Fwd: RE: electronic publishing
Jochen Autschbach
jautschbach at YAHOO.COM
Thu Dec 1 06:34:45 CET 2005
>> On 29 Nov 2005 at 13:33, Karl Berry wrote:
>> I thought that the Y&Y license forbid posting pdf's online
>> regardless
>> of whether the fonts were subsetted. At least that was Chuck
>> (Bigelow)'s understanding.
> That was my understanding, too --- and reinforced by a couple
> of emails
> with Y&Y while they were still in business.
> ---JRG
Below I forward an email with two text attachments that I received from
YandY in Dec. 2002. If I understand the documents correctly I am
allowed, for example, to put downloadable PDFs of my *own* documents on
my web site (e.g. the original manuscripts of my articles) as long as
the fonts are subsetted. But maybe I'm wrong. What do you think?
Jochen
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 09:06:54 -0500
> From: Blenda Horn <admin at yandy.com>
> To: Jochen.Autschbach at chemie.uni-erlangen.de
> Subject: RE: electronic publishing
>
> Hi Jochen,
>
> Included in this email are two attachment for you to look at. You do
> not have to be concerned about opening them, I have a virus checker
> that
> scans all mail and documents before sending.
>
> Let me know if you need further information.
>
> Regards,
> Blenda.
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Jochen Autschbach [mailto:jochen at chemie.uni-erlangen.de]
> > Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2002 6:27 PM
> > To: admin at yandy.com
> > Subject: electronic publishing
> >
> >
> >
> > Hi!
> >
> > I am considering to purchase some of the Type1 fonts for
> > academic purposes (MathTime and Lucida). As far as I
> > understand the licence agreement that is shown during the
> > online order process I would not be allowed to post PDF files
> > using these fonts on my web site. Is that correct? If so, how
> > much would it cost to include this option?
> >
> > Thanks in advance for answering my question.
> >
> > Best regards,
> > Jochen
> >
> > -----------------------------------------------------
> > Dr. Jochen Autschbach
> >
> > Lehrstuhl fuer Theoretische Chemie
> > Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg
> > Egerlandstr. 3
> > D-91058 Erlangen
> > Germany
> >
> > EMail : jochen.autschbach at chemie.uni-erlangen.de
> > Phone : (+49)-9131-85-25021
> > FAX : (+49)-9131-85-27736
> > WWW : http://www.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/thc/jochen
> > -----------------------------------------------------
> >
> >
> >
> >
========================================================================
> Font Licensing Issues for Acrobat PDF Files: (file: acrobat.txt)
>
========================================================================
>
> Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Y&Y, Inc. All Rights Reserved
>
> Font Licenses:
> --------------
>
> SINGLE END USER FONT LICENSE: Provides for use on one display screen
> and one
> hardcopy output device. See license envelope of specific font set
> for details.
>
> SERVICE BUREAU: It is customary to allow embedding of fonts in a
> PostScript
> files sent to a service bureau preparing final output - provided the
> service
> bureau does not extract and retain the fonts. If the servive bureau
> needs
> the fonts separately from the PS file then they should obtain their
> own
> font license.
>
> SITE LICENSE TERMS: Generous terms available if a font is to be used
> on
> more than one display screen and/or more than one hardcopy output
> device.
> For example, a font set can be used on up to five display screens and
> up
> to five printers if just two standard end user licenses are
> purchased.
>
> SECOND PLATFORM: A 30% discount applies on font license for a second
> platform.
>
> Acrobat PDF files and PostScript files containing embedded fonts:
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
> FONT PROGRAMS ARE COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL: They may not be copied or
> distributed.
> Consequently, PostScript files and Acrobat PDF files containing
> complete
> fonts may not be sent to other users, may not be published on CD-ROMs
> or
> made available via FTP or WWW.
>
> Acrobat PDF files containing *incomplete* fonts may be sent to
> individual
> end users *provided* certain rules are followed (see below).
>
> Further, individual end users may make Acrobat PDF files of *their
> own*
> articles available on WWW or via FTP, *provided* the PDF files do not
> contain complete fonts and are made according to the rules below.
>
> This provision does not apply to electronic publishing by companies
> and
> organizations such as publishers, university departments, industrial
> research
> laboratories, conference organizers --- nor to books or conference
> proceedings.
>
> Electronic publishing licenses are available for publishing books,
> conference proceedings, journals and articles in Acrobat PDF form on
> the
> InterNet via WWW or FTP, and separately for publishing books on
> CD-ROM.
> In each case, the Adobe Acrobat Distiller has to be set up
> appropriately
> (see below for details). Files made using PDFWriter are not
> acceptable.
>
> Described here are some of the issues and current policy:
>
> (1a) Individual end user to individual end user:
> ------------------------------------------------
>
> An Acrobat PDF file made *according to the rules* described below in
> `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files' may be sent to another
> individual. PDF files made in other ways may *not*.
>
> PostScript files containing fonts may be sent to another individual,
> *if*
> they are made using `partial font downloading,' and do not contain
> complete character arrays. PostScript files made in any other way
> may not.
>
> (1b) Electronic publishing by single end user of own articles
> (FTP/WWW):
>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Individual end users may make Acrobat PDF files of *their own*
> articles
> available on WWW or via FTP, *provided* the PDF files are made
> according
> to the rules described below in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF
> Files.'
