +21921,9 @@
<samp>Turing machine</samp> and the rest of the item says in normal type
<samp>A model of a machine &dots; Computer Science</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1220" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1221" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1159"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1238" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1239" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1196"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The command <code>\makeglossary</code> opens the file that will contain the
entry information, <file><var>root-file</var>.glo</file>. Put the
<code>\printglossaries</code> command where you want the glossaries to appear
@@ -21567,8 +21935,8 @@
CTAN.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newglossaryentry</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declare the content of a glossary entry.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\gls</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Give a page reference for a glossary entry.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\newglossaryentry</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declare the content of a glossary entry.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\gls</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Give a page reference for a glossary entry.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -21575,8 +21943,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewglossaryentry" spaces=" "><nodename>\newglossaryentry</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\gls</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newglossaryentry</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1160">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1222" mergedindex="cp">\newglossaryentry</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1197">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1240" mergedindex="cp">\newglossaryentry</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -21622,22 +21990,22 @@
here are a few.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1223" mergedindex="cp">name</indexterm>name</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1241" mergedindex="cp">name</indexterm>name</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>(Required.) The word, phrase, or symbol that you are defining.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1224" mergedindex="cp">description</indexterm>description</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1242" mergedindex="cp">description</indexterm>description</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>(Required.) The description that will appear in the glossary.
If this has more than one paragraph then you must use the second command
form given in the synopsis.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1225" mergedindex="cp">plural</indexterm>plural</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1243" mergedindex="cp">plural</indexterm>plural</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>The plural form of <var>name</var>. Refer to the plural form using
<code>\glspl</code> or <code>\Glspl</code> (<pxref label="_005cgls"><xrefnodename>\gls</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1226" mergedindex="cp">sort</indexterm>sort</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1244" mergedindex="cp">sort</indexterm>sort</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>How to place this entry in the list of entries that the glossary holds.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1227" mergedindex="cp">symbol</indexterm>symbol</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1245" mergedindex="cp">symbol</indexterm>symbol</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A symbol, such as a mathematical symbol, besides the name.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -21647,8 +22015,8 @@
<node name="_005cgls" spaces=" "><nodename>\gls</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\newglossaryentry</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\gls</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1161">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1228" mergedindex="cp">\gls</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1198">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1246" mergedindex="cp">\gls</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -21689,8 +22057,8 @@
<node name="Letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Letters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Input/output</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Letters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1162">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1163">writing letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1199">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1200">writing letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21740,7 +22108,7 @@
Each <code>letter</code> environment body typically ends with a
<code>\closing</code> command such as <code>\closing{Yours,}</code>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1229" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for letters)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1247" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for letters)</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Additional material may come after the <code>\closing</code>. You can say who
is receiving a copy of the letter with a command like <code>\cc{the
Boss \\ the Boss's Boss}</code>. There&textrsquo;s a similar <code>\encl</code> command for
@@ -21777,17 +22145,17 @@
<para>These commands are used with the <code>letter</code> class.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\address</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s return address.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cc</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Carbon copy list.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\closing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying goodbye.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\encl</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of enclosed material.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\location</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s organizational location.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makelabels</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make address labels.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\name</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s name, for the return address.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\opening</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying hello.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ps</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Adding a postscript.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\signature</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s signature.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\telephone</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s phone number.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\address</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s return address.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\cc</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Carbon copy list.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\closing</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying goodbye.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\encl</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of enclosed material.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\location</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s organizational location.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\makelabels</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make address labels.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\name</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s name, for the return address.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\opening</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying hello.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\ps</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Adding a postscript.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\signature</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s signature.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\telephone</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sender&textrsquo;s phone number.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -21794,7 +22162,7 @@
<node name="_005caddress" spaces=" "><nodename>\address</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cc</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\address</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1230" mergedindex="cp">\address</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1248" mergedindex="cp">\address</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21827,8 +22195,8 @@
<node name="_005ccc" spaces=" "><nodename>\cc</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\closing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\address</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cc</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1231" mergedindex="cp">\cc</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1164">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1249" mergedindex="cp">\cc</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1201">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21852,9 +22220,9 @@
