[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r987 - trunk
Jim Hefferon
INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Fri Aug 13 19:12:43 CEST 2021
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2021-08-13 17:12:43 +0000 (Fri, 13 Aug 2021)
New Revision: 987
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.dbk
trunk/latex2e.dvi
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
trunk/latex2e.txt
trunk/latex2e.xml
Log:
in command line input, replace graphics example with \includeonly example
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2021-08-13 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+ * latex2e.texi (Command line input): Replace the graphics draft
+ option example with \includeonly{} example.
+
2021-08-12 Vincent Bela\"iche <vincentb1 at users.sourceforge.net>
* latex2e-fr.texi (\@@dottedtocline, \numberline): New nodes,
@@ -166,9 +170,6 @@
(\(SPACE)): Indicate leading blanks are ignored.
2021-08-09 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
- * latex2e.texi (Indexes): Expand section header text.
-
-2021-08-09 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (Font sizes): Add paragraph on using font size
commands in formulas.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.dbk
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.dbk 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.dbk 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -1366,6 +1366,9 @@
<para>Specify the font encodings. A font encoding is a mapping of the
character codes to the font glyphs that are used to typeset your output.
</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>fontspec</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>fontspec</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<para>This package only applies if you use the <literal>pdflatex</literal> engine
(see <link linkend="TeX-engines">&tex; engines</link>). If you use the <command>xelatex</command> or
<command>lualatex</command> engine then instead use the <filename>fontspec</filename> package.
@@ -1375,7 +1378,7 @@
<literal>\accent</literal> (see <link linkend="_005caccent">\accent</link>) but this disables hyphenation. &tex;
users have agreed on a number of standards to access the larger sets of
characters provided by modern fonts. If you are using
-<command>pdflatex</command> then this in the preamble
+<command>pdflatex</command> then put this in the preamble
</para>
<screen>\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
</screen>
@@ -2093,6 +2096,18 @@
style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
in curly braces <literal>{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}</literal>.
</para>
+<para>Trying to use these commands in math, as with <literal>$\small mv^2/2$</literal>,
+results in ‘<literal>LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode</literal>’, and the font size doesn’t
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the <literal>displaymath</literal> environment (see <link linkend="Math-formulas">Math formulas</link>), or
+one of the environments from the <filename>amsmath</filename> package. For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like <literal>{\small $mv^2/2$}</literal>. (Sometimes <literal>\scriptsize</literal> and
+<literal>\scriptstyle</literal> are confused. Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. See <link linkend="Math-styles">Math styles</link>.)
+</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>environment form of font size commands</primary></indexterm>
<para>An <firstterm>environment form</firstterm> of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, <literal>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</literal>. However, in practice
@@ -8191,11 +8206,12 @@
occurred while \output is active</literal>’. See <link linkend="_005cnewpage">\newpage</link>, for a command that
does not have these effects.
</para>
-<para>(There is an obsolete command <literal>\samepage</literal>, which tries to restrict
-the automatic page breaking mechanism so that a break will only happen
-between two paragraphs. There is a related environment <literal>samepage</literal>,
-also obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For more on keeping
-material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\samepage</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>samepage environment</primary></indexterm>
+<para>(There is an obsolete declaration <literal>\samepage</literal>, which tries to only
+allow a break between two paragraphs. There is a related environment
+<literal>samepage</literal>, also obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For
+more on keeping material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
<ulink url="https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk">https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk</ulink>.)
</para>
@@ -8569,8 +8585,8 @@
</para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>cmd</replaceable>
</term><listitem>
-<para>Required; the command name. It must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>,
-and must not begin with the four letter string <literal>\end</literal>. For
+<para>Required; <literal>\<replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> is the command name. It must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>,
+and must not begin with the four character string <literal>\end</literal>. For
<literal>\newcommand</literal>, it must not be already defined. For
<literal>\renewcommand</literal>, this name must already be defined.
</para>
@@ -8609,10 +8625,11 @@
argument and you don’t exercise the option).
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
-<para>&tex; ignores spaces in the source following an alphabetic control
-sequence, as in ‘<literal>\cmd </literal>’. If you actually want a space there, one
-solution is to type <literal>{}</literal> after the command (‘<literal>\cmd{} </literal>’, and
-another solution is to use an explicit control space (‘<literal>\cmd\ </literal>’).
+<para>&tex; ignores blanks in the source following a control word
+(see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control sequences</link>), as in ‘<literal>\cmd </literal>’. If you actually want a
+space there, one solution is to type <literal>{}</literal> after the command
+(‘<literal>\cmd{} </literal>’, and another solution is to use an explicit control
+space (‘<literal>\cmd\ </literal>’).
</para>
<para>A simple example of defining a new command:
<literal>\newcommand{\RS}{Robin Smith}</literal> results in <literal>\RS</literal> being
@@ -8625,14 +8642,14 @@
to redefine a command and the name has not yet been used then you get
something like ‘<literal>LaTeX Error: \hank undefined</literal>’.
</para>
-<para>Here the first command definition has no arguments, and the second has
-one required argument.
+<para>Here the first definition creates a command with no arguments, and the
+second, one with one required argument.
</para>
<screen>\newcommand{\student}{Ms~O'Leary}
\newcommand{\defref}[1]{Definition~\ref{#1}}
</screen>
<para>Use the first as in <literal>I highly recommend \student{} to you</literal>. The
-second has a variable, so that <literal>\defref{def:basis}</literal> expands to
+second has a variable argument, so that <literal>\defref{def:basis}</literal> expands to
<literal>Definition~\ref{def:basis}</literal>, which ultimately expands to
something like ‘<literal>Definition~3.14</literal>’.
</para>
@@ -8671,6 +8688,38 @@
<literal>\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}</literal>.
</para>
+<sect2 label="12.1.1" id="Control-sequences">
+<title>Control sequence, control word and control symbol.</title>
+
+<para>When reading input &tex; converts the sequences of read characters into
+a sequence of <firstterm>tokens</firstterm>. When &tex; sees a backslash <literal>\</literal>, it
+will handle the following characters in a special way in order to make a
+<firstterm>control sequence</firstterm> token.
+</para>
+<para>The control sequences fall into two catagories:
+</para>
+<itemizedlist><listitem><para><firstterm>control word</firstterm>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
+<literal>\</literal> followed by at least one ASCII letter, followed by at least one
+blank. The sequence of at least one ASCII letter is called the
+<firstterm>control sequence name</firstterm>.
+</para></listitem><listitem><para><firstterm>control symbol</firstterm>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
+<literal>\</literal> followed by one non-letter character.
+</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
+<para>Blanks after a control word are ignored and do not produce any
+whitespace in the ouput (see <link linkend="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</link> and
+<link linkend="_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</link>).
+</para>
+<para>Just as the <literal>\relax</literal> command does nothing, the following will print
+‘<literal>Hello!</literal>’:
+</para>
+<screen>Hel\relax <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->
+ <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w --> <!-- /@w -->lo!
+</screen>
+<para>This is because blanks after <literal>\relax</literal>, including the newline are
+ignored, and blanks at the beginning of a line are also ignored
+(see <link linkend="Leading-blanks">Leading blanks</link>).
+</para>
+</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 label="12.2" id="_005cprovidecommand">
<title><literal>\providecommand</literal></title>
@@ -8912,21 +8961,23 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\newlength{<replaceable>arg</replaceable>}
+<screen>\newlength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}
</screen>
<para>Allocate a new length register (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). The required argument
-<replaceable>arg</replaceable> must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>. The new register holds
-rubber lengths such as <literal>72.27pt</literal> or <literal>1in plus.2in minus.1in</literal>
-(a &latex; length register is what plain &tex; calls a <literal>skip</literal>
-register). The initial value is zero. The control sequence
-<literal>\<replaceable>arg</replaceable></literal> must not be already defined.
+<literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal> has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control
+sequences</link>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under
+normal circumstances. The new register holds rubber lengths such as
+<literal>72.27pt</literal> or <literal>1in plus.2in minus.1in</literal> (a &latex; length
+register is what plain &tex; calls a <literal>skip</literal> register). The
+initial value is zero. The control sequence <literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal> must not
+be already defined.
</para>
<para>An example:
</para>
<screen>\newlength{\graphichgt}
</screen>
<para>If you forget the backslash then you get ‘<literal>Missing control sequence
-inserted</literal>’. If the command sequence already exists then you get
+inserted</literal>’. If the control sequence already exists then you get
something like ‘<literal>LaTeX Error: Command \graphichgt already defined.
Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual</literal>’.
</para>
@@ -9496,6 +9547,23 @@
<para>Below is a list of the counters used in &latex;’s standard document
classes to control numbering.
</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>part counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>chapter counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>section counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>subsection counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>subsubsection counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>paragraph counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>subparagraph counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>page counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>equation counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>figure counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>table counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>footnote counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>mpfootnote counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumi counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumii counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumiii counter</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumiv counter</primary></indexterm>
<screen>part paragraph figure enumi
chapter subparagraph table enumii
section page footnote enumiii
@@ -9741,9 +9809,9 @@
<para>&latex; defines the counter <literal>\day</literal> for the day of the month
(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <literal>\month</literal> for the month of
-the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and year <literal>\year</literal>.
-When &tex; starts up, they are set from the current values on the
-system. The related command <literal>\today</literal> produces a string
+the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and <literal>\year</literal> for
+the year. When &tex; starts up, they are set from the current values
+on the system. The related command <literal>\today</literal> produces a string
representing the current day (see <link linkend="_005ctoday">\today</link>).
</para>
<para>They counters are not updated as the job progresses so in principle they
@@ -9755,7 +9823,9 @@
<para>gives no error or warning and results in the output ‘<literal>-2, -4</literal>’ (the
bogus month value produces no output).
</para>
-
+<para>See <link linkend="Command-line-input">Command line input</link>, to force the date to a given valye from the
+command line.
+</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter label="14" id="Lengths">
@@ -9959,13 +10029,14 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\setlength{<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}
+<screen>\setlength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Set the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> to <replaceable>amount</replaceable>. The length name <replaceable>len</replaceable>
-must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>. The <literal>amount</literal> can be a
-rubber length (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). It can be positive, negative or zero,
-and can be in any units that &latex; understands (see <link linkend="Units-of-length">Units of
-length</link>).
+<para>Set the length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> to <replaceable>amount</replaceable>. The length name
+<literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal> has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control
+sequences</link>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under
+normal circumstances. The <replaceable>amount</replaceable> can be a rubber length
+(see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that &latex; understands (see <link linkend="Units-of-length">Units of length</link>).
</para>
<para>Below, with &latex;’s defaults the first paragraph will be indented
while the second will not.
@@ -9975,8 +10046,8 @@
\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
He said stop going to those places.
</screen>
-<para>If you did not declare <replaceable>len</replaceable> with <literal>\newlength</literal>, for example if
-you mistype the above as
+<para>If you did not declare \<replaceable>len</replaceable> with <literal>\newlength</literal>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
<literal>\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}</literal>,
then you get an error like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
\sepcindent</literal>’. If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name
@@ -9993,13 +10064,14 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\addtolength{<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}
+<screen>\addtolength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Increment the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> by <replaceable>amount</replaceable>. The length name
-<replaceable>len</replaceable> begins with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>. The <literal>amount</literal> is a
-rubber length (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). It can be positive, negative or zero,
-and can be in any units that &latex; understands (see <link linkend="Units-of-length">Units of
-length</link>).
+<para>Increment the length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> by <replaceable>amount</replaceable>. The length name
+<literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal> has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control
+sequences</link>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under
+normal circumstances. The <replaceable>amount</replaceable> is a rubber length
+(see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that &latex; understands (see <link linkend="Units-of-length">Units of length</link>).
</para>
<para>Below, if <literal>\parskip</literal> starts with the value <literal>0pt plus 1pt</literal>
</para>
@@ -10010,15 +10082,18 @@
</screen>
<para>then it has the value <literal>1pt plus 1pt</literal> for the second paragraph.
</para>
-<para>If you did not declare the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> with <literal>\newlength</literal>, if
-for example you mistype the above as
+<para>If you did not declare \<replaceable>len</replaceable> with <literal>\newlength</literal>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
+<literal>\newlength{\specparindent}\addtolength{\sepcparindent}{...}</literal>,
+then you get an error like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
+\sepcindent</literal>’. If the <replaceable>amount</replaceable> uses some length that has not been
+declared, for instance if for example you mistype the above as
<literal>\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}</literal>, then you get
something like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent</literal>’.
-If you leave off the backslash at the start of <replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
+If you leave off the backslash at the start of \<replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
<literal>\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}</literal>, then you get something like
‘<literal>You can't use `the letter p' after \advance</literal>’.
</para>
-
</sect1>
<sect1 label="14.4" id="_005csettodepth">
<title><literal>\settodepth</literal></title>
@@ -10027,22 +10102,23 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\settodepth{<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
+<screen>\settodepth{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Set the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> to the depth of box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument. The length name <replaceable>len</replaceable> must
-begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>.
+<para>Set the length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> to the depth of box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument. The length name <literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal>
+has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control sequences</link>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This will show how low the character descenders go.
+<para>This will print how low the character descenders go.