>
> PostScript files may *not* be so posted for FTP or WWW access,
> *independent*
> of whether they were made using `partial font downloading' or not.
>
> (2) Electronic Publishing of an Individual Book or Conference
> Proceeding:
>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> A special `Single Electronic Book' license is available for
> publishing
> Acrobat PDF files made according to the rules in `How to Make
> Conforming
> Acrobat PDF Files.' Such a license is for a single title --- a book,
> or Proceedings of a particular conference meeting.
>
> A `Single Electronic Book' license may be used both for electronic
> publishing on the InterNet (FTP and WWW), and for publishing the book
> or conference proceeding on CD-ROM.
>
> The cost of the `Single Electronic Book' license is three times the
> cost of an individual end user license.
>
> (3a) Electronic Journals and Books - embedded fonts (FTP/WWW):
> --------------------------------------------------------------
>
> For electronic journals and books, a special `Electronic Publishing
> (FTP/WWW)' license is available for publishing Acrobat PDF files made
> according to the rules in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files'
> on the InterNet for FTP and/or WWW access.
>
> Note that in this situtation, the end user does *not* get the fonts
> for
> use in other work, and each article contains the (partial) fonts,
> making
> the file size somewhat larger than if the fonts were not included.
>
> There is no time limit or volume limit on such an `Electronic
> Publishing
> (WWW/FTP)' license.
>
> The cost of an `Electronic Publishing (FTP/WWW)' license is ten times
> the cost of an individual end user license.
>
> (3b) Electronic Journals and Books - embedded fonts (CD-ROM):
> -------------------------------------------------------------
>
> For electronic journals and books, a special `Electronic Publishing
> (CD-ROM)'
> license is available for publishing Acrobat PDF files made according
> to the
> rules in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files' on CD-ROM.
>
> There is no time limit or volume limit on such electronic publishing
> licenses for CD-ROM.
>
> The cost of an `Electronic Publishing (CD-ROM)' license is ten times
> the cost of an individual end user license.
>
> (4) Electronic Journals - fonts as part of subscription (FTP/WWW):
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Alternatively, we can provide licensing terms that allow distribution
> of
> fonts to paid-up subscribers of the electronic journal. The end user
> license
> in this case is treated as part of the subscription, and royalties
> are due
> Y&Y, Inc. on the fonts being distributed with the journal
> subscription.
>
> In this case, the fonts may be sent to the subscriber separately,
> thus saving
> on file size of individual articles. The fonts must be provided to
> the end
> user with a font license agreement stipulating no further duplication
> or
> distribution. The end user is free to use the fonts in other work.
> Some
> users will perceive this added benefit of the subscription as a
> significant
> selling point compared to lower quality document distribution methods
> such as
> ones using fixed resolution TIFF files. Contact Y&Y, Inc. for
> details.
>
> A potential added benefit is that an `unintended' recipient of PDF
> files not
> in possession of the required fonts will not be able to preview the
> document
> properly. Math in particular will be totally unreadable. This makes
> it
> easier to control unauthorized duplication of electronic journal
> articles.
>
> PS versus PDF:
> --------------
>
> Acrobat PDF is a more powerful, more flexible format than PostScript
> for
> online publishing, supporting hyper-text and other features not
> available in
> PS. The Acrobat Reader is available for a variety of platforms for
> free.
> GhostScript can now also read PDF files, and it is free and can be
> compiled
> for just about any platform (you do need a recent version of
> GhostScript,
> 4.01 or later). Many users requesting PostScript in fact already use
> GhostScript to look at PostScript files and to print PS files on
> non-PS
> printers. As a result they can *also* read PDF files. In addition
> there is
> the XPDF reader.
>
>
> HOW TO MAKE CONFORMING ACROBAT PDF FILES:
> -----------------------------------------
>
> Acrobat PDF files must be made in a special way to minimize the
> potential for
> `font leakage.' Such PDF files are referred to here as `conforming
> PDF' files.
>
> (i) Use Acrobat Distiller version 3.0 or later (Acrobat 4.0
> recommended);
> (ii) with `Make Font Subsets' or `Subset Fonts Below' checked; and
> (iii) `MaxSubsetPct' set to 100 (see below); and
> (iv) do not use complete character showings (font tables) of
> PostScript fonts.
>
>
> REQUIRED MODIFICATIONS TO DISTILLER PARAMETERS (Setting MaxSubsetPct
> to 100):
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> When using Acrobat Distiller 3.0 or later, go to `Distiller > Job
> Options'
> (or `Settings > Job Options' in 4.0) and select the `Font Embedding'
> tab
> (or `Fonts' tab in 4.0). Then check `Subset Fonts Below' (`Subset
> All
> Embedded Fonts Below' in 4.0) and set the percentage to 100%. Also
> check
> `Embed All Fonts' (Note that this does not apply to the `Base 13'
> fonts
> which are always available to the Acobrat Reader and so are never
> embedded).