<node name="_005cclosing" spaces=" "><nodename>\closing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\encl</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cc</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\closing</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1232" mergedindex="cp">\closing</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1165">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1166">closing letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1250" mergedindex="cp">\closing</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1202">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1203">closing letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21874,8 +22242,8 @@
<node name="_005cencl" spaces=" "><nodename>\encl</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\location</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\closing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\encl</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1233" mergedindex="cp">\encl</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1167">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1251" mergedindex="cp">\encl</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1204">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21898,7 +22266,7 @@
<node name="_005clocation" spaces=" "><nodename>\location</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makelabels</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\encl</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\location</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1234" mergedindex="cp">\location</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1252" mergedindex="cp">\location</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21914,7 +22282,7 @@
<node name="_005cmakelabels" spaces=" "><nodename>\makelabels</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\name</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\location</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makelabels</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1235" mergedindex="cp">\makelabels</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1253" mergedindex="cp">\makelabels</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21971,8 +22339,8 @@
<para>The first column contains the return address twice. The second column
contains the address for each recipient.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1168"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1169"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1205"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1206"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>envlab</code> makes formatting the labels easier, with
standard sizes already provided. The preamble lines
@@ -21984,7 +22352,7 @@
<node name="_005cname" spaces=" "><nodename>\name</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\opening</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makelabels</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\name</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1236" mergedindex="cp">\name</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1254" mergedindex="cp">\name</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22000,8 +22368,8 @@
<node name="_005copening" spaces=" "><nodename>\opening</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ps</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\name</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\opening</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1237" mergedindex="cp">\opening</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1170">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1255" mergedindex="cp">\opening</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1207">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22020,8 +22388,8 @@
</section>
<node name="_005cps" spaces=" "><nodename>\ps</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\signature</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\opening</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ps</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1238" mergedindex="cp">\ps</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1171">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1256" mergedindex="cp">\ps</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1208">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22048,7 +22416,7 @@
... }
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1239" mergedindex="cp">\signature</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1257" mergedindex="cp">\signature</indexterm></findex>
<para>The sender&textrsquo;s name. This command is optional, although its inclusion is
usual.
@@ -22089,7 +22457,7 @@
<node name="_005ctelephone" spaces=" "><nodename>\telephone</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\signature</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\telephone</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1240" mergedindex="cp">\telephone</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1258" mergedindex="cp">\telephone</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22108,9 +22476,9 @@
<node name="Input_002foutput" spaces=" "><nodename>Input/output</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line interface</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Input/output</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1172">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1173">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1174">input/output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1209">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1210">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1211">input/output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; uses the ability to write to a file and later read it back in
to build document components such as a table of contents or index. You
@@ -22119,11 +22487,11 @@
And, you can issue instructions for the operating system.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\openin & \openout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Open a file.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\read</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from a file.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\typein</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from the terminal.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\typeout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the terminal.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\write</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to a file or terminal.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\openin & \openout</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Open a file.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\read</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from a file.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\typein</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from the terminal.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\typeout</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the terminal.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\write</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to a file or terminal.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -22134,13 +22502,13 @@
<anchor name="_005copenout">\openout</anchor>
<anchor name="_005cclosein">\closein</anchor>
<anchor name="_005ccloseout">\closeout</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1241" mergedindex="cp">\openin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1242" mergedindex="cp">\openout</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1243" mergedindex="cp">\closein</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1244" mergedindex="cp">\closeout</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1175">file, opening</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1176">file, closing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1177">open a file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1259" mergedindex="cp">\openin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1260" mergedindex="cp">\openout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1261" mergedindex="cp">\closein</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1262" mergedindex="cp">\closeout</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1212">file, opening</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1213">file, closing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1214">open a file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22222,9 +22590,9 @@
<node name="_005cread" spaces=" "><nodename>\read</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typein</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\openin & \openout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\read</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1245" mergedindex="cp">\read</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1178">file, reading</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1179">read a file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1263" mergedindex="cp">\read</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1215">file, reading</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1216">read a file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22257,10 +22625,10 @@
<code>\input</code> (<pxref label="_005cinput"><xrefnodename>\input</xrefnodename></pxref>) or <code>\include</code> (<pxref label="_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly"><xrefnodename>\include &
\includeonly</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1180"><r>package</r>, <code>datatool</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1181"><code>datatool</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1217"><r>package</r>, <code>datatool</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1218"><code>datatool</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1182">mail merges</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1219">mail merges</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common reason to want to read from a data file is to do mail merges.