</para>
<screen>\newlength{\alphabetdepth}
\settodepth{\alphabetdepth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetdepth
</screen>
-<para>If you did not set aside the length <replaceable>len</replaceable>, if for example you
+<para>If you did not declare \<replaceable>len</replaceable> with <literal>\newlength</literal>, if for example you
mistype the above as <literal>\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}</literal>,
then you get something like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
-\aplhabetdepth</literal>’. If you leave the backslash out of <replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
+\aplhabetdepth</literal>’. If you leave the backslash out of \<replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
<literal>\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}</literal> then you get something like
‘<literal>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</literal>’.
</para>
@@ -10055,23 +10131,24 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\settoheight{<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{text}
+<screen>\settoheight{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{text}
</screen>
-<para>Sets the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> to the height of box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <literal>text</literal> argument. The length name <replaceable>len</replaceable> must
-begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>.
+<para>Sets the length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> to the height of box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <literal>text</literal> argument. The length name <literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal>
+has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control sequences</link>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This will show how high the characters go.
+<para>This will print how high the characters go.
</para>
<screen>\newlength{\alphabetheight}
\settoheight{\alphabetheight}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetheight
</screen>
-<para>If no such length <replaceable>len</replaceable> has been declared with <literal>\newlength</literal>, if
+<para>If no such length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> has been declared with <literal>\newlength</literal>, if
for example you mistype as
<literal>\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}</literal>, then you get something
like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetheight</literal>’. If
-you leave the backslash out of <replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
+you leave the backslash out of \<replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
<literal>\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}</literal> then you get something like
‘<literal>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</literal>’.
</para>
@@ -10084,22 +10161,24 @@
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\settowidth{<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
+<screen>\settowidth{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Set the length <replaceable>len</replaceable> to the width of the box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument. The length name <replaceable>len</replaceable> must
-begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal>.
+<para>Set the length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> to the width of the box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument. The length name <literal>\<replaceable>len</replaceable></literal>
+has to be a control sequence (see <link linkend="Control-sequences">Control sequences</link>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <literal>\</literal> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This measures the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
+<para>This prints the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
</para>
<screen>\newlength{\alphabetwidth}
\settowidth{\alphabetwidth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetwidth
</screen>
-<para>If no such length <replaceable>len</replaceable> has been set aside, if for example you
-mistype the above as <literal>\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</literal>,
-then you get something like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
-\aplhabetwidth</literal>’. If you leave the backslash out of <replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
+<para>If no such length \<replaceable>len</replaceable> has been declared with <literal>\newlength</literal>,
+if for example you mistype the above as
+<literal>\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</literal>, then you get something
+like ‘<literal>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \aplhabetwidth</literal>’. If
+you leave the backslash out of \<replaceable>len</replaceable>, as in
<literal>\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}</literal> then you get something like
‘<literal>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</literal>’.
</para>
@@ -10260,8 +10339,8 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraphs</primary></indexterm>
<para>To start a paragraph, just type some text. To end the current
-paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, separated by
-two empty lines.
+paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, the
+separatation of which is made by two empty lines.
</para>
<screen>It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
@@ -10274,15 +10353,33 @@
``My dear Mr. Bennet,'' said his lady to him one day,
``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
</screen>
-<para>The separator lines must be empty, including not containing a comment
-character, <literal>%</literal>.
+<para>The paragraph separator can be made of any sequence of at least one
+blank line, amongst which at least one is not terminated by a comment. A
+blank line is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such
+as space or tab. Comments in source code are started with a <literal>%</literal> and
+span up to the end of line. In the following example the two columns are
+identical:
</para>
+<screen>\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+\begin{document}
+First paragraph.
+
+Second paragraph.
+\newpage
+First paragraph.
+
+ % separator lines may contain blank characters.
+
+Second paragraph.
+\end{document}
+</screen>
+
<para>Once &latex; has gathered all of a paragraph’s contents it divides that
content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
(see <link linkend="Line-breaking">Line breaking</link>).
</para>
<para>There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don’t put a
-blank line in math mode (see <link linkend="Modes">Modes</link>); here the line before the
+blank line in math mode (see <link linkend="Modes">Modes</link>); here the blank line before the
<literal>\end{equation}</literal>
</para>
<screen>\begin{equation}
@@ -10291,7 +10388,7 @@
\end{equation}
</screen>
<para>will get you the error ‘<literal>Missing $ inserted</literal>’. Similarly, the blank
-line in this <literal>section</literal> argument
+line in this <literal>\section</literal> argument
</para>
<screen>\section{aaa
@@ -10309,8 +10406,8 @@
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\par</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph, ending</primary></indexterm>
-<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts two
-consecutive newlines to a <literal>\par</literal>):
+<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts any sequence
+of one or more blank lines to a <literal>\par</literal>, <link linkend="Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</link>):
</para>
<screen>\par
</screen>
@@ -10324,18 +10421,18 @@
<screen>\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{%
\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
</screen>
-<para>In LR mode or a vertical mode the <literal>\par</literal> command does nothing but
-it terminates paragraph mode, switching &latex; to vertical mode
-(see <link linkend="Modes">Modes</link>).
+<para>In LR mode the <literal>\par</literal> command does nothing and is ignored. In
+pragraph mode, the <literal>\par</literal> command terminates paragraph mode,
+switching &latex; to vertical mode (see <link linkend="Modes">Modes</link>).
</para>
<para>You cannot use the <literal>\par</literal> command in a math mode. You also cannot
-use it in the argument of many commands, such as the <literal>\section</literal>
-command (see <link linkend="Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</link> and <link linkend="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &
-\renewcommand</link>).
+use it in the argument of many commands, such as the sectionning
+commands, e.g. <literal>\section</literal> (see <link linkend="Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</link> and
+<link linkend="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</link>).
</para>
<para>The <literal>\par</literal> command is not the same as the <literal>\paragraph</literal>
command. The latter is, like <literal>\section</literal> or <literal>\subsection</literal>, a
-sectioning unit used by the standard &latex; documents
+sectioning command used by the &latex; document standard classes
(see <link linkend="_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</link>).
</para>
<para>The <literal>\par</literal> command is not the same as <literal>\newline</literal> or the line
@@ -10600,32 +10697,6 @@
\end{displaymath}</literal>. These environments can only be used in paragraph
mode (see <link linkend="Modes">Modes</link>).
</para>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\displaystyle</primary></indexterm>
-<para>The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
-One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
-math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together.
-</para>
-<para>Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode. For this, the <literal>\displaystyle</literal> declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
-<literal>displaymath</literal>. Thus <literal>\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty
-x_n\)</literal> will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it. Another example is that
-</para>
-<screen>\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
- \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
- Arithmetic &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
- &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}\) \\
- Geometric &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1} \)
- &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}\) \\
-\end{tabular}
-</screen>
-<para>because it has no <literal>\displaystyle</literal>, the ‘<literal>Arithmetic</literal>’ line’s
-fraction will be scrunched. But, because of its <literal>\displaystyle</literal>,
-the ‘<literal>Geometric</literal>’ line’s fraction will be easy to read, with
-characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
-</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>amsmath</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>amsmath</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12447,30 +12518,35 @@
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>\;</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thickspace</primary></indexterm>
-<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"/><para>Synonym: <literal>\thickspace</literal>. Normally <literal>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</literal>.
-With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"/><indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>amsmath</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>amsmath</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>Synonym: <literal>\thickspace</literal>. Normally <literal>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</literal>. With
+the <filename>amsmath</filename> package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release,
+can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+only.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\negthickspace</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\negthickspace</primary></indexterm>
-<para>Normally <literal>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</literal>.
-With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<para>Normally <literal>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</literal>. With the <filename>amsmath</filename>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\:</literal>
</term><term><literal>\></literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\:</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\medspace</primary></indexterm>
-<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"/><para>Synonym: <literal>\medspace</literal>. Normally <literal>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</literal>.
-With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"/><para>Synonym: <literal>\medspace</literal>. Normally <literal>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
+4.0mu</literal>. With the <filename>amsmath</filename> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+&latex; release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before
+that, in math mode only.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\negmedspace</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\negmedspace</primary></indexterm>
-<para>Normally <literal>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</literal>.
-With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<para>Normally <literal>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</literal>. With the <filename>amsmath</filename>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\,</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\,</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12493,11 +12569,12 @@
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\!</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\negthinspace</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>thin space, negative</primary></indexterm>
-<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"/><para>A negative thin space. Normally <literal>-3mu</literal>.
-With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that,
-The <literal>\!</literal> command is math mode only but the <literal>\negthinspace</literal>
-command has always worked in text mode (see <link linkend="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</link>).
+<anchor id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"/><para>Synonym: <literal>\negthinspace</literal>. A negative thin space. Normally
+<literal>-3mu</literal>. With the <filename>amsmath</filename> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+&latex; release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode;
+otherwise, the <literal>\!</literal> command is math mode only but the
+<literal>\negthinspace</literal> command has always also worked in text mode
+(see <link linkend="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</link>).
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\quad</literal>
</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quad</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12608,10 +12685,12 @@
<para>The <literal>\phantom</literal> command creates a box with the same height, depth,
and width as <replaceable>subformula</replaceable>, but empty. That is, this command causes
&latex; to typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here
-&latex; will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+&latex; will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
</para>
-<screen>\fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain}}
+<screen>\begin{displaymath}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+\end{displaymath}
</screen>
<para>The <literal>\vphantom</literal> variant produces an invisible box with the same
vertical size as <replaceable>subformula</replaceable>, the same height and depth, but having
@@ -12691,7 +12770,88 @@
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.7" id="Math-miscellany">
+<sect1 label="16.7" id="Math-styles">
+<title>Math styles</title>
+
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math styles</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>&tex;’s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input <literal>\sum_{0\leq
+i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}</literal> will give
+output with the summation index centered below the summation symbol.
+But if that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right
+rather than below, so it won’t push the lines apart. Similarly, in a
+displayed context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be
+larger than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+</para>
+<para>&tex; uses four math styles.
+</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>display style</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such as
+with <literal>\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}</literal>.
+</para>
+</listitem><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>text style</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Text style is for an inline formula, as with ‘<literal>so we have $ ... $</literal>’.
+</para>
+</listitem><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>script style</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or superscript.
+</para>
+</listitem><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>scriptscript style</primary></indexterm>
+<para>Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or more)
+of subscripting or superscripting.
+</para>
+</listitem></itemizedlist>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\displaystyle</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textstyle</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\scriptstyle</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\scriptscriptstyle</primary></indexterm>
+<para>&tex; determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of <literal>\displaystyle</literal>, or <literal>\textstyle</literal>, or
+<literal>\scriptstyle</literal>, or <literal>\scriptscriptstyle</literal>.
+</para>
+<para>In this example, the ‘<literal>Arithmetic</literal>’ line’s fraction will look
+scrunched.
+</para>
+<screen>\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
+ \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
+ Arithmetic &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+ &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}$ \\
+ Geometric &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1}$
+ &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+</screen>
+<para>But because of the <literal>\displaystyle</literal> declaration,
+the ‘<literal>Geometric</literal>’ line’s fraction will be easy to read, with
+characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
+</para>
+<para>Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+</para>
+<screen>we get
+$\pi=2\cdot{\displaystyle\int_{x=0}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2}\,dx}$
+</screen>
+<para>will have an integral sign that is much taller. Note that here the
+<literal>\displaystyle</literal> applies to only part of the formula, and it is
+delimited by being inside curly braces, as ‘<literal>{\displaystyle ...}</literal>’.
+</para>
+<para>The last example is a continued fraction.
+</para>
+<screen>\begin{equation}
+a_0+\frac{1}{
+ \displaystyle a_1+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_2+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_3}}}
+\end{equation}
+</screen>
+<para>Without the <literal>\displaystyle</literal> declarations, the denominators would be
+set in script style and scriptscript style. (The <literal>\mathstrut</literal>
+improves the height of the denominators; see <link linkend="_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</link>.)
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+<sect1 label="16.8" id="Math-miscellany">
<title>Math miscellany</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math miscellany</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12701,7 +12861,7 @@
</para>
-<sect2 label="16.7.1" id="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">
+<sect2 label="16.8.1" id="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">
<title>Colon character <literal>:</literal> & <literal>\colon</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>colon character</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12733,7 +12893,7 @@
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="16.7.2" id="_005c_002a">
+<sect2 label="16.8.2" id="_005c_002a">
<title><literal>\*</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>multiplication, discretionary</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12758,7 +12918,7 @@
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="16.7.3" id="_005cfrac">
+<sect2 label="16.8.3" id="_005cfrac">
<title><literal>\frac</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>fraction</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12775,7 +12935,7 @@
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="16.7.4" id="_005csqrt">
+<sect2 label="16.8.4" id="_005csqrt">
<title><literal>\sqrt</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>square root</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12799,7 +12959,7 @@
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="16.7.5" id="_005cstackrel">
+<sect2 label="16.8.5" id="_005cstackrel">
<title><literal>\stackrel</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>stack math</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12829,9 +12989,11 @@
the math modes), and error messages will refer to these.
</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem><anchor id="modes-paragraph-mode"/><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph mode</primary></indexterm>
-<para><firstterm>Paragraph mode</firstterm> is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary
-text. It breaks the input text into lines and breaks the lines into
-pages. This is the mode &latex; is in most of the time.