>
> When using a Unix version of Distiller you can use the following
> on the command line:
>
> distill -subsetfonts on -maxsubsetpct 100 -embedallfonts on file.ps
>
> When using Acrobat Distiller 2.0 or 2.1 add the following short file
> instead
> to Distiller's startup directory / folder (on IBM PC this would
> typically be
> c:\acrodist\startup):
>
> % File: safe.ps
>
> %%% Increase threshold for `Make Font Subsets'
>
> << /SubsetFonts true /MaxSubsetPct 100 >> setdistillerparams
>
> %%% Print a text string to the Messages window in the Status dialog
>
> (**** Set up for maximizing use of Font Subsets ***) print flush
>
> %%EOF
>
> Remember that PostScript is case sensitive, so please check the exact
> case
> of letters in the word `/MaxSubsetPct.' Also check that the messages
> marked
> with asterisks actually appears when you start Distiller.
>
> Please do *not* simply add the above code to the existing
> `example.ps'
> file, since `example.ps' may be replaced when you next upgrade or
> re-install Distiller. Instead, create a new file called `safe.ps'.
>
> Also, since the Distiller reads *all* files in the `startup'
> directory,
> make sure your editor does not leave old backup copies of the file
> there!
>
> For some additional details check page 127 in `Acrobat 2.1: Your
> Personal
> Consultant' by Roy Christmann, Ziff-Davis Press, Emeryville,
> California,
> 1995, ISBN 1-56276-336-9; the Distiller on-line help file; and page
> 15
> in Adobe's Technical Note 5151 ``Acrobat Distiller Parameters''
> (available
> from
> http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/devtechnotes.html).
>
> CHECKING THAT DISTILLER IS PRODUCING CONFORMING PDF FILES:
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> To verify that the above modification is working:
>
> (1) In Acrobat 2.0 or 2.1, check that the asterisk-marked message
> above appears when you start Distiller.
>
> (2) Check that only partial fonts appear in the PDF file. Do this as
> follows:
>
> In Acrobat Reader 3.0 or later, go to `File > Document Info' and
> select
> `Fonts' Click on `List all Fonts...'. Check the `Font Used' column
> ---
> it should say `Embedded Subset.' IMPRTANT: If this field is blank,
> first page
> forward through the file to `touch' all fonts.
>
> In Acrobat Reader 2.1 open the PDF file, pull down the `File' menu,
> select
> `Document Info,' then `Fonts.' Click on `List all Fonts...' Each
> line
> listed starts with the `Original Font' name. In Acrobat 2.1, names
> with a
> six letter prefix followed by `+' are partial `sub fonts'. Again,
> you may
> need to page through the file to touch all fonts to get complete
> information.
>
> Fonts that are not `subsetted' as above have either (i) been included
> verbatim (not what is desired), or are (ii) in the list of fonts
> wired into
> the Acrobat Reader (Times, Helvetica, Courier, and Symbol), or (iii)
> have not
> been included, and will be approximated in Acrobat Reader using
> Multiple
> Master technology - which is almost never what you want (unless these
> happen
> to be fonts from the Adobe Type library).
>
> To avoid approximation of fonts using Multiple Masters, force
> embedding of
> fonts. In Distiller 3.0 you can use `Distiller > Job Options' and
> select the
> `Font Embedding' tab and check `Embed all Fonts.'
>
> In Distiller 2.1 select `Distiller > Font Embedding' and check `Embed
>
> All Fonts'. In some cases you will have to add the troublesome fonts
> that
> persist to not be included to the `Always Embed' list.
>
> By the way, Acrobat Readers (particularly on the Mac) tend to have
> problems
> with PDF distilled from PS produced by certain TeX systems. The Y&Y
> TeX
> System incorporates a number of work-arounds for known Acrobat Reader
> problems. See `acrofix.txt' for additional details.
>
> Note for users of DVIPS:
> ------------------------
>
> Do not let DVIPS use partial font downloading when producing a PS
> file for Distiller. It confuses Distiller and leads to problems in
> Acrobat Reader. Either use -j0 on the command line, or force DVIPS
> to leave out all fonts and have Distiller find them itself. Just add
> the folders with fonts from the `Distiller > Font Locations' menu.
> To prevent DVIPS from including the fonts, pretend that they are
> printer resident. That is, remove the <foo.pfb parts of the lines
> in psfonts.map.
>
> SPECIFICALLY NOT ALLOWED:
> -------------------------
>
> X Fonts licensed from Y&Y may *not* be embedded in Acrobat PDF files
> made using the Acrobat Distiller if `Make Font Subsets' is *not*
> checked; or if `MaxSubsetPct' is set to any value smaller than 100
> (such as its default of 10); or if the document calls for complete
> character sets.
>
> X Fonts licensed from Y&Y may *not* be embedded in Acrobat PDF files
> made using the Acrobat PDFWriter - or using Acrobat version 1.0.
> These do not provide for font subsetting.
>
> X PostScript files containing fonts (partial *or* complete) may not
> be posted on the InterNet or included on CD-ROM for distribution.
>
> X PostScript files containing complete fonts (such as those made
> using DVIPS or Textures) may *not* be sent to other end users.
>
> X PostScript files containing complete character showings made using
> DVIPSONE (or any other driver) may *not* be sent to other end users.