CTAN has a number of packages for that; one is <code>datatool</code>.
</para>
@@ -22269,7 +22637,7 @@
<node name="_005ctypein" spaces=" "><nodename>\typein</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typeout</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\read</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typein</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1246" mergedindex="cp">\typein</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1264" mergedindex="cp">\typein</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -22332,7 +22700,7 @@
<node name="_005ctypeout" spaces=" "><nodename>\typeout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\write</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\typein</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typeout</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1247" mergedindex="cp">\typeout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1265" mergedindex="cp">\typeout</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22355,7 +22723,7 @@
<code>\renewcommand</code> (among others) are replaced by their definitions
before being printed.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1248" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1266" mergedindex="cp">\space</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex;&textrsquo;s usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single space
and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to <code>msg</code>. Use the
command <code>\space</code> to get a single space, independent of surrounding
@@ -22378,7 +22746,7 @@
<node name="_005cwrite" spaces=" "><nodename>\write</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\typeout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1249" mergedindex="cp">\write</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1267" mergedindex="cp">\write</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22403,7 +22771,7 @@
\immediate\closeout\myfile
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1250" mergedindex="cp">\newwrite</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1268" mergedindex="cp">\newwrite</indexterm></findex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The <code>\newwrite</code> allocates a stream number, giving it a symbolic
name to make life easier, so that <code>stream
@@ -22412,9 +22780,9 @@
name. &tex; ultimately executed <code>\write3</code> which puts the string
in the file.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1183">log file, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1184">terminal, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1185"><math>-1</math>, write stream number</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1220">log file, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1221">terminal, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1222"><math>-1</math>, write stream number</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Typically <var>number</var> is between 0 and 15, because typically
&latex; authors follow the prior example and the number is allocated
by the system. If <var>number</var> is outside the range from 0 to 15 or
@@ -22429,12 +22797,12 @@
followed by a newline in the terminal output. (But 16, 17, and 18 are
special as <var>number</var>; see below.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1186">Lua&tex;, 256 output streams in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1223">Lua&tex;, 256 output streams in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In Lua&tex;, instead of 16 output streams there are 256
(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1251" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;auxout</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1252" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;mainaux</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1269" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;auxout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1270" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;mainaux</indexterm></findex>
<para>Use <code>\write\&arobase;auxout{<var>string</var>}</code> to write to the current
<file>.aux</file> file, which is associated with either the root file or
with the current include file; and use
@@ -22457,8 +22825,8 @@
<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" ">
<listitem>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1187">immediate <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1253" mergedindex="cp">\immediate\write</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1224">immediate <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1271" mergedindex="cp">\immediate\write</indexterm></findex>
<para>With the first, &latex; writes <var>string</var> to the file immediately.
Any macros in <var>string</var> are fully expanded (just as in
<code>\edef</code>) so to prevent expansion you must use <code>\noexpand</code>,
@@ -22466,9 +22834,9 @@
<code>##</code>).
</para>
</listitem><listitem>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1188">delayed <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1189">whatsit item</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1254" mergedindex="cp">\shipout <r>and expansion</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1225">delayed <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1226">whatsit item</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1272" mergedindex="cp">\shipout <r>and expansion</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>With the second, <var>string</var> is stored on the current list of things
(as a &tex; &textldquo;whatsit&textrdquo; item) and kept until the page is shipped out
and likewise the macros are unexpanded until <code>\shipout</code>. At
@@ -22475,7 +22843,7 @@
<code>\shipout</code>, <var>string</var> is fully expanded.