+<para><firstterm>Paragraph mode</firstterm> (in plain &tex; this is called <firstterm>horizontal
+mode</firstterm>) is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary text. It breaks
+the input text into lines and finds the positions of line breaks, so that
+in vertical mode page breaks can be done. This is the mode &latex; is
+in most of the time.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-to-right mode</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>LR mode</primary></indexterm>
@@ -12856,13 +13018,15 @@
differs in the two situations.)
</para>
</listitem><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical mode</primary></indexterm>
-<anchor id="modes-vertical-mode"/><para><firstterm>Vertical mode</firstterm> is when &latex; is building the list of lines and
-other material making the output page. This is the mode &latex; is in
-when it starts a document.
+<anchor id="modes-vertical-mode"/><para><firstterm>Vertical mode</firstterm> is when &latex; is
+building the list of lines and other material making the output page,
+which comprises insertion of page breaks. This is the mode &latex; is
+in when it starts a document.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>internal vertical mode</primary></indexterm>
<anchor id="modes-internal-vertical-mode"/><para><firstterm>Internal vertical mode</firstterm> is in effect when &latex; starts making a
-<literal>\vbox</literal>. This is the vertical analogue of LR mode.
+<literal>\vbox</literal>. It has not such thing as page breaks, and as such is the
+vertical analogue of LR mode.
</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>For instance, if you begin a &latex; article with ‘<literal>Let \( x \) be
@@ -13220,11 +13384,9 @@
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>spaces</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>white space</primary></indexterm>
-<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of
-these are best suited to mathematical text; see <link linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in
-math mode</link>. Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text
-and mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
-chapter.
+<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white space, or filled space. Some of
+these are best suited to mathematical text; for these
+see <link linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</link>.
</para>
@@ -13271,20 +13433,21 @@
<screen>\hspace{<replaceable>length</replaceable>}
\hspace*{<replaceable>length</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Insert the horizontal space <replaceable>length</replaceable>. The <replaceable>length</replaceable> can be
-positive, negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing.
-It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a <literal>plus</literal> or
-<literal>minus</literal> component, or both (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>). Because the space is
-stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called <firstterm>glue</firstterm>.
+<para>Insert the amount <replaceable>length</replaceable> of horizontal space. The <replaceable>length</replaceable> can
+be positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is
+like backspacing. It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a
+<literal>plus</literal> or <literal>minus</literal> component, or both (see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>).
+Because the space is stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called
+<firstterm>glue</firstterm>.
</para>
<para>This makes a line with ‘<literal>Name:</literal>’ an inch from the right margin.
</para>
<screen>\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
</screen>
-<para>The <literal>*</literal>-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable.
-More precisely, when &tex; breaks a paragraph into lines any white
+<para>The <literal>*</literal>-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
+precisely, when &tex; breaks a paragraph into lines any white
space—glues and kerns—that come at a line break are discarded. The
-<literal>*</literal>-version avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
+<literal>*</literal>-form avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
invisible item in front of the space).
</para>
<para>In this example
@@ -13505,8 +13668,9 @@
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="19.5.2" id="_005cfrenchspacing">
-<title><literal>\frenchspacing</literal></title>
+<anchor id="_005cfrenchspacing"/><!-- old node name -->
+<sect2 label="19.5.2" id="_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">
+<title><literal>\frenchspacing</literal> & <literal>\nonfrenchspacing</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\frenchspacing</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nonfrenchspacing</primary></indexterm>
@@ -13517,10 +13681,11 @@
<screen>\frenchspacing
\nonfrenchspacing
</screen>
-<para>The first declaration causes &latex; to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(see <link linkend="_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</link>); this is the default.
+<para>The first declaration causes &latex; to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
+(see <link linkend="_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</link>).
</para>
<para>Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -13541,7 +13706,7 @@
</para>
<screen>\normalsfcodes
</screen>
-<para>Reset the &latex; space factor values to the default
+<para>Reset the &latex; space factors to the default values
(see <link linkend="_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</link>).
</para>
@@ -13550,16 +13715,18 @@
<sect1 label="19.6" id="_005c_0028SPACE_0029">
<title>Backslash-space, <literal>\ </literal></title>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\NEWLINE</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\SPACE</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\ (backslash-space)</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\TAB</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\SPACE</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>NEWLINE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>SPACE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\<keycap>TAB</keycap></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\<keycap>SPACE</keycap></primary></indexterm>
<para>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.
+Synopsis:
</para>
-<screen>\
+<screen>\ <!-- /@w -->
</screen>
<para>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -13567,33 +13734,46 @@
<para>When you type one or more blanks between words, &latex; produces white
space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
</para>
-<screen>\begin{tabular}{l}
-One blank: makes some space \\
-Three blanks: in a row \\
-Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+<screen>\begin{tabular}{rl}
+One blank:& makes some space \\
+Three blanks:& in a row \\
+Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
\end{tabular}
</screen>
<para>On the first line &latex; puts some space after the colon. On the
second line &latex; collapses the three blanks to output one
whitespace, so you end with the same space after the colon as in the
-first line. &latex; would similarly collapse a blank followed by a
-tab, or a blank and a newline and a blank. However, the bottom line
-asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That is, the
-backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal space.
-(Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all with
-<literal>\hspace</literal>; see <link linkend="_005chspace">\hspace</link>.)
+first line. &latex; would similarly collapse them to a single
+whitespace if one, two or all of the three blanks were replaced by a
+tab, or by a newline. However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
+the white area is wider. That is, the backslash-space command creates a
+fixed amount of horizontal space. (Note that you can define a
+horizontal space of any width at all with <literal>\hspace</literal>;
+see <link linkend="_005chspace">\hspace</link>.)
</para>
<para>The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used after
-control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that follows, as
-in <literal>\TeX\ is nice</literal>. (But using curly parentheses, as in
-<literal>\TeX{} is best</literal>, has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <literal>So
-says Prof.\ Smith</literal> or <literal>Jones et al.\ (1993)</literal> (see <link linkend="_005c_0040">\@</link>).
+control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that follows, as
+after <literal>\TeX</literal> in <literal>\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)</literal>. (But using curly braces
+has the advantage of still working whether the next character is a blank
+or any other non-letter, as in <literal>\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})</literal> in which
+<literal>{}</literal> can be added after <literal>\LaTeX</literal> as well as after
+<literal>\TeX</literal>.) The other common use is that it marks a period as ending
+an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <literal>Prof.\ Smith</literal>
+or <literal>Jones et al.\ (1993)</literal> (see <link linkend="_005c_0040">\@</link>).
</para>
-<para>Under normal circumstances, <literal>\</literal><keycap>tab</keycap> and <literal>\</literal><keycap>newline</keycap>
+<para>Under normal circumstances, <literal>\</literal><keycap>TAB</keycap> and <literal>\</literal><keycap>NEWLINE</keycap>
are equivalent to backslash-space, <literal>\ </literal>.
</para>
+<anchor id="Leading-blanks"/><para>Please also note that in order to allow source code indentation, under
+normal circumstances, &tex; ignores leading blanks in a line. So the
+following prints ‘<literal>one word</literal>’:
+</para>
+<screen>one
+ word
+</screen>
+<para>where the white space between ‘<literal>one</literal>’ and ‘<literal>word</literal>’ is produced by
+the newline after ‘<literal>one</literal>’, not by the space before ‘<literal>word</literal>’.
+</para>
<!-- @PkgIndex{xspace} -->
<!-- Some individual commands, notably those defined with the @code{xspace}, -->
<!-- package do not follow the standard behavior. -->
@@ -13708,11 +13888,14 @@
style-specific use is between initials, as in <literal>D.\thinspace E.\
Knuth</literal>.
</para>
-<para>&latex; provides a variety of similar spacing commands
-(see <link linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</link>). With <literal>amsmath</literal>, or as of the
-2020-10-01 &latex; release, they can be used in text mode as well as
-math mode, including <literal>\!</literal> for <literal>\negthinspace</literal>; before that,
-they were available only in math mode.
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>amsmath</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>amsmath</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
+<para>&latex; provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(see <link linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</link>). With the <filename>amsmath</filename> package, or as
+of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, they can be used in text mode as
+well as math mode, including <literal>\!</literal> for <literal>\negthinspace</literal>; but
+otherwise, they are available only in math mode.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 label="19.9" id="_005c_002f">
@@ -13759,8 +13942,8 @@
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fontdimen1</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>font dimension, slant</primary></indexterm>
<para>Technically, &latex; uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely <literal>\fontdimen1</literal>), to determine whether to
-possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+<firstterm>slant parameter</firstterm> (namely <literal>\fontdimen1</literal>), to determine whether
+to possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
particular font commands.
</para>
<para>There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing is
@@ -13866,7 +14049,7 @@
<literal>book</literal> and <literal>article</literal> classes is <literal>3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt</literal>.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
-<para>Because each command is a <literal>\vspace</literal>, if you use on in mid-paragraph
+<para>Because each command is a <literal>\vspace</literal>, if you use it in mid-paragraph
then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
these are best between paragraphs.
@@ -13920,7 +14103,7 @@
and depth at least <literal>0.3\baselineskip</literal>. Essentially, &latex;
inserts into the line a rectangle having zero width,
<literal>\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}</literal> (see <link linkend="_005crule">\rule</link>).
-The <literal>\baselineskip</literal> changes with the current font and fontsize.
+The <literal>\baselineskip</literal> changes with the current font or fontsize.
</para>
<para>In this example the <literal>\strut</literal> keeps the box inside the frame from
having zero height.
@@ -13963,10 +14146,10 @@
\end{minipage}%
</screen>
<para>The final two lists use <literal>\fbox</literal> to show what’s happening. The
-third list’s <literal>\parbox</literal> goes only to the bottom of its second
-‘<literal>test</literal>’, which happens not have any characters that descend below
-the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed
-extra below-baseline space.
+first item <literal>\parbox</literal> of the third list goes only to the bottom of
+its second ‘<literal>test</literal>’, which happens not have any characters that
+descend below the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives
+the needed extra below-baseline space.
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>TikZ</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>TikZ</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -13994,10 +14177,10 @@
\end{tabular}
</screen>
<para>(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won’t work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like <literal>\\[2.5ex]</literal>
-will put the room between the header line and the <literal>\hline</literal>, and the
-integral would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won’t
+solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
+<literal>\\[2.5ex]</literal> will put more room between the header line and the
+<literal>\hline</literal> rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
</para>
</sect1>
@@ -14027,9 +14210,9 @@
<para>(See <link linkend="_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</link>, for common inter-paragraph
spaces.)
</para>
-<para>The <literal>*</literal>-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
+<para>The <literal>*</literal>-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, &latex; discards vertical space at a page break and the
-<literal>*</literal>-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
+<literal>*</literal>-form causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
between the two questions.
</para>
<screen>Question: Find the integral of \( 5x^4+5 \).
@@ -14113,10 +14296,11 @@
(see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>). The <replaceable>vert-length</replaceable> is a rubber length
(see <link linkend="Lengths">Lengths</link>).
</para>
-<para>This example illustrates. The <literal>picture</literal> draws a scale. In a
-standard &latex; article the length <literal>\baselineskip</literal> is 12pt.
-The two rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the
-<literal>\baselineskip</literal> and the 10pt from the first <literal>addvspace</literal>.
+<para>This example illustrates. The <literal>picture</literal> draws a scale over which
+to rules are placed. In a standard &latex; article the length
+<literal>\baselineskip</literal> is 12pt. As shown by the scale, the two
+rules are 22pt apart: the sum of the <literal>\baselineskip</literal> and the
+10pt from the first <literal>\addvspace</literal>.
</para>
<screen>\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{color}
@@ -14232,7 +14416,11 @@
</term><listitem><para>Flush right.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>s</literal>
-</term><listitem><para>Stretch the interword space in <replaceable>text</replaceable> across the entire <replaceable>width</replaceable>.
+</term><listitem><!-- xx TODO add a generic node to make clear that some statement may be -->
+<!-- not true for some internationalization or some script. Eg. in Arabic -->
+<!-- script or with microtype package I think that the strech also plays -->
+<!-- on word width -->
+<para>Stretch the interword space in <replaceable>text</replaceable> across the entire <replaceable>width</replaceable>.
The <replaceable>text</replaceable> must contain stretchable space for this to work. For
instance, this could head a press release:
<literal>\noindent\makebox[\textwidth][s]{\large\hfil IMMEDIATE\hfil
@@ -14287,15 +14475,15 @@
\framebox[<replaceable>width</replaceable>]{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
\framebox[<replaceable>width</replaceable>][<replaceable>position</replaceable>]{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
</screen>
-<para>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four lines surrounding the space.
+<para>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four rules surrounding the <replaceable>text</replaceable>.
These commands are the same as <literal>\mbox</literal> and <literal>\makebox</literal> except
for the frame (see <link linkend="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox & \makebox</link>). The <literal>\fbox</literal> command is
robust, the <literal>\framebox</literal> command is fragile (see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>).
</para>
<screen>\fbox{Warning! No work shown, no credit given.}
</screen>
-<para>&latex; puts the text into a box that cannot be split or hyphenated.
-Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four lines making
+<para>&latex; puts the text into a box, the text cannot be hyphenated.
+Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four rules making
a frame.
</para>
<para>The first two command invocations, <literal>\fbox{...}</literal> and
@@ -14307,7 +14495,7 @@
</para>
<screen>\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\framebox[0.25in]{\strut}}
</screen>
-<para>The <literal>\strut</literal> inserts a vertical height of <literal>\baselineskip</literal>
+<para>The <literal>\strut</literal> ensures a total height of <literal>\baselineskip</literal>
(see <link linkend="_005cstrut">\strut</link>).
</para>
<para>These parameters determine the frame layout.
@@ -14316,7 +14504,7 @@
</term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>frame, line width</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>frame rule width</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>\fboxrule</primary></indexterm>
-<para>The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is
+<para>The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2pt. Change it with a command such as
<literal>\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</literal> (see <link linkend="_005csetlength">\setlength</link>).
</para>
@@ -14328,7 +14516,7 @@
(see <link linkend="_005csetlength">\setlength</link>). Setting it to 0pt is useful sometimes:
this will put a frame around the picture with no white border.
</para>
-<screen>{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
+<screen>{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
\framebox{%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{prudence.jpg}}}
</screen>
@@ -14347,9 +14535,9 @@
</screen>
<para>See <link linkend="Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</link>, for colors other than black and white.
</para>
-<para>The <literal>picture</literal> environment has a version of this command where the
-units depend on <literal>picture</literal>’s <literal>\unitlength</literal> (see <link linkend="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox
-(picture)</link>).
+<para>The <literal>picture</literal> environment has a version of the <literal>\framebox</literal>
+command where the units depend on <literal>picture</literal>’s <literal>\unitlength</literal>
+(see <link linkend="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</link>).
</para>
</sect1>
@@ -17159,19 +17347,19 @@
<para>In this example, <literal>\@dottedcline</literal> appears to have been given only
three arguments. But tracing the internal code shows that it picks up
the final <replaceable>text</replaceable> and <replaceable>pagenumber</replaceable> arguments in the synopsis
-from a call to <literal>\contentsline</literal>.
+from a call to <literal>\contentsline</literal> (see <link linkend="_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</link>).
</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>leaders, dots in table of contents</primary></indexterm>
<para>Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these <literal>\@dottedtocline</literal> commands insert <firstterm>leaders</firstterm>, that
is, evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
-<literal>\@dotsep</literal>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, which
-are <literal>1/18</literal> em. Change it using <literal>\renewcommand</literal>, as
-in <literal>\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}</literal>.
+<literal>\@dotsep</literal>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, aka.
+<literal>mu</literal>, which are <literal>1/18</literal> em. Change it using
+<literal>\renewcommand</literal>, as in <literal>\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}</literal>.
</para>
-<para>In the default book class, &latex; does not use dotted leaders for
-the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the default article class
-it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
+<para>In the standard <filename>book</filename> class, &latex; does not use dotted leaders
+for the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the standard
+<filename>article</filename> class it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
</para>
</sect2>
@@ -17195,29 +17383,32 @@
</screen>
<para>It will appear at the same indentation level as the sections, will be in
boldface, and will be assigned the page number associated with the point
-where it appears in the input file.
+where the command appears in the input file.
</para>
<para>The <literal>\addcontentsline</literal> command writes information to the file
-<filename><replaceable>root-name</replaceable>.<replaceable>ext</replaceable></filename>. It writes that information as the
-text of the command
+<filename><replaceable>root-name</replaceable>.<replaceable>ext</replaceable></filename>, where <replaceable>root-name</replaceable> is the file name
+of the root file (see <link linkend="Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</link>). It writes that
+information as the text of the command
<literal>\contentsline{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}{<replaceable>num</replaceable>}</literal>, where
<literal><replaceable>num</replaceable></literal> is the current value of counter <literal><replaceable>unit</replaceable></literal>
(see <link linkend="_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</link>). The most common case is the table of contents
and there <replaceable>num</replaceable> is the page number of the first page of <replaceable>unit</replaceable>.
</para>
<para>This command is invoked by the sectioning commands <literal>\chapter</literal>,
-etc., and also by <literal>\caption</literal> inside a float environment. But it is
-also used by authors. For example, an author writing a book whose style
-is to have an unnumbered preface may use the starred <literal>\chapter*</literal>.
-But that command leaves out table of contents information, which can be
-entered manually, as here.
+etc. (see <link linkend="Sectioning">Sectioning</link>), and also by <literal>\caption</literal> inside a float
+environment (see <link linkend="Floats">Floats</link>). But it is also directly used by authors.
+For example, an author writing a book whose style is to have an
+unnumbered preface may use the starred <literal>\chapter*</literal>. But that
+command leaves out table of contents information, which can be entered
+manually, as here.
</para>
<screen>\chapter*{Preface}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{}Preface}
</screen>
-<para>In the <filename>.toc</filename> file &latex; will put the line <literal>\contentsline
-{chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</literal>; note that the page number
-‘<literal>3</literal>’ is automatically generated by the system, not entered manually.
+<para>In the <filename><replaceable>root-name</replaceable>.toc</filename> file &latex; will put the line
+<literal>\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</literal>; note
+that the page number ‘<literal>3</literal>’ is automatically generated by the system,
+not entered manually.
</para>
<para>All of the arguments for <literal>\addcontentsline</literal> are required.
</para>
@@ -17227,7 +17418,8 @@
tables. The filename extension of the information file.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>unit</replaceable>
-</term><listitem><para>A string that depends on the value of the <replaceable>ext</replaceable> argument:
+</term><listitem><para>A string that depends on the value of the <replaceable>ext</replaceable> argument, typically
+one of:
</para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>toc</literal>
</term><listitem><para>For the table of contents, this is the name of a sectional unit:
@@ -17240,8 +17432,8 @@
</term><listitem><para>For the list of tables: <literal>table</literal>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>text</replaceable>
-</term><listitem><para>The text of the entry. You must <literal>\protect</literal> any commands that are
-fragile (see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>).
+</term><listitem><para>The text of the entry. You must <literal>\protect</literal> any fragile commands
+(see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>) used in it.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
<para>The <literal>\addcontentsline</literal> command has an interaction with
<literal>\include</literal> (see <link linkend="_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include & \includeonly</link>). If you use them at
@@ -17250,7 +17442,8 @@
in the table of contents can come out in the wrong order. The solution
is to move <literal>\addcontentsline</literal> into the file being included.
</para>
-<para>If you use a <replaceable>unit</replaceable> that &latex; does not recognize, as here
+<para>If you use a <replaceable>unit</replaceable> that &latex; does not recognize, as with the
+typo here
</para>
<screen>\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
</screen>
@@ -17350,7 +17543,7 @@
commands <literal>\chapter</literal>, <literal>\section</literal>, etc. for the table of
contents, or by the <literal>\caption</literal> command inside of a <literal>\figure</literal>
or <literal>\table</literal> environment (see <link linkend="figure">figure</link> and see <link linkend="table">table</link>). Thus,
-where the base file is <filename>thesis.tex</filename>, and contains the declaration
+where the root file is <filename>thesis.tex</filename>, and contains the declaration
<literal>\tableofcontents</literal>, the command <literal>\chapter{Chapter One}</literal>
produces something like this in the file <filename>thesis.toc</filename>.
</para>
@@ -17367,15 +17560,22 @@
where <replaceable>filetype</replaceable> is <literal>toc</literal>, <literal>lof</literal>, or <literal>lot</literal>
(see <link linkend="_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</link>).
</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>tocloft</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>tocloft</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<para>For manipulating how the <literal>\contentline</literal> material is typeset, see
the <filename>tocloft</filename> package.
</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>hyperref</literal></primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>hyperref</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
+
<para>Note that the <literal>hyperref</literal> package changes the definition of
<literal>\contentsline</literal> (and <literal>\addcontentsline</literal>) to add more
arguments, to make hyperlinks. This is the source of the error
-<literal>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</literal>. Fix this error by
-deleting the <filename>.toc</filename> or <filename>.lof</filename> or <filename>.lot</filename> file, and running
-&latex; again.
+<literal>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</literal> when one adds/remove
+the use of package <filename>hyperref</filename> and a compilation was already run.
+Fix this error by deleting the <filename>.toc</filename> or <filename>.lof</filename> or <filename>.lot</filename>
+file, and running &latex; again.
</para>
</sect2>
@@ -17422,7 +17622,7 @@
<literal>\contentsline</literal> command to typeset the section number
(see <link linkend="_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</link>).
</para>
-<para>For example, this line in a <filename>.toc</filename> file causes the <literal>1</literal> to be
+<para>For example, this line in a <filename>.toc</filename> file causes the <literal>1.1</literal> to be
typeset flush left.
</para>
<screen>\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Motivation}{2}
@@ -17431,16 +17631,17 @@
<literal>\@tempdima</literal>. That length is set by the commands
<literal>\l at section</literal>, <literal>\l at subsection</literal>, etc. Put section numbers
inside a natural-width box with
-<literal>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</literal>.
+<literal>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</literal> before
+<literal>\tableofcontents</literal>.
</para>
<para>This command is fragile, so you may need to precede it with
<literal>\protect</literal> (see <link linkend="_005cprotect">\protect</link>). An example is the use of
<literal>\protect</literal> in the command
<literal>\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Summary}</literal>
-to get the <literal>\numberline</literal> into this command in the <filename>.toc</filename> file:
-<literal>\contentsline {section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}</literal> (the
-page number ‘<literal>6</literal>’ is automatically added by &latex;;
-see <link linkend="_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</link>).
+to get the <literal>\numberline</literal> into the <literal>\contentsline</literal> command in
+the <filename>.toc</filename> file: <literal>\contentsline {section}{\numberline
+{}Summary}{6}</literal> (the page number ‘<literal>6</literal>’ is automatically added by
+&latex;; see <link linkend="_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</link>).
</para>
</sect2>
@@ -17454,33 +17655,51 @@
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\index</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><filename>.idx</filename> file</primary></indexterm>
-<para>This document has an index.
+<para>If you tell &latex; what terms you want to appear in an index then it
+can produce that index, alphabetized and with the page numbers
+automatically maintained. This illustrates the basics.
</para>
<screen>\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex
+\usepackage{makeidx} % Provide indexing commands
+ \makeindex
+% \usepackage{showidx} % Show marginal notes of index entries
...
\begin{document}
...
-Recall Wilson's Theorem: \index{Wilson's Theorem}
-a number \( n>1 \) is prime if and only if the factorial of \( n-1 \)
-is congruent to \( -1 \) modulo~\( n \).
+Wilson's Theorem\index{Wilson's Theorem}
+says that a number $n>1$ is prime if and only if the factorial
+of $n-1$ is congruent to $-1$
+modulo~$n$.\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}
...
\printindex
- ...
+\end{document}
</screen>
-<para>The <literal>\usepackage{makeidx}</literal> and <literal>\makeindex</literal> in the preamble
-bring in the relevant commands.
-</para>
-<para>Producing an index is a three stage process. First, in the document
-body you declare index entries with the <literal>\index</literal> command
+<para>As that shows, declare index entries with the <literal>\index</literal> command
(see <link linkend="_005cindex">\index</link>). When you run &latex;, the <literal>\index</literal> writes its
-information to an auxiliary file <filename><replaceable>root-name</replaceable>.idx</filename>. Next, to
-alphabetize and to do other manipulations you run an external command,
-typically <command>makeindex</command> or <command>xindy</command> (see <link linkend="makeindex">makeindex</link>).
-These output a file <filename><replaceable>root-name</replaceable>.ind</filename>. Finally, you bring the
-information back into your document and typeset it with the
-<literal>\printindex</literal> command (see <link linkend="_005cprintindex">\printindex</link>).
+information, such as ‘<literal>Wilson's Theorem</literal>’ and the page number, to an
+auxiliary file whose name ends in <filename>.idx</filename>. Next, to alphabetize and
+do other manipulations, run an external command, typically
+<command>makeindex</command> (see <link linkend="makeindex">makeindex</link>), which writes a file whose name
+ends in <filename>.ind</filename>. Finally, <literal>\printindex</literal> brings this
+manipulated information into the output (see <link linkend="_005cprintindex">\printindex</link>).
</para>
+<para>Thus, if the above example is in the file <filename>numth.tex</filename> then running
+‘<literal>pdflatex numth</literal>’ will save index entry and page number information
+to <filename>numth.idx</filename>. Then running ‘<literal>makeindex numth</literal>’ will
+alphabetize and save the results to <filename>numth.ind</filename>. Finally, again
+running ‘<literal>pdflatex numth</literal>’ will show the desired index, at the place
+where the <literal>\printindex</literal> command is in the source file.
+</para>
+<para>There are many options for the output. An example is that the
+exclamation point in <literal>\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}</literal>
+produces a main entry of ‘<literal>congruence</literal>’ with a subentry of ‘<literal>and
+Wilson's Theorem</literal>’. For more, see <link linkend="makeindex">makeindex</link>.
+</para>
+<para>The <literal>\makeindex</literal> and <literal>\printindex</literal> commands are independent.
+Leaving out the <literal>\makeindex</literal> will stop &latex; from saving the
+index entries to the auxiliary file. Leaving out the <literal>\printindex</literal>
+will cause &latex; to not show the index in the document output.
