texlive[65054] trunk: latexmk (19nov22)

commits+karl at tug.org commits+karl at tug.org
Sat Nov 19 22:12:10 CET 2022


Revision: 65054
          http://tug.org/svn/texlive?view=revision&revision=65054
Author:   karl
Date:     2022-11-19 22:12:09 +0100 (Sat, 19 Nov 2022)
Log Message:
-----------
latexmk (19nov22)

Modified Paths:
--------------
    trunk/Build/source/texk/texlive/linked_scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.man1.pdf
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/CHANGES
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/INSTALL
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/README
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.pdf
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl

Added Paths:
-----------
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/glossary_latexmkrc

Removed Paths:
-------------
    trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/fix-aux.latexmkrc

Modified: trunk/Build/source/texk/texlive/linked_scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl
===================================================================
--- trunk/Build/source/texk/texlive/linked_scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Build/source/texk/texlive/linked_scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
-
 use warnings;
 
+
 ## Copyright John Collins 1998-2022
 ##           (username jcc8 at node psu.edu)
 ##      (and thanks to David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) 
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
 
 $my_name = 'latexmk';
 $My_name = 'Latexmk';
-$version_num = '4.77';
-$version_details = "$My_name, John Collins, 17 Mar. 2022. Version $version_num";
+$version_num = '4.78';
+$version_details = "$My_name, John Collins, 18 Nov. 2022. Version $version_num";
 
 use Config;
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Copy;
-use File::Spec;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw( catfile file_name_is_absolute rel2abs );
 
 # If possible, use better glob, which does not use space as item separator.
 # It's either File::Glob::bsd_glob or File::Glob::glob
@@ -91,16 +91,13 @@
 use utf8;  # For UTF-8 strings in **this** script
 use feature 'unicode_strings';
 use feature 'say';
-use bytes;  # To avoid messes when we use string operations on byte-coded/encoded
-            # filename strings.
 
+
 # Coding:
 # 1. $CS_system = CS for file names in file system calls, and for CL.
 #    It's to be UTF-8 on all except: MSWin when the MSWin system code page is
 #    not 65001.
 # 2. Internally use CS_system generally, and especially for filenames.
-#    Note with "use bytes;", even **de**coded strings have length and contents
-#    in terms of bytes with UTF-8 coding.
 #    Then standard file system calls, print to terminal don't need encoding,
 #    and things in rc files work unchanged from earlier versions of latexmk,
 #    when I didn't treat non-ASCII coding issues explicitly.
@@ -113,10 +110,11 @@
 #    the PWD is in CS_system on all but most recent *latex (that's a bug).
 #    Convert file/path names to CS_system.
 # 7. Don't support non-UTF-8 on *nix.
-# 8. Do NOT do any conversion to a NF for Unicode: File systems are **either**
-#    normalization-sensitive (NTFS, ext4) and we need to preserve
-#    normalization, **or** they are normalization-insensitve (hfs+, apfs),
-#    in which case we can access a file with any normalization for its name.
+# 8. Do NOT do any conversion to a NF for Unicode: File systems and OS calls
+#    to access them are **either** normalization-sensitive (I think, e.g.,
+#    ext4) and we need to preserve normalization, **or** they are
+#    normalization-insensitve (e.g., hfs+, apfs), in which case we can access
+#    a file with any normalization for its name.
 #
 # N.B.  I18N::Langinfo often doesn't give useful enough information.
 
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@
 our $CS_system;
 $CS_system = 'UTF-8';
 # Quick short cut for tests of whether conversions needed:
-our $utf8_used = 1;
+our $no_CP_conversions = 1;
 
 # Win32 specific CP **numbers**.  Initialize to 65001 (utf-8), and change
 # by results of system calls.
@@ -152,18 +150,19 @@
     };
     if ($@) { warn "Trouble finding and setting code pages used by Windows:\n",
               "  $@",
-              "  ILL CONTINUE WITH UTF-8.\n"; 
+              "  I'LL CONTINUE WITH UTF-8.\n"; 
     }
     else {
         $Win_revert_settings =
               ($CP_init_Win_console_in ne $CP_Win_system)
               || ($CP_init_Win_console_out ne $CP_Win_system);
+        print
+        "Initial Win CP for (console input, console output, system): ",
+        "(CP$CP_init_Win_console_in, CP$CP_init_Win_console_out, CP$CP_Win_system)\n",
+        "I changed them all to CP$CP_Win_system\n";
     }
-    print "Win CP console initial and current in/out Win: ",
-        "($CP_init_Win_console_in, $CP_init_Win_console_out), ",
-        "($CP_Win_system, $CP_Win_system)\n";
 }
-$utf8_used = ($CS_system eq 'UTF-8') || ($CS_system eq 'CP65001');
+$no_CP_conversions = ($CS_system eq 'UTF-8') || ($CS_system eq 'CP65001');
 
 # Ensure that on ctrl/C interruption, etc, Windows console CPs are restored:
 use sigtrap qw(die untrapped normal-signals);
@@ -176,45 +175,105 @@
     }
 }
 
-print "Coding system for system and terminal: '$CS_system'\n---\n"
-    unless $utf8_used;
-
 ########################################################
 
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 #            Unicode manipuation and normalization
+# Notes about Perl strings:
+# 1. Strings have a flag utf8.
+#    a. If the utf8 flag is on, the string is to be interpreted as a sequence
+#       of code points.
+#       When "use utf8;" is used, a string containing non-ASCII characters
+#       has the utf8 flag set.
+#       If 'no bytes;' is in effect, the ordinal value for each item in the
+#       string is the Unicode code point value.
+#    b. If the utf8 flag is off for a string, the string is a sequence of
+#       bytes, to be interpreted according to whatever CS the user happens
+#       to choose to use.
+#    c. The utf8 flag is NOT to be interpreted as saying that the string is
+#       encoded as UTF-8, even though under the hood that may be the case.
+#    d. Indeed, setting 'use bytes;' appears to expose the internal
+#       byte-level representation of a string with the utf8 flag set, and
+#       that appears to be UTF-8.
+# 2. The utf8 flag is quite confusing in its meaning.
+# 3. When encode is applied to a string whose utf8 flag is on, the result
+#    is a string with the utf8 flag off, and the result consists of a sequence
+#    of bytes in the chosen encoding scheme, which may be chosen as UTF-8.
+# 4. Strings received from the command line have the utf8 flag off and are
+#    encoded in whatever CS the OS/terminal is using.
+# 5. When a string is supplied to print (or c), by default:
+#    a. If the utf8 flag is off or if 'use bytes;' is in effect, then the
+#       string is sent as a sequence of bytes.  They are UTF-8 coded if
+#       the utf8 flag is on and 'use bytes;' is in effect.
+#    b. If the utf8 flag is on and if 'no bytes;' is in effect, then mostly
+#       garbage results for non-ASCII characters; the string must first be
+#       encoded as a byte string, in the CS suitable for the OS.
+#    c. Correct results are obtained when the utf8 flag is on and 'no bytes'
+#       is used when the binmode for the file handle is set suitably.
+# 6. Generally OS calls and interactions with the OS need encoded byte strings.
+# 7. Even more generally, interaction with the external world, including file
+#    contents is in terms of byte strings, with some CS chosen by default, by
+#    the user, or the OS.  Unix-like OSs: Default is UTF-8, but as much by
+#    convention as by a requirement of the OS.
 
-
 #-------------------------------------
 
-sub analyze_string {
-    # Useful for debugging encoding issues.
-    my ($m,$s) = @_;
-    say "=== $m '$s':";
-    say(
-        'Perl flag = ',
-        (utf8::is_utf8($s) ? 'utf8' : 'NOT utf8'),
-          ", len = ", length($s)
-        );
-    my @code = unpack( 'U*', $s );
-    @code = map { sprintf('%4X', $_) }  @code;
-    say join( ' ', @code );
+sub utf8_to_mine {
+    # Given string encoded in UTF-8, return encoded string in my current CS.
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
+    else { return  encode( $CS_system, decode('UTF-8', $_[0])); }  
 }
 
-#==================
+#-------------------------------------
 
-sub utf8_to_mine {
+sub utf8_to_mine_errors {
     # Given string encoded in UTF-8, return encoded string in my current CS.
-    if  ($utf8_used) { return $_[0]; }
-    else { return  encode( $CS_system, decode('UTF-8', $_[0])); }  
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    # Assume coding of input string is correctly UTF-8, but
+    # check for correct encoding in CS_system.
+    # Error message is returned in $@.  No error => $@ is null string.
+    # (Same style as eval!)
+    $@ = '';
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
+    else {
+        my $result = '';
+        eval {
+            $result = encode( $CS_system,
+                              decode('UTF-8', $_[0]),
+                              Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC
+                      );
+        };
+        return $result;
+    }  
 }
 
 #-------------------------------------
 
+sub config_to_mine {
+    # Ensure that configuration strings about files and directories are
+    # encoded in system CS.
+    # Configuration strings set in an rc file SHOULD either be:
+    #   a. ASCII only, with Perl's utf8 flag off.
+    #   b. Containing non-ASCII characters, with utf8 flag on.
+    #      These need to be converted to encoded strings in system CS (and
+    #      hence with utf8 flag off).
+    # Configuration variables set from the command line, e.g., from an
+    # -outdir=... option, are already in the system CS, because that is
+    # how strings are passed on  the command line.
+    # So we just need to do a conversion for strings with utf8 flag on:
+    foreach ( $out_dir, $aux_dir, @default_files, @default_excluded_files ) {
+        if (utf8::is_utf8($_)) { $_ = encode( $CS_system, $_ ); }
+    }
+} #END config_to_mine
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub mine_to_utf8 {
     # Given string encoded in my current CS, return utf-8 encoded string.
-    if  ($utf8_used) { return $_[0]; }
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
     else { return  encode( 'UTF-8', decode($CS_system, $_[0])); }
 }
 
@@ -255,15 +314,15 @@
     if ($invoked_name ne 'latexmk');
 
 # Map my invoked name to pointer to array of default values for $dvi_mode,
-# $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode.  These are used if after processing rc files
-# and CL args, no values are set for any of these variables.
+# $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode, $xdv_mode.  These are used if after processing
+# rc files and CL args, no values are set for any of these variables.
 # Thus default compilation for latexmk is by latex,
 #                          for pdflatexmk is by pdflatex, etc.
 %compilation_defaults =
-    ( 'latexmk' => [1,0,0],
-      'lualatexmk' => [0,0,4],
-      'pdflatexmk' => [0,0,1],
-      'xelatexmk' => [0,0,5],
+    ( 'latexmk' => [1,0,0,0],
+      'lualatexmk' => [0,0,4,0],
+      'pdflatexmk' => [0,0,1,0],
+      'xelatexmk' => [0,0,5,0],
     );
 # If name isn't in canonical set, change it to a good default:
 unless (exists $compilation_defaults{$invoked_name}) { $invoked_name = 'latexmk'; }
@@ -320,7 +379,19 @@
     'Error: pdflatex \(file ([^\)]*)\): cannot find image file',
     ': File (.*) not found:\s*$',
     '! Unable to load picture or PDF file \\\'([^\\\']+)\\\'.',
+    );
+
+# Array of reg-exps for patterns in log file for certain latex warnings
+# that we will call bad warnings.  They are not treated as errors by
+# *latex, but depending on the $bad_warning_is_error setting 
+# we will treat as if they were actual errors.
+ at bad_warnings = (
+    # Remember: \\ in perl inside single quotes gives a '\', so we need
+    # '\\\\' to get '\\' in the regexp.
+    '^\(\\\\end occurred when .* was incomplete\)',
+    '^\(\\\\end occurred inside .*\)',
 );
+$bad_warning_is_error = 0; 
 
 # Characters that we won't allow in the name of a TeX file.
 # Notes: Some are disallowed by TeX itself.
@@ -401,6 +472,10 @@
 ## "" means not determined. Obtain from first line of .log file.
 $tex_distribution = '';
 
+# List of known *latex rules:
+%possible_primaries = ( 'dvilualatex'  => 'primary', 'latex'  => 'primary',
+                        'lualatex'  => 'primary', 'pdflatex'  => 'primary',
+                        'xelatex'  => 'primary' );
 &std_tex_cmds;
 
 # Possible code to execute by *latex before inputting source file.
@@ -410,6 +485,7 @@
 ## Default switches:
 $latex_default_switches = '';
 $pdflatex_default_switches = '';
+$dvilualatex_default_switches = '';
 $lualatex_default_switches = '';
     # Note that xelatex is used to give xdv file, not pdf file, hence 
     # we need the -no-pdf option.
@@ -418,12 +494,13 @@
 ## Switch(es) to make them silent:
 $latex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $pdflatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
+$dvilualatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $lualatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $xelatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 
 # Whether to emulate -aux-directory, so we can use it on system(s) (TeXLive)
 # that don't support it:
-$emulate_aux = 0;
+$emulate_aux = 1;
 # Whether emulate_aux had to be switched on during a run:
 $emulate_aux_switched = 0;
 
@@ -637,6 +714,7 @@
 # These need to be stored until after the command line parsing is finished,
 #  in case the values of $latex and/or $pdflatex change after an option
 #  is added.
+ at extra_dvilualatex_options = ();
 @extra_latex_options = ();
 @extra_pdflatex_options = ();
 @extra_lualatex_options = ();
@@ -1118,6 +1196,15 @@
 
 ## default parameters
 $auto_rc_use = 1;       # Whether to read rc files automatically
+$user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed = 0; # Whether when testing for changed
+               # files, a user file that changes status from existing
+               # to non-existing should be regarded as changed.
+               # Value 1: only in non-preview-continuous mode.
+               # Value 2: always.
+               # Primary purpose is to cover cases where behavior of
+               # compilation of .tex file tests for file existence and
+               # adjusts behavior accordingly, instead of simply giving an
+               # error. 
 $max_repeat = 5;        # Maximum times I repeat latex.  Normally
                         # 3 would be sufficient: 1st run generates aux file,
                         # 2nd run picks up aux file, and maybe toc, lof which 
@@ -1159,7 +1246,7 @@
 $fdb_ext = 'fdb_latexmk'; # Extension for the file for latexmk's
                           # file-database
                           # Make it long to avoid possible collisions.
-$fdb_ver = 3;             # Version number for kind of fdb_file.
+$fdb_ver = 4;             # Version number for kind of fdb_file.
 
 $jobname = '';          # Jobname: as with current tex, etc indicates
                         # basename of generated files.  Defined so
@@ -1221,19 +1308,27 @@
 
 
 # Which kinds of file do I have requests to make?
+our ($dvi_mode, $pdf_mode, $postscript_mode, $xdv_mode,
+     $cleanup_mode, $force_mode, $go_mode, $landscape_mode, $preview_mode, $preview_continuous_mode, $printout_mode );
 # If no requests at all are made, then I will make dvi file
 # If particular requests are made then other files may also have to be
 # made.  E.g., ps file requires a dvi file
-$dvi_mode = 0;          # No dvi file requested
+$dvi_mode = 0;          # No dvi file requested.
+                        # Possible values:
+                        #  0: no request for dvi file
+                        #  1: use latex to make dvi file
+                        #  2: use dvilualatex to make dvi file
 $postscript_mode = 0;   # No postscript file requested
 $pdf_mode = 0;          # No pdf file requested to be made by pdflatex
                         # Possible values: 
                         #     0 don't create pdf file
                         #     1 to create pdf file by pdflatex
-                        #     2 to create pdf file by ps2pdf
-                        #     3 to create pdf file by dvipdf
+                        #     2 to create pdf file by compile-to-dvi+dvips+ps2pdf
+                        #     3 to create pdf file by compile-to-dvi+dvipdf
                         #     4 to create pdf file by lualatex
                         #     5 to create pdf file by xelatex + xdvipdfmx
+$xdv_mode = 0;          # No xdv file requested
+
 $view = 'default';      # Default preview is of highest of dvi, ps, pdf
 $sleep_time = 2;        # time to sleep b/w checks for file changes in -pvc mode
 $banner = 0;            # Non-zero if we have a banner to insert
@@ -1269,9 +1364,10 @@
 $dvi_filter = '';       # DVI filter command
 $ps_filter = '';        # Postscript filter command
 
-$force_mode = 0;        # =1 to force processing past errors
-$go_mode = 0;           # =1 to force processing regardless of time-stamps
-                        # =2 full clean-up first
+$force_mode = 0;        # =1: to force processing past errors
+$go_mode = 0;           # =1: to force processing regardless of time-stamps
+                        # =2: full clean-up first
+                        # =3: Just force primary rule(s) to run
 $preview_mode = 0;
 $preview_continuous_mode  = 0;
 $printout_mode = 0;     # Don't print the file
@@ -1280,10 +1376,14 @@
 $pvc_timeout = 0;
 $pvc_timeout_mins = 30;
 
-$show_time = 0;
- at timings = ();
-$processing_time1 = processing_time();
+# Timing information
+# Whether to report processing time: 
+our $show_time = 0;
+# Data for 1 run and global (ending in '0'):
+our ( $processing_time1, $processing_time0, @timings1, @timings0);
+&init_timing_all;
 
+
 $use_make_for_missing_files = 0;   # Whether to use make to try to make missing files.
 
 # Do we make view file in temporary then move to final destination?
@@ -1319,12 +1419,26 @@
 $BIBINPUTS = $ENV{'BIBINPUTS'};
 if (!$BIBINPUTS) { $BIBINPUTS = '.'; }
 
+# ???!!! 
+# Old configuration variable @BIBINPUTS to be equivalent to environment
+# variable BIBINPUTS.  It was to be easier to work with inside latexmk. But
+# under present conditions, it's better to manipulate $ENV{BIBINPUTS}.
+# ??? Need to explain better.
+# Why only for BIBINPUTS, not TEXINPUTS.
+#
+# But retain @BIBINPUTS for backward compatibility, since users may have
+# configured it.  We'll save the values, allow for possible user changes in
+# @BIBINPUTS or $ENV{BIBINPUTS} in rc files and from command line
+# arguments. Then funnel changes back to $ENV{BIBINPUTS}, ...
+#
 # Convert search paths to arrays:
 # If any of the paths end in '//' then recursively search the
 # directory.  After these operations, @BIBINPUTS  should
 # have all the directories that need to be searched
-
+#
 @BIBINPUTS = find_dirs1( $BIBINPUTS );
+our @BIBINPUTS_SAVE = @BIBINPUTS;
+our $BIBINPUTS_ENV_SAVE = $ENV{BIBINPUTS};
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -1438,12 +1552,7 @@
 # non-existent file.
 
 
-# List of known rules.  Rule types: primary, 
-#     external (calls program), internal (calls routine), cusdep.
 
-%possible_primaries = ( 'latex'  => 'primary',  'pdflatex'  => 'primary',
-                        'lualatex'  => 'primary', 'xelatex'  => 'primary' );
-
 # Hashes, whose keys give names of particular kinds of rule, and targets.
 # We use hashes for ease of lookup.
 %possible_one_time = ( 'view' => 1, 'print' => 1, 'update_view' => 1,  );
@@ -1455,8 +1564,9 @@
                     # currently irrelevant.
 # The target **files** can only be set inside the FILE loop.
 $current_primary  = 'latex';   # Rule to compile .tex file.
-                    # Subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
-                    # uses metcommands andobeying them is enabled.
+                    # It will be overridden at rule-initialization time, and
+                    # is subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
+                    # uses metcommands and obeying them is implemented/enabled.
 $pdf_method       = '';  # How to make pdf file.  '' if not requested,
                     # else 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'lualatex' or 'xelatex'
                     # Subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
@@ -1475,7 +1585,7 @@
 %rule_db = ();      # Database of all rules:
                     # Hash: rulename -> [array of rule data]
                     # Rule data:
-                    #   0: [ cmd_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, test_kind, 
+                    #   0: [ cmd_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, no_history, 
                     #       source, dest, base,
                     #       out_of_date, out_of_date_user,
                     #       time_of_last_run, time_of_last_file_check,
@@ -1502,15 +1612,18 @@
                     #       This variable intcmd is a reference to an array,  
                     #       $$intcmd[0] = internal routine
                     #       $$intcmd[1...] = its arguments (if any)
-                    #     test_kind specifies method of determining
-                    #       whether a file is out-of-date:
-                    #         0 for never
-                    #         1 for usual: whether there is a source
-                    #              file change 
-                    #         2 for dest earlier than source
-                    #         3 for method 2 at first run, 1 thereafter
-                    #              (used when don't have file data from
-                    #              previous run).
+                    #     no_history being true indicates that there was no
+                    #       data on the file state from a previous run.  In
+                    #       this case the implication is that when the next
+                    #       test for whether a run of the rule is needed,
+                    #       the file-contents criterion won't be useful.
+                    #       Then a time-based criterion (as in normal make)
+                    #       is used, i.e., if a source file is newer than
+                    #       the destination file, then a rerun is needed.
+                    #       After that first test for a rerun has been
+                    #       done, a run or no run is made according as
+                    #       appropriate.  After that the file-change
+                    #       criterion works, and no_history is turned off.
                     #     source = name of primary source file, if any
                     #     dest   = name of primary destination file,
                     #              if any
@@ -1545,7 +1658,7 @@
                     #     changed flags whether special changes have been made
                     #          that require file-existence status to be ignored
                     #     last_result is 
-                    #                 -1 if no run has been made,
+                    #                 -1 if no run has been made
                     #                  0 if the last run was successful
                     #                  1 if last run was successful, but
                     #                    failed to create an output file
@@ -1588,9 +1701,38 @@
                     #          can be avoided by changing the file's time
                     #          in the source-file list.
                     #   2: {Hash generated_file -> 1 }
-                    #      This lists all generated files; the values
-                    #          are currently unused, only the keys
-                    #   3: {Hash source_rule -> last_pass }
+                    #      This lists all generated files.
+                    #      The values for the hash are currently unused, only the keys.
+                    #   3: {Hash rewritten_before_read_file -> 1 }
+                    #      This lists all files that are only read after being
+                    #      written **and** that existed before being
+                    #      written, i.e., that existed at the beginning of
+                    #      the run.  These are listed in both the source-
+                    #      and generated-file hashes, but do not need
+                    #      to be checked for changes in testing whether
+                    #      another run is needed, i.e., they aren't true
+                    #      source files.  **IMPORTANT NOTE:** If a file is
+                    #      read only after being written, but the file didn't
+                    #      exist at the beginning of the run, it is
+                    #      possible (and often true) that on a subsequent
+                    #      run the file would be read, then written, and
+                    #      perhaps read again.  That is, it can be that
+                    #      before the file is written, there is a test for
+                    #      file existence, and the file is read, but only
+                    #      if it exists.  Examples: .aux and .toc
+                    #      files. Such files are true dependencies and must
+                    #      be checked for changes. Only when the file
+                    #      existed at the start of the run and was then
+                    #      written before being read, do we know that
+                    #      write-before-read shows that the file is not a
+                    #      true source-dependency.
+                    #      This issue is significant: under some situations,
+                    #      like the use of latexmk and tex4ht, the file may
+                    #      be changed by other software before the next run
+                    #      of the current rule.  That must not trigger
+                    #      another run. 
+                    #      The values for the hash are currently unused, only the keys.
+                    #   4: {Hash source_rule -> last_pass }
                     #      This lists rules that are to be considered source
                     #      rules for the current rule, separately from the 
                     #      source_rules of the source files. Its main use
@@ -1642,8 +1784,6 @@
                          # not defined (or possibly the null string '').
 
 # Classification of rules, for determining order of application
-%current_primaries = ();   # Keys are primary rules (latex, etc) that are
-                           # currently in use.
 @pre_primary = ();         # Array of rules that are thought of as pre-primary,
                            # Should be in an appropriate order for invoking
                            # them, to optimize making.
@@ -1693,7 +1833,6 @@
 
 sub read_first_rc_file_in_list {
     foreach my $rc_file ( @_ ) {
-        #print "===Testing for rc file \"$rc_file\" ...\n";
         if ( -d $rc_file ) {
             warn "$My_name: I have found a DIRECTORY named \"$rc_file\".\n",
                  "   Have you perhaps misunderstood latexmk's documentation?\n",
@@ -1745,6 +1884,8 @@
     read_first_rc_file_in_list( ".latexmkrc", "latexmkrc" );
 }
 
+
+
 ## Process command line args.
 @command_line_file_list = ();
 $bad_options = 0;
@@ -1782,8 +1923,12 @@
   elsif (/^-diagnostics/) { $diagnostics = 1; }
   elsif (/^-dir-report$/)    { $aux_out_dir_report = 1; }
   elsif (/^-dir-report-$/)   { $aux_out_dir_report = 0; }
-  elsif (/^-dvi$/)   { $dvi_mode = 1; }
-  elsif (/^-dvi-$/)  { $dvi_mode = 0; }
+  elsif (/^-dvi$/)    { $dvi_mode = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-dvilua$/) { $dvi_mode = 2; }
+  elsif (/^-dvi-$/)   { $dvi_mode = 0; }
+  elsif ( /^-dvilualatex=(.*)$/ ) {
+      $dvilualatex = $1;
+  }
   elsif (/^-emulate-aux-dir$/) { $emulate_aux = 1; }
   elsif (/^-emulate-aux-dir-$/) { $emulate_aux = 0; }
   elsif (/^-f$/)     { $force_mode = 1; }
@@ -1793,6 +1938,9 @@
   elsif (/^-gg$/)    { 
      $go_mode = 2; $cleanup_mode = 1; $cleanup_only = 0; 
   }
+  elsif (/^-gt$/)    { 
+     $go_mode = 3;
+  }
   elsif ( /^-h$/ || /^-help$/ )   { &print_help; exit;}
   elsif (/^-jobname=(.*)$/) {
       $jobname = $1;
@@ -1808,6 +1956,7 @@
       $latex = $1;
   }
   elsif (/^-latexoption=(.*)$/) {
+      push @extra_dvilualatex_options, $1;
       push @extra_latex_options, $1;
       push @extra_pdflatex_options, $1;
       push @extra_lualatex_options, $1;
@@ -1967,6 +2116,8 @@
   elsif (/^-view=ps$/)      { $view = "ps";}
   elsif (/^-view=pdf$/)     { $view = "pdf"; }
   elsif (/^-Werror$/){ $warnings_as_errors = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-xdv$/)    { $xdv_mode = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-xdv-$/)   { $xdv_mode = 0; }
   elsif ( /^-xelatex$/ || /^-pdfxelatex$/ )      { 
       $pdf_mode = 5;
       $dvi_mode = $postscript_mode = 0; 
@@ -2032,6 +2183,7 @@
           || ( /^(-.+)=/ && exists( $allowed_latex_options_with_arg{$1} ) )
         )
   {
+      push @extra_dvilualatex_options, $original;
       push @extra_latex_options, $original;
       push @extra_pdflatex_options, $original;
       push @extra_lualatex_options, $original;
@@ -2057,6 +2209,8 @@
 print "$My_name: This is $version_details, version: $version_num.\n",
    unless $silent;
 
+&config_to_mine;
+
 if ($out_dir eq '' ){
     # Default to cwd
     $out_dir = '.';
@@ -2198,11 +2352,13 @@
 &fix_cmds;
 
 # Add common options
+add_option( $dvilualatex_default_switches, \$dvilualatex );
 add_option( $latex_default_switches,    \$latex );
 add_option( $pdflatex_default_switches, \$pdflatex );
 add_option( $lualatex_default_switches, \$lualatex );
 add_option( $xelatex_default_switches,  \$xelatex );
 
+foreach (@extra_dvilualatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$dvilualatex ); }
 foreach (@extra_latex_options)    { add_option( $_, \$latex ); }
 foreach (@extra_pdflatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$pdflatex ); }
 foreach (@extra_lualatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$lualatex ); }
@@ -2217,7 +2373,23 @@
   $ps_previewer = $ps_previewer_landscape;
 }
 
+{ my $array_changed = 0;
+  if ($#BIBINPUTS != $#BIBINPUTS_SAVE) { $array_changed = 1; }
+  else {
+      for( my $i = 0; $i <= $#BIBINPUTS; $i++ ) {
+          if ($BIBINPUTS[$i] ne $BIBINPUTS_SAVE[$i]) {
+              $array_changed = 1;
+              last;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+  if ($array_changed) {
+      foreach (@BIBINPUTS) { ensure_path( 'BIBINPUTS', $_ ); }
+  }
+}
+
 if ( $silent ) { 
+    add_option( "$dvilualatex_silent_switch", \$dvilualatex );
     add_option( "$latex_silent_switch", \$latex );
     add_option( "$pdflatex_silent_switch", \$pdflatex );
     add_option( "$lualatex_silent_switch", \$lualatex );
@@ -2231,7 +2403,7 @@
 }
 
 if ( $recorder ) {
-    add_option( "-recorder", \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+    add_option( "-recorder", \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
 }
 
 # If the output and/or aux directories are specified, fix the *latex
@@ -2243,11 +2415,11 @@
 if ( $jobname ne '' ) {
     # Since $jobname may include placeholder(s), put %R placeholder
     # in option, and let %R be substituted by actual jobname at runtime.
-    add_option( "--jobname=%R", \$latex, \$lualatex, \$pdflatex, \$xelatex );
+    add_option( "--jobname=%R", \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$lualatex, \$pdflatex, \$xelatex );
 }
 
 # Make sure we make the kind of file we want to view:
-if ($view eq 'dvi') { $dvi_mode = 1; }
+if ( ($view eq 'dvi') && ($dvi_mode == 0) ) { $dvi_mode = 1; }
 if ($view eq 'ps') { $postscript_mode = 1; }
 if ( ($view eq 'pdf') && ($pdf_mode == 0) ) { 
     $pdf_mode = 1; 
@@ -2254,9 +2426,9 @@
 }
 
 # Make sure that we make something if all requests are turned off
-unless ( $dvi_mode || $pdf_mode || $postscript_mode || $printout_mode )  {
+unless ( $dvi_mode || $pdf_mode || $postscript_mode || $printout_mode || $xdv_mode )  {
     print "No specific requests made, so using default for $invoked_name.\n";
-    ($dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode)
+    ($dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode, $xdv_mode )
         = @{$compilation_defaults{$invoked_name}};    
 }
 
@@ -2274,12 +2446,10 @@
 # Determine requests.
 if ( $banner ) { $postscript_mode = 1; }
 if ( $dvi_mode ) {
-    $current_primary = 'latex';
     $requested_filetypes{'dvi'} = 1;
     if ( length($dvi_filter) != 0 ) { $requested_filetypes{'dviF'} = 1; }
 }
 if ( $postscript_mode ) {
-    $current_primary = 'latex';
     $requested_filetypes{'ps'} = 1;
     if ( length($ps_filter) != 0 )  { $requested_filetypes{'psF'} = 1; }
 }
@@ -2293,11 +2463,13 @@
     my %disallowed = ();
     foreach (1,4,5) { $disallowed{$_} = 1; }
     if ($disallowed{$pdf_mode}) {
-        warn "$My_name: \$pdf_mode = $pdf_mode is incompatible with dvi and postscript modes\n",
-             "  which are required by other requests.\n";
-        if ($postscript_mode) {$pdf_mode = 2;}
+        warn
+            "$My_name: \$pdf_mode = $pdf_mode is incompatible with dvi and postscript modes\n",
+            "  which are required by other requests.\n";
+        if ($postscript_mode) { $pdf_mode = 2; }
         else { $pdf_mode = 3; }
-        warn "  I replaced it by $pdf_mode.\n";
+        warn
+            "  I replaced it by $pdf_mode, to be compatible with those other requests.\n";
     }
 }
 if ( $pdf_mode == 0 ) {
@@ -2339,7 +2511,7 @@
 if ( $preview_continuous_mode || $preview_mode ) { $one_time{'view'} = 1; }
 
 $can_switch = $allow_switch;
-if ( $dvi_mode || $postscript_mode
+if ( $dvi_mode || $postscript_mode || $xdv_mode
      || ( $printout_mode && ($print_type eq 'ps') || ($print_type eq 'dvi') )
      || ( ($preview_mode || $preview_continuous_mode)  &&  ( ($view eq 'ps') || ($view eq 'dvi') ) )
    ) {
@@ -2461,6 +2633,8 @@
     #   Use of $do_cd, which can affect how $aux_dir and $out_dir get normalized.
     local $aux_dir = $aux_dir;
     local $out_dir = $out_dir;
+
+    local $dvilualatex = $dvilualatex;
     local $latex = $latex;
     local $lualatex = $lualatex;
     local $pdflatex = $pdflatex;
@@ -2502,8 +2676,9 @@
             # data may be incorrect.
             # So use filetime criterion for make instead of file change from
             # previous run, until we have done our own make.
-            rdb_recurse( [keys %possible_primaries],
-                      sub{ if ( $$Ptest_kind == 1 ) { $$Ptest_kind = 3;} }
+            #   ???!!! CHECK: WHY ONLY PRIMARIES????
+            rdb_recurse( [$current_primary],
+                         sub{ $$Pno_history = 1; }
             );
         }
     }
@@ -2511,7 +2686,7 @@
         # At least we can use dependency information from previous run of
         # *latex, which may not have been under latexmk control, otherwise
         # the fdb_latexmk file would have been made.
-        rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries],
+        rdb_for_some( [$current_primary],
                       sub{ rdb_set_latex_deps($cleanup_mode) }
                     );
         &rdb_set_rule_net;
@@ -2545,8 +2720,14 @@
 
 
 
-    if ($go_mode) {
+    if ($go_mode == 3) {
+        # Force primaries to be remade.
+        if (!$silent) { print "Force *latex to be remade.\n"; }
+        rdb_for_some( [keys %possible_primaries], sub{$$Pout_of_date=1;}  );
+    }
+    elsif ($go_mode) {
         # Force everything to be remade.
+        if (!$silent) { print "Force everything to be remade.\n"; }
         rdb_recurse( [ &rdb_target_array], sub{$$Pout_of_date=1;}  );
     }
 
@@ -2579,6 +2760,8 @@
     #Initialize failure flags now.
     $failure = 0;
     $failure_msg = '';
+    &init_timing1;
+
     if ($compiling_cmd) { Run_subst( $compiling_cmd ); }
     $failure = &rdb_make;
     if ( ( $failure <= 0 ) || $force_mode ) {
@@ -2623,10 +2806,15 @@
         push @failed_primaries, $filename;
     }
     &ifcd_popd;
+    if ($show_time) { &show_timing1; };
+    print "\n";
 }
 close($deps_handle) if ( $deps_handle );
 
-if ($show_time) { show_timing();}
+if ( $show_time && ( ($#file_list > 0) || $preview_continuous_mode ) ) {
+    print "\n";
+    show_timing_grand();
+}
 
 # If we get here without going through the continue section:
 if ( $do_cd && ($#dir_stack > -1) ) {
@@ -2664,21 +2852,63 @@
 #############################################################
 #############################################################
 
-sub show_timing {
+# Subroutines for working with processing time
+
+############################
+
+sub add_timing {
+    # Usage: add_timing( time_for_run, rule );
+    # Adds time_for_run to @timings1, @timings0
+    my ( $time, $rule ) = @_; 
+    push @timings1, "'$rule': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+    push @timings0, "'$rule': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub init_timing1 {
+    # Initialize timing for one run.
+    @timings1 = ();
+    $processing_time1 = processing_time();    
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub init_timing_all {
+    # Initialize timing for totals and for one run:
+    @timings0 = ();
+    $processing_time0 = processing_time();
+    &init_timing1;
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub show_timing1 {
+    # Show timing for one run.
     my $processing_time = processing_time() - $processing_time1;
-    print @timings, "Accumulated processing time = ",
+    print @timings1, "Processing time = ",
           sprintf('%.2f', $processing_time), "\n";
-    print "Number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings, "\n";
-    @timings = (); 
-    $processing_time1 = processing_time();
+    print "Number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings1, "\n";
 }
 
+############################
+
+sub show_timing_grand {
+    # Show grand total timing.
+    my $processing_time = processing_time() - $processing_time0;
+    print # @timings0,
+          "Grand total processing time = ",
+          sprintf('%.2f', $processing_time), "\n";
+    print "Total number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings0, "\n";
+}
+
 #############################################################
+#############################################################
 
 sub set_tex_cmds {
     # Usage, e.g., set_tex_cmds( '%O %S' )
     my $args = $_[0];
-    foreach my $cmd ('latex', 'lualatex', 'pdflatex', 'xelatex' ) {
+    foreach my $cmd ( keys %possible_primaries ) {
         ${$cmd} = "$cmd $args";
     }
     # N.B. See setting of $latex_default_switches, ...,
@@ -2745,8 +2975,8 @@
 #############################################################
 
 sub ensure_path {
-    # Usage: ensure_path( $var, values ...)
-    # $ENV{$var} is an environment variable (e.g. $ENV{TEXINPUTS}.
+    # Usage: ensure_path( var, values ...)
+    # $ENV{var} is an environment variable (e.g. $ENV{TEXINPUTS}.
     # Ensure the values are in it, prepending them if not, and
     # creating the environment variable if it doesn't already exist.
     my $var = shift;
@@ -2772,6 +3002,63 @@
 
 #############################################################
 
+sub path_fudge {
+    # Usage: path_fudge( var1[, var2 ...])
+    # For each argument, $ENV{var} is an environment variable
+    #   (e.g. $ENV{BIBINPUTS}, that is a search path. 
+    # Adjust each of these environment variables so that it is
+    #   appropriately set for use when a program is run with a changed wd,
+    #   as with bibtex when $bibtex_fudge is set.
+    # Specifically:
+    #   1. Prepend current wd to each $ENV{var}, if it exists; otherwise
+    #      set $ENV{var} to current wd followed by search-path separator,
+    #      so that search path is cwd and then default.
+    #      Hence files in cwd are found by a program run in another
+    #      directory.
+    #   2. For each item in $ENV{var} that isn't an absolute path, i.e.,
+    #      that is relative, replace it by itself followed by the same path
+    #      converted to an absolute path, with the relative path being
+    #      assumed to be relative to the current wd. 
+    #      Hence a program run in another directory finds files that were
+    #      originally intended to be in a directory relative to the orginal
+    #      cwd. In addition, in the conceivable case that the item in the
+    #      search path is actually intended to be relative to the directory
+    #      in which the program is run (normally the aux dir), it also
+    #      works correctly.
+    
+    my $cwd = good_cwd();
+    foreach my $var ( @_ ) {
+        if ( exists $ENV{$var} ) {
+            $ENV{$var} = $cwd.$search_path_separator.$ENV{$var};
+        }
+        else {
+            $ENV{$var} = $cwd.$search_path_separator;
+        }
+
+        my @items = split_search_path( $search_path_separator, '', $ENV{$var} );
+        my $changed = 0;
+
+        foreach (@items) {
+            if ($_ eq '' ) {
+                # Empty item => std search path => nothing to do.
+            }
+            elsif ( ! file_name_is_absolute($_) ) {
+               my $abs = rel2abs($_);
+               $_ .= $search_path_separator.$abs;
+               $changed = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($changed) {
+            # Correct the env. var.
+            $ENV{$var} = join( $search_path_separator, @items );
+            print "====== ENV{$var} changed to '$ENV{$var}'\n";
+         }
+    }  # END loop over env. vars.
+} #END path_fudge
+
+#############################################################
+
 sub normalize_aux_out_ETC {
     # 1. Normalize $out_dir and $aux_dir, so that if they have a non-trivial last
     #    component, any trailing '/' is removed.
@@ -2879,13 +3166,13 @@
             # the relevant files (.pdf, .ps, .dvi, .xdv, .fls to the output
             # directory after running *latex.
             add_option( "-output-directory=%V",
-                        \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                        \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
     }
     else {
         if ( $out_dir && ($out_dir ne '.') ) {
             add_option( "-output-directory=%W",
-                        \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                        \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
         if ( $aux_dir ne $out_dir ) {
             # N.B. If $aux_dir and $out_dir are the same, then the
@@ -2892,7 +3179,7 @@
             # -output-directory option is sufficient, especially because
             # the -aux-directory exists only in MiKTeX, not in TeXLive.
             add_option( "-aux-directory=%V",
-                            \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                            \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
     }
 } #END set_aux_out_options
@@ -2966,8 +3253,9 @@
     while ( my ($key, $value) = each %extra_rule_spec ) {
         $rule_template{$key} = $value;
     }
+    #   ???!!!  REVISE
     foreach my $rule ( keys %rule_template ) {
-        my ( $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $source, $dest, $base, $test_kind, $PA_extra_gen ) = @{$rule_template{$rule}};
+        my ( $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $source, $dest, $base, $DUMMY, $PA_extra_gen ) = @{$rule_template{$rule}};
         if ( ! $PA_extra_gen ) { $PA_extra_gen = []; }
         my $needs_making = 0;
         # Substitute in the filename variables, since we will use
@@ -2982,28 +3270,43 @@
             s/%B/$base/;
             s/%T/$texfile_name/;
         }
-        rdb_create_rule( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $test_kind, 
+        rdb_create_rule( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $DUMMY, 
                          $source, $dest, $base,
                          $needs_making, undef, undef, 1, $PA_extra_gen );
     } # End rule iteration
 
-    # Ensure we only have one way to make pdf file, and that it is appropriate. Remove other incompatibilities
-    if    ($pdf_mode == 1) { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'ps2pdf', 'latex', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 2) { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 3) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 4) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 5) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'lualatex' ); }
-    else                   { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
+    # At this point, all the rules are active.
+    # The rules that are used are determined by starting with the desired
+    # final files and going backwards in the rule network to find what rules
+    # have to be run to make the final files.
+    # The only problem in doing this is if there is more than one way of making
+    # a given file.  This arises only for rules that make pdf or dvi files,
+    # since we have multiple rules for making them.
 
-    if ($dvi_mode == 1) {
-        rdb_activate( 'latex' );
-        $target_files{$dvi_final} = 1;
-    }
-    if ($postscript_mode == 1) {
-        rdb_activate( 'latex' );
-        $target_files{$ps_final} = 1;
-    }
+    # Ensure we only have one way to make pdf file, and only one active primary:
+    # Deactivate pdf-making rules and primary rules,
+    # then reactivating only one pdf producing rule and current primary,
+    # setting $current_primary as side-effect.
+    
+    rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'ps2pdf', 'xdvipdfmx', keys %possible_primaries );
+
+    $current_primary = 'latex';  # 
+    # Activate needed non-primary pdf-making rules, set current primary (if
+    # it isn't latex, and activate the current primary:
+    if       ($pdf_mode == 1) { $current_primary = 'pdflatex'; }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 2) { rdb_activate( 'ps2pdf' ); }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 3) { rdb_activate( 'dvipdf' ); }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 4) { $current_primary = 'lualatex'; }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 5) { rdb_activate( 'xdvipdfmx' ); $current_primary = 'xelatex';  }
+    if ($dvi_mode == 2) { $current_primary = 'dvilualatex'; }
+
+    rdb_activate( $current_primary );
+    
+    if ($dvi_mode) { $target_files{$dvi_final} = 1; }
+    if ($postscript_mode) { $target_files{$ps_final} = 1; }
     if ($pdf_mode) { $target_files{$pdf_final} = 1; }
+    if ($xdv_mode) { $target_files{$xdv_final} = 1; }
+
     &rdb_set_rule_net;
 } # END rdb_initialize_rules
 
@@ -3052,21 +3355,19 @@
     # Specification of internal command for viewer update:
     my $PA_update = ['do_update_view', $viewer_update_method, $viewer_update_signal, 0, 1];
 
-# For test_kind: Use file contents for latex and friends, but file time for the others.
-# This is because, especially for dvi file, the contents of the file may contain
-#    a pointer to a file to be included, not the contents of the file! 
     %rule_list = (
+        'dvilualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$dvilualatex",  '',      "%T",        $dvi_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'latex'     => [ 'primary',  "$latex",     '',            "%T",        $dvi_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
+        'lualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$lualatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'pdflatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$pdflatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
-        'lualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$lualatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'xelatex'   => [ 'primary',  "$xelatex",   '',            "%T",        $xdv_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
-        'dvipdf'    => [ 'external', "$dvipdf",    'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'xdvipdfmx' => [ 'external', "$xdvipdfmx", 'do_viewfile', $xdv_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'dvips'     => [ 'external', "$dvips",     'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $ps_name,   "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'dvifilter' => [ 'external', $dvi_filter,  'do_viewfile', $dvi_name,   $dviF_name, "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'ps2pdf'    => [ 'external', "$ps2pdf",    'do_viewfile', $ps_final,   $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'psfilter'  => [ 'external', $ps_filter,   'do_viewfile', $ps_name,    $psF_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'print'     => [ 'external', "$print_cmd", 'if_source',   $print_file, "",         "",     2 ],
+        'dvipdf'    => [ 'external', "$dvipdf",    'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'xdvipdfmx' => [ 'external', "$xdvipdfmx", 'do_viewfile', $xdv_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'dvips'     => [ 'external', "$dvips",     'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $ps_name,   "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'dvifilter' => [ 'external', $dvi_filter,  'do_viewfile', $dvi_name,   $dviF_name, "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'ps2pdf'    => [ 'external', "$ps2pdf",    'do_viewfile', $ps_final,   $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'psfilter'  => [ 'external', $ps_filter,   'do_viewfile', $ps_name,    $psF_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'print'     => [ 'external', "$print_cmd", 'if_source',   $print_file, "",         "",     1 ],
         'update_view' => [ 'external', $viewer_update_command, $PA_update,
                                $view_file,  "",        "",   2 ],
         'view'     => [ 'external', "$viewer",    'if_source',   $view_file,  "",        "",   2 ],
@@ -3097,7 +3398,6 @@
     rdb_for_actives( \&set_file_links_for_rule );
     rdb_for_actives( \&rdb_set_source_rules );
     &rdb_classify_rules;
-    #    print "=========In rdb_make_links: rules\n"; &rdb_show;
 }
 
 #------------
@@ -3183,7 +3483,6 @@
     #    %possible_primaries
     
     # Output:
-    #    %current_primaries    # Keys are actual primaries
     #    @pre_primary          # Array of rules
     #    @post_primary         # Array of rules
     #    @unusual_one_time     # Array of rules
@@ -3193,7 +3492,6 @@
     local $state = 0;       # Post-primary
     local @classify_stack = ();
 
-    %current_primaries = ();
     @pre_primary = ();
     @post_primary = ();
     @unusual_one_time = ();
@@ -3204,21 +3502,11 @@
     @pre_primary = reverse @pre_primary;
     @post_primary = reverse @post_primary;
 
-    my @current_primaries = keys %current_primaries;
-    if ($#current_primaries < 0) {
-        die "$My_name: No active primary rules found.  I have to stop.\n";
-    }
-    elsif ($#current_primaries > 0) {
-        die "$My_name: More than one active primary rule found.  I have to stop.\n",
-            "  Primary rules: @current_primaries\n";
-    }
-    $current_primary = $current_primaries[0];
-
     if ($diagnostics) {
         print "Rule classification: \n";
         show_array( "  Requested rules:",  @requested_targets );
         show_array( "  Pre-primaries:", @pre_primary );
-        show_array( "  Primaries:", keys %current_primaries );
+        show_array( "  Primary:", $current_primary );
         show_array( "  Post-primaries:", @post_primary );
         show_array( "  Inner-level one_time rules:", @unusual_one_time );
         show_array( "  Outer-level one_time rules:", keys %one_time );
@@ -3245,7 +3533,6 @@
     elsif ($state == 0) {
        if ( exists $possible_primaries{$rule} ) {
            $state = 1;   # In primary rule
-           $current_primaries{ $rule } = 1;
        }
        else {
            push @post_primary, $rule;
@@ -3289,6 +3576,7 @@
     fprint8 $aux_file, "\\gdef \\\@abspage\@last{1}\n";
     close($aux_file);
 
+    if (!$silent) { print "After making new aux file, require run of *latex.\n"; }
     foreach my $rule (keys %possible_primaries ) { 
         rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $texfile_name );
         rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $aux_main );
@@ -3681,18 +3969,11 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub make_preview_continuous {
-    local @changed = ();
-    local %changed_rules = ();
-    local @changed_user = ();
-    local @disappeared = ();
-    local @no_dest = ();       # Non-existent destination files
-    local @rules_never_run = ();
-    local @rules_to_apply = ();
 
     local $failure = 0;
-    local %rules_applied = ();
     local $updated = 0;
 
+    # ???!!!
     print "======= Need to update make_preview_continuous for target files\n";
     
     $quell_uptodate_msgs = 1;
@@ -3723,7 +4004,7 @@
                 );
     # Note that we don't get the previewer process number from the program
     # that starts it; that might only be a script to get things set up and the 
-    # actual previewer could be (and sometimes IS) another process.
+    # actual previewer could be (and sometimes **is**) another process.
 
     if ( ($view_file ne '') && (-e $view_file) && !$new_viewer_always ) {
         # Is a viewer already running?
@@ -3745,7 +4026,8 @@
     for (my $first_time = 1; 1; $first_time = 0 ) {
 
         my %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
-        
+
+        &init_timing1;
         $updated = 0;
         $failure = 0;
         $failure_msg = '';
@@ -3801,24 +4083,16 @@
                 $$Pneed_to_get_viewer_process = 1;
             } # end analyze result of trying to run viewer
         } # end start viewer
+
+        # Updated rule collection, and the set of rules whose source files
+        # the WAIT loop examines for changes:
+        &rdb_set_rule_net;
+        %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
+
         if ( $failure > 0 ) {
             if ( !$failure_msg ) {
                 $failure_msg = 'Failure to make the files correctly';
             }
-            &rdb_set_rule_net;
-            %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
-
-            # There will be files changed during the run that are irrelevant.
-            # We need to wait for the user to change the files.
-
-            # So set the GENERATED files from *latex as up-to-date:
-            rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], \&rdb_update_gen_files );
-            # And don't watch for changes for post_primary rules (ps and pdf 
-            # from dvi, etc haven't been run after an error in *latex, so
-            # are out-of-date by filetime criterion, but they should not be run
-            # until after another *latex run:
-            foreach (@post_primary) { delete $rules_to_watch{$_}; }
-
             $failure_msg =~ s/\s*$//;  #Remove trailing space
             warn "$My_name: $failure_msg\n",
     "    ==> You will need to change a source file before I do another run <==\n";
@@ -3825,6 +4099,27 @@
             if ($failure_cmd) {
                 Run_subst( $failure_cmd );
             }
+
+            # In the WAIT loop, we will test for changes in source files
+            # that trigger a remake. Special considerations after an error:
+            # 1. State of **user** source files for a rule is that before
+            #    the last run of the rule.  Any changes since trigger
+            #    rerun. 
+            # 2. .aux files etc may have changed during an error run of a
+            #    rule, but no further runs were made to get them
+            #    stabilized. So they can have changed since start of
+            #    run.  To avoid triggering an incorrect remake, rdb_make
+            #    has updated generated source files to their current state
+            #    after the whole make.  User changes (e.g., deletion of aux
+            #    file) are still able to trigger a remake.
+            # 3. Post_primary rules may not have been run (e.g., to make ps
+            #    and pdf from dvi).  Depending on the criterion for rerun,
+            #    they may be out-of-date by some criterion, but they should
+            #    not be run until after another *latex run.  Such rules
+            #    must be excluded from the rules whose source files the
+            #    WAIT loop scans for changes.
+            # Set this up as follows:
+            foreach (@post_primary) { delete $rules_to_watch{$_}; }
         }
         else {
             if ( ($#primary_warning_summary > -1) && $warning_cmd ) {
@@ -3839,7 +4134,6 @@
         }
         rdb_show_rule_errors();
         if ($rules_list) { rdb_list(); }
-        if ($show_time && ! $first_time) { show_timing(); }
         if ( $dependents_list && ($updated || $failure) ) {
             if ( open( my $deps_handle, ">$deps_file" ) ) {
                deps_list($deps_handle);
@@ -3849,10 +4143,10 @@
                warn "Cannot open '$deps_file' for output of dependency information\n";
            }
          }
+        if ($show_time) { &show_timing1; };
 
+        
         # Now wait for a file to change...
-        #        &rdb_cache_generated;
-        &rdb_set_rule_net;
         # During waiting for file changes, handle ctrl/C and ctrl/break here,
         #   rather than letting system handle them by terminating script (and
         #   code in the following command line to work: any script that calls
@@ -3867,16 +4161,18 @@
   WAIT: while (1) {
            sleep( $sleep_time );
            if ($have_break) { last WAIT; }
-           if ( rdb_user_changes(keys %rules_to_watch) ) { 
+           my %changes = ();
+           if ( rdb_remake_needed(\%changes, 1, keys %rules_to_watch) ) { 
                if (!$silent) {
-                   print "$My_name: Need to remake files.\n";
-                   &rdb_diagnose_changes( '  ' );
+                   print "\n$My_name: Need to remake files.\n";
+                   &rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "", 1 );
+                   print "\n";
                }
                last WAIT;
            }
            #  Don't count waiting time in processing:
            $processing_time1 = processing_time();
-        # Does this do this job????
+        # Does this do this job????!!!
            local $new_files = 0;
            rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], sub{ $new_files += &rdb_find_new_files } );
            if ($new_files > 0) {
@@ -4133,7 +4429,7 @@
   "  Latexmk_options:\n",
   "   -aux-directory=dir or -auxdir=dir \n",
   "                 - set name of directory for auxiliary files (aux, log)\n",
-  "                 - Currently this only works with MiKTeX\n",
+  "                 - See also the -emulate-aux-dir option\n",
   "   -bibtex       - use bibtex when needed (default)\n",
   "   -bibtex-      - never use bibtex\n",
   "   -bibtex-cond  - use bibtex when needed, but only if the bib file exists\n",
@@ -4164,11 +4460,16 @@
   "   -dF <filter> - Filter to apply to dvi file\n",
   "   -dir-report  - Before processing a tex file, report aux and out dir settings\n",
   "   -dir-report- - Before processing a tex file, do not report aux and out dir settings\n",
-  "   -dvi   - generate dvi\n",
-  "   -dvi-  - turn off required dvi\n",
+  "   -dvi    - generate dvi by latex\n",
+  "   -dvilua - generate dvi by dvilualatex\n",
+  "   -dvi-   - turn off required dvi\n",
+  "   -dvilualatex=<program> - set program used for dvilualatex.\n",
+  "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -e <code> - Execute specified Perl code (as part of latexmk start-up\n",
   "               code)\n",
   "   -emulate-aux-dir  - emulate -aux-directory option for *latex\n",
+  "              This enables the -aux-directory option to work properly with TeX\n",
+  "              Live as well as MiKTeX\n",      
   "   -emulate-aux-dir- - use -aux-directory option with *latex\n",
   "   -f     - force continued processing past errors\n",
   "   -f-    - turn off forced continuing processing past errors\n",
@@ -4218,19 +4519,19 @@
   "                  - if FORMAT is pdf, turn on pdf output, turn off others\n",
   "                  - otherwise error\n",    
   "   -pdf   - generate pdf by pdflatex\n",
-  "   -pdfdvi - generate pdf by dvipdf\n",
+  "   -pdfdvi - generate pdf by latex (or dvilualatex) + dvipdf\n",
+  "             -- see -dvilua for how to get dvilualatex used\n",    
   "   -pdflatex=<program> - set program used for pdflatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -pdflualatex=<program> - set program used for lualatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
-  "   -pdfps - generate pdf by ps2pdf\n",
+  "   -pdfps - generate pdf by latex (or dvilualatex) + dvips + ps2pdf\n",
+  "             -- see -dvilua for how to get dvilualatex used\n",    
   "   -pdflua - generate pdf by lualatex\n",
   "   -pdfxe - generate pdf by xelatex\n",
   "   -pdfxelatex=<program> - set program used for xelatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -pdf-  - turn off pdf\n",
-  "   -ps    - generate postscript\n",
-  "   -ps-   - turn off postscript\n",
   "   -pF <filter> - Filter to apply to postscript file\n",
   "   -p     - print document after generating postscript.\n",
   "            (Can also .dvi or .pdf files -- see documentation)\n",
@@ -4239,6 +4540,8 @@
   "   -print=dvi     - when file is to be printed, print the dvi file\n",
   "   -print=ps      - when file is to be printed, print the ps file (default)\n",
   "   -print=pdf     - when file is to be printed, print the pdf file\n",
+  "   -ps    - generate postscript\n",
+  "   -ps-   - turn off postscript\n",
   "   -pv    - preview document.  (Side effect turn off continuous preview)\n",
   "   -pv-   - turn off preview mode\n",
   "   -pvc   - preview document and continuously update.  (This also turns\n",
@@ -4279,6 +4582,8 @@
   "   -view=ps      - viewer is for ps\n",
   "   -view=pdf     - viewer is for pdf\n",
   "   -Werror   - treat warnings from called programs as errors\n",
+  "   -xdv      - generate xdv by xelatex\n",
+  "   -xdv-     - turn off required xdv\n",
   "   -xelatex      - use xelatex for processing files to pdf\n",
   "                   and turn dvi/ps modes off\n",
   "\n",
@@ -4303,6 +4608,7 @@
   print "Commands used by $my_name:\n",
        "   To run latex, I use \"$latex\"\n",
        "   To run pdflatex, I use \"$pdflatex\"\n",
+       "   To run dvilualatex, I use \"$dvilualatex\"\n",
        "   To run lualatex, I use \"$lualatex\"\n",
        "   To run xelatex, I use \"$xelatex\"\n",
        "   To run biber, I use \"$biber\"\n",
@@ -4359,6 +4665,9 @@
     #       10: only error is missing \citation commands.
     #       11: Malformed bcf file (normally due to error in pdflatex run)
     # Side effect: add source files @biber_source
+    # N.B. @biber_source is already initialized by caller to contain
+    #   whatever source files (currently .bcf) it already knows about.
+    #   So do **not** initialize it here.
     my $base = $_[0];
     my $Pbiber_source = $_[1];
     my $blg_name = "$base.blg";
@@ -4377,6 +4686,7 @@
     my $control_file_missing = 0;
     my $control_file_malformed = 0;
     my %remote = ();                # List of extensions of remote files
+    my @not_found = ();             # Files, normally .bib files, not found.
     while (<$blg_file>) {
         $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
         if (/> WARN /) { 
@@ -4389,12 +4699,12 @@
             if ( /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find file '([^']+)'/    #'
                  || /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find '([^']+)'/ ) {  #'
                 $not_found_count++;
-                push @$Pbiber_source, $2;
+                push @not_found, $2;
             }
             elsif ( /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find control file '([^']+)'/ ) {  #'
                 $not_found_count++;
                 $control_file_missing = 1;
-                push @$Pbiber_source, $2;
+                push @not_found, $2;
             }
             elsif ( /> ERROR - .*\.bcf is malformed/ ) {
                 #  Special treatment: Malformed .bcf file commonly results from error
@@ -4429,7 +4739,7 @@
                 # be misleading, since it will normally have been deleted by
                 # biber itself.
             }
-            elsif ( (defined $Pbiber_source) && (-e $file) ) {
+            elsif ( -e $file ) {
                 # Note that biber log file gives full path to file. (No search is
                 # needed to find it.)  The file must have existed when biber was
                 # run.  If it doesn't exist now, a few moments later, it must
@@ -4448,12 +4758,12 @@
         }
     }
     close $blg_file;
+    @$Pbiber_source = uniqs( @$Pbiber_source );
+    @not_found = uniqs( @not_found );
+    push @$Pbiber_source, @not_found;
+
     if ($control_file_malformed){return 11;} 
 