</para>
</listitem><listitem>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1255" mergedindex="cp">\protected&arobase;write</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1273" mergedindex="cp">\protected&arobase;write</indexterm></findex>
<para>The third, <code>\protected&arobase;write</code>, is like the second except that
you can use <code>\protect</code> to avoid expansion. The extra first
argument allows you to locally insert extra definitions to make more
@@ -22498,7 +22866,7 @@
<para>This results in the file <file>test.jh</file> containing the text
<samp>test XYZtest</samp> followed by a newline.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1190"><code>\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1227"><code>\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The cases where <var>number</var> is 16, 17, or 18 are special. Because of
<code>\write</code>&textrsquo;s behavior when <var>number</var> is outside the range from 0
to 15 described above, in Plain &tex; <code>\write16</code> and
@@ -22508,8 +22876,8 @@
even more special; modern &tex; systems use it for giving commands to
the operating system (<pxref label="_005cwrite18"><xrefnodename>\write18</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1191">newline, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1192"><code>^^J</code>, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1228">newline, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1229"><code>^^J</code>, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ordinarily <code>\write</code> outputs a single line. You can include a
newline with <code>^^J</code>. Thus, this produces two lines in the log
file:
@@ -22518,8 +22886,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\wlog{Parallel lines have a lot in common.^^JBut they never meet.}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1193"><r>package</r>, <code>answers</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1194"><code>answers</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1230"><r>package</r>, <code>answers</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1231"><code>answers</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common case where authors need to write their own file is for
answers to exercises, or another situation where you want to write
@@ -22527,10 +22895,10 @@
packages for this; one is <code>answers</code>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\write and security</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Security.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\message</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the log file and terminal.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\wlog</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the log file.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\write18</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Run an operating system command.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\write and security</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Security.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\message</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the log file and terminal.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\wlog</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the log file.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>\write18</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Run an operating system command.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -22537,8 +22905,8 @@
<node name="_005cwrite-and-security" spaces=" "><nodename>\write and security</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\message</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write</code> and security</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1195">security and <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1196"><code>\write</code> and security</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1232">security and <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1233"><code>\write</code> and security</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The ability to write files raises security issues. If you compiled a
downloaded &latex; file and it overwrote your password file then you
@@ -22561,7 +22929,7 @@
! I can't write on file `../test.jh'
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1197">parent directories, cannot write to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1234">parent directories, cannot write to</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can get just such an error when using commands such as
<code>\include{../filename}</code> because &latex; will try to open
<file>../filename.aux</file>. The simplest solution is to put the included
@@ -22572,7 +22940,7 @@
<node name="_005cmessage" spaces=" "><nodename>\message</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\wlog</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\write and security</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\message</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1256" mergedindex="cp">\message</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1274" mergedindex="cp">\message</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22633,7 +23001,7 @@
<node name="_005cwlog" spaces=" "><nodename>\wlog</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\write18</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\message</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\wlog</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1257" mergedindex="cp">\wlog</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1275" mergedindex="cp">\wlog</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -22661,11 +23029,11 @@
<node name="_005cwrite18" spaces=" "><nodename>\write18</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\wlog</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write18</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1258" mergedindex="cp">\write18</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1198">external commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1199">commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1200">system commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1201">shell access</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1276" mergedindex="cp">\write18</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1235">external commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1236">commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1237">system commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1238">shell access</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c Derived from: Joseph Wright: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/20446/121234 -->
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -22678,8 +23046,8 @@
runs the command and &latex;&textrsquo;s execution is blocked until that
finishes.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1202"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1203"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1239"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1240"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This sequence (on Unix)
</para>
@@ -22728,7 +23096,7 @@
(<pxref label="Command-line-options"><xrefnodename>Command line options</xrefnodename></pxref>). (The <code>--shell-escape</code> option is
a synonym, in &tex; Live.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1204">restricted shell access</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1241">restricted shell access</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the place of full shell access, modern distributions by default use
a restricted version that allows some commands to work, such as those
that run Metafont to generate missing fonts, even if you do not use
@@ -22737,22 +23105,22 @@
control of the distribution maintainers (<pxref label="Command-line-options"><xrefnodename>Command line
options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1259" mergedindex="cp">/bin/sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1260" mergedindex="cp">sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1261" mergedindex="cp">cmd.exe<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1262" mergedindex="cp">SHELL<r>, environment variables</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1277" mergedindex="cp">/bin/sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1278" mergedindex="cp">sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1279" mergedindex="cp">cmd.exe<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1280" mergedindex="cp">SHELL<r>, environment variables</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The <var>shell_command</var> text is always passed to <file>/bin/sh</file> on
