[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r1153 - trunk
Karl Berry
INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Sat Jun 24 03:22:38 CEST 2023
Author: karl
Date: 2023-06-24 01:22:38 +0000 (Sat, 24 Jun 2023)
New Revision: 1153
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
guillemet not guillemot; tweak spacefactor explanations
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2023-05-28 22:16:39 UTC (rev 1152)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2023-06-24 01:22:38 UTC (rev 1153)
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+2023-06-23 Karl Berry <karl at freefriends.org>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (\DeclareTextSymbol, Text symbols): guillemet not
+ guillemot.
+
+ (\spacefactor, \@@, \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing, \(SPACE)):
+ try to clarify that many punctuation characters are involved.
+
2023-05-28 Karl Berry <karl at freefriends.org>
* latex2e.texi (\slash): new node for this simple command.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2023-05-28 22:16:39 UTC (rev 1152)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2023-06-24 01:22:38 UTC (rev 1153)
@@ -1943,14 +1943,14 @@
mathematics.
For example, this line from @file{t1enc.def} declares the number of the
-glyph to use for @BES{00AB,\hbox{\guillemotleft}}, the left guillemet.
+glyph to use for @BES{00AB,\hbox{\guillemetleft}}, the left guillemet.
@example
-\DeclareTextSymbol@{\guillemotleft@}@{T1@}@{19@}
+\DeclareTextSymbol@{\guillemetleft@}@{T1@}@{19@}
@end example
@noindent
-The command @code{\DeclareTextCommand@{\guillemotleft@}@{T1@}@{\char
+The command @code{\DeclareTextCommand@{\guillemetleft@}@{T1@}@{\char
19@}} has the same effect but is slower (@pxref{\DeclareTextCommand &
\ProvideTextCommand}).
@@ -11176,7 +11176,7 @@
@end example
@noindent
-This example uses those commands to show a black bar 100 at tie{}points
+This next example uses those commands to show a black bar 100 at tie{}points
long between @samp{XXX} and @samp{YYY}. This length is rigid.
@example
@@ -15563,13 +15563,14 @@
@end example
@findex \spacefactor
-Influence @LaTeX{}'s glue stretch and shrink behavior. Most user-level
-documents do not use this command.
+ at cindex space factor
+Influence @LaTeX{}'s stretching and shrinking of glue. Few user-level
+documents need to use this.
While @LaTeX{} is laying out the material, it may stretch or shrink the
gaps between words. (This space is not a character; it is called the
- at dfn{interword glue}; @pxref{\hspace}). The @code{\spacefactor} command
-(from Plain at tie{}@TeX{}) allows you to, for instance, have the space
+ at dfn{interword glue}; @pxref{\hspace}). The @code{\spacefactor} parameter
+(a @TeX{} primitive) allows you to, for instance, have the space
after a period stretch more than the space after a word-ending letter.
After @LaTeX{} places each character, or rule or other box, it sets a
@@ -15579,7 +15580,7 @@
that the glue can stretch more and shrink less. Normally, the space
factor is 1000. This value is in effect following most characters, and
any non-character box or math formula. But it is 3000 after a period,
-exclamation mark, or question mark, it is 2000 after a colon, 1500 after
+exclamation mark, or question mark, 2000 after a colon, 1500 after
a semicolon, 1250 after a comma, and 0 after a right parenthesis or
bracket, or closing double quote or single quote. Finally, it is 999
after a capital letter.
@@ -15586,39 +15587,40 @@
If the space factor at tie{}@var{f} is 1000 then the glue gap will be the
font's normal space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10 point this is
-3.3333 at tie{}points). Otherwise, if the space factor @var{f} is greater
+3.3333 at dmn{pt}). Otherwise, if the space factor @var{f} is greater
than 2000 then @TeX{} adds the font's extra space value (for Computer
-Modern Roman 10 point this is 1.11111 at tie{}points), and then the font's
+Modern Roman 10 point this is 1.11111 at dmn{pt}), and then the font's
normal stretch value is multiplied by @math{f /1000} and the normal
shrink value is multiplied by @math{1000/f} (for Computer Modern Roman
-10 point these are 1.66666 and 1.11111 at tie{}points).
+10 point these are 1.66666 and 1.11111 at dmn{pt}).
-For example, consider the period ending @code{A man's best friend is his
-dog.} After it, @TeX{} puts in a fixed extra space, and also allows the
-glue to stretch 3 times as much and shrink 1/3 as much, as the glue
-after @code{friend}, which does not end in a period.