-    my @not_found = &find_file_list1( $Pbiber_source, $Pbiber_source,
-                                      '', \@BIBINPUTS );
-    @$Pbiber_source = uniqs( @$Pbiber_source );
-
     if ( ($#not_found < 0) && ($#$Pbiber_source >= 0) ) {
         print "$My_name: Found biber source file(s) [@$Pbiber_source]\n"
         unless $silent;
@@ -4511,20 +4821,16 @@
         # There is also another problem: Depending on the exact
         #   specification of the aux dir, bibtex may refuse to write to the
         #   aux dir, for security reasons.
-        my $cwd = good_cwd();
-        foreach ( 'BIBINPUTS', 'BSTINPUTS' ) {
-            if ( exists $ENV{$_} ) {
-                $ENV{$_} = $cwd.$search_path_separator.$ENV{$_};
-            }
-            else {
-                $ENV{$_} = $cwd.$search_path_separator;
-            }
-        }
+        #   This prevents changing the default $bibtex_fudge to off,
+        #   without breaking backward compatibility.  (???!!! Perhaps I
+        #   should change the default, and give a special message if the
+        #   security issue of not being able to write arises.)
+
+        path_fudge( 'BIBINPUTS', 'BSTINPUTS' );
         pushd( $path );
         if (!$silent) {
             print "$My_name: Change directory to '$path'.\n",
-                  "To assist finding of files in document\n",
-                  "directory, I set\n",
+                  "To assist finding of files in document directory, I set\n",
                   "  BIBINPUTS='$ENV{BIBINPUTS}'\n",
                   "  BSTINPUTS='$ENV{BSTINPUTS}'.\n";
         }
@@ -4764,8 +5070,10 @@
 #                reported by epstopdf et al.
 #      5 = Had a missing file line.  Now the file exists.
 #      6 = File was written during run.  (Overrides 5)
-#      7 = File was created during run to be read in.  (Overrides 5 and 6)
-#          (e.g., by epstopdf)
+#      7 = File was created during run to be read in, as a conversion
+#          from some other file (e.g., by epstopdf package).
+#          (Overrides 5 and 6)
+#      8 = File was rewritten during run to be read in.  (Overrides 5 and 6)
 # Treat the following specially, since they have special rules
 #   @bbl_files to list of .bbl files.
 #   %idx_files to map from .idx files to .ind files.
@@ -4791,9 +5099,9 @@
 # Input globals: $primary_out, $fls_file_analyzed
 #
 
-my ($log_name, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
+    my ($log_name, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
    
-# Give a quick way of looking up custom-dependency extensions
+    # Give a quick way of looking up custom-dependency extensions
     my %cusdep_from = ();
     my %cusdep_to = ();
     foreach ( @cus_dep_list ) {
@@ -4812,6 +5120,11 @@
     $bad_character = 0;
     $bad_citation = 0;
 
+    # ???!!! I don't know whether I will actually use these
+    our @multiply_defined_references = ();
+    our @undefined_citations = ();
+    our @undefined_references = ();
+
     print "$My_name: Examining '$log_name'\n"
         if not $silent;
 
@@ -4902,7 +5215,6 @@
             }
             # Block has ended.
             if ($block_type eq 'conversion') {
-#print "=== $delegated_source -> $delegated_output\n";
                  $new_conversions{$delegated_source} =  $delegated_output;
             }
             $current_pkg = $block_type 
@@ -4910,31 +5222,39 @@
             # Then process current line
         }
 
+        # ???!!! Use the extra items. 
         # Check for changed references, bad references and bad citations:
         if (/Rerun to get/) { 
             print "$My_name: References changed.\n" if ! $log_silent;
             $reference_changed = 1;
         } 
-        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+#        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference `([^']+)' on page .+ undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_references, $2;
             $bad_reference++;
         } 
-        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Label [^\001]* multiply defined.*)\./) {
+        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Label `([^']+)' multiply defined.*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @multiply_defined_references, $2;
             $mult_defined++;
         }
-        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Citation[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Citation `([^']+)' on page .* undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_citations, $2;
             $bad_citation++;
         }
         elsif (/^Package natbib Warning: (Citation[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_citations, $2;
             $bad_citation++;
         }
         elsif ( /^Missing character: There is no /
                 || /^! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character /
                 || /^! Bad character code /
+                || /^! LaTeX Error: Unicode character /
             ) {
+            push @warning_list, $_;
             $bad_character++;
         } 
         elsif ( /^Document Class: / ) {
@@ -5046,19 +5366,18 @@
 
             next LINE;
         }
-        elsif ( /^No file (.*?\.bbl)./ ) {
-            # Filename is always relative to aux_dir, given standard security
-            # settings in TeXLive.
-            my $bbl_file = normalize_force_directory( $aux_dir1, $1 );
-            warn "$My_name: Missing bbl file '$bbl_file' in following:\n $_\n";
-            $dependents{$bbl_file} = 0;
-            push @bbl_files, $bbl_file;
-            next LINE;
-        }
         foreach my $pattern (@file_not_found) {
             if ( /$pattern/ ) {
                 my $file = clean_filename($1);
-                warn "$My_name: Missing input file '$file' (or dependence on it) from following:\n  '$_'\n"
+                if ( $file =~ /\.bbl$/ ) {
+                    # Note that bbl's filename is always relative to aux_dir.
+                    my $bbl_file = normalize_force_directory( $aux_dir1, $file );
+                    warn "$My_name: Missing bbl file '$bbl_file' in following:\n $_\n";
+                    $dependents{$bbl_file} = 0;
+                    push @bbl_files, $bbl_file;
+                    next LINE;
+                }
+                warn "$My_name: Missing input file '$file' (or dependence on it) from following:\n  $_\n"
                     unless $silent;
                 $dependents{normalize_filename($file, @pwd_log)} = 0;
                 my $file1 = $file;
@@ -5078,6 +5397,13 @@
                 next LINE;
             }
         }
+        foreach my $pattern (@bad_warnings) {
+            if ( /$pattern/ ) {
+                $log_info{bad_warning} = 1;
+                warn "$My_name: Important warning:\n  $_\n"
+                    unless $silent;
+            }
+        }
         if ( (! $fls_file_analyzed)
              && /^File: (.+) Graphic file \(type / ) {
             # First line of message from includegraphics/x
@@ -5459,10 +5785,6 @@
     
     my ($file, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
 
-    # Essential to use byte semantics, since (pdf)latex & lualatex
-    # wrap by bytes, not characters
-    use bytes;
-
     # Where lines are wrapped at.  We'll sometimes override.
     local $log_wrap = $log_wrap;
 
@@ -5480,8 +5802,12 @@
     #                luatex: UTF-8 but with wrapping at APPROXIMATELY
     #                        $log_wrap bytes. Rest as pdftex
     #                xetex:  UTF-8 with wrapping at $log_wrap codepoints.
-    # So start reading file as bytes; first line gives which program,
-    # and for xetex we switch to reading file as UTF-8.
+    # So we read file as bytes
+    #   first line gives which program was used and hence whether to wrap
+    #     according to byte or codepoint count.
+    #   wrapping is always performed on the encoded byte strings, but the
+    #     place to wrap is determined according to the length in bytes or
+    #     in codepoints, as needed.
     print "$My_name: Getting log file '$file'\n";
     open( my $fh, '<', $file )
         or return 0;
@@ -5637,7 +5963,6 @@
 
     my $cwd = good_cwd();
     if ( ! open($fls_file, "<", $fls_name) ) {
-#    if ( ! open($fls_file, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", $fls_name) ) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -5650,6 +5975,9 @@
     my $pwd_subst = undef; # Initial string for pwd that is to be removed to
                            # make relative paths, when possible.  It must end
                            # in '/', if defined.
+    my $line_no = 0;
+    my $coding_errors = 0;
+    my $coding_errors_max_print = 2;
     for ( <$fls_file> ) {
         # Remove trailing CR and LF. Thus we get correct behavior when an fls file
         #  is produced by MS-Windows program (e.g., in MiKTeX) with CRLF line ends,
@@ -5658,13 +5986,37 @@
         # And convert '\'
         s/\r?\n$//;
         s[\\][/]g;
-        if (($^O eq 'MSWin32') && /PWD/ && is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
-            # TeXLive produces PWD in CS_system not UTF-8.
-            # ???? Later get tex_distribution before analyzing fls file, so do better test.
-            print "PWD line not in UTF-8\n";
-            # Assume in CS_system, no change needed.
+        $line_no++;
+        if ($no_CP_conversions) {
+            # Assume same byte representations for filenames in .fls file as
+            # for file system calls.  No conversions needed.
         }
-        else { $_ = utf8_to_mine($_); }
+        else {
+            # Deal with MS-Win issues when system CP isn't UTF-8
+            if ( ($^O eq 'MSWin32') && /PWD/ && ! is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
+                # TeXLive on MSWin produces PWD in CS_system not UTF-8.
+                # ???? Later get tex_distribution before analyzing fls file, so do better test.
+                print "PWD line not in UTF-8.  This is normal for TeXLive. I will handle it.\n";
+                # Assume in CS_system, no change needed.
+            }
+            elsif ( ! is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
+                $coding_errors++;
+                warn "$My_name: In '$fls_name' =====Line $line_no is not in expected UTF-8 coding:\n$_\n"
+                unless ($coding_errors > $coding_errors_max_print);
+            }
+            else {
+                my $orig = $_;
+                $_ = utf8_to_mine_errors($_);
+                if ($@) {
+                    $coding_errors++;
+                    if (!$silent) {
+                        warn "$@in conversion UTF-8 to system code page of line $line_no of $fls_name\n",
+                              "$orig\n"
+                        unless ($coding_errors > $coding_errors_max_print);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } # End of fudge on MS-Win code page.
         if (/^\s*PWD\s+(.*)$/) {
             my $cwd_fls = $1;
             $pwd_subst = $$Ppwd_latex = $cwd_fls;
@@ -5730,6 +6082,12 @@
         }
     }
     close( $fls_file );
+    if ($coding_errors) {
+        warn "$My_name.$fls_name.  There were $coding_errors line(s) with character coding\n",
+             "  errors: Characters not available in system code page and/or non-UTF-8 in\n",
+             "  file when expected. Dependency information may be incomplete.\n";
+        warn "The first few error lines are listed above\n";
+    }
     return 0;
 } #END parse_fls
 
@@ -5858,11 +6216,12 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub parse_aux {
-    #Usage: parse_aux( $aux_file, \@new_bib_files, \@new_aux_files, \@new_bst_files )
+    # Usage: parse_aux( $aux_file, \@new_bib_files, \@new_aux_files, \@new_bst_files )
     # Parse aux_file (recursively) for bib files, and bst files.  
     # If can't open aux file, then
     #    Return 0 and leave @new_bib_files empty
-    # Else set @new_bib_files from information in the aux files
+    # Else set @new_bib_files and @new_bst_files from information in the
+    #       aux files 
     #    And:
     #    Return 1 if no problems
     #    Return 2 with @new_bib_files empty if there are no \bibdata
@@ -5874,47 +6233,65 @@
     local $Pbib_files = $_[1];
     local $Paux_files = $_[2];
     local $Pbst_files = $_[3];
-   
+    # Default return values
     @$Pbib_files = ();
     @$Pbst_files = ();
     @$Paux_files = ();
 
+
+    # Map file specs (in \bibdata and \bibstyle lines) to actual filenames:
+    local %bib_files = ();
+    local %bst_files = ();
+      
+    # Flag bad \bibdata lines in aux files:
+    local @bad_bib_data = ( );
+    # This array contains the offending lines, with trailing space (and
+    # line terminator) removed.  (Currently detected problems: Arguments
+    # containing spaces, which bibtex refuses to accept.)
+
     parse_aux1( $aux_file );
     if ($#{$Paux_files} < 0) {
-       return 0;
+        # No aux files found/read.
+        return 0;
     }
-    @$Pbib_files = uniqs( @$Pbib_files );
-    @$Pbst_files = uniqs( @$Pbst_files );
+    my @not_found_bib = ();
+    my @not_found_bst = ();
+    find_files( \%bib_files, 'bib', 'bib', $Pbib_files, \@not_found_bib );
+    find_files( \%bst_files, 'bst', 'bst', $Pbst_files, \@not_found_bst );
+    # ???!!! Should only get one bst file, of course. 
 
-    if ( $#{$Pbib_files} == -1 ) {
-        print "$My_name: No .bib files listed in .aux file '$aux_file' \n",
+    if ( $#{$Pbib_files} + $#bad_bib_data  == -2 ) {
+        # 
+        print "$My_name: No .bib files listed in .aux file '$aux_file'\n";
         return 2;
     }
-    my @not_found = &find_file_list1( $Pbib_files, $Pbib_files,
-                                      '.bib', \@BIBINPUTS );
-    @$Pbib_files = uniqs( @$Pbib_files );
-    &find_file_list1( $Pbst_files, $Pbst_files, '.bst' );
-    @$Pbst_files = uniqs( @$Pbst_files );
-    my @bad_bib = ();
-    foreach ( @$Pbib_files ) {
-        if ( /\s/ ) { push @bad_bib, $_; }
+
+    show_array( "$My_name: Found bibliography file(s):", @$Pbib_files )
+        unless $silent;
+    if (@not_found_bib) {
+        show_array(
+            "Bib file(s) not found in search path:",
+            @not_found_bib );
     }
-    if ($#bad_bib >= 0)  {
-            warn "$My_name: White space in an argument list for \\bibliography.\n",
-                 "    which is not allowed by bibtex.  Bad arguments:\n";
-            foreach (@bad_bib ) { warn "    '$_'\n"; }
-            return 3;
+
+    if (@not_found_bst) {
+        show_array( "$My_name: Bst file not found in search path:", @not_found_bst);
     }
-    if ( $#not_found < 0) {
-        print "$My_name: Found bibliography file(s) [@$Pbib_files]\n"
-        unless $silent;
+    
+
+    if ($#bad_bib_data >= 0)  {
+        warn
+            "$My_name: White space in the argument for \\bibdata line(s) in an .aux file.\n",
+            "   This is caused by the combination of spaces in a \\bibliography line in\n",
+            "   a tex source file and the use of a pre-2018 version of *latex.\n",
+            "   The spaces will give a fatal error when bibtex is used.  Bad lines:\n";
+        foreach (@bad_bib_data ) { s/\s$//; warn "    '$_'\n"; }
+        return 3;
     }
-    else {
-        warn "$My_name: Failed to find one or more bibliography files:\n";
-        foreach (@not_found) { warn "    '$_'\n"; }
+    if (@not_found_bib) {
         if ($force_mode) {
-            warn "==== Force_mode is on, so I will continue.  ",
-                 "But there may be problems ===\n";
+            warn "$My_name: Failed to find one or more bibliography files in search path.\n";
+            warn "====BUT force_mode is on, so I will continue. There may be problems ===\n";
         }
         return 3;
     }
@@ -5921,6 +6298,8 @@
     return 1;
 } #END parse_aux
 
+
+
 #************************************************************
 
 sub parse_aux1
@@ -5942,24 +6321,43 @@
    push @$Paux_files, $aux_file;
 AUX_LINE:
    while (<$aux_fh>) {
-      $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
-      if ( /^\\bibdata\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\bibdata{comma_separated_list_of_bib_file_names}
-          # These are normally without the '.bib' extension.
-          push @$Pbib_files, split /,/, $1;
-      }
-      elsif ( /^\\bibstyle\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\bibstyle{bst_file_name}
-          # Normally without the '.bst' extension.
-          push @$Pbst_files, split /,/, $1;
-      }
-      elsif ( /^\\\@input\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\@input{next_aux_file_name}
-          &parse_aux1( $aux_dir1.$1 );
-      }
-      else {
-          run_hooks( 'aux_hooks' );
-      }
+       $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
+       s/\s$//;
+       if ( /^\\bibdata\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\bibdata{comma_separated_list_of_bib_file_names}
+           # This results from a \bibliography command in the document.
+           my $arg = $1;
+           if ($arg =~ /\s/) {
+               # Bibtex will choke when the argument to \bibdata contains
+               # spaces, so flag the error here.
+               # N.B. *latex in TeX Live 2018 and later removes spaces from
+               # the argument to \bibliography before placing it as the
+               # argument to \bibdata in an aux file, so this error only
+               # appears if a *latex from TeX Live 2017 or earlier is used.
+               # Current MiKTeX's *latex (2022) also removes the space.
+               push @bad_bib_data, $_;
+           }
+           else {
+               foreach ( split /,/, $arg ) {
+                   # bib files are always required to have an extension .bib,
+                   # so provide the extension:
+                   if ( ! /\.bib$/ ) { $_ .= '.bib'; }
+                   $bib_files{$_} = '';
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       elsif ( /^\\bibstyle\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\bibstyle{bst_file_name}
+           # Normally without the '.bst' extension.
+           $bst_files{$1} = '';
+       }
+       elsif ( /^\\\@input\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\@input{next_aux_file_name}
+           &parse_aux1( $aux_dir1.$1 );
+       }
+       else {
+           run_hooks( 'aux_hooks' );
+       }
    }
    close($aux_fh);
    return 1;
@@ -6108,10 +6506,6 @@
     #
     local ($in_name, $inhibit_output_switch) = @_;
 
-    # We'll have conversions between encodings, and pattern,
-    # so byte semantics will be safest.
-    use bytes;
-    
     my $in_handle;
     if ( ! -e $in_name ) {
         # Note: This is NOT an error condition, since the fdb_latexmk file
@@ -6130,9 +6524,11 @@
                       #  0: outside rule;
                       #  1: in source section;
                       #  2: in generated file section;
+                      #  3: in rewritten-before-read file section;
                       # 10: ignored rule.
     my $rule = '';
     local $run_time = 0;
+    local $last_result = -1;
     local $source = '';
     local $dest = '';
     my $base = '';
@@ -6152,7 +6548,7 @@
                 return 1;
             }
             if ( $1 ne $fdb_ver) {
-                warn "$My_name: File-database '$in_name' is of incompatible version, $1 v. $fdb_ver\n";
+                warn "$My_name: File-database '$in_name' is of incompatible version, $1 v. current version $fdb_ver\n";
                 return 1;
             }
             $state = 0;
@@ -6167,12 +6563,14 @@
             $run_time = $check_time = 0;
             $source = $dest = $base = '';
             $old_actives{$rule} = 1;
-            if ( $tail =~ /^\s*(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s*$/ ) {
+            $last_result = -1;
+            if ( $tail =~ /^\s*(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/ ) {
                 $run_time = $1;
                 $source = $2;
                 $dest = $3;
                 $base = $4;
                 $check_time = $5;
+                $last_result = $6;
             }
             else {
                 # Line is not in correct format
@@ -6184,7 +6582,9 @@
                 next LINE;
             }
             if ( rdb_rule_exists( $rule ) ) {
-                rdb_one_rule( $rule, \&rdb_read_set_rule );
+                # We need to set rule data from contents of fdb_latex file,
+                # but we'll do that later, so that it can be done for both
+                # existing and newly created rules.
             }
             elsif ($rule =~ /^cusdep\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.+)$/ ) {
                 # create custom dependency
@@ -6267,14 +6667,18 @@
                 $state = 10;
                 next LINE;
             }
+            if ( rdb_rule_exists( $rule ) ) {
+                rdb_one_rule( $rule, \&rdb_read_set_rule );
+            }
             $new_source = $new_sources{$rule} = {};
             $state = 1;  #Reading a section, source part
         }
-        elsif ( ($state <=0) || ($state >= 3) ) {
+        elsif ( ($state <=0) || ($state >= 4) ) {
             next LINE;
         }
         elsif ( /^\(source\)/ ) { $state = 1; next LINE; }
         elsif ( /^\(generated\)/ ) { $state = 2; next LINE; }
+        elsif ( /^\(rewritten before read\)/ ) { $state = 3; next LINE; }
         elsif ( ($state == 1) && /^\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"/ ) {
             # Source file line
             my $file = $1;
@@ -6304,6 +6708,10 @@
             my $file = $1;
             rdb_one_rule( $rule, sub{ rdb_add_generated($file); } );
         }
+        elsif ( ($state == 3) && /^\"([^\"]*)\"/ ) {
+            my $file = $1;
+            rdb_one_rule( $rule, sub{ rdb_add_rewritten_before_read($file); } );
+        }
         else {
             warn "$My_name: In file-database '$in_name' ",
                  "line $. is of wrong format:\n   '$_'\n";
@@ -6326,9 +6734,11 @@
     # Rule context assumed.  Implicit passing of $dest, $run_time, $check_time,
     # $in_name used as local variables in calling routine rdb_read.
     #
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { $$Ptest_kind = 1; }
+    $$Pno_history = 0;
     $$Prun_time = $run_time;
     $$Pcheck_time = $check_time;
+    $$Plast_result = $last_result;
+    
     # Deal with possibility that destination file in fdb_latexmk from
     # run differs from what is currently set. Often that just reflects a
     # difference between the end result of the last run and what the user
@@ -6389,8 +6799,6 @@
     # Returns 1 on success, 0 if file couldn't be opened.
     local $out_name = $_[0];
 
-    use bytes;
-    
     local $out_handle;
     if ( ($out_name eq "") || ($out_name eq "-") ) {
         # Open STDOUT
@@ -6417,16 +6825,20 @@
            { 
                return;
            }
-           fprint8( $out_handle, "[\"$rule\"] $$Prun_time \"$$Psource\" \"$$Pdest\" \"$$Pbase\" $$Pcheck_time\n" );
+           fprint8( $out_handle, "[\"$rule\"] $$Prun_time \"$$Psource\" \"$$Pdest\" \"$$Pbase\" $$Pcheck_time $$Plast_result\n" );
            rdb_do_files(
                sub { my $from_rule = $from_rules{$file} || '';
                      fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$file\" $$Ptime $$Psize $$Pmd5 \"$from_rule\"\n" );
                }
-           );
+           );           
            fprint8( $out_handle, "  (generated)\n" );
            foreach (sort keys %$PHdest) {
                fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$_\"\n" );
            }
+           fprint8( $out_handle, "  (rewritten before read)\n" );
+           foreach (sort keys %$PHrewritten_before_read) {
+               fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$_\"\n" );
+           }
        }
     );
     close $out_handle;
@@ -6442,6 +6854,7 @@
     # Set its dependents etc, using information from log, aux, and fls files.
     # Use fls file only if $recorder is set, and the fls file was generated
     # on this run.
+    # Return: 
 
     # N.B.  A complication which we try and handle in determining
     #   dependent files is that there may be aliasing of file names,
@@ -6563,7 +6976,7 @@
     local %source_fls = ();    # Lists source files found in fls file
     local %first_read_after_write = (); # Lists source files that are only read
                                   # after being written (so are not true
-                                  # source files.
+                                  # source files).
     local $primary_out = $$Pdest;  # output file (dvi or pdf)
     local %conversions = ();   # *latex-performed conversions.
                      # Maps output file created and read by *latex
@@ -6872,11 +7285,9 @@
             if ($diagnostics);
         if ( exists $first_read_after_write{$new_source} ) {
             if ( dep_at_start($new_source) ) {
-                #print "--- READ ONLY AFTER WRITE OF '$new_source'\n";
-                $dependents{$new_source} = 7;
+                $dependents{$new_source} = 8;
             }
             else {
-                #print "--- READ ONLY AFTER CREATE OF '$new_source'\n";
                 $dependents{$new_source} = 6;
             }
         }
@@ -6897,6 +7308,7 @@
         }
         elsif ( $dependents{$new_source} == 7 )  {
             # File was result of conversion by *latex.
+            # start of run.  S
             my $cnv_source = $conversions{$new_source};
             rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $new_source );
 #            if ($cnv_source && ($cnv_source !~ /\"/ ) ) {
@@ -6910,6 +7322,14 @@
             #    do not require a rerun:
             rdb_one_file( $new_source, sub{ $$Pcorrect_after_primary = 1; } );
         }
+        elsif ( $dependents{$new_source} == 8 )  {
+            print "=================  REWRITE '$new_source'\n";
+            # File was read only after being written
+            # and the file existed at the beginning of the run
+            rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $new_source );
+            rdb_add_generated( $new_source );
+            rdb_add_rewritten_before_read( $new_source );
+        }
         else {
             # But we don't need special precautions for ordinary user files 
             #    (or for files that are generated outside of latex/pdflatex). 
@@ -6957,7 +7377,7 @@
         }
     }
     my @files_not_needed = ();
-    foreach (keys %$PHsource) { 
+    foreach (keys %$PHsource) {
         if ( ! exists $dependents{$_} ) {
             print "Removing no-longer-needed dependent '$_' from rule '$rule'\n"
               if $diagnostics;
@@ -6966,7 +7386,8 @@
     }
     rdb_remove_files( $rule, @files_not_needed );
 
-    return ($missing_dirs, [@missing_subdirs] );
+    return ($missing_dirs, [@missing_subdirs],
+            ( $log_info{bad_warning} ? 1 : 0 ) );
 
 } # END rdb_set_latex_deps
 
@@ -6976,7 +7397,9 @@
     # Usage: switch_output( primary_rule, actual_ext, intended_ext )
     # Rearrange rules to deal with changed extension of output file of
     # the specified primary rule (one of *latex).
-    # Return 0 on success, non-zero error code on failure
+    # The switching only works if no request was made for dvi, ps or xdv
+    # files, but only if the requested file was pdf.
+    # Return 0 on success, non-zero error code on failure.
 
     my ( $rule, $actual_ext, $intended_ext ) = @_;
     if ( $actual_ext eq $intended_ext ) { return 0; }
@@ -6987,6 +7410,12 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+    # Turn off all pdf producers and all primaries (pdf producing or not).
+    # Then reactivate what we need: current rule and whatever else is needed
+    # to produce a pdf file.
+    # Given that we get here if the rule is not producing the intended kind
+    # of output file, it's best to turn off all primaries, so as to make the
+    # primary in use unambiguous.
     rdb_deactivate_derequest( 'dvipdf', 'pspdf', 'xdvipdfmx', keys %possible_primaries );
     
     rdb_activate_request( $rule );
@@ -7178,7 +7607,7 @@
     }
     if ( exists $ENV{TEXINPUTS} ) {
         foreach my $searchpath (split $search_path_separator, $ENV{TEXINPUTS}) {
-            my $file = File::Spec->catfile($searchpath,$_[0]);
+            my $file = catfile($searchpath,$_[0]);
             my $test = "$file.$_[1]";
             if ( -e $test ) {
                 return $file;
@@ -7298,7 +7727,8 @@
                  my $new_dest = "$file.$try_ext";
                  &Run_subst( "$make $quote$new_dest$quote" );
                  if ( -e $new_dest ) {
-                     print "SUCCESS in making '$new_dest'\n";
+                     print "SUCCESS in making '$new_dest'\n",
+                          "I'll ensure '$rule' is rerun.\n";
                      # Put file in rule, without a from_rule, but
                      # set its state as non-existent, to correspond
                      # to file's state before the file was made
@@ -7352,23 +7782,21 @@
     if ($pdf_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.pdf';}
     if ($dvi_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.dvi';}
     if ($postscript_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.ps';}
+
     my %source = ( $texfile_name => 1 );
-    my @generated = ();
     my @accessible_all = &rdb_accessible;
     rdb_for_some(
         \@accessible_all,
-        sub{ push @generated, keys %$PHdest; },
+        sub{},
         sub{ $source{$file} = 1; }
     );
-    foreach (keys %generated_exts) {
-        (my $name = /%R/ ? $_ : "%R.$_") =~ s/%R/${aux_dir1}${root_filename}/;
-        push @generated, $name;
-    }
-    show_array( "Generated:", @generated )  if $diagnostics;
-    foreach (@generated) {
+    foreach (keys %from_rules) {
+        # Remove known generated files from list of source files.
         delete $source{$_};
     }
-    show_array( "Sources:", keys %source ) if $diagnostics;
+
+    show_array( "Sources:", sort keys %source ) if $diagnostics;
+
     foreach my $ext (@dest_exts) {
          # Don't insert name of deps file in targets.
          # The previous behavior of inserting the name of the deps file
@@ -7412,7 +7840,7 @@
              foreach (@int_cmd) {
                  if ( !defined($_) ) { $_='undef';}
              }
-             print "  [$rule]: '$$Pcmd_type' '$$Pext_cmd' '@int_cmd' $$Ptest_kind ",
+             print "  [$rule]: '$$Pcmd_type' '$$Pext_cmd' '@int_cmd' $$Pno_history ",
                    "'$$Psource' '$$Pdest' '$$Pbase' $$Pout_of_date $$Pout_of_date_user\n"; },
         sub{ print "    '$file': $$Ptime $$Psize $$Pmd5 '", ($from_rules{$file} || ''), "'\n"; }
     );
@@ -7487,10 +7915,15 @@
     # a typical postscript file), or for a non-trivial reason (e.g., a
     # stochastic algorithm, as in abcm2ps).   
     #
-    # This caused me some actual trouble.  In general, circular
-    # dependencies produce non-termination, and the the following
-    # situation is an example of a generic situation where certain
-    # rules must be obeyed in order to obtain proper results:
+    # This caused me some actual trouble in certain cases, with circular
+    # dependencies causing non-termination when the standard
+    # stability-of-source-file algorithm is applied, together with
+    # non-optimality if the depedence isn't actually circular: e.g., from a
+    # rerun of X-to-pdf cusdep, where the pdf file is unchanged from
+    # previous one aside from a time of generation comment.  The following
+    # situation is an example of a generic situation where a change from
+    # the standard stability-of-input-files criterion must be modified in
+    # order to obtain proper results: 
     #    1.  A/the latex source file contains specifications for
     #        certain postprocessing operations.  Standard *latex 
     #        already has this, for indexing and bibliography.
@@ -7499,11 +7932,11 @@
     #        in external source files not directly input to
     #        *latex.  But in the original version, there was a
     #        style file (abc.sty) that caused latex itself to call
-    #        abcm2ps to make .eps files for each tune that were to be
-    #        read in on the next run of latex. 
+    #        abcm2ps **un**conditionally to make .eps files for each tune
+    #        that was to be read in on the next run of latex.
     #    3.  Thus the specification can cause a non-terminating loop
     #        for latexmk, because the output files of abcm2ps changed
-    #        even with identical input.  
+    #        on every run, even with identical input.  
     #    4.  The solution was to 
     #        a. Use a style file abc_get.sty that simply wrote the
     #           specification on the tunes to the .aux file in a
@@ -7518,106 +7951,190 @@
     #           changes.
     #        This solves the problem.  Latexmk works.  Also, it is no
     #        longer necessary to enable write18 in latex, and multiple
-    #        unnecessary runs of abcm2ps are no longer used. 
+    #        unnecessary runs of abcm2ps are no longer used.
+
+    #        [**N.B.** Other sty files have similar problems, of
+    #        unconditional write18s to make eps, pdf or other files. That's
+    #        always non-optimal, often highly so --- see at least one of
+    #        the example_latexmkrc files for real cases. But work is needed
+    #        on the package to do better, which has been done in some
+    #        packages. It is also possible to do better with a suitable
+    #        configuration of latexmk with write18 turned off. E,g,,
+    #        perhaps a cusdep, or a fancy used of a subroutine for *latex
+    #        --- see the example_latexmkrc files for examples.]
     #
-    # The order of testing and applying rules is chosen by the
-    # following heuristics: 
-    #    1.  Both latex and pdflatex may be used, but the resulting
-    #        aux files etc may not be completely identical.  Define
-    #        latex and pdflatex as primary rules.  Apply the general
-    #        method of repeated circulating through all rules until
-    #        the source files are stable for each primary rule
-    #        separately.  Naturally the rules are all accessible
-    #        rules, but excluding primary rules except for the current
-    #        primary.
-    #    2.  Assume that the primary rules are relatively
-    #        time-consuming, so that unnecessary passes through them
-    #        to check stability of the source files should be avoided.
-    #    3.  Assume that although circular dependencies exist, the
-    #        rules can nevertheless be thought of as basically
-    #        non-circular, and that many rules are strictly or
-    #        normally non-circular.  In particular cusdep rules are
-    #        typically non-circular (e.g., fig2eps), as are normal
-    #        output processing rules like dvi2ps.  
-    #    4.  The order for the non-circular approximation is
-    #        determined by applying the assumption that an output file
-    #        from one rule that is read in for an earlier stage is
-    #        unchanged. 
-    #    HOWEVER, at a first attempt, the ordering is not needed.  It
-    #    only gives an optimization
-    #    5.  (Note that these assumptions could be violated, e.g., if
-    #        $dvips is arranged not only to do the basic dvips
-    #        command, but also to extract information from the ps file
-    #        and feed it back to an input file for *latex.)
-    #    6.  Nevertheless, the overall algorithm should allow
-    #        circularities.  Then the general criterion of stability
-    #        of source files covers the general case, and also
-    #        robustly handles the case that the USER changes source
-    #        files during a run.  This is particularly important in
-    #        -pvc mode, given that a full make on a large document can
-    #        be quite lengthy in time, and moreover that a user
-    #        naturally wishes to make corrections in response to
-    #        errors, particularly latex errors, and have them apply
-    #        right away.
+    # The method used is conditioned on:
+    #    1.  The network of active rules is constructed, with dependencies
+    #        linking the rules.  The network may change during the
+    #        make. Notably, dependency information can be discovered from
+    #        the results of runs of rules, especially *latex. This involves
+    #        addition (and deletion) of items in the source-file list of a
+    #        rule. It also involves addition (or deletion) of rule-nodes
+    #        for e.g., cusdeps, bibtex, makeindex.  Bigger changes
+    #        sometimes occur --- e.g., when a .tex document chooses a
+    #        kind of output file from the expected one: e.g., pdf to dvi or
+    #        vice versa.
+    #    2.  The *latex rules are called primary rules, and are the core
+    #        source of dependency information (as ultimately determined by
+    #        the .tex file(s). Only one primary rule is active.  That was
+    #        enforced by initialization.
+    #    3.  There are generally loops of dependencies.  The overall aim is
+    #        to keep looping through rules until the content of the source
+    #        files for each rule is unchanged from the previous run.  Given
+    #        the basic assumption that it is the content of these files
+    #        that determines the output, stability of input files gives
+    #        stability of output.
+    #    4.  During the loop, the main criterion for running a rule is
+    #        that the current contents of the source files are changed
+    #        compared with the state saved in the rule.  This is
+    #        supplemented by the condition that a rule not previously run
+    #        (under latexmk control) is to be run unconditionally.
+    #    5.  In addition, there are specified dependencies not going via a
+    #        set of files not known to latexmk as source files of the
+    #        target rule.  The primary examples are dvips, dvipdf, etc,
+    #        which use graphics files; these are specified to have a dvi
+    #        producing fule (e.g., latex) as a source rule.  Such a rule is
+    #        to be run after the source rule has been run.
+    #    6.  There are special cases, coded in rdb_rerun_needed and
+    #        rdb_file_change1. 
+    #    7.  Immediately before running a rule, the saved state of its
+    #        source files is updated to their current state.  If there is
+    #        no error in the run, the source-file-state is **not** updated
+    #        after the rule is run.  Then on a subsequent pass through
+    #        rdb_make's main loop, when the rule is tested for a rerun, any
+    #        change in source file contents is cause for running the rule
+    #        again.
+    #    8.  But after a run giving an error, the state of the generated
+    #        files (i.e., non-user files) is updated to the current state.
+    #        This is because the error (under normal circumstances) must be
+    #        corrected by user action: e.g., correcting a source file, and
+    #        possibly deleting some corrupted auxiliary file.  Files (e.g.,
+    #        .aux by *latex) generated by the rule just run may well have
+    #        changed, so updating their state to the current state prevents
+    #        another run before a user change.  If a file was generated by
+    #        another rule, it won't have changed its state, so updating its
+    #        state won't matter.  But a non-generated file is a
+    #        user-created file, and a rerun is entailed if its contents
+    #        changed compared with the start of the run; it's the
+    #        start-of-run contents that were used in the error run.
+    #    9.  Note: an error may be caused by a problem with a file
+    #        generated by another rule, e.g., a bbl file created by bibtex
+    #        and read by *latex, but with no error reported by bibtex.  To
+    #        correct the error a source file (possibly more than once
+    #        removed must be changed).  That triggers a rerun of the
+    #        producing rule, and after that the resulting change causes a
+    #        rerun of the original rule that had the error.  E.g.,
+    #        correcting a .bib file causes bibtex to run, producing a
+    #        corrected .bbl file, after which *latex is caused to be run.
+    #    10. With circular dependencies, there is a choice of which order
+    #        to examine the rules.  Generally, primary rules are more 
+    #        time-consuming than most others, so the choice of the order of
+    #        examination of rules to check out-of-dateness is to try to
+    #        minimize the number of primary runs.  The other time-consuming
+    #        rules are things like xdvipdfmx in documents with much
+    #        graphics. These are normally outside a dependency loop, so
+    #        those are left to last.  Even if they are inside a dependency
+    #        loop, they need the primary rule to have been run first.
+    #    11. After rdb_make is run, all non-user source files are updated
+    #        to their current state.  Rules are considered up-to-date
+    #        here. On a subsequent call to rdb_make, subsequent changes are
+    #        relevant to what is to be done.  Note: the states of user
+    #        files aren't updated.  This guards against user caused changes
+    #        that are made between the start of the run of a rule and the
+    #        end of rdb_make.
+    #
+    #        [Comment: Possible scenario for dvips, xdvipdfmx etc in loop:
+    #        Document is documentation for viewer. At some page, the result
+    #        in the viewer is to be displayed, with the display in the
+    #        viewer being a neighboring page of the document, so the
+    #        relevant page is extracted from the pdf file (or ...), and
+    #        then processed into a graphics file to be included in the
+    #        document.] 
+    #
     # This leads to the following approach:
     #    1.  Classify accessible rules as: primary, pre-primary
     #        (typically cusdep, bibtex, makeindex, etc), post-primary
-    #        (typically dvips, etc), and one-time
-    #    2.  Then stratify the rules into an order of application that
-    #        corresponds to the basic feedforward structure, with the
-    #        exclusion of one-time rules.
-    #    3.  Always require that one-time rules are among the
-    #        explicitly requested rules, i.e., the last to be applied,
-    #        were we to apply them.  Anything else would not match the
-    #        idea of a one-time rule.  
-    #    4.  Then work as follows:
-    #        a. Loop over primaries
-    #        b. For each primary, examine each pre-primary rule and
-    #           apply if needed, then the primary rule and then each
-    #           post-primary rule.  The ordering of the pre-primary
-    #           and post-primary rules was found in step 2.
-    #      BUT applying the ordering is not essential
-    #        c. Any time that a pre-primary or primary rule is
-    #           applied, loop back to the beginning of step b.  This
-    #           ensures that bibtex etc are applied before rerunning
-    #           *latex, and also covers changing source files, and
-    #           gives priority to quick pre-primary rules for changing
-    #           source files against slow reruns of latex.
-    #        d. Then apply post-primary rules in order, but not
-    #           looping back after each rule.  This non-looping back
-    #           is because the rules are normally feed-forward only.
-    #      BUT applying the ordering is not essential
-    #        e. But after completing post-primary rules do loop back
-    #           to b if any rules were applied.  This covers exotic
-    #           circular dependence (and as a byproduct, changing
-    #           source files).
-    #        f. On each case of looping back to b, re-evaluate the
-    #           dependence setup to allow for the effect of changing
-    #           source files.  
-    #    
+    #        (typically dvips, etc), and one-time.
+    #        This step is the start of rdb_make's main "PASS" loop.
+    #    2.  Go over the pre-primaries, the primary and the
+    #        post-primaries. Examine each rule for out-of-dateness; if 
+    #        out-of-date run it.
+    #    3.  Just before a run of a rule, update its source file state to
+    #        the current state of the files.
+    #    4.  After the rule is run, at least after a primary rule is run,
+    #        examine the dependency information available (.fls, .log, .aux
+    #        files) and updated the rule configuration. This can involve
+    #        radical changes in the rule network: E.g., a newly found use
+    #        of bibtex or makeindex, or even more radical rearrangements,
+    #        if for example (under document control) *latex produces a .dvi
+    #        file instead of an expected .pdf file.
+    #    5.  If in any pass through the loop one (or more) of the
+    #        pre-primary and primary rules is run, don't go on to examine
+    #        the post-primaries. Not only are these are sometimes
+    #        time-consuming and are almost always outside the dependency
+    #        loops involving the primary, but, most importantly, dealing
+    #        with the dependency information from a primary rule can change
+    #        the rule network a lot.
+    #        Instead go back to step 1.
+    #    6.  Once visiting the pre-primaries and primaries no longer
+    #        triggers any run, i.e., those rules are all stable, go on to
+    #        the post-primaries.
+    #    7.  If one or more of the post-primaries has been run, go back to
+    #        1. This allows for the possibility that a post-primary rule is
+    #        part of a dependency loop.  This is highly unusual for a
+    #        normal document, but not impossible in principle.  See earlier
+    #        for a conceivable example.
+    #    10. Thus we finish the looping when no further run has been
+    #        triggered by an examination of all of the pre-primary,
+    #        primary, post-primary rules.
+    #    11. In addition, the loop is terminated if the number of
+    #        applications of a rule exceeds a configured maximum. This
+    #        guards agains the possibility that it may never be possible to
+    #        get stable output, i.e., there is an infinite loop.  It is
+    #        impossible for an algorithm to determine in general whether
+    #        there is an infinite loop.  (An example of the Turing halting
+    #        theorem.) But normal documents need a decidable modest number
+    #        of passes through the loop.  Any exceeding of the limit on the
+    #        number of passes needs examination. 
+    #    12. Finally apply one-time rules.  These are rules that by their
+    #        nature are both outside of any dependency a loop and are ones
+    #        that should be applied last.  Standard ones including running
+    #        a viewer or causing it to be updated.  The standard ones are
+    #        not actually in the class of rules that rdb_make runs. Instead
+    #        they are run by the calling routines, since the needs may be
+    #        quite special.
 
-    # ??? Overkill?
+    # ???!!! Overkill?
     &rdb_set_rule_net;
 
-    local %pass = ();
+    local %pass = ();     # Counts runs on each rule: Used for testing for
+                          # exceeding maximum runs and for determining
+                          # whether to run rules that have a list of source
+                          # rules. (E.g., dvips, which is to be run
+                          # whenever latex has been run to make a dvi
+                          # file. This because the list of source files of
+                          # dvips misses all graphics files, and so the
+                          # source file method is insufficient for deciding
+                          # on a rerun.)
+    rdb_for_some( [keys %rule_db],
+                 sub{ $pass{$rule} = 0; 
+                      foreach (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
+                          $$PHsource_rules{$_} = 0;
+                      }
+                  }
+        );
+
     local $failure = 0;        # General accumulated error flag
     local $missing_dvi_pdf = ''; # Did primary run fail to make its output file?
     local $runs = 0;
     local $runs_total = 0;
     local $too_many_passes = 0;
-    local %rules_applied = ();
     local $switched_primary_output = 0;
     local @warning_list = ();  # Undef refs etc reported in last primary run
     my $retry_msg = 0;         # Did I earlier say I was going to attempt 
                                # another pass after a failure?
-    rdb_for_some ( [keys %rule_db],
-                   sub{ $pass{$rule} = 0; 
-                        foreach (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
-                            $$PHsource_rules{$_} = 0;
-                        }
-                   }
-                 );
-    PASS:
+    my %changes = ();  # For reporting of changes
+  PASS:
     while (1==1) {
         # Exit condition at end of body of loop.
         $runs = 0;
@@ -7658,6 +8175,12 @@
                       "make new source files\n";
                 next PASS;
             }
+            elsif ( rdb_user_changes( \%changes, @pre_primary, $current_primary )) {
+                print "$My_name: Some rule(s) failed, but user file(s) changed ",
+                    "so keep trying\n";
+                rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "", 1 ) if (!$silent);
+                next PASS;
+            }
             else { last PASS; }
         }
         if ($runs == 0) {
@@ -7665,7 +8188,7 @@
             $failure = $previous_failure;
             if ($retry_msg) {
                 print "But in fact no new files made\n";
-                }
+            }
             if ($failure && !$force_mode ) { last PASS; }
         }
         if ( $missing_dvi_pdf ) { 
@@ -7694,9 +8217,62 @@
 
     rdb_for_some( [@unusual_one_time], \&rdb_make1 );
 
-    if ($runs_total > 0) { rdb_write( $fdb_name ); }
+    #---------------------------------------
+    # All of make done. Finish book-keeping:
+    # 1. Update state of source files suitably.
+    # 2. Update fdb_latexmk file, if needed.
+    # 3. Diagnostics.
+    # 4. Other book-keeping and clean up.
+
+    ############ Update state of source files.  Complications:
+    # **Either** success.  Then the algorithms arrange that the contents of
+    #       source files have stabilized between start and end of run of rule,
+    #       so that output files have also stabilized.
+    # **or** failure. Then processing is normally aborted, so source files
+    #       that are generated may not have stabilized, e.g., .aux file.
+    # At the next round of compilation (or test for a need for a rerun, as in
+    # make_preview_continuous), the criterion for a rerun of a rule is that
+    # source file(s) have changed relative to the saved state.
+    # At this point the saved file state for each rule is the state just
+    # before its last run.  After a successful make, that gives correct
+    # behavior, including for user files (i.e., non-generated files). But
+    # not always after a failure.
+    #
+    # **So at this point we set state of generated source files to current
+    # state.**
+    #
+    # Normally there are no further changes in generated files, so they
+    # won't trigger reruns, only changes in user files will do that.
+    # That's correct behavior.
+    # But occasionally generated files have errors that block further
+    # processing, as is known for .aux and .bbl files. Then user can
+    # delete .aux and .bbl and thereby trigger a rerun.  It also optimizes
+    # testing for changes, since, e.g., an .aux file of the same content but
+    # a different time than the current file will have its md5 signature
+    # recomputed during a check for a rerun.  But when both time and size
+    # are unchanged, the test is optimized by assuming no change, and it
+    # doesn't do the md5 calculation.
+    #
+    # **However**, we will not update the state of the user files (i.e.,
+    # the non-generated files).  This is because when the user notices an
+    # error during a run, they may correct the error in a .tex file say,
+    # but both too late to trigger a *latex and too early to be a post-make
+    # changed. Then it is correct to compare the current state of a user
+    # source file with its state just before the last run.
+    #
+    # In addition, we only update the file state for active rules, i.e.,
+    # those that the current use of make is supposed to have made
+    # up-to-date.
+    # Only do file-state update if something was run, otherwise it's work
+    # for nothing.
+    
+    if ($runs_total > 0) {
+        rdb_for_some( [rdb_accessible()], \&rdb_update_gen_files );
+        rdb_write( $fdb_name );
+    }
     else { print "$My_name: Nothing to do for '$texfile_name'.\n"; }
 
+    # Diagnostics
     if ($#primary_warning_summary > -1) {
         # N.B. $mult_defined, $bad_reference, $bad_character, $bad_citation also available here.
         show_array( "$My_name: Summary of warnings from last run of *latex:", 
@@ -7728,13 +8304,21 @@
             print "$My_name: All targets (@dests) are up-to-date\n";
         }
     }
-    rdb_for_some ( [keys %rule_db],
+
+    # ???!!! Rethink use of %pass, and it's scoping.
+    # Currently %pass is local in rdb_make and is used only to determine
+    # whether a rule needs to be run because a source rule has been run,
+    # and this would be within the same call to rdb_make.
+    # OLD COMMENT: Update source_rules.  Is this too late?  I don't think so, it's
+    # internal to make and to multiple calls to it (pvc).  Is this
+    # necessary?
+    rdb_for_some( [keys %rule_db],
                    sub{ 
                         foreach my $s_rule (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
                             $$PHsource_rules{$s_rule} = $pass{$s_rule};
                         }
                    }
-                );
+        );
     return $failure;
 } #END rdb_make
 
@@ -7776,6 +8360,7 @@
 #-------------------
 
 sub rdb_make1 {
+    # ???!!! Rethink how $$Pout_of_date is reset at end.
     # Call: rdb_make1
     # Helper routine for rdb_make.
     # Carries out make at level of given rule (all data available).
@@ -7782,10 +8367,17 @@
     # Assumes contexts for recursion, make, and rule, and
     # assumes that source files for the rule are to be considered
     # up-to-date.
+    our $rule;
     if ($diagnostics) { print "  Make for rule '$rule'\n"; }
+    # Is this needed?  Yes; rdb_make1 is called on a sequence of rules and
+    # if one gives an error, then it provides source files directly or
+    # indirectly to later rules, which should not be run.
     if ($failure & ! $force_mode) {return;}
-    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; } 
 
+    # Rule may have been created since last run.  Just in case we didn't,
+    # define $pass{$rule} elsewhere, do it here:
+    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; }
+
     # Special fix up for bibtex:
     my $bibtex_not_run = -1;   # Flags status as to whether this is a
         # bibtex rule and if it is, whether out-of-date condition is to
@@ -7801,81 +8393,41 @@
         if ($bibtex_use == 0) {
            $bibtex_not_run = 2;
         }
-        elsif ( ($bibtex_use == 1) || ($bibtex_use == 1.5) ) {
-            foreach ( keys %$PHsource ) {
-                if ( ( /\.bib$/ ) && (! -e $_) ) {
-                    push @missing_bib_files, $_;
-                    $bibtex_not_run = 1;
+        else {
+            if ( $rule =~ /^biber/ ) {
+                warn "$My_name: ???!!!==== Using biber OMITTING TEST on missing bib files\n";
+            }
+            elsif ( ($bibtex_use == 1) || ($bibtex_use == 1.5) ) {
+                foreach ( keys %$PHsource ) {
+                    if ( ( /\.bib$/ ) && (! -e $_) ) {
+                        push @missing_bib_files, $_;
+                        $bibtex_not_run = 1;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if ( ($$Prun_time == 0) && exists($possible_primaries{$rule}) ) {
-        push @rules_never_run, $rule;
-        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        $$Plast_result = -1;
+    if ( ! rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes, 0) ) { return; }
+
+    # Set this in case of early exit:
+    # ???!!! Check I am setting $missing_dvi_pdf correctly.
+    if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest)  && ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) ) {
+        $missing_dvi_pdf = $$Pdest;
     }
-    else {
-        if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest) ) {
-            # With a non-existent destination, if we haven't made any passes
-            #   through a rule, rerunning the rule is good, because the file
-            #   may fail to exist because of being deleted by the user (for ex.)
-            #   rather than because of a failure on a previous run. 
-            # (We could do better with a flag in fdb file.)
-            # But after the first pass, the situation is different.  
-            #   For a primary rule *latex, the lack of a destination file 
-            #      could result from there being zero content due to a missing
-            #      essential input file.  The input file could be generated 
-            #      by a program to be run later (e.g., a cusdep or bibtex), 
-            #      so we should wait until all passes are completed before 
-            #      deciding a non-existent destination file is an error.
-            #   For a custom dependency, the rule may be obsolete, and
-            #      if the source file does not exist also, we should simply
-            #      not run the rule, but not set an error condition.
-            #      Any error will arise at the *latex level due to a 
-            #      missing source file at that level.
-            if ( $$Psource && (! -e $$Psource)
-                 && ( $$Pcmd_type ne 'primary' )
-               ) {
-                # Main source file doesn't exist, and rule is NOT primary.
-                # No action, since a run is pointless.  Primary is different:
-                # file might be found elsewhere (by kpsearch from *latex),
-                # while non-existence of main source file is a clear error.
-            }
-            elsif ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'delegated' ) {
-                # Delegate to destination rule
-            }
-            elsif ( $pass{$rule}==0) {
-                push @no_dest, $$Pdest;
-                $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-            }
-            if ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) {
-                $missing_dvi_pdf = $$Pdest;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
-    &rdb_clear_change_record;
-    &rdb_flag_changes_here(0);
-
-    if (!$$Pout_of_date) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if ($diagnostics) { print "     remake\n"; }
     if (!$silent) { 
-        print "$My_name: applying rule '$rule'...\n"; 
-        &rdb_diagnose_changes( "Rule '$rule': " );
+        print "$My_name: applying rule '$rule'...\n";
+        &rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "Rule '$rule': ", 0 );
     }
 
-    # We are applying the rule, so its source file state for when it
-    # was last made is as of now:
-    # ??IS IT CORRECT TO DO NOTHING IN CURRENT VERSION?
+    # We are applying the rule, so its source file state for when it was
+    # last made is as of now.  This is do in the subroutines that do the
+    # actual run, to allow for possible calls to them from other places.
 
     # The actual run
     my $return = 0;   # Return code from called routine
-    # Rule may have been created since last run:
-    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; }
+
     if ( $pass{$rule} >= $max_repeat ) {
         # Avoid infinite loop by having a maximum repeat count
         # Getting here represents some kind of weird error.
@@ -7889,7 +8441,6 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    $rules_applied{$rule} = 1;
     $runs++;
     $runs_total++;
 
@@ -7927,7 +8478,7 @@
             #  latex run and the consequent analysis of the log file, the
             #  cusdep rule will no longer be needed, and will be removed.
 