Unix-like operating systems, and the DOS command interpreter
<file>cmd.exe</file> on Windows. Any different shell set by the user, and
the <code>SHELL</code> environment variable, is ignored.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1205"><r>package</r>, <code>texosquery</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1206"><code>texosquery</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1242"><r>package</r>, <code>texosquery</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1243"><code>texosquery</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1207">system information</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1208">operating system information</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1209">locale information, from system</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1210">directory listings, from system</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1244">system information</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1245">operating system information</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1246">locale information, from system</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1247">directory listings, from system</indexterm></cindex>
<para>If what you need is system information, such as the operating system
name, locale information, or directory contents, take a look at the
<code>texosquery</code> package, which provides a convenient and secure
@@ -22759,11 +23127,11 @@
interface for this, unlike the above examples using the raw
<code>\write18</code>: <url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/texosquery</urefurl></url>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1211"><r>package</r>, <code>shellesc</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1212"><code>shellesc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1248"><r>package</r>, <code>shellesc</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1249"><code>shellesc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1263" mergedindex="cp">\ShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1264" mergedindex="cp">\DelayedShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1281" mergedindex="cp">\ShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1282" mergedindex="cp">\DelayedShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex; provides a package <code>shellesc</code> on top of the primitive
<code>\write18</code> command. Its primary purpose is to provide a command
<code>\ShellEscape</code> which works identically on all &tex; engines;
@@ -22781,9 +23149,9 @@
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line interface</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Command-line">Command line</anchor><!-- c old name -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1213">command line interface</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1214">interface, command line</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1215">CLI</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1250">command line interface</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1251">interface, command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1252">CLI</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (from a terminal command line):
</para>
@@ -22804,7 +23172,7 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1265" mergedindex="cp">.tex, <r>default extension</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1283" mergedindex="cp">.tex, <r>default extension</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Note that <file>.tex</file> is the default file name extension.
</para>
<para>pdf&tex; is an extension of the original &tex; program, as are
@@ -22837,10 +23205,10 @@
to do.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Command line options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Commonly used command line options.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Command line input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify LaTeX code on the command line.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Jobname</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How &tex; sets the current job name.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Recovering from errors</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">When something goes wrong.
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Command line options</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Commonly used command line options.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Command line input</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify LaTeX code on the command line.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Jobname</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How &tex; sets the current job name.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Recovering from errors</menunode><menuseparator>:: </menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">When something goes wrong.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -22847,7 +23215,7 @@
<node name="Command-line-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line input</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1216">options, command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1253">options, command line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the command-line options relevant to ordinary document
authoring. For a full list, try running <samp>latex --help</samp> from the
@@ -22862,23 +23230,23 @@
spaces around the <samp>=</samp>. We will generally use the <samp>=</samp> syntax.
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<beforefirstitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1266" mergedindex="cp">--version <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-version</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1284" mergedindex="cp">--version <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-version</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Show the current version, like <samp>pdfTeX 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX
Live 2015/Debian)</samp> along with a small amount of additional information,
and exit.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1267" mergedindex="cp">--help <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-help</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1285" mergedindex="cp">--help <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-help</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Give a brief usage message that is useful as a prompt and exit.
</para>
<anchor name="interaction-modes">interaction modes</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1268" mergedindex="cp">--interaction <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-interaction=<var>mode</var></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1217">batchmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1218">scrollmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1219">errorstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1220">nonstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1286" mergedindex="cp">--interaction <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-interaction=<var>mode</var></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1254">batchmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1255">scrollmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1256">errorstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1257">nonstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex; compiles a document in one of four interaction modes:
<code>batchmode</code>, <code>nonstopmode</code>, <code>scrollmode</code>,
<code>errorstopmode</code>. In <dfn>errorstopmode</dfn> (the default), &tex;
@@ -22899,18 +23267,18 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>eliminates most terminal output.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1221">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1222">filename for current job</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1269" mergedindex="cp">--jobname <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-jobname=<var>string</var></itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1258">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1259">filename for current job</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1287" mergedindex="cp">--jobname <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-jobname=<var>string</var></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Set the value of &tex;&textrsquo;s <dfn>jobname</dfn> to the string. The log file
and output file will then be named <file><var>string</var>.log</file> and
<file><var>string</var>.pdf</file>. <pxref label="Jobname"><xrefnodename>Jobname</xrefnodename></pxref>.