+For example, consider the period ending @samp{A man's best friend is
+his dog.}. After it, @TeX{} puts in a fixed extra space, and also
+allows the glue to stretch 3 times as much and shrink 1/3 as much, as
+the glue after @code{friend} or any of the other words, since they are
+not followed by punctuation.
The rules for space factors are even more complex because they play
-additional roles. In practice, there are two consequences. First, if a
-period or other punctuation is followed by a right parenthesis or
-bracket, or right single or double quote then the spacing effect of that
-period carries through those characters (that is, the following glue
-will have increased stretch and shrink). Second, if
-punctuation comes after a capital letter then its effect is not in place
-so you get an ordinary space. This second case also affects abbreviations
-that do not end in a capital letter (@pxref{\@@}).
+additional roles. In practice, there are two consequences. First, if
+a period or other punctuation is followed by a right parenthesis or
+bracket, or right single or double quote then the spacing effect of
+that period carries through those characters (that is, the following
+glue will have increased stretch and shrink). Second, if punctuation
+comes after a capital letter then the normal effect of the period is
+does not happen, so you get an ordinary space. This second case also
+affects abbreviations that do not end in a capital letter
+(@pxref{\@@}).
You can only use @code{\spacefactor} in paragraph mode or LR mode
(@pxref{Modes}). You can see the current value with
@code{\the\spacefactor} or @code{\showthe\spacefactor}.
-(Comment, not really related to @code{\spacefactor}: if you get errors
-like @samp{You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode}, or @samp{You
-can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.}, or @samp{Improper \spacefactor}
-then you have probably tried to redefine an internal command.
- at xref{\makeatletter & \makeatother}.)
+Finally, not especially related to @code{\spacefactor} itself: if you
+get errors like @samp{You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode},
+or @samp{You can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.}, or
+ at samp{Improper \spacefactor} then you have probably tried to redefine
+an internal command. @xref{\makeatletter & \makeatother}.
-
@menu
* \@@:: Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
* \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing:: Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
@@ -15634,6 +15636,9 @@
@cindex period, sentence-ending
@cindex period, abbreviation-ending
@cindex period, spacing after
+ at cindex sentence-ending punctuation
+ at cindex non-sentence-ending punctuation
+ at cindex punctuation, sentence-ending
@anchor{\AT}@c old name
Synopsis:
@@ -15642,13 +15647,11 @@
@var{capital-letter}\@@.
@end example
-Treat a period as sentence-ending, where @LaTeX{} would otherwise think
-it is part of an abbreviation. @LaTeX{} thinks that a period ends an
-abbreviation if the period comes after a capital letter, and otherwise
-thinks the period ends the sentence. By default, in justifying a line
- at LaTeX{} adjusts the space after a sentence-ending period (or a question
-mark, exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than it adjusts the space
-between words (@pxref{\spacefactor}).
+Treat a period (or other punctuation) as sentence-ending, where
+ at LaTeX{} would otherwise think it is part of an abbreviation.
+ at LaTeX{} thinks that a period ends an abbreviation if the period comes
+after a capital letter, and otherwise thinks the period ends the
+sentence.
This example shows the two cases to remember.
@@ -15657,12 +15660,15 @@
@end example
@noindent
-The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceded by a
-capital. We tell @LaTeX{} that it ends the sentence by putting
- at code{\@@} before it. The first period ends the abbreviation
- at samp{etc.} but not the sentence. The backslash-space, @code{\ },
-produces a mid-sentence space.
+The first period ends the abbreviation @samp{etc.} but not the
+sentence. The backslash-space, @code{\ }, produces a mid-sentence
+space. The second period ends the sentence, despite it being preceded
+by a capital letter. We tell @LaTeX{} that it ends the sentence by
+putting @code{\@@} before it.
+ at cindex right parentheses/quotes, and spacing
+ at cindex parentheses and ends of sentences
+ at cindex quotes and ends of sentences
So: if you have a capital letter followed by a period that ends the
sentence, then put @code{\@@} before the period. This holds even if
there is an intervening right parenthesis or bracket, or right single or
@@ -15677,17 +15683,24 @@
@noindent
will have correct inter-sentence spacing after the period.
-The @code{\@@} command is only for a text mode. If you use it outside of
-a text mode then you get @samp{You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical
-mode} (@pxref{Modes}).
+The @code{\@@} command is only for text modes. If you use it outside
+of a text mode then you get the error @samp{You can't use
+`\spacefactor' in vertical mode} (@pxref{Modes}).