-            # So in this case, do NOT report an error          
+            # So in this case, do NOT report an error
             $$Pout_of_date = 0;
         }
         elsif ($$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) { 
@@ -7958,6 +8509,15 @@
         if ( !$$Plast_message ) {
             $$Plast_message = "Run of rule '$rule' gave a non-zero error code";
         }
+        # Update state of generated source files, but not non-generated,
+        # i.e., user source files. Thus any change in the rule's own
+        # generated source files during the run will not cause a
+        # rerun. Files generated by another rule should not have been
+        # changed during the run, so updating their saved state in this
+        # rule is a NOP.  But any change in user files since the **start**
+        # of the run is a cause for a rerun, so their saved state must not
+        # be updated.
+        rdb_update_gen_files();
     }
     foreach ( keys %$PHsource_rules ) {
         $$PHsource_rules{$_} = $pass{$_};
@@ -7976,7 +8536,7 @@
 
     # Defaults for summary of results of run.
     $$Prun_time = time();
-    
+
     $$Pchanged = 0;       # No special changes in files
     $$Plast_result = 0;
     $$Plast_message = '';
@@ -8038,7 +8598,7 @@
         $$Plast_message = "Bug or configuration error; incorrect command type";
     }
     $time = processing_time() - $time;
-    push @timings, "'$_[0]': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+    add_timing( $time, $rule );
 
 #============================================================================
 
@@ -8137,6 +8697,10 @@
         my $retcode = check_bibtex_log($$Pbase);
         if ( ! -e $$Psource ) {
             $retcode = 10;
+            if (!$silent) {
+                print "Source '$$Psource' for '$rule' doesn't exist,\n",
+                    "so I'll force *latex to run to try and make it.\n";
+            }
             rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], sub{ $$Pout_of_date = 1; } );
         }
         if ($retcode == 3) {
@@ -8171,12 +8735,6 @@
 
     # General
     $updated = 1;
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { 
-        # We are time-criterion first time only.  Now switch to
-        # file-change criterion
-        $$Ptest_kind = 1; 
-    }
-
     if ( ($$Plast_result == 0) && ($return != 0) && ($return != -2) ) {
         $$Plast_result = 2;
         if ($$Plast_message eq '') {
@@ -8183,7 +8741,8 @@
             $$Plast_message = "Command for '$rule' gave return code $return";
             if ($rule =~ /^(pdf|lua|xe|)latex/) {
                 if ( test_gen_file($log_name) ) {
-                    $$Plast_message .= "\n      Refer to '$log_name' for details";
+                    $$Plast_message .=
+                      "\n      Refer to '$log_name' and/or above output for details";
                 }
                 else {
                     $$Plast_message .=
@@ -8217,11 +8776,6 @@
     $$Plast_result = 0;
     $$Plast_message = '';
 
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { 
-        # We are time-criterion first time only.  Now switch to
-        # file-change criterion
-        $$Ptest_kind = 1; 
-    }
     $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = 0;
 
     return 0;
@@ -8244,7 +8798,7 @@
     # This is a globally usable subroutine, and works in a rule context,
     #    and outside.
     # Defaults:
-    #     cmd: $PPext_cmd if defined, else '';
+    #     cmd: $$Pext_cmd if defined, else '';
     #     msg: 1
     #     options: ''
     #     source:  $$Psource if defined, else $texfile_name;
@@ -8323,7 +8877,7 @@
     #
     # Assumes contexts for: recursion, make, & rule.
     # Assumes (a) the rule is a primary, 
-    #         (b) a run has to be made,
+    #         (b) a run has been made,
 
     my $return_latex = shift;
     my $return = $return_latex;
@@ -8335,7 +8889,7 @@
     # Handle case that log file is caused to be in an unexpected place,
     #   from a configuration error:
     &find_set_log;
-
+    
     if ($recorder) {
         # Handle problem that some version of *latex give fls files
         #    of name latex.fls or pdflatex.fls instead of $root_filename.fls.
@@ -8377,7 +8931,11 @@
     }
 
     # Find current set of source files:
-    my ($missing_dirs, $PA_missing_subdirs) = &rdb_set_latex_deps;
+    my ($missing_dirs, $PA_missing_subdirs, $bad_warnings) = &rdb_set_latex_deps;
+    if ($bad_warning_is_error && $bad_warnings) {
+        warn "$My_name: Serious warnings in .log configured to be errors\n";
+        $return ||= $bad_warnings;
+    }
 
     # For each file of the kind made by epstopdf.sty during a run, 
     #   if the file has changed during a run, then the new version of
@@ -8429,54 +8987,248 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_clear_change_record {
-    # Initialize diagnostics for reasons for running rule.
-    @changed = ();
-    %changed_rules = ();
-    @changed_user = ();
-    @disappeared = ();
-    @no_dest = ();          # We are not now using this
-    @rules_never_run = ();
-    @rules_to_apply = ();   # This is used in recursive application
-                            # of rdb_flag_changes_here, to list
-                            # rules that were out-of-date for some reason.
-} #END rdb_clear_change_record 
+sub rdb_remake_needed {
+    # Usage: rdb_remake_needed( \%change_record, outside-make-loop, rules ...)
+    # Determine whether one or more of the rules needs to be rerun, and
+    # return corresponding value.
+    #
+    # Report diagnostics (reasons for remake) in the hash referenced by the
+    # first argument (the hash maps kinds of reason to refs to arrays).
+    #
+    # If second argument is true, use rerun criterion suitable to e.g.,
+    # initial tests in rdb_make, rerun test in
+    # make_preview_continuous. Otherwise use rerun criterion suitable for
+    # with rdb_make's looping through rules.  
+    # In the first case, the file state recorded in each rule corresponds
+    # to the files **after** the of the previous invocation of rdb_make. In
+    # the second case it corresponds to the state immediately **before**
+    # the latest run of the rule.
 
+    my $PHchanges = shift;
+    my $outside_make_loop = shift;
+    
+    my $remake_needed = 0;
+
+    %$PHchanges = ();
+    
+    # ???!!!  Need fancier tests:  SEE NOTES.
+
+    rdb_recurse( [@_],
+                sub {
+                    my %changes_rule = ();
+                    if( rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes_rule, $outside_make_loop)) {
+                        $remake_needed = 1;
+                        foreach my $kind (keys %changes_rule ) {
+                            push @{$$PHchanges{$kind}}, @{$changes_rule{$kind}};
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+        );
+
+    return $remake_needed;
+} #END rdb_remake_needed
+
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_flag_changes_here {
-    # Flag changes in current rule.  
-    # Assumes rule context.
-    # Usage: rdb_flag_changes_here( ignore_run_time )
-    # Argument: if true then fdb_get shouldn't do runtime test
-    #             for recalculation of md5
-    local $ignore_run_time = $_[0];
-    if ( ! defined $ignore_run_time ) { $ignore_run_time = 0; }
+sub rdb_user_changes {
+    # Usage: rdb_user_changes( \%change_record, rules ...)
+    # Return value: whether any user files changed.
+    # Report changes in hash pointed to by first argument.
+    # Side effect: out-of-date rules flagged in $$Pout_of_date.
+    #
+    # ???!!!
+    # Ideally, need specialized versions of rdb_rerun_needed and
+    # rdb_file_change1 (or special option to those), to restrict attention
+    # to user_changed files.  But for now, fudge our way around that.
 
+    my $PHchanges = shift;
+    my $user_changes = 0;
+    %$PHchanges = ( 'changed_user' => [],
+                    'rules_to_apply' => []
+                  );
+
+    rdb_recurse(
+        [@_],
+        sub {
+            my %changes_rule = ( 'changed_user' => [] );
+            if ( rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes_rule, 0 )
+                 && @{$changes_rule{changed_user}}
+            ) {
+                push @{$$PHchanges{changed_user}},
+                     @{$changes_rule{changed_user}};
+                push @{$$PHchanges{rules_to_apply}}, $rule;
+                $user_changes = 1;
+                $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = $user_changes;
+             }
+        }
+     );
+
+    return $user_changes;
+}
+
+#************************************************************
+
+sub rdb_rerun_needed {
+    # Usage: rdb_rerun_needed( \%change_record, outside-make-loop )
+    # Rule context assumed.
+    # Determines whether a rerun of the rule is needed.
+    # Return value is whether a rerun is needed.
+    # 
+    # Report diagnostics (reasons for remake) in the hash referenced by the
+    # first argument (the hash maps kinds of reason to refs to arrays).
+    #
+    # If second argument is true, use rerun criterion suitable to e.g.,
+    # initial tests in rdb_make, rerun test in
+    # make_preview_continuous. Otherwise use rerun criterion suitable for
+    # with rdb_make's looping through rules. 
+    #
+    # ???!!!!
+    # Check all uses!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+    our ($rule, %pass);
+
+    local our $PHchanges = shift;
+    local our $outside_make_loop = shift;
+
+    # File level routine reports its results in %$PHchanges: maps kind of
+    # change to ref to array of files with that kind of change.  
+    %$PHchanges = ();
+    foreach ('changed', 'changed_source_rules', 'changed_user',
+             'disappeared_gen_other', 'disappeared_gen_this',
+             'disappeared_user', 'no_dest', 'other', 'rules_to_apply' )
+        { $$PHchanges{$_} = []; }
+
+    my $rerun_needed = $$Pout_of_date;
+    if ($rerun_needed) {
+        push @{$$PHchanges{other}},
+            "Rerun of '$rule' forced or previously required";
+        goto rdb_rerun_needed_CLEAN_UP;
+    }
+
+    my $user_deleted_is_changed =
+        ( ($user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed == 1)
+          && (! $preview_continuous_mode)
+        )
+        || ($user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed == 2);
+    
     $$Pcheck_time = time();
 
     local $dest_mtime = 0;
     $dest_mtime = get_mtime($$Pdest) if ($$Pdest);
+
     rdb_do_files( \&rdb_file_change1);
-    while ( my ($s_rule, $l_pass) = each %$PHsource_rules ) {
-        # %$PHsource_rules is about rules on which the current rule
-        #   depends, but for which this dependence is not determined by
-        #   the source rules of the set of known source files.
-        # Use pass-count criterion to determine out-of-dateness for these.
-        # 
-        if ( defined $pass{$s_rule}
-             && ($pass{$s_rule} > $l_pass)
-            )
-        {
-            $changed_rules{$s_rule} = $rule;
-            $$Pout_of_date = 1;
+    if (! $outside_make_loop) {
+        while ( my ($s_rule, $l_pass) = each %$PHsource_rules ) {
+            # %$PHsource_rules is about rules on which the current rule
+            #   depends, but for which this dependence is not determined by
+            #   the source rules of the set of known source files.
+            # Use pass-count criterion to determine out-of-dateness for these.
+            #
+            if ( defined $pass{$s_rule}
+                 && ($pass{$s_rule} > $l_pass)
+                )
+            {
+                push @{$$PHchanges{changed_source_rules}}, $s_rule;
+                $rerun_needed = 1;
+            }
         }
     }
-    if ($$Pout_of_date) {
-        push @rules_to_apply, $rule;
+
+        # ???!!!: Comments about disappeared files.
+        #    Relevant situations I know of:
+        #      a. \input (or c.) of a file, and file deleted. No other version.
+        #      b. Like a., but file of the correct name exists in
+        #         source-file-search path; the earlier source file version may for
+        #         example have been an override for a standard file.
+        #      c. There's a chain of input-if-file-exists cases, where the first
+        #         file found in a list of files is used.  Then deleting the file
+        #         found on the previous run merely results in the next run using
+        #         the next file in the list (if there is one, else the situation
+        #         is as at a..
+        #      d. File was deleted, either by user or automatically by something,
+        #         and the file can be regenerated.  (Note: If an aux or bbl file
+        #         (etc) persistently causes errors, then after correcting, e.g., a
+        #         relevant .tex file, then a clean rerun can be triggered by
+        #         deleting the offending file.)
+        # Need tests: Has the file a from rule? If so it can be made, and
+        #               current rule shouldn't be rerun now.
+        #               **But** it's different if the rule that makes in
+        #             Is the file the main source file?  If so problems will
+        #               normally happen when trying to run rule.
+        #             Can the file be found by kpsewhich?  If so, is it the
+        #               main source of the rule?
+        # Need to mention missing files at end of run.
+
+    foreach my $kind (keys %$PHchanges) {
+        if (($kind eq 'disappeared_user') && !$user_deleted_is_changed)
+        { #???!!! Delete entry, as it is no longer a reason for rerun.
+            $$PHchanges{$kind} = [];
+        }
+        elsif ($kind eq 'disappeared_gen_other') {
+            # It's the generating rule of the file that needs to be run,
+            # not this rule, to remake the missing file. So we should not
+            # set the current rule to be rerun. A rerun of the current rule
+            # will be triggered once the file-generating rule has generates
+            # the file, unless, of course, the generated file is identical
+            # to the version that got deleted.
+            # ????!!! should the disappeared_gen_other item in the hash be
+            # emptied out?
+        }
+        elsif ( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) {
+            $rerun_needed = 1;
+        }
     }
-} #END rdb_flag_changes_here
 
+    # Non-source-file-change reasons for rerun:
+    if ( ( ($$Prun_time == 0) || ( $$Plast_result == -1 ) )
+         && ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) )
+    {
+        # Never run.  Only use this test with primary, so we can get
+        # dependency information, which is essential to latexmk's
+        # functioning.  Other rules: there appears to be danger
+        # of, e.g., rerunning many cusdeps when their destinations have
+        # already been made and we used time criterion for deciding whether
+        # to run the rule. 
+        push @{$$PHchanges{never_run}}, $rule;
+        $rerun_needed = $rule;
+    }
+    if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest) && ( $$Plast_result <= 0 ) ) {
+        # No dest.  But not if last run gave error, for then we should not
+        # rerun rule until there's a change in source file(s), which
+        # presumably contain the cause of the error.
+        # But there are other reasons for not rerunning:
+            if ( $$Psource && (! -e $$Psource)
+                 && ( $$Pcmd_type ne 'primary' )
+               ) {
+                # Main source file doesn't exist, and rule is NOT primary.
+                # No action, since a run is pointless.  Primary is different:
+                # file might be found elsewhere (by kpsearch from *latex),
+                # while non-existence of main source file is a clear error.
+            }
+            elsif ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'delegated' ) {
+                # Delegate to destination rule
+            }
+            else {
+                $rerun_needed = 1;
+                push @{$$PHchanges{no_dest}}, $rule;
+            }
+    }
+
+  rdb_rerun_needed_CLEAN_UP:
+    foreach my $file ( @{$$PHchanges{changed}} ) {
+        if ( ! $from_rules{$file} ) {
+            push @{$$PHchanges{changed_user}}, $file; 
+        }
+    }
+    $$Pno_history = 0;    # See comments in definition of %rule_db.
+    if ($rerun_needed) {
+        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
+        push @{$$PHchanges{rules_to_apply}}, $rule;
+        if (@{$$PHchanges{changed_user}}) {$$Pout_of_date_user = 1;}
+    }
+    return $rerun_needed;
+} #END rdb_rerun_needed
+
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_file_change1 {
@@ -8483,109 +9235,135 @@
     # Call: &rdb_file_change1
     # Assumes rule and file context.  Assumes $dest_mtime set.
     # Flag whether $file in $rule has changed or disappeared.
-    # Set rule's make flag if there's a change.
+    our ($rule, $file, $PHchanges);
 
-    my $check_time_argument = 0;
-    if (! $ignore_run_time ) {
-        $check_time_argument = max( $$Pcheck_time, $$Prun_time );
+    my $check_time_argument =
+        ($outside_make_loop ? 0 : max($$Pcheck_time, $$Prun_time) );
+
+    
+    # For files that won't be read until after they are written, ignore any changes:
+    if (exists $$PHrewritten_before_read{$file}) {
+        return;
     }
     my ($new_time, $new_size, $new_md5) = fdb_get($file, $check_time_argument );
     my $ext_no_period = ext_no_period( $file );
-    my $generated = exists $from_rules{$file};
-    if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize >= 0) ) {
-        # print "Disappeared '$file' in '$rule'\n";
-        push @disappeared, $file;
-        # No reaction is good.  
-        #$$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        # ??? 1 Sep. 2008: I do NOT think so, for cusdep no-file-exists issue
-        # ??? 30 Sep 2008: I think I have this fixed.  There were other changes
-        #  needed.  No-change-flagged is correct.  The array @disappeared flags 
-        #  files that have disappeared, if I need to know.  But having a source
-        #  file disappear is not a reason for a remake unless I know how to 
-        #  make the file.  If the file is a destination of a rule, that rule
-        #  will be rerun.  It may be that the user is changing another source 
-        #  in such a way that the disappeared file won't be needed.  Before the
-        #  change is applied we get a superfluous infinite loop.
-        return;
+
+    my $generated = 0;
+    if (exists $from_rules{$file}) {
+        if ($from_rules{$file} eq $rule) { $generated = 1; }
+        else { $generated = 2; }
     }
+
     if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize < 0) ) {
         return;
     }
-    # Primarily use md5 signature to determine whether file contents have
-    #   changed.
+    
+    if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize >= 0) ) {
+        if ($generated == 2) {
+            # Non-existent file generated by another rule.  It's up to that
+            # rule to remake it.
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_gen_other}}, $file;
+        }
+        elsif ($generated == 1) {
+            # Non-existent file generated by this rule.
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_gen_this}}, $file;
+        }
+        # ???!!! Keep this, or only for primary, or not?
+#        elsif ( my @kpse = kpsewhich( $file ) ) {
+#            print "After '$file' disappeared for '$rule', kpsewhich found it at\n:",
+#                  "  '$kpse[0]'.\n";
+#            push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
+#        }
+        else {
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_user}}, $file;
+        }
+    }
+    # For other kinds of file change, primarily use md5 signature to
+    # determine whether file contents have changed.
     # Backup by file size change, but only in the case where there is
-    #   no pattern of lines to ignore in testing for a change
-    if ( ($new_md5 ne $$Pmd5) 
-         || (
-              (! exists $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{$ext_no_period})
-              && ($new_size != $$Psize)   
+    # no pattern of lines to ignore in testing for a change
+    elsif ( ($new_md5 ne $$Pmd5) 
+            || (
+                  (! exists $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{$ext_no_period})
+                  && ($new_size != $$Psize)   
             )
        ) {
-        push @changed, $file;
-        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        if ( ! $generated ) {
-            push @changed_user, $file;
-            $$Pout_of_date_user = 1;
-        }
+        push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
     }
     elsif ( $new_time != $$Ptime ) {
         $$Ptime = $new_time;
     }
-    if ( ( ($$Ptest_kind == 2) || ($$Ptest_kind == 3) )
-         && (! $generated)
-         && ( $new_time > $dest_mtime )
-        ) {
-            push @changed, $file;
-            $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = 1;
+    # If there's no history, supplement by file-time criterion, i.e., is
+    # this source file time later than destination file file
+    if ( $$Pno_history && ( $new_time > $dest_mtime ) ) {
+        push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
     }
+
 } #END rdb_file_change1
 
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_user_changes {
-    # Argument(s): a set of top level rules.
-    # Aim: Find any changed user files for those rules and all ancestors.
-    # Assumption: List of source_rules for files is up-to-date.
-    &rdb_clear_change_record;
-    rdb_recurse( [@_], sub{ &rdb_flag_changes_here(1); } );
-    if ($#changed_user >=0) { show_array( 'User changed files', @changed_user ); }
-    return ($#changed_user >= 0);
-} #END rdb_user_changes
+#sub rdb_diagnose_changes {
+#    # ???!!! delete after using ideas in rdb_diagnose_changes2
+#    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes or rdb_diagnose_changes( heading, show_out_of_date_rules )
+#    # Precede the message by the optional heading, else by "$My_name: " 
+#    my ($heading, $show_out_of_date_rules) = @_;
+#    our ( @changed, %changed_rules, @disappeared, @no_dest, @rules_to_apply,
+#          @rules_never_run );
+#    
+#    if ($#rules_never_run >= 0) {
+#        show_array( "${heading}Rules & subrules not known to be previously run:", @rules_never_run );
+#    }
+#    if ( ($#changed >= 0) || (keys %changed_rules > 0) || ($#disappeared >= 0) || ($#no_dest >= 0) ) {
+#        print "${heading}File changes, etc:\n";
+#        if ( $#changed >= 0 ) {
+#            # ???!!! Modify to allow for case of 
+#            show_array( " Changed files, or newly in use/created since previous run(s):", uniqs(@changed) );
+#        }
+#        if ( $#disappeared >= 0 ) {
+#            show_array( " No-longer-existing files:", uniqs(@disappeared) );
+#        }
+#        if ( $#no_dest >= 0 ) {
+#            show_array( " Non-existent destination for:", uniqs(@no_dest) );
+#        }
+#        if ( keys %changed_rules > 0 ) {
+#            print "  Rule(s) that have been run and require run of dependent rule:\n";
+#            while (my ($s_rule, $d_rule) = each %changed_rules) {
+#                print "      '$s_rule' which requires run of '$d_rule'\n";
+#            }
+#        }
+#    }
+#    if ($show_out_of_date_rules) {
+#        show_array( "${heading}Overall, the following rules became out-of-date:",
+#                    uniqs(@rules_to_apply));
+#    }
+#}  #END rdb_diagnose_changes
 
-#************************************************************
+#----------------------------
 
-sub rdb_diagnose_changes {
-    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes or rdb_diagnose_changes( heading )
-    # List changes on STDERR
-    # Precede the message by the optional heading, else by "$My_name: " 
-    my $heading = defined($_[0]) ?   $_[0]  :  "$My_name: "; 
+sub rdb_diagnose_changes2 {
+    # ???!!! Examine rdb_diagnose_changes for ideas in old version to use here.
+    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, heading, show_out_of_date_rules )
 
-    if ($#rules_never_run >= 0) {
-        show_array( "${heading}Rules & subrules not known to be previously run:", @rules_never_run );
-    }
-    if ( ($#changed >= 0) || (keys %changed_rules > 0) || ($#disappeared >= 0) || ($#no_dest >= 0) ) {
-        print "${heading}File changes, etc:\n";
-        if ( $#changed >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   Changed files, or newly in use since previous run(s):", uniqs(@changed) );
+    my ($PHchanges, $heading, $show_out_of_date_rules) = @_;
+
+    my %labels = (
+        'changed' => 'Changed files or newly in use/created',
+        );
+
+    print "$heading Reasons for rerun\n";
+    foreach my $kind (sort keys %$PHchanges) {
+        if ( (! $show_out_of_date_rules) && ($kind eq 'rules_to_apply' ) )
+            { next; }
+        my $label = $labels{$kind}  || "Category '$kind'";
+        if ( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) {
+            show_array( "$label:",
+                        uniqs( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) );
         }
-        if ( $#disappeared >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   No-longer-existing files:", uniqs(@disappeared) );
-        }
-        if ( $#no_dest >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   Non-existent destination files:", uniqs(@no_dest) );
-        }
-        if ( keys %changed_rules > 0 ) {
-            print "   Rule(s) that have been run and require run of dependent rule:\n";
-            while (my ($s_rule, $d_rule) = each %changed_rules) {
-                print "      '$s_rule' which requires run of '$d_rule'\n";
-            }
-        }
     }
-    show_array( "${heading}The following rules & subrules became out-of-date:",
-                @rules_to_apply);
-}     #END rdb_diagnose_changes
+    print "\n";
+}  #END rdb_diagnose_changes2
 
-
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
@@ -8829,8 +9607,8 @@
     local ( $rule, $rule_act1, $file_act, $rule_act2 ) = @_;
     if ( (! $rule) || ! rdb_rule_exists($rule) ) { return; }
 
-    local ( $PArule_data, $PHsource, $PHdest, $PHsource_rules ) = @{$rule_db{$rule}};
-    local ($Pcmd_type, $Pext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $Ptest_kind, 
+    local ( $PArule_data, $PHsource, $PHdest, $PHrewritten_before_read, $PHsource_rules ) = @{$rule_db{$rule}};
+    local ($Pcmd_type, $Pext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $Pno_history, 
            $Psource, $Pdest, $Pbase,
            $Pout_of_date, $Pout_of_date_user, $Prun_time, $Pcheck_time,
            $Pchanged,
@@ -8928,7 +9706,8 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_create_rule {
-    # rdb_create_rule( rule, command_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, test_kind,
+    # ???!!! OUT OF DATE.  PLACE HOLDER for what was test_kind
+    # rdb_create_rule( rule, command_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, DUMMY,
     #                  source, dest, base, 
     #                  needs_making, run_time, check_time, set_file_not_exists,
     #                  ref_to_array_of_specs_of_extra_generated_files )
@@ -8939,9 +9718,15 @@
     # Omitted arguments: replaced by 0 or '' as needed.
     # Rule is made active
 # ==== Sets rule data ====
-    my ( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $test_kind, 
+    my ( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $DUMMY, 
          $source, $dest, $base, 
-         $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $set_file_not_exists, $extra_gen ) = @_;
+         $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $set_file_not_exists,
+         $extra_gen ) = @_;
+    foreach ( $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $DUMMY ) {
+        if (! defined $_) { $_ = 0; }
+    }
+    my $last_result = -1;
+    my $no_history = ($run_time <= 0);
     my $active = 1;
     my $changed = 0;
 
@@ -8959,13 +9744,6 @@
             "    '$base'\n",
             "  I cannot handle this.  Cause is probably a latexmk bug.  Please report it.\n";
     }
-    foreach ( $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $test_kind ) {
-        if (! defined $_) { $_ = 0; }
-    }
-    if (!defined $test_kind) {
-        # Default to test on file change
-        $test_kind = 1; 
-    }
     if ( ref( $PAint_cmd ) eq '' ) {
         #  It is a single command.  Convert to array reference:
         $PAint_cmd = [ $PAint_cmd ];
@@ -8979,12 +9757,13 @@
         @$PA_extra_gen = @$extra_gen;
     }
     $rule_db{$rule} = 
-        [  [$cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $test_kind, 
+        [  [$cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $no_history, 
             $source, $dest, $base,
             $needs_making, 0, $run_time, $check_time, $changed,
-            -1, '', $PA_extra_gen ],
+            $last_result, '', $PA_extra_gen ],
            {},
            {},
+           {},
            {}
         ];
     if ($source) {
@@ -8999,10 +9778,12 @@
 
 sub rdb_initialize_generated {
 # Assume rule context.
-# Initialize hash of generated files
+# Initialize hashes of generated files, and of files rewritten before read
     %$PHdest = ();
     if ($$Pdest) { rdb_add_generated($$Pdest); }
     rdb_add_generated(@$PA_extra_gen);
+
+    %$PHrewritten_before_read = ();
 } #END rdb_initialize_generated
 
 #************************************************************
@@ -9018,6 +9799,14 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub rdb_add_rewritten_before_read {
+# Assume rule context.
+# Add arguments to hash of files rewritten before being read
+    foreach (@_) { $$PHrewritten_before_read{$_} = 1; }
+} #END rdb_add_rewritten_before_read
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub rdb_remove_generated {
 # Assume rule context.
 # Remove arguments from hash of generated files
@@ -9026,6 +9815,14 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub rdb_remove_rewritten_before_read {
+# Assume rule context.
+# Remove arguments from hash of files rewritten before being read
+    foreach (@_) { delete $$PHrewritten_before_read{$_}; }
+} #END rdb_add_rewritten_before_read
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub rdb_ensure_file {
     # rdb_ensure_file( rule, file[, fromrule[, set_not_exists]] )
     # Ensures the source file item exists in the given rule.
@@ -9140,15 +9937,10 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_update_gen_files {
-    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state.
+    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state,
+    # but only for source files that are generated by this or another rule.
     rdb_do_files( 
-        sub{
-            if ( exists $generated_exts{ ext_no_period($file) }
-                 || exists $$PHdest{$file}
-                ) {
-                &rdb_update1;
-            }
-        }
+        sub{  if ( exists $from_rules{$file} ) { &rdb_update1; }  }
     );
 } #END rdb_update_gen_files
 
@@ -9156,7 +9948,7 @@
 
 sub rdb_update_files {
     # Call: rdb_update_files
-    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state.
+    # Assumes rule context.  Update all source files of rule to current state.
     rdb_do_files( \&rdb_update1 );
 }
 
@@ -9201,7 +9993,15 @@
     #   primary run) doesn't exist.
     # It is assumed that the resulting file will be read by the
     #   primary run.
+    # N.B. 
+    # The subroutine is not used by latexmk itself.  It is here to support
+    # a need in TeXShop's pdflatexmk engine as the subroutine for a cusdep
+    # to work with the epspdf package.
 
+    print "I am delegating making of '$$Pdest' to *latex (e.g., by epspdf).\n",
+          "  So I'll delete '$$Pdest' to flag it needs to be remade,\n",
+          "  and flagging the rules using it to be rerun\n"
+        if (!$silent);
     # Remove the destination file, to indicate it needs to be remade:
     unlink_or_move( $$Pdest );
     # Arrange that the non-existent destination file is not treated as
@@ -9225,7 +10025,7 @@
     #   primary run.
 
     local $cus_dep_target = $$Pdest;
-    # Loop over all rules and source files:
+    # Loop over all active rules and source files:
     rdb_for_actives( 0, 
                  sub { if ($file eq $cus_dep_target) {
                             $$Pout_of_date = 1;
@@ -9266,7 +10066,7 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub show_hash {
-    my ($msg, $PH ) = @_;
+    my ($msg, $PH) = @_;
     print "$msg\n";
     if (! %$PH ) {
         print "     NONE\n";
@@ -9325,6 +10125,37 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub analyze_string {
+    # Show information about string: utf8 flag or not, length(s!), byte content
+    my ($m,$s) = @_;
+
+    print "=== $m ";
+    my $length = length($s);
+    if (utf8::is_utf8($s)) {
+        my $encoded = encode( $CS_system, $s, Encode::FB_WARN | Encode::LEAVE_SRC );
+        my $len_chars = 0;
+        my $len_bytes = 0;
+        { no bytes; $len_chars = length($s); }
+        { use bytes; $len_bytes = length($s); }
+        print "'$encoded':\n",
+            "utf8, len = $length; chars = $len_chars; bytes = $len_bytes\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        print "'$s':\n",
+              "NOT utf8, len = $length\n";
+    }
+
+    print join ' ', to_hex($s), "\n";
+}
+
+#----------------------------
+
+sub to_hex {
+    return map { sprintf('%4X', $_) }  unpack( 'U*', shift );
+}
+
+#==================
+
 sub glob_list1 {
     # Glob a collection of filenames.  
     # But no sorting or elimination of duplicates
@@ -9451,9 +10282,10 @@
 sub get_time_size {
     # Return time and size of file named in argument
     # If file does not exist, return (0,-1);
-    # Argument _ to stat: use values from previous call, to save disk access..
-    return (   ( ( stat($_[0]) )[9] || 0 ),
-               ( ( stat(_) )[7] || -1 )   );
+    # Argument _ to stat: use values from previous call, to save disk access.
+    my @result = stat($_[0]);
+    if (@result) { return ($result[9], $result[7]); }
+    else { return (0,-1); }
 }
 
 #************************************************************
@@ -9471,7 +10303,6 @@
     my $md5 = Digest::MD5->new;
     my $ignore_pattern = undef;
 
-#print "======= GETTING MD5: $source\n";
     if ( -d $source ) {
         # We won't use checksum for directory
         return 0;
@@ -9513,89 +10344,58 @@
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 
-sub find_file1 {
-    # Usage: find_file1(name, ref_to_array_search_path)
-    # Modified find_file, which doesn't die.
-    # Given filename and path, return array of:
-    #             full name 
-    #             retcode
-    # On success: full_name = full name with path, retcode = 0
-    # On failure: full_name = given name, retcode = 1
+sub find_files {
+    # Usage: find_files( \%files, format, default_ext, \@files, \@not_found )
+    # ???!!! This may be too elaborate.  The hash is there to have all the
+    # necessary information, but I don't actually use it.
+    # The files hash, referred to by the 1st argument, has as its keys
+    #   specified file names, as specified for example in \bibliography.
+    #   The values are to be the names of the corresponding actual files,
+    #   as found by kpsewhich, or '' if kpsewhich doesn't find a file.
+    # The format is used in a -format=... option to kpsewhich, e.g., 'bib'
+    #   for bib files, 'bst' for bst files.
+    # The 3rd argument contains the default extension to use for not-found files. 
+    # The array @files, referred to by the 4th argument, contains the
+    #   sorted names of the found files, and then the specifications of the
+    #   not-found files.
+    #   But
+    # The array @not_found, referred to by the 5th argument, contains the
+    #   sorted names of the specified names for the not-found files.
+    # The value of each item in the hash is set to the found filename
+    #   corresponding to the key, if a file is found; otherwise it is set to
+    #   the empty string.
+    # Return number of files not found.
+    #
+    # ???!!! Ideally use only 1 call to kpsewhich. But KISS for now.  The
+    # main use of this subroutine is for bib, bst files (and maybe index
+    # files), which are few in number.  Only likely conceivable case for
+    # having many files is with a big document, for which *latex running
+    # time is large, so almost certainly that dwarfs run time for several
+    # runs of kpsewhich. 
 
-    my $name = $_[0];
-    # Make local copy of path, since we may rewrite it!
-    my @path = ();
-    if ($_[1]) {
-        @path = @{$_[1]};
-    }
-    if ( $name =~ /^\// ) {
-        # Absolute path (if under UNIX)
-        # This needs fixing, in general
-        if (-e $name) { return( $name, 0 );}
-        else { return( $name, 1 );}
-    }
-    foreach my $dir ( @path ) {
-        # Make $dir concatenatable, and empty for current dir:
-        if ( $dir eq '.' ) { 
-            $dir = ''; 
+    my ($PHfiles, $format, $ext, $PAfiles, $PAnot_found) = @_;
+    @$PAfiles = @$PAnot_found = ();
+    foreach my $name (keys %$PHfiles) {
+        if (my @lines = kpsewhich( "-format=$format", $name ) ) {
+            $$PHfiles{$name} = $lines[0];
+            push @$PAfiles, $lines[0];
         }
-        elsif ( $dir =~ /[\/\\:]$/ ) { 
-            #OK if dir ends in / or \ or :
+        else {
+            $$PHfiles{$name} = '';
+            push @$PAnot_found, $name;
         }
-        elsif ( $dir ne '' ) { 
-            #Append directory separator only to non-empty dir
-            $dir = "$dir/"; 
-        }
-        if (-e "$dir$name") {
-            return("$dir$name", 0);
-        }
     }
-    my @kpse_result = kpsewhich( $name );
-    if ($#kpse_result > -1) {
-        return( $kpse_result[0], 0);
+    @$PAnot_found = sort @$PAnot_found;
+    @$PAfiles = sort @$PAfiles;
+    foreach (@$PAnot_found) {
+        if ( ! /\..*$/ ) { $_ .= ".$ext"; }
+        push @$PAfiles, $_;
     }
-    return("$name" , 1);
-} #END find_file1
+    
+    return 1 + $#{$PAnot_found};
+} #END find_files
 
 #************************************************************
-
-sub find_file_list1 {
-    # Modified version of find_file_list that doesn't die.
-    # Given output and input arrays of filenames, a file suffix, and a path, 
-    # fill the output array with full filenames
-    # Return array of not-found files.
-    # Usage: find_file_list1( ref_to_output_file_array,
-    #                         ref_to_input_file_array,
-    #                         suffix,
-    #                         ref_to_array_search_path
-    #                       )
-    # SPECIAL TREATMENT TO .bib extension, because of behavior of bibtex
-    # OTHER SPECIAL TREATMENT IF EXTENSION IS GIVEN.
-
-  my $ref_output = $_[0];
-  my $ref_input  = $_[1];
-  my $suffix     = $_[2];
-  my $ref_search = $_[3];
-  my @not_found = ();
-
-  my @return_list = ();    # Generate list in local array, since input 
-                           # and output arrays may be same
-  my $retcode = 0;
-  foreach my $file1 (@$ref_input) {
-    my $file = $file1;
-    if ($suffix eq '.bib') { $file =~ s/\.bib$//; }
-    my ($tmp_file, $find_retcode) = &find_file1( "$file$suffix", $ref_search );
-    if ($tmp_file)  {
-        push @return_list, $tmp_file;
-    }
-    if ( $find_retcode != 0 ) {
-        push @not_found, $file.$suffix;
-    }
-  }
-  @$ref_output = @return_list;
-  return @not_found;
-} #END find_file_list1
-
 #************************************************************
 
 sub unlink_or_move {
@@ -9662,13 +10462,20 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub kpsewhich {
-# Usage: kpsewhich( filespec, ...)
-# Returns array of files with paths as found by kpsewhich
-#    kpsewhich( 'try.sty', 'jcc.bib' );
-# With standard use of kpsewhich (i.e., without -all option), the array
-# has either 0 or 1 element.
-# Can also do, e.g.,
-#    kpsewhich( '-format=bib', 'trial.bib', 'file with spaces');
+    # Usage: kpsewhich( [options, ] filespec, ...)
+    # The arguments are the command line arguments to kpsewhich, and the
+    # return value is the array of filenames that are returned by
+    # kpsewhich.
+    # N.B. kpsewhich returns one line per found file; this routine removes
+    # trailing line ends (\r\n or \n) before putting the line in the
+    # returned array.
+    # The arguments can just be names: e.g.,
+    #    kpsewhich( 'try.sty', 'jcc.bib' );
+    # or can include options, e.g., 
+    #    kpsewhich( '-format=bib', 'trial.bib', 'file with spaces');
+    # With standard use of kpsewhich (i.e., without -all option), the array
+    # has either 0 or 1 element for each filespec argument.
+
     my $cmd = $kpsewhich;
     my @args = @_;
     if ( ($cmd eq '') || ( $cmd =~ /^NONE($| )/ ) ) {
@@ -9682,7 +10489,7 @@
         }
     }
     $cmd =~ s/%[RBTDO]//g;
-    $cmd =~ s/%S/@args/g;
+    $cmd =~ s/%S/@_/g;
     my @found = ();
     local $fh;
     if ( $kpsewhich_show || $diagnostics ) {
@@ -9865,6 +10672,7 @@
 sub find_dirs1 {
    # Same as find_dirs, but argument is single string with directories
    # separated by $search_path_separator
+   # ???!!! WRONG DEFAULT?
    find_dirs( &split_search_path( $search_path_separator, ".", $_[0] ) );
 }
 
@@ -10017,7 +10825,7 @@
 # Usage: &split_search_path( separator, default, string )
 # Splits string by separator and returns array of the elements
 # Allow empty last component.
-# Replace empty terms by the default.
+    # Replace empty terms by the default. ???!!! WRONG DEFAULT?
     my $separator = $_[0]; 
     my $default = $_[1]; 
     my $search_path = $_[2]; 

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH LATEXMK 1 "17 March 2022" ""
+.TH LATEXMK 1 "18 November 2022" ""
 .SH NAME
 latexmk \- generate LaTeX document
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@@ -172,11 +172,10 @@
 
 .TP
 .B -auxdir=FOO \fRor\fB -aux-directory=FOO
-Sets the directory for auxiliary output files of *latex 
-(.aux, .log etc).  This
-achieves its effect by the \fB-aux-directory\fR option of *latex,
-which currently is only implemented on the MiKTeX version of
-*latex.
+Sets the directory for auxiliary output files of *latex (.aux, .log etc).
+See the description of the \fI$aux_dir\fR variable, the
+\fB-emulate-aux-dir\fR, and the \fI$emulate_aux\fR variables for some
+complications in using this option with the TeX Live distribution.
 
 See also the \fB-outdir\fR/\fB-output-directory\fR options, and the
 \fI$aux_dir\fR, \fI$out_dir\fR, and \fI$search_path_separator\fR
@@ -213,42 +212,30 @@
 
 .TP
 .B -bibtex-cond
-When the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography, run
-\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but
-only if the 
-relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files are not
-available, \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR is not run, thereby avoiding
-overwriting of 
-the bbl file(s).
-Also, always treat .bbl files as precious,
+When the source file uses a bbl file for the bibliography and \fIbibtex\fR
+is used to generate the bibliography, run \fIbibtex\fR as needed to
+regenerate the bbl files only if the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when
+the bib file(s) are not available, \fIbibtex\fR is not run, thereby avoiding
+overwriting of the bbl file.  Also, always treat .bbl files as precious,
 i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.
 
-This is the default setting.
-It can also be configured by setting the \fI$bibtex_use\fR
-variable to 1 in a configuration file.
+This is the default setting.  It can also be configured by setting the
+\fI$bibtex_use\fR variable to 1 in a configuration file.
 
-The reason for using this setting is that sometimes a .bbl file is
-available containing the bibliography for a document, but the .bib
-file is not available.  An example would be for a scientific journal
-where authors submit .tex and .bbl files, but not the original .bib
-file.  In that case, running \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR would not
-work, and the .bbl file should be treated as a user source file, and
-not as a file that can be regenerated on demand.
+The reason for using this setting is first to allow automatic switching
+between the use and non-use of \fIbibtex\fR depending on the existence or
+not of a bib file.  In addition, when submitting articles to a scientific
+journal, it is common to submit only .tex and .bbl files (plus graphics
+files), but not a .bib file.  Hence it is often useful to treat .bbl files
+as true source files, that should be preserved under a clean up operation.
 
-(Note that it is possible for \fIlatexmk\fR to decide that the bib
-file does not exist, even though the bib file does exist and
-\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR finds it.  The problem is that the bib
-file may not be in 
-the current directory but in some search path; the places
-\fIlatexmk\fR and \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR cause to be searched need not be
-identical.  On modern installations of TeX and related programs this
-problem should not arise, since \fIlatexmk\fR uses the \fIkpsewhich\fR
-program to do the search, and \fIkpsewhich\fR should use the same
-search path as \fIbibtex\fR and \fIbiber\fR.  If this problem arises, use the
-\fB-bibtex\fR option when invoking \fIlatexmk\fR.)
+This property can also be configured by setting the \fI$bibtex_use\fR
+variable to 1 in a configuration file.
 
-Note that this value does \fInot\fR work properly if the document uses
-\fIbiber\fR instead of \fIbibtex\fR.  (There's a long story why not.)
+\fBNote\fR that when \fBbiber\fR is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
+option does not currently prevent \fIbiber\fR from being run.  See the
+documentation on \fI$bibtex_use\fR for more details.  However, a bbl file
+is treated as precious. 
 
 .TP
 .B -bibtex-cond1
@@ -255,13 +242,17 @@
 The same as \fB-bibtex-cond\fR except that .bbl files are only
 treated as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.
 
-Thus if all the bib files exist, \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR is run to
-generate .bbl files as needed, and then it is appropriate to delete
-the bbl files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-generated.
+Thus if all the bib files exist, \fIbibtex\fR is run to generate .bbl files
+as needed, and then it is appropriate to delete the bbl files in a cleanup
+operation since they can be re-generated.
 
 This property can also be configured by setting the \fI$bibtex_use\fR
 variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.
 
+\fBNote\fR that when \fBbiber\fR is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
+option does not currently prevent \fIbiber\fR from being run.  See the
+documentation on \fI$bibtex_use\fR for more details.
+
 .TP
 .B -bibtexfudge\fR or\fB -bibfudge
 Turn on the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documentation of
@@ -477,9 +468,13 @@
 
 .TP
 .B -dvi
-Generate dvi version of document.
+Generate dvi version of document using latex.
 
 .TP
+.B -dvilua
+Generate dvi version of document using lualatex instead of latex.
+
+.TP
 .B -dvi-
 Turn off generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
 overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps file) that is
@@ -487,6 +482,16 @@
 requested.) 
 
 .TP
+.B -dvilualatex="COMMAND"
+This sets the string specifying the command to run \fIdvi lualatex\fR.  It
+behaves like the \fB-pdflatex\fR option, but sets the variable
+\fI$dvilualatex\fR.  
+
+\fINote: This option when provided with the COMMAND argument only sets the
+command for invoking dvilualatex; it does not turn on the use of
+dvilualatex. That is done by other options or in an initialization file.\fR
+
+.TP
 .B -e <code>
 Execute the specified initialization code before processing.  The code
 is \fIPerl\fR code of the same form as is used in \fIlatexmk\fR's
@@ -872,8 +877,13 @@
 
 .TP
 .B -pdfdvi
-Generate pdf version of document from the dvi file, by default using dvipdf.
+Generate dvi file and then pdf version of document from the dvi file, by
+default using dvipdf. 
 
+The program used to compile the document to dvi is \fIlatex\fR by default,
+but this can be changed to \fIdvilulatex\fR by the use of the \fB-dvilua\fR
+option or by setting \fI$dvi_mode\fR to 2.
+
 .TP
 .B -pdflua
 Generate pdf version of document using \fIlualatex\fR.
@@ -880,9 +890,13 @@
 
 .TP
 .B -pdfps
-Generate pdf version of document from the .ps file, by default using
-\fIps2pdf\fR. 
+Generate dvi file, ps file from the dvi file,  and then pdf file from the
+ps file.
 
+The program used to compile the document to dvi is \fIlatex\fR by default,
+but this can be changed to \fIdvilulatex\fR by the use of the \fB-dvilua\fR
+option or by setting \fI$dvi_mode\fR to 2.
+
 .TP
 .B -pdfxe
 Generate pdf version of document using \fIxelatex\fR.  Note that to
@@ -1202,8 +1216,8 @@
 to configure \fIlatexmk\fR with changed values of its configuration
 variables, the relevant ones being \fI$bibtex_silent_switch\fR,
 \fI$biber_silent_switch\fR, \fI$dvipdf_silent_switch\fR, 
-\fI$dvips_silent_switch\fR, \fI$latex_silent_switch\fR,
-\fI$lualatex_silent_switch\fR
+\fI$dvips_silent_switch\fR, \fI$dvilualatex_silent_switch\fR,
+\fI$latex_silent_switch\fR, \fI$lualatex_silent_switch\fR
 \fI$makeindex_silent_switch\fR, \fI$pdflatex_silent_switch\fR,
 and \fI$xelatex_silent_switch\fR
 
@@ -1301,6 +1315,10 @@
 configuration variable \fI$warnings_as_errors\fR. 
 
 .TP
+.B -xdv
+Generate xdv version of document using xelatex.
+
+.TP
 .B -xelatex
 Use \fIxelatex\fR.  That is, use \fIxelatex\fR to process the source file(s) to
 pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript files is turned off.
@@ -1968,10 +1986,12 @@
 which is the directory to which general output files are to be
 written. 
 
-\fBImportant note\fR:  The effect of \fI$aux_dir\fR, if different from
-\fI$out_dir\fR, is achieved by giving \fI*latex\fR the
-\fB-aux-directory\fR.  Currently (Dec. 2011 and later) this only works on the
-MiKTeX version of \fI*latex\fR.
+\fBImportant note\fR:  The default implementation of the aux dir is to give 
+\fI*latex\fR the \fB-aux-directory\fR option.  But that only works with the
+MiKTeX distribution, not with the TeX Live distribution.  Latexmk has an
+alternative implementation that avoids this problem: See the description of 
+\fB-emulate-aux-dir\fR option and the \fI$emulate_aux\fR variable for
+details. 
 
 See also the documentation of \fI$out_dir\fR for some complications on
 what directory names are suitable.
@@ -1997,6 +2017,20 @@
 
 
 .TP
+.B $bad_warning_is_error [0]
+Whether to treat bad warnings reported by *latex in log file as errors. The
+specifications of the warning messages are in \fI at bad_warnings\fR.
+
+.TP
+.B @bad_warnings
+Array of regular expressions specifying messages in log file that are
+officially treated as warnings rather than errors by *latex, but which a
+user may treat as errors: See \fI$bad_warning_is_error\fR.
+
+Currently the default set of these warnings is those about \\end occuring
+inside constructs.
+
+.TP
 .B $banner [0]
 If nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
 converting the dvi file to postscript.  Without modifying the variable
@@ -2100,21 +2134,24 @@
 whether or not .bbl files are deleted in a cleanup operation.
 
 The possible values of \fI$bibtex_use\fR are:
-  0: never use BibTeX or biber; 
-never delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
-  1: only use \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR if the bib files exist;
-never delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
-  1.5: only use \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR if the bib files exist;
-conditionally delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them only
-when the bib files all exist). 
+  0: never use \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR; never delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
+  1: only use \fIbibtex\fR if the bib file(s) exist; never delete .bbl
+files in a cleanup. 
+  1.5: only use \fIbibtex\fR if the bib files exist; conditionally
+delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them only when the bib files
+all exist).  
   2: run \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR whenever it appears necessary to
-update the bbl 
-files, without testing for the existence of the bib files;
-always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
+update the bbl file(s), without testing for the existence of the bib 
+files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
 
-Note that the value 1.5 does \fInot\fR work properly if the document
-uses \fIbiber\fR instead of \fIbibtex\fR.  (There's a long story why
-not.)
+\fBImportant note:\fR Currently, the values 1 and 1.5 do \fInot\fR work
+properly if the document uses \fIbiber\fR instead of \fIbibtex\fR. When
+\fIbiber\fR is used, the values 1 and 1.5 for \fI$bibtex_use\fR are
+equivalent to 2 as regards the running of \fIbiber\fR.  (There's a long
+story why not.  Basically, the problem is that when \fIbiber\fR is used,
+\fIlatexmk\fR only knows the names and status of the bibfiles after running
+\fIbiber\fR.  In contrast, when \fIbibtex\fR is used, the information is
+available after a run of *latex. It is a problem for the future to correct this.)
 
 .TP
 .B $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
@@ -2176,7 +2213,7 @@
 \fI$out_dir\fR, which is the only case directly supported by TeXLive,
 unlike MiKTeX.  Note that even with TeXLive latexmk does now support
 different values for the directories -- see the explanation of the
-\fI$emulate_aux variable.
+\fI$emulate_aux\fR variable.
 
 If \fI$out_dir\fR and \fI$aux_dir\fR different, latexmk actually deletes
 any files of the specified names in both \fI$aux_dir\fR and \fI$out_dir\fR;
@@ -2353,16 +2390,43 @@
 .B $dvi_filter [empty]
 The dvi file filter to be run on the newly produced dvi file before
 other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the \fB-dF\fR option.
+
 .TP
+.B $dvilualatex ["dvilualatex %O %S"]
+Specifies the command line to invoke
+the dvilualatex program.  Note that as with other programs, you
+can use this variable not just to change the name of the program used,
+but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,
+
+	$dvilualatex = "dvilualatex --src-specials %O %S";
+
+To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR,
+\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section
+"Advanced Configuration".
+
+.TP
 .B $dvi_mode [See below for default]
-If nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  
+If one, generate a dvi version of the document by use of latex.  
 Equivalent to the \fB-dvi\fR option.
 
+If 2, generate a dvi version of the document by use of dvilualatex.  
+Equivalent to the \fB-dvilua\fR option.
+
 The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but if no explicit requests are
 made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then $dvi_mode will be
 set to 1.  In addition, if a request for a file for which a .dvi file
-is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  
+is a prerequisite and $dvi_mode is zero, then $dvi_mode is set to 1.
+
+
 .TP
+.B $dvilualatex_silent_switch  ["-interaction=batchmode"]
+Switch(es) for the \fIdvilualatex\fR program (specified in the variable
+\fI$dvilualatex\fR) when silent mode is on.
+
+See details of the \fI$latex_silent_switch\fR for other information
+that equally applies to \fI$dvilualatex_silent_switch\fR.
+
+.TP
 .B $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
 The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.
 [Under MS-Windows the default is "start"; then \fIlatexmk\fR arranges to
@@ -2461,7 +2525,9 @@
 If you use a version of *latex that doesn't support -aux-directory, e.g.,
 TeXLive, latexmk will automatically switch aux_dir emulation on after the
 first run of *latex, because it will find the .log file in the wrong
-place.
+place.  But it is better to set \fI$emulate_aux\fR to 1 in an rc file, or
+equivalently to use the \fB-emulate-aux-dir\fR option. This emulation mode
+works equally well with MiKTeX.
 
 Aux_directory emulation means that when *latex is invoked, the \fIoutput\fR
 directory provided to *latex is set to be the aux_dir. After that, any
@@ -2704,9 +2770,9 @@
 
 	$latex = "latex --src-specials %O %S";
 
-To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR,
-\fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section "Advanced
-Configuration".
+To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR,
+\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section
+"Advanced Configuration".
 
 .TP
 .B %latex_input_extensions
@@ -2790,9 +2856,9 @@
 the LaTeX processing program that is to be used when the \fIlualatex\fR
 program is called for (e.g., by the option \fB-lualatex\fR.
 
-To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR,
-\fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section "Advanced
-Configuration".
+To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR,
+\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section
+"Advanced Configuration".
 
 .TP
 .B %lualatex_input_extensions
@@ -2938,9 +3004,10 @@
 variables for the use of \fIlualatex\fR or \fIxelatex\fR.  See
 \fI$lualatex\fR and \fI$xelatex\fR.)
 
-To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR,
-\fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section "Advanced
-Configuration".
+To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR,
+\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section
+"Advanced Configuration".
+
 .TP
 .B %pdflatex_input_extensions
 This variable specifies the extensions tried by \fIlatexmk\fR when it finds
@@ -3195,7 +3262,7 @@
 After initialization, whether to give a list of the RC files read.
 .TP
 .B $recorder [1]
-Whether to use the \fB-recorder\fR option to \fI(latex\fR
+Whether to use the \fB-recorder\fR option to \fI*latex\fR.
 Use of this option results in a file of extension
 \fI.fls\fR containing a list of the files that these programs have
 read and written.  \fILatexmk\fR will then use this file to improve
@@ -3356,6 +3423,10 @@
 commands isn't set.)
 
 .TP
+.B $xdv_mode [0]
+If one, generate an xdv version of the document by use of xelatex.  
+
+.TP
 .B $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -E -o %D %O %S"]
 
 The program to make a pdf file from an xdv file (used in conjunction
@@ -3380,9 +3451,9 @@
 \fIlatexmk\fR makes a .xdv file rather than a .pdf file when \fIxelatex\fR
 is used.
 
-To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR,
-\fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section "Advanced
-Configuration".
+To do a coordinated setting of all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR,
+\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR, see the section
+"Advanced Configuration".
 
 .TP
 .B %xelatex_input_extensions
@@ -3824,7 +3895,8 @@
 
 .SS Coordinated Setting of Commands for *latex
 
-To set all of \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and
+To set all of \fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$latex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR,
+\fI$lualatex\fR, and 
 \fI$xelatex\fR to a common pattern, you can use one of the following
 subroutines, std_tex_cmds, alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.
 
@@ -3833,16 +3905,16 @@
    &std_tex_cmds;
 
 This results in \fI$latex = 'latex %O %S'\fR, and similarly for
-\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR.  Note the
-ampersand in the invocation; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine
-is being called.
+\fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR.
+Note the ampersand in the invocation; this indicates to Perl that a
+subroutine is being called.
 
    &alt_tex_cmds;
 
 This results in \fI$latex = 'latex %O %P'\fR, and similarly for
-\fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR.  Note the
-ampersand in the invocation; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine
-is being called.
+\fI$dvilualatex\fR, \fI$pdflatex\fR, \fI$lualatex\fR, and \fI$xelatex\fR.
+Note the ampersand in the invocation; this indicates to Perl that a
+subroutine is being called.
 
   set_tex_cmds( CMD_SPEC );
 
@@ -3987,9 +4059,23 @@
 Thus we now have a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
 delegated to \fImake\fR.  
 
+.SH NON_ASCII CHARACTERS IN FILENAMES, RC FILES, ETC
+
+Modern operating systems and file systems allow non-ASCII characters in
+the names of files and directories that encompass the full Unicode range.
+Mostly, \fIlatexmk\fR deals with these correctly.  However, there are some
+situations in which there are problems, notably on Microsoft Windows.
+Prior to version 4.77, \fIlatexmk\fR had problems with non-ASCII filenames
+on Windows, even though there were no corresponding problems on macOS and
+Linux.  These problems are corrected in the present version.  
+
+\fBDETAILS TO BE FILLED IN\fR
+
+
 .SH SEE ALSO
 latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).
-.SH BUGS
+
+.SH BUGS (SELECTED)
 Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file
 after its creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work
 around: manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other
@@ -4018,7 +4104,7 @@
 harvested too easily.)
 .SH AUTHOR
 Current version, by John Collins 
-(Version 4.77).
+(Version 4.78).
 Report bugs etc to his e-mail (jcc8 at psu.edu).
 