</para>
<anchor name="output-directory">output directory</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1223">output directory for all external files</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1270" mergedindex="cp">--output-directory <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-output-directory=<var>directory</var></itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1260">output directory for all external files</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1288" mergedindex="cp">--output-directory <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-output-directory=<var>directory</var></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Write files in the directory <var>directory</var>. It must already exist.
This applies to all external files created by &tex; or &latex;, such
as the <file>.log</file> file for the run, the <file>.aux</file>, <file>.toc</file>,
@@ -22923,13 +23291,13 @@
directory (in which &latex; was run) remains unchanged, and is also
checked for input files.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1224">shell escape</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1225"><code>\write18</code>, enabling</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1271" mergedindex="cp">--enable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1272" mergedindex="cp">--disable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1273" mergedindex="cp">--shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1274" mergedindex="cp">--no-shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--enable-write18</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1261">shell escape</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1262"><code>\write18</code>, enabling</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1289" mergedindex="cp">--enable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1290" mergedindex="cp">--disable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1291" mergedindex="cp">--shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1292" mergedindex="cp">--no-shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--enable-write18</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--disable-write18</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--shell-escape</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--no-shell-escape</itemformat></itemx>
@@ -22949,13 +23317,13 @@
<code>\write18{ls -l}</code>, then you do not get an error but the log
file says <samp>runsystem(ls -l)...disabled</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1275" mergedindex="cp">--halt-on-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-halt-on-error</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1293" mergedindex="cp">--halt-on-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-halt-on-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Stop processing at the first error.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1276" mergedindex="cp">--file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1277" mergedindex="cp">--no-file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-file-line-error</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1294" mergedindex="cp">--file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1295" mergedindex="cp">--no-file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-file-line-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-no-file-line-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Enable or disable <code><var>filename</var>:<var>lineno</var>:<var>error</var></code>-style
error messages. These are only available with &tex; Live or Mac&tex;.
@@ -22966,7 +23334,7 @@
<node name="Command-line-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Jobname</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line input</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1226">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1263">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>As part of the command line invocation
</para>
@@ -22978,8 +23346,8 @@
<var>argument</var> with a backslash. (All the engines support this.) This
allows you to do some special effects.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1227"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1228"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1264"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1265"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For example, this file (which uses the
<code>hyperref</code> package for hyperlinks) can produce two kinds of
output, one to be read on physical paper and one to be read online.
@@ -23055,12 +23423,12 @@
<node name="Jobname" spaces=" "><nodename>Jobname</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Recovering from errors</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line input</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Jobname</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1278" mergedindex="cp"><code>\jobname</code></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1229">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1230">document root name</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1231">name of document root</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1232">root file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1233">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1296" mergedindex="cp"><code>\jobname</code></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1266">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1267">document root name</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1268">name of document root</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1269">root file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1270">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Running &latex; creates a number of files, including the main PDF (or
DVI) output but also including others. These files are named with the
@@ -23086,8 +23454,8 @@
specified with the <code>-jobname</code> option, as in <code>pdflatex
-jobname=myname</code> (<pxref label="Command-line-input"><xrefnodename>Command line input</xrefnodename></pxref> for a practical example).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1279" mergedindex="cp">texput<r>, jobname default</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1234">fallback jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1297" mergedindex="cp">texput<r>, jobname default</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1271">fallback jobname</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The final possibility is <file>texput</file>, which is the final fallback
default if no other name is available to &tex;. That is, if no
<code>-jobname</code> option was specified, and the compilation stops before
@@ -23094,8 +23462,8 @@
any input file is met, then the log file will be named
<file>texput.log</file>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1280" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1281" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1298" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1299" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>A special case of this is that in &latex; versions of (approximately)
2020 or later, the jobname is also <file>texput</file> if the first
<code>\input</code> occurs as a result of being called by either
@@ -23117,7 +23485,7 @@
<para>the output file is <file>lipsum.pdf</file>, as <code>\usepackage</code> calls
<code>\input</code>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1282" mergedindex="cp">\jobname</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1300" mergedindex="cp">\jobname</indexterm></findex>
<para>Within the document, the macro <code>\jobname</code> expands to the jobname.