>
> BACKGROUND: Acrobat and `Font Leakage':
> ========================================
>
> Acrobat PDF format is the highest quality platform-independent
> document-interchange format because it uses scalable outline fonts
> ---
> either close approximations of the original fonts using Multiple
> Master
> technology, or the actual fonts themselves. Acrobat is however
> a format that presents some rather obvious `font leakage' problems,
> which
> --- although not as bad as with PostScript files --- are potentially
> serious.
>
> Plain vanilla text fonts in the Adobe library are typically *not*
> included in
> the PDF file. Instead, enough information is provided in the PDF
> file to
> allow the Acrobat reader to create a look-alike font with the same
> metrics
> on the receiving end. There clearly is no `font leakage' issue in
> this case.
>
> However, fonts not in the Adobe Type Library, as well as any symbol
> fonts,
> decorative fonts, math fonts - in fact, any font not using `/Encoding
>
> StandardEncoding def' *and* any font with a glyph complement other
> than the
> `standard' Adobe set of 228 glyphs - *will* be embedded in PDF
> documents.
> This means *all* fonts commonly used with TeX are embedded.
>
> While parts of the PDF file may be compressed using LZW compression
> and/or
> ASCII85 compression, it is easy to decompress a PDF file (Actually,
> one can
> extract the fonts from a PDF file more directly). Hence `font
> leakage' is a
> serious concern with Acrobat PDF files. In fact, one can extract
> several
> dozen useful fonts directly from the PDF files supplied by Adobe in
> promoting
> of Acrobat! And many more from PDF documents on the World Wide Web
> ---
> including some trade-secret fonts (fonts for which end user licenses
> are
> not available).
>
> Acrobat version 2.0 (and later) does provide some protection: it is
> possible
> to ask the Distiller to use `Make Font Subsets' (a.k.a. `partial font
> downloading'), which not only reduces the file size, but makes the
> included
> fonts much less useful (DVIPSONE, by the way, has used `partial font
> downloading' since 1990). This capability is not present in the
> Acrobat
> PDF Writer, or in version 1.0 of Acrobat.
>
> Fonts supplied by Y&Y are particularly vulnerable to Acrobat font
> leakage
> problems, since most of them either use unusual encoding (e.g. math
> fonts),
> or contain glyphs beyond the basic 228 in standard Adobe fonts (e.g.
> many
> Y&Y text fonts contain the ff, ffi, ffl ligatures in addition to the
> usual
> fi and fl ligatures). As a result these fonts are *always* embedded
> in PDF
> files rather than being approximated on the receiving end using
> Multiple
> Master technology.
>
> Acrobat Information from Adobe and Adobe's Font Embedding Policy:
> =================================================================
>
> The potential `font leakage' problem is a deterrent to wide-spread
> adoption
> of Acrobat. While some publishers of electronic journals seem not
> aware
> of the potential for font license violation, this will clearly be an
> obstacle.
> Adobe has been working hard to prevent this from undermining the
> widespread
> adoption of Acrobat. `Damage control' included a series of sometimes
> contradictory statements regarding the legality - or lack thereof -
> of font
> embedding in Acrobat files.
>
> Recently, Adobe was able to persuade most of the foundries from whom
> Adobe
> licenses typefaces to sign up on a policy to allow font embedding
> (with some
> language included to discourage end user font extraction from PDF
> files).
>
> From Adobe's Acrobat Exchange / Acrobat Distiller 2.0 manual:
>
> You may embed Adobe Originals and fonts owned by Linotype-Hell AG,
> International Typeface Corporation, Agfa-Gevaert, Fundicion
> Typografica Neufville, and Monotype Typography, Ltd. that are
> available from the Adobe Type Library. You may need permission
> from the font supplier to distribute PDF files containing other
> embedded fonts.
>
> Note also that these foundries, and Adobe, have much lower exposure
> to
> potential `font leakage' than most foundries, since typically fonts
> in
> the Adobe Type library are in fact *not* embedded in the PDF file,
> and
> instead approximated on the receiving end using Multiple Master
> technology.
>
> Adobe has worked hard to bring `partial font downloading' (`Make Font
> Subsets') to the Acrobat version 2.0 Distiller. PDF files containing
> such
> partial fonts are of much less use to a potential font thief. A
> determined
> effort would have to be made in most cases to collect enough
> information
> to reconstruct something a useful font. This reduces --- but does
> not
> eliminate --- the potential for `font leakage.'
>
> (R) Acrobat is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
> (TM) PDF is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
>
> Subject to change without notice.
>
>
*******************************************************************************
> Y&Y, Inc., 45 Walden St., Concord, MA 01742-2513, USA
> (978) 371-3286 (voice) (978) 371-2004 (fax)
> sales at YandY.com http://www.YandY.com
>
*******************************************************************************>
=======================================================================
> Y&Y site license formula for SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS is piecewise
> linear:
>
=======================================================================
>
> A single copy of the software is licensed for use on one computer.
> Two copies of the software allows use on up to 5 computers.
> Each additional copy allows use on 5 more computers, up to 20.
> Above that each additional copy provides for use on another
> 20 computers, up to a total of 100.
> Beyond that we write customized site license agreements.