 Released version can be obtained from CTAN:

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.man1.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/CHANGES
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/CHANGES	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/CHANGES	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -785,7 +785,8 @@
 
 From v. 4.75 to 4.76
   In fdb_latexmk file, sort generated file list by name.
-  If nothing is done in a rerun, don't do the unnecessary rewrite of fdb_latexmk file.
+  If nothing is done in a rerun, don't do the unnecessary rewrite of
+     fdb_latexmk file.
   Improve some diagnostics.
   Add /etc to list of locations for system rc files (with Unix-like OSs).
 
@@ -804,3 +805,16 @@
     used, thereby reducing misparses of information in log file.
   Reinstate Windows batch file for running latexmk, now called latexmk.cmd.
 
+From v. 4.77 to 4.78
+  Option -dvilua to generate dvi file by lualatex
+  Option -xdv to generate xdv file by xelatex
+  To support these, change in definition of $dvi_mode, and new variables
+     $dvilualatex, $xdv_mode.
+  Bug corrections etc.
+  Configuration variable $bad_warnings_as_error to allow certain bad warnings
+     in log file (e.g., '\end inside ...') to be treated by latexmk as if
+     *latex had reported an actual error.
+  On MS-Windows, correctly handle non-ASCII names for file and directory
+    variables set in rc files.
+  Other improvements in treatment of non-ASCII characters in filenames.
+

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/INSTALL
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/INSTALL	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/INSTALL	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
             INSTALLING latexmk
             ==================
-      (Version 4.77, 17 Mar. 2022)
+      (Version 4.78, 18 Nov. 2022)
 
             John Collins
             Physics Department

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/README
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/README	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/README	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Latexmk, version 4.77, 17 Mar 2022
+Latexmk, version 4.78, 18 Nov 2022
 ----------------------------------
 
 Latexmk completely automates the process of generating a LaTeX

Deleted: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/fix-aux.latexmkrc
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/fix-aux.latexmkrc	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/fix-aux.latexmkrc	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-# This shows how to implement the use of different values for $aux_dir and
-# $out_dir when the latex (etc) engines don't support the -aux-directory
-# option.  (Of the standard distributions, MiKTeX supports -aux-directory,
-# but TeXLive does not.)
-
-# !!!IMPORTANT: THIS CONFIGURATION IS NO LONGER NECESSARY. From V. 4.74b onwards,
-#    latexmk can handle the aux_dir isssue itself --- see the documentation on the
-#    $emulate_aux variable.
-
-
-foreach my $cmd ('latex', 'lualatex', 'pdflatex', 'xelatex' ) {
-    ${$cmd} = "internal latex_fix_aux $cmd %O %S";
-}
-$xelatex  =~ s/%O/-no-pdf %O/;
-
-
-#---------------------------
-
-sub latex_fix_aux {
-  # Fudge to allow use of -aux_directory option with non-MiKTeX system.
-  # This subroutine is called to do a compilation by one of latex, pdflatex,
-  # etc.  It's arguments are the command name, and the command-line arguments,
-  # including possible uses of the options -aux-directory, -output-directory.
-  # Functioning:
-  # 1. Obtain the values of the aux and output directories from the options
-  #    on the command line, with appropriate defaults if one or both options
-  #    is not used.
-  # 2. Change the command line (a) to avoid the use of the -aux-directory
-  #    option, and (b) to use the -output-directory to get all output
-  #    sent to the intended aux-directory.  If neither an  -aux-directory
-  #    nor an -output-directory option is used, no change is made to the
-  #    command line.
-  # 3. Run the command.
-  # 4. If the aux and output directories are different, move any of the dvi,
-  #    fls, pdf, ps and synctex.gz files that are present in the intended aux
-  #    directory to the intended output directory.
-  # N.B. It might seem more appropriate to keep the fls file in the aux
-  #    directory.  But MiKTeX puts it in the output directory, so we must do
-  #    the same to copy its behavior.
-  #    It might also seem appropriate for an xdv file to go in the output
-  #    directory, like a dvi file.  But xelatex under MiKTeX puts it in the
-  #    aux directory, so we must copy that behavior.
-
-  my @move_exts = ('dvi', 'fls', 'pdf', 'ps', 'synctex.gz' );
-
-  # Determine aux and output directories from command line:
-  my $auxD = '';
-  my $outD = '';
-  foreach (@_) {
-     if ( /^-{1,2}aux-directory=(.*)$/ ) {
-        $auxD = $1;
-     }
-     elsif ( /^-{1,2}output-directory=(.*)$/ ) {
-        $outD = $1;
-     }
-  }
-  if ( $outD eq '' ) { $outD = '.'; }
-  if ( $auxD eq '' ) { $auxD = $outD; }
-
-# Construct modified command line, with at most one occurrence of -output-directory
-  my @args_act = ();
-  my $set_outD = 0;
-  foreach (@_) {
-     if ( /^-{1,2}(aux|output)-directory=.*$/ ) {
-        if ( ! $set_outD ) {
-	   push @args_act, "-output-directory=$auxD";
-	   $set_outD = 1;
-	}
-     }
-     else {
-        push @args_act, $_;
-     }
-  }
-
-# Construct strings for aux and output directories that are suitable
-# for prepending to a file name, so that they have any necessary
-# directory separators:
-  my $outD1 = $outD;
-  my $auxD1 = $auxD;
-  foreach ( $auxD1, $outD1 ) {
-     # Append directory separator '/', but only for a non-empty name
-     # that isn't simple an MSWin drive name.
-     if ( ($_ ne '')  && ! m([\\/\:]$) ) {
-        $_ .= '/';
-     }
-     # Clean up by removing any sequence of './'. These refer to
-     # current directory.
-     while ( s[^\.\/][] ) {}
-   }
-
-  print "Running: '@args_act'\n";
-  my $ret = system @args_act;
-  if ($auxD ne $outD) {
-     print "Move @move_exts files from '$auxD' to '$outD'\n";
-     # Use copy and unlink, not rename, since some viewers appear to keep the
-     # viewed file open.  So if rename were used, such viewers would see the
-     # old version of the file, rather than the new one.  With copy, the
-     # contents of the old file are normally overwritten by the new contents.
-     #
-     # In addition, copy works across file system boundaries, but rename
-     # doesn't.
-     foreach my $ext (@move_exts) {
-        copy "$auxD1$root_filename.$ext", "$outD1$root_filename.$ext";
-        unlink "$auxD1$root_filename.$ext";
-     }
-  }
-  return $ret;
-}
-
-#---------------------------

Added: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/glossary_latexmkrc
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/glossary_latexmkrc	                        (rev 0)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles/glossary_latexmkrc	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# This shows how to use the glossaries package
+# (http://www.ctan.org/pkg/glossaries) and the glossaries-extra package
+# (http://www.ctan.org/pkg/glossaries-extra) with latexmk.
+
+# N.B. There is also the OBSOLETE glossary package
+# (http://www.ctan.org/pkg/glossary), which has some differences.  See item 2.
+
+# 1. If you use the glossaries or the glossaries-extra package, then you can use:
+
+   add_cus_dep( 'acn', 'acr', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
+   add_cus_dep( 'glo', 'gls', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
+   $clean_ext .= " acr acn alg glo gls glg";
+
+   sub makeglossaries {
+        my ($base_name, $path) = fileparse( $_[0] );
+        my @args = ( "-q", "-d", $path, $base_name );
+        if ($silent) { unshift @args, "-q"; }
+        return system "makeglossaries", "-d", $path, $base_name; 
+    }
+
+# 2. The above will tend to run makeglossaries more often than needed, since
+#    each out of date file will trigger the use of makeglossaries, even
+#    though makeglossaries makes all the glossaries.  The following solution
+#    solves this, but at the expense of not having the convenience that
+#    makeglossaries can change how it makes the glossaries depending on the
+#    settings of the glossaries package.
+#    A better solution will need more advanced work.
+#
+#   add_cus_dep( 'acn', 'acr', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
+#   add_cus_dep( 'glo', 'gls', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
+#   $clean_ext .= " acr acn alg glo gls glg";
+#
+#   sub makeglossaries {
+#       my @args = ( "-s", "$_[0].ist", "-t", "$$Psource.ilg",
+#                    "-o", $$Pdest, $$Psource );
+#       if ($silent) { unshift @args, "-q"; }
+#       return system "makeindex", @args;
+#   }
+

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               1
+                               18 November 2022                              1
 
 
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               2
+                               18 November 2022                              2
 
 
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               3
+                               18 November 2022                              3
 
 
 
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@
 
        -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
               Sets  the  directory for auxiliary output files of *latex (.aux,
-              .log etc).  This achieves its effect by the  -aux-directory  op-
-              tion  of *latex, which currently is only implemented on the MiK-
-              TeX version of *latex.
+              .log etc).  See the description of the  $aux_dir  variable,  the
+              -emulate-aux-dir,  and  the $emulate_aux variables for some com-
+              plications in using this option with the TeX Live distribution.
 
               See  also  the  -outdir/-output-directory   options,   and   the
               $aux_dir,  $out_dir,  and  $search_path_separator  configuration
@@ -243,23 +243,23 @@
 
 
        -bibtex-cond
-              When  the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography, run
-              bibtex or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but  only
-              if  the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files are
-              not available, bibtex or biber  is  not  run,  thereby  avoiding
-              overwriting  of  the bbl file(s).  Also, always treat .bbl files
-              as precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.
+              When  the  source  file uses a bbl file for the bibliography and
+              bibtex is used to  generate  the  bibliography,  run  bibtex  as
+              needed  to  regenerate  the  bbl  files only if the relevant bib
+              file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib  file(s)  are  not  available,
+              bibtex is not run, thereby avoiding overwriting of the bbl file.
+              Also, always treat .bbl files as precious, i.e., do  not  delete
+              them in a cleanup operation.
 
-              This is the default setting.  It can also be configured by  set-
+              This  is the default setting.  It can also be configured by set-
               ting the $bibtex_use variable to 1 in a configuration file.
 
-              The  reason for using this setting is that sometimes a .bbl file
-              is available containing the bibliography for a document, but the
-              .bib  file  is  not  available.   An  example  would  be  for  a
+              The reason for using this setting is first  to  allow  automatic
+              switching between the use and non-use of bibtex depending on the
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               4
+                               18 November 2022                              4
 
 
 
@@ -268,25 +268,19 @@
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              scientific journal where authors submit .tex and .bbl files, but
-              not  the  original  .bib  file.  In that case, running bibtex or
-              biber would not work, and the .bbl file should be treated  as  a
-              user  source  file, and not as a file that can be regenerated on
-              demand.
+              existence or not of a bib file.  In  addition,  when  submitting
+              articles  to  a  scientific journal, it is common to submit only
+              .tex and .bbl files (plus graphics files), but not a .bib  file.
+              Hence  it  is  often  useful  to treat .bbl files as true source
+              files, that should be preserved under a clean up operation.
 
-              (Note that it is possible for latexmk to  decide  that  the  bib
-              file  does  not  exist,  even though the bib file does exist and
-              bibtex or biber finds it.  The problem is that the bib file  may
-              not  be  in  the  current directory but in some search path; the
-              places latexmk and bibtex or biber cause to be searched need not
-              be  identical.   On modern installations of TeX and related pro-
-              grams this problem should not  arise,  since  latexmk  uses  the
-              kpsewhich program to do the search, and kpsewhich should use the
-              same search path as bibtex and biber.  If this  problem  arises,
-              use the -bibtex option when invoking latexmk.)
+              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
+              variable to 1 in a configuration file.
 
-              Note that this value does not work properly if the document uses
-              biber instead of bibtex.  (There's a long story why not.)
+              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
+              option does not currently prevent biber from being run.  See the
+              documentation  on  $bibtex_use for more details.  However, a bbl
+              file is treated as precious.
 
 
        -bibtex-cond1
@@ -293,39 +287,45 @@
               The same as -bibtex-cond except that .bbl files are only treated
               as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.
 
-              Thus  if all the bib files exist, bibtex or biber is run to gen-
-              erate .bbl files as needed, and then it is appropriate to delete
-              the bbl files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-gener-
-              ated.
+              Thus  if all the bib files exist, bibtex is run to generate .bbl
+              files as needed, and then it is appropriate to  delete  the  bbl
+              files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-generated.
 
-              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
+              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
               variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.
 
+              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
+              option does not currently prevent biber from being run.  See the
+              documentation on $bibtex_use for more details.
 
+
        -bibtexfudge or -bibfudge
-              Turn  on  the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
+              Turn on the change-directory fudge for bibtex.   See  documenta-
               tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.
 
 
        -bibtexfudge- or -bibfudge-
-              Turn off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See  documenta-
+              Turn  off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
               tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.
 
 
        -bm <message>
-              A  banner message to print diagonally across each page when con-
-              verting the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a  sin-
+              A banner message to print diagonally across each page when  con-
+              verting  the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a sin-
               gle argument on the command line so be careful with quoting spa-
               ces and such.
 
-              Note that if the -bm option is specified, the -ps option is  as-
+              Note  that if the -bm option is specified, the -ps option is as-
               sumed.
 
 
+       -bi <intensity>
+              How dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number  between
+              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               5
+                               18 November 2022                              5
 
 
 
@@ -334,17 +334,14 @@
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-       -bi <intensity>
-              How  dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between
-              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
               is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.
 
 
        -bs <scale>
-              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
-              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
-              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
-              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
+              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
+              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
+              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
+              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
               message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
               ter messages.
 
@@ -356,139 +353,140 @@
 
        -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
               bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
-              a  combination  of log files, aux files, latexmk's database file
-              of source file information, and those with extensions  specified
-              in  the  @generated_exts  configuration  variable.  In addition,
+              a combination of log files, aux files, latexmk's  database  file
+              of  source file information, and those with extensions specified
+              in the @generated_exts  configuration  variable.   In  addition,
               files specified by the $clean_ext and @generated_exts configura-
               tion variables are removed.
 
-              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
+              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
               if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.
 
-              Treatment of .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or  1,  bbl
-              files  are  always treated as non-regeneratable.  If $bibtex_use
+              Treatment  of  .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or 1, bbl
+              files are always treated as non-regeneratable.   If  $bibtex_use
               is set to 1.5, bbl files are counted as non-regeneratable condi-
-              tionally:  If the bib file exists, then bbl files are regenerat-
-              able, and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is  1.5
-              and  a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated as
+              tionally: If the bib file exists, then bbl files are  regenerat-
+              able,  and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is 1.5
+              and a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated  as
               non-regeneratable and hence are not deleted.
 
-              In contrast, if $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl  files  are  always
+              In  contrast,  if  $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl files are always
               treated as regeneratable, and are deleted in a cleanup.
 
-              Treatment   of   files  generated  by  custom  dependencies:  If
-              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated  is  nonzero,   regeneratable
-              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
-              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
+              Treatment  of  files  generated  by  custom   dependencies:   If
+              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated   is  nonzero,  regeneratable
+              files are considered as including those generated by custom  de-
+              pendencies  and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not
               deleted.
 
 
        -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
               bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the -c option with the ad-
-              dition  of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified in
+              dition of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified  in
               the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.
 
+              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
+              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               6
 
+                               18 November 2022                              6
 
 
 
 
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
-              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.
-
-              See  the  -c option for the specification of whether or not .bbl
+              See the -c option for the specification of whether or  not  .bbl
               files are treated as non-regeneratable or regeneratable.
 
-              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
-              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
-              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
+              If  $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero, regeneratable
+              files are considered as including those generated by custom  de-
+              pendencies  and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not
               deleted.
 
 
-       -CA    (Obsolete).   Now  equivalent to the -C option.  See that option
+       -CA    (Obsolete).  Now equivalent to the -C option.  See  that  option
               for details.
 
 
-       -cd    Change to the directory containing the main source  file  before
-              processing  it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi,
+       -cd    Change  to  the directory containing the main source file before
+              processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,  .dvi,
               .pdf, etc) will be relative to the source file.
 
-              This option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked  from
-              a  GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for the
+              This  option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked from
+              a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for  the
               source file.
 
-              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
-              to  one;  you can set that variable if you want to configure la-
+              This  option  works by setting the $do_cd configuration variable
+              to one; you can set that variable if you want to  configure  la-
               texmk to have the effect of the -cd option without specifying it
               on the command line.  See the documentation for that variable.
 
 
-       -cd-   Do  NOT  change to the directory containing the main source file
+       -cd-   Do NOT change to the directory containing the main  source  file
               before processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,
-              .dvi,  .pdf,  etc)  will  be  relative  to the current directory
+              .dvi, .pdf, etc) will  be  relative  to  the  current  directory
               rather than the source file.
 
-              This is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior  of
+              This  is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior of
               the *latex programs.  However, it is not desirable behavior when
-              latexmk is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with  a
+              latexmk  is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a
               full pathname for the source file.  See the -cd option.
 
-              This  option  works by setting the $do_cd configuration variable
-              to zero.  See the documentation for that variable for  more  in-
+              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
+              to  zero.   See the documentation for that variable for more in-
               formation.
 
 
-       -CF    Remove  the file containing the database of source file informa-
+       -CF    Remove the file containing the database of source file  informa-
               tion, before doing the other actions requested.
 
 
-       -d     Set draft mode.  This prints the banner message  "DRAFT"  across
-              your  page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size and
+       -d     Set  draft  mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across
+              your page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size  and
               intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
-              option  will override this option as this is really just a short
+              option will override this option as this is really just a  short
               way of specifying:
 
+                   latexmk -bm DRAFT
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               7
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                              7
 
 
 
+
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-                   latexmk -bm DRAFT
-
-              Note that if the -d option is specified, the -ps option  is  as-
+              Note  that  if the -d option is specified, the -ps option is as-
               sumed.
 
 
        -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
-              form of a dependency list of the form used by the make  program,
+              form  of a dependency list of the form used by the make program,
               and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
               overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
               well as latexmk can determine them.
 
-              By  default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout (i.e.,
-              normally to the screen unless you've redirected  latexmk's  out-
+              By default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout  (i.e.,
+              normally  to  the screen unless you've redirected latexmk's out-
               put). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
               -deps-out= option.
 
-              See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of  how
+              See  the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of how
               to use a dependency list with make.
 
-              Users  familiar  with  GNU  automake  and gcc will find that the
-              -deps option is very similar in its purpose and results  to  the
-              -M  option  to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options -M, -MF,
+              Users familiar with GNU automake and  gcc  will  find  that  the
+              -deps  option  is very similar in its purpose and results to the
+              -M option to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options  -M,  -MF,
               and -MP options that behave like those of gcc.)
 
 
@@ -496,7 +494,7 @@
               Equivalent to -deps.
 
 
-       -deps- Do not show a list of dependent files after  processing.   (This
+       -deps- Do  not  show a list of dependent files after processing.  (This
               is the default.)
 
 
@@ -505,59 +503,64 @@
 
 
        -deps-out=FILENAME
-              Set  the  filename to which the list of dependent files is writ-
-              ten.  If the FILENAME argument is omitted or set  to  "-",  then
+              Set the filename to which the list of dependent files  is  writ-
+              ten.   If  the  FILENAME argument is omitted or set to "-", then
               the output is sent to stdout.
 
-              Use  of  this option also turns on the output of the list of de-
+              Use of this option also turns on the output of the list  of  de-
               pendent files after processing.
 
 
-       -dF    Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this  option  is  a  filter
-              which  will  generate  a  filtered  dvi  file with the extension
-              ".dviF".  All extra processing (e.g. conversion  to  postscript,
-              preview,  printing)  will then be performed on this filtered dvi
+       -dF    Dvi  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a filter
+              which will generate a  filtered  dvi  file  with  the  extension
+              ".dviF".   All  extra processing (e.g. conversion to postscript,
+              preview, printing) will then be performed on this  filtered  dvi
               file.
 
               Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
+              the dvi file:
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               8
 
+                               18 November 2022                              8
 
 
 
 
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              the dvi file:
-
                    latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex
 
 
        -diagnostics
-              Print  detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for de-
-              bugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior  in  diffi-
+              Print detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for  de-
+              bugging  problems  or to understand latexmk's behavior in diffi-
               cult situations.
 
 
        -dir-report
-              For  each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and out
-              directories, after they have been normalized from  the  settings
-              specified  during  initialization.  See  the  description of the
+              For each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and  out
+              directories,  after  they have been normalized from the settings
+              specified during initialization.  See  the  description  of  the
               variable $aux_out_dir_report for more details.
 
 
        -dir-report-
-              Do not report the settings for aux and  out  directories.   (De-
+              Do  not  report  the settings for aux and out directories.  (De-
               fault)
 
 
-       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.
+       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document using latex.
 
 
+       -dvilua
+              Generate dvi version of document using lualatex instead  of  la-
+              tex.
+
+
        -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
               overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
               is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
@@ -564,50 +567,61 @@
               is requested.)
 
 
+       -dvilualatex="COMMAND"
+              This sets the string specifying the command to run dvi lualatex.
+              It  behaves  like  the  -pdflatex  option, but sets the variable
+              $dvilualatex.
+
+              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
+              sets  the  command for invoking dvilualatex; it does not turn on
+              the use of dvilualatex. That is done by other options or  in  an
+              initialization file.
+
+
        -e <code>
-              Execute the specified  initialization  code  before  processing.
-              The  code  is Perl code of the same form as is used in latexmk's
-              initialization files.  For more details, see the information  on
-              the  -r option, and the section about "Configuration/initializa-
-              tion (RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence  of  assign-
+              Execute  the  specified  initialization  code before processing.
+              The code is Perl code of the same form as is used  in  latexmk's
+              initialization  files.  For more details, see the information on
+              the -r option, and the section about  "Configuration/initializa-
+              tion  (RC)  files".  The code is typically a sequence of assign-
               ment statements separated by semicolons.
 
-              The  code  is  executed when the -e option is encountered during
-              latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for  a
-              way  of executing initialization code from a file.  An error re-
-              sults in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and  -e
-              options can be used, and they are executed in the order they ap-
-              pear on the command line.
 
-              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
-              acters  in  the  code on the command line.  For example, suppose
-              you want to set the latex command to use its  -shell-escape  op-
-              tion, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line
 
-                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex
 
+                               18 November 2022                              9
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                               9
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+              The code is executed when the -e option  is  encountered  during
+              latexmk's  parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for a
+              way of executing initialization code from a file.  An error  re-
+              sults  in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and -e
+              options can be used, and they are executed in the order they ap-
+              pear on the command line.
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
+              acters in the code on the command line.   For  example,  suppose
+              you  want  to set the latex command to use its -shell-escape op-
+              tion, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line
 
+                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex
 
-              Note  that  the  single  quotes  block normal UNIX/Linux command
-              shells from treating the characters inside the  quotes  as  spe-
-              cial.   (In  this  example, the q/.../ construct is a Perl idiom
-              equivalent to using single quotes.  This  avoids  the  complica-
-              tions  of  getting  a  quote  character inside an already quoted
-              string in a way that is independent of both the  shell  and  the
+              Note that the single  quotes  block  normal  UNIX/Linux  command
+              shells  from  treating  the characters inside the quotes as spe-
+              cial.  (In this example, the q/.../ construct is  a  Perl  idiom
+              equivalent  to  using  single quotes.  This avoids the complica-
+              tions of getting a quote  character  inside  an  already  quoted
+              string  in  a  way that is independent of both the shell and the
               operating-system.)
 
-              The  above  command  line  will  NOT  work under MS-Windows with
-              cmd.exe or command.com or 4nt.exe.  For  MS-Windows  with  these
+              The above command line  will  NOT  work  under  MS-Windows  with
+              cmd.exe  or  command.com  or 4nt.exe.  For MS-Windows with these
               command shells you could use
 
                    latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex
@@ -616,18 +630,18 @@
 
                    latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex
 
-              The  last  two  examples  will  NOT work with UNIX/Linux command
+              The last two examples will  NOT  work  with  UNIX/Linux  command
               shells.
 
-              (Note: the above examples show are to show how to use the -e  to
-              specify  initialization code to be executed.  But the particular
+              (Note:  the above examples show are to show how to use the -e to
+              specify initialization code to be executed.  But the  particular
               effect can be achieved also by the use of the -latex option with
               less problems in dealing with quoting.)
 
 
        -emulate-aux-dir
-              Emulate  -aux-directory instead of leaving it to the *latex pro-
-              grams to do it.  (MiKTeX supports  -aux-directory,  but  TeXLive
+              Emulate -aux-directory instead of leaving it to the *latex  pro-
+              grams  to  do  it.  (MiKTeX supports -aux-directory, but TeXLive
               doesn't.)
 
               For more details see the explanation for the configuration vari-
@@ -635,49 +649,49 @@
 
 
        -emulate-aux-dir-
-              Turn off emulatation -aux-directory and leave it to  the  *latex
+              Turn  off  emulatation -aux-directory and leave it to the *latex
               program to handle the case that aux_dir is not equal to out_dir.
-              Note that if you use TeXLive, which doesn't support  -aux-direc-
-              tory, latexmk will automatically switch aux_dir emulation on af-
-              ter the first run of *latex, because it will find the .log  file
-              in the wrong place.
+              Note  that  if  you  use  TeXLive,  which  doesn't support -aux-
 
 
-       -f     Force  latexmk  to  continue document processing despite errors.
-              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
-              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
-              no further processing is carried out.
 
-              Note: "Further processing" means the running of  other  programs
-              or  the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no errors
-              had occurred.  If instead, or additionally, you want  the  latex
-              (etc)  program  not  to pause for user input after an error, you
+                               18 November 2022                             10
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              10
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+              directory, latexmk will automatically switch  aux_dir  emulation
+              on  after the first run of *latex, because it will find the .log
+              file in the wrong place.
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
+       -f     Force latexmk to continue document  processing  despite  errors.
+              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
+              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
+              no further processing is carried out.
 
-              should arrange this by an option that is passed to the  program,
-              e.g.,  by  latexmk's  option -interaction=nonstopmode (which la-
+              Note:  "Further  processing" means the running of other programs
+              or the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no  errors
+              had  occurred.   If instead, or additionally, you want the latex
+              (etc) program not to pause for user input after  an  error,  you
+              should  arrange this by an option that is passed to the program,
+              e.g., by latexmk's option  -interaction=nonstopmode  (which  la-
               texmk passes to *latex).
 
 
        -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
-              -f  option.   This could be used to override a setting in a con-
+              -f option.  This could be used to override a setting in  a  con-
               figuration file.
 
 
-       -g     Force latexmk to process document fully, even  under  situations
-              where  latexmk  would  normally  decide  that  no changes in the
-              source files have occurred since the previous run.  This  option
-              is  useful,  for example, if you change some options and wish to
+       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
+              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
+              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
+              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
               reprocess the files.
 
 
@@ -693,45 +707,46 @@
 
 
        -jobname=STRING
-              Set  the  basename  of output files(s) to STRING, instead of the
-              default, which is the basename of the specified TeX  file.   (At
+              Set the basename of output files(s) to STRING,  instead  of  the
+              default,  which  is the basename of the specified TeX file.  (At
               present, STRING should not contain spaces.)
 
-              This  is like the same option for current implementations of the
+              This is like the same option for current implementations of  the
               *latex, and the passing of this option to these programs is part
               of latexmk's implementation of -jobname.
 
               There is one enhancement, that the STRING may contain the place-
               holder '%A'. This will be substituted by the basename of the TeX
-              file.   The primary purpose is when multiple files are specified
-              on the command line to latexmk, and you wish to  use  a  jobname
-              with  a different file-dependent value for each file.  For exam-
-              ple, suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex, and you
-              wished to compare the results of compilation by *latex and those
-              with xelatex.  Then under a unix-type operating system you could
-              use the command line
+              file.  The primary purpose is when multiple files are  specified
 
-                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%A-pdflatex *.tex
-                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%A-xelatex *.tex
 
-              Then  the  .aux,  .log,  and .pdf files from the use of pdflatex
-              would have basenames test1-pdflatex  and  test2-pdflatex,  while
-              from xelatex, the basenames would be test1-xelatex and test2-xe-
-              latex.
 
+                               18 November 2022                             11
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              11
 
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+              on  the  command  line to latexmk, and you wish to use a jobname
+              with a different file-dependent value for each file.  For  exam-
+              ple, suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex, and you
+              wished to compare the results of compilation by *latex and those
+              with xelatex.  Then under a unix-type operating system you could
+              use the command line
 
+                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%A-pdflatex *.tex
+                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%A-xelatex *.tex
 
+              Then the .aux, .log, and .pdf files from  the  use  of  pdflatex
+              would  have  basenames  test1-pdflatex and test2-pdflatex, while
+              from xelatex, the basenames would be test1-xelatex and test2-xe-
+              latex.
+
               Under MS-Windows with cmd.exe, you would need to double the per-
-              cent  sign,  so  that the percent character is passed to latexmk
+              cent sign, so that the percent character is  passed  to  latexmk
               rather than being used to substitute an environment variable:
 
                   latexmk -pdf -jobname=%%A-pdflatex *.tex
@@ -739,8 +754,8 @@
 
 
        -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
-              ers  and  the  dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not
-              normally needed nowadays, since current previewers normally  de-
+              ers and the dvi to postscript converters.  This  option  is  not
+              normally  needed nowadays, since current previewers normally de-
               termine this information automatically.
 
 
@@ -747,57 +762,57 @@
        -l-    Turn off -l.
 
 
-       -latex This  sets  the  generation of dvi files by latex, and turns off
+       -latex This sets the generation of dvi files by latex,  and  turns  off
               the generation of pdf and ps files.
 
-              Note: to set the command used when latex is specified,  see  the
+              Note:  to  set the command used when latex is specified, see the
               -latex="COMMAND" option.
 
 
        -latex="COMMAND"
               This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
-              typically used to add desired options.  Since  the  string  nor-
+              typically  used  to  add desired options.  Since the string nor-
               mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,
 
                    latexmk -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex
 
-              The  specification of the contents of the string are the same as
-              for the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your  oper-
-              ating  system  and the command-line shell you are using, you may
-              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
+              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
+              for  the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your oper-
+              ating system and the command-line shell you are using,  you  may
+              need  to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
               else).
 
-              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
+              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
               sets the command for invoking latex; it does not turn on the use
-              of  latex. That is done by other options or in an initialization
-              file.
 
-              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
-              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.
 
 
-       -logfilewarninglist
-              -logfilewarnings  After a run of *latex, give a list of warnings
-              about undefined citations and references (unless silent mode  is
-              on).
+                               18 November 2022                             12
 
-              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.
 
 
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              12
 
+              of latex. That is done by other options or in an  initialization
+              file.
 
+              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
+              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.
 
 
+       -logfilewarninglist
+              -logfilewarnings After a run of *latex, give a list of  warnings
+              about  undefined citations and references (unless silent mode is
+              on).
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.
 
 
        -logfilewarninglist-
-              -logfilewarnings-  After  a run of *latex, do not give a list of
+              -logfilewarnings- After a run of *latex, do not give a  list  of
               warnings about undefined citations and references.  (Default)
 
               See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.
@@ -804,8 +819,8 @@
 
 
        -lualatex
-              Use lualatex.  That is,  use  lualatex  to  process  the  source
-              file(s)  to  pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript files is
+              Use  lualatex.   That  is,  use  lualatex  to process the source
+              file(s) to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is
               turned off.
 
               This option is equivalent to using the following set of options
@@ -812,8 +827,8 @@
 
                    -pdflua -dvi- -ps-
 
-              (Note: Note that the method of implementation  of  this  option,
-              but  not  its intended effect, differ from some earlier versions
+              (Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
+              but not its intended effect, differ from some  earlier  versions
               of latexmk.)
 
 
@@ -822,59 +837,57 @@
               behaves like the -pdflatex option, but sets the variable $luala-
               tex.
 
-              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
-              sets  the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on the
+              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
+              sets the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on  the
               use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
               ization file.
 
 
-       -M     Show  list of dependent files after processing.  This is equiva-
+       -M     Show list of dependent files after processing.  This is  equiva-
               lent to the -deps option.
 
 
        -MF file
-              If a list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the  file  to
+              If  a  list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the file to
               write it to.
 
 
-       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
-              source file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile,  the
-              dummy rules work around errors the program make gives if you re-
-              move header files without updating the Makefile to match.
 
+                               18 November 2022                             13
 
-       -makeindexfudge
-              Turn on the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See  documen-
-              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.
 
 
-       -makeindexfudge-
-              Turn   off   the  change-directory  fudge  for  makeindex.   See
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              13
 
+       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
+              source  file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile, the
+              dummy rules work around errors the program make gives if you re-
+              move header files without updating the Makefile to match.
 
 
+       -makeindexfudge
+              Turn  on the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
+              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+       -makeindexfudge-
+              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
+              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.
 
 
-              documentation of $makeindex_fudge for details.
-
-
        -MSWinBackSlash
               This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
               Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
-              dows, the Windows standard directory separator "\"  is  used  to
-              separate  directory  components in a file name.  Internally, la-
-              texmk uses "/" for the directory separator character,  which  is
+              dows,  the  Windows  standard directory separator "\" is used to
+              separate directory components in a file name.   Internally,  la-
+              texmk  uses  "/" for the directory separator character, which is
               the character used by Unix-like systems.
 
               This is the default behavior.  However the default may have been
-              overridden by a configuration file (latexmkrc file)  which  sets
+              overridden  by  a configuration file (latexmkrc file) which sets
               $MSWin_back_slash=0.
 
 
@@ -881,8 +894,8 @@
        -MSWinBackSlash-
               This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
               Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
-              dows,  the  substitution  of "\" for the separator character be-
-              tween directory components of a file name is not  done.  Instead
+              dows, the substitution of "\" for the  separator  character  be-
+              tween  directory  components of a file name is not done. Instead
               the forward slash "/" is used, the same as on Unix-like systems.
               This is acceptable in most situations under MS-Windows, provided
               that filenames are properly quoted, as latexmk does by default.
@@ -892,42 +905,44 @@
 
 
        -new-viewer
-              When in continuous-preview mode, always start a  new  viewer  to
-              view  the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in continu-
-              ous-preview mode, test for a previously  running  previewer  for
+              When  in  continuous-preview  mode, always start a new viewer to
+              view the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in  continu-
+              ous-preview  mode,  test  for a previously running previewer for
               the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
               running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
-              an  already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the same
-              name as the current file, but in a different  directory).   This
+              an already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the  same
+              name  as  the current file, but in a different directory).  This
               option turns off the default behavior.
 
 
-       -new-viewer-
-              The  inverse  of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk in its
-              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
-              already-running previewer.
 
 
-       -nobibtex
-              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.
 
 
-       -nobibtexfudge or -nobibfudge
-              Turn  off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
-              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.
+                               18 November 2022                             14
 
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              14
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+       -new-viewer-
+              The inverse of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk  in  its
+              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
+              already-running previewer.
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+       -nobibtex
+              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.
 
 
+       -nobibtexfudge or -nobibfudge
+              Turn off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See  documenta-
+              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.
+
+
        -noemulate-aux-dir
               Turn aux_dir emulation off.  Same as -emulate-aux-dir-.
 
@@ -939,72 +954,72 @@
 
        -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.
 
-              N.B.  Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed, and
-              then command line options are obeyed in the order they  are  en-
-              countered.   But -norc is an exception to this rule: it is acted
+              N.B. Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed,  and
+              then  command  line options are obeyed in the order they are en-
+              countered.  But -norc is an exception to this rule: it is  acted
               on first, no matter where it occurs on the command line.
 
 
        -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO
 
-              Sets the  directory  for  the  output  files  of  *latex.   This
-              achieves  its  effect by the -output-directory option of *latex,
+              Sets  the  directory  for  the  output  files  of  *latex.  This
+              achieves its effect by the -output-directory option  of  *latex,
               which currently (Dec. 2011 and later) is implemented on the com-
               mon versions of *latex, i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive.  It may not be
               present in other versions.
 
-              See also the -auxdir/-aux-directory options, and  the  $aux_dir,
-              $out_dir,  and $search_path_separator configuration variables of
-              latexmk.  In particular, see the documentation of  $out_dir  for
+              See  also  the -auxdir/-aux-directory options, and the $aux_dir,
+              $out_dir, and $search_path_separator configuration variables  of
+              latexmk.   In  particular, see the documentation of $out_dir for
               some complications on what directory names are suitable.
 
-              If  you also use the -cd option, and the specified output direc-
-              tory is a relative path, then the path is  interpreted  relative
+              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified output  direc-
+              tory  is  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative
               to the document directory.
 
 
        -output-format=FORMAT
-              This  option  is  one  that  is allowed for latex, lualatex, and
-              pdflatex. But it is not passed to these programs.   Instead  la-
-              texmk  emulates  it in a way suitable for the context of latexmk
-              and its workflows.
+              This option is one that is  allowed  for  latex,  lualatex,  and
+              pdflatex.  But  it is not passed to these programs.  Instead la-
+              texmk emulates it in a way suitable for the context  of  latexmk
 
-              If FORMAT is dvi, then dvi output is turned on,  and  postscript
-              and  pdf  output are turned off. This is equivalent to using the
-              options -dvi -ps- -pdf-.
 
-              If FORMAT is pdf, then pdf output is  turned  on,  and  dvi  and
-              postscript  output  are  turned off. This is equivalent to using
-              the options -pdf -ps- -dvi-.
 
-              If FORMAT is anything else, latexmk gives an error.
+                               18 November 2022                             15
 
 
-       -p     Print out the document.  By default the file to  be  printed  is
-              the  first  in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is being made.
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              15
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+              and its workflows.
 
+              If  FORMAT  is dvi, then dvi output is turned on, and postscript
+              and pdf output are turned off. This is equivalent to  using  the
+              options -dvi -ps- -pdf-.
 
+              If  FORMAT  is  pdf,  then  pdf output is turned on, and dvi and
+              postscript output are turned off. This is  equivalent  to  using
+              the options -pdf -ps- -dvi-.
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+              If FORMAT is anything else, latexmk gives an error.
 
 
+       -p     Print  out  the  document.  By default the file to be printed is
+              the first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is  being  made.
               But you can use the -print=... option to change the type of file
               to be printed, and you can configure this in a start up file (by
               setting the $print_type variable).
 
-              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/Linux
+              However,  printing  is  enabled by default only under UNIX/Linux
               systems, where the default is to use the lpr command and only on
               postscript files.  In general, the correct behavior for printing
               very much depends on your system's software.  In particular, un-
-              der MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s) available,  and
-              you  must  have  configured  the print commands used by latexmk.
-              This can be non-trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,
+              der  MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s) available, and
+              you must have configured the print  commands  used  by  latexmk.
+              This  can  be  non-trivial.   See the documentation on the $lpr,
               $lpr_dvi, and $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set
               the commands for printing.
 
@@ -1012,63 +1027,72 @@
               turns them off.
 
 
-       -pdf   Generate  pdf  version of document using pdflatex.  (If you wish
+       -pdf   Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.  (If  you  wish
               to use lualatex or xelatex, you can use whichever of the options
-              -pdflua,  -pdfxe,  -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)  To configure
-              latexmk to have such behavior by default,  see  the  section  on
+              -pdflua, -pdfxe, -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)   To  configure
+              latexmk  to  have  such  behavior by default, see the section on
               "Configuration/initialization (rc) files".
 
 
        -pdfdvi
-              Generate  pdf  version of document from the dvi file, by default
-              using dvipdf.
+              Generate dvi file and then pdf version of document from the  dvi
+              file, by default using dvipdf.
 
+              The  program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by de-
+              fault, but this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use  of  the
+              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.
 
+
        -pdflua
               Generate pdf version of document using lualatex.
 
 
-       -pdfps Generate pdf version of document from the .ps file,  by  default
-              using ps2pdf.
+       -pdfps
 
 
-       -pdfxe Generate  pdf  version  of document using xelatex.  Note that to
-              optimize processing time, latexmk uses xelatex  to  generate  an
-              .xdv  file rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after possibly
-              multiple runs to generate a fully up-to-date .xdv file does  la-
-              texmk then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final .pdf file.
 
-              (Note:  The  reason  why latexmk arranges for xelatex to make an
-              .xdv file instead of the xelatex's default of a .pdf file is  as
-              follows:  When the document includes large graphics files, espe-
-              cially .png files, the production of a .pdf file  can  be  quite
-              time consuming, even when the creation of the .xdv file by xela-
-              tex is fast.  So the use of the intermediate .xdv file  can  re-
-              sult in substantial gains in procesing time, since the .pdf file
-              is produced once rather than on every run of xelatex.)
+                               18 November 2022                             16
 
 
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              16
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+              Generate dvi file, ps file from the dvi file,  and then pdf file
+              from the ps file.
 
+              The program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by  de-
+              fault,  but  this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use of the
+              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+       -pdfxe Generate pdf version of document using xelatex.   Note  that  to
+              optimize  processing  time,  latexmk uses xelatex to generate an
+              .xdv file rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after  possibly
+              multiple  runs to generate a fully up-to-date .xdv file does la-
+              texmk then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final .pdf file.
 
+              (Note: The reason why latexmk arranges for xelatex  to  make  an
+              .xdv  file instead of the xelatex's default of a .pdf file is as
+              follows: When the document includes large graphics files,  espe-
+              cially  .png  files,  the production of a .pdf file can be quite
+              time consuming, even when the creation of the .xdv file by xela-
+              tex  is  fast.  So the use of the intermediate .xdv file can re-
+              sult in substantial gains in procesing time, since the .pdf file
+              is produced once rather than on every run of xelatex.)
 
-       -pdf-  Turn off generation of pdf version of document.   (This  can  be
-              used  to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may get
+
+       -pdf-  Turn  off  generation  of pdf version of document.  (This can be
+              used to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may  get
               overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
               file.)
 
-              If  after  all  options  have  been processed, pdf generation is
-              still turned off, then generation of a dvi file will  be  turned
+              If after all options have  been  processed,  pdf  generation  is
+              still  turned  off, then generation of a dvi file will be turned
               on, and then the program used to compiled a document will be la-
-              tex (or, more precisely, whatever program is  configured  to  be
+              tex  (or,  more  precisely, whatever program is configured to be
               used in the $latex configuration variable).
 
 
@@ -1076,7 +1100,7 @@
               This sets the generation of pdf files by pdflatex, and turns off
               the generation of dvi and ps files.
 
-              Note: to set the command used when pdflatex  is  specified,  see
+              Note:  to  set  the command used when pdflatex is specified, see
               the -pdflatex="COMMAND" option.
 
 
@@ -1088,19 +1112,31 @@
                    latexmk  -pdf  -pdflatex="pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S"
               foo.tex
 
-              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
+              The  specification of the contents of the string are the same as
               for the $pdflatex configuration variable.  (The option -pdflatex
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             17
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               in fact sets the variable $pdflatex.)  Depending on your operat-
-              ing  system  and  the  command-line shell you are using, you may
-              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
+              ing system and the command-line shell you  are  using,  you  may
+              need  to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
               else).
 
-              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
-              sets the command for invoking pdflatex; it does not turn on  the
+              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
+              sets  the command for invoking pdflatex; it does not turn on the
               use of pdflatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
               ization file.
 
-              To set the command for running latex (rather  than  the  command
+              To  set  the  command for running latex (rather than the command
               for pdflatex) see the -latex option.
 
 
@@ -1114,23 +1150,11 @@
 
        -pretex=CODE
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              17
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               Given that CODE is some TeX code, this options sets that code to
-              be executed before inputting source file.  This  only  works  if
+              be  executed  before  inputting source file.  This only works if
               the command for invoking the relevant *latex is suitably config-
-              ured.  See the documentation of the variable $pre_tex_code,  and
-              the  substitution  strings %P and %U for more details.  This op-
+              ured.   See the documentation of the variable $pre_tex_code, and
+              the substitution strings %P and %U for more details.   This  op-
               tion works by setting the variable $pre_tex_code.
 
               See also the -usepretex option.
@@ -1150,12 +1174,24 @@
 
 
        -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf, -print=auto,
-              Define  which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures
+              Define which kind of file is printed.  This option also  ensures
               that the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.
 
               The (default) case -print=auto determines the kind of print file
-              automatically  from  the  set  of files that is being made.  The
-              first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among  the  files
+              automatically from the set of files that  is  being  made.   The
+              first  in  the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among the files
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             18
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               to be made is the one used for print out.
 
 
@@ -1163,13 +1199,13 @@
 
 
        -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
-              be used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It  may
-              get  overridden  by some other option that requires a postscript
+              be  used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It may
+              get overridden by some other option that requires  a  postscript
               file, for example a request for printing.)
 
 
-       -pF    Postscript file filtering.  The argument to  this  option  is  a
-              filter  which  will generate a filtered postscript file with the
+       -pF    Postscript  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a
+              filter which will generate a filtered postscript file  with  the
               extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
               will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.
 
@@ -1181,27 +1217,16 @@
 
                    latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              18
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
-              depend on your command interpreter, as used  by  the  particular
+              depend  on  your  command interpreter, as used by the particular
               version of perl and the operating system on your computer.
 
 
-       -pv    Run  file previewer.  If the -view option is used, this will se-
+       -pv    Run file previewer.  If the -view option is used, this will  se-
               lect the kind of file to be previewed (.dvi, .ps or .pdf).  Oth-
-              erwise  the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected, by
-              the -dvi, -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in  the  order  .dvi,  .ps,
-              .pdf  (low to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi
+              erwise the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected,  by
+              the  -dvi,  -ps,  -pdf,  -pdfps options, in the order .dvi, .ps,
+              .pdf (low to high).  If no file type has been selected, the  dvi
               previewer will be used.  This option is incompatible with the -p
               and -pvc options, so it turns them off.
 
@@ -1209,56 +1234,56 @@
        -pv-   Turn off -pv.
 
 
-       -pvc   Run  a  file  previewer  and  continually  update the .dvi, .ps,
+       -pvc   Run a file previewer  and  continually  update  the  .dvi,  .ps,
               and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
-              the  Description  above).  Which of these files is generated and
-              which is viewed is governed by the other  options,  and  is  the
-              same  as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option -pvc
-              can only work with one file.  So in this case you will  normally
-              only  specify  one filename on the command line.  It is also in-
-              compatible with the -p and -pv options, so it  turns  these  op-
+              the Description above).  Which of these files is  generated  and
+              which  is  viewed  is  governed by the other options, and is the
+              same as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option  -pvc
+              can  only work with one file.  So in this case you will normally
+              only specify one filename on the command line.  It is  also  in-
+              compatible  with  the  -p and -pv options, so it turns these op-
               tions off.
 
-              The  -pvc  option also turns off force mode (-f), as is normally
-              best for continuous preview mode.   If  you  really  want  force
-              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.
+              The -pvc option also turns off force mode (-f), as  is  normally
+              best  for  continuous  preview  mode.   If you really want force
 
-              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
-              (Under some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch"  does
-              this  for  postscript  files; this can be set by a configuration
-              variable.  This would also work for pdf files except for an  ap-
-              parent bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf
-              file is read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.
 
-              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
-              file,  and  prevents  new versions being written, so it is a bad
-              idea to use acroread to view  pdf  files  in  preview-continuous
-              mode.   It  is  better to use a different viewer: SumatraPDF and
-              gsview are good possibilities.
 
-              There are some other methods for arranging  an  update,  notably
-              useful  for  many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are best set
-              in latexmk's configuration; see below.
+                               18 November 2022                             19
 
-              Note that if latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by  the  user,  the
-              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
-              with the -pvc option will not fork new previewers,  but  latexmk
-              will  normally  use the existing previewer.  (At least this will
-              happen when latexmk is running under an operating  system  where
-              it  knows  how  to  determine  whether  an existing previewer is
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              19
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
+              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.
 
+              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
+              (Under  some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
+              this for postscript files; this can be set  by  a  configuration
+              variable.   This would also work for pdf files except for an ap-
+              parent bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf
+              file is read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
+              file, and prevents new versions being written, so it  is  a  bad
+              idea  to  use  acroread  to view pdf files in preview-continuous
+              mode.  It is better to use a different  viewer:  SumatraPDF  and
+              gsview are good possibilities.
 
+              There  are  some  other methods for arranging an update, notably
+              useful for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are  best  set
+              in latexmk's configuration; see below.
 
-              running.)
+              Note  that  if  latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by the user, the
+              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
+              with  the  -pvc option will not fork new previewers, but latexmk
+              will normally use the existing previewer.  (At least  this  will
+              happen  when  latexmk is running under an operating system where
+              it knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is  run-
+              ning.)
 
 
        -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.
@@ -1265,9 +1290,9 @@
 
 
        -pvctimeout
-              Do timeout in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which  is  30
+              Do  timeout  in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which is 30
               min. by default.  Inactivity means a period when latexmk has de-
-              tected no file changes and hence has not taken any actions  like
+              tected  no file changes and hence has not taken any actions like
               compiling the document.
 
 
@@ -1283,56 +1308,55 @@
 
 
        -r <rcfile>
-              Read  the  specified initialization file ("RC file") before pro-
+              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
               cessing.
 
               Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
-              --  see  the section below on "Configuration/initialization (RC)
-              files" -- are read first.  (2) Then the options on  the  command
-              line  are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if an
-              initialization file is specified by the -r option,  it  is  read
-              during  this second step.  Thus an initialization file specified
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             20
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+              -- see the section below on  "Configuration/initialization  (RC)
+              files"  --  are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command
+              line are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if  an
+              initialization  file  is  specified by the -r option, it is read
+              during this second step.  Thus an initialization file  specified
               with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
               files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
               overridden by later options.
 
               The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
-              Perl  programming  language  (typically a sequence of assignment
+              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
               statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
               during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
-              for a way of giving initialization code  directly  on  latexmk's
-              command  line.   An error results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple
+              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
+              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
               instances of the -r and -e options can be used, and they are ex-
               ecuted in the order they appear on the command line.
 
 
        -rc-report
-              After  initialization,  give  a  list of the RC files read. (De-
+              After initialization, give a list of the  RC  files  read.  (De-
               fault)
 
 
-
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              20
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        -rc-report-
               After initialization, do not give a list of the RC files read.
 
 
        -recorder
-              Give the -recorder option with *latex.  In  (most)  modern  ver-
-              sions  of  these  programs,  this results in a file of extension
-              .fls containing a list of the files  that  these  programs  have
-              read  and  written.   Latexmk will then use this file to improve
+              Give  the  -recorder  option with *latex.  In (most) modern ver-
+              sions of these programs, this results in  a  file  of  extension
+              .fls  containing  a  list  of the files that these programs have
+              read and written.  Latexmk will then use this  file  to  improve
               its detection of source files and generated files after a run of
               *latex.  This is the default setting of latexmk, unless overrid-
               den in an initialization file.
@@ -1349,70 +1373,72 @@
 
 
        -rules-
-              Do  not  show  a  list of latexmk's rules and dependencies after
+              Do not show a list of latexmk's  rules  and  dependencies  after
               processing.  (This is the default.)
 
 
-       -showextraoptions
-              Show the list of extra *latex options that  latexmk  recognizes,
-              but  that  it simply passes through to the programs *latex  when
-              they are run.  These options are (currently)  a  combination  of
-              those  allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  (If a
-              particular option is given to latexmk but is not handled by  the
-              particular  implementation  of  *latex  that is being used, that
-              program will probably give a warning or an  error.)   These  op-
-              tions  are  very numerous, but are not listed in this documenta-
-              tion because they have no effect on latexmk's actions.
 
-              There are a few options (e.g., -includedirectory=dir,  -initial-
-              ize,  -ini)  that  are not recognized, either because they don't
-              fit with latexmk's intended operations,  or  because  they  need
-              special  processing by latexmk that isn't implemented (at least,
-              not yet).
 
-              There are certain options  for  *latex  (e.g.,  -recorder)  that
-              trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk itself. Depending
-              on the action, they may also be  passed  in  some  form  to  the
-              called *latex program, and/or may affect other programs as well.
-              These options do have  entries  in  this  documentation.   Among
-              these options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-
-              directory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             21
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              21
 
 
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+       -showextraoptions
+              Show  the  list of extra *latex options that latexmk recognizes,
+              but that it simply passes through to the programs  *latex   when
+              they  are  run.   These options are (currently) a combination of
+              those allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  (If  a
+              particular  option is given to latexmk but is not handled by the
+              particular implementation of *latex that  is  being  used,  that
+              program  will  probably  give a warning or an error.)  These op-
+              tions are very numerous, but are not listed in  this  documenta-
+              tion because they have no effect on latexmk's actions.
 
+              There  are a few options (e.g., -includedirectory=dir, -initial-
+              ize, -ini) that are not recognized, either  because  they  don't
+              fit  with  latexmk's  intended  operations, or because they need
+              special processing by latexmk that isn't implemented (at  least,
+              not yet).
 
-              There are also options that are accepted by *latex, but  instead
+              There  are  certain  options  for  *latex (e.g., -recorder) that
+              trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk itself. Depending
+              on  the  action,  they  may  also  be passed in some form to the
+              called *latex program, and/or may affect other programs as well.
+              These  options  do  have  entries  in this documentation.  Among
+              these options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-
+              directory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.
+
+              There  are also options that are accepted by *latex, but instead
               trigger actions purely by latexmk: -help, -version.
 
 
        -silent
               Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
-              of diagnostics generated.  For example, with  the  default  set-
-              tings,  the  command  "latex -interaction=batchmode" is used for
+              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
+              tings, the command "latex -interaction=batchmode"  is  used  for
               latex, and similarly for its friends.
 
-              See also the -logfilewarninglist  and  -logfilewarninglist-  op-
+              See  also  the  -logfilewarninglist and -logfilewarninglist- op-
               tions.
 
-              Also  reduce  the  number of informational messages that latexmk
+              Also reduce the number of informational  messages  that  latexmk
               itself generates.
 
-              To change the options used to make the  commands  run  silently,
+              To  change  the  options used to make the commands run silently,
               you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
-              uration   variables,   the    relevant    ones    being    $bib-
-              tex_silent_switch,  $biber_silent_switch, $dvipdf_silent_switch,
-              $dvips_silent_switch,       $latex_silent_switch,        $luala-
-              tex_silent_switch        $makeindex_silent_switch,       $pdfla-
-              tex_silent_switch, and $xelatex_silent_switch
+              uration    variables,    the    relevant    ones   being   $bib-
+              tex_silent_switch, $biber_silent_switch,  $dvipdf_silent_switch,
+              $dvips_silent_switch,      $dvilualatex_silent_switch,      $la-
+              tex_silent_switch,       $lualatex_silent_switch        $makein-
+              dex_silent_switch,     $pdflatex_silent_switch,    and    $xela-
+              tex_silent_switch
 
 
        -stdtexcmds
@@ -1419,6 +1445,17 @@
               Sets the commands for latex, etc, so that they are the  standard
               ones. This is useful to override special configurations.
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             22
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               The  result  is  that  $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for
               $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf  needed
               for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
@@ -1444,18 +1481,6 @@
 
               Note that the filename may be specified  without  an  extension,
               e.g.,  by  \includegraphics{drawing}  in  a LaTeX file.  In that
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              22
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               case, latexmk will try making drawing.ext with ext set  in  turn
               to  the  possible  extensions that are relevant for latex (or as
               appropriate pdflatex, lualatex, xelatex).
@@ -1485,6 +1510,18 @@
        -usepretex=CODE
               Equivalent to -pretex=CODE -usepretex.  Example
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             23
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
                 latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex
 
 
@@ -1509,19 +1546,6 @@
               be opened.
 
 
-
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              23
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        -Werror
               This causes latexmk to return a non-zero status code if  any  of
               the  files  processed  gives a warning about problems with cita-
@@ -1534,6 +1558,9 @@
               the configuration variable $warnings_as_errors.
 