+</para>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>package, <literal>showidx</literal></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>showidx</literal> package</primary></indexterm>
@@ -17523,6 +17742,7 @@
...
rate of growth\index{Ackermann!function!growth rate}
</screen>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>index entries, subentries</primary></indexterm>
<para>All three index entries will get a page number, such as ‘<literal>Ackermann,
22</literal>’. &latex; will format the second as a subitem of the first, on the
line below it and indented, and the third as a subitem of the second.
@@ -19152,18 +19372,28 @@
pdflatex -jobname=teachers "\def\teachers{}\input{main}"
</screen>
<para>The <literal>jobname</literal> option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called <filename>main.pdf</filename> and the second would overwrite the first. (See
+called <filename>main.pdf</filename>, and the second would overwrite the first. (See
the next section.)
</para>
-<para>In this example, we pass the <literal>draft</literal> option to the
-<filename>graphicx</filename> package:
+<para>In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named <filename>mybook.tex</filename> and structured
+like this.
</para>
-<screen>pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\input{aa.tex}"
+<screen>\documentclass{book}
+\begin{document}
+ ...
+\include{chap1}
+\include{chap2}
+ ...
+\end{document}
</screen>
-<para>so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
+<para>the command line
</para>
+<screen>pdflatex "\includeonly{chap1}\input{mybook}"
+</screen>
+<para>will give output that has the first chapter but no
+other. See <link linkend="Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</link>.
+</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 label="28.3" id="Jobname">
Modified: trunk/latex2e.dvi
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -12272,9 +12272,9 @@
<p>LaTeX defines the counter <code>\day</code> for the day of the month
(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <code>\month</code> for the month of
-the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and year <code>\year</code>.
-When TeX starts up, they are set from the current values on the
-system. The related command <code>\today</code> produces a string
+the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and <code>\year</code> for
+the year. When TeX starts up, they are set from the current values
+on the system. The related command <code>\today</code> produces a string
representing the current day (see <a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a>).
</p>
<p>They counters are not updated as the job progresses so in principle they
@@ -12288,7 +12288,9 @@
<p>gives no error or warning and results in the output ‘<samp>-2, -4</samp>’ (the
bogus month value produces no output).
</p>
-
+<p>See <a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a>, to force the date to a given valye from the
+command line.
+</p>
<hr>
<span id="Lengths"></span><div class="header">
<p>
@@ -18057,7 +18059,7 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<p>Because each command is a <code>\vspace</code>, if you use on in mid-paragraph
+<p>Because each command is a <code>\vspace</code>, if you use it in mid-paragraph
then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
these are best between paragraphs.
@@ -18564,7 +18566,7 @@
\framebox[<var>width</var>][<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four lines surrounding the space.
+<p>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four rules surrounding the <var>text</var>.
These commands are the same as <code>\mbox</code> and <code>\makebox</code> except
for the frame (see <a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox & \makebox</a>). The <code>\fbox</code> command is
robust, the <code>\framebox</code> command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
@@ -18573,8 +18575,8 @@
<pre class="example">\fbox{Warning! No work shown, no credit given.}
</pre></div>
-<p>LaTeX puts the text into a box that cannot be split or hyphenated.
-Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four lines making
+<p>LaTeX puts the text into a box, the text cannot be hyphenated.
+Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four rules making
a frame.
</p>
<p>The first two command invocations, <code>\fbox{...}</code> and
@@ -18588,7 +18590,7 @@
<pre class="example">\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\framebox[0.25in]{\strut}}
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>\strut</code> inserts a vertical height of <code>\baselineskip</code>
+<p>The <code>\strut</code> ensures a total height of <code>\baselineskip</code>
(see <a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a>).
</p>
<p>These parameters determine the frame layout.
@@ -18601,7 +18603,7 @@
<dd><span id="index-frame_002c-line-width"></span>
<span id="index-frame-rule-width"></span>
<span id="index-_005cfboxrule"></span>
-<p>The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is
+<p>The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2pt. Change it with a command such as
<code>\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005csetlength">\setlength</a>).
</p>
@@ -18617,7 +18619,7 @@
this will put a frame around the picture with no white border.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
+<pre class="example">{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
\framebox{%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{prudence.jpg}}}
</pre></div>
@@ -18641,8 +18643,9 @@
<p>See <a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a>, for colors other than black and white.
</p>
-<p>The <code>picture</code> environment has a version of this command where the
-units depend on <code>picture</code>’s <code>\unitlength</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a>).
+<p>The <code>picture</code> environment has a version of the <code>\framebox</code>
+command where the units depend on <code>picture</code>’s <code>\unitlength</code>
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a>).
</p>
<hr>
@@ -22155,19 +22158,19 @@
<p>In this example, <code>\@dottedcline</code> appears to have been given only
three arguments. But tracing the internal code shows that it picks up
the final <var>text</var> and <var>pagenumber</var> arguments in the synopsis
-from a call to <code>\contentsline</code>.
+from a call to <code>\contentsline</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a>).
</p>
<span id="index-leaders_002c-dots-in-table-of-contents"></span>
<p>Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these <code>\@dottedtocline</code> commands insert <em>leaders</em>, that
is, evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
-<code>\@dotsep</code>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, which
-are <code>1/18</code> em. Change it using <code>\renewcommand</code>, as
-in <code>\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}</code>.
+<code>\@dotsep</code>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, aka.
+<code>mu</code>, which are <code>1/18</code> em. Change it using
+<code>\renewcommand</code>, as in <code>\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}</code>.
</p>
-<p>In the default book class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders for
-the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the default article class
-it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
+<p>In the standard <samp>book</samp> class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders
+for the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the standard
+<samp>article</samp> class it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -22198,31 +22201,34 @@
<p>It will appear at the same indentation level as the sections, will be in
boldface, and will be assigned the page number associated with the point
-where it appears in the input file.
+where the command appears in the input file.
</p>
<p>The <code>\addcontentsline</code> command writes information to the file
-<samp><var>root-name</var>.<var>ext</var></samp>. It writes that information as the
-text of the command
+<samp><var>root-name</var>.<var>ext</var></samp>, where <var>root-name</var> is the file name
+of the root file (see <a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a>). It writes that
+information as the text of the command
<code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}{<var>num</var>}</code>, where
<code><var>num</var></code> is the current value of counter <code><var>unit</var></code>
(see <a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a>). The most common case is the table of contents
and there <var>num</var> is the page number of the first page of <var>unit</var>.
</p>
<p>This command is invoked by the sectioning commands <code>\chapter</code>,
-etc., and also by <code>\caption</code> inside a float environment. But it is
-also used by authors. For example, an author writing a book whose style
-is to have an unnumbered preface may use the starred <code>\chapter*</code>.
-But that command leaves out table of contents information, which can be
-entered manually, as here.
+etc. (see <a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a>), and also by <code>\caption</code> inside a float
+environment (see <a href="#Floats">Floats</a>). But it is also directly used by authors.
+For example, an author writing a book whose style is to have an
+unnumbered preface may use the starred <code>\chapter*</code>. But that
+command leaves out table of contents information, which can be entered
+manually, as here.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\chapter*{Preface}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{}Preface}
</pre></div>
-<p>In the <samp>.toc</samp> file LaTeX will put the line <code>\contentsline
-{chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</code>; note that the page number
-‘<samp>3</samp>’ is automatically generated by the system, not entered manually.
+<p>In the <samp><var>root-name</var>.toc</samp> file LaTeX will put the line
+<code>\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</code>; note
+that the page number ‘<samp>3</samp>’ is automatically generated by the system,
+not entered manually.
</p>
<p>All of the arguments for <code>\addcontentsline</code> are required.
</p>
@@ -22234,7 +22240,8 @@
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>unit</var></dt>
-<dd><p>A string that depends on the value of the <var>ext</var> argument:
+<dd><p>A string that depends on the value of the <var>ext</var> argument, typically
+one of:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>toc</code></dt>
@@ -22253,8 +22260,8 @@
</dd>
<dt><var>text</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The text of the entry. You must <code>\protect</code> any commands that are
-fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
+<dd><p>The text of the entry. You must <code>\protect</code> any fragile commands
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>) used in it.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -22265,7 +22272,8 @@
in the table of contents can come out in the wrong order. The solution
is to move <code>\addcontentsline</code> into the file being included.
</p>
-<p>If you use a <var>unit</var> that LaTeX does not recognize, as here
+<p>If you use a <var>unit</var> that LaTeX does not recognize, as with the
+typo here
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
@@ -22386,7 +22394,7 @@
commands <code>\chapter</code>, <code>\section</code>, etc. for the table of
contents, or by the <code>\caption</code> command inside of a <code>\figure</code>
or <code>\table</code> environment (see <a href="#figure">figure</a> and see <a href="#table">table</a>). Thus,
-where the base file is <samp>thesis.tex</samp>, and contains the declaration
+where the root file is <samp>thesis.tex</samp>, and contains the declaration
<code>\tableofcontents</code>, the command <code>\chapter{Chapter One}</code>
produces something like this in the file <samp>thesis.toc</samp>.
</p>
@@ -22407,15 +22415,22 @@
where <var>filetype</var> is <code>toc</code>, <code>lof</code>, or <code>lot</code>
(see <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a>).
</p>
+<span id="index-package_002c-tocloft-1"></span>
+<span id="index-tocloft-package-1"></span>
+
<p>For manipulating how the <code>\contentline</code> material is typeset, see
the <samp>tocloft</samp> package.
</p>
+<span id="index-package_002c-hyperref-3"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperref-package-3"></span>
+
<p>Note that the <code>hyperref</code> package changes the definition of
<code>\contentsline</code> (and <code>\addcontentsline</code>) to add more
arguments, to make hyperlinks. This is the source of the error
-<code>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</code>. Fix this error by
-deleting the <samp>.toc</samp> or <samp>.lof</samp> or <samp>.lot</samp> file, and running
-LaTeX again.
+<code>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</code> when one adds/remove
+the use of package <samp>hyperref</samp> and a compilation was already run.
+Fix this error by deleting the <samp>.toc</samp> or <samp>.lof</samp> or <samp>.lot</samp>
+file, and running LaTeX again.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -22474,7 +22489,7 @@
<code>\contentsline</code> command to typeset the section number
(see <a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a>).
</p>
-<p>For example, this line in a <samp>.toc</samp> file causes the <code>1</code> to be
+<p>For example, this line in a <samp>.toc</samp> file causes the <code>1.1</code> to be
typeset flush left.
</p>
<div class="example">
@@ -22485,16 +22500,17 @@
<code>\@tempdima</code>. That length is set by the commands
<code>\l at section</code>, <code>\l at subsection</code>, etc. Put section numbers
inside a natural-width box with
-<code>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</code>.
+<code>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</code> before
+<code>\tableofcontents</code>.
</p>
<p>This command is fragile, so you may need to precede it with
<code>\protect</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>). An example is the use of
<code>\protect</code> in the command
<code>\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Summary}</code>
-to get the <code>\numberline</code> into this command in the <samp>.toc</samp> file:
-<code>\contentsline {section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}</code> (the
-page number ‘<samp>6</samp>’ is automatically added by LaTeX;
-see <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a>).
+to get the <code>\numberline</code> into the <code>\contentsline</code> command in
+the <samp>.toc</samp> file: <code>\contentsline {section}{\numberline
+{}Summary}{6}</code> (the page number ‘<samp>6</samp>’ is automatically added by
+LaTeX; see <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a>).
</p>
<hr>
@@ -24596,8 +24612,8 @@
<var>argument</var> with a backslash. (All the engines support this.) This
allows you to do some special effects.
</p>
-<span id="index-package_002c-hyperref-3"></span>
-<span id="index-hyperref-package-3"></span>
+<span id="index-package_002c-hyperref-4"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperref-package-4"></span>
<p>For example, this file (which uses the
<samp>hyperref</samp> package for hyperlinks) can produce two kinds of
output, one to be read on physical paper and one to be read online.
@@ -24637,21 +24653,33 @@
</pre></div>
<p>The <code>jobname</code> option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called <samp>main.pdf</samp> and the second would overwrite the first. (See
+called <samp>main.pdf</samp>, and the second would overwrite the first. (See
the next section.)
</p>
-<p>In this example, we pass the <code>draft</code> option to the
-<samp>graphicx</samp> package:
+<p>In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named <samp>mybook.tex</samp> and structured
+like this.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\input{aa.tex}"
+<pre class="example">\documentclass{book}
+\begin{document}
+ ...
+\include{chap1}
+\include{chap2}
+ ...
+\end{document}
</pre></div>
-<p>so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
+<p>the command line
</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">pdflatex "\includeonly{chap1}\input{mybook}"
+</pre></div>
+<p>will give output that has the first chapter but no
+other. See <a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a>.