>
> Software For up to
> Packages Computers
>
> 1 1
> 2 5
> 3 10
> 4 15
> 5 20
> 6 40
> 7 60
> 8 80
> 9 100
>
> Y&Y site license formula for FONT SETS is also piece-wise linear:
> ==================================================================
>
> Our site license formula for font sets is modelled on that the above
> table.
> The only difference is that the limitation is not on the number of
> computers,
> but on the number of display screens and printers. So two copies of
> one font
> set provide for use on up to 5 display screens and up to 5 printers
> or other
> hardcopy output devices.
>
> Font For up to
> Packages Printers and Screens
>
> 1 1
> 2 5
> 3 10
> 4 15
> 5 20
> 6 40
> 7 60
> 8 80
> 9 100
>
>
****************************************************************************
>
> In addition, we follow the practice of permitting embedding of
> the fonts
> in PostScript files submitted to a service bureau for final
> output to an
> imagesetter or typesetter, provided that the service bureaus does
> not
> extract the font and retain a copy after use.
> If the service bureau needs the fonts separately, then they
> should
> get their own license for the fonts in question.
>
>
****************************************************************************
>
>
======================================================================
> PostScript Files containing fonts, Acrobat PDF files containing
> fonts:
>
======================================================================
>
> Please note that PostScript files containing fonts licensed from Y&Y,
> Inc.
> (and many other foundries) may *not* be distributed, posted on
> InterNet
> for anonymous FTP, or on the World Wide Web (WWW). This is true
> independent
> of whether the included fonts are `partial' (subsetted).
>
> Similarly, Adobe Acrobat PDF files may not in general be distributed
> since
> they contain the fonts. Files made by Acrobat 2.0 Distiller (or
> later) with
> `Make Font SubSets' checked, and suitable changes in the Distiller
> parameters
> may be an exception - but *contact* us for additional details before
> using
> such files (ask for `acrobat.txt').
>
> If you wish to use the fonts in electronic publication, please
> contact
> us for `electronic publishing licenses.' We have special
> technological
> information and special licensing terms for electronic journals and
> books.
>
> NOTE: Subject to change without notice.
>
>
*******************************************************************************
> Y&Y, Inc., 45 Walden St., Concord, MA 01742-2513, USA
> (800) 742-4059 (from North America only)
> (978) 371-3286 (voice) (978) 371-2004 (fax)
> sales at YandY.com http://www.YandY.com
>
*******************************************************************************
__________________________________
Yahoo! Mail - PC Magazine Editors' Choice 2005
http://mail.yahoo.com
-------------- next part --------------
========================================================================
Font Licensing Issues for Acrobat PDF Files: (file: acrobat.txt)
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Y&Y, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Font Licenses:
--------------
SINGLE END USER FONT LICENSE: Provides for use on one display screen and one
hardcopy output device. See license envelope of specific font set for details.
SERVICE BUREAU: It is customary to allow embedding of fonts in a PostScript
files sent to a service bureau preparing final output - provided the service
bureau does not extract and retain the fonts. If the servive bureau needs
the fonts separately from the PS file then they should obtain their own
font license.
SITE LICENSE TERMS: Generous terms available if a font is to be used on
more than one display screen and/or more than one hardcopy output device.
For example, a font set can be used on up to five display screens and up
to five printers if just two standard end user licenses are purchased.
SECOND PLATFORM: A 30% discount applies on font license for a second platform.
Acrobat PDF files and PostScript files containing embedded fonts:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
FONT PROGRAMS ARE COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL: They may not be copied or distributed.
Consequently, PostScript files and Acrobat PDF files containing complete
fonts may not be sent to other users, may not be published on CD-ROMs or
made available via FTP or WWW.
Acrobat PDF files containing *incomplete* fonts may be sent to individual
end users *provided* certain rules are followed (see below).
Further, individual end users may make Acrobat PDF files of *their own*
articles available on WWW or via FTP, *provided* the PDF files do not
contain complete fonts and are made according to the rules below.
This provision does not apply to electronic publishing by companies and
organizations such as publishers, university departments, industrial research
laboratories, conference organizers --- nor to books or conference proceedings.
Electronic publishing licenses are available for publishing books,
conference proceedings, journals and articles in Acrobat PDF form on the
InterNet via WWW or FTP, and separately for publishing books on CD-ROM.
In each case, the Adobe Acrobat Distiller has to be set up appropriately
(see below for details). Files made using PDFWriter are not acceptable.
Described here are some of the issues and current policy:
(1a) Individual end user to individual end user:
------------------------------------------------
An Acrobat PDF file made *according to the rules* described below in
`How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files' may be sent to another
individual. PDF files made in other ways may *not*.
PostScript files containing fonts may be sent to another individual, *if*
they are made using `partial font downloading,' and do not contain
complete character arrays. PostScript files made in any other way may not.
(1b) Electronic publishing by single end user of own articles (FTP/WWW):
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual end users may make Acrobat PDF files of *their own* articles
available on WWW or via FTP, *provided* the PDF files are made according
to the rules described below in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files.'
PostScript files may *not* be so posted for FTP or WWW access, *independent*
of whether they were made using `partial font downloading' or not.
(2) Electronic Publishing of an Individual Book or Conference Proceeding:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
A special `Single Electronic Book' license is available for publishing
Acrobat PDF files made according to the rules in `How to Make Conforming
Acrobat PDF Files.' Such a license is for a single title --- a book,
or Proceedings of a particular conference meeting.