 
+       -xdv   Generate xdv version of document using xelatex.
+
+
        -xelatex
               Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s)
               to  pdf.   The  generation of dvi and postscript files is turned
@@ -1549,6 +1576,18 @@
               file,  and  does  all  the extra runs needed (including those of
               bibtex, etc).  Only after that does it make the  pdf  file  from
               the  .xdv  file, using xdvipdfmx.  See the documentation for the
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             24
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               -pdfxe for why this is done.]
 
 
@@ -1576,18 +1615,6 @@
 
        Compatibility between options
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              24
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        The preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So  in
        this  case  you  will normally only specify one filename on the command
        line.
@@ -1617,6 +1644,16 @@
 
 
 
+
+                               18 November 2022                             25
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
 DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC
        Some possibilities:
 
@@ -1642,18 +1679,6 @@
        tions.  (But there is a lot of reading!)
 
        The remainder of these notes consists of ideas for  dealing  with  more
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              25
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        difficult situations.
 
        d.  Further tricks can involve replacing the standard commands that la-
@@ -1683,6 +1708,18 @@
 
        g. See also the section "Advanced Configuration: Some extra resources".
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             26
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        h.   Look   on   tex.stackexchange,   i.e.,   at    http://tex.stackex-
        change.com/questions/tagged/latexmk   Someone  may  have already solved
        your problem.
@@ -1707,22 +1744,10 @@
        tion.  The difference in output file type can happen for  two  reasons:
        One  is  that  for latex, pdflatex and lualatex the document itself can
        override the defaults. The other is that there may be a  configuration,
-       or  misconfiguration,  such  that  the  program that latexmk invokes to
+       or misconfiguration, such that the program that latexmk invokes to com-
+       pile the document is not the expected one, or is given  options  incom-
+       patible with what latexmk initially expects.
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              26
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-       compile the document is not the expected one, or is given  options  in-
-       compatible with what latexmk initially expects.
-
        Under  latex and pdflatex, control of the output format by the document
        is done by setting the \pdfoutput macro.  Under lualatex, the  \output-
        mode macro is used instead.
@@ -1749,6 +1774,18 @@
        of .pdf, .dvi, .xdv) and the initially expected  output,  if  possible.
        Latexmk does this provided the following conditions are met.
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             27
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        The first is that latexmk's $allow_switch configuration variable is set
        to a non-zero value as it is by default.  If this variable is  zero,  a
        mismatch of filetypes in the compilation results in an error.
@@ -1774,18 +1811,6 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              27
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
 CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
        In this section is explained which configuration files are read by  la-
        texmk.  Subsequent  sections  "How  to  Set Variables in Initialization
@@ -1816,6 +1841,17 @@
           "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
           "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             28
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        If the environment variable LATEXMKRCSYS is set, its value is  used  as
        the name of the system RC file, instead of any of the above.
 
@@ -1842,16 +1878,6 @@
        texmk does not look for an RC file under it.
 
 
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              28
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
        named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
        found is used, if any.
@@ -1880,6 +1906,18 @@
        The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
        section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
        files".  (See the earlier  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             29
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        Files"  for  the  files where the configurations are done.)  Syntax for
        setting these variables is of the following forms:
 
@@ -1906,18 +1944,6 @@
        quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the  Perl  program-
        ming  language  brings  into  play some special rules for interpolating
        variables into strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want  to  avoid
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              29
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        these complications.)
 
        You  can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
@@ -1945,10 +1971,22 @@
        are  substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
        %S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied  to,
        and  %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to use
-       for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option in the invoca-
-       tion  of  latexmk,   it  results in the replacement of %O by "-interac-
-       tion=batchmode".)
+       for this command.  (E.g.,  if  you  used  the  -silent  option  in  the
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             30
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+       invocation of latexmk,  it results in the replacement of %O by "-inter-
+       action=batchmode".)
+
        The available placeholders are:
 
        %A     basename of the main tex file.  Unlike %R, this is unaffected by
@@ -1972,18 +2010,6 @@
               source file is read.
 
               If the variable $pre_tex_code is the empty string,  then  %P  is
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              30
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               equivalent to %S.
 
        %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.
@@ -2011,8 +2037,20 @@
               value $out_dir.
 
        %Z     Name  of directory for output files (see the configuration vari-
-              able $out_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')  is  ap-
-              pended  if  $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
+              able $out_dir).   A  directory  separation  character  ('/')  is
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             31
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+              appended if $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
               character, with suitable characters being those  appropriate  to
               UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.
 
@@ -2038,18 +2076,6 @@
 
        "Detaching"  a  command: Normally when latexmk runs a command, it waits
        for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              31
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
        run detached, so that latexmk gets the previewer running and  then  re-
        turns  to  its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
@@ -2078,6 +2104,18 @@
 
             $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
        %S';
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             32
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
             $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
        traPDF.exe" %O %S';
             $pdf_previewer  =  'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF (x86)/Suma-
@@ -2105,17 +2143,6 @@
 
             $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              32
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        Under MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever program the system
        has associated with dvi files.  (The  same  applies  for  a  postscript
        viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this trick is not always suit-
@@ -2143,6 +2170,18 @@
        tion starting with "internal", as in
 
             $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             33
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
             sub mylatex {
                 my @args = @_;
                 # Possible preprocessing here
@@ -2171,17 +2210,6 @@
             $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
        %B';
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              33
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        This  definition  assumes  you  are using a UNIX-like system (which in-
        cludes Linux and OS-X), so that the two commands to be  run  are  sepa-
        rated by the semicolon in the middle of the string.
@@ -2210,6 +2238,16 @@
        i.e., the behavior does not occur.
 
 
+
+                               18 November 2022                             34
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $allow_switch [1]
 
               This  controls  what happens when the output extension of latex,
@@ -2236,18 +2274,6 @@
               chosen name for the output file.)
 
               This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              34
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               these files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer (notably
               gv) sees that the file has changed, it may read the new file be-
               fore the program writing the file has not yet finished its work,
@@ -2276,6 +2302,18 @@
               doesn't  always  generate  lines  in the .fls file for input lua
               files.  (The situation with lualatex is  HIGHLY  version  depen-
               dent,  e.g.,  there  was  a  big change between TeXLive 2016 and
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             35
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               TeXLive 2017.)
 
               To keep backward compatibility with older versions  of  latexmk,
@@ -2299,23 +2337,13 @@
               $out_dir  is set, then $aux_dir is set to $out_dir, which is the
               directory to which general output files are to be written.
 
-              Important note:  The  effect  of  $aux_dir,  if  different  from
-              $out_dir, is achieved by giving *latex the -aux-directory.  Cur-
-              rently (Dec. 2011 and later)  this  only  works  on  the  MiKTeX
+              Important note:  The default implementation of the aux dir is to
+              give *latex the -aux-directory option.  But that only works with
+              the MiKTeX distribution, not with  the  TeX  Live  distribution.
+              Latexmk has an alternative implementation that avoids this prob-
+              lem: See the description of -emulate-aux-dir option and the $em-
+              ulate_aux variable for details.
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              35
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-              version of *latex.
-
               See also the documentation of $out_dir for some complications on
               what directory names are suitable.
 
@@ -2342,6 +2370,32 @@
 
 
 
+
+                               18 November 2022                             36
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+       $bad_warning_is_error [0]
+              Whether  to treat bad warnings reported by *latex in log file as
+              errors. The  specifications  of  the  warning  messages  are  in
+              @bad_warnings.
+
+
+       @bad_warnings
+              Array  of  regular  expressions  specifying messages in log file
+              that are officially treated as warnings rather  than  errors  by
+              *latex,  but  which  a  user may treat as errors: See $bad_warn-
+              ing_is_error.
+
+              Currently the default set of these warnings is those about  \end
+              occuring inside constructs.
+
+
        $banner [0]
               If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
               converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
@@ -2368,30 +2422,30 @@
               scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
               about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
               message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
+              This is equivalent to the -bs option.
 
+       @BIBINPUTS
+              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
+              directories where latexmk should look for .bib  files.   By  de-
+              fault  it  is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
+              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
+              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
+              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
+              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:
 
+                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              36
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             37
 
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              This is equivalent to the -bs option.
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-       @BIBINPUTS
-              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
-              directories where latexmk should look for .bib  files.   By  de-
-              fault  it  is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
-              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
-              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
-              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
-              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:
 
-                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
                       @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                       @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                       @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
@@ -2434,32 +2488,32 @@
               refuse to write its bbl and blg files, for security reasons, for
               certain cases of the path component of the filename given to it.
 
+              However, there are also rare cases  where  the  change-directory
+              method  prevents  bibtex  from finding certain bib or bst files.
+              Then $bibtex_fudge needs to be set to 0.
 
 
+       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
+              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
+              on.
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              37
+       $bibtex_use [1]
+              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
+              covers from the  log  file  that  one  (or  more)  bibtex/biber-
 
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             38
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              However, there are also rare cases  where  the  change-directory
-              method  prevents  bibtex  from finding certain bib or bst files.
-              Then $bibtex_fudge needs to be set to 0.
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
-              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
-              on.
 
-       $bibtex_use [1]
-              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
-              covers from the log file that one (or more)  bibtex/biber-gener-
-              ated  bibliographies  are used, it can run bibtex or biber when-
-              ever it appears necessary to regenerate  the  bbl  file(s)  from
+              generated  bibliographies  are  used, it can run bibtex or biber
+              whenever it appears necessary to regenerate the bbl file(s) from
               their  source  bib  database  file(s).   But  sometimes, the bib
               file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document obtained from an
               external archive), but the bbl files are provided.  In that case
@@ -2469,41 +2523,53 @@
               files are deleted in a cleanup operation.
 
               The possible values of $bibtex_use are:
-                0:  never  use  BibTeX  or biber; never delete .bbl files in a
+                0:  never  use  bibtex  or biber; never delete .bbl files in a
               cleanup.
-                1: only use bibtex or biber if  the  bib  files  exist;  never
-              delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
-                1.5:  only  use bibtex or biber if the bib files exist; condi-
-              tionally delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them  only
-              when the bib files all exist).
+                1: only use bibtex if the bib file(s) exist; never delete .bbl
+              files in a cleanup.
+                1.5:  only  use  bibtex  if the bib files exist; conditionally
+              delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them only when  the
+              bib files all exist).
                 2: run bibtex or biber whenever it appears necessary to update
-              the bbl files, without testing for  the  existence  of  the  bib
+              the bbl file(s), without testing for the existence  of  the  bib
               files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
 
-              Note  that  the value 1.5 does not work properly if the document
-              uses biber instead of bibtex.  (There's a long story why not.)
+              Important  note:  Currently,  the  values  1 and 1.5 do not work
+              properly if the document uses  biber  instead  of  bibtex.  When
+              biber  is used, the values 1 and 1.5 for $bibtex_use are equiva-
+              lent to 2 as regards the running  of  biber.   (There's  a  long
+              story  why  not.   Basically,  the problem is that when biber is
+              used, latexmk only knows the names and status  of  the  bibfiles
+              after  running biber.  In contrast, when bibtex is used, the in-
+              formation is available after a run of *latex. It  is  a  problem
+              for the future to correct this.)
 
 
        $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
-              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
+              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
               generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
               by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
               the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)
 
        $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
-              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
+              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
               detected in the fls file (or failing that, in log file) as being
-              generated.   It  will  also  include files made from these first
+              generated.  It will also include files  made  from  these  first
               generation generated files.
 
-              This operation is somewhat dangerous, and  can  have  unintended
-              consequences,  since the files to be deleted are determined from
-              a file created by *latex, which can contain  erroneous  informa-
+              This  operation  is  somewhat dangerous, and can have unintended
+              consequences, since the files to be deleted are determined  from
+              a  file  created by *latex, which can contain erroneous informa-
               tion. Therefore this variable is turned off by default, and then
+              files to be deleted are restricted to those explicitly specified
+              by   patterns   configured   in   the    variables    clean_ext,
+              clean_full_ext, and @generated_exts.  Standard cases (e.g., .log
+              files) appear in latexmk's initial value for the  array  @gener-
+              ated_exts.
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              38
+                               18 November 2022                             39
 
 
 
@@ -2512,26 +2578,20 @@
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              files to be deleted are restricted to those explicitly specified
-              by    patterns    configured   in   the   variables   clean_ext,
-              clean_full_ext, and @generated_exts.  Standard cases (e.g., .log
-              files)  appear  in latexmk's initial value for the array @gener-
-              ated_exts.
-
        $cleanup_mode [0]
-              If nonzero, specifies cleanup mode: 1 for full  cleanup,  2  for
-              cleanup  except  for .dvi, .ps and .pdf files, 3 for cleanup ex-
-              cept for dep and aux files.  (There is also  extra  cleaning  as
+              If  nonzero,  specifies  cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for
+              cleanup except for .dvi, .ps and .pdf files, 3 for  cleanup  ex-
+              cept  for  dep  and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as
               specified by the $clean_ext, $clean_full_ext and @generated_exts
               variables.)
 
-              This variable is equivalent to specifying one of the  -c  or  -C
-              options.   But there should be no need to set this variable from
+              This  variable  is  equivalent to specifying one of the -c or -C
+              options.  But there should be no need to set this variable  from
               an RC file.
 
        $clean_ext [""]
-              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of  the
-              clean-up  options  (-c  or  -C)  is selected.  The value of this
+              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of the
+              clean-up options (-c or -C) is  selected.   The  value  of  this
               variable is a string containing the extensions separated by spa-
               ces.
 
@@ -2543,62 +2603,62 @@
               files-%R/*";
 
               in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
-              tion  is  specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set of files
-              deleted, but also files of the form FOO.out,  FOO-blx.bib,  FOO-
-              figures*.log,  and  pythontex-files-FOO/*,  where FOO stands for
+              tion is specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set  of  files
+              deleted,  but  also files of the form FOO.out, FOO-blx.bib, FOO-
+              figures*.log, and pythontex-files-FOO/*, where  FOO  stands  for
               the basename of the file being processed (as in FOO.tex).
 
-              Most of the files to be deleted are relative  to  the  directory
-              specified  by  $aux_dir.  Note that if $out_dir but not $aux_dir
-              is set, then in its initialization, latexmk sets $aux_dir  equal
-              to  $out_dir.   A  normal  situation  is therefore that $aux_dir
-              equals $out_dir, which is the only case  directly  supported  by
-              TeXLive,  unlike  MiKTeX.   Note  that even with TeXLive latexmk
+              Most  of  the  files to be deleted are relative to the directory
+              specified by $aux_dir.  Note that if $out_dir but  not  $aux_dir
+              is  set, then in its initialization, latexmk sets $aux_dir equal
+              to $out_dir.  A normal  situation  is  therefore  that  $aux_dir
+              equals  $out_dir,  which  is the only case directly supported by
+              TeXLive, unlike MiKTeX.  Note that  even  with  TeXLive  latexmk
               does now support different values for the directories -- see the
               explanation of the $emulate_aux variable.
 
               If $out_dir and $aux_dir different, latexmk actually deletes any
               files of the specified names in both $aux_dir and $out_dir; this
-              is  because under certain error conditions, the files may be put
-              in $out_dir instead of $aux_dir.  This also handles the case  of
+              is because under certain error conditions, the files may be  put
+              in  $out_dir instead of $aux_dir.  This also handles the case of
               deleting any fls file, since that file is in $out_dir.
 
-              The  filenames  specified for a clean-up operation can refer not
-              only to regular files but also to directories.  Directories  are
+              The filenames specified for a clean-up operation can  refer  not
+              only  to regular files but also to directories.  Directories are
               only deleted if they are empty.  An example of an application is
+              to  pythontex,  which  creates  files in a particular directory.
+              You can arrange to remove both the files and  the  directory  by
+              setting
 
+                  $clean_ext = "pythontex-files-%R pythontex-files-%R";
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              39
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             40
 
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              to pythontex, which creates files  in  a  particular  directory.
-              You  can  arrange  to remove both the files and the directory by
-              setting
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-                  $clean_ext = "pythontex-files-%R pythontex-files-%R";
 
-              See also the (array) variable  @generated_exts.   In  the  past,
-              this  variable  had certain uses beyond that of $clean_ext.  But
-              now, they accomplish the same things.  In fact,  after  initial-
-              ization  including  the  processing of command line options, la-
+              See  also  the  (array)  variable @generated_exts.  In the past,
+              this variable had certain uses beyond that of  $clean_ext.   But
+              now,  they  accomplish the same things.  In fact, after initial-
+              ization including the processing of command  line  options,  la-
               texmk simply appends the list of extensions in $clean_ext to the
               array @generated_exts.
 
        $clean_full_ext [""]
-              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when the -C op-
-              tion is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove  when  the
+              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when the -C  op-
+              tion  is  selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
               .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.
 
               More general patterns are allowed, as for $clean_ext.
 
-              The  files  specified by $clean_full_ext to be deleted are rela-
+              The files specified by $clean_full_ext to be deleted  are  rela-
               tive to the directory specified by $out_dir.
 
 
@@ -2605,75 +2665,75 @@
        $compiling_cmd [""], $failure_cmd [""], $warning_cmd [""], $success_cmd
        [""]
 
-              These  variables  specify  commands that are executed at certain
-              points of compilations.  One motivation for their  existence  is
-              to  allow  very useful convenient visual indications of compila-
-              tion status even when the window receiving the screen output  of
-              the  compilation is hidden.  This is particularly useful in pre-
+              These variables specify commands that are  executed  at  certain
+              points  of  compilations.  One motivation for their existence is
+              to allow very useful convenient visual indications  of  compila-
+              tion  status even when the window receiving the screen output of
+              the compilation is hidden.  This is particularly useful in  pre-
               view-continuous mode.
 
-              The commands are executed  at  the  following  points:  $compil-
-              ing_cmd  at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end of
-              a completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end  of
+              The  commands  are  executed  at  the following points: $compil-
+              ing_cmd at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end  of
+              a  completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end of
               an unsuccessful compilation, $warning_cmd at the of an otherwise
               successful compilation that gives warnings about undefined cita-
               tions or references or about multiply defined references. If any
-              of above variables is undefined or  blank  (the  default  situa-
+              of  above  variables  is  undefined or blank (the default situa-
               tion), then the corresponding command is not executed.
 
-              However,  when  $warning_cmd  is  not set, then in the case of a
-              compilation with warnings about  references  or  citations,  but
-              with  no  other  error,  one  or other of $success_cmd or $fail-
-              ure_cmd is used (if it is  set)  according  to  the  setting  of
+              However, when $warning_cmd is not set, then in  the  case  of  a
+              compilation  with  warnings  about  references or citations, but
+              with no other error, one or  other  of  $success_cmd  or  $fail-
+              ure_cmd  is  used  (if  it  is  set) according to the setting of
               $warnings_as_errors.
 
               An example of a simple setting of these variables is as follows
 
-                  $compiling_cmd  =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
+                  $compiling_cmd = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
               --name \"%D compiling\"";
-                  $success_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
+                  $success_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
+              --name \"%D OK\"";
+                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
+                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
+                  $failure_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
+              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              40
 
+                               18 November 2022                             41
 
 
 
 
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              --name \"%D OK\"";
-                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
-                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
-                  $failure_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
-              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";
-
-              These assume that the program xdotool  is  installed,  that  the
-              previewer  is using an X-Window system for display, and that the
-              title of the window contains the name of the displayed file,  as
-              it  normally  does.   When the commands are executed, the place-
-              holder string %D is replaced by  the  name  of  the  destination
+              These  assume  that  the  program xdotool is installed, that the
+              previewer is using an X-Window system for display, and that  the
+              title  of the window contains the name of the displayed file, as
+              it normally does.  When the commands are  executed,  the  place-
+              holder  string  %D  is  replaced  by the name of the destination
               file, which is the previewed file.  The above commands result in
               an appropriate string being appended to the filename in the win-
               dow title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".
 
-              Other  placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with %S
-              and %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a  com-
-              mand  changing  the title of the edit window. The visual indica-
-              tion in a window title can useful, since the user does not  have
-              to  keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden) compilation
+              Other placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with  %S
+              and  %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a com-
+              mand changing the title of the edit window. The  visual  indica-
+              tion  in a window title can useful, since the user does not have
+              to keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden)  compilation
               window to know the status of the compilation.
 
-              More complicated situations can best be handled  by  defining  a
-              Perl  subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using the
-              "internal" keyword in the definitions to get the  subroutine  to
+              More  complicated  situations  can best be handled by defining a
+              Perl subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using  the
+              "internal"  keyword  in the definitions to get the subroutine to
               be invoked.  (See the section "Format of Command Specifications"
               for how to do this.)
 
-              Naturally, the above settings that invoke  the  xdotool  program
-              are  only  applicable  when  the X-Window system is used for the
+              Naturally,  the  above  settings that invoke the xdotool program
+              are only applicable when the X-Window system  is  used  for  the
               relevant window(s).  For other cases, you will have to find what
               software solutions are available.
 
@@ -2682,15 +2742,15 @@
               Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".
 
        @default_excluded_files [()]
-              When  latexmk  is invoked with no files specified on the command
+              When latexmk is invoked with no files specified on  the  command
               line, then, by default, it will process all files in the current
               directory with the extension .tex.  (In general, it will process
               the files specified in the @default_files variable.)
 
               But sometimes you want to exclude particular files from this de-
-              fault  list.  In that case you can specify the excluded files in
+              fault list.  In that case you can specify the excluded files  in
               the array @default_excluded_files.  For example if you wanted to
-              process  all  .tex files with the exception of common.tex, which
+              process all .tex files with the exception of  common.tex,  which
               is a not a standard alone LaTeX file but a file input by some or
               all of the others, you could do
 
@@ -2698,24 +2758,24 @@
 
                    @default_excluded_files = ("common.tex");
 
+              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
+              this method saves you from having to list them in detail in @de-
+              fault_files and having to update the list every time you  change
+              the set of files to be processed.
 
+              Notes:  1.  This variable has no effect except when no files are
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              41
 
+                               18 November 2022                             42
 
 
 
 
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
-              this method saves you from having to list them in detail in @de-
-              fault_files  and having to update the list every time you change
-              the set of files to be processed.
-
-              Notes: 1. This variable has no effect except when no  files  are
               specified on the latexmk command line.  2. Wildcards are allowed
               in @default_excluded_files.
 
@@ -2722,16 +2782,16 @@
        @default_files [("*.tex")]
               Default list of files to be processed.
 
-              If no filenames are specified on the command line, latexmk  pro-
-              cesses  all  tex files specified in the @default_files variable,
-              which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in  the  cur-
-              rent  directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk and it
-              will process an appropriate set of  files.   But  sometimes  you
+              If  no filenames are specified on the command line, latexmk pro-
+              cesses all tex files specified in the  @default_files  variable,
+              which  by  default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in the cur-
+              rent directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk and  it
+              will  process  an  appropriate  set of files.  But sometimes you
               want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you
-              can list the files to be processed by setting @default_files  in
-              an  initialization  file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in the cur-
-              rent directory).  Then if no files are specified on the  command
-              line  then  the  files you specify by setting @default_files are
+              can  list the files to be processed by setting @default_files in
+              an initialization file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in  the  cur-
+              rent  directory).  Then if no files are specified on the command
+              line then the files you specify by  setting  @default_files  are
               processed.
 
               Three examples:
@@ -2742,49 +2802,49 @@
 
                    @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");
 
-              Note that more than file may be given, and that the default  ex-
+              Note  that more than file may be given, and that the default ex-
               tension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses are
               because @default_files is an array variable, i.e., a sequence of
               filename specifications is possible.
 
-              If  you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few excep-
+              If you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few  excep-
               tions, see the @default_excluded_files array variable.
 
        $dependents_phony [0]
-              If a list of dependencies is output,  this  variable  determines
-              whether  to include a phony target for each source file.  If you
-              use the dependents list in a  Makefile,  the  dummy  rules  work
-              around  errors make gives if you remove header files without up-
+              If  a  list  of dependencies is output, this variable determines
+              whether to include a phony target for each source file.  If  you
+              use  the  dependents  list  in  a Makefile, the dummy rules work
+              around errors make gives if you remove header files without  up-
               dating the Makefile to match.
 
        $dependents_list [0]
-              Whether to display a list(s) of dependencies at  the  end  of  a
+              Whether  to  display  a  list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
               run.
 
        $deps_file ["-"]
-              Name  of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
-              run, to be used if $dependesnt_list is set.  If the filename  is
+              Name of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of  a
+              run,  to be used if $dependesnt_list is set.  If the filename is
+              "-", then the dependency list is set to stdout  (i.e.,  normally
+              the screen).
 
 
+       $do_cd [0]
+              Whether  to  change working directory to the directory specified
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              42
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             43
 
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              "-",  then  the dependency list is set to stdout (i.e., normally
-              the screen).
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-       $do_cd [0]
-              Whether to change working directory to the  directory  specified
-              for  the main source file before processing it.  The default be-
-              havior is not to do this, which is the same as the  behavior  of
-              *latex  programs.   This variable is set by the -cd and -cd- op-
+              for the main source file before processing it.  The default  be-
+              havior  is  not to do this, which is the same as the behavior of
+              *latex programs.  This variable is set by the -cd and  -cd-  op-
               tions on latexmk's command line.
 
        $dvi_filter [empty]
@@ -2791,16 +2851,44 @@
               The dvi file filter to be run on the newly produced dvi file be-
               fore other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the -dF option.
 
+
+       $dvilualatex ["dvilualatex %O %S"]
+              Specifies the command line to invoke  the  dvilualatex  program.
+              Note  that as with other programs, you can use this variable not
+              just to change the name of the program used,  but  also  specify
+              options to the program.  E.g.,
+
+                                  $dvilualatex  =  "dvilualatex --src-specials
+              %O %S";
+
+              To do a coordinated setting  of  all  of  $dvilualatex,  $latex,
+              $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex, see the section "Advanced
+              Configuration".
+
+
        $dvi_mode [See below for default]
-              If  nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  Equivalent
-              to the -dvi option.
+              If one, generate a dvi version of the document by use of  latex.
+              Equivalent to the -dvi option.
 
+              If 2, generate a dvi version of the document by use of dviluala-
+              tex.  Equivalent to the -dvilua option.
+
               The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but  if  no  explicit  re-
               quests  are made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then
               $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  In addition, if  a  request  for  a
-              file  for  which  a  .dvi file is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode
-              will be set to 1.
+              file  for  which  a .dvi file is a prerequisite and $dvi_mode is
+              zero, then $dvi_mode is set to 1.
 
+
+
+       $dvilualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
+              Switch(es) for the dvilualatex program (specified in  the  vari-
+              able $dvilualatex) when silent mode is on.
+
+              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
+              that equally applies to $dvilualatex_silent_switch.
+
+
        $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
               The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.   [Under  MS-Windows  the
               default  is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use the MS-Windows
@@ -2808,6 +2896,18 @@
               system has associated with .dvi files.]
 
               Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             44
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
               minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
               fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
@@ -2830,18 +2930,6 @@
 
                    $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              43
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               WARNING: The default dvipdf  script  generates  pdf  files  with
               bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
               That script should be modified to give  dvips  the  options  "-P
@@ -2873,6 +2961,19 @@
        $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
               Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.
 
+
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             45
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $dvi_update_command [""]
               When the dvi previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
               mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
@@ -2895,21 +2996,9 @@
                   4 => run a command to do the update.  The command is  speci-
               fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.
 
-              See  information  on  the  variable  $pdf_update_method  for  an
+              See  information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an exam-
+              ple of updating by command.
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              44
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-              example of updating by command.
-
        $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which  is  a  system-dependent
        value]
               The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
@@ -2926,168 +3015,184 @@
               If  you use a version of *latex that doesn't support -aux-direc-
               tory, e.g., TeXLive, latexmk will automatically  switch  aux_dir
               emulation on after the first run of *latex, because it will find
-              the .log file in the wrong place.
+              the .log file in the wrong place.  But it is better to set $emu-
+              late_aux  to  1  in an rc file, or equivalently to use the -emu-
+              late-aux-dir option. This emulation mode works equally well with
+              MiKTeX.
 
-              Aux_directory emulation means that when *latex is  invoked,  the
-              output  directory  provided  to *latex is set to be the aux_dir.
-              After that, any files that need to be in  the  output  directory
-              will  be moved there. (These are the files with extensions .dvi,
+              Aux_directory  emulation  means that when *latex is invoked, the
+              output directory provided to *latex is set to  be  the  aux_dir.
+              After  that,  any  files that need to be in the output directory
+              will be moved there. (These are the files with extensions  .dvi,
               .ps, .pdf, .fls, .synctex, .synctex.gz.)
 
 
+
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             46
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $failure_cmd [undefined]
               See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.
 
        $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
-              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
-              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
+              The  extension  of the file which latexmk generates to contain a
+              database of information on source files.  You will not  normally
               need to change this.
 
-       $filetime_causality_threshold  [5];   $filetime_offset_report_threshold
+       $filetime_causality_threshold   [5];  $filetime_offset_report_threshold
        [30]. (Units of seconds.)
 
               These variables control how latexmk deals with the following is-
-              sue, which can affect the use of files  that  are  on  a  remote
+              sue,  which  can  affect  the  use of files that are on a remote
               filesystem (network share) instead of being on a file system lo-
               cal to the computer running latexmk.  Almost users will not have
-              to  worry about these settings, and can ignore the following ex-
+              to worry about these settings, and can ignore the following  ex-
               planation.
 
-              In almost all situations, latexmk does not need to use the  time
-              stamps  of the files it works with.  However, there are a couple
-              of situations when it needs to know whether a certain  file  was
-              created  in  the current run of a program (e.g., *latex) or is a
+              In  almost all situations, latexmk does not need to use the time
+              stamps of the files it works with.  However, there are a  couple
+              of  situations  when it needs to know whether a certain file was
+              created in the current run of a program (e.g., *latex) or  is  a
               leftover file from a previous run. It does this by comparing the
-              modification  time  of the file with the system time just before
-              the program was started. If the  modification  time  is  earlier
-              than  when the program was started, the file is a leftover file,
+              modification time of the file with the system time  just  before
+              the  program  was  started.  If the modification time is earlier
+              than when the program was started, the file is a leftover  file,
               which latexmk treats as if it were not created.  If the filetime
+              is at least the program start time, then it can be assumed  that
+              the file was created in the current run.
 
+              Unfortunately,  this  test  can  fail if the file is on a remote
+              system, since its system time is  not  necessarily  synchronized
+              with  that  of  the  local  system; the timestamps on the remote
+              files are set by the remote system, not the local system.   Gen-
+              erally,  modern  operating  systems  regularly synchronize their
+              time with a server, so the non-synchronization is  mostly  small
+              (a second or so, or a few seconds).  But even a small difference
+              can mess up latexmk's test.
 
+              Latexmk measures the time difference between the time on the two
+              systems  and  compensates  for  this.  But the measurement (in a
+              system-independent way) is only accurate to a second or two.  So
+              latexmk  allows  for  a threshold on the difference between file
+              and system time before it concludes that a file  is  a  leftover
+              file  from  a  previous  run.  The configuration variable $file-
+              time_causality_theshhold, which in units of  seconds,  specifies
+              this threshold.  Luckily high precision is not needed.  The pre-
+              vious run is normally the previous run in a  human  run-edit-run
+              cycle,  and  is  at  least  many seconds back.  A few seconds is
+              therefore  appropriate  for  the  threshold,   $filetime_causal-
+              ity_theshhold;  it  should be non-negative always, and should be
+              bigger than 2 if a remote filesystem or network share is used.
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              45
+              If the difference in system times on the two systems  is  large,
 
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             47
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              is  at least the program start time, then it can be assumed that
-              the file was created in the current run.
 
-              Unfortunately, this test can fail if the file  is  on  a  remote
-              system,  since  its  system time is not necessarily synchronized
-              with that of the local system;  the  timestamps  on  the  remote
-              files  are set by the remote system, not the local system.  Gen-
-              erally, modern operating  systems  regularly  synchronize  their
-              time  with  a server, so the non-synchronization is mostly small
-              (a second or so, or a few seconds).  But even a small difference
-              can mess up latexmk's test.
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-              Latexmk measures the time difference between the time on the two
-              systems and compensates for this.  But  the  measurement  (in  a
-              system-independent way) is only accurate to a second or two.  So
-              latexmk allows for a threshold on the  difference  between  file
-              and  system  time  before it concludes that a file is a leftover
-              file from a previous  run.  The  configuration  variable  $file-
-              time_causality_theshhold,  which  in units of seconds, specifies
-              this threshold.  Luckily high precision is not needed.  The pre-
-              vious  run  is normally the previous run in a human run-edit-run
-              cycle, and is at least many seconds  back.   A  few  seconds  is
-              therefore   appropriate  for  the  threshold,  $filetime_causal-
-              ity_theshhold; it should be non-negative always, and  should  be
-              bigger than 2 if a remote filesystem or network share is used.
 
-              If  the  difference in system times on the two systems is large,
-              it normally indicates that at least one of the systems  is  mis-
-              configured.    The   variable  $filetime_offset_report_threshold
-              specifies the smallest size of the  difference  (or  offset)  in
-              seconds  between the times of the local and remote system beyond
-              which the offset is reported.  This is reported at the point  in
-              the  latexmk's  progress that it measures the offset. The report
+              it  normally  indicates that at least one of the systems is mis-
+              configured.   The   variable   $filetime_offset_report_threshold
+              specifies  the  smallest  size  of the difference (or offset) in
+              seconds between the times of the local and remote system  beyond
+              which  the offset is reported.  This is reported at the point in
+              the latexmk's progress that it measures the offset.  The  report
               is made if silent mode is used and diagnostic mode is not on.
 
 
        $force_mode [0]
-              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
+              If  nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors includ-
               ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
               -f option.
 
 
-       @generated_exts [( 'aux', 'bcf', 'fls',  'idx',  'ind',  'lof',  'lot',
+       @generated_exts  [(  'aux',  'bcf',  'fls', 'idx', 'ind', 'lof', 'lot',
        'out', 'toc', 'blg', 'ilg', 'log', 'xdv' )]
 
-              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
-              during processing, and that should  be  deleted  during  a  main
-              clean  up  operation,  as invoked by the command line option -c.
+              This contains a list of extensions for files that are  generated
+              during  processing,  and  that  should  be deleted during a main
+              clean up operation, as invoked by the command  line  option  -c.
               (The use of -C or -gg gives this clean up and more.)
 
-              The default values are extensions for standard  files  generated
-              by  *latex,  bibtex, and the like.  (Note that the clean up also
-              deletes the fdb_latexmk file, but that's separately  coded  into
+              The  default  values are extensions for standard files generated
+              by *latex, bibtex, and the like.  (Note that the clean  up  also
+              deletes  the  fdb_latexmk file, but that's separately coded into
               latexmk, currently.)
 
+              After initialization of latexmk and the processing of  its  com-
+              mand  line,  the  items  in  clean_ext  are  appended to @gener-
+              ated_exts.  So these two variables have the same  meaning  (con-
+              trary to older versions of latexmk).
 
+              The  items  in @generated_exts are normally extensions of files,
+              whose base name is the same as the main tex  file.   But  it  is
+              also  possible  to  specify patterns including that basename ---
+              see the explanation of the variable $clean_ext.
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              46
+              In addition to specifying files to be deleted in a clean up, la-
+              texmk  uses  the same specification to assist its examination of
+              changes in source files: Under some situations it needs to  find
+              those  changes in files (since a previous run) that are expected
+              to be due to the user editing a file.  This contrasts  with  the
+              cases of files that are generated by some program run by latexmk
+              and that differ from the results of the previous run.  This  use
+              of  @generated_exts is normally unimportant, given the usual ac-
+              curacy of latexmk's other ways of  determining  these  generated
+              files.
 
+              A  convenient way to add an extra extension to the list, without
+              losing the already defined ones is to use a push command in  the
+              line in an RC file.  E.g.,
 
+                              push @generated_exts, "end";
 
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+                               18 November 2022                             48
 
 
-              After  initialization  of latexmk and the processing of its com-
-              mand line, the  items  in  clean_ext  are  appended  to  @gener-
-              ated_exts.   So  these two variables have the same meaning (con-
-              trary to older versions of latexmk).
 
-              The items in @generated_exts are normally extensions  of  files,
-              whose  base  name  is  the same as the main tex file.  But it is
-              also possible to specify patterns including  that  basename  ---
-              see the explanation of the variable $clean_ext.
 
-              In addition to specifying files to be deleted in a clean up, la-
-              texmk uses the same specification to assist its  examination  of
-              changes  in source files: Under some situations it needs to find
-              those changes in files (since a previous run) that are  expected
-              to  be  due to the user editing a file.  This contrasts with the
-              cases of files that are generated by some program run by latexmk
-              and  that differ from the results of the previous run.  This use
-              of @generated_exts is normally unimportant, given the usual  ac-
-              curacy  of  latexmk's  other ways of determining these generated
-              files.
 
-              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
-              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the
-              line in an RC file.  E.g.,
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-                              push @generated_exts, "end";
 
               adds the extension "end" to the list of predefined generated ex-
-              tensions.   (This  extension  is used by the RevTeX package, for
+              tensions.  (This extension is used by the  RevTeX  package,  for
               example.)
 
 
        $go_mode [0]
-              If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is  then
+              If  nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is then
               equivalent to the -g option.
 
        %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
               !!!This variable is for experts only!!!
 
-              The  general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra run
-              of some program is needed is that one of the  source  files  has
-              changed.   But  consider for example a latex package that causes
-              an encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made  that
-              is  to  be read in on the next run.  The file contains a comment
-              line giving its creation date and time.  On  the  next  run  the
-              time  changes,  latex  sees  that  the eps file has changed, and
-              therefore reruns latex.  This causes an infinite loop,  that  is
-              only  terminated  because  latexmk  has a limit on the number of
+              The general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra  run
+              of  some  program  is needed is that one of the source files has
+              changed.  But consider for example a latex package  that  causes
+              an  encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made that
+              is to be read in on the next run.  The file contains  a  comment
+              line  giving  its  creation  date and time.  On the next run the
+              time changes, latex sees that the  eps  file  has  changed,  and
+              therefore  reruns  latex.  This causes an infinite loop, that is
+              only terminated because latexmk has a limit  on  the  number  of
               runs to guard against pathological situations.
 
               But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
@@ -3095,43 +3200,44 @@
 
                  $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';
 
+              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
+              ignore.   The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an item
+              in a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without  a
+              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
+              ing a regular expression.  (See documentation on  Perl  for  how
+              they  are  to be specified in general.)  This particular regular
+              expression specifies that lines beginning with  "%%CreationDate:
+              "  are to be ignored in deciding whether a file of the given ex-
+              tension .eps has changed.
 
+              There is only one regular expression available for  each  exten-
+              sion.   If you need more one pattern to specify lines to ignore,
+              then you need to combine the patterns into a single regular  ex-
+              pression.   The simplest method is separate the different simple
+              patterns by a vertical bar character  (indicating  "alternation"
+              in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              47
+                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'}  = '^%%CreationDate: |^%%Ti-
+              tle: ';
 
+              causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Ti-
+              tle: " to be ignored.
 
+              It  may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in, for
+              example, in a system or user initialization file, and  you  wish
+              to  remove  this  in a file that is read later.  To do this, you
 
 
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+                               18 November 2022                             49
 
 
-              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
-              ignore.  The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an  item
-              in  a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
-              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
-              ing  a  regular  expression.  (See documentation on Perl for how
-              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
-              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
-              " are to be ignored in deciding whether a file of the given  ex-
-              tension .eps has changed.
 
-              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
-              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
-              then  you need to combine the patterns into a single regular ex-
-              pression.  The simplest method is separate the different  simple
-              patterns  by  a vertical bar character (indicating "alternation"
-              in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,
 
-                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate:  |^%%Ti-
-              tle: ';
 
-              causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Ti-
-              tle: " to be ignored.
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-              It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in,  for
-              example,  in  a system or user initialization file, and you wish
-              to remove this in a file that is read later.  To  do  this,  you
+
               use Perl's delete function, e.g.,
 
                   delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};
@@ -3139,109 +3245,99 @@
 
        $jobname [""]
 
-              This  specifies the jobname, i.e., the basename that is used for
-              generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi, .ps,  .pdf,  etc).   If  this
-              variable  is a null string, then the basename is the basename of
-              the main tex file.  (At present, the string in  $jobname  should
+              This specifies the jobname, i.e., the basename that is used  for
+              generated  files  (.aux,  .log,  .dvi, .ps, .pdf, etc).  If this
+              variable is a null string, then the basename is the basename  of
+              the  main  tex file.  (At present, the string in $jobname should
               not contain spaces.)
 
-              The  placeholder  '%A' is permitted. This will be substituted by
+              The placeholder '%A' is permitted. This will be  substituted  by
               the basename of the TeX file.  The primary purpose is when a va-
-              riety  of  tex  files are to be processed, and you want to use a
-              different jobname for each but one that is  distinct  for  each.
-              Thus  if you wanted to compare compilations of a set of files on
+              riety of tex files are to be processed, and you want  to  use  a
+              different  jobname  for  each but one that is distinct for each.
+              Thus if you wanted to compare compilations of a set of files  on
               different operating systems, with distinct filenames for all the
               cases, you could set
 
                  $jobname = "%A-$^O";
 
-              in  an initialization file.  (Here $^O is a variable provided by
+              in an initialization file.  (Here $^O is a variable provided  by
               perl that contains perl's name for the operating system.)
 
-              Suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex.   Then  when
+              Suppose  you  had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex.  Then when
               you run
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              48
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
                  latexmk -pdf *.tex
 
-              both  files  will  be  compiled.  The .aux, .log, and .pdf files
-              will have basenames test1-MSWin32 ante test2-MSWin32  on  a  MS-
+              both files will be compiled.  The .aux,  .log,  and  .pdf  files
+              will  have  basenames  test1-MSWin32 ante test2-MSWin32 on a MS-
               Windows system, test1-darwin and test2-darwin on an OS-X system,
               and a variety of similar cases on linux systems.
 
 
        $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
-              The program called to locate a source file when the  name  alone
-              is  not  sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk have suffi-
+              The  program  called to locate a source file when the name alone
+              is not sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk  have  suffi-
               cient path information to be found directly.  But sometimes, no-
               tably when a .bib or a .bst file is found from the log file of a
-              bibtex or biber run, only the base name of the  file  is  known,
+              bibtex  or  biber  run, only the base name of the file is known,
               but not its path. The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to
               find it.
 
-              (For advanced users: Because of the different way in  which  la-
+              (For  advanced  users: Because of the different way in which la-
               texmk uses the command specified in $kpsewhich, some of the pos-
               sibilities listed in the FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS do not
-              apply.   The  internal  and  start keywords are not available. A
+              apply.  The internal and start keywords  are  not  available.  A
               simple command specification with possible options and then "%S"
-              is  all  that  is  guaranteed to work.  Note that for other com-
+              is all that is guaranteed to work.  Note  that  for  other  com-
               mands, "%S" is substituted by a single source file. In contrast,
               for $kpsewhich, "%S" may be substituted by a long list of space-
-              separated filenames, each of which is  quoted.   The  result  on
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             50
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+              separated  filenames,  each  of  which is quoted.  The result on
               STDOUT of running the command is then piped to latexmk.)
 
-              See  also  the  @BIBINPUTS variable for another way that latexmk
+              See also the @BIBINPUTS variable for another  way  that  latexmk
               also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
               .bib files.
 
        $kpsewhich_show [0]
-              Whether  to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich: the
-              command line use to invoke it and the results.   These  diagnos-
-              tics  are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if diagnostics
-              mode is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other  diagnostics
-              are  also  shown.)   Without  these diagnostics there is nothing
-              visible in latexmk's screen output about  invocations  of  kpse-
+              Whether to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich:  the
+              command  line  use to invoke it and the results.  These diagnos-
+              tics are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if  diagnostics
+              mode  is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other diagnostics
+              are also shown.)  Without these  diagnostics  there  is  nothing
+              visible  in  latexmk's  screen output about invocations of kpse-
               which.
 
        $landscape_mode [0]
               If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
-              viewers and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the  -l
+              viewers  and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the -l
               option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.
 
        $latex ["latex %O %S"]
-              Specifies  the  command  line  for the LaTeX processing program.
-              Note that as with other programs, you can use this variable  not
-              just  to  change  the name of the program used, but also specify
+              Specifies the command line for  the  LaTeX  processing  program.
+              Note  that as with other programs, you can use this variable not
+              just to change the name of the program used,  but  also  specify
               options to the program.  E.g.,
 
                                   $latex = "latex --src-specials %O %S";
 
+              To  do  a  coordinated  setting  of all of $dvilualatex, $latex,
+              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see  the  section  "Advanced
+              Configuration".
 
 
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              49
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
-              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".
-
-
        %latex_input_extensions
               This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
               finds that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has  not
@@ -3262,6 +3358,18 @@
               put_ext.   They are used as in the following examples are possi-
               ble lines in an initialization file:
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             51
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
                   remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );
 
               removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions
@@ -3292,18 +3400,6 @@
 
               Under  MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/Linux), there is no standard pro-
               gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              50
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
               option "/p":
 
@@ -3329,6 +3425,17 @@
 
                   $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             52
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
               to  make  the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around
               the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
@@ -3340,43 +3447,32 @@
               is  to be used when the lualatex program is called for (e.g., by
               the option -lualatex.
 
-              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
-              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".
+              To do a coordinated setting  of  all  of  $dvilualatex,  $latex,
+              $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex, see the section "Advanced
+              Configuration".
 
 
        %lualatex_input_extensions
-              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
-              finds that a lualatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
-              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
-              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
-              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
+              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
+              finds  that  a lualatex run resulted in an error that a file has
+              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
+              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
+              put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
               file does not exist.
 
-              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
-              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
-              specified by the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
+              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
+              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
+              specified  by  the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.  The de-
               fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.
 
               See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              51
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               that equally applies to %lualatex_input_extensions.
 
        $lualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
-              Switch(es) for the lualatex program (specified in  the  variable
+              Switch(es)  for  the lualatex program (specified in the variable
               $lualatex) when silent mode is on.
 
-              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
+              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
               that equally applies to $lualatex_silent_switch.
 
        $make ["make"]
@@ -3386,20 +3482,32 @@
               The index processing program.
 
        $makeindex_fudge [0]
-              When using makeindex, whether to change  directory  to  $aux_dir
-              before  running  makeindex.   Set to 1 if $aux_dir is not an ex-
-              plicit subdirectory of current  directory,  otherwise  makeindex
+              When  using  makeindex,  whether to change directory to $aux_dir
+              before running makeindex.  Set to 1 if $aux_dir is  not  an  ex-
+              plicit  subdirectory  of  current directory, otherwise makeindex
               will refuse to write its output and log files, for security rea-
               sons.
 
        $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
-              Switch(es) for the index processing program when silent mode  is
+              Switch(es)  for the index processing program when silent mode is
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             53
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               on.
 
        $max_repeat [5]
-              The  maximum  number of times latexmk will run *latex before de-
-              ciding that there may be an infinite loop and that it  needs  to
-              bail  out,  rather than rerunning *latex again to resolve cross-
+              The maximum number of times latexmk will run *latex  before  de-
+              ciding  that  there may be an infinite loop and that it needs to
+              bail out, rather than rerunning *latex again to  resolve  cross-
               references, etc.  The default value covers all normal cases.
 
               (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of cases where one run of *la-
@@ -3406,113 +3514,101 @@
               tex generates files to be read in on a later run.)
 
        $MSWin_back_slash [1]
-              This  configuration  variable only has an effect when latexmk is
-              running under MS-Windows.  With the default value of 1 for  this
-              variable,  when  a command is executed under MS-Windows, latexmk
-              substitutes "\" for the separator character  between  components
-              of  a  directory name.  Internally, latexmk uses "/" for the di-
-              rectory separator character, which  is  the  character  used  by
+              This configuration variable only has an effect when  latexmk  is
+              running  under MS-Windows.  With the default value of 1 for this
+              variable, when a command is executed under  MS-Windows,  latexmk
+              substitutes  "\"  for the separator character between components
+              of a directory name.  Internally, latexmk uses "/" for  the  di-
+              rectory  separator  character,  which  is  the character used by
               Unix-like systems.
 
-              For  almost  all programs and for almost all filenames under MS-
-              Windows, both "\" and "/" are acceptable as the directory  sepa-
-              rator  character,  provided at least that filenames are properly
+              For almost all programs and for almost all filenames  under  MS-
+              Windows,  both "\" and "/" are acceptable as the directory sepa-
+              rator character, provided at least that filenames  are  properly
               quoted.  But it is possible that programs exist that only accept
-              "\"  on  the  command line, since that is the standard directory
-              separator for MS-Windows.  So for safety latexmk makes the  sub-
+              "\" on the command line, since that is  the  standard  directory
+              separator  for MS-Windows.  So for safety latexmk makes the sub-
               stitution from "/" to "\", by default.
 
-              However  there  are also programs on MS-Windows for which a back
-              slash  "\"  is  interpreted  differently  than  as  a  directory
+              However there are also programs on MS-Windows for which  a  back
+              slash "\" is interpreted differently than as a directory separa-
+              tor; for these the directory separator should be "/".   Programs
+              with  this  behavior  include  all  the  *latex  programs in the
+              TeXLive implementation  (but  not  the  MiKTeX  implementation).
+              Hence  if  you use TeXLive on MS-Windows, then $MSWin_back_slash
+              should be set to zero.
 
 
+       $new_viewer_always [0]
+              This variable applies  to  latexmk  only  in  continuous-preview
+              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
+              viously running previewer on the same file, and if one  is  run-
+              ning  will  not  start a new one.  If $new_viewer_always is non-
+              zero, this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as  if
+              no viewer is running.
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              52
+       $out_dir [""]
+              If  non-blank,  this  variable  specifies the directory in which
+              output files are to be written by a run of *latex.  See also the
+              variable $aux_dir.
 
+              The  effect of this variable (when non-blank) is achieved by us-
+              ing the -output-directory option of *latex.  This exists in  the
+              usual  current  (Dec.  2011  and  later) implementations of TeX,
+              i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive. But it may not  be  present  in  other
 
 
 
+                               18 November 2022                             54
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-              separator;  for  these  the  directory  separator should be "/".
-              Programs with this behavior include all the *latex  programs  in
-              the  TeXLive implementation (but not the MiKTeX implementation).
-              Hence if you use TeXLive on MS-Windows,  then  $MSWin_back_slash
-              should be set to zero.
 
 
-       $new_viewer_always [0]
-              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
-              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
-              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
-              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
-              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
-              no viewer is running.
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
-       $out_dir [""]
-              If non-blank, this variable specifies  the  directory  in  which
-              output files are to be written by a run of *latex.  See also the
-              variable $aux_dir.
 
-              The effect of this variable (when non-blank) is achieved by  us-
-              ing  the -output-directory option of *latex.  This exists in the
-              usual current (Dec. 2011  and  later)  implementations  of  TeX,
-              i.e.,  MiKTeX  and  TeXLive.  But it may not be present in other
               versions.
 
-              If you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir)  con-
-              tains  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative to
+              If  you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir) con-
+              tains a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative  to
               the document directory.
 
-              Commonly, the directory specified for output files is  a  subdi-
+              Commonly,  the  directory specified for output files is a subdi-
               rectory of the current working directory.  However, if you spec-
-              ify some other directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo"  or  "../output",  be
-              aware  that  this  could cause problems, e.g., with makeindex or
-              bibtex.  This is because modern versions of these  programs,  by
-              default,  will refuse to work when they find that they are asked
-              to write to a file in a directory that appears  not  to  be  the
+              ify  some  other  directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo" or "../output", be
+              aware that this could cause problems, e.g.,  with  makeindex  or
+              bibtex.   This  is because modern versions of these programs, by
+              default, will refuse to work when they find that they are  asked
+              to  write  to  a  file in a directory that appears not to be the
               current working directory or one of its subdirectories.  This is
-              part of security measures by the whole TeX system  that  try  to
+              part  of  security  measures by the whole TeX system that try to
               prevent malicious or errant TeX documents from incorrectly mess-
               ing with a user's files.  If for $out_dir or $aux_dir you really
-              do  need to specify an absolute pathname (e.g., "/tmp/foo") or a
+              do need to specify an absolute pathname (e.g., "/tmp/foo") or  a
               path (e.g., "../output") that includes a higher-level directory,
-              and  you  need to use makeindex or bibtex, then you need to dis-
-              able the security measures (and assume any risks).  One  way  of
+              and you need to use makeindex or bibtex, then you need  to  dis-
+              able  the  security measures (and assume any risks).  One way of
               doing this is to temporarily set an operating system environment
-              variable openout_any to "a" (as in "all"), to override  the  de-
+              variable  openout_any  to "a" (as in "all"), to override the de-
               fault "paranoid" setting.
 
        $pdf_mode [0]
-              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
-              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
-              tex,  using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.  If
-              equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from  the  ps
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              53
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-              file,  by  using  the command specified by the $ps2pdf variable.
-              If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document  from  the
-              dvi  file,  by  using the command specified by the $dvipdf vari-
+              If zero, do NOT generate a pdf  version  of  the  document.   If
+              equal  to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using pdfla-
+              tex, using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.   If
+              equal  to  2, generate a pdf version of the document from the ps
+              file, by using the command specified by  the  $ps2pdf  variable.
+              If  equal  to 3, generate a pdf version of the document from the
+              dvi file, by using the command specified by  the  $dvipdf  vari-
               able.  If equal to 4, generate a pdf version of the document us-
               ing lualatex, using the command specified by the $lualatex vari-
-              able.  If equal to 5, generate a pdf version (and  an  xdv  ver-
-              sion)  of  the document using xelatex, using the commands speci-
+              able.   If  equal  to 5, generate a pdf version (and an xdv ver-
+              sion) of the document using xelatex, using the  commands  speci-
               fied by the $xelatex and xdvipdfmx variables.
 
-              In $pdf_mode=2, it is ensured that .dvi and .ps files  are  also
-              made.   In  $pdf_mode=3,  it is ensured that a .dvi file is also
+              In  $pdf_mode=2,  it is ensured that .dvi and .ps files are also
+              made.  In $pdf_mode=3, it is ensured that a .dvi  file  is  also
               made.  But this may be overridden by the document.
 
        $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
@@ -3524,15 +3620,29 @@
 
                    $pdflatex = "pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S";
 
-              (In some earlier versions of latexmk, you needed to use  an  as-
-              signment  to  $pdflatex  to allow the use of lualatex or xelatex
+              (In  some  earlier versions of latexmk, you needed to use an as-
+              signment to $pdflatex to allow the use of  lualatex  or  xelatex
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             55
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               instead of pdflatex.  There are now separate configuration vari-
-              ables  for  the  use  of lualatex or xelatex.  See $lualatex and
+              ables for the use of lualatex or  xelatex.   See  $lualatex  and
               $xelatex.)
 
-              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
-              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".
+              To  do  a  coordinated  setting  of all of $dvilualatex, $latex,
+              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see  the  section  "Advanced
+              Configuration".
 
+
        %pdflatex_input_extensions
               This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
               finds that a pdflatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
@@ -3556,18 +3666,6 @@
               See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
               that equally applies to $pdflatex_silent_switch.
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              54
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
               The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.
 
@@ -3590,6 +3688,18 @@
               ample, SumatraPDF or gsview is used to view pdf files.
 
               Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             56
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
               minate before continuing its work.  So normally you should  pre-
               fix  the  command  by  "start  ", which flags to latexmk that it
@@ -3623,17 +3733,6 @@
                   $pdf_update_method = 4;
                   $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              55
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               The first setting arranges for the xpdf program to  be  used  in
               its  "remote server mode", with the server name specified as the
               rootname of the TeX file.  The second setting arranges  for  up-
@@ -3655,6 +3754,18 @@
               with their default settings of $pscmd.
 
               Setting the variable to -1 is used to indicate  that  $pscmd  is
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             57
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               not to be used.
 
        $postscript_mode [0]
@@ -3688,18 +3799,6 @@
               option.   Which  previewer is run depends on the other settings,
               see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.
 