+</p>
+
<hr>
<span id="Jobname"></span><div class="header">
<p>
@@ -26708,7 +26736,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-1"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-2"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-3"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-3"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-4"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphen-character_002c-non_002dbreaking">hyphen character, non-breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-defining">hyphenation, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-discretionary">hyphenation, discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
@@ -27079,7 +27108,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
@@ -27132,6 +27162,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-5"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocbibbind"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>tocbibbind</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>tocloft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>tocloft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>ulem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>unicode-math</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-url"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>url</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
@@ -27459,6 +27490,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocdepth"><code>tocdepth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocdepth-counter"><code>tocdepth <span class="roman">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocloft-package"><code>tocloft</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocloft-package-1"><code>tocloft</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-today_0027s-date">today’s date</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tombstone">tombstone</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topmargin"><code>topmargin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -8593,8 +8593,8 @@
LaTeX defines the counter '\day' for the day of the month (nominally
with value between 1 and 31), '\month' for the month of the year
-(nominally with value between 1 and 12), and year '\year'. When TeX
-starts up, they are set from the current values on the system. The
+(nominally with value between 1 and 12), and '\year' for the year. When
+TeX starts up, they are set from the current values on the system. The
related command '\today' produces a string representing the current day
(*note \today::).
@@ -8607,6 +8607,9 @@
gives no error or warning and results in the output '-2, -4' (the bogus
month value produces no output).
+ *Note Command line input::, to force the date to a given valye from
+the command line.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Lengths, Next: Making paragraphs, Prev: Counters, Up: Top
@@ -12449,7 +12452,7 @@
of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt'.
- Because each command is a '\vspace', if you use on in mid-paragraph
+ Because each command is a '\vspace', if you use it in mid-paragraph
then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
these are best between paragraphs.
@@ -12841,16 +12844,16 @@
\framebox[WIDTH]{TEXT}
\framebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
- Create a box with an enclosing frame, four lines surrounding the
-space. These commands are the same as '\mbox' and '\makebox' except for
+ Create a box with an enclosing frame, four rules surrounding the
+TEXT. These commands are the same as '\mbox' and '\makebox' except for
the frame (*note \mbox & \makebox::). The '\fbox' command is robust,
the '\framebox' command is fragile (*note \protect::).
\fbox{Warning! No work shown, no credit given.}
-LaTeX puts the text into a box that cannot be split or hyphenated.
-Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four lines making
-a frame.
+LaTeX puts the text into a box, the text cannot be hyphenated. Around
+that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four rules making a
+frame.
The first two command invocations, '\fbox{...}' and '\framebox{...}',
are roughly the same. As to the third and fourth invocations, the
@@ -12861,13 +12864,12 @@
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\framebox[0.25in]{\strut}}
-The '\strut' inserts a vertical height of '\baselineskip' (*note
-\strut::).
+The '\strut' ensures a total height of '\baselineskip' (*note \strut::).
These parameters determine the frame layout.
'\fboxrule'
- The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is
+ The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2pt. Change it with a command such as
'\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}' (*note \setlength::).
@@ -12877,7 +12879,7 @@
(*note \setlength::). Setting it to 0pt is useful sometimes: this
will put a frame around the picture with no white border.
- {\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
+ {\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
\framebox{%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{prudence.jpg}}}
@@ -12895,8 +12897,9 @@
*Note Colored boxes::, for colors other than black and white.
- The 'picture' environment has a version of this command where the
-units depend on 'picture''s '\unitlength' (*note \framebox (picture)::).
+ The 'picture' environment has a version of the '\framebox' command
+where the units depend on 'picture''s '\unitlength' (*note \framebox
+(picture)::).
File: latex2e.info, Node: \parbox, Next: \raisebox, Prev: \fbox & \framebox, Up: Boxes
@@ -15308,18 +15311,18 @@
In this example, '\@dottedcline' appears to have been given only three
arguments. But tracing the internal code shows that it picks up the
final TEXT and PAGENUMBER arguments in the synopsis from a call to
-'\contentsline'.
+'\contentsline' (*note \contentsline::).
Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these '\@dottedtocline' commands insert "leaders", that is,
evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
-'\@dotsep'. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, which are
-'1/18' em. Change it using '\renewcommand', as in
+'\@dotsep'. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, aka. 'mu', which
+are '1/18' em. Change it using '\renewcommand', as in
'\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}'.
- In the default book class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders for the
-Part and Chapter table entries, and in the default article class it does
-not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
+ In the standard 'book' class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders for
+the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the standard 'article' class
+it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \addcontentsline, Next: \addtocontents, Prev: \@dottedtocline, Up: Table of contents etc.
@@ -15340,26 +15343,27 @@
It will appear at the same indentation level as the sections, will be in
boldface, and will be assigned the page number associated with the point
-where it appears in the input file.
+where the command appears in the input file.
The '\addcontentsline' command writes information to the file
-'ROOT-NAME.EXT'. It writes that information as the text of the command
-'\contentsline{UNIT}{TEXT}{NUM}', where 'NUM' is the current value of
-counter 'UNIT' (*note \contentsline::). The most common case is the
-table of contents and there NUM is the page number of the first page of
-UNIT.
+'ROOT-NAME.EXT', where ROOT-NAME is the file name of the root file
+(*note Splitting the input::). It writes that information as the text
+of the command '\contentsline{UNIT}{TEXT}{NUM}', where 'NUM' is the
+current value of counter 'UNIT' (*note \contentsline::). The most
+common case is the table of contents and there NUM is the page number of
+the first page of UNIT.
- This command is invoked by the sectioning commands '\chapter', etc.,
-and also by '\caption' inside a float environment. But it is also used
-by authors. For example, an author writing a book whose style is to
-have an unnumbered preface may use the starred '\chapter*'. But that
-command leaves out table of contents information, which can be entered
-manually, as here.
+ This command is invoked by the sectioning commands '\chapter', etc.
+(*note Sectioning::), and also by '\caption' inside a float environment
+(*note Floats::). But it is also directly used by authors. For
+example, an author writing a book whose style is to have an unnumbered
+preface may use the starred '\chapter*'. But that command leaves out
+table of contents information, which can be entered manually, as here.
\chapter*{Preface}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{}Preface}
-In the '.toc' file LaTeX will put the line '\contentsline
+In the 'ROOT-NAME.toc' file LaTeX will put the line '\contentsline
{chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}'; note that the page number '3' is
automatically generated by the system, not entered manually.
@@ -15371,7 +15375,8 @@
filename extension of the information file.
UNIT
- A string that depends on the value of the EXT argument:
+ A string that depends on the value of the EXT argument, typically
+ one of:
'toc'
For the table of contents, this is the name of a sectional
@@ -15384,8 +15389,8 @@
For the list of tables: 'table'.
TEXT
- The text of the entry. You must '\protect' any commands that are
- fragile (*note \protect::).
+ The text of the entry. You must '\protect' any fragile commands
+ (*note \protect::) used in it.
The '\addcontentsline' command has an interaction with '\include'
(*note \include & \includeonly::). If you use them at the same level,
@@ -15393,7 +15398,8 @@
table of contents can come out in the wrong order. The solution is to
move '\addcontentsline' into the file being included.
- If you use a UNIT that LaTeX does not recognize, as here
+ If you use a UNIT that LaTeX does not recognize, as with the typo
+here
\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
@@ -15478,7 +15484,7 @@
Usually adding material to these lists is done automatically by the
commands '\chapter', '\section', etc. for the table of contents, or by
the '\caption' command inside of a '\figure' or '\table' environment
-(*note figure:: and *note table::). Thus, where the base file is
+(*note figure:: and *note table::). Thus, where the root file is
'thesis.tex', and contains the declaration '\tableofcontents', the
command '\chapter{Chapter One}' produces something like this in the file
'thesis.toc'.
@@ -15501,8 +15507,9 @@
Note that the 'hyperref' package changes the definition of
'\contentsline' (and '\addcontentsline') to add more arguments, to make
hyperlinks. This is the source of the error 'Argument of \contentsline
-has an extra }'. Fix this error by deleting the '.toc' or '.lof' or
-'.lot' file, and running LaTeX again.
+has an extra }' when one adds/remove the use of package 'hyperref' and a
+compilation was already run. Fix this error by deleting the '.toc' or
+'.lof' or '.lot' file, and running LaTeX again.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \nofiles, Next: \numberline, Prev: \contentsline, Up: Table of contents etc.
@@ -15546,23 +15553,23 @@
'\contentsline' command to typeset the section number (*note
\contentsline::).
- For example, this line in a '.toc' file causes the '1' to be typeset
-flush left.
+ For example, this line in a '.toc' file causes the '1.1' to be
+typeset flush left.
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Motivation}{2}
By default, LaTeX typesets the section numbers in a box of length
'\@tempdima'. That length is set by the commands '\l at section',
'\l at subsection', etc. Put section numbers inside a natural-width box
-with '\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}'.
+with '\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}' before '\tableofcontents'.
This command is fragile, so you may need to precede it with
'\protect' (*note \protect::). An example is the use of '\protect' in
the command
'\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Summary}' to get
-the '\numberline' into this command in the '.toc' file: '\contentsline
-{section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}' (the page number '6' is
-automatically added by LaTeX; *note \addcontentsline::).
+the '\numberline' into the '\contentsline' command in the '.toc' file:
+'\contentsline {section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}' (the page number '6'
+is automatically added by LaTeX; *note \addcontentsline::).
File: latex2e.info, Node: Indexes, Next: Glossaries, Prev: Table of contents etc., Up: Front/back matter
@@ -17099,18 +17106,28 @@
pdflatex -jobname=teachers "\def\teachers{}\input{main}"
The 'jobname' option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called 'main.pdf' and the second would overwrite the first. (See the
+called 'main.pdf', and the second would overwrite the first. (See the
next section.)
- In this example, we pass the 'draft' option to the 'graphicx'
-package:
+ In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named 'mybook.tex' and structured like
+this.
- pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\input{aa.tex}"
+ \documentclass{book}
+ \begin{document}
+ ...
+ \include{chap1}
+ \include{chap2}
+ ...
+ \end{document}
-so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
+the command line
+ pdflatex "\includeonly{chap1}\input{mybook}"
+
+will give output that has the first chapter but no other. *Note
+Splitting the input::.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Jobname, Next: Recovering from errors, Prev: Command line input, Up: Command line interface
@@ -17803,11 +17820,11 @@
* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 108)
* \fbox: \fbox & \framebox. (line 6)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture). (line 31)
-* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 39)
-* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 38)
+* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 38)
+* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 37)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture). (line 31)
-* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 44)
-* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 43)
+* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 43)
+* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 42)
* \fill: \hfill. (line 18)
* \flat: Math symbols. (line 215)
* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 98)
@@ -19252,9 +19269,9 @@
* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 33)
* fraction: \frac. (line 6)
* fragile commands: \protect. (line 6)
-* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 39)
-* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 39)
-* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 44)
+* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 38)
+* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 38)
+* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 43)
* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 33)
* front matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
(line 6)
@@ -19321,7 +19338,8 @@
* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* hyperref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 57)
* hyperref package <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 45)
-* hyperref package <3>: Command line input. (line 14)
+* hyperref package <3>: \contentsline. (line 37)
+* hyperref package <4>: Command line input. (line 14)
* hyphen character, non-breaking: Text symbols. (line 160)
* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6)
* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6)
@@ -19752,7 +19770,8 @@
* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, hyperref <1>: \footnotemark. (line 57)
* package, hyperref <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 45)
-* package, hyperref <3>: Command line input. (line 14)
+* package, hyperref <3>: \contentsline. (line 37)
+* package, hyperref <4>: Command line input. (line 14)
* package, indentfirst: \part. (line 50)
* package, indentfirst <1>: \chapter. (line 58)
* package, indentfirst <2>: \section. (line 60)
@@ -19817,6 +19836,7 @@
(line 111)
* package, tocloft: Table of contents etc..
(line 111)
+* package, tocloft <1>: \contentsline. (line 34)
* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
(line 15)
* package, unicode-math: Greek letters. (line 37)
@@ -20194,6 +20214,7 @@
* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 81)
* tocloft package: Table of contents etc..
(line 111)
+* tocloft package <1>: \contentsline. (line 34)
* today's date: \today. (line 6)
* tombstone: \rule. (line 13)
* topmargin: Page layout parameters.