A `Single Electronic Book' license may be used both for electronic
publishing on the InterNet (FTP and WWW), and for publishing the book
or conference proceeding on CD-ROM.
The cost of the `Single Electronic Book' license is three times the
cost of an individual end user license.
(3a) Electronic Journals and Books - embedded fonts (FTP/WWW):
--------------------------------------------------------------
For electronic journals and books, a special `Electronic Publishing
(FTP/WWW)' license is available for publishing Acrobat PDF files made
according to the rules in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files'
on the InterNet for FTP and/or WWW access.
Note that in this situtation, the end user does *not* get the fonts for
use in other work, and each article contains the (partial) fonts, making
the file size somewhat larger than if the fonts were not included.
There is no time limit or volume limit on such an `Electronic Publishing
(WWW/FTP)' license.
The cost of an `Electronic Publishing (FTP/WWW)' license is ten times
the cost of an individual end user license.
(3b) Electronic Journals and Books - embedded fonts (CD-ROM):
-------------------------------------------------------------
For electronic journals and books, a special `Electronic Publishing (CD-ROM)'
license is available for publishing Acrobat PDF files made according to the
rules in `How to Make Conforming Acrobat PDF Files' on CD-ROM.
There is no time limit or volume limit on such electronic publishing
licenses for CD-ROM.
The cost of an `Electronic Publishing (CD-ROM)' license is ten times
the cost of an individual end user license.
(4) Electronic Journals - fonts as part of subscription (FTP/WWW):
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternatively, we can provide licensing terms that allow distribution of
fonts to paid-up subscribers of the electronic journal. The end user license
in this case is treated as part of the subscription, and royalties are due
Y&Y, Inc. on the fonts being distributed with the journal subscription.
In this case, the fonts may be sent to the subscriber separately, thus saving
on file size of individual articles. The fonts must be provided to the end
user with a font license agreement stipulating no further duplication or
distribution. The end user is free to use the fonts in other work. Some
users will perceive this added benefit of the subscription as a significant
selling point compared to lower quality document distribution methods such as
ones using fixed resolution TIFF files. Contact Y&Y, Inc. for details.
A potential added benefit is that an `unintended' recipient of PDF files not
in possession of the required fonts will not be able to preview the document
properly. Math in particular will be totally unreadable. This makes it
easier to control unauthorized duplication of electronic journal articles.
PS versus PDF:
--------------
Acrobat PDF is a more powerful, more flexible format than PostScript for
online publishing, supporting hyper-text and other features not available in
PS. The Acrobat Reader is available for a variety of platforms for free.
GhostScript can now also read PDF files, and it is free and can be compiled
for just about any platform (you do need a recent version of GhostScript,
4.01 or later). Many users requesting PostScript in fact already use
GhostScript to look at PostScript files and to print PS files on non-PS
printers. As a result they can *also* read PDF files. In addition there is
the XPDF reader.
HOW TO MAKE CONFORMING ACROBAT PDF FILES:
-----------------------------------------
Acrobat PDF files must be made in a special way to minimize the potential for
`font leakage.' Such PDF files are referred to here as `conforming PDF' files.
(i) Use Acrobat Distiller version 3.0 or later (Acrobat 4.0 recommended);
(ii) with `Make Font Subsets' or `Subset Fonts Below' checked; and
(iii) `MaxSubsetPct' set to 100 (see below); and
(iv) do not use complete character showings (font tables) of PostScript fonts.
REQUIRED MODIFICATIONS TO DISTILLER PARAMETERS (Setting MaxSubsetPct to 100):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
When using Acrobat Distiller 3.0 or later, go to `Distiller > Job Options'
(or `Settings > Job Options' in 4.0) and select the `Font Embedding' tab
(or `Fonts' tab in 4.0). Then check `Subset Fonts Below' (`Subset All
Embedded Fonts Below' in 4.0) and set the percentage to 100%. Also check
`Embed All Fonts' (Note that this does not apply to the `Base 13' fonts
which are always available to the Acobrat Reader and so are never embedded).
When using a Unix version of Distiller you can use the following
on the command line:
distill -subsetfonts on -maxsubsetpct 100 -embedallfonts on file.ps
When using Acrobat Distiller 2.0 or 2.1 add the following short file instead
to Distiller's startup directory / folder (on IBM PC this would typically be
c:\acrodist\startup):
% File: safe.ps
%%% Increase threshold for `Make Font Subsets'
<< /SubsetFonts true /MaxSubsetPct 100 >> setdistillerparams
%%% Print a text string to the Messages window in the Status dialog
(**** Set up for maximizing use of Font Subsets ***) print flush
%%EOF
Remember that PostScript is case sensitive, so please check the exact case
of letters in the word `/MaxSubsetPct.' Also check that the messages marked
with asterisks actually appears when you start Distiller.
Please do *not* simply add the above code to the existing `example.ps'
file, since `example.ps' may be replaced when you next upgrade or
re-install Distiller. Instead, create a new file called `safe.ps'.
Also, since the Distiller reads *all* files in the `startup' directory,
make sure your editor does not leave old backup copies of the file there!