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              56
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        $preview_mode [0]
               If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
               to  the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the other
@@ -3721,6 +3820,18 @@
               The  -pvc  option  uses  the  command  specified by the variable
               $pscmd to determine if there is an  already  running  previewer,
               and  to  find  the process ID (needed if latexmk needs to signal
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             58
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               the previewer about file changes).
 
               Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
@@ -3754,18 +3865,6 @@
 
               WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
               of  gv  under  different  names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              57
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               perhaps not one actually called gv.
 
               Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
@@ -3788,6 +3887,17 @@
               command, this is the command that is run.  See  the  information
               for the variable $ps_update_method.
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             59
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
               How  the postscript viewer updates its display when the .ps file
               has changed.  See  the  information  on  the  variable  $dvi_up-
@@ -3819,19 +3929,6 @@
               The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
               applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).
 
-
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              58
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        $quote_filenames [1]
               This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
               specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
@@ -3852,12 +3949,24 @@
               read.
 
        $recorder [1]
-              Whether to use the -recorder option to (latex Use of this option
-              results in a file of extension .fls containing  a  list  of  the
-              files  that  these programs have read and written.  Latexmk will
-              then use this file to improve its detection of source files  and
-              generated files after a run of *latex.
+              Whether  to use the -recorder option to *latex.  Use of this op-
+              tion results in a file of extension .fls containing  a  list  of
+              the  files  that  these programs have read and written.  Latexmk
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             60
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+              will then use this file to improve its detection of source files
+              and generated files after a run of *latex.
+
               It  is generally recommended to use this option (or to configure
               the $recorder variable to be on.)  But it only works  if  *latex
               supports  the  -recorder  option, which is true for most current
@@ -3886,18 +3995,6 @@
               output or aux directories.]
 
               The  default  under  MSWin and Cygwin is ';' and under UNIX-like
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              59
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               operating systems (including Linux and OS-X) is  ':'.   Normally
               the  defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be difficul-
               ties if your operating system is of one kind, but some  of  your
@@ -3922,6 +4019,17 @@
               lence_logfile_warning_list   and  -silence_logfile_warning_list-
               also set this variable.
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             61
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               Note that multiple occurrences for the same undefined object  on
               the same page and same line will be compressed to a single warn-
               ing.
@@ -3951,19 +4059,6 @@
        $success_cmd [undefined]
               See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.
 
-
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              60
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        $tmpdir [See below for default]
               Directory  to  store  temporary  files that latexmk may generate
               while running.
@@ -3990,6 +4085,17 @@
               do this.  The intent of calling make from latexmk is  merely  to
               detect dependencies.
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             62
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $view ["default"]
               Which  kind  of  file is to be previewed if a previewer is used.
               The possible values are  "default",  "dvi",  "ps",  "pdf".   The
@@ -4018,18 +4124,6 @@
 
               The default behavior is normally satisfactory in the usual edit-
               compile-edit  cycle.  But, for example, latexmk can also be used
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              61
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               as part of a build process for some bigger  project,  e.g.,  for
               creating  documentation  in the build of a software application.
               Then it is often sensible to treat citation and reference  warn-
@@ -4051,9 +4145,26 @@
               that one or more of the commands isn't set.)
 
 
+       $xdv_mode [0]
+              If one, generate an xdv version of the document by use of  xela-
+              tex.
+
+
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             63
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -E -o %D %O %S"]
 
-              The program to make a pdf file from an xdv file  (used  in  con-
+              The  program  to  make a pdf file from an xdv file (used in con-
               junction with xelatex when $pdf_mode=5).
 
        $xdvipdfmx_silent_switch ["-q"]
@@ -4060,22 +4171,23 @@
               Switch(es) for the xdvipdfmx program when silent mode is on.
 
        $xelatex ["xelatex %O %S"]
-              Specifies  the  command line for the LaTeX processing program of
-              when the xelatex program is called for.  See  the  documentation
-              of  the -xelatex option for some special properties of latexmk's
+              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing  program  of
+              when  the  xelatex program is called for.  See the documentation
+              of the -xelatex option for some special properties of  latexmk's
               use of xelatex.
 
-              Note about xelatex: latexmk uses xelatex to make an .xdv  rather
-              than  .pdf  file, with the .pdf file being created in a separate
+              Note  about xelatex: latexmk uses xelatex to make an .xdv rather
+              than .pdf file, with the .pdf file being created in  a  separate
               step.  This is enforced by the use of the -no-pdf option.  If %O
-              is  part  of the command for invoking xelatex, then latexmk will
+              is part of the command for invoking xelatex, then  latexmk  will
               insert the -no-pdf option automatically, otherwise you must pro-
-              vide  the option yourself.  See the documentation for the -pdfxe
+              vide the option yourself.  See the documentation for the  -pdfxe
               option for why latexmk makes a .xdv file rather than a .pdf file
               when xelatex is used.
 
-              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
-              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".
+              To do a coordinated setting  of  all  of  $dvilualatex,  $latex,
+              $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex, see the section "Advanced
+              Configuration".
 
 
        %xelatex_input_extensions
@@ -4084,18 +4196,6 @@
               not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
               This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
               put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              62
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               file does not exist.
 
               In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
@@ -4116,6 +4216,18 @@
 
 
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             64
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
 CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
        In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
        file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
@@ -4150,18 +4262,6 @@
        must:  If  non-zero,  the file from which we are converting must exist,
               if it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and  exit
               unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              63
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
               we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action  is  taken.
               Generally, the appropriate value of must is zero.
 
@@ -4184,6 +4284,16 @@
        tom dependencies to be sent to the screen output.
 
 
+
+                               18 November 2022                             65
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
    How custom dependencies are used:
        An instance of a custom dependency rule is created whenever latexmk de-
        tects that a run of *latex needs to read a file, like a graphics  file,
@@ -4216,18 +4326,6 @@
        Note  for  advanced  usage: The operating system's environment variable
        TEXINPUTS can be used to specify a search path for finding files by la-
        tex  etc.   Correspondingly,  when  a missing file is reported, latexmk
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              64
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        looks in the directories specified in TEXINPUTS as well as in the  cur-
        rent  directory, to find a source file from which an instance of a cus-
        tom dependency can be used to make the missing file.
@@ -4249,8 +4347,20 @@
 
        The first line adds a custom dependency that converts a file  with  ex-
        tension "fig", as created by the xfig program, to an encapsulated post-
-       script file, with extension "eps".  The remaining lines define  a  sub-
-       routine  that  carries  out  the  conversion.  If a rule for converting
+       script file, with  extension  "eps".   The  remaining  lines  define  a
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             66
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+       subroutine  that  carries out the conversion.  If a rule for converting
        "fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from  a  previously  read-in
        initialization  file),  the latexmk will delete this rule before making
        the new one.
@@ -4282,18 +4392,6 @@
            }
 
        Note  1: In the command lines given in the system commands in the above
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              65
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        examples, double quotes have been inserted around the file  names  (im-
        plemented  by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running of
        the program against special characters in filenames.  Very often  these
@@ -4316,6 +4414,18 @@
        Note  3:  The subroutines implementing custom dependencies in the exam-
        ples given just have  a  single  line  invoking  an  external  program.
        That's  the usual situation.  But since the subroutines are in the Perl
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             67
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        language, you can implement much more  complicated  processing  if  you
        need it.
 
@@ -4347,26 +4457,14 @@
        file.  This method has been available since very old  versions  of  la-
        texmk, and many examples can be found, e.g., on the web.
 
-       However  in  later  versions  of  latexmk the internal structure of the
+       However  in later versions of latexmk the internal structure of the im-
+       plementation of its "rules" for the steps of processing, including cus-
+       tom dependencies, became much more powerful.  The function implementing
+       a custom dependency is executed within a special context where a number
+       of  extra  variables  and subroutines are defined.  Publicly documented
+       ones, intended to be long-term stable,  are  listed  below,  under  the
+       heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".
 
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              66
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-       implementation of its "rules" for the steps  of  processing,  including
-       custom  dependencies,  became  much more powerful.  The function imple-
-       menting a custom dependency is executed within a special context  where
-       a number of extra variables and subroutines are defined.  Publicly doc-
-       umented ones, intended to be long-term stable, are listed below,  under
-       the heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".
-
        Examples  of  their  use is given in the following examples, concerning
        multiple index files and glossaries.
 
@@ -4382,6 +4480,18 @@
        follows:
 
            add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'ndx2nnd' );
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             68
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
            sub ndx2nnd {
                return system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx\"" );
            }
@@ -4414,18 +4524,6 @@
            push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';
 
        This  last example uses the command specification in $makeindex, and so
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              67
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        any customization you have made for the standard index also applies  to
        your extra indexes.
 
@@ -4447,13 +4545,25 @@
 
    Old Method of Defining Custom Dependencies:
        In much older versions of latexmk, the only method of  defining  custom
-       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
-       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
-       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
-       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
-       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
-       were all defined above.
+       dependencies   was   to   directly   manipulate  the  table  of  custom
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             69
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
+       dependencies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is  an
+       array  of  strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it,
+       each separated by a space, the from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the
+       "must"  item, and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.
+       These were all defined above.
+
        An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
        lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
        .fig files to .eps files:
@@ -4479,22 +4589,10 @@
 
        See  also the section DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC.  See also the
        examples in the directory example_rcfiles in the latexmk distributions.
-       Even  if  none  of  the  examples apply to your case, they may give you
+       Even if none of the examples apply to your case, they may give you use-
+       ful ideas
 
 
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              68
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-       useful ideas
-
-
    Utility subroutines
        ensure_path( var, values ...)
 
@@ -4515,6 +4613,17 @@
               to mean that *latex search for files in the specified  directory
               and in all subdirectories.)
 
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             70
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
               Technically   ensure_path   works  by  setting  Perl's  variable
               $ENV{var}, where var is the name of the  target  variable.   The
               changed  value  is then passed as an environment variable to any
@@ -4545,19 +4654,6 @@
               This gives the name of the primary source file.  Note the double
               dollar signs.
 
-
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              69
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
        $$Pdest
               This gives the name of the main output file if  any.   Note  the
               double dollar signs.
@@ -4582,6 +4678,18 @@
               This subroutine removes one or more files  from  the  dependency
               list for the given rule.
 
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             71
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        rdb_list_source( $rule )
               This  subroutine returns the list of source files (i.e., the de-
               pendency list) for the given rule.
@@ -4608,45 +4716,46 @@
 
 
    Coordinated Setting of Commands for *latex
-       To set all of $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex  to  a  common
-       pattern,  you  can  use one of the following subroutines, std_tex_cmds,
-       alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.
+       To set all of $dvilualatex, $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and  $xelatex
+       to  a  common  pattern,  you  can use one of the following subroutines,
+       std_tex_cmds, alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.
 
+       They work as follows
 
+          &std_tex_cmds;
 
+       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for $dvilualatex,
+       $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex.  Note the ampersand in the invoca-
+       tion; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              70
+          &alt_tex_cmds;
 
+       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %P', and similarly for $dvilualatex,
+       $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex.  Note the ampersand in the invoca-
+       tion; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.
 
+         set_tex_cmds( CMD_SPEC );
 
+       Here CMD_SPEC is the command line without the program  name.  This  re-
+       sults  in  $latex = 'latex CMD_SPEC', and similarly for $pdflatex, $lu-
+       alatex, and $xelatex. An example would be
 
+         set_tex_cmds( '--interaction=batchmode %O %S' );
 
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-       They work as follows
 
-          &std_tex_cmds;
 
-       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %S', and  similarly  for  $pdflatex,
-       $lualatex,  and  $xelatex.   Note the ampersand in the invocation; this
-       indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.
 
-          &alt_tex_cmds;
+                               18 November 2022                             72
 
-       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %P', and  similarly  for  $pdflatex,
-       $lualatex,  and  $xelatex.   Note the ampersand in the invocation; this
-       indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.
 
-         set_tex_cmds( CMD_SPEC );
 
-       Here CMD_SPEC is the command line without the program  name.  This  re-
-       sults  in  $latex = 'latex CMD_SPEC', and similarly for $pdflatex, $lu-
-       alatex, and $xelatex. An example would be
 
-         set_tex_cmds( '--interaction=batchmode %O %S' );
 
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
+
    Advanced configuration: Using latexmk with make
        This section is targeted only at advanced users who use the  make  pro-
        gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
@@ -4677,21 +4786,9 @@
        could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
        a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.
 
-       In  this  section,  I  give  a couple of examples of how latexmk can be
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              71
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
-       usefully invoked from a Makefile.  The examples use  specific  features
-       of current versions of GNU make, which is the default on both linux and
+       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
+       fully invoked from a Makefile.  The examples use specific  features  of
+       current  versions  of  GNU make, which is the default on both linux and
        OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.
 
        The simplest method is simply to delegate all the relevant tasks to la-
@@ -4713,6 +4810,18 @@
 
        The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
        file,  and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is a
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             73
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
        try.pdf.   So  when  make is invoked, by default it makes try.pdf.  The
        only complication is  that  there  may  be  many  source  files  beyond
@@ -4744,18 +4853,6 @@
                    mkdir $@
             %.pdf : %.tex
                    if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
-
-
-
-                                 17 March 2022                              72
-
-
-
-
-
-LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
-
-
                    $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
             %.pdf : %.fig
                    fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@
@@ -4779,6 +4876,18 @@
        tion,  which  improves its detection of files generated during a run of
        pdflatex; such files should not be in the dependency list.  The -e  op-
        tions  are  used  to  turn off all custom dependencies, and to document
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             74
+
+
+
+
+
+LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
+
+
        this.  Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of  missing
        files to make itself.
 
@@ -4794,10 +4903,24 @@
        delegated to make.
 
 
+NON_ASCII CHARACTERS IN FILENAMES, RC FILES, ETC
+       Modern operating systems and file systems allow non-ASCII characters in
+       the  names  of  files  and  directories that encompass the full Unicode
+       range.  Mostly, latexmk deals with these correctly.  However, there are
+       some  situations in which there are problems, notably on Microsoft Win-
+       dows.  Prior to version 4.77, latexmk had problems with non-ASCII file-
+       names  on  Windows, even though there were no corresponding problems on
+       macOS and Linux.  These problems are corrected in the present version.
+
+       DETAILS TO BE FILLED IN
+
+
+
 SEE ALSO
        latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).
 
-BUGS
+
+BUGS (SELECTED)
        Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
        its  creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work around:
        manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
@@ -4810,32 +4933,32 @@
        manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
        Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated
        file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/Linux views
+       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
+       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
+       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk  to  use  suma-
+       trapdf instead.)
 
+THANKS TO
+       Authors  of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and es-
+       pecially David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many
+       useful  suggestions  that contributed to version 3, and Herbert Schulz.
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              73
 
+                               18 November 2022                             75
 
 
 
 
+
 LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)
 
 
-       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
-       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
-       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk  to  use  suma-
-       trapdf instead.)
-
-THANKS TO
-       Authors  of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and es-
-       pecially David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many
-       useful  suggestions  that contributed to version 3, and Herbert Schulz.
        (Please note that the e-mail addresses are not written in  their  stan-
        dard form to avoid being harvested too easily.)
 
 AUTHOR
-       Current  version,  by  John Collins (Version 4.77).  Report bugs etc to
+       Current  version,  by  John Collins (Version 4.78).  Report bugs etc to
        his e-mail (jcc8 at psu.edu).
 
        Released     version     can      be      obtained      from      CTAN:
@@ -4879,6 +5002,15 @@
 
 
 
-                                 17 March 2022                              74
 
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                               18 November 2022                             76
+
+

Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl	2022-11-19 00:49:28 UTC (rev 65053)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/scripts/latexmk/latexmk.pl	2022-11-19 21:12:09 UTC (rev 65054)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
-
 use warnings;
 
+
 ## Copyright John Collins 1998-2022
 ##           (username jcc8 at node psu.edu)
 ##      (and thanks to David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) 
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
 
 $my_name = 'latexmk';
 $My_name = 'Latexmk';
-$version_num = '4.77';
-$version_details = "$My_name, John Collins, 17 Mar. 2022. Version $version_num";
+$version_num = '4.78';
+$version_details = "$My_name, John Collins, 18 Nov. 2022. Version $version_num";
 
 use Config;
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Copy;
-use File::Spec;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw( catfile file_name_is_absolute rel2abs );
 
 # If possible, use better glob, which does not use space as item separator.
 # It's either File::Glob::bsd_glob or File::Glob::glob
@@ -91,16 +91,13 @@
 use utf8;  # For UTF-8 strings in **this** script
 use feature 'unicode_strings';
 use feature 'say';
-use bytes;  # To avoid messes when we use string operations on byte-coded/encoded
-            # filename strings.
 
+
 # Coding:
 # 1. $CS_system = CS for file names in file system calls, and for CL.
 #    It's to be UTF-8 on all except: MSWin when the MSWin system code page is
 #    not 65001.
 # 2. Internally use CS_system generally, and especially for filenames.
-#    Note with "use bytes;", even **de**coded strings have length and contents
-#    in terms of bytes with UTF-8 coding.
 #    Then standard file system calls, print to terminal don't need encoding,
 #    and things in rc files work unchanged from earlier versions of latexmk,
 #    when I didn't treat non-ASCII coding issues explicitly.
@@ -113,10 +110,11 @@
 #    the PWD is in CS_system on all but most recent *latex (that's a bug).
 #    Convert file/path names to CS_system.
 # 7. Don't support non-UTF-8 on *nix.
-# 8. Do NOT do any conversion to a NF for Unicode: File systems are **either**
-#    normalization-sensitive (NTFS, ext4) and we need to preserve
-#    normalization, **or** they are normalization-insensitve (hfs+, apfs),
-#    in which case we can access a file with any normalization for its name.
+# 8. Do NOT do any conversion to a NF for Unicode: File systems and OS calls
+#    to access them are **either** normalization-sensitive (I think, e.g.,
+#    ext4) and we need to preserve normalization, **or** they are
+#    normalization-insensitve (e.g., hfs+, apfs), in which case we can access
+#    a file with any normalization for its name.
 #
 # N.B.  I18N::Langinfo often doesn't give useful enough information.
 
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@
 our $CS_system;
 $CS_system = 'UTF-8';
 # Quick short cut for tests of whether conversions needed:
-our $utf8_used = 1;
+our $no_CP_conversions = 1;
 
 # Win32 specific CP **numbers**.  Initialize to 65001 (utf-8), and change
 # by results of system calls.
@@ -152,18 +150,19 @@
     };
     if ($@) { warn "Trouble finding and setting code pages used by Windows:\n",
               "  $@",
-              "  ILL CONTINUE WITH UTF-8.\n"; 
+              "  I'LL CONTINUE WITH UTF-8.\n"; 
     }
     else {
         $Win_revert_settings =
               ($CP_init_Win_console_in ne $CP_Win_system)
               || ($CP_init_Win_console_out ne $CP_Win_system);
+        print
+        "Initial Win CP for (console input, console output, system): ",
+        "(CP$CP_init_Win_console_in, CP$CP_init_Win_console_out, CP$CP_Win_system)\n",
+        "I changed them all to CP$CP_Win_system\n";
     }
-    print "Win CP console initial and current in/out Win: ",
-        "($CP_init_Win_console_in, $CP_init_Win_console_out), ",
-        "($CP_Win_system, $CP_Win_system)\n";
 }
-$utf8_used = ($CS_system eq 'UTF-8') || ($CS_system eq 'CP65001');
+$no_CP_conversions = ($CS_system eq 'UTF-8') || ($CS_system eq 'CP65001');
 
 # Ensure that on ctrl/C interruption, etc, Windows console CPs are restored:
 use sigtrap qw(die untrapped normal-signals);
@@ -176,45 +175,105 @@
     }
 }
 
-print "Coding system for system and terminal: '$CS_system'\n---\n"
-    unless $utf8_used;
-
 ########################################################
 
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 #            Unicode manipuation and normalization
+# Notes about Perl strings:
+# 1. Strings have a flag utf8.
+#    a. If the utf8 flag is on, the string is to be interpreted as a sequence
+#       of code points.
+#       When "use utf8;" is used, a string containing non-ASCII characters
+#       has the utf8 flag set.
+#       If 'no bytes;' is in effect, the ordinal value for each item in the
+#       string is the Unicode code point value.
+#    b. If the utf8 flag is off for a string, the string is a sequence of
+#       bytes, to be interpreted according to whatever CS the user happens
+#       to choose to use.
+#    c. The utf8 flag is NOT to be interpreted as saying that the string is
+#       encoded as UTF-8, even though under the hood that may be the case.
+#    d. Indeed, setting 'use bytes;' appears to expose the internal
+#       byte-level representation of a string with the utf8 flag set, and
+#       that appears to be UTF-8.
+# 2. The utf8 flag is quite confusing in its meaning.
+# 3. When encode is applied to a string whose utf8 flag is on, the result
+#    is a string with the utf8 flag off, and the result consists of a sequence
+#    of bytes in the chosen encoding scheme, which may be chosen as UTF-8.
+# 4. Strings received from the command line have the utf8 flag off and are
+#    encoded in whatever CS the OS/terminal is using.
+# 5. When a string is supplied to print (or c), by default:
+#    a. If the utf8 flag is off or if 'use bytes;' is in effect, then the
+#       string is sent as a sequence of bytes.  They are UTF-8 coded if
+#       the utf8 flag is on and 'use bytes;' is in effect.
+#    b. If the utf8 flag is on and if 'no bytes;' is in effect, then mostly
+#       garbage results for non-ASCII characters; the string must first be
+#       encoded as a byte string, in the CS suitable for the OS.
+#    c. Correct results are obtained when the utf8 flag is on and 'no bytes'
+#       is used when the binmode for the file handle is set suitably.
+# 6. Generally OS calls and interactions with the OS need encoded byte strings.
+# 7. Even more generally, interaction with the external world, including file
+#    contents is in terms of byte strings, with some CS chosen by default, by
+#    the user, or the OS.  Unix-like OSs: Default is UTF-8, but as much by
+#    convention as by a requirement of the OS.
 
-
 #-------------------------------------
 
-sub analyze_string {
-    # Useful for debugging encoding issues.
-    my ($m,$s) = @_;
-    say "=== $m '$s':";
-    say(
-        'Perl flag = ',
-        (utf8::is_utf8($s) ? 'utf8' : 'NOT utf8'),
-          ", len = ", length($s)
-        );
-    my @code = unpack( 'U*', $s );
-    @code = map { sprintf('%4X', $_) }  @code;
-    say join( ' ', @code );
+sub utf8_to_mine {
+    # Given string encoded in UTF-8, return encoded string in my current CS.
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
+    else { return  encode( $CS_system, decode('UTF-8', $_[0])); }  
 }
 
-#==================
+#-------------------------------------
 
-sub utf8_to_mine {
+sub utf8_to_mine_errors {
     # Given string encoded in UTF-8, return encoded string in my current CS.
-    if  ($utf8_used) { return $_[0]; }
-    else { return  encode( $CS_system, decode('UTF-8', $_[0])); }  
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    # Assume coding of input string is correctly UTF-8, but
+    # check for correct encoding in CS_system.
+    # Error message is returned in $@.  No error => $@ is null string.
+    # (Same style as eval!)
+    $@ = '';
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
+    else {
+        my $result = '';
+        eval {
+            $result = encode( $CS_system,
+                              decode('UTF-8', $_[0]),
+                              Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC
+                      );
+        };
+        return $result;
+    }  
 }
 
 #-------------------------------------
 
+sub config_to_mine {
+    # Ensure that configuration strings about files and directories are
+    # encoded in system CS.
+    # Configuration strings set in an rc file SHOULD either be:
+    #   a. ASCII only, with Perl's utf8 flag off.
+    #   b. Containing non-ASCII characters, with utf8 flag on.
+    #      These need to be converted to encoded strings in system CS (and
+    #      hence with utf8 flag off).
+    # Configuration variables set from the command line, e.g., from an
+    # -outdir=... option, are already in the system CS, because that is
+    # how strings are passed on  the command line.
+    # So we just need to do a conversion for strings with utf8 flag on:
+    foreach ( $out_dir, $aux_dir, @default_files, @default_excluded_files ) {
+        if (utf8::is_utf8($_)) { $_ = encode( $CS_system, $_ ); }
+    }
+} #END config_to_mine
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub mine_to_utf8 {
     # Given string encoded in my current CS, return utf-8 encoded string.
-    if  ($utf8_used) { return $_[0]; }
+    # Don't use Encode::from_to, which does in-place conversion.
+    if  ($no_CP_conversions) { return $_[0]; }
     else { return  encode( 'UTF-8', decode($CS_system, $_[0])); }
 }
 
@@ -255,15 +314,15 @@
     if ($invoked_name ne 'latexmk');
 
 # Map my invoked name to pointer to array of default values for $dvi_mode,
-# $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode.  These are used if after processing rc files
-# and CL args, no values are set for any of these variables.
+# $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode, $xdv_mode.  These are used if after processing
+# rc files and CL args, no values are set for any of these variables.
 # Thus default compilation for latexmk is by latex,
 #                          for pdflatexmk is by pdflatex, etc.
 %compilation_defaults =
-    ( 'latexmk' => [1,0,0],
-      'lualatexmk' => [0,0,4],
-      'pdflatexmk' => [0,0,1],
-      'xelatexmk' => [0,0,5],
+    ( 'latexmk' => [1,0,0,0],
+      'lualatexmk' => [0,0,4,0],
+      'pdflatexmk' => [0,0,1,0],
+      'xelatexmk' => [0,0,5,0],
     );
 # If name isn't in canonical set, change it to a good default:
 unless (exists $compilation_defaults{$invoked_name}) { $invoked_name = 'latexmk'; }
@@ -320,7 +379,19 @@
     'Error: pdflatex \(file ([^\)]*)\): cannot find image file',
     ': File (.*) not found:\s*$',
     '! Unable to load picture or PDF file \\\'([^\\\']+)\\\'.',
+    );
+
+# Array of reg-exps for patterns in log file for certain latex warnings
+# that we will call bad warnings.  They are not treated as errors by
+# *latex, but depending on the $bad_warning_is_error setting 
+# we will treat as if they were actual errors.
+ at bad_warnings = (
+    # Remember: \\ in perl inside single quotes gives a '\', so we need
+    # '\\\\' to get '\\' in the regexp.
+    '^\(\\\\end occurred when .* was incomplete\)',
+    '^\(\\\\end occurred inside .*\)',
 );
+$bad_warning_is_error = 0; 
 
 # Characters that we won't allow in the name of a TeX file.
 # Notes: Some are disallowed by TeX itself.
@@ -401,6 +472,10 @@
 ## "" means not determined. Obtain from first line of .log file.
 $tex_distribution = '';
 
+# List of known *latex rules:
+%possible_primaries = ( 'dvilualatex'  => 'primary', 'latex'  => 'primary',
+                        'lualatex'  => 'primary', 'pdflatex'  => 'primary',
+                        'xelatex'  => 'primary' );
 &std_tex_cmds;
 
 # Possible code to execute by *latex before inputting source file.
@@ -410,6 +485,7 @@
 ## Default switches:
 $latex_default_switches = '';
 $pdflatex_default_switches = '';
+$dvilualatex_default_switches = '';
 $lualatex_default_switches = '';
     # Note that xelatex is used to give xdv file, not pdf file, hence 
     # we need the -no-pdf option.
@@ -418,12 +494,13 @@
 ## Switch(es) to make them silent:
 $latex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $pdflatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
+$dvilualatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $lualatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 $xelatex_silent_switch  = '-interaction=batchmode';
 
 # Whether to emulate -aux-directory, so we can use it on system(s) (TeXLive)
 # that don't support it:
-$emulate_aux = 0;
+$emulate_aux = 1;
 # Whether emulate_aux had to be switched on during a run:
 $emulate_aux_switched = 0;
 
@@ -637,6 +714,7 @@
 # These need to be stored until after the command line parsing is finished,
 #  in case the values of $latex and/or $pdflatex change after an option
 #  is added.
+ at extra_dvilualatex_options = ();
 @extra_latex_options = ();
 @extra_pdflatex_options = ();
 @extra_lualatex_options = ();
@@ -1118,6 +1196,15 @@
 
 ## default parameters
 $auto_rc_use = 1;       # Whether to read rc files automatically
+$user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed = 0; # Whether when testing for changed
+               # files, a user file that changes status from existing
+               # to non-existing should be regarded as changed.
+               # Value 1: only in non-preview-continuous mode.
+               # Value 2: always.
+               # Primary purpose is to cover cases where behavior of
+               # compilation of .tex file tests for file existence and
+               # adjusts behavior accordingly, instead of simply giving an
+               # error. 
 $max_repeat = 5;        # Maximum times I repeat latex.  Normally
                         # 3 would be sufficient: 1st run generates aux file,
                         # 2nd run picks up aux file, and maybe toc, lof which 
@@ -1159,7 +1246,7 @@
 $fdb_ext = 'fdb_latexmk'; # Extension for the file for latexmk's
                           # file-database
                           # Make it long to avoid possible collisions.
-$fdb_ver = 3;             # Version number for kind of fdb_file.
+$fdb_ver = 4;             # Version number for kind of fdb_file.
 
 $jobname = '';          # Jobname: as with current tex, etc indicates
                         # basename of generated files.  Defined so
@@ -1221,19 +1308,27 @@
 
 
 # Which kinds of file do I have requests to make?
+our ($dvi_mode, $pdf_mode, $postscript_mode, $xdv_mode,
+     $cleanup_mode, $force_mode, $go_mode, $landscape_mode, $preview_mode, $preview_continuous_mode, $printout_mode );
 # If no requests at all are made, then I will make dvi file
 # If particular requests are made then other files may also have to be
 # made.  E.g., ps file requires a dvi file
-$dvi_mode = 0;          # No dvi file requested
+$dvi_mode = 0;          # No dvi file requested.
+                        # Possible values:
+                        #  0: no request for dvi file
+                        #  1: use latex to make dvi file
+                        #  2: use dvilualatex to make dvi file
 $postscript_mode = 0;   # No postscript file requested
 $pdf_mode = 0;          # No pdf file requested to be made by pdflatex
                         # Possible values: 
                         #     0 don't create pdf file
                         #     1 to create pdf file by pdflatex
-                        #     2 to create pdf file by ps2pdf
-                        #     3 to create pdf file by dvipdf
+                        #     2 to create pdf file by compile-to-dvi+dvips+ps2pdf
+                        #     3 to create pdf file by compile-to-dvi+dvipdf
                         #     4 to create pdf file by lualatex
                         #     5 to create pdf file by xelatex + xdvipdfmx
+$xdv_mode = 0;          # No xdv file requested
+
 $view = 'default';      # Default preview is of highest of dvi, ps, pdf
 $sleep_time = 2;        # time to sleep b/w checks for file changes in -pvc mode
 $banner = 0;            # Non-zero if we have a banner to insert
@@ -1269,9 +1364,10 @@
 $dvi_filter = '';       # DVI filter command
 $ps_filter = '';        # Postscript filter command
 
-$force_mode = 0;        # =1 to force processing past errors
-$go_mode = 0;           # =1 to force processing regardless of time-stamps
-                        # =2 full clean-up first
+$force_mode = 0;        # =1: to force processing past errors
+$go_mode = 0;           # =1: to force processing regardless of time-stamps
+                        # =2: full clean-up first
+                        # =3: Just force primary rule(s) to run
 $preview_mode = 0;
 $preview_continuous_mode  = 0;
 $printout_mode = 0;     # Don't print the file
@@ -1280,10 +1376,14 @@
 $pvc_timeout = 0;
 $pvc_timeout_mins = 30;
 
-$show_time = 0;
- at timings = ();
-$processing_time1 = processing_time();
+# Timing information
+# Whether to report processing time: 
+our $show_time = 0;
+# Data for 1 run and global (ending in '0'):
+our ( $processing_time1, $processing_time0, @timings1, @timings0);
+&init_timing_all;
 
+
 $use_make_for_missing_files = 0;   # Whether to use make to try to make missing files.
 
 # Do we make view file in temporary then move to final destination?
@@ -1319,12 +1419,26 @@
 $BIBINPUTS = $ENV{'BIBINPUTS'};
 if (!$BIBINPUTS) { $BIBINPUTS = '.'; }
 
+# ???!!! 
+# Old configuration variable @BIBINPUTS to be equivalent to environment
+# variable BIBINPUTS.  It was to be easier to work with inside latexmk. But
+# under present conditions, it's better to manipulate $ENV{BIBINPUTS}.
+# ??? Need to explain better.
+# Why only for BIBINPUTS, not TEXINPUTS.
+#
+# But retain @BIBINPUTS for backward compatibility, since users may have
+# configured it.  We'll save the values, allow for possible user changes in
+# @BIBINPUTS or $ENV{BIBINPUTS} in rc files and from command line
+# arguments. Then funnel changes back to $ENV{BIBINPUTS}, ...
+#
 # Convert search paths to arrays:
 # If any of the paths end in '//' then recursively search the
 # directory.  After these operations, @BIBINPUTS  should
 # have all the directories that need to be searched
-
+#
 @BIBINPUTS = find_dirs1( $BIBINPUTS );
+our @BIBINPUTS_SAVE = @BIBINPUTS;
+our $BIBINPUTS_ENV_SAVE = $ENV{BIBINPUTS};
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -1438,12 +1552,7 @@
 # non-existent file.
 
 
-# List of known rules.  Rule types: primary, 
-#     external (calls program), internal (calls routine), cusdep.
 
-%possible_primaries = ( 'latex'  => 'primary',  'pdflatex'  => 'primary',
-                        'lualatex'  => 'primary', 'xelatex'  => 'primary' );
-
 # Hashes, whose keys give names of particular kinds of rule, and targets.
 # We use hashes for ease of lookup.
 %possible_one_time = ( 'view' => 1, 'print' => 1, 'update_view' => 1,  );
@@ -1455,8 +1564,9 @@
                     # currently irrelevant.
 # The target **files** can only be set inside the FILE loop.
 $current_primary  = 'latex';   # Rule to compile .tex file.
-                    # Subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
-                    # uses metcommands andobeying them is enabled.
+                    # It will be overridden at rule-initialization time, and
+                    # is subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
+                    # uses metcommands and obeying them is implemented/enabled.
 $pdf_method       = '';  # How to make pdf file.  '' if not requested,
                     # else 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'lualatex' or 'xelatex'
                     # Subject to document-dependent override if .tex document
@@ -1475,7 +1585,7 @@
 %rule_db = ();      # Database of all rules:
                     # Hash: rulename -> [array of rule data]
                     # Rule data:
-                    #   0: [ cmd_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, test_kind, 
+                    #   0: [ cmd_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, no_history, 
                     #       source, dest, base,
                     #       out_of_date, out_of_date_user,
                     #       time_of_last_run, time_of_last_file_check,
@@ -1502,15 +1612,18 @@
                     #       This variable intcmd is a reference to an array,  
                     #       $$intcmd[0] = internal routine
                     #       $$intcmd[1...] = its arguments (if any)
-                    #     test_kind specifies method of determining
-                    #       whether a file is out-of-date:
-                    #         0 for never
-                    #         1 for usual: whether there is a source
-                    #              file change 
-                    #         2 for dest earlier than source
-                    #         3 for method 2 at first run, 1 thereafter
-                    #              (used when don't have file data from
-                    #              previous run).
+                    #     no_history being true indicates that there was no
+                    #       data on the file state from a previous run.  In
+                    #       this case the implication is that when the next
+                    #       test for whether a run of the rule is needed,
+                    #       the file-contents criterion won't be useful.
+                    #       Then a time-based criterion (as in normal make)
+                    #       is used, i.e., if a source file is newer than
+                    #       the destination file, then a rerun is needed.
+                    #       After that first test for a rerun has been
+                    #       done, a run or no run is made according as
+                    #       appropriate.  After that the file-change
+                    #       criterion works, and no_history is turned off.
                     #     source = name of primary source file, if any
                     #     dest   = name of primary destination file,
                     #              if any
@@ -1545,7 +1658,7 @@
                     #     changed flags whether special changes have been made
                     #          that require file-existence status to be ignored
                     #     last_result is 
-                    #                 -1 if no run has been made,
+                    #                 -1 if no run has been made
                     #                  0 if the last run was successful
                     #                  1 if last run was successful, but
                     #                    failed to create an output file
@@ -1588,9 +1701,38 @@
                     #          can be avoided by changing the file's time
                     #          in the source-file list.
                     #   2: {Hash generated_file -> 1 }
-                    #      This lists all generated files; the values
-                    #          are currently unused, only the keys
-                    #   3: {Hash source_rule -> last_pass }
+                    #      This lists all generated files.
+                    #      The values for the hash are currently unused, only the keys.
+                    #   3: {Hash rewritten_before_read_file -> 1 }
+                    #      This lists all files that are only read after being
+                    #      written **and** that existed before being
+                    #      written, i.e., that existed at the beginning of
+                    #      the run.  These are listed in both the source-
+                    #      and generated-file hashes, but do not need
+                    #      to be checked for changes in testing whether
+                    #      another run is needed, i.e., they aren't true
+                    #      source files.  **IMPORTANT NOTE:** If a file is
+                    #      read only after being written, but the file didn't
+                    #      exist at the beginning of the run, it is
+                    #      possible (and often true) that on a subsequent
+                    #      run the file would be read, then written, and
+                    #      perhaps read again.  That is, it can be that
+                    #      before the file is written, there is a test for
+                    #      file existence, and the file is read, but only
+                    #      if it exists.  Examples: .aux and .toc
+                    #      files. Such files are true dependencies and must
+                    #      be checked for changes. Only when the file
+                    #      existed at the start of the run and was then
+                    #      written before being read, do we know that
+                    #      write-before-read shows that the file is not a
+                    #      true source-dependency.
+                    #      This issue is significant: under some situations,
+                    #      like the use of latexmk and tex4ht, the file may
+                    #      be changed by other software before the next run
+                    #      of the current rule.  That must not trigger
+                    #      another run. 
+                    #      The values for the hash are currently unused, only the keys.
+                    #   4: {Hash source_rule -> last_pass }
                     #      This lists rules that are to be considered source
                     #      rules for the current rule, separately from the 
                     #      source_rules of the source files. Its main use
@@ -1642,8 +1784,6 @@
                          # not defined (or possibly the null string '').
 
 # Classification of rules, for determining order of application
-%current_primaries = ();   # Keys are primary rules (latex, etc) that are
-                           # currently in use.
 @pre_primary = ();         # Array of rules that are thought of as pre-primary,
                            # Should be in an appropriate order for invoking
                            # them, to optimize making.
@@ -1693,7 +1833,6 @@
 
 sub read_first_rc_file_in_list {
     foreach my $rc_file ( @_ ) {
-        #print "===Testing for rc file \"$rc_file\" ...\n";
         if ( -d $rc_file ) {
             warn "$My_name: I have found a DIRECTORY named \"$rc_file\".\n",
                  "   Have you perhaps misunderstood latexmk's documentation?\n",
@@ -1745,6 +1884,8 @@
     read_first_rc_file_in_list( ".latexmkrc", "latexmkrc" );
 }
 
+
+
 ## Process command line args.
 @command_line_file_list = ();
 $bad_options = 0;
@@ -1782,8 +1923,12 @@
   elsif (/^-diagnostics/) { $diagnostics = 1; }
   elsif (/^-dir-report$/)    { $aux_out_dir_report = 1; }
   elsif (/^-dir-report-$/)   { $aux_out_dir_report = 0; }
-  elsif (/^-dvi$/)   { $dvi_mode = 1; }
-  elsif (/^-dvi-$/)  { $dvi_mode = 0; }
+  elsif (/^-dvi$/)    { $dvi_mode = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-dvilua$/) { $dvi_mode = 2; }
+  elsif (/^-dvi-$/)   { $dvi_mode = 0; }
+  elsif ( /^-dvilualatex=(.*)$/ ) {
+      $dvilualatex = $1;
+  }
   elsif (/^-emulate-aux-dir$/) { $emulate_aux = 1; }
   elsif (/^-emulate-aux-dir-$/) { $emulate_aux = 0; }
   elsif (/^-f$/)     { $force_mode = 1; }
@@ -1793,6 +1938,9 @@
   elsif (/^-gg$/)    { 
      $go_mode = 2; $cleanup_mode = 1; $cleanup_only = 0; 
   }
+  elsif (/^-gt$/)    { 
+     $go_mode = 3;
+  }
   elsif ( /^-h$/ || /^-help$/ )   { &print_help; exit;}
   elsif (/^-jobname=(.*)$/) {
       $jobname = $1;
@@ -1808,6 +1956,7 @@
       $latex = $1;
   }
   elsif (/^-latexoption=(.*)$/) {
+      push @extra_dvilualatex_options, $1;
       push @extra_latex_options, $1;
       push @extra_pdflatex_options, $1;
       push @extra_lualatex_options, $1;
@@ -1967,6 +2116,8 @@
   elsif (/^-view=ps$/)      { $view = "ps";}
   elsif (/^-view=pdf$/)     { $view = "pdf"; }
   elsif (/^-Werror$/){ $warnings_as_errors = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-xdv$/)    { $xdv_mode = 1; }
+  elsif (/^-xdv-$/)   { $xdv_mode = 0; }
   elsif ( /^-xelatex$/ || /^-pdfxelatex$/ )      { 
       $pdf_mode = 5;
       $dvi_mode = $postscript_mode = 0; 
@@ -2032,6 +2183,7 @@
           || ( /^(-.+)=/ && exists( $allowed_latex_options_with_arg{$1} ) )
         )
   {
+      push @extra_dvilualatex_options, $original;
       push @extra_latex_options, $original;
       push @extra_pdflatex_options, $original;
       push @extra_lualatex_options, $original;
@@ -2057,6 +2209,8 @@
 print "$My_name: This is $version_details, version: $version_num.\n",
    unless $silent;
 
+&config_to_mine;
+
 if ($out_dir eq '' ){
     # Default to cwd
     $out_dir = '.';
@@ -2198,11 +2352,13 @@
 &fix_cmds;
 
 # Add common options
+add_option( $dvilualatex_default_switches, \$dvilualatex );
 add_option( $latex_default_switches,    \$latex );
 add_option( $pdflatex_default_switches, \$pdflatex );
 add_option( $lualatex_default_switches, \$lualatex );
 add_option( $xelatex_default_switches,  \$xelatex );
 
+foreach (@extra_dvilualatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$dvilualatex ); }
 foreach (@extra_latex_options)    { add_option( $_, \$latex ); }
 foreach (@extra_pdflatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$pdflatex ); }
 foreach (@extra_lualatex_options) { add_option( $_, \$lualatex ); }
@@ -2217,7 +2373,23 @@
   $ps_previewer = $ps_previewer_landscape;
 }
 
+{ my $array_changed = 0;
+  if ($#BIBINPUTS != $#BIBINPUTS_SAVE) { $array_changed = 1; }
+  else {
+      for( my $i = 0; $i <= $#BIBINPUTS; $i++ ) {
+          if ($BIBINPUTS[$i] ne $BIBINPUTS_SAVE[$i]) {
+              $array_changed = 1;
+              last;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+  if ($array_changed) {
+      foreach (@BIBINPUTS) { ensure_path( 'BIBINPUTS', $_ ); }
+  }
+}
+
 if ( $silent ) { 
+    add_option( "$dvilualatex_silent_switch", \$dvilualatex );
     add_option( "$latex_silent_switch", \$latex );
     add_option( "$pdflatex_silent_switch", \$pdflatex );
     add_option( "$lualatex_silent_switch", \$lualatex );
@@ -2231,7 +2403,7 @@
 }
 
 if ( $recorder ) {
-    add_option( "-recorder", \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+    add_option( "-recorder", \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
 }
 
 # If the output and/or aux directories are specified, fix the *latex
@@ -2243,11 +2415,11 @@
 if ( $jobname ne '' ) {
     # Since $jobname may include placeholder(s), put %R placeholder
     # in option, and let %R be substituted by actual jobname at runtime.
-    add_option( "--jobname=%R", \$latex, \$lualatex, \$pdflatex, \$xelatex );
+    add_option( "--jobname=%R", \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$lualatex, \$pdflatex, \$xelatex );
 }
 
 # Make sure we make the kind of file we want to view:
-if ($view eq 'dvi') { $dvi_mode = 1; }
+if ( ($view eq 'dvi') && ($dvi_mode == 0) ) { $dvi_mode = 1; }
 if ($view eq 'ps') { $postscript_mode = 1; }
 if ( ($view eq 'pdf') && ($pdf_mode == 0) ) { 
     $pdf_mode = 1; 
@@ -2254,9 +2426,9 @@
 }
 
 # Make sure that we make something if all requests are turned off
-unless ( $dvi_mode || $pdf_mode || $postscript_mode || $printout_mode )  {
+unless ( $dvi_mode || $pdf_mode || $postscript_mode || $printout_mode || $xdv_mode )  {
     print "No specific requests made, so using default for $invoked_name.\n";
-    ($dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode)
+    ($dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $pdf_mode, $xdv_mode )
         = @{$compilation_defaults{$invoked_name}};    
 }
 
@@ -2274,12 +2446,10 @@
 # Determine requests.
 if ( $banner ) { $postscript_mode = 1; }
 if ( $dvi_mode ) {
-    $current_primary = 'latex';
     $requested_filetypes{'dvi'} = 1;
     if ( length($dvi_filter) != 0 ) { $requested_filetypes{'dviF'} = 1; }
 }
 if ( $postscript_mode ) {
-    $current_primary = 'latex';
     $requested_filetypes{'ps'} = 1;
     if ( length($ps_filter) != 0 )  { $requested_filetypes{'psF'} = 1; }
 }
@@ -2293,11 +2463,13 @@
     my %disallowed = ();
     foreach (1,4,5) { $disallowed{$_} = 1; }
     if ($disallowed{$pdf_mode}) {
-        warn "$My_name: \$pdf_mode = $pdf_mode is incompatible with dvi and postscript modes\n",
-             "  which are required by other requests.\n";
-        if ($postscript_mode) {$pdf_mode = 2;}
+        warn
+            "$My_name: \$pdf_mode = $pdf_mode is incompatible with dvi and postscript modes\n",
+            "  which are required by other requests.\n";
+        if ($postscript_mode) { $pdf_mode = 2; }
         else { $pdf_mode = 3; }
-        warn "  I replaced it by $pdf_mode.\n";
+        warn
+            "  I replaced it by $pdf_mode, to be compatible with those other requests.\n";
     }
 }
 if ( $pdf_mode == 0 ) {
@@ -2339,7 +2511,7 @@
 if ( $preview_continuous_mode || $preview_mode ) { $one_time{'view'} = 1; }
 
 $can_switch = $allow_switch;
-if ( $dvi_mode || $postscript_mode
+if ( $dvi_mode || $postscript_mode || $xdv_mode
      || ( $printout_mode && ($print_type eq 'ps') || ($print_type eq 'dvi') )
      || ( ($preview_mode || $preview_continuous_mode)  &&  ( ($view eq 'ps') || ($view eq 'dvi') ) )
    ) {
@@ -2461,6 +2633,8 @@
     #   Use of $do_cd, which can affect how $aux_dir and $out_dir get normalized.
     local $aux_dir = $aux_dir;
     local $out_dir = $out_dir;
+
+    local $dvilualatex = $dvilualatex;
     local $latex = $latex;
     local $lualatex = $lualatex;
     local $pdflatex = $pdflatex;
@@ -2502,8 +2676,9 @@
             # data may be incorrect.
             # So use filetime criterion for make instead of file change from
             # previous run, until we have done our own make.
-            rdb_recurse( [keys %possible_primaries],
-                      sub{ if ( $$Ptest_kind == 1 ) { $$Ptest_kind = 3;} }
+            #   ???!!! CHECK: WHY ONLY PRIMARIES????
+            rdb_recurse( [$current_primary],
+                         sub{ $$Pno_history = 1; }
             );
         }
     }
@@ -2511,7 +2686,7 @@
         # At least we can use dependency information from previous run of
         # *latex, which may not have been under latexmk control, otherwise
         # the fdb_latexmk file would have been made.
-        rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries],
+        rdb_for_some( [$current_primary],
                       sub{ rdb_set_latex_deps($cleanup_mode) }
                     );
         &rdb_set_rule_net;
@@ -2545,8 +2720,14 @@
 
 
 
-    if ($go_mode) {
+    if ($go_mode == 3) {
+        # Force primaries to be remade.
+        if (!$silent) { print "Force *latex to be remade.\n"; }
+        rdb_for_some( [keys %possible_primaries], sub{$$Pout_of_date=1;}  );
+    }
+    elsif ($go_mode) {
         # Force everything to be remade.
+        if (!$silent) { print "Force everything to be remade.\n"; }
         rdb_recurse( [ &rdb_target_array], sub{$$Pout_of_date=1;}  );
     }
 
@@ -2579,6 +2760,8 @@
     #Initialize failure flags now.
     $failure = 0;
     $failure_msg = '';
+    &init_timing1;
+
     if ($compiling_cmd) { Run_subst( $compiling_cmd ); }
     $failure = &rdb_make;
     if ( ( $failure <= 0 ) || $force_mode ) {
@@ -2623,10 +2806,15 @@
         push @failed_primaries, $filename;
     }
     &ifcd_popd;
+    if ($show_time) { &show_timing1; };
+    print "\n";
 }
 close($deps_handle) if ( $deps_handle );
 
-if ($show_time) { show_timing();}
+if ( $show_time && ( ($#file_list > 0) || $preview_continuous_mode ) ) {
+    print "\n";
+    show_timing_grand();
+}
 
 # If we get here without going through the continue section:
 if ( $do_cd && ($#dir_stack > -1) ) {
@@ -2664,21 +2852,63 @@
 #############################################################
 #############################################################
 
-sub show_timing {
+# Subroutines for working with processing time
+
+############################
+
+sub add_timing {
+    # Usage: add_timing( time_for_run, rule );
+    # Adds time_for_run to @timings1, @timings0
+    my ( $time, $rule ) = @_; 
+    push @timings1, "'$rule': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+    push @timings0, "'$rule': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub init_timing1 {
+    # Initialize timing for one run.
+    @timings1 = ();
+    $processing_time1 = processing_time();    
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub init_timing_all {
+    # Initialize timing for totals and for one run:
+    @timings0 = ();
+    $processing_time0 = processing_time();
+    &init_timing1;
+}
+
+############################
+
+sub show_timing1 {
+    # Show timing for one run.
     my $processing_time = processing_time() - $processing_time1;
-    print @timings, "Accumulated processing time = ",
+    print @timings1, "Processing time = ",
           sprintf('%.2f', $processing_time), "\n";
-    print "Number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings, "\n";
-    @timings = (); 
-    $processing_time1 = processing_time();
+    print "Number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings1, "\n";
 }
 
+############################
+
+sub show_timing_grand {
+    # Show grand total timing.
+    my $processing_time = processing_time() - $processing_time0;
+    print # @timings0,
+          "Grand total processing time = ",
+          sprintf('%.2f', $processing_time), "\n";
+    print "Total number of rules run = ", 1+$#timings0, "\n";
+}
+
 #############################################################
+#############################################################
 
 sub set_tex_cmds {
     # Usage, e.g., set_tex_cmds( '%O %S' )
     my $args = $_[0];
-    foreach my $cmd ('latex', 'lualatex', 'pdflatex', 'xelatex' ) {
+    foreach my $cmd ( keys %possible_primaries ) {
         ${$cmd} = "$cmd $args";
     }
     # N.B. See setting of $latex_default_switches, ...,
@@ -2745,8 +2975,8 @@
 #############################################################
 
 sub ensure_path {
-    # Usage: ensure_path( $var, values ...)
-    # $ENV{$var} is an environment variable (e.g. $ENV{TEXINPUTS}.
+    # Usage: ensure_path( var, values ...)
+    # $ENV{var} is an environment variable (e.g. $ENV{TEXINPUTS}.
     # Ensure the values are in it, prepending them if not, and
     # creating the environment variable if it doesn't already exist.
     my $var = shift;
@@ -2772,6 +3002,63 @@
 
 #############################################################
 
+sub path_fudge {
+    # Usage: path_fudge( var1[, var2 ...])
+    # For each argument, $ENV{var} is an environment variable
+    #   (e.g. $ENV{BIBINPUTS}, that is a search path. 
+    # Adjust each of these environment variables so that it is
+    #   appropriately set for use when a program is run with a changed wd,
+    #   as with bibtex when $bibtex_fudge is set.
+    # Specifically:
+    #   1. Prepend current wd to each $ENV{var}, if it exists; otherwise
+    #      set $ENV{var} to current wd followed by search-path separator,
+    #      so that search path is cwd and then default.
+    #      Hence files in cwd are found by a program run in another
+    #      directory.
+    #   2. For each item in $ENV{var} that isn't an absolute path, i.e.,
+    #      that is relative, replace it by itself followed by the same path
+    #      converted to an absolute path, with the relative path being
+    #      assumed to be relative to the current wd. 
+    #      Hence a program run in another directory finds files that were
+    #      originally intended to be in a directory relative to the orginal
+    #      cwd. In addition, in the conceivable case that the item in the
+    #      search path is actually intended to be relative to the directory
+    #      in which the program is run (normally the aux dir), it also
+    #      works correctly.
+    
+    my $cwd = good_cwd();
+    foreach my $var ( @_ ) {
+        if ( exists $ENV{$var} ) {
+            $ENV{$var} = $cwd.$search_path_separator.$ENV{$var};
+        }
+        else {
+            $ENV{$var} = $cwd.$search_path_separator;
+        }
+
+        my @items = split_search_path( $search_path_separator, '', $ENV{$var} );
+        my $changed = 0;
+
+        foreach (@items) {
+            if ($_ eq '' ) {
+                # Empty item => std search path => nothing to do.
+            }
+            elsif ( ! file_name_is_absolute($_) ) {
+               my $abs = rel2abs($_);
+               $_ .= $search_path_separator.$abs;
+               $changed = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($changed) {
+            # Correct the env. var.
+            $ENV{$var} = join( $search_path_separator, @items );
+            print "====== ENV{$var} changed to '$ENV{$var}'\n";
+         }
+    }  # END loop over env. vars.
+} #END path_fudge
+
+#############################################################
+
 sub normalize_aux_out_ETC {
     # 1. Normalize $out_dir and $aux_dir, so that if they have a non-trivial last
     #    component, any trailing '/' is removed.
@@ -2879,13 +3166,13 @@
             # the relevant files (.pdf, .ps, .dvi, .xdv, .fls to the output
             # directory after running *latex.
             add_option( "-output-directory=%V",
-                        \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                        \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
     }
     else {
         if ( $out_dir && ($out_dir ne '.') ) {
             add_option( "-output-directory=%W",
-                        \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                        \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
         if ( $aux_dir ne $out_dir ) {
             # N.B. If $aux_dir and $out_dir are the same, then the
@@ -2892,7 +3179,7 @@
             # -output-directory option is sufficient, especially because
             # the -aux-directory exists only in MiKTeX, not in TeXLive.
             add_option( "-aux-directory=%V",
-                            \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
+                            \$dvilualatex, \$latex, \$pdflatex, \$lualatex, \$xelatex );
         }
     }
 } #END set_aux_out_options
@@ -2966,8 +3253,9 @@
     while ( my ($key, $value) = each %extra_rule_spec ) {
         $rule_template{$key} = $value;
     }
+    #   ???!!!  REVISE
     foreach my $rule ( keys %rule_template ) {
-        my ( $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $source, $dest, $base, $test_kind, $PA_extra_gen ) = @{$rule_template{$rule}};
+        my ( $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $source, $dest, $base, $DUMMY, $PA_extra_gen ) = @{$rule_template{$rule}};
         if ( ! $PA_extra_gen ) { $PA_extra_gen = []; }
         my $needs_making = 0;
         # Substitute in the filename variables, since we will use
@@ -2982,28 +3270,43 @@
             s/%B/$base/;
             s/%T/$texfile_name/;
         }
-        rdb_create_rule( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $test_kind, 
+        rdb_create_rule( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $int_cmd, $DUMMY, 
                          $source, $dest, $base,
                          $needs_making, undef, undef, 1, $PA_extra_gen );
     } # End rule iteration
 
-    # Ensure we only have one way to make pdf file, and that it is appropriate. Remove other incompatibilities
-    if    ($pdf_mode == 1) { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'ps2pdf', 'latex', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 2) { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 3) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 4) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
-    elsif ($pdf_mode == 5) { rdb_deactivate( 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'dvipdf', 'lualatex' ); }
-    else                   { rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'pdflatex', 'ps2pdf', 'lualatex', 'xdvipdfmx', 'xelatex' ); }
+    # At this point, all the rules are active.
+    # The rules that are used are determined by starting with the desired
+    # final files and going backwards in the rule network to find what rules
+    # have to be run to make the final files.
+    # The only problem in doing this is if there is more than one way of making
+    # a given file.  This arises only for rules that make pdf or dvi files,
+    # since we have multiple rules for making them.
 