(When you run &latex; on a file whose name contains spaces, the string
returned by <code>\jobname</code> contains matching start and end quotes.)
@@ -23125,9 +23493,9 @@
catcode 12 (other) except that spaces are category 10,
including letters that are normally catcode 11.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1283" mergedindex="cp">\IfBeginWith*<r> macro from <file>xstring</file></r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1235"><r>package</r>, <code>xstring</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1236"><code>xstring</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1301" mergedindex="cp">\IfBeginWith*<r> macro from <file>xstring</file></r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1272"><r>package</r>, <code>xstring</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1273"><code>xstring</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Because of this catcode situation, using the jobname in a conditional
can become complicated. One solution is to use the macro
@@ -23176,9 +23544,9 @@
typo. You could instead enter <kbd>?</kbd> and <kbd>RETURN</kbd> to see other
options.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1237"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1238">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1284" mergedindex="cp">\stop</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1274"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1275">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1302" mergedindex="cp">\stop</indexterm></findex>
<para>There are two other error scenarios. The first is that you forgot to
include the <code>\end{document}</code> or misspelled it. In this case
&latex; gives you a <samp>*</samp> prompt. You can get back to the command
@@ -23206,8 +23574,8 @@
<node name="Document-templates" spaces=" "><nodename>Document templates</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<appendix spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document templates</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1239">document templates</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1240">templates, document</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1276">document templates</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1277">templates, document</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Although illustrative material, perhaps these document templates will
be useful. Additional template resources are listed at
@@ -23214,10 +23582,10 @@
<url><urefurl>https://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates</urefurl></url>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">beamer template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">article template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">book template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">Larger book template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+<menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>beamer template</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>article template</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>book template</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menuleadingtext>* </menuleadingtext><menunode>Larger book template</menunode><menuseparator>::</menuseparator><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -23224,10 +23592,10 @@
<node name="beamer-template" spaces=" "><nodename>beamer template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">article template</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>beamer</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1241"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1242">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1243"><r>package</r>, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1244"><code>beamer</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1278"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1279">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1280"><r>package</r>, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1281"><code>beamer</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>beamer</code> class creates presentation slides. It has a vast
@@ -23264,7 +23632,7 @@
<node name="article-template" spaces=" "><nodename>article template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">beamer template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>article</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1245">template (simple), <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1282">template (simple), <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A simple template for an article.
</para>
@@ -23293,7 +23661,7 @@
<node name="book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Larger book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">article template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>book</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1246">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1283">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This is a straightforward template for a book. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book
template</xrefnodename></xref>, for a more elaborate one.
@@ -23323,7 +23691,7 @@
<node name="Larger-book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>Larger book template</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Larger <code>book</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1247">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1284">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This is a somewhat elaborate template for a book. <xref label="book-template"><xrefnodename>book template</xrefnodename></xref>,
for a simpler one.
@@ -23395,4 +23763,29 @@
</unnumbered>
<bye></bye>
-</texinfo>
+<postambleafterend>
+\def\DeclareTextCommand{\foo}{T1}
+% then |\foo| is defined to be |\T1-cmd \foo \T1\foo|,
+% % where |\T1\foo| is \emph{one} control sequence, not two!
+\newcommand
+
+\def\ProvideTextCommand % same with \providecommand
+\@onlypreamble\DeclareTextCommand
+\@onlypreamble\DeclareTextSymbol
+\gdef\TextSymbolUnavailable#1{%
+\@onlypreamble\def\DeclareTextCommandDefault#1{%
+\def\ProvideTextCommandDefault#1{%
+\def\DeclareTextAccent#1#2#3{%
+\def\DeclareTextCompositeCommand#1#2#3#4{%
+\@onlypreamble\def\DeclareTextComposite#1#2#3#4{%
+\def\UseTextAccent#1#2#3{%
+\def\UseTextSymbol#1#2{%
+\@onlypreamble\DeclareTextSymbolDefault at item
+\@onlypreamble\DeclareTextAccentDefault at item
+\def\UndeclareTextCommand#1#2{%
+
+ at c Local Variables:
+ at c ispell-dictionary: "english"
+ at c coding: latin-1-unix
+ at c End:
+</postambleafterend></texinfo>
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