For some additional details check page 127 in `Acrobat 2.1: Your Personal
Consultant' by Roy Christmann, Ziff-Davis Press, Emeryville, California,
1995, ISBN 1-56276-336-9; the Distiller on-line help file; and page 15
in Adobe's Technical Note 5151 ``Acrobat Distiller Parameters'' (available
from http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/devtechnotes.html).
CHECKING THAT DISTILLER IS PRODUCING CONFORMING PDF FILES:
----------------------------------------------------------
To verify that the above modification is working:
(1) In Acrobat 2.0 or 2.1, check that the asterisk-marked message
above appears when you start Distiller.
(2) Check that only partial fonts appear in the PDF file. Do this as follows:
In Acrobat Reader 3.0 or later, go to `File > Document Info' and select
`Fonts' Click on `List all Fonts...'. Check the `Font Used' column ---
it should say `Embedded Subset.' IMPRTANT: If this field is blank, first page
forward through the file to `touch' all fonts.
In Acrobat Reader 2.1 open the PDF file, pull down the `File' menu, select
`Document Info,' then `Fonts.' Click on `List all Fonts...' Each line
listed starts with the `Original Font' name. In Acrobat 2.1, names with a
six letter prefix followed by `+' are partial `sub fonts'. Again, you may
need to page through the file to touch all fonts to get complete information.
Fonts that are not `subsetted' as above have either (i) been included
verbatim (not what is desired), or are (ii) in the list of fonts wired into
the Acrobat Reader (Times, Helvetica, Courier, and Symbol), or (iii) have not
been included, and will be approximated in Acrobat Reader using Multiple
Master technology - which is almost never what you want (unless these happen
to be fonts from the Adobe Type library).
To avoid approximation of fonts using Multiple Masters, force embedding of
fonts. In Distiller 3.0 you can use `Distiller > Job Options' and select the
`Font Embedding' tab and check `Embed all Fonts.'
In Distiller 2.1 select `Distiller > Font Embedding' and check `Embed
All Fonts'. In some cases you will have to add the troublesome fonts that
persist to not be included to the `Always Embed' list.
By the way, Acrobat Readers (particularly on the Mac) tend to have problems
with PDF distilled from PS produced by certain TeX systems. The Y&Y TeX
System incorporates a number of work-arounds for known Acrobat Reader
problems. See `acrofix.txt' for additional details.
Note for users of DVIPS:
------------------------
Do not let DVIPS use partial font downloading when producing a PS
file for Distiller. It confuses Distiller and leads to problems in
Acrobat Reader. Either use -j0 on the command line, or force DVIPS
to leave out all fonts and have Distiller find them itself. Just add
the folders with fonts from the `Distiller > Font Locations' menu.
To prevent DVIPS from including the fonts, pretend that they are
printer resident. That is, remove the <foo.pfb parts of the lines
in psfonts.map.
SPECIFICALLY NOT ALLOWED:
-------------------------
X Fonts licensed from Y&Y may *not* be embedded in Acrobat PDF files
made using the Acrobat Distiller if `Make Font Subsets' is *not*
checked; or if `MaxSubsetPct' is set to any value smaller than 100
(such as its default of 10); or if the document calls for complete
character sets.
X Fonts licensed from Y&Y may *not* be embedded in Acrobat PDF files
made using the Acrobat PDFWriter - or using Acrobat version 1.0.
These do not provide for font subsetting.
X PostScript files containing fonts (partial *or* complete) may not
be posted on the InterNet or included on CD-ROM for distribution.
X PostScript files containing complete fonts (such as those made
using DVIPS or Textures) may *not* be sent to other end users.
X PostScript files containing complete character showings made using
DVIPSONE (or any other driver) may *not* be sent to other end users.
BACKGROUND: Acrobat and `Font Leakage':
========================================
Acrobat PDF format is the highest quality platform-independent
document-interchange format because it uses scalable outline fonts ---
either close approximations of the original fonts using Multiple Master
technology, or the actual fonts themselves. Acrobat is however
a format that presents some rather obvious `font leakage' problems, which
--- although not as bad as with PostScript files --- are potentially serious.
Plain vanilla text fonts in the Adobe library are typically *not* included in
the PDF file. Instead, enough information is provided in the PDF file to
allow the Acrobat reader to create a look-alike font with the same metrics
on the receiving end. There clearly is no `font leakage' issue in this case.
However, fonts not in the Adobe Type Library, as well as any symbol fonts,
decorative fonts, math fonts - in fact, any font not using `/Encoding
StandardEncoding def' *and* any font with a glyph complement other than the
`standard' Adobe set of 228 glyphs - *will* be embedded in PDF documents.
This means *all* fonts commonly used with TeX are embedded.
While parts of the PDF file may be compressed using LZW compression and/or
ASCII85 compression, it is easy to decompress a PDF file (Actually, one can
extract the fonts from a PDF file more directly). Hence `font leakage' is a
serious concern with Acrobat PDF files. In fact, one can extract several
dozen useful fonts directly from the PDF files supplied by Adobe in promoting
of Acrobat! And many more from PDF documents on the World Wide Web ---
including some trade-secret fonts (fonts for which end user licenses are
not available).