-    if ($dvi_mode == 1) {
-        rdb_activate( 'latex' );
-        $target_files{$dvi_final} = 1;
-    }
-    if ($postscript_mode == 1) {
-        rdb_activate( 'latex' );
-        $target_files{$ps_final} = 1;
-    }
+    # Ensure we only have one way to make pdf file, and only one active primary:
+    # Deactivate pdf-making rules and primary rules,
+    # then reactivating only one pdf producing rule and current primary,
+    # setting $current_primary as side-effect.
+    
+    rdb_deactivate( 'dvipdf', 'ps2pdf', 'xdvipdfmx', keys %possible_primaries );
+
+    $current_primary = 'latex';  # 
+    # Activate needed non-primary pdf-making rules, set current primary (if
+    # it isn't latex, and activate the current primary:
+    if       ($pdf_mode == 1) { $current_primary = 'pdflatex'; }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 2) { rdb_activate( 'ps2pdf' ); }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 3) { rdb_activate( 'dvipdf' ); }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 4) { $current_primary = 'lualatex'; }
+    elsif    ($pdf_mode == 5) { rdb_activate( 'xdvipdfmx' ); $current_primary = 'xelatex';  }
+    if ($dvi_mode == 2) { $current_primary = 'dvilualatex'; }
+
+    rdb_activate( $current_primary );
+    
+    if ($dvi_mode) { $target_files{$dvi_final} = 1; }
+    if ($postscript_mode) { $target_files{$ps_final} = 1; }
     if ($pdf_mode) { $target_files{$pdf_final} = 1; }
+    if ($xdv_mode) { $target_files{$xdv_final} = 1; }
+
     &rdb_set_rule_net;
 } # END rdb_initialize_rules
 
@@ -3052,21 +3355,19 @@
     # Specification of internal command for viewer update:
     my $PA_update = ['do_update_view', $viewer_update_method, $viewer_update_signal, 0, 1];
 
-# For test_kind: Use file contents for latex and friends, but file time for the others.
-# This is because, especially for dvi file, the contents of the file may contain
-#    a pointer to a file to be included, not the contents of the file! 
     %rule_list = (
+        'dvilualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$dvilualatex",  '',      "%T",        $dvi_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'latex'     => [ 'primary',  "$latex",     '',            "%T",        $dvi_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
+        'lualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$lualatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'pdflatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$pdflatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
-        'lualatex'  => [ 'primary',  "$lualatex",  '',            "%T",        $pdf_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
         'xelatex'   => [ 'primary',  "$xelatex",   '',            "%T",        $xdv_name,  "%R",   1, [$log_name] ],
-        'dvipdf'    => [ 'external', "$dvipdf",    'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'xdvipdfmx' => [ 'external', "$xdvipdfmx", 'do_viewfile', $xdv_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'dvips'     => [ 'external', "$dvips",     'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $ps_name,   "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'dvifilter' => [ 'external', $dvi_filter,  'do_viewfile', $dvi_name,   $dviF_name, "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'ps2pdf'    => [ 'external', "$ps2pdf",    'do_viewfile', $ps_final,   $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'psfilter'  => [ 'external', $ps_filter,   'do_viewfile', $ps_name,    $psF_name,  "%Z%R", 2 ],
-        'print'     => [ 'external', "$print_cmd", 'if_source',   $print_file, "",         "",     2 ],
+        'dvipdf'    => [ 'external', "$dvipdf",    'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'xdvipdfmx' => [ 'external', "$xdvipdfmx", 'do_viewfile', $xdv_final,  $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'dvips'     => [ 'external', "$dvips",     'do_viewfile', $dvi_final,  $ps_name,   "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'dvifilter' => [ 'external', $dvi_filter,  'do_viewfile', $dvi_name,   $dviF_name, "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'ps2pdf'    => [ 'external', "$ps2pdf",    'do_viewfile', $ps_final,   $pdf_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'psfilter'  => [ 'external', $ps_filter,   'do_viewfile', $ps_name,    $psF_name,  "%Z%R", 1 ],
+        'print'     => [ 'external', "$print_cmd", 'if_source',   $print_file, "",         "",     1 ],
         'update_view' => [ 'external', $viewer_update_command, $PA_update,
                                $view_file,  "",        "",   2 ],
         'view'     => [ 'external', "$viewer",    'if_source',   $view_file,  "",        "",   2 ],
@@ -3097,7 +3398,6 @@
     rdb_for_actives( \&set_file_links_for_rule );
     rdb_for_actives( \&rdb_set_source_rules );
     &rdb_classify_rules;
-    #    print "=========In rdb_make_links: rules\n"; &rdb_show;
 }
 
 #------------
@@ -3183,7 +3483,6 @@
     #    %possible_primaries
     
     # Output:
-    #    %current_primaries    # Keys are actual primaries
     #    @pre_primary          # Array of rules
     #    @post_primary         # Array of rules
     #    @unusual_one_time     # Array of rules
@@ -3193,7 +3492,6 @@
     local $state = 0;       # Post-primary
     local @classify_stack = ();
 
-    %current_primaries = ();
     @pre_primary = ();
     @post_primary = ();
     @unusual_one_time = ();
@@ -3204,21 +3502,11 @@
     @pre_primary = reverse @pre_primary;
     @post_primary = reverse @post_primary;
 
-    my @current_primaries = keys %current_primaries;
-    if ($#current_primaries < 0) {
-        die "$My_name: No active primary rules found.  I have to stop.\n";
-    }
-    elsif ($#current_primaries > 0) {
-        die "$My_name: More than one active primary rule found.  I have to stop.\n",
-            "  Primary rules: @current_primaries\n";
-    }
-    $current_primary = $current_primaries[0];
-
     if ($diagnostics) {
         print "Rule classification: \n";
         show_array( "  Requested rules:",  @requested_targets );
         show_array( "  Pre-primaries:", @pre_primary );
-        show_array( "  Primaries:", keys %current_primaries );
+        show_array( "  Primary:", $current_primary );
         show_array( "  Post-primaries:", @post_primary );
         show_array( "  Inner-level one_time rules:", @unusual_one_time );
         show_array( "  Outer-level one_time rules:", keys %one_time );
@@ -3245,7 +3533,6 @@
     elsif ($state == 0) {
        if ( exists $possible_primaries{$rule} ) {
            $state = 1;   # In primary rule
-           $current_primaries{ $rule } = 1;
        }
        else {
            push @post_primary, $rule;
@@ -3289,6 +3576,7 @@
     fprint8 $aux_file, "\\gdef \\\@abspage\@last{1}\n";
     close($aux_file);
 
+    if (!$silent) { print "After making new aux file, require run of *latex.\n"; }
     foreach my $rule (keys %possible_primaries ) { 
         rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $texfile_name );
         rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $aux_main );
@@ -3681,18 +3969,11 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub make_preview_continuous {
-    local @changed = ();
-    local %changed_rules = ();
-    local @changed_user = ();
-    local @disappeared = ();
-    local @no_dest = ();       # Non-existent destination files
-    local @rules_never_run = ();
-    local @rules_to_apply = ();
 
     local $failure = 0;
-    local %rules_applied = ();
     local $updated = 0;
 
+    # ???!!!
     print "======= Need to update make_preview_continuous for target files\n";
     
     $quell_uptodate_msgs = 1;
@@ -3723,7 +4004,7 @@
                 );
     # Note that we don't get the previewer process number from the program
     # that starts it; that might only be a script to get things set up and the 
-    # actual previewer could be (and sometimes IS) another process.
+    # actual previewer could be (and sometimes **is**) another process.
 
     if ( ($view_file ne '') && (-e $view_file) && !$new_viewer_always ) {
         # Is a viewer already running?
@@ -3745,7 +4026,8 @@
     for (my $first_time = 1; 1; $first_time = 0 ) {
 
         my %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
-        
+
+        &init_timing1;
         $updated = 0;
         $failure = 0;
         $failure_msg = '';
@@ -3801,24 +4083,16 @@
                 $$Pneed_to_get_viewer_process = 1;
             } # end analyze result of trying to run viewer
         } # end start viewer
+
+        # Updated rule collection, and the set of rules whose source files
+        # the WAIT loop examines for changes:
+        &rdb_set_rule_net;
+        %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
+
         if ( $failure > 0 ) {
             if ( !$failure_msg ) {
                 $failure_msg = 'Failure to make the files correctly';
             }
-            &rdb_set_rule_net;
-            %rules_to_watch = array_to_hash( &rdb_accessible );
-
-            # There will be files changed during the run that are irrelevant.
-            # We need to wait for the user to change the files.
-
-            # So set the GENERATED files from *latex as up-to-date:
-            rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], \&rdb_update_gen_files );
-            # And don't watch for changes for post_primary rules (ps and pdf 
-            # from dvi, etc haven't been run after an error in *latex, so
-            # are out-of-date by filetime criterion, but they should not be run
-            # until after another *latex run:
-            foreach (@post_primary) { delete $rules_to_watch{$_}; }
-
             $failure_msg =~ s/\s*$//;  #Remove trailing space
             warn "$My_name: $failure_msg\n",
     "    ==> You will need to change a source file before I do another run <==\n";
@@ -3825,6 +4099,27 @@
             if ($failure_cmd) {
                 Run_subst( $failure_cmd );
             }
+
+            # In the WAIT loop, we will test for changes in source files
+            # that trigger a remake. Special considerations after an error:
+            # 1. State of **user** source files for a rule is that before
+            #    the last run of the rule.  Any changes since trigger
+            #    rerun. 
+            # 2. .aux files etc may have changed during an error run of a
+            #    rule, but no further runs were made to get them
+            #    stabilized. So they can have changed since start of
+            #    run.  To avoid triggering an incorrect remake, rdb_make
+            #    has updated generated source files to their current state
+            #    after the whole make.  User changes (e.g., deletion of aux
+            #    file) are still able to trigger a remake.
+            # 3. Post_primary rules may not have been run (e.g., to make ps
+            #    and pdf from dvi).  Depending on the criterion for rerun,
+            #    they may be out-of-date by some criterion, but they should
+            #    not be run until after another *latex run.  Such rules
+            #    must be excluded from the rules whose source files the
+            #    WAIT loop scans for changes.
+            # Set this up as follows:
+            foreach (@post_primary) { delete $rules_to_watch{$_}; }
         }
         else {
             if ( ($#primary_warning_summary > -1) && $warning_cmd ) {
@@ -3839,7 +4134,6 @@
         }
         rdb_show_rule_errors();
         if ($rules_list) { rdb_list(); }
-        if ($show_time && ! $first_time) { show_timing(); }
         if ( $dependents_list && ($updated || $failure) ) {
             if ( open( my $deps_handle, ">$deps_file" ) ) {
                deps_list($deps_handle);
@@ -3849,10 +4143,10 @@
                warn "Cannot open '$deps_file' for output of dependency information\n";
            }
          }
+        if ($show_time) { &show_timing1; };
 
+        
         # Now wait for a file to change...
-        #        &rdb_cache_generated;
-        &rdb_set_rule_net;
         # During waiting for file changes, handle ctrl/C and ctrl/break here,
         #   rather than letting system handle them by terminating script (and
         #   code in the following command line to work: any script that calls
@@ -3867,16 +4161,18 @@
   WAIT: while (1) {
            sleep( $sleep_time );
            if ($have_break) { last WAIT; }
-           if ( rdb_user_changes(keys %rules_to_watch) ) { 
+           my %changes = ();
+           if ( rdb_remake_needed(\%changes, 1, keys %rules_to_watch) ) { 
                if (!$silent) {
-                   print "$My_name: Need to remake files.\n";
-                   &rdb_diagnose_changes( '  ' );
+                   print "\n$My_name: Need to remake files.\n";
+                   &rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "", 1 );
+                   print "\n";
                }
                last WAIT;
            }
            #  Don't count waiting time in processing:
            $processing_time1 = processing_time();
-        # Does this do this job????
+        # Does this do this job????!!!
            local $new_files = 0;
            rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], sub{ $new_files += &rdb_find_new_files } );
            if ($new_files > 0) {
@@ -4133,7 +4429,7 @@
   "  Latexmk_options:\n",
   "   -aux-directory=dir or -auxdir=dir \n",
   "                 - set name of directory for auxiliary files (aux, log)\n",
-  "                 - Currently this only works with MiKTeX\n",
+  "                 - See also the -emulate-aux-dir option\n",
   "   -bibtex       - use bibtex when needed (default)\n",
   "   -bibtex-      - never use bibtex\n",
   "   -bibtex-cond  - use bibtex when needed, but only if the bib file exists\n",
@@ -4164,11 +4460,16 @@
   "   -dF <filter> - Filter to apply to dvi file\n",
   "   -dir-report  - Before processing a tex file, report aux and out dir settings\n",
   "   -dir-report- - Before processing a tex file, do not report aux and out dir settings\n",
-  "   -dvi   - generate dvi\n",
-  "   -dvi-  - turn off required dvi\n",
+  "   -dvi    - generate dvi by latex\n",
+  "   -dvilua - generate dvi by dvilualatex\n",
+  "   -dvi-   - turn off required dvi\n",
+  "   -dvilualatex=<program> - set program used for dvilualatex.\n",
+  "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -e <code> - Execute specified Perl code (as part of latexmk start-up\n",
   "               code)\n",
   "   -emulate-aux-dir  - emulate -aux-directory option for *latex\n",
+  "              This enables the -aux-directory option to work properly with TeX\n",
+  "              Live as well as MiKTeX\n",      
   "   -emulate-aux-dir- - use -aux-directory option with *latex\n",
   "   -f     - force continued processing past errors\n",
   "   -f-    - turn off forced continuing processing past errors\n",
@@ -4218,19 +4519,19 @@
   "                  - if FORMAT is pdf, turn on pdf output, turn off others\n",
   "                  - otherwise error\n",    
   "   -pdf   - generate pdf by pdflatex\n",
-  "   -pdfdvi - generate pdf by dvipdf\n",
+  "   -pdfdvi - generate pdf by latex (or dvilualatex) + dvipdf\n",
+  "             -- see -dvilua for how to get dvilualatex used\n",    
   "   -pdflatex=<program> - set program used for pdflatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -pdflualatex=<program> - set program used for lualatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
-  "   -pdfps - generate pdf by ps2pdf\n",
+  "   -pdfps - generate pdf by latex (or dvilualatex) + dvips + ps2pdf\n",
+  "             -- see -dvilua for how to get dvilualatex used\n",    
   "   -pdflua - generate pdf by lualatex\n",
   "   -pdfxe - generate pdf by xelatex\n",
   "   -pdfxelatex=<program> - set program used for xelatex.\n",
   "                      (replace '<program>' by the program name)\n",
   "   -pdf-  - turn off pdf\n",
-  "   -ps    - generate postscript\n",
-  "   -ps-   - turn off postscript\n",
   "   -pF <filter> - Filter to apply to postscript file\n",
   "   -p     - print document after generating postscript.\n",
   "            (Can also .dvi or .pdf files -- see documentation)\n",
@@ -4239,6 +4540,8 @@
   "   -print=dvi     - when file is to be printed, print the dvi file\n",
   "   -print=ps      - when file is to be printed, print the ps file (default)\n",
   "   -print=pdf     - when file is to be printed, print the pdf file\n",
+  "   -ps    - generate postscript\n",
+  "   -ps-   - turn off postscript\n",
   "   -pv    - preview document.  (Side effect turn off continuous preview)\n",
   "   -pv-   - turn off preview mode\n",
   "   -pvc   - preview document and continuously update.  (This also turns\n",
@@ -4279,6 +4582,8 @@
   "   -view=ps      - viewer is for ps\n",
   "   -view=pdf     - viewer is for pdf\n",
   "   -Werror   - treat warnings from called programs as errors\n",
+  "   -xdv      - generate xdv by xelatex\n",
+  "   -xdv-     - turn off required xdv\n",
   "   -xelatex      - use xelatex for processing files to pdf\n",
   "                   and turn dvi/ps modes off\n",
   "\n",
@@ -4303,6 +4608,7 @@
   print "Commands used by $my_name:\n",
        "   To run latex, I use \"$latex\"\n",
        "   To run pdflatex, I use \"$pdflatex\"\n",
+       "   To run dvilualatex, I use \"$dvilualatex\"\n",
        "   To run lualatex, I use \"$lualatex\"\n",
        "   To run xelatex, I use \"$xelatex\"\n",
        "   To run biber, I use \"$biber\"\n",
@@ -4359,6 +4665,9 @@
     #       10: only error is missing \citation commands.
     #       11: Malformed bcf file (normally due to error in pdflatex run)
     # Side effect: add source files @biber_source
+    # N.B. @biber_source is already initialized by caller to contain
+    #   whatever source files (currently .bcf) it already knows about.
+    #   So do **not** initialize it here.
     my $base = $_[0];
     my $Pbiber_source = $_[1];
     my $blg_name = "$base.blg";
@@ -4377,6 +4686,7 @@
     my $control_file_missing = 0;
     my $control_file_malformed = 0;
     my %remote = ();                # List of extensions of remote files
+    my @not_found = ();             # Files, normally .bib files, not found.
     while (<$blg_file>) {
         $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
         if (/> WARN /) { 
@@ -4389,12 +4699,12 @@
             if ( /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find file '([^']+)'/    #'
                  || /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find '([^']+)'/ ) {  #'
                 $not_found_count++;
-                push @$Pbiber_source, $2;
+                push @not_found, $2;
             }
             elsif ( /> (FATAL|ERROR) - Cannot find control file '([^']+)'/ ) {  #'
                 $not_found_count++;
                 $control_file_missing = 1;
-                push @$Pbiber_source, $2;
+                push @not_found, $2;
             }
             elsif ( /> ERROR - .*\.bcf is malformed/ ) {
                 #  Special treatment: Malformed .bcf file commonly results from error
@@ -4429,7 +4739,7 @@
                 # be misleading, since it will normally have been deleted by
                 # biber itself.
             }
-            elsif ( (defined $Pbiber_source) && (-e $file) ) {
+            elsif ( -e $file ) {
                 # Note that biber log file gives full path to file. (No search is
                 # needed to find it.)  The file must have existed when biber was
                 # run.  If it doesn't exist now, a few moments later, it must
@@ -4448,12 +4758,12 @@
         }
     }
     close $blg_file;
+    @$Pbiber_source = uniqs( @$Pbiber_source );
+    @not_found = uniqs( @not_found );
+    push @$Pbiber_source, @not_found;
+
     if ($control_file_malformed){return 11;} 
 
-    my @not_found = &find_file_list1( $Pbiber_source, $Pbiber_source,
-                                      '', \@BIBINPUTS );
-    @$Pbiber_source = uniqs( @$Pbiber_source );
-
     if ( ($#not_found < 0) && ($#$Pbiber_source >= 0) ) {
         print "$My_name: Found biber source file(s) [@$Pbiber_source]\n"
         unless $silent;
@@ -4511,20 +4821,16 @@
         # There is also another problem: Depending on the exact
         #   specification of the aux dir, bibtex may refuse to write to the
         #   aux dir, for security reasons.
-        my $cwd = good_cwd();
-        foreach ( 'BIBINPUTS', 'BSTINPUTS' ) {
-            if ( exists $ENV{$_} ) {
-                $ENV{$_} = $cwd.$search_path_separator.$ENV{$_};
-            }
-            else {
-                $ENV{$_} = $cwd.$search_path_separator;
-            }
-        }
+        #   This prevents changing the default $bibtex_fudge to off,
+        #   without breaking backward compatibility.  (???!!! Perhaps I
+        #   should change the default, and give a special message if the
+        #   security issue of not being able to write arises.)
+
+        path_fudge( 'BIBINPUTS', 'BSTINPUTS' );
         pushd( $path );
         if (!$silent) {
             print "$My_name: Change directory to '$path'.\n",
-                  "To assist finding of files in document\n",
-                  "directory, I set\n",
+                  "To assist finding of files in document directory, I set\n",
                   "  BIBINPUTS='$ENV{BIBINPUTS}'\n",
                   "  BSTINPUTS='$ENV{BSTINPUTS}'.\n";
         }
@@ -4764,8 +5070,10 @@
 #                reported by epstopdf et al.
 #      5 = Had a missing file line.  Now the file exists.
 #      6 = File was written during run.  (Overrides 5)
-#      7 = File was created during run to be read in.  (Overrides 5 and 6)
-#          (e.g., by epstopdf)
+#      7 = File was created during run to be read in, as a conversion
+#          from some other file (e.g., by epstopdf package).
+#          (Overrides 5 and 6)
+#      8 = File was rewritten during run to be read in.  (Overrides 5 and 6)
 # Treat the following specially, since they have special rules
 #   @bbl_files to list of .bbl files.
 #   %idx_files to map from .idx files to .ind files.
@@ -4791,9 +5099,9 @@
 # Input globals: $primary_out, $fls_file_analyzed
 #
 
-my ($log_name, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
+    my ($log_name, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
    
-# Give a quick way of looking up custom-dependency extensions
+    # Give a quick way of looking up custom-dependency extensions
     my %cusdep_from = ();
     my %cusdep_to = ();
     foreach ( @cus_dep_list ) {
@@ -4812,6 +5120,11 @@
     $bad_character = 0;
     $bad_citation = 0;
 
+    # ???!!! I don't know whether I will actually use these
+    our @multiply_defined_references = ();
+    our @undefined_citations = ();
+    our @undefined_references = ();
+
     print "$My_name: Examining '$log_name'\n"
         if not $silent;
 
@@ -4902,7 +5215,6 @@
             }
             # Block has ended.
             if ($block_type eq 'conversion') {
-#print "=== $delegated_source -> $delegated_output\n";
                  $new_conversions{$delegated_source} =  $delegated_output;
             }
             $current_pkg = $block_type 
@@ -4910,31 +5222,39 @@
             # Then process current line
         }
 
+        # ???!!! Use the extra items. 
         # Check for changed references, bad references and bad citations:
         if (/Rerun to get/) { 
             print "$My_name: References changed.\n" if ! $log_silent;
             $reference_changed = 1;
         } 
-        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+#        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+        if (/^LaTeX Warning: (Reference `([^']+)' on page .+ undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_references, $2;
             $bad_reference++;
         } 
-        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Label [^\001]* multiply defined.*)\./) {
+        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Label `([^']+)' multiply defined.*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @multiply_defined_references, $2;
             $mult_defined++;
         }
-        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Citation[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
+        elsif (/^LaTeX Warning: (Citation `([^']+)' on page .* undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_citations, $2;
             $bad_citation++;
         }
         elsif (/^Package natbib Warning: (Citation[^\001]*undefined on input line .*)\./) {
             push @warning_list, $1;
+            push @undefined_citations, $2;
             $bad_citation++;
         }
         elsif ( /^Missing character: There is no /
                 || /^! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character /
                 || /^! Bad character code /
+                || /^! LaTeX Error: Unicode character /
             ) {
+            push @warning_list, $_;
             $bad_character++;
         } 
         elsif ( /^Document Class: / ) {
@@ -5046,19 +5366,18 @@
 
             next LINE;
         }
-        elsif ( /^No file (.*?\.bbl)./ ) {
-            # Filename is always relative to aux_dir, given standard security
-            # settings in TeXLive.
-            my $bbl_file = normalize_force_directory( $aux_dir1, $1 );
-            warn "$My_name: Missing bbl file '$bbl_file' in following:\n $_\n";
-            $dependents{$bbl_file} = 0;
-            push @bbl_files, $bbl_file;
-            next LINE;
-        }
         foreach my $pattern (@file_not_found) {
             if ( /$pattern/ ) {
                 my $file = clean_filename($1);
-                warn "$My_name: Missing input file '$file' (or dependence on it) from following:\n  '$_'\n"
+                if ( $file =~ /\.bbl$/ ) {
+                    # Note that bbl's filename is always relative to aux_dir.
+                    my $bbl_file = normalize_force_directory( $aux_dir1, $file );
+                    warn "$My_name: Missing bbl file '$bbl_file' in following:\n $_\n";
+                    $dependents{$bbl_file} = 0;
+                    push @bbl_files, $bbl_file;
+                    next LINE;
+                }
+                warn "$My_name: Missing input file '$file' (or dependence on it) from following:\n  $_\n"
                     unless $silent;
                 $dependents{normalize_filename($file, @pwd_log)} = 0;
                 my $file1 = $file;
@@ -5078,6 +5397,13 @@
                 next LINE;
             }
         }
+        foreach my $pattern (@bad_warnings) {
+            if ( /$pattern/ ) {
+                $log_info{bad_warning} = 1;
+                warn "$My_name: Important warning:\n  $_\n"
+                    unless $silent;
+            }
+        }
         if ( (! $fls_file_analyzed)
              && /^File: (.+) Graphic file \(type / ) {
             # First line of message from includegraphics/x
@@ -5459,10 +5785,6 @@
     
     my ($file, $PAlines, $PHinfo) = @_;
 
-    # Essential to use byte semantics, since (pdf)latex & lualatex
-    # wrap by bytes, not characters
-    use bytes;
-
     # Where lines are wrapped at.  We'll sometimes override.
     local $log_wrap = $log_wrap;
 
@@ -5480,8 +5802,12 @@
     #                luatex: UTF-8 but with wrapping at APPROXIMATELY
     #                        $log_wrap bytes. Rest as pdftex
     #                xetex:  UTF-8 with wrapping at $log_wrap codepoints.
-    # So start reading file as bytes; first line gives which program,
-    # and for xetex we switch to reading file as UTF-8.
+    # So we read file as bytes
+    #   first line gives which program was used and hence whether to wrap
+    #     according to byte or codepoint count.
+    #   wrapping is always performed on the encoded byte strings, but the
+    #     place to wrap is determined according to the length in bytes or
+    #     in codepoints, as needed.
     print "$My_name: Getting log file '$file'\n";
     open( my $fh, '<', $file )
         or return 0;
@@ -5637,7 +5963,6 @@
 
     my $cwd = good_cwd();
     if ( ! open($fls_file, "<", $fls_name) ) {
-#    if ( ! open($fls_file, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", $fls_name) ) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -5650,6 +5975,9 @@
     my $pwd_subst = undef; # Initial string for pwd that is to be removed to
                            # make relative paths, when possible.  It must end
                            # in '/', if defined.
+    my $line_no = 0;
+    my $coding_errors = 0;
+    my $coding_errors_max_print = 2;
     for ( <$fls_file> ) {
         # Remove trailing CR and LF. Thus we get correct behavior when an fls file
         #  is produced by MS-Windows program (e.g., in MiKTeX) with CRLF line ends,
@@ -5658,13 +5986,37 @@
         # And convert '\'
         s/\r?\n$//;
         s[\\][/]g;
-        if (($^O eq 'MSWin32') && /PWD/ && is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
-            # TeXLive produces PWD in CS_system not UTF-8.
-            # ???? Later get tex_distribution before analyzing fls file, so do better test.
-            print "PWD line not in UTF-8\n";
-            # Assume in CS_system, no change needed.
+        $line_no++;
+        if ($no_CP_conversions) {
+            # Assume same byte representations for filenames in .fls file as
+            # for file system calls.  No conversions needed.
         }
-        else { $_ = utf8_to_mine($_); }
+        else {
+            # Deal with MS-Win issues when system CP isn't UTF-8
+            if ( ($^O eq 'MSWin32') && /PWD/ && ! is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
+                # TeXLive on MSWin produces PWD in CS_system not UTF-8.
+                # ???? Later get tex_distribution before analyzing fls file, so do better test.
+                print "PWD line not in UTF-8.  This is normal for TeXLive. I will handle it.\n";
+                # Assume in CS_system, no change needed.
+            }
+            elsif ( ! is_valid_utf8($_) ) {
+                $coding_errors++;
+                warn "$My_name: In '$fls_name' =====Line $line_no is not in expected UTF-8 coding:\n$_\n"
+                unless ($coding_errors > $coding_errors_max_print);
+            }
+            else {
+                my $orig = $_;
+                $_ = utf8_to_mine_errors($_);
+                if ($@) {
+                    $coding_errors++;
+                    if (!$silent) {
+                        warn "$@in conversion UTF-8 to system code page of line $line_no of $fls_name\n",
+                              "$orig\n"
+                        unless ($coding_errors > $coding_errors_max_print);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } # End of fudge on MS-Win code page.
         if (/^\s*PWD\s+(.*)$/) {
             my $cwd_fls = $1;
             $pwd_subst = $$Ppwd_latex = $cwd_fls;
@@ -5730,6 +6082,12 @@
         }
     }
     close( $fls_file );
+    if ($coding_errors) {
+        warn "$My_name.$fls_name.  There were $coding_errors line(s) with character coding\n",
+             "  errors: Characters not available in system code page and/or non-UTF-8 in\n",
+             "  file when expected. Dependency information may be incomplete.\n";
+        warn "The first few error lines are listed above\n";
+    }
     return 0;
 } #END parse_fls
 
@@ -5858,11 +6216,12 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub parse_aux {
-    #Usage: parse_aux( $aux_file, \@new_bib_files, \@new_aux_files, \@new_bst_files )
+    # Usage: parse_aux( $aux_file, \@new_bib_files, \@new_aux_files, \@new_bst_files )
     # Parse aux_file (recursively) for bib files, and bst files.  
     # If can't open aux file, then
     #    Return 0 and leave @new_bib_files empty
-    # Else set @new_bib_files from information in the aux files
+    # Else set @new_bib_files and @new_bst_files from information in the
+    #       aux files 
     #    And:
     #    Return 1 if no problems
     #    Return 2 with @new_bib_files empty if there are no \bibdata
@@ -5874,47 +6233,65 @@
     local $Pbib_files = $_[1];
     local $Paux_files = $_[2];
     local $Pbst_files = $_[3];
-   
+    # Default return values
     @$Pbib_files = ();
     @$Pbst_files = ();
     @$Paux_files = ();
 
+
+    # Map file specs (in \bibdata and \bibstyle lines) to actual filenames:
+    local %bib_files = ();
+    local %bst_files = ();
+      
+    # Flag bad \bibdata lines in aux files:
+    local @bad_bib_data = ( );
+    # This array contains the offending lines, with trailing space (and
+    # line terminator) removed.  (Currently detected problems: Arguments
+    # containing spaces, which bibtex refuses to accept.)
+
     parse_aux1( $aux_file );
     if ($#{$Paux_files} < 0) {
-       return 0;
+        # No aux files found/read.
+        return 0;
     }
-    @$Pbib_files = uniqs( @$Pbib_files );
-    @$Pbst_files = uniqs( @$Pbst_files );
+    my @not_found_bib = ();
+    my @not_found_bst = ();
+    find_files( \%bib_files, 'bib', 'bib', $Pbib_files, \@not_found_bib );
+    find_files( \%bst_files, 'bst', 'bst', $Pbst_files, \@not_found_bst );
+    # ???!!! Should only get one bst file, of course. 
 
-    if ( $#{$Pbib_files} == -1 ) {
-        print "$My_name: No .bib files listed in .aux file '$aux_file' \n",
+    if ( $#{$Pbib_files} + $#bad_bib_data  == -2 ) {
+        # 
+        print "$My_name: No .bib files listed in .aux file '$aux_file'\n";
         return 2;
     }
-    my @not_found = &find_file_list1( $Pbib_files, $Pbib_files,
-                                      '.bib', \@BIBINPUTS );
-    @$Pbib_files = uniqs( @$Pbib_files );
-    &find_file_list1( $Pbst_files, $Pbst_files, '.bst' );
-    @$Pbst_files = uniqs( @$Pbst_files );
-    my @bad_bib = ();
-    foreach ( @$Pbib_files ) {
-        if ( /\s/ ) { push @bad_bib, $_; }
+
+    show_array( "$My_name: Found bibliography file(s):", @$Pbib_files )
+        unless $silent;
+    if (@not_found_bib) {
+        show_array(
+            "Bib file(s) not found in search path:",
+            @not_found_bib );
     }
-    if ($#bad_bib >= 0)  {
-            warn "$My_name: White space in an argument list for \\bibliography.\n",
-                 "    which is not allowed by bibtex.  Bad arguments:\n";
-            foreach (@bad_bib ) { warn "    '$_'\n"; }
-            return 3;
+
+    if (@not_found_bst) {
+        show_array( "$My_name: Bst file not found in search path:", @not_found_bst);
     }
-    if ( $#not_found < 0) {
-        print "$My_name: Found bibliography file(s) [@$Pbib_files]\n"
-        unless $silent;
+    
+
+    if ($#bad_bib_data >= 0)  {
+        warn
+            "$My_name: White space in the argument for \\bibdata line(s) in an .aux file.\n",
+            "   This is caused by the combination of spaces in a \\bibliography line in\n",
+            "   a tex source file and the use of a pre-2018 version of *latex.\n",
+            "   The spaces will give a fatal error when bibtex is used.  Bad lines:\n";
+        foreach (@bad_bib_data ) { s/\s$//; warn "    '$_'\n"; }
+        return 3;
     }
-    else {
-        warn "$My_name: Failed to find one or more bibliography files:\n";
-        foreach (@not_found) { warn "    '$_'\n"; }
+    if (@not_found_bib) {
         if ($force_mode) {
-            warn "==== Force_mode is on, so I will continue.  ",
-                 "But there may be problems ===\n";
+            warn "$My_name: Failed to find one or more bibliography files in search path.\n";
+            warn "====BUT force_mode is on, so I will continue. There may be problems ===\n";
         }
         return 3;
     }
@@ -5921,6 +6298,8 @@
     return 1;
 } #END parse_aux
 
+
+
 #************************************************************
 
 sub parse_aux1
@@ -5942,24 +6321,43 @@
    push @$Paux_files, $aux_file;
 AUX_LINE:
    while (<$aux_fh>) {
-      $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
-      if ( /^\\bibdata\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\bibdata{comma_separated_list_of_bib_file_names}
-          # These are normally without the '.bib' extension.
-          push @$Pbib_files, split /,/, $1;
-      }
-      elsif ( /^\\bibstyle\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\bibstyle{bst_file_name}
-          # Normally without the '.bst' extension.
-          push @$Pbst_files, split /,/, $1;
-      }
-      elsif ( /^\\\@input\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
-          # \\@input{next_aux_file_name}
-          &parse_aux1( $aux_dir1.$1 );
-      }
-      else {
-          run_hooks( 'aux_hooks' );
-      }
+       $_ = utf8_to_mine($_);
+       s/\s$//;
+       if ( /^\\bibdata\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\bibdata{comma_separated_list_of_bib_file_names}
+           # This results from a \bibliography command in the document.
+           my $arg = $1;
+           if ($arg =~ /\s/) {
+               # Bibtex will choke when the argument to \bibdata contains
+               # spaces, so flag the error here.
+               # N.B. *latex in TeX Live 2018 and later removes spaces from
+               # the argument to \bibliography before placing it as the
+               # argument to \bibdata in an aux file, so this error only
+               # appears if a *latex from TeX Live 2017 or earlier is used.
+               # Current MiKTeX's *latex (2022) also removes the space.
+               push @bad_bib_data, $_;
+           }
+           else {
+               foreach ( split /,/, $arg ) {
+                   # bib files are always required to have an extension .bib,
+                   # so provide the extension:
+                   if ( ! /\.bib$/ ) { $_ .= '.bib'; }
+                   $bib_files{$_} = '';
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       elsif ( /^\\bibstyle\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\bibstyle{bst_file_name}
+           # Normally without the '.bst' extension.
+           $bst_files{$1} = '';
+       }
+       elsif ( /^\\\@input\{(.*)\}/ ) { 
+           # \\@input{next_aux_file_name}
+           &parse_aux1( $aux_dir1.$1 );
+       }
+       else {
+           run_hooks( 'aux_hooks' );
+       }
    }
    close($aux_fh);
    return 1;
@@ -6108,10 +6506,6 @@
     #
     local ($in_name, $inhibit_output_switch) = @_;
 
-    # We'll have conversions between encodings, and pattern,
-    # so byte semantics will be safest.
-    use bytes;
-    
     my $in_handle;
     if ( ! -e $in_name ) {
         # Note: This is NOT an error condition, since the fdb_latexmk file
@@ -6130,9 +6524,11 @@
                       #  0: outside rule;
                       #  1: in source section;
                       #  2: in generated file section;
+                      #  3: in rewritten-before-read file section;
                       # 10: ignored rule.
     my $rule = '';
     local $run_time = 0;
+    local $last_result = -1;
     local $source = '';
     local $dest = '';
     my $base = '';
@@ -6152,7 +6548,7 @@
                 return 1;
             }
             if ( $1 ne $fdb_ver) {
-                warn "$My_name: File-database '$in_name' is of incompatible version, $1 v. $fdb_ver\n";
+                warn "$My_name: File-database '$in_name' is of incompatible version, $1 v. current version $fdb_ver\n";
                 return 1;
             }
             $state = 0;
@@ -6167,12 +6563,14 @@
             $run_time = $check_time = 0;
             $source = $dest = $base = '';
             $old_actives{$rule} = 1;
-            if ( $tail =~ /^\s*(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s*$/ ) {
+            $last_result = -1;
+            if ( $tail =~ /^\s*(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/ ) {
                 $run_time = $1;
                 $source = $2;
                 $dest = $3;
                 $base = $4;
                 $check_time = $5;
+                $last_result = $6;
             }
             else {
                 # Line is not in correct format
@@ -6184,7 +6582,9 @@
                 next LINE;
             }
             if ( rdb_rule_exists( $rule ) ) {
-                rdb_one_rule( $rule, \&rdb_read_set_rule );
+                # We need to set rule data from contents of fdb_latex file,
+                # but we'll do that later, so that it can be done for both
+                # existing and newly created rules.
             }
             elsif ($rule =~ /^cusdep\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.+)$/ ) {
                 # create custom dependency
@@ -6267,14 +6667,18 @@
                 $state = 10;
                 next LINE;
             }
+            if ( rdb_rule_exists( $rule ) ) {
+                rdb_one_rule( $rule, \&rdb_read_set_rule );
+            }
             $new_source = $new_sources{$rule} = {};
             $state = 1;  #Reading a section, source part
         }
-        elsif ( ($state <=0) || ($state >= 3) ) {
+        elsif ( ($state <=0) || ($state >= 4) ) {
             next LINE;
         }
         elsif ( /^\(source\)/ ) { $state = 1; next LINE; }
         elsif ( /^\(generated\)/ ) { $state = 2; next LINE; }
+        elsif ( /^\(rewritten before read\)/ ) { $state = 3; next LINE; }
         elsif ( ($state == 1) && /^\"([^\"]*)\"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+\"([^\"]*)\"/ ) {
             # Source file line
             my $file = $1;
@@ -6304,6 +6708,10 @@
             my $file = $1;
             rdb_one_rule( $rule, sub{ rdb_add_generated($file); } );
         }
+        elsif ( ($state == 3) && /^\"([^\"]*)\"/ ) {
+            my $file = $1;
+            rdb_one_rule( $rule, sub{ rdb_add_rewritten_before_read($file); } );
+        }
         else {
             warn "$My_name: In file-database '$in_name' ",
                  "line $. is of wrong format:\n   '$_'\n";
@@ -6326,9 +6734,11 @@
     # Rule context assumed.  Implicit passing of $dest, $run_time, $check_time,
     # $in_name used as local variables in calling routine rdb_read.
     #
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { $$Ptest_kind = 1; }
+    $$Pno_history = 0;
     $$Prun_time = $run_time;
     $$Pcheck_time = $check_time;
+    $$Plast_result = $last_result;
+    
     # Deal with possibility that destination file in fdb_latexmk from
     # run differs from what is currently set. Often that just reflects a
     # difference between the end result of the last run and what the user
@@ -6389,8 +6799,6 @@
     # Returns 1 on success, 0 if file couldn't be opened.
     local $out_name = $_[0];
 
-    use bytes;
-    
     local $out_handle;
     if ( ($out_name eq "") || ($out_name eq "-") ) {
         # Open STDOUT
@@ -6417,16 +6825,20 @@
            { 
                return;
            }
-           fprint8( $out_handle, "[\"$rule\"] $$Prun_time \"$$Psource\" \"$$Pdest\" \"$$Pbase\" $$Pcheck_time\n" );
+           fprint8( $out_handle, "[\"$rule\"] $$Prun_time \"$$Psource\" \"$$Pdest\" \"$$Pbase\" $$Pcheck_time $$Plast_result\n" );
            rdb_do_files(
                sub { my $from_rule = $from_rules{$file} || '';
                      fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$file\" $$Ptime $$Psize $$Pmd5 \"$from_rule\"\n" );
                }
-           );
+           );           
            fprint8( $out_handle, "  (generated)\n" );
            foreach (sort keys %$PHdest) {
                fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$_\"\n" );
            }
+           fprint8( $out_handle, "  (rewritten before read)\n" );
+           foreach (sort keys %$PHrewritten_before_read) {
+               fprint8( $out_handle, "  \"$_\"\n" );
+           }
        }
     );
     close $out_handle;
@@ -6442,6 +6854,7 @@
     # Set its dependents etc, using information from log, aux, and fls files.
     # Use fls file only if $recorder is set, and the fls file was generated
     # on this run.
+    # Return: 
 
     # N.B.  A complication which we try and handle in determining
     #   dependent files is that there may be aliasing of file names,
@@ -6563,7 +6976,7 @@
     local %source_fls = ();    # Lists source files found in fls file
     local %first_read_after_write = (); # Lists source files that are only read
                                   # after being written (so are not true
-                                  # source files.
+                                  # source files).
     local $primary_out = $$Pdest;  # output file (dvi or pdf)
     local %conversions = ();   # *latex-performed conversions.
                      # Maps output file created and read by *latex
@@ -6872,11 +7285,9 @@
             if ($diagnostics);
         if ( exists $first_read_after_write{$new_source} ) {
             if ( dep_at_start($new_source) ) {
-                #print "--- READ ONLY AFTER WRITE OF '$new_source'\n";
-                $dependents{$new_source} = 7;
+                $dependents{$new_source} = 8;
             }
             else {
-                #print "--- READ ONLY AFTER CREATE OF '$new_source'\n";
                 $dependents{$new_source} = 6;
             }
         }
@@ -6897,6 +7308,7 @@
         }
         elsif ( $dependents{$new_source} == 7 )  {
             # File was result of conversion by *latex.
+            # start of run.  S
             my $cnv_source = $conversions{$new_source};
             rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $new_source );
 #            if ($cnv_source && ($cnv_source !~ /\"/ ) ) {
@@ -6910,6 +7322,14 @@
             #    do not require a rerun:
             rdb_one_file( $new_source, sub{ $$Pcorrect_after_primary = 1; } );
         }
+        elsif ( $dependents{$new_source} == 8 )  {
+            print "=================  REWRITE '$new_source'\n";
+            # File was read only after being written
+            # and the file existed at the beginning of the run
+            rdb_ensure_file( $rule, $new_source );
+            rdb_add_generated( $new_source );
+            rdb_add_rewritten_before_read( $new_source );
+        }
         else {
             # But we don't need special precautions for ordinary user files 
             #    (or for files that are generated outside of latex/pdflatex). 
@@ -6957,7 +7377,7 @@
         }
     }
     my @files_not_needed = ();
-    foreach (keys %$PHsource) { 
+    foreach (keys %$PHsource) {
         if ( ! exists $dependents{$_} ) {
             print "Removing no-longer-needed dependent '$_' from rule '$rule'\n"
               if $diagnostics;
@@ -6966,7 +7386,8 @@
     }
     rdb_remove_files( $rule, @files_not_needed );
 
-    return ($missing_dirs, [@missing_subdirs] );
+    return ($missing_dirs, [@missing_subdirs],
+            ( $log_info{bad_warning} ? 1 : 0 ) );
 
 } # END rdb_set_latex_deps
 
@@ -6976,7 +7397,9 @@
     # Usage: switch_output( primary_rule, actual_ext, intended_ext )
     # Rearrange rules to deal with changed extension of output file of
     # the specified primary rule (one of *latex).
-    # Return 0 on success, non-zero error code on failure
+    # The switching only works if no request was made for dvi, ps or xdv
+    # files, but only if the requested file was pdf.
+    # Return 0 on success, non-zero error code on failure.
 
     my ( $rule, $actual_ext, $intended_ext ) = @_;
     if ( $actual_ext eq $intended_ext ) { return 0; }
@@ -6987,6 +7410,12 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+    # Turn off all pdf producers and all primaries (pdf producing or not).
+    # Then reactivate what we need: current rule and whatever else is needed
+    # to produce a pdf file.
+    # Given that we get here if the rule is not producing the intended kind
+    # of output file, it's best to turn off all primaries, so as to make the
+    # primary in use unambiguous.
     rdb_deactivate_derequest( 'dvipdf', 'pspdf', 'xdvipdfmx', keys %possible_primaries );
     
     rdb_activate_request( $rule );
@@ -7178,7 +7607,7 @@
     }
     if ( exists $ENV{TEXINPUTS} ) {
         foreach my $searchpath (split $search_path_separator, $ENV{TEXINPUTS}) {
-            my $file = File::Spec->catfile($searchpath,$_[0]);
+            my $file = catfile($searchpath,$_[0]);
             my $test = "$file.$_[1]";
             if ( -e $test ) {
                 return $file;
@@ -7298,7 +7727,8 @@
                  my $new_dest = "$file.$try_ext";
                  &Run_subst( "$make $quote$new_dest$quote" );
                  if ( -e $new_dest ) {
-                     print "SUCCESS in making '$new_dest'\n";
+                     print "SUCCESS in making '$new_dest'\n",
+                          "I'll ensure '$rule' is rerun.\n";
                      # Put file in rule, without a from_rule, but
                      # set its state as non-existent, to correspond
                      # to file's state before the file was made
@@ -7352,23 +7782,21 @@
     if ($pdf_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.pdf';}
     if ($dvi_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.dvi';}
     if ($postscript_mode) {push @dest_exts, '.ps';}
+
     my %source = ( $texfile_name => 1 );
-    my @generated = ();
     my @accessible_all = &rdb_accessible;
     rdb_for_some(
         \@accessible_all,
-        sub{ push @generated, keys %$PHdest; },
+        sub{},
         sub{ $source{$file} = 1; }
     );
-    foreach (keys %generated_exts) {
-        (my $name = /%R/ ? $_ : "%R.$_") =~ s/%R/${aux_dir1}${root_filename}/;
-        push @generated, $name;
-    }
-    show_array( "Generated:", @generated )  if $diagnostics;
-    foreach (@generated) {
+    foreach (keys %from_rules) {
+        # Remove known generated files from list of source files.
         delete $source{$_};
     }
-    show_array( "Sources:", keys %source ) if $diagnostics;
+
+    show_array( "Sources:", sort keys %source ) if $diagnostics;
+
     foreach my $ext (@dest_exts) {
          # Don't insert name of deps file in targets.
          # The previous behavior of inserting the name of the deps file
@@ -7412,7 +7840,7 @@
              foreach (@int_cmd) {
                  if ( !defined($_) ) { $_='undef';}
              }
-             print "  [$rule]: '$$Pcmd_type' '$$Pext_cmd' '@int_cmd' $$Ptest_kind ",
+             print "  [$rule]: '$$Pcmd_type' '$$Pext_cmd' '@int_cmd' $$Pno_history ",
                    "'$$Psource' '$$Pdest' '$$Pbase' $$Pout_of_date $$Pout_of_date_user\n"; },
         sub{ print "    '$file': $$Ptime $$Psize $$Pmd5 '", ($from_rules{$file} || ''), "'\n"; }
     );
@@ -7487,10 +7915,15 @@
     # a typical postscript file), or for a non-trivial reason (e.g., a
     # stochastic algorithm, as in abcm2ps).   
     #
-    # This caused me some actual trouble.  In general, circular
-    # dependencies produce non-termination, and the the following
-    # situation is an example of a generic situation where certain
-    # rules must be obeyed in order to obtain proper results:
+    # This caused me some actual trouble in certain cases, with circular
+    # dependencies causing non-termination when the standard
+    # stability-of-source-file algorithm is applied, together with
+    # non-optimality if the depedence isn't actually circular: e.g., from a
+    # rerun of X-to-pdf cusdep, where the pdf file is unchanged from
+    # previous one aside from a time of generation comment.  The following
+    # situation is an example of a generic situation where a change from
+    # the standard stability-of-input-files criterion must be modified in
+    # order to obtain proper results: 
     #    1.  A/the latex source file contains specifications for
     #        certain postprocessing operations.  Standard *latex 
     #        already has this, for indexing and bibliography.
@@ -7499,11 +7932,11 @@
     #        in external source files not directly input to
     #        *latex.  But in the original version, there was a
     #        style file (abc.sty) that caused latex itself to call
-    #        abcm2ps to make .eps files for each tune that were to be
-    #        read in on the next run of latex. 
+    #        abcm2ps **un**conditionally to make .eps files for each tune
+    #        that was to be read in on the next run of latex.
     #    3.  Thus the specification can cause a non-terminating loop
     #        for latexmk, because the output files of abcm2ps changed
-    #        even with identical input.  
+    #        on every run, even with identical input.  
     #    4.  The solution was to 
     #        a. Use a style file abc_get.sty that simply wrote the
     #           specification on the tunes to the .aux file in a
@@ -7518,106 +7951,190 @@
     #           changes.
     #        This solves the problem.  Latexmk works.  Also, it is no
     #        longer necessary to enable write18 in latex, and multiple
-    #        unnecessary runs of abcm2ps are no longer used. 
+    #        unnecessary runs of abcm2ps are no longer used.
+
+    #        [**N.B.** Other sty files have similar problems, of
+    #        unconditional write18s to make eps, pdf or other files. That's
+    #        always non-optimal, often highly so --- see at least one of
+    #        the example_latexmkrc files for real cases. But work is needed
+    #        on the package to do better, which has been done in some
+    #        packages. It is also possible to do better with a suitable
+    #        configuration of latexmk with write18 turned off. E,g,,
+    #        perhaps a cusdep, or a fancy used of a subroutine for *latex
+    #        --- see the example_latexmkrc files for examples.]
     #
-    # The order of testing and applying rules is chosen by the
-    # following heuristics: 
-    #    1.  Both latex and pdflatex may be used, but the resulting
-    #        aux files etc may not be completely identical.  Define
-    #        latex and pdflatex as primary rules.  Apply the general
-    #        method of repeated circulating through all rules until
-    #        the source files are stable for each primary rule
-    #        separately.  Naturally the rules are all accessible
-    #        rules, but excluding primary rules except for the current
-    #        primary.
-    #    2.  Assume that the primary rules are relatively
-    #        time-consuming, so that unnecessary passes through them
-    #        to check stability of the source files should be avoided.
-    #    3.  Assume that although circular dependencies exist, the
-    #        rules can nevertheless be thought of as basically
-    #        non-circular, and that many rules are strictly or
-    #        normally non-circular.  In particular cusdep rules are
-    #        typically non-circular (e.g., fig2eps), as are normal
-    #        output processing rules like dvi2ps.  
-    #    4.  The order for the non-circular approximation is
-    #        determined by applying the assumption that an output file
-    #        from one rule that is read in for an earlier stage is
-    #        unchanged. 
-    #    HOWEVER, at a first attempt, the ordering is not needed.  It
-    #    only gives an optimization
-    #    5.  (Note that these assumptions could be violated, e.g., if
-    #        $dvips is arranged not only to do the basic dvips
-    #        command, but also to extract information from the ps file
-    #        and feed it back to an input file for *latex.)
-    #    6.  Nevertheless, the overall algorithm should allow
-    #        circularities.  Then the general criterion of stability
-    #        of source files covers the general case, and also
-    #        robustly handles the case that the USER changes source
-    #        files during a run.  This is particularly important in
-    #        -pvc mode, given that a full make on a large document can
-    #        be quite lengthy in time, and moreover that a user
-    #        naturally wishes to make corrections in response to
-    #        errors, particularly latex errors, and have them apply
-    #        right away.
+    # The method used is conditioned on:
+    #    1.  The network of active rules is constructed, with dependencies
+    #        linking the rules.  The network may change during the
+    #        make. Notably, dependency information can be discovered from
+    #        the results of runs of rules, especially *latex. This involves
+    #        addition (and deletion) of items in the source-file list of a
+    #        rule. It also involves addition (or deletion) of rule-nodes
+    #        for e.g., cusdeps, bibtex, makeindex.  Bigger changes
+    #        sometimes occur --- e.g., when a .tex document chooses a
+    #        kind of output file from the expected one: e.g., pdf to dvi or
+    #        vice versa.
+    #    2.  The *latex rules are called primary rules, and are the core
+    #        source of dependency information (as ultimately determined by
+    #        the .tex file(s). Only one primary rule is active.  That was
+    #        enforced by initialization.
+    #    3.  There are generally loops of dependencies.  The overall aim is
+    #        to keep looping through rules until the content of the source
+    #        files for each rule is unchanged from the previous run.  Given
+    #        the basic assumption that it is the content of these files
+    #        that determines the output, stability of input files gives
+    #        stability of output.
+    #    4.  During the loop, the main criterion for running a rule is
+    #        that the current contents of the source files are changed
+    #        compared with the state saved in the rule.  This is
+    #        supplemented by the condition that a rule not previously run
+    #        (under latexmk control) is to be run unconditionally.
+    #    5.  In addition, there are specified dependencies not going via a
+    #        set of files not known to latexmk as source files of the
+    #        target rule.  The primary examples are dvips, dvipdf, etc,
+    #        which use graphics files; these are specified to have a dvi
+    #        producing fule (e.g., latex) as a source rule.  Such a rule is
+    #        to be run after the source rule has been run.
+    #    6.  There are special cases, coded in rdb_rerun_needed and
+    #        rdb_file_change1. 
+    #    7.  Immediately before running a rule, the saved state of its
+    #        source files is updated to their current state.  If there is
+    #        no error in the run, the source-file-state is **not** updated
+    #        after the rule is run.  Then on a subsequent pass through
+    #        rdb_make's main loop, when the rule is tested for a rerun, any
+    #        change in source file contents is cause for running the rule
+    #        again.
+    #    8.  But after a run giving an error, the state of the generated
+    #        files (i.e., non-user files) is updated to the current state.
+    #        This is because the error (under normal circumstances) must be
+    #        corrected by user action: e.g., correcting a source file, and
+    #        possibly deleting some corrupted auxiliary file.  Files (e.g.,
+    #        .aux by *latex) generated by the rule just run may well have
+    #        changed, so updating their state to the current state prevents
+    #        another run before a user change.  If a file was generated by
+    #        another rule, it won't have changed its state, so updating its
+    #        state won't matter.  But a non-generated file is a
+    #        user-created file, and a rerun is entailed if its contents
+    #        changed compared with the start of the run; it's the
+    #        start-of-run contents that were used in the error run.
+    #    9.  Note: an error may be caused by a problem with a file
+    #        generated by another rule, e.g., a bbl file created by bibtex
+    #        and read by *latex, but with no error reported by bibtex.  To
+    #        correct the error a source file (possibly more than once
+    #        removed must be changed).  That triggers a rerun of the
+    #        producing rule, and after that the resulting change causes a
+    #        rerun of the original rule that had the error.  E.g.,
+    #        correcting a .bib file causes bibtex to run, producing a
+    #        corrected .bbl file, after which *latex is caused to be run.
+    #    10. With circular dependencies, there is a choice of which order
+    #        to examine the rules.  Generally, primary rules are more 
+    #        time-consuming than most others, so the choice of the order of
+    #        examination of rules to check out-of-dateness is to try to
+    #        minimize the number of primary runs.  The other time-consuming
+    #        rules are things like xdvipdfmx in documents with much
+    #        graphics. These are normally outside a dependency loop, so
+    #        those are left to last.  Even if they are inside a dependency
+    #        loop, they need the primary rule to have been run first.
+    #    11. After rdb_make is run, all non-user source files are updated
+    #        to their current state.  Rules are considered up-to-date
+    #        here. On a subsequent call to rdb_make, subsequent changes are
+    #        relevant to what is to be done.  Note: the states of user
+    #        files aren't updated.  This guards against user caused changes
+    #        that are made between the start of the run of a rule and the
+    #        end of rdb_make.
+    #
+    #        [Comment: Possible scenario for dvips, xdvipdfmx etc in loop:
+    #        Document is documentation for viewer. At some page, the result
+    #        in the viewer is to be displayed, with the display in the
+    #        viewer being a neighboring page of the document, so the
+    #        relevant page is extracted from the pdf file (or ...), and
+    #        then processed into a graphics file to be included in the
+    #        document.] 
+    #
     # This leads to the following approach:
     #    1.  Classify accessible rules as: primary, pre-primary
     #        (typically cusdep, bibtex, makeindex, etc), post-primary
-    #        (typically dvips, etc), and one-time
-    #    2.  Then stratify the rules into an order of application that
-    #        corresponds to the basic feedforward structure, with the
-    #        exclusion of one-time rules.
-    #    3.  Always require that one-time rules are among the
-    #        explicitly requested rules, i.e., the last to be applied,
-    #        were we to apply them.  Anything else would not match the
-    #        idea of a one-time rule.  
-    #    4.  Then work as follows:
-    #        a. Loop over primaries
-    #        b. For each primary, examine each pre-primary rule and
-    #           apply if needed, then the primary rule and then each
-    #           post-primary rule.  The ordering of the pre-primary
-    #           and post-primary rules was found in step 2.
-    #      BUT applying the ordering is not essential
-    #        c. Any time that a pre-primary or primary rule is
-    #           applied, loop back to the beginning of step b.  This
-    #           ensures that bibtex etc are applied before rerunning
-    #           *latex, and also covers changing source files, and
-    #           gives priority to quick pre-primary rules for changing
-    #           source files against slow reruns of latex.
-    #        d. Then apply post-primary rules in order, but not
-    #           looping back after each rule.  This non-looping back
-    #           is because the rules are normally feed-forward only.
-    #      BUT applying the ordering is not essential
-    #        e. But after completing post-primary rules do loop back
-    #           to b if any rules were applied.  This covers exotic
-    #           circular dependence (and as a byproduct, changing
-    #           source files).
-    #        f. On each case of looping back to b, re-evaluate the
-    #           dependence setup to allow for the effect of changing
-    #           source files.  
-    #    
+    #        (typically dvips, etc), and one-time.
+    #        This step is the start of rdb_make's main "PASS" loop.
+    #    2.  Go over the pre-primaries, the primary and the
+    #        post-primaries. Examine each rule for out-of-dateness; if 
+    #        out-of-date run it.
+    #    3.  Just before a run of a rule, update its source file state to
+    #        the current state of the files.
+    #    4.  After the rule is run, at least after a primary rule is run,
+    #        examine the dependency information available (.fls, .log, .aux
+    #        files) and updated the rule configuration. This can involve
+    #        radical changes in the rule network: E.g., a newly found use
+    #        of bibtex or makeindex, or even more radical rearrangements,
+    #        if for example (under document control) *latex produces a .dvi
+    #        file instead of an expected .pdf file.
+    #    5.  If in any pass through the loop one (or more) of the
+    #        pre-primary and primary rules is run, don't go on to examine
+    #        the post-primaries. Not only are these are sometimes
+    #        time-consuming and are almost always outside the dependency
+    #        loops involving the primary, but, most importantly, dealing
+    #        with the dependency information from a primary rule can change
+    #        the rule network a lot.
+    #        Instead go back to step 1.
+    #    6.  Once visiting the pre-primaries and primaries no longer
+    #        triggers any run, i.e., those rules are all stable, go on to
+    #        the post-primaries.
+    #    7.  If one or more of the post-primaries has been run, go back to
+    #        1. This allows for the possibility that a post-primary rule is
+    #        part of a dependency loop.  This is highly unusual for a
+    #        normal document, but not impossible in principle.  See earlier
+    #        for a conceivable example.
+    #    10. Thus we finish the looping when no further run has been
+    #        triggered by an examination of all of the pre-primary,
+    #        primary, post-primary rules.
+    #    11. In addition, the loop is terminated if the number of
+    #        applications of a rule exceeds a configured maximum. This
+    #        guards agains the possibility that it may never be possible to
+    #        get stable output, i.e., there is an infinite loop.  It is
+    #        impossible for an algorithm to determine in general whether
+    #        there is an infinite loop.  (An example of the Turing halting
+    #        theorem.) But normal documents need a decidable modest number
+    #        of passes through the loop.  Any exceeding of the limit on the
+    #        number of passes needs examination. 
+    #    12. Finally apply one-time rules.  These are rules that by their
+    #        nature are both outside of any dependency a loop and are ones
+    #        that should be applied last.  Standard ones including running
+    #        a viewer or causing it to be updated.  The standard ones are
+    #        not actually in the class of rules that rdb_make runs. Instead
+    #        they are run by the calling routines, since the needs may be
+    #        quite special.
 