-Comment: the converse case is a period ending an abbreviation whose last
-letter is not a capital letter, and that abbreviation is not the last
-word in the sentence. For that case follow the period with a
+ at cindex question marks, ending a sentence
+ at cindex exclamation points, ending a sentence
+All the above applies equally to question marks and exclamation points
+as periods, since all are sentence-ending punctuation, and @LaTeX{}
+increases the space after each in the same way, when they end a
+sentence. @LaTeX{} also increases spacing after colon, semicolon, and
+comma characters (@pxref{\spacefactor}).
+
+In addition: the converse case is a period (or other punctuation) that
+does not end a sentence. For that case, follow the period with a
backslash-space, (@code{\ }), or a tie, (@code{~}), or @code{\@@}.
Examples are @code{Nat.\ Acad.\ Science}, and @code{Mr.~Bean}, and
@code{(manure, etc.\@@) for sale} (note in the last one that the
- at code{\@@} comes before the closing parenthesis).
+ at code{\@@} comes after the period but before the closing parenthesis).
@node \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing
@@ -15706,20 +15719,23 @@
\nonfrenchspacing
@end example
-The first declaration causes @LaTeX{} to handle spacing between
-sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
-sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
-spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
-(@pxref{\spacefactor}).
+ at code{\frenchspacing} causes @LaTeX{} to make spacing after all
+punctuation, including periods, be the same as the space between words
+in the middle of a sentence. @code{\nonfrenchspacing} switches back
+to the default handling in which spacing after most punctuation stretches
+or shrinks differently than a word space (@pxref{\spacefactor}).
-Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
-space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
-exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than the space between words
-that are in the middle of a sentence. Declaring @code{\frenchspacing}
-(the command is from plain @TeX{}) switches to the tradition that all
-spaces are treated equally.
+In American English, the typesetting tradition is to adjust, typically
+increasing, the space after punctuation more than the space between
+words that are in the middle of a sentence. Declaring
+ at code{\frenchspacing} (the command is inherited from plain @TeX{})
+switches to the tradition that all spaces are treated equally.
+If your @LaTeX{} document specifies the language being used, for
+example with the @package{babel} package, the necessary settings
+should be taken care of for you.
+
@node \normalsfcodes
@subsection @code{\normalsfcodes}
@@ -15755,8 +15771,9 @@
Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333 at dmn{pt} plus 1.66666 at dmn{pt} minus 1.11111 at dmn{pt}.
-When you type one or more blanks between words, @LaTeX{} produces white
-space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
+When you type one or more blanks between words, @LaTeX{} produces
+whitespace that is different than an explicit space. This
+illustrates:
@example
\begin@{tabular@}@{rl@}
@@ -15792,9 +15809,9 @@
are equivalent to backslash-space, @code{\ }.
@anchor{Leading blanks}
-Please also note that in order to allow source code indentation, under
-normal circumstances, @TeX{} ignores leading blanks in a line. So the
-following prints @samp{one word}:
+In order to allow source code indentation, under normal circumstances,
+ at TeX{} ignores leading blanks in a line. So the following prints
+ at samp{one word}:
@example
one
@@ -16519,7 +16536,7 @@
In the third version the optional argument @var{width} specifies the
width of the box. Note that the space occupied by the text need not
equal the width of the box. For one thing, @var{text} can be too small;
-this creates a full-line box
+this creates a full-line box:
@example
\makebox[\linewidth]@{Chapter Exam@}
@@ -18520,7 +18537,9 @@
@cindex logo, @LaTeX{}2e
The @LaTeX{}2e logo.
- at item \guillemotleft @r{(@guillemotleft{})}
+ at item \guillemetleft @r{(@guillemetleft{})}
+ at itemx \guillemetright @r{(@guillemetright{})}
+ at itemx \guillemotleft @r{(@guillemotleft{})}
@itemx \guillemotright @r{(@guillemotright{})}
@itemx \guilsinglleft @r{(@guilsinglleft{})}
@itemx \guilsinglright @r{(@guilsinglright{})}
@@ -18532,8 +18551,12 @@
@cindex single angle quotation marks
@cindex French quotation marks
@cindex quotation marks, French
- at guillemotleft{}, @guillemotright{}, @guilsinglleft{}, @guilsinglright{}
+ at cindex guillemots, birds
+ at guillemetleft{}, @guillemetright{}, @guilsinglleft{}, @guilsinglright{}
Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French.
+The commands @code{@@guillemotleft} and @code{@@guillemotright} are
+synonyms for @code{@@guillemet...}; these are misspellings inherited
+from Adobe. (Guillemots are seabirds; guillemets are French quotes.)
@item \ldots
@itemx \textellipsis
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