Acrobat version 2.0 (and later) does provide some protection: it is possible
to ask the Distiller to use `Make Font Subsets' (a.k.a. `partial font
downloading'), which not only reduces the file size, but makes the included
fonts much less useful (DVIPSONE, by the way, has used `partial font
downloading' since 1990). This capability is not present in the Acrobat
PDF Writer, or in version 1.0 of Acrobat.
Fonts supplied by Y&Y are particularly vulnerable to Acrobat font leakage
problems, since most of them either use unusual encoding (e.g. math fonts),
or contain glyphs beyond the basic 228 in standard Adobe fonts (e.g. many
Y&Y text fonts contain the ff, ffi, ffl ligatures in addition to the usual
fi and fl ligatures). As a result these fonts are *always* embedded in PDF
files rather than being approximated on the receiving end using Multiple
Master technology.
Acrobat Information from Adobe and Adobe's Font Embedding Policy:
=================================================================
The potential `font leakage' problem is a deterrent to wide-spread adoption
of Acrobat. While some publishers of electronic journals seem not aware
of the potential for font license violation, this will clearly be an obstacle.
Adobe has been working hard to prevent this from undermining the widespread
adoption of Acrobat. `Damage control' included a series of sometimes
contradictory statements regarding the legality - or lack thereof - of font
embedding in Acrobat files.
Recently, Adobe was able to persuade most of the foundries from whom Adobe
licenses typefaces to sign up on a policy to allow font embedding (with some
language included to discourage end user font extraction from PDF files).
From Adobe's Acrobat Exchange / Acrobat Distiller 2.0 manual:
You may embed Adobe Originals and fonts owned by Linotype-Hell AG,
International Typeface Corporation, Agfa-Gevaert, Fundicion
Typografica Neufville, and Monotype Typography, Ltd. that are
available from the Adobe Type Library. You may need permission
from the font supplier to distribute PDF files containing other
embedded fonts.
Note also that these foundries, and Adobe, have much lower exposure to
potential `font leakage' than most foundries, since typically fonts in
the Adobe Type library are in fact *not* embedded in the PDF file, and
instead approximated on the receiving end using Multiple Master technology.
Adobe has worked hard to bring `partial font downloading' (`Make Font
Subsets') to the Acrobat version 2.0 Distiller. PDF files containing such
partial fonts are of much less use to a potential font thief. A determined
effort would have to be made in most cases to collect enough information
to reconstruct something a useful font. This reduces --- but does not
eliminate --- the potential for `font leakage.'
(R) Acrobat is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
(TM) PDF is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
Subject to change without notice.
*******************************************************************************
Y&Y, Inc., 45 Walden St., Concord, MA 01742-2513, USA
(978) 371-3286 (voice) (978) 371-2004 (fax)
sales at YandY.com http://www.YandY.com
*******************************************************************************
-------------- next part --------------
=======================================================================
Y&Y site license formula for SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS is piecewise linear:
=======================================================================
A single copy of the software is licensed for use on one computer.
Two copies of the software allows use on up to 5 computers.
Each additional copy allows use on 5 more computers, up to 20.
Above that each additional copy provides for use on another
20 computers, up to a total of 100.
Beyond that we write customized site license agreements.
Software For up to
Packages Computers
1 1
2 5
3 10
4 15
5 20
6 40
7 60
8 80
9 100
Y&Y site license formula for FONT SETS is also piece-wise linear:
==================================================================
Our site license formula for font sets is modelled on that the above table.
The only difference is that the limitation is not on the number of computers,
but on the number of display screens and printers. So two copies of one font
set provide for use on up to 5 display screens and up to 5 printers or other
hardcopy output devices.
Font For up to
Packages Printers and Screens
1 1
2 5
3 10
4 15
5 20
6 40
7 60
8 80
9 100
****************************************************************************
In addition, we follow the practice of permitting embedding of the fonts
in PostScript files submitted to a service bureau for final output to an
imagesetter or typesetter, provided that the service bureaus does not
extract the font and retain a copy after use.
If the service bureau needs the fonts separately, then they should
get their own license for the fonts in question.
****************************************************************************
======================================================================
PostScript Files containing fonts, Acrobat PDF files containing fonts:
======================================================================
Please note that PostScript files containing fonts licensed from Y&Y, Inc.
(and many other foundries) may *not* be distributed, posted on InterNet
for anonymous FTP, or on the World Wide Web (WWW). This is true independent
of whether the included fonts are `partial' (subsetted).
Similarly, Adobe Acrobat PDF files may not in general be distributed since
they contain the fonts. Files made by Acrobat 2.0 Distiller (or later) with
`Make Font SubSets' checked, and suitable changes in the Distiller parameters
may be an exception - but *contact* us for additional details before using
such files (ask for `acrobat.txt').
If you wish to use the fonts in electronic publication, please contact
us for `electronic publishing licenses.' We have special technological
information and special licensing terms for electronic journals and books.
NOTE: Subject to change without notice.
*******************************************************************************
Y&Y, Inc., 45 Walden St., Concord, MA 01742-2513, USA
(800) 742-4059 (from North America only)
(978) 371-3286 (voice) (978) 371-2004 (fax)
sales at YandY.com http://www.YandY.com
*******************************************************************************
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