-    # ??? Overkill?
+    # ???!!! Overkill?
     &rdb_set_rule_net;
 
-    local %pass = ();
+    local %pass = ();     # Counts runs on each rule: Used for testing for
+                          # exceeding maximum runs and for determining
+                          # whether to run rules that have a list of source
+                          # rules. (E.g., dvips, which is to be run
+                          # whenever latex has been run to make a dvi
+                          # file. This because the list of source files of
+                          # dvips misses all graphics files, and so the
+                          # source file method is insufficient for deciding
+                          # on a rerun.)
+    rdb_for_some( [keys %rule_db],
+                 sub{ $pass{$rule} = 0; 
+                      foreach (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
+                          $$PHsource_rules{$_} = 0;
+                      }
+                  }
+        );
+
     local $failure = 0;        # General accumulated error flag
     local $missing_dvi_pdf = ''; # Did primary run fail to make its output file?
     local $runs = 0;
     local $runs_total = 0;
     local $too_many_passes = 0;
-    local %rules_applied = ();
     local $switched_primary_output = 0;
     local @warning_list = ();  # Undef refs etc reported in last primary run
     my $retry_msg = 0;         # Did I earlier say I was going to attempt 
                                # another pass after a failure?
-    rdb_for_some ( [keys %rule_db],
-                   sub{ $pass{$rule} = 0; 
-                        foreach (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
-                            $$PHsource_rules{$_} = 0;
-                        }
-                   }
-                 );
-    PASS:
+    my %changes = ();  # For reporting of changes
+  PASS:
     while (1==1) {
         # Exit condition at end of body of loop.
         $runs = 0;
@@ -7658,6 +8175,12 @@
                       "make new source files\n";
                 next PASS;
             }
+            elsif ( rdb_user_changes( \%changes, @pre_primary, $current_primary )) {
+                print "$My_name: Some rule(s) failed, but user file(s) changed ",
+                    "so keep trying\n";
+                rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "", 1 ) if (!$silent);
+                next PASS;
+            }
             else { last PASS; }
         }
         if ($runs == 0) {
@@ -7665,7 +8188,7 @@
             $failure = $previous_failure;
             if ($retry_msg) {
                 print "But in fact no new files made\n";
-                }
+            }
             if ($failure && !$force_mode ) { last PASS; }
         }
         if ( $missing_dvi_pdf ) { 
@@ -7694,9 +8217,62 @@
 
     rdb_for_some( [@unusual_one_time], \&rdb_make1 );
 
-    if ($runs_total > 0) { rdb_write( $fdb_name ); }
+    #---------------------------------------
+    # All of make done. Finish book-keeping:
+    # 1. Update state of source files suitably.
+    # 2. Update fdb_latexmk file, if needed.
+    # 3. Diagnostics.
+    # 4. Other book-keeping and clean up.
+
+    ############ Update state of source files.  Complications:
+    # **Either** success.  Then the algorithms arrange that the contents of
+    #       source files have stabilized between start and end of run of rule,
+    #       so that output files have also stabilized.
+    # **or** failure. Then processing is normally aborted, so source files
+    #       that are generated may not have stabilized, e.g., .aux file.
+    # At the next round of compilation (or test for a need for a rerun, as in
+    # make_preview_continuous), the criterion for a rerun of a rule is that
+    # source file(s) have changed relative to the saved state.
+    # At this point the saved file state for each rule is the state just
+    # before its last run.  After a successful make, that gives correct
+    # behavior, including for user files (i.e., non-generated files). But
+    # not always after a failure.
+    #
+    # **So at this point we set state of generated source files to current
+    # state.**
+    #
+    # Normally there are no further changes in generated files, so they
+    # won't trigger reruns, only changes in user files will do that.
+    # That's correct behavior.
+    # But occasionally generated files have errors that block further
+    # processing, as is known for .aux and .bbl files. Then user can
+    # delete .aux and .bbl and thereby trigger a rerun.  It also optimizes
+    # testing for changes, since, e.g., an .aux file of the same content but
+    # a different time than the current file will have its md5 signature
+    # recomputed during a check for a rerun.  But when both time and size
+    # are unchanged, the test is optimized by assuming no change, and it
+    # doesn't do the md5 calculation.
+    #
+    # **However**, we will not update the state of the user files (i.e.,
+    # the non-generated files).  This is because when the user notices an
+    # error during a run, they may correct the error in a .tex file say,
+    # but both too late to trigger a *latex and too early to be a post-make
+    # changed. Then it is correct to compare the current state of a user
+    # source file with its state just before the last run.
+    #
+    # In addition, we only update the file state for active rules, i.e.,
+    # those that the current use of make is supposed to have made
+    # up-to-date.
+    # Only do file-state update if something was run, otherwise it's work
+    # for nothing.
+    
+    if ($runs_total > 0) {
+        rdb_for_some( [rdb_accessible()], \&rdb_update_gen_files );
+        rdb_write( $fdb_name );
+    }
     else { print "$My_name: Nothing to do for '$texfile_name'.\n"; }
 
+    # Diagnostics
     if ($#primary_warning_summary > -1) {
         # N.B. $mult_defined, $bad_reference, $bad_character, $bad_citation also available here.
         show_array( "$My_name: Summary of warnings from last run of *latex:", 
@@ -7728,13 +8304,21 @@
             print "$My_name: All targets (@dests) are up-to-date\n";
         }
     }
-    rdb_for_some ( [keys %rule_db],
+
+    # ???!!! Rethink use of %pass, and it's scoping.
+    # Currently %pass is local in rdb_make and is used only to determine
+    # whether a rule needs to be run because a source rule has been run,
+    # and this would be within the same call to rdb_make.
+    # OLD COMMENT: Update source_rules.  Is this too late?  I don't think so, it's
+    # internal to make and to multiple calls to it (pvc).  Is this
+    # necessary?
+    rdb_for_some( [keys %rule_db],
                    sub{ 
                         foreach my $s_rule (keys %$PHsource_rules) {
                             $$PHsource_rules{$s_rule} = $pass{$s_rule};
                         }
                    }
-                );
+        );
     return $failure;
 } #END rdb_make
 
@@ -7776,6 +8360,7 @@
 #-------------------
 
 sub rdb_make1 {
+    # ???!!! Rethink how $$Pout_of_date is reset at end.
     # Call: rdb_make1
     # Helper routine for rdb_make.
     # Carries out make at level of given rule (all data available).
@@ -7782,10 +8367,17 @@
     # Assumes contexts for recursion, make, and rule, and
     # assumes that source files for the rule are to be considered
     # up-to-date.
+    our $rule;
     if ($diagnostics) { print "  Make for rule '$rule'\n"; }
+    # Is this needed?  Yes; rdb_make1 is called on a sequence of rules and
+    # if one gives an error, then it provides source files directly or
+    # indirectly to later rules, which should not be run.
     if ($failure & ! $force_mode) {return;}
-    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; } 
 
+    # Rule may have been created since last run.  Just in case we didn't,
+    # define $pass{$rule} elsewhere, do it here:
+    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; }
+
     # Special fix up for bibtex:
     my $bibtex_not_run = -1;   # Flags status as to whether this is a
         # bibtex rule and if it is, whether out-of-date condition is to
@@ -7801,81 +8393,41 @@
         if ($bibtex_use == 0) {
            $bibtex_not_run = 2;
         }
-        elsif ( ($bibtex_use == 1) || ($bibtex_use == 1.5) ) {
-            foreach ( keys %$PHsource ) {
-                if ( ( /\.bib$/ ) && (! -e $_) ) {
-                    push @missing_bib_files, $_;
-                    $bibtex_not_run = 1;
+        else {
+            if ( $rule =~ /^biber/ ) {
+                warn "$My_name: ???!!!==== Using biber OMITTING TEST on missing bib files\n";
+            }
+            elsif ( ($bibtex_use == 1) || ($bibtex_use == 1.5) ) {
+                foreach ( keys %$PHsource ) {
+                    if ( ( /\.bib$/ ) && (! -e $_) ) {
+                        push @missing_bib_files, $_;
+                        $bibtex_not_run = 1;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if ( ($$Prun_time == 0) && exists($possible_primaries{$rule}) ) {
-        push @rules_never_run, $rule;
-        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        $$Plast_result = -1;
+    if ( ! rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes, 0) ) { return; }
+
+    # Set this in case of early exit:
+    # ???!!! Check I am setting $missing_dvi_pdf correctly.
+    if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest)  && ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) ) {
+        $missing_dvi_pdf = $$Pdest;
     }
-    else {
-        if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest) ) {
-            # With a non-existent destination, if we haven't made any passes
-            #   through a rule, rerunning the rule is good, because the file
-            #   may fail to exist because of being deleted by the user (for ex.)
-            #   rather than because of a failure on a previous run. 
-            # (We could do better with a flag in fdb file.)
-            # But after the first pass, the situation is different.  
-            #   For a primary rule *latex, the lack of a destination file 
-            #      could result from there being zero content due to a missing
-            #      essential input file.  The input file could be generated 
-            #      by a program to be run later (e.g., a cusdep or bibtex), 
-            #      so we should wait until all passes are completed before 
-            #      deciding a non-existent destination file is an error.
-            #   For a custom dependency, the rule may be obsolete, and
-            #      if the source file does not exist also, we should simply
-            #      not run the rule, but not set an error condition.
-            #      Any error will arise at the *latex level due to a 
-            #      missing source file at that level.
-            if ( $$Psource && (! -e $$Psource)
-                 && ( $$Pcmd_type ne 'primary' )
-               ) {
-                # Main source file doesn't exist, and rule is NOT primary.
-                # No action, since a run is pointless.  Primary is different:
-                # file might be found elsewhere (by kpsearch from *latex),
-                # while non-existence of main source file is a clear error.
-            }
-            elsif ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'delegated' ) {
-                # Delegate to destination rule
-            }
-            elsif ( $pass{$rule}==0) {
-                push @no_dest, $$Pdest;
-                $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-            }
-            if ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) {
-                $missing_dvi_pdf = $$Pdest;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
-    &rdb_clear_change_record;
-    &rdb_flag_changes_here(0);
-
-    if (!$$Pout_of_date) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if ($diagnostics) { print "     remake\n"; }
     if (!$silent) { 
-        print "$My_name: applying rule '$rule'...\n"; 
-        &rdb_diagnose_changes( "Rule '$rule': " );
+        print "$My_name: applying rule '$rule'...\n";
+        &rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, "Rule '$rule': ", 0 );
     }
 
-    # We are applying the rule, so its source file state for when it
-    # was last made is as of now:
-    # ??IS IT CORRECT TO DO NOTHING IN CURRENT VERSION?
+    # We are applying the rule, so its source file state for when it was
+    # last made is as of now.  This is do in the subroutines that do the
+    # actual run, to allow for possible calls to them from other places.
 
     # The actual run
     my $return = 0;   # Return code from called routine
-    # Rule may have been created since last run:
-    if ( ! defined $pass{$rule} ) {$pass{$rule} = 0; }
+
     if ( $pass{$rule} >= $max_repeat ) {
         # Avoid infinite loop by having a maximum repeat count
         # Getting here represents some kind of weird error.
@@ -7889,7 +8441,6 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    $rules_applied{$rule} = 1;
     $runs++;
     $runs_total++;
 
@@ -7927,7 +8478,7 @@
             #  latex run and the consequent analysis of the log file, the
             #  cusdep rule will no longer be needed, and will be removed.
 
-            # So in this case, do NOT report an error          
+            # So in this case, do NOT report an error
             $$Pout_of_date = 0;
         }
         elsif ($$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) { 
@@ -7958,6 +8509,15 @@
         if ( !$$Plast_message ) {
             $$Plast_message = "Run of rule '$rule' gave a non-zero error code";
         }
+        # Update state of generated source files, but not non-generated,
+        # i.e., user source files. Thus any change in the rule's own
+        # generated source files during the run will not cause a
+        # rerun. Files generated by another rule should not have been
+        # changed during the run, so updating their saved state in this
+        # rule is a NOP.  But any change in user files since the **start**
+        # of the run is a cause for a rerun, so their saved state must not
+        # be updated.
+        rdb_update_gen_files();
     }
     foreach ( keys %$PHsource_rules ) {
         $$PHsource_rules{$_} = $pass{$_};
@@ -7976,7 +8536,7 @@
 
     # Defaults for summary of results of run.
     $$Prun_time = time();
-    
+
     $$Pchanged = 0;       # No special changes in files
     $$Plast_result = 0;
     $$Plast_message = '';
@@ -8038,7 +8598,7 @@
         $$Plast_message = "Bug or configuration error; incorrect command type";
     }
     $time = processing_time() - $time;
-    push @timings, "'$_[0]': time = " . sprintf('%.2f',$time) . "\n";
+    add_timing( $time, $rule );
 
 #============================================================================
 
@@ -8137,6 +8697,10 @@
         my $retcode = check_bibtex_log($$Pbase);
         if ( ! -e $$Psource ) {
             $retcode = 10;
+            if (!$silent) {
+                print "Source '$$Psource' for '$rule' doesn't exist,\n",
+                    "so I'll force *latex to run to try and make it.\n";
+            }
             rdb_for_some( [keys %current_primaries], sub{ $$Pout_of_date = 1; } );
         }
         if ($retcode == 3) {
@@ -8171,12 +8735,6 @@
 
     # General
     $updated = 1;
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { 
-        # We are time-criterion first time only.  Now switch to
-        # file-change criterion
-        $$Ptest_kind = 1; 
-    }
-
     if ( ($$Plast_result == 0) && ($return != 0) && ($return != -2) ) {
         $$Plast_result = 2;
         if ($$Plast_message eq '') {
@@ -8183,7 +8741,8 @@
             $$Plast_message = "Command for '$rule' gave return code $return";
             if ($rule =~ /^(pdf|lua|xe|)latex/) {
                 if ( test_gen_file($log_name) ) {
-                    $$Plast_message .= "\n      Refer to '$log_name' for details";
+                    $$Plast_message .=
+                      "\n      Refer to '$log_name' and/or above output for details";
                 }
                 else {
                     $$Plast_message .=
@@ -8217,11 +8776,6 @@
     $$Plast_result = 0;
     $$Plast_message = '';
 
-    if ($$Ptest_kind == 3) { 
-        # We are time-criterion first time only.  Now switch to
-        # file-change criterion
-        $$Ptest_kind = 1; 
-    }
     $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = 0;
 
     return 0;
@@ -8244,7 +8798,7 @@
     # This is a globally usable subroutine, and works in a rule context,
     #    and outside.
     # Defaults:
-    #     cmd: $PPext_cmd if defined, else '';
+    #     cmd: $$Pext_cmd if defined, else '';
     #     msg: 1
     #     options: ''
     #     source:  $$Psource if defined, else $texfile_name;
@@ -8323,7 +8877,7 @@
     #
     # Assumes contexts for: recursion, make, & rule.
     # Assumes (a) the rule is a primary, 
-    #         (b) a run has to be made,
+    #         (b) a run has been made,
 
     my $return_latex = shift;
     my $return = $return_latex;
@@ -8335,7 +8889,7 @@
     # Handle case that log file is caused to be in an unexpected place,
     #   from a configuration error:
     &find_set_log;
-
+    
     if ($recorder) {
         # Handle problem that some version of *latex give fls files
         #    of name latex.fls or pdflatex.fls instead of $root_filename.fls.
@@ -8377,7 +8931,11 @@
     }
 
     # Find current set of source files:
-    my ($missing_dirs, $PA_missing_subdirs) = &rdb_set_latex_deps;
+    my ($missing_dirs, $PA_missing_subdirs, $bad_warnings) = &rdb_set_latex_deps;
+    if ($bad_warning_is_error && $bad_warnings) {
+        warn "$My_name: Serious warnings in .log configured to be errors\n";
+        $return ||= $bad_warnings;
+    }
 
     # For each file of the kind made by epstopdf.sty during a run, 
     #   if the file has changed during a run, then the new version of
@@ -8429,54 +8987,248 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_clear_change_record {
-    # Initialize diagnostics for reasons for running rule.
-    @changed = ();
-    %changed_rules = ();
-    @changed_user = ();
-    @disappeared = ();
-    @no_dest = ();          # We are not now using this
-    @rules_never_run = ();
-    @rules_to_apply = ();   # This is used in recursive application
-                            # of rdb_flag_changes_here, to list
-                            # rules that were out-of-date for some reason.
-} #END rdb_clear_change_record 
+sub rdb_remake_needed {
+    # Usage: rdb_remake_needed( \%change_record, outside-make-loop, rules ...)
+    # Determine whether one or more of the rules needs to be rerun, and
+    # return corresponding value.
+    #
+    # Report diagnostics (reasons for remake) in the hash referenced by the
+    # first argument (the hash maps kinds of reason to refs to arrays).
+    #
+    # If second argument is true, use rerun criterion suitable to e.g.,
+    # initial tests in rdb_make, rerun test in
+    # make_preview_continuous. Otherwise use rerun criterion suitable for
+    # with rdb_make's looping through rules.  
+    # In the first case, the file state recorded in each rule corresponds
+    # to the files **after** the of the previous invocation of rdb_make. In
+    # the second case it corresponds to the state immediately **before**
+    # the latest run of the rule.
 
+    my $PHchanges = shift;
+    my $outside_make_loop = shift;
+    
+    my $remake_needed = 0;
+
+    %$PHchanges = ();
+    
+    # ???!!!  Need fancier tests:  SEE NOTES.
+
+    rdb_recurse( [@_],
+                sub {
+                    my %changes_rule = ();
+                    if( rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes_rule, $outside_make_loop)) {
+                        $remake_needed = 1;
+                        foreach my $kind (keys %changes_rule ) {
+                            push @{$$PHchanges{$kind}}, @{$changes_rule{$kind}};
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+        );
+
+    return $remake_needed;
+} #END rdb_remake_needed
+
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_flag_changes_here {
-    # Flag changes in current rule.  
-    # Assumes rule context.
-    # Usage: rdb_flag_changes_here( ignore_run_time )
-    # Argument: if true then fdb_get shouldn't do runtime test
-    #             for recalculation of md5
-    local $ignore_run_time = $_[0];
-    if ( ! defined $ignore_run_time ) { $ignore_run_time = 0; }
+sub rdb_user_changes {
+    # Usage: rdb_user_changes( \%change_record, rules ...)
+    # Return value: whether any user files changed.
+    # Report changes in hash pointed to by first argument.
+    # Side effect: out-of-date rules flagged in $$Pout_of_date.
+    #
+    # ???!!!
+    # Ideally, need specialized versions of rdb_rerun_needed and
+    # rdb_file_change1 (or special option to those), to restrict attention
+    # to user_changed files.  But for now, fudge our way around that.
 
+    my $PHchanges = shift;
+    my $user_changes = 0;
+    %$PHchanges = ( 'changed_user' => [],
+                    'rules_to_apply' => []
+                  );
+
+    rdb_recurse(
+        [@_],
+        sub {
+            my %changes_rule = ( 'changed_user' => [] );
+            if ( rdb_rerun_needed(\%changes_rule, 0 )
+                 && @{$changes_rule{changed_user}}
+            ) {
+                push @{$$PHchanges{changed_user}},
+                     @{$changes_rule{changed_user}};
+                push @{$$PHchanges{rules_to_apply}}, $rule;
+                $user_changes = 1;
+                $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = $user_changes;
+             }
+        }
+     );
+
+    return $user_changes;
+}
+
+#************************************************************
+
+sub rdb_rerun_needed {
+    # Usage: rdb_rerun_needed( \%change_record, outside-make-loop )
+    # Rule context assumed.
+    # Determines whether a rerun of the rule is needed.
+    # Return value is whether a rerun is needed.
+    # 
+    # Report diagnostics (reasons for remake) in the hash referenced by the
+    # first argument (the hash maps kinds of reason to refs to arrays).
+    #
+    # If second argument is true, use rerun criterion suitable to e.g.,
+    # initial tests in rdb_make, rerun test in
+    # make_preview_continuous. Otherwise use rerun criterion suitable for
+    # with rdb_make's looping through rules. 
+    #
+    # ???!!!!
+    # Check all uses!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+    our ($rule, %pass);
+
+    local our $PHchanges = shift;
+    local our $outside_make_loop = shift;
+
+    # File level routine reports its results in %$PHchanges: maps kind of
+    # change to ref to array of files with that kind of change.  
+    %$PHchanges = ();
+    foreach ('changed', 'changed_source_rules', 'changed_user',
+             'disappeared_gen_other', 'disappeared_gen_this',
+             'disappeared_user', 'no_dest', 'other', 'rules_to_apply' )
+        { $$PHchanges{$_} = []; }
+
+    my $rerun_needed = $$Pout_of_date;
+    if ($rerun_needed) {
+        push @{$$PHchanges{other}},
+            "Rerun of '$rule' forced or previously required";
+        goto rdb_rerun_needed_CLEAN_UP;
+    }
+
+    my $user_deleted_is_changed =
+        ( ($user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed == 1)
+          && (! $preview_continuous_mode)
+        )
+        || ($user_deleted_file_treated_as_changed == 2);
+    
     $$Pcheck_time = time();
 
     local $dest_mtime = 0;
     $dest_mtime = get_mtime($$Pdest) if ($$Pdest);
+
     rdb_do_files( \&rdb_file_change1);
-    while ( my ($s_rule, $l_pass) = each %$PHsource_rules ) {
-        # %$PHsource_rules is about rules on which the current rule
-        #   depends, but for which this dependence is not determined by
-        #   the source rules of the set of known source files.
-        # Use pass-count criterion to determine out-of-dateness for these.
-        # 
-        if ( defined $pass{$s_rule}
-             && ($pass{$s_rule} > $l_pass)
-            )
-        {
-            $changed_rules{$s_rule} = $rule;
-            $$Pout_of_date = 1;
+    if (! $outside_make_loop) {
+        while ( my ($s_rule, $l_pass) = each %$PHsource_rules ) {
+            # %$PHsource_rules is about rules on which the current rule
+            #   depends, but for which this dependence is not determined by
+            #   the source rules of the set of known source files.
+            # Use pass-count criterion to determine out-of-dateness for these.
+            #
+            if ( defined $pass{$s_rule}
+                 && ($pass{$s_rule} > $l_pass)
+                )
+            {
+                push @{$$PHchanges{changed_source_rules}}, $s_rule;
+                $rerun_needed = 1;
+            }
         }
     }
-    if ($$Pout_of_date) {
-        push @rules_to_apply, $rule;
+
+        # ???!!!: Comments about disappeared files.
+        #    Relevant situations I know of:
+        #      a. \input (or c.) of a file, and file deleted. No other version.
+        #      b. Like a., but file of the correct name exists in
+        #         source-file-search path; the earlier source file version may for
+        #         example have been an override for a standard file.
+        #      c. There's a chain of input-if-file-exists cases, where the first
+        #         file found in a list of files is used.  Then deleting the file
+        #         found on the previous run merely results in the next run using
+        #         the next file in the list (if there is one, else the situation
+        #         is as at a..
+        #      d. File was deleted, either by user or automatically by something,
+        #         and the file can be regenerated.  (Note: If an aux or bbl file
+        #         (etc) persistently causes errors, then after correcting, e.g., a
+        #         relevant .tex file, then a clean rerun can be triggered by
+        #         deleting the offending file.)
+        # Need tests: Has the file a from rule? If so it can be made, and
+        #               current rule shouldn't be rerun now.
+        #               **But** it's different if the rule that makes in
+        #             Is the file the main source file?  If so problems will
+        #               normally happen when trying to run rule.
+        #             Can the file be found by kpsewhich?  If so, is it the
+        #               main source of the rule?
+        # Need to mention missing files at end of run.
+
+    foreach my $kind (keys %$PHchanges) {
+        if (($kind eq 'disappeared_user') && !$user_deleted_is_changed)
+        { #???!!! Delete entry, as it is no longer a reason for rerun.
+            $$PHchanges{$kind} = [];
+        }
+        elsif ($kind eq 'disappeared_gen_other') {
+            # It's the generating rule of the file that needs to be run,
+            # not this rule, to remake the missing file. So we should not
+            # set the current rule to be rerun. A rerun of the current rule
+            # will be triggered once the file-generating rule has generates
+            # the file, unless, of course, the generated file is identical
+            # to the version that got deleted.
+            # ????!!! should the disappeared_gen_other item in the hash be
+            # emptied out?
+        }
+        elsif ( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) {
+            $rerun_needed = 1;
+        }
     }
-} #END rdb_flag_changes_here
 
+    # Non-source-file-change reasons for rerun:
+    if ( ( ($$Prun_time == 0) || ( $$Plast_result == -1 ) )
+         && ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'primary' ) )
+    {
+        # Never run.  Only use this test with primary, so we can get
+        # dependency information, which is essential to latexmk's
+        # functioning.  Other rules: there appears to be danger
+        # of, e.g., rerunning many cusdeps when their destinations have
+        # already been made and we used time criterion for deciding whether
+        # to run the rule. 
+        push @{$$PHchanges{never_run}}, $rule;
+        $rerun_needed = $rule;
+    }
+    if ( $$Pdest && (! -e $$Pdest) && ( $$Plast_result <= 0 ) ) {
+        # No dest.  But not if last run gave error, for then we should not
+        # rerun rule until there's a change in source file(s), which
+        # presumably contain the cause of the error.
+        # But there are other reasons for not rerunning:
+            if ( $$Psource && (! -e $$Psource)
+                 && ( $$Pcmd_type ne 'primary' )
+               ) {
+                # Main source file doesn't exist, and rule is NOT primary.
+                # No action, since a run is pointless.  Primary is different:
+                # file might be found elsewhere (by kpsearch from *latex),
+                # while non-existence of main source file is a clear error.
+            }
+            elsif ( $$Pcmd_type eq 'delegated' ) {
+                # Delegate to destination rule
+            }
+            else {
+                $rerun_needed = 1;
+                push @{$$PHchanges{no_dest}}, $rule;
+            }
+    }
+
+  rdb_rerun_needed_CLEAN_UP:
+    foreach my $file ( @{$$PHchanges{changed}} ) {
+        if ( ! $from_rules{$file} ) {
+            push @{$$PHchanges{changed_user}}, $file; 
+        }
+    }
+    $$Pno_history = 0;    # See comments in definition of %rule_db.
+    if ($rerun_needed) {
+        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
+        push @{$$PHchanges{rules_to_apply}}, $rule;
+        if (@{$$PHchanges{changed_user}}) {$$Pout_of_date_user = 1;}
+    }
+    return $rerun_needed;
+} #END rdb_rerun_needed
+
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_file_change1 {
@@ -8483,109 +9235,135 @@
     # Call: &rdb_file_change1
     # Assumes rule and file context.  Assumes $dest_mtime set.
     # Flag whether $file in $rule has changed or disappeared.
-    # Set rule's make flag if there's a change.
+    our ($rule, $file, $PHchanges);
 
-    my $check_time_argument = 0;
-    if (! $ignore_run_time ) {
-        $check_time_argument = max( $$Pcheck_time, $$Prun_time );
+    my $check_time_argument =
+        ($outside_make_loop ? 0 : max($$Pcheck_time, $$Prun_time) );
+
+    
+    # For files that won't be read until after they are written, ignore any changes:
+    if (exists $$PHrewritten_before_read{$file}) {
+        return;
     }
     my ($new_time, $new_size, $new_md5) = fdb_get($file, $check_time_argument );
     my $ext_no_period = ext_no_period( $file );
-    my $generated = exists $from_rules{$file};
-    if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize >= 0) ) {
-        # print "Disappeared '$file' in '$rule'\n";
-        push @disappeared, $file;
-        # No reaction is good.  
-        #$$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        # ??? 1 Sep. 2008: I do NOT think so, for cusdep no-file-exists issue
-        # ??? 30 Sep 2008: I think I have this fixed.  There were other changes
-        #  needed.  No-change-flagged is correct.  The array @disappeared flags 
-        #  files that have disappeared, if I need to know.  But having a source
-        #  file disappear is not a reason for a remake unless I know how to 
-        #  make the file.  If the file is a destination of a rule, that rule
-        #  will be rerun.  It may be that the user is changing another source 
-        #  in such a way that the disappeared file won't be needed.  Before the
-        #  change is applied we get a superfluous infinite loop.
-        return;
+
+    my $generated = 0;
+    if (exists $from_rules{$file}) {
+        if ($from_rules{$file} eq $rule) { $generated = 1; }
+        else { $generated = 2; }
     }
+
     if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize < 0) ) {
         return;
     }
-    # Primarily use md5 signature to determine whether file contents have
-    #   changed.
+    
+    if ( ($new_size < 0) && ($$Psize >= 0) ) {
+        if ($generated == 2) {
+            # Non-existent file generated by another rule.  It's up to that
+            # rule to remake it.
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_gen_other}}, $file;
+        }
+        elsif ($generated == 1) {
+            # Non-existent file generated by this rule.
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_gen_this}}, $file;
+        }
+        # ???!!! Keep this, or only for primary, or not?
+#        elsif ( my @kpse = kpsewhich( $file ) ) {
+#            print "After '$file' disappeared for '$rule', kpsewhich found it at\n:",
+#                  "  '$kpse[0]'.\n";
+#            push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
+#        }
+        else {
+            push @{$$PHchanges{disappeared_user}}, $file;
+        }
+    }
+    # For other kinds of file change, primarily use md5 signature to
+    # determine whether file contents have changed.
     # Backup by file size change, but only in the case where there is
-    #   no pattern of lines to ignore in testing for a change
-    if ( ($new_md5 ne $$Pmd5) 
-         || (
-              (! exists $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{$ext_no_period})
-              && ($new_size != $$Psize)   
+    # no pattern of lines to ignore in testing for a change
+    elsif ( ($new_md5 ne $$Pmd5) 
+            || (
+                  (! exists $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{$ext_no_period})
+                  && ($new_size != $$Psize)   
             )
        ) {
-        push @changed, $file;
-        $$Pout_of_date = 1;
-        if ( ! $generated ) {
-            push @changed_user, $file;
-            $$Pout_of_date_user = 1;
-        }
+        push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
     }
     elsif ( $new_time != $$Ptime ) {
         $$Ptime = $new_time;
     }
-    if ( ( ($$Ptest_kind == 2) || ($$Ptest_kind == 3) )
-         && (! $generated)
-         && ( $new_time > $dest_mtime )
-        ) {
-            push @changed, $file;
-            $$Pout_of_date = $$Pout_of_date_user = 1;
+    # If there's no history, supplement by file-time criterion, i.e., is
+    # this source file time later than destination file file
+    if ( $$Pno_history && ( $new_time > $dest_mtime ) ) {
+        push @{$$PHchanges{changed}}, $file;
     }
+
 } #END rdb_file_change1
 
 #************************************************************
 
-sub rdb_user_changes {
-    # Argument(s): a set of top level rules.
-    # Aim: Find any changed user files for those rules and all ancestors.
-    # Assumption: List of source_rules for files is up-to-date.
-    &rdb_clear_change_record;
-    rdb_recurse( [@_], sub{ &rdb_flag_changes_here(1); } );
-    if ($#changed_user >=0) { show_array( 'User changed files', @changed_user ); }
-    return ($#changed_user >= 0);
-} #END rdb_user_changes
+#sub rdb_diagnose_changes {
+#    # ???!!! delete after using ideas in rdb_diagnose_changes2
+#    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes or rdb_diagnose_changes( heading, show_out_of_date_rules )
+#    # Precede the message by the optional heading, else by "$My_name: " 
+#    my ($heading, $show_out_of_date_rules) = @_;
+#    our ( @changed, %changed_rules, @disappeared, @no_dest, @rules_to_apply,
+#          @rules_never_run );
+#    
+#    if ($#rules_never_run >= 0) {
+#        show_array( "${heading}Rules & subrules not known to be previously run:", @rules_never_run );
+#    }
+#    if ( ($#changed >= 0) || (keys %changed_rules > 0) || ($#disappeared >= 0) || ($#no_dest >= 0) ) {
+#        print "${heading}File changes, etc:\n";
+#        if ( $#changed >= 0 ) {
+#            # ???!!! Modify to allow for case of 
+#            show_array( " Changed files, or newly in use/created since previous run(s):", uniqs(@changed) );
+#        }
+#        if ( $#disappeared >= 0 ) {
+#            show_array( " No-longer-existing files:", uniqs(@disappeared) );
+#        }
+#        if ( $#no_dest >= 0 ) {
+#            show_array( " Non-existent destination for:", uniqs(@no_dest) );
+#        }
+#        if ( keys %changed_rules > 0 ) {
+#            print "  Rule(s) that have been run and require run of dependent rule:\n";
+#            while (my ($s_rule, $d_rule) = each %changed_rules) {
+#                print "      '$s_rule' which requires run of '$d_rule'\n";
+#            }
+#        }
+#    }
+#    if ($show_out_of_date_rules) {
+#        show_array( "${heading}Overall, the following rules became out-of-date:",
+#                    uniqs(@rules_to_apply));
+#    }
+#}  #END rdb_diagnose_changes
 
-#************************************************************
+#----------------------------
 
-sub rdb_diagnose_changes {
-    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes or rdb_diagnose_changes( heading )
-    # List changes on STDERR
-    # Precede the message by the optional heading, else by "$My_name: " 
-    my $heading = defined($_[0]) ?   $_[0]  :  "$My_name: "; 
+sub rdb_diagnose_changes2 {
+    # ???!!! Examine rdb_diagnose_changes for ideas in old version to use here.
+    # Call: rdb_diagnose_changes2( \%changes, heading, show_out_of_date_rules )
 
-    if ($#rules_never_run >= 0) {
-        show_array( "${heading}Rules & subrules not known to be previously run:", @rules_never_run );
-    }
-    if ( ($#changed >= 0) || (keys %changed_rules > 0) || ($#disappeared >= 0) || ($#no_dest >= 0) ) {
-        print "${heading}File changes, etc:\n";
-        if ( $#changed >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   Changed files, or newly in use since previous run(s):", uniqs(@changed) );
+    my ($PHchanges, $heading, $show_out_of_date_rules) = @_;
+
+    my %labels = (
+        'changed' => 'Changed files or newly in use/created',
+        );
+
+    print "$heading Reasons for rerun\n";
+    foreach my $kind (sort keys %$PHchanges) {
+        if ( (! $show_out_of_date_rules) && ($kind eq 'rules_to_apply' ) )
+            { next; }
+        my $label = $labels{$kind}  || "Category '$kind'";
+        if ( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) {
+            show_array( "$label:",
+                        uniqs( @{$$PHchanges{$kind}} ) );
         }
-        if ( $#disappeared >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   No-longer-existing files:", uniqs(@disappeared) );
-        }
-        if ( $#no_dest >= 0 ) {
-            show_array( "   Non-existent destination files:", uniqs(@no_dest) );
-        }
-        if ( keys %changed_rules > 0 ) {
-            print "   Rule(s) that have been run and require run of dependent rule:\n";
-            while (my ($s_rule, $d_rule) = each %changed_rules) {
-                print "      '$s_rule' which requires run of '$d_rule'\n";
-            }
-        }
     }
-    show_array( "${heading}The following rules & subrules became out-of-date:",
-                @rules_to_apply);
-}     #END rdb_diagnose_changes
+    print "\n";
+}  #END rdb_diagnose_changes2
 
-
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
@@ -8829,8 +9607,8 @@
     local ( $rule, $rule_act1, $file_act, $rule_act2 ) = @_;
     if ( (! $rule) || ! rdb_rule_exists($rule) ) { return; }
 
-    local ( $PArule_data, $PHsource, $PHdest, $PHsource_rules ) = @{$rule_db{$rule}};
-    local ($Pcmd_type, $Pext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $Ptest_kind, 
+    local ( $PArule_data, $PHsource, $PHdest, $PHrewritten_before_read, $PHsource_rules ) = @{$rule_db{$rule}};
+    local ($Pcmd_type, $Pext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $Pno_history, 
            $Psource, $Pdest, $Pbase,
            $Pout_of_date, $Pout_of_date_user, $Prun_time, $Pcheck_time,
            $Pchanged,
@@ -8928,7 +9706,8 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_create_rule {
-    # rdb_create_rule( rule, command_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, test_kind,
+    # ???!!! OUT OF DATE.  PLACE HOLDER for what was test_kind
+    # rdb_create_rule( rule, command_type, ext_cmd, int_cmd, DUMMY,
     #                  source, dest, base, 
     #                  needs_making, run_time, check_time, set_file_not_exists,
     #                  ref_to_array_of_specs_of_extra_generated_files )
@@ -8939,9 +9718,15 @@
     # Omitted arguments: replaced by 0 or '' as needed.
     # Rule is made active
 # ==== Sets rule data ====
-    my ( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $test_kind, 
+    my ( $rule, $cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $DUMMY, 
          $source, $dest, $base, 
-         $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $set_file_not_exists, $extra_gen ) = @_;
+         $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $set_file_not_exists,
+         $extra_gen ) = @_;
+    foreach ( $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $DUMMY ) {
+        if (! defined $_) { $_ = 0; }
+    }
+    my $last_result = -1;
+    my $no_history = ($run_time <= 0);
     my $active = 1;
     my $changed = 0;
 
@@ -8959,13 +9744,6 @@
             "    '$base'\n",
             "  I cannot handle this.  Cause is probably a latexmk bug.  Please report it.\n";
     }
-    foreach ( $needs_making, $run_time, $check_time, $test_kind ) {
-        if (! defined $_) { $_ = 0; }
-    }
-    if (!defined $test_kind) {
-        # Default to test on file change
-        $test_kind = 1; 
-    }
     if ( ref( $PAint_cmd ) eq '' ) {
         #  It is a single command.  Convert to array reference:
         $PAint_cmd = [ $PAint_cmd ];
@@ -8979,12 +9757,13 @@
         @$PA_extra_gen = @$extra_gen;
     }
     $rule_db{$rule} = 
-        [  [$cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $test_kind, 
+        [  [$cmd_type, $ext_cmd, $PAint_cmd, $no_history, 
             $source, $dest, $base,
             $needs_making, 0, $run_time, $check_time, $changed,
-            -1, '', $PA_extra_gen ],
+            $last_result, '', $PA_extra_gen ],
            {},
            {},
+           {},
            {}
         ];
     if ($source) {
@@ -8999,10 +9778,12 @@
 
 sub rdb_initialize_generated {
 # Assume rule context.
-# Initialize hash of generated files
+# Initialize hashes of generated files, and of files rewritten before read
     %$PHdest = ();
     if ($$Pdest) { rdb_add_generated($$Pdest); }
     rdb_add_generated(@$PA_extra_gen);
+
+    %$PHrewritten_before_read = ();
 } #END rdb_initialize_generated
 
 #************************************************************
@@ -9018,6 +9799,14 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub rdb_add_rewritten_before_read {
+# Assume rule context.
+# Add arguments to hash of files rewritten before being read
+    foreach (@_) { $$PHrewritten_before_read{$_} = 1; }
+} #END rdb_add_rewritten_before_read
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub rdb_remove_generated {
 # Assume rule context.
 # Remove arguments from hash of generated files
@@ -9026,6 +9815,14 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub rdb_remove_rewritten_before_read {
+# Assume rule context.
+# Remove arguments from hash of files rewritten before being read
+    foreach (@_) { delete $$PHrewritten_before_read{$_}; }
+} #END rdb_add_rewritten_before_read
+
+#************************************************************
+
 sub rdb_ensure_file {
     # rdb_ensure_file( rule, file[, fromrule[, set_not_exists]] )
     # Ensures the source file item exists in the given rule.
@@ -9140,15 +9937,10 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub rdb_update_gen_files {
-    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state.
+    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state,
+    # but only for source files that are generated by this or another rule.
     rdb_do_files( 
-        sub{
-            if ( exists $generated_exts{ ext_no_period($file) }
-                 || exists $$PHdest{$file}
-                ) {
-                &rdb_update1;
-            }
-        }
+        sub{  if ( exists $from_rules{$file} ) { &rdb_update1; }  }
     );
 } #END rdb_update_gen_files
 
@@ -9156,7 +9948,7 @@
 
 sub rdb_update_files {
     # Call: rdb_update_files
-    # Assumes rule context.  Update source files of rule to current state.
+    # Assumes rule context.  Update all source files of rule to current state.
     rdb_do_files( \&rdb_update1 );
 }
 
@@ -9201,7 +9993,15 @@
     #   primary run) doesn't exist.
     # It is assumed that the resulting file will be read by the
     #   primary run.
+    # N.B. 
+    # The subroutine is not used by latexmk itself.  It is here to support
+    # a need in TeXShop's pdflatexmk engine as the subroutine for a cusdep
+    # to work with the epspdf package.
 
+    print "I am delegating making of '$$Pdest' to *latex (e.g., by epspdf).\n",
+          "  So I'll delete '$$Pdest' to flag it needs to be remade,\n",
+          "  and flagging the rules using it to be rerun\n"
+        if (!$silent);
     # Remove the destination file, to indicate it needs to be remade:
     unlink_or_move( $$Pdest );
     # Arrange that the non-existent destination file is not treated as
@@ -9225,7 +10025,7 @@
     #   primary run.
 
     local $cus_dep_target = $$Pdest;
-    # Loop over all rules and source files:
+    # Loop over all active rules and source files:
     rdb_for_actives( 0, 
                  sub { if ($file eq $cus_dep_target) {
                             $$Pout_of_date = 1;
@@ -9266,7 +10066,7 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub show_hash {
-    my ($msg, $PH ) = @_;
+    my ($msg, $PH) = @_;
     print "$msg\n";
     if (! %$PH ) {
         print "     NONE\n";
@@ -9325,6 +10125,37 @@
 
 #************************************************************
 
+sub analyze_string {
+    # Show information about string: utf8 flag or not, length(s!), byte content
+    my ($m,$s) = @_;
+
+    print "=== $m ";
+    my $length = length($s);
+    if (utf8::is_utf8($s)) {
+        my $encoded = encode( $CS_system, $s, Encode::FB_WARN | Encode::LEAVE_SRC );
+        my $len_chars = 0;
+        my $len_bytes = 0;
+        { no bytes; $len_chars = length($s); }
+        { use bytes; $len_bytes = length($s); }
+        print "'$encoded':\n",
+            "utf8, len = $length; chars = $len_chars; bytes = $len_bytes\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        print "'$s':\n",
+              "NOT utf8, len = $length\n";
+    }
+
+    print join ' ', to_hex($s), "\n";
+}
+
+#----------------------------
+
+sub to_hex {
+    return map { sprintf('%4X', $_) }  unpack( 'U*', shift );
+}
+
+#==================
+
 sub glob_list1 {
     # Glob a collection of filenames.  
     # But no sorting or elimination of duplicates
@@ -9451,9 +10282,10 @@
 sub get_time_size {
     # Return time and size of file named in argument
     # If file does not exist, return (0,-1);
-    # Argument _ to stat: use values from previous call, to save disk access..
-    return (   ( ( stat($_[0]) )[9] || 0 ),
-               ( ( stat(_) )[7] || -1 )   );
+    # Argument _ to stat: use values from previous call, to save disk access.
+    my @result = stat($_[0]);
+    if (@result) { return ($result[9], $result[7]); }
+    else { return (0,-1); }
 }
 
 #************************************************************
@@ -9471,7 +10303,6 @@
     my $md5 = Digest::MD5->new;
     my $ignore_pattern = undef;
 
-#print "======= GETTING MD5: $source\n";
     if ( -d $source ) {
         # We won't use checksum for directory
         return 0;
@@ -9513,89 +10344,58 @@
 #************************************************************
 #************************************************************
 
-sub find_file1 {
-    # Usage: find_file1(name, ref_to_array_search_path)
-    # Modified find_file, which doesn't die.
-    # Given filename and path, return array of:
-    #             full name 
-    #             retcode
-    # On success: full_name = full name with path, retcode = 0
-    # On failure: full_name = given name, retcode = 1
+sub find_files {
+    # Usage: find_files( \%files, format, default_ext, \@files, \@not_found )
+    # ???!!! This may be too elaborate.  The hash is there to have all the
+    # necessary information, but I don't actually use it.
+    # The files hash, referred to by the 1st argument, has as its keys
+    #   specified file names, as specified for example in \bibliography.
+    #   The values are to be the names of the corresponding actual files,
+    #   as found by kpsewhich, or '' if kpsewhich doesn't find a file.
+    # The format is used in a -format=... option to kpsewhich, e.g., 'bib'
+    #   for bib files, 'bst' for bst files.
+    # The 3rd argument contains the default extension to use for not-found files. 
+    # The array @files, referred to by the 4th argument, contains the
+    #   sorted names of the found files, and then the specifications of the
+    #   not-found files.
+    #   But
+    # The array @not_found, referred to by the 5th argument, contains the
+    #   sorted names of the specified names for the not-found files.
+    # The value of each item in the hash is set to the found filename
+    #   corresponding to the key, if a file is found; otherwise it is set to
+    #   the empty string.
+    # Return number of files not found.
+    #
+    # ???!!! Ideally use only 1 call to kpsewhich. But KISS for now.  The
+    # main use of this subroutine is for bib, bst files (and maybe index
+    # files), which are few in number.  Only likely conceivable case for
+    # having many files is with a big document, for which *latex running
+    # time is large, so almost certainly that dwarfs run time for several
+    # runs of kpsewhich. 
 
-    my $name = $_[0];
-    # Make local copy of path, since we may rewrite it!
-    my @path = ();
-    if ($_[1]) {
-        @path = @{$_[1]};
-    }
-    if ( $name =~ /^\// ) {
-        # Absolute path (if under UNIX)
-        # This needs fixing, in general
-        if (-e $name) { return( $name, 0 );}
-        else { return( $name, 1 );}
-    }
-    foreach my $dir ( @path ) {
-        # Make $dir concatenatable, and empty for current dir:
-        if ( $dir eq '.' ) { 
-            $dir = ''; 
+    my ($PHfiles, $format, $ext, $PAfiles, $PAnot_found) = @_;
+    @$PAfiles = @$PAnot_found = ();
+    foreach my $name (keys %$PHfiles) {
+        if (my @lines = kpsewhich( "-format=$format", $name ) ) {
+            $$PHfiles{$name} = $lines[0];
+            push @$PAfiles, $lines[0];
         }
-        elsif ( $dir =~ /[\/\\:]$/ ) { 
-            #OK if dir ends in / or \ or :
+        else {
+            $$PHfiles{$name} = '';
+            push @$PAnot_found, $name;
         }
-        elsif ( $dir ne '' ) { 
-            #Append directory separator only to non-empty dir
-            $dir = "$dir/"; 
-        }
-        if (-e "$dir$name") {
-            return("$dir$name", 0);
-        }
     }
-    my @kpse_result = kpsewhich( $name );
-    if ($#kpse_result > -1) {
-        return( $kpse_result[0], 0);
+    @$PAnot_found = sort @$PAnot_found;
+    @$PAfiles = sort @$PAfiles;
+    foreach (@$PAnot_found) {
+        if ( ! /\..*$/ ) { $_ .= ".$ext"; }
+        push @$PAfiles, $_;
     }
-    return("$name" , 1);
-} #END find_file1
+    
+    return 1 + $#{$PAnot_found};
+} #END find_files
 
 #************************************************************
-
-sub find_file_list1 {
-    # Modified version of find_file_list that doesn't die.
-    # Given output and input arrays of filenames, a file suffix, and a path, 
-    # fill the output array with full filenames
-    # Return array of not-found files.
-    # Usage: find_file_list1( ref_to_output_file_array,
-    #                         ref_to_input_file_array,
-    #                         suffix,
-    #                         ref_to_array_search_path
-    #                       )
-    # SPECIAL TREATMENT TO .bib extension, because of behavior of bibtex
-    # OTHER SPECIAL TREATMENT IF EXTENSION IS GIVEN.
-
-  my $ref_output = $_[0];
-  my $ref_input  = $_[1];
-  my $suffix     = $_[2];
-  my $ref_search = $_[3];
-  my @not_found = ();
-
-  my @return_list = ();    # Generate list in local array, since input 
-                           # and output arrays may be same
-  my $retcode = 0;
-  foreach my $file1 (@$ref_input) {
-    my $file = $file1;
-    if ($suffix eq '.bib') { $file =~ s/\.bib$//; }
-    my ($tmp_file, $find_retcode) = &find_file1( "$file$suffix", $ref_search );
-    if ($tmp_file)  {
-        push @return_list, $tmp_file;
-    }
-    if ( $find_retcode != 0 ) {
-        push @not_found, $file.$suffix;
-    }
-  }
-  @$ref_output = @return_list;
-  return @not_found;
-} #END find_file_list1
-
 #************************************************************
 
 sub unlink_or_move {
@@ -9662,13 +10462,20 @@
 #************************************************************
 
 sub kpsewhich {
-# Usage: kpsewhich( filespec, ...)
-# Returns array of files with paths as found by kpsewhich
-#    kpsewhich( 'try.sty', 'jcc.bib' );
-# With standard use of kpsewhich (i.e., without -all option), the array
-# has either 0 or 1 element.
-# Can also do, e.g.,
-#    kpsewhich( '-format=bib', 'trial.bib', 'file with spaces');
+    # Usage: kpsewhich( [options, ] filespec, ...)
+    # The arguments are the command line arguments to kpsewhich, and the
+    # return value is the array of filenames that are returned by
+    # kpsewhich.
+    # N.B. kpsewhich returns one line per found file; this routine removes
+    # trailing line ends (\r\n or \n) before putting the line in the
+    # returned array.
+    # The arguments can just be names: e.g.,
+    #    kpsewhich( 'try.sty', 'jcc.bib' );
+    # or can include options, e.g., 
+    #    kpsewhich( '-format=bib', 'trial.bib', 'file with spaces');
+    # With standard use of kpsewhich (i.e., without -all option), the array
+    # has either 0 or 1 element for each filespec argument.
+
     my $cmd = $kpsewhich;
     my @args = @_;
     if ( ($cmd eq '') || ( $cmd =~ /^NONE($| )/ ) ) {
@@ -9682,7 +10489,7 @@
         }
     }
     $cmd =~ s/%[RBTDO]//g;
-    $cmd =~ s/%S/@args/g;
+    $cmd =~ s/%S/@_/g;
     my @found = ();
     local $fh;
     if ( $kpsewhich_show || $diagnostics ) {
@@ -9865,6 +10672,7 @@
 sub find_dirs1 {
    # Same as find_dirs, but argument is single string with directories
    # separated by $search_path_separator
+   # ???!!! WRONG DEFAULT?
    find_dirs( &split_search_path( $search_path_separator, ".", $_[0] ) );
 }
 
@@ -10017,7 +10825,7 @@
 # Usage: &split_search_path( separator, default, string )
 # Splits string by separator and returns array of the elements
 # Allow empty last component.
-# Replace empty terms by the default.
+    # Replace empty terms by the default. ???!!! WRONG DEFAULT?
     my $separator = $_[0]; 
     my $default = $_[1]; 
     my $search_path = $_[2]; 



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