@@ -20566,271 +20587,271 @@
Node: \refstepcounter328407
Node: \stepcounter329076
Node: \day & \month & \year329629
-Node: Lengths330440
-Node: Units of length335028
-Ref: units of length pt335231
-Ref: units of length pc335331
-Ref: units of length in335354
-Ref: units of length bp335380
-Ref: units of length cm335511
-Ref: units of length mm335533
-Ref: units of length dd335555
-Ref: units of length cc335587
-Ref: units of length sp335612
-Ref: Lengths/em335643
-Ref: Lengths/en335643
-Ref: Lengths/ex335643
-Ref: units of length em335643
-Ref: units of length en335643
-Ref: units of length ex335643
-Node: \setlength336499
-Node: \addtolength337682
-Node: \settodepth339105
-Node: \settoheight340093
-Node: \settowidth341091
-Node: \stretch342096
-Node: Expressions343298
-Node: Making paragraphs348080
-Node: \par350409
-Node: \indent & \noindent352455
-Node: \parindent & \parskip353990
-Node: Marginal notes355297
-Ref: marginal notes marginparpush356693
-Ref: marginal notes marginparsep356867
-Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth356999
-Node: Math formulas357348
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts360396
-Node: Math symbols362557
-Node: Arrows386328
-Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath387516
-Node: Blackboard bold389035
-Node: Calligraphic389837
-Node: Delimiters390368
-Node: \left & \right392556
-Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.396564
-Node: Dots399317
-Ref: ellipses cdots399748
-Ref: ellipses ddots399893
-Ref: ellipses ldots399974
-Ref: ellipses vdots400391
-Node: Greek letters401575
-Node: Math functions403254
-Node: Math accents404898
-Node: Over- and Underlining405797
-Node: Spacing in math mode407624
-Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace408555
-Ref: spacing in math mode medspace409006
-Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace409462
-Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace409462
-Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace409943
-Ref: spacing in math mode quad410316
-Ref: spacing in math mode qquad410572
-Node: \smash410910
-Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom413127
-Node: \mathstrut415701
-Node: Math styles416663
-Node: Math miscellany419403
-Node: Colon character & \colon419900
-Node: \*420593
-Node: \frac421173
-Node: \sqrt421544
-Node: \stackrel422130
-Node: Modes422403
-Ref: modes paragraph mode422853
-Ref: modes lr mode423165
-Ref: modes math mode423771
-Ref: modes vertical mode424106
-Ref: modes internal vertical mode424324
-Ref: modes inner paragraph mode424847
-Ref: modes outer paragraph mode424847
-Node: \ensuremath425261
-Node: Page styles425966
-Node: \maketitle426729
-Node: \pagenumbering429747
-Node: \pagestyle431735
-Node: \thispagestyle435237
-Node: Spaces436191
-Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad437511
-Node: \hspace438426
-Node: \hfill440283
-Node: \hss441347
-Node: \spacefactor442041
-Node: \@445448
-Ref: \AT445568
-Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing447508
-Ref: \frenchspacing447626
-Node: \normalsfcodes448428
-Node: \(SPACE)448696
-Ref: Leading blanks450636
-Node: ~450949
-Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace453526
-Node: \/454724
-Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill456682
-Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip458038
-Ref: bigskip458856
-Ref: medskip459060
-Ref: smallskip459269
-Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak459930
-Node: \strut460916
-Node: \vspace464153
-Node: \vfill465714
-Node: \addvspace466642
-Node: Boxes468688
-Node: \mbox & \makebox469394
-Ref: mbox makebox depth470662
-Ref: mbox makebox height470662
-Ref: mbox makebox width470662
-Ref: mbox makebox totalheight470662
-Node: \fbox & \framebox472757
-Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule474071
-Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep474261
-Node: \parbox475351
-Node: \raisebox477657
-Ref: raisebox depth478630
-Ref: raisebox height478630
-Ref: raisebox width478630
-Ref: raisebox totalheight478630
-Node: \sbox & \savebox479331
-Node: lrbox482393
-Node: \usebox483279
-Node: Color483718
-Node: Color package options484517
-Node: Color models486163
-Ref: color models cmyk486960
-Ref: color models gray487323
-Ref: color models rgb487472
-Ref: color models RGB487809
-Ref: color models named488184
-Node: Commands for color488472
-Node: Define colors488887
-Node: Colored text489612
-Node: Colored boxes492009
-Node: Colored pages493398
-Node: Graphics494091
-Node: Graphics package options496218
-Node: Graphics package configuration498971
-Node: \graphicspath499773
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions502731
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule504549
-Node: Commands for graphics507730
-Node: \includegraphics508235
-Ref: includegraphics width513298
-Ref: includegraphics height513831
-Ref: includegraphics totalheight514237
-Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio514501
-Ref: includegraphics viewport516187
-Ref: includegraphics trim516582
-Ref: includegraphics clip517038
-Ref: includegraphics page517298
-Ref: includegraphics pagebox517389
-Ref: includegraphics interpolate518254
-Ref: includegraphics quiet518459
-Ref: includegraphics draft518620
-Ref: includegraphics bb519425
-Ref: includegraphics bbllx519823
-Ref: includegraphics bblly519823
-Ref: includegraphics bburx519823
-Ref: includegraphics bbury519823
-Ref: includegraphics natwidth519965
-Ref: includegraphics natheight519965
-Ref: includegraphics hiresbb520151
-Ref: includegraphics type520913
-Ref: includegraphics ext520953
-Ref: includegraphics read521056
-Ref: includegraphics command521173
-Node: \rotatebox521419
-Node: \scalebox524273
-Node: \resizebox525329
-Node: Special insertions526521
-Node: Reserved characters527389
-Node: Upper and lower case528649
-Node: Symbols by font position531035
-Node: Text symbols531714
-Node: Accents536698
-Node: \accent538851
-Node: Additional Latin letters540613
-Ref: Non-English characters540795
-Node: inputenc package541814
-Node: \rule544364
-Node: \today545552
-Node: Splitting the input546488
-Node: \endinput548230
-Node: \include & \includeonly549533
-Node: \input553830
-Node: Front/back matter555045
-Node: Table of contents etc.555378
-Node: \@dottedtocline561083
-Node: \addcontentsline562629
-Node: \addtocontents565507
-Node: \contentsline567724
-Node: \nofiles569417
-Node: \numberline570168
-Node: Indexes571283
-Node: \index573997
-Node: makeindex579102
-Ref: makeindex preamble580770
-Ref: makeindex postamble580910
-Ref: makeindex group skip580995
-Ref: makeindex letheadflag581328
-Ref: makeindex lethead prefix581789
-Ref: makeindex lethead suffix581941
-Ref: makeindex item 0582089
-Ref: makeindex item 1582169
-Ref: makeindex item 2582244
-Ref: makeindex item 01582322
-Ref: makeindex item x1582427
-Ref: makeindex item 12582632
-Ref: makeindex item x2582740
-Ref: makeindex delim 0582900
-Ref: makeindex delim 1583030
-Ref: makeindex delim 2583160
-Ref: makeindex delim n583286
-Ref: makeindex delim r583421
-Ref: makeindex line max583529
-Ref: makeindex indent space583664
-Ref: makeindex indent length583759
-Ref: makeindex page precedence583944
-Node: \printindex584979
-Node: Glossaries585452
-Node: \newglossaryentry587419
-Node: \gls588886
-Node: Letters589680
-Node: \address593298
-Node: \cc594109
-Node: \closing594551
-Node: \encl594865
-Node: \location595279
-Node: \makelabels595543
-Node: \name597860
-Node: \opening598101
-Node: \ps598382
-Node: \signature598671
-Node: \telephone599899
-Node: Input/output600264
-Node: \openin & \openout600994
-Node: \read603737
-Node: \typein604924
-Node: \typeout606184
-Node: \write607234
-Node: \write and security611961
-Node: \message612905
-Node: \wlog614734
-Node: \write18615235
-Node: Command line interface618726
-Ref: Command line618890
-Node: Command line options621043
-Ref: interaction modes622046
-Ref: output directory623000
-Node: Command line input624699
-Node: Jobname626730
-Node: Recovering from errors629872
-Node: Document templates631300
-Node: beamer template631734
-Node: article template632376
-Node: book template632839
-Node: Larger book template633318
-Node: Index634860
-Ref: Command Index634946
+Node: Lengths330538
+Node: Units of length335126
+Ref: units of length pt335329
+Ref: units of length pc335429
+Ref: units of length in335452
+Ref: units of length bp335478
+Ref: units of length cm335609
+Ref: units of length mm335631
+Ref: units of length dd335653
+Ref: units of length cc335685
+Ref: units of length sp335710
+Ref: Lengths/em335741
+Ref: Lengths/en335741
+Ref: Lengths/ex335741
+Ref: units of length em335741
+Ref: units of length en335741
+Ref: units of length ex335741
+Node: \setlength336597
+Node: \addtolength337780
+Node: \settodepth339203
+Node: \settoheight340191
+Node: \settowidth341189
+Node: \stretch342194
+Node: Expressions343396
+Node: Making paragraphs348178
+Node: \par350507
+Node: \indent & \noindent352553
+Node: \parindent & \parskip354088
+Node: Marginal notes355395
+Ref: marginal notes marginparpush356791
+Ref: marginal notes marginparsep356965
+Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth357097
+Node: Math formulas357446
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts360494
+Node: Math symbols362655
+Node: Arrows386426
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath387614
+Node: Blackboard bold389133
+Node: Calligraphic389935
+Node: Delimiters390466
+Node: \left & \right392654
+Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.396662
+Node: Dots399415
+Ref: ellipses cdots399846
+Ref: ellipses ddots399991
+Ref: ellipses ldots400072
+Ref: ellipses vdots400489
+Node: Greek letters401673
+Node: Math functions403352
+Node: Math accents404996
+Node: Over- and Underlining405895
+Node: Spacing in math mode407722
+Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace408653
+Ref: spacing in math mode medspace409104
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace409560
+Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace409560
+Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace410041
+Ref: spacing in math mode quad410414
+Ref: spacing in math mode qquad410670
+Node: \smash411008
+Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom413225
+Node: \mathstrut415799
+Node: Math styles416761
+Node: Math miscellany419501
+Node: Colon character & \colon419998
+Node: \*420691
+Node: \frac421271
+Node: \sqrt421642
+Node: \stackrel422228
+Node: Modes422501
+Ref: modes paragraph mode422951
+Ref: modes lr mode423263
+Ref: modes math mode423869
+Ref: modes vertical mode424204
+Ref: modes internal vertical mode424422
+Ref: modes inner paragraph mode424945
+Ref: modes outer paragraph mode424945
+Node: \ensuremath425359
+Node: Page styles426064
+Node: \maketitle426827
+Node: \pagenumbering429845
+Node: \pagestyle431833
+Node: \thispagestyle435335
+Node: Spaces436289
+Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad437609
+Node: \hspace438524
+Node: \hfill440381
+Node: \hss441445
+Node: \spacefactor442139
+Node: \@445546
+Ref: \AT445666
+Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing447606
+Ref: \frenchspacing447724
+Node: \normalsfcodes448526
+Node: \(SPACE)448794
+Ref: Leading blanks450734
+Node: ~451047
+Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace453624
+Node: \/454822
+Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill456780
+Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip458136
+Ref: bigskip458954
+Ref: medskip459158
+Ref: smallskip459367
+Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak460028
+Node: \strut461014
+Node: \vspace464251
+Node: \vfill465812
+Node: \addvspace466740
+Node: Boxes468786
+Node: \mbox & \makebox469492
+Ref: mbox makebox depth470760
+Ref: mbox makebox height470760
+Ref: mbox makebox width470760
+Ref: mbox makebox totalheight470760
+Node: \fbox & \framebox472855
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule474162
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep474352
+Node: \parbox475454
+Node: \raisebox477760
+Ref: raisebox depth478733
+Ref: raisebox height478733
+Ref: raisebox width478733
+Ref: raisebox totalheight478733
+Node: \sbox & \savebox479434
+Node: lrbox482496
+Node: \usebox483382
+Node: Color483821
+Node: Color package options484620
+Node: Color models486266
+Ref: color models cmyk487063
+Ref: color models gray487426
+Ref: color models rgb487575
+Ref: color models RGB487912
+Ref: color models named488287
+Node: Commands for color488575
+Node: Define colors488990
+Node: Colored text489715
+Node: Colored boxes492112
+Node: Colored pages493501
+Node: Graphics494194
+Node: Graphics package options496321
+Node: Graphics package configuration499074
+Node: \graphicspath499876
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions502834
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule504652
+Node: Commands for graphics507833
+Node: \includegraphics508338
+Ref: includegraphics width513401
+Ref: includegraphics height513934
+Ref: includegraphics totalheight514340
+Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio514604
+Ref: includegraphics viewport516290
+Ref: includegraphics trim516685
+Ref: includegraphics clip517141
+Ref: includegraphics page517401
+Ref: includegraphics pagebox517492
+Ref: includegraphics interpolate518357
+Ref: includegraphics quiet518562
+Ref: includegraphics draft518723
+Ref: includegraphics bb519528
+Ref: includegraphics bbllx519926
+Ref: includegraphics bblly519926
+Ref: includegraphics bburx519926
+Ref: includegraphics bbury519926
+Ref: includegraphics natwidth520068
+Ref: includegraphics natheight520068
+Ref: includegraphics hiresbb520254
+Ref: includegraphics type521016
+Ref: includegraphics ext521056
+Ref: includegraphics read521159
+Ref: includegraphics command521276
+Node: \rotatebox521522
+Node: \scalebox524376
+Node: \resizebox525432
+Node: Special insertions526624
+Node: Reserved characters527492
+Node: Upper and lower case528752
+Node: Symbols by font position531138
+Node: Text symbols531817
+Node: Accents536801
+Node: \accent538954
+Node: Additional Latin letters540716
+Ref: Non-English characters540898
+Node: inputenc package541917
+Node: \rule544467
+Node: \today545655
+Node: Splitting the input546591
+Node: \endinput548333
+Node: \include & \includeonly549636
+Node: \input553933
+Node: Front/back matter555148
+Node: Table of contents etc.555481
+Node: \@dottedtocline561186
+Node: \addcontentsline562773
+Node: \addtocontents565836
+Node: \contentsline568053
+Node: \nofiles569831
+Node: \numberline570582
+Node: Indexes571740
+Node: \index574454
+Node: makeindex579559
+Ref: makeindex preamble581227
+Ref: makeindex postamble581367
+Ref: makeindex group skip581452
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag581785
+Ref: makeindex lethead prefix582246
+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix582398
+Ref: makeindex item 0582546
+Ref: makeindex item 1582626
+Ref: makeindex item 2582701
+Ref: makeindex item 01582779
+Ref: makeindex item x1582884
+Ref: makeindex item 12583089
+Ref: makeindex item x2583197
+Ref: makeindex delim 0583357
+Ref: makeindex delim 1583487
+Ref: makeindex delim 2583617
+Ref: makeindex delim n583743
+Ref: makeindex delim r583878
+Ref: makeindex line max583986
+Ref: makeindex indent space584121
+Ref: makeindex indent length584216
+Ref: makeindex page precedence584401
+Node: \printindex585436
+Node: Glossaries585909
+Node: \newglossaryentry587876
+Node: \gls589343
+Node: Letters590137
+Node: \address593755
+Node: \cc594566
+Node: \closing595008
+Node: \encl595322
+Node: \location595736
+Node: \makelabels596000
+Node: \name598317
+Node: \opening598558
+Node: \ps598839
+Node: \signature599128
+Node: \telephone600356
+Node: Input/output600721
+Node: \openin & \openout601451
+Node: \read604194
+Node: \typein605381
+Node: \typeout606641
+Node: \write607691
+Node: \write and security612418
+Node: \message613362
+Node: \wlog615191
+Node: \write18615692
+Node: Command line interface619183
+Ref: Command line619347
+Node: Command line options621500
+Ref: interaction modes622503
+Ref: output directory623457
+Node: Command line input625156
+Node: Jobname627271
+Node: Recovering from errors630413
+Node: Document templates631841
+Node: beamer template632275
+Node: article template632917
+Node: book template633380
+Node: Larger book template633859
+Node: Index635401
+Ref: Command Index635487
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -21577,76 +21577,34 @@
@noindent
The @code{jobname} option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called @file{main.pdf} and the second would overwrite the first. (See
+called @file{main.pdf}, and the second would overwrite the first. (See
the next section.)
-In this example, we pass the @code{draft} option to the
- at file{graphicx} package:
+In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named @file{mybook.tex} and structured
+like this.
@example
-pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage@{draft@}@{graphicx@}\input@{aa.tex@}"
- at end example
-
- at noindent
-so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
-
- at c xx to be translated to English.
- at ignore
-Un autre exemple classique est de cribler certains chapitres à la
-compilation en les passant à @code{\includeonly} dans la ligne de
-commande. Ainsi, supposons qu'on a un fichier racine @file{livre.tex}
-ainsi formé :
-
- at example
\documentclass@{book@}
\begin@{document@}
-\frontmatter
-\include@{pref@}
-\mainmatter
+ ...
\include@{chap1@}
\include@{chap2@}
-\appendix
-\include@{append@}
-\backmatter
-\include@{bib@}
+ ...
\end@{document@}
@end example
-En compilant @file{livre.tex} avec la ligne de commande suivante :
-
- at example
-pdflatex '\includeonly@{chap1@}\input@{livre@}
- at end example
-
@noindent
-seul le chapitre contenu dans @file{chap1.tex} sera produit en
-sortie. @xref{Splitting the input}.
+the command line
-Dans ce dernier exemple, on force la date au 14 juillet 1789 :
-
@example
-pdflatex '\day=14 \month=7 \year=1789 \input revolution'
+pdflatex "\includeonly@{chap1@}\input@{mybook@}"
@end example
-Ainsi, si le fichier @file{revolution.tex} contient ceci :
-
- at example
-\documentclass[french]@{minimal@}
-\usepackage@{babel@}
-\begin@{document@}
-\today\ c'est la Révolution~!
-\end@{document@}
- at end example
-
@noindent
-alors vous aurez en sortie un truc du genre :
+will give output that has the first chapter but no other
+chapter. @xref{Splitting the input}.
- at example
-14 juillet 1789 c'est la Révolution !
- at end example
- at end ignore
@node Jobname
@section Jobname
Modified: trunk/latex2e.txt
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.txt 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.txt 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@
11.6 Footnotes of footnotes
12 Definitions
12.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
+ 12.1.1 Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
12.2 '\providecommand'
12.3 '\makeatletter' & '\makeatother'
12.4 '\@ifstar'
@@ -221,12 +222,13 @@
16.6.1 '\smash'
16.6.2 '\phantom' & '\vphantom' & '\hphantom'
16.6.3 '\mathstrut'
- 16.7 Math miscellany
- 16.7.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
- 16.7.2 '\*'
- 16.7.3 '\frac'
- 16.7.4 '\sqrt'
- 16.7.5 '\stackrel'
+ 16.7 Math styles
+ 16.8 Math miscellany
+ 16.8.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
+ 16.8.2 '\*'
+ 16.8.3 '\frac'
+ 16.8.4 '\sqrt'
+ 16.8.5 '\stackrel'
17 Modes
17.1 '\ensuremath'
18 Page styles
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@
19.4 '\hss'
19.5 '\spacefactor'
19.5.1 '\@'
- 19.5.2 '\frenchspacing'
+ 19.5.2 '\frenchspacing' & '\nonfrenchspacing'
19.5.3 '\normalsfcodes'
19.6 Backslash-space, '\ '
19.7 '~'
@@ -1311,7 +1313,7 @@
'\accent' (*note \accent::) but this disables hyphenation. TeX users
have agreed on a number of standards to access the larger sets of
characters provided by modern fonts. If you are using 'pdflatex' then
-this in the preamble
+put this in the preamble
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
@@ -1861,6 +1863,17 @@
end of the current group, so you could enclose it in curly braces
'{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}'.
+ Trying to use these commands in math, as with '$\small mv^2/2$',
+results in 'LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small invalid in math mode',
+and the font size doesn't change. To work with a too-large formula,
+often the best option is to use the 'displaymath' environment (*note
+Math formulas::), or one of the environments from the 'amsmath' package.
+For inline mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is
+something like '{\small $mv^2/2$}'. (Sometimes '\scriptsize' and
+'\scriptstyle' are confused. Both change the font size, but the latter
+also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is typset.
+*Note Math styles::.)
+
An "environment form" of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'. However, in practice this form
can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or end of the
@@ -6815,11 +6828,11 @@
'Underfull \vbox (badness 10000) has occurred while \output is active'.
*Note \newpage::, for a command that does not have these effects.
- (There is an obsolete command '\samepage', which tries to restrict
-the automatic page breaking mechanism so that a break will only happen
-between two paragraphs. There is a related environment 'samepage', also
-obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For more on keeping material
-on the same page, see the FAQ entry <https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk>.)
+ (There is an obsolete declaration '\samepage', which tries to only
+allow a break between two paragraphs. There is a related environment
+'samepage', also obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For more on
+keeping material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
+<https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk>.)
11 Footnotes
************
@@ -7120,9 +7133,9 @@
CMD
- Required; the command name. It must begin with a backslash, '\',
- and must not begin with the four letter string '\end'. For
- '\newcommand', it must not be already defined. For
+ Required; '\CMD' is the command name. It must begin with a
+ backslash, '\', and must not begin with the four character string
+ '\end'. For '\newcommand', it must not be already defined. For
'\renewcommand', this name must already be defined.
NARGS
@@ -7157,10 +7170,10 @@
default value if there is an optional argument and you don't
exercise the option).
- TeX ignores spaces in the source following an alphabetic control
-sequence, as in '\cmd '. If you actually want a space there, one
-solution is to type '{}' after the command ('\cmd{} ', and another
-solution is to use an explicit control space ('\cmd\ ').
+ TeX ignores blanks in the source following a control word (*note
+Control sequences::), as in '\cmd '. If you actually want a space
+there, one solution is to type '{}' after the command ('\cmd{} ', and
+another solution is to use an explicit control space ('\cmd\ ').
A simple example of defining a new command: '\newcommand{\RS}{Robin
Smith}' results in '\RS' being replaced by the longer text. Redefining
@@ -7173,14 +7186,14 @@
redefine a command and the name has not yet been used then you get
something like 'LaTeX Error: \hank undefined'.
- Here the first command definition has no arguments, and the second
-has one required argument.
+ Here the first definition creates a command with no arguments, and
+the second, one with one required argument.
\newcommand{\student}{Ms~O'Leary}
\newcommand{\defref}[1]{Definition~\ref{#1}}
Use the first as in 'I highly recommend \student{} to you'. The second
-has a variable, so that '\defref{def:basis}' expands to
+has a variable argument, so that '\defref{def:basis}' expands to
'Definition~\ref{def:basis}', which ultimately expands to something like
'Definition~3.14'.
@@ -7215,6 +7228,38 @@
put another pair of braces inside the definition:
'\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}'.
+12.1.1 Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+When reading input TeX converts the sequences of read characters into a
+sequence of "tokens". When TeX sees a backslash '\', it will handle the
+following characters in a special way in order to make a "control
+sequence" token.
+
+ The control sequences fall into two catagories:
+
+ * "control word", when the control sequence is gathered from a '\'
+ followed by at least one ASCII letter, followed by at least one
+ blank. The sequence of at least one ASCII letter is called the
+ "control sequence name".
+ * "control symbol", when the control sequence is gathered from a '\'
+ followed by one non-letter character.
+
+ Blanks after a control word are ignored and do not produce any
+whitespace in the ouput (*note \newcommand & \renewcommand:: and *note
+\(SPACE)::).
+
+ Just as the '\relax' command does nothing, the following will print
+'Hello!'--if you use the Emacs info viewer, turn on the whitespace-mode
+minor mode to see the trailing spaces:
+
+ Hel\relax
+ lo!
+
+This is because blanks after '\relax', including the newline are
+ignored, and blanks at the beginning of a line are also ignored (*note
+Leading blanks::).
+
12.2 '\providecommand'
======================
@@ -7407,20 +7452,22 @@
Synopsis:
- \newlength{ARG}
+ \newlength{\LEN}
Allocate a new length register (*note Lengths::). The required
-argument ARG must begin with a backslash, '\'. The new register holds
-rubber lengths such as '72.27pt' or '1in plus.2in minus.1in' (a LaTeX
-length register is what plain TeX calls a 'skip' register). The initial
-value is zero. The control sequence '\ARG' must not be already defined.
+argument '\LEN' has to be a control sequence (*note Control
+sequences::), and as such must begin with a backslash, '\' under normal
+circumstances. The new register holds rubber lengths such as '72.27pt'
+or '1in plus.2in minus.1in' (a LaTeX length register is what plain TeX
+calls a 'skip' register). The initial value is zero. The control
+sequence '\LEN' must not be already defined.
An example:
\newlength{\graphichgt}
If you forget the backslash then you get 'Missing control sequence
-inserted'. If the command sequence already exists then you get
+inserted'. If the control sequence already exists then you get
something like 'LaTeX Error: Command \graphichgt already defined. Or
name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual'.
@@ -8119,8 +8166,8 @@
LaTeX defines the counter '\day' for the day of the month (nominally
with value between 1 and 31), '\month' for the month of the year
-(nominally with value between 1 and 12), and year '\year'. When TeX
-starts up, they are set from the current values on the system. The
+(nominally with value between 1 and 12), and '\year' for the year. When
+TeX starts up, they are set from the current values on the system. The
related command '\today' produces a string representing the current day
(*note \today::).
@@ -8133,6 +8180,9 @@
gives no error or warning and results in the output '-2, -4' (the bogus
month value produces no output).
+ *Note Command line input::, to force the date to a given valye from
+the command line.
+
14 Lengths
**********
@@ -8285,12 +8335,14 @@
Synopsis:
- \setlength{LEN}{AMOUNT}
+ \setlength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
- Set the length LEN to AMOUNT. The length name LEN must begin with a
-backslash, '\'. The 'amount' can be a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
-It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in any units that LaTeX
-understands (*note Units of length::).
+ Set the length \LEN to AMOUNT. The length name '\LEN' has to be a
+control sequence (*note Control sequences::), and as such must begin
+with a backslash, '\' under normal circumstances. The AMOUNT can be a
+rubber length (*note Lengths::). It can be positive, negative or zero,
+and can be in any units that LaTeX understands (*note Units of
+length::).
Below, with LaTeX's defaults the first paragraph will be indented
while the second will not.
@@ -8300,8 +8352,8 @@
\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
He said stop going to those places.
- If you did not declare LEN with '\newlength', for example if you
-mistype the above as
+ If you did not declare \LEN with '\newlength', for example if you
+mistype it as in
'\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}', then you
get an error like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument> \sepcindent'.
If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name then you get
@@ -8313,12 +8365,14 @@
Synopsis:
- \addtolength{LEN}{AMOUNT}
+ \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
- Increment the length LEN by AMOUNT. The length name LEN begins with
-a backslash, '\'. The 'amount' is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
-It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in any units that LaTeX
-understands (*note Units of length::).
+ Increment the length \LEN by AMOUNT. The length name '\LEN' has to
+be a control sequence (*note Control sequences::), and as such must
+begin with a backslash, '\' under normal circumstances. The AMOUNT is a
+rubber length (*note Lengths::). It can be positive, negative or zero,
+and can be in any units that LaTeX understands (*note Units of
+length::).
Below, if '\parskip' starts with the value '0pt plus 1pt'
@@ -8329,11 +8383,15 @@
then it has the value '1pt plus 1pt' for the second paragraph.
- If you did not declare the length LEN with '\newlength', if for
-example you mistype the above as
+ If you did not declare \LEN with '\newlength', for example if you
+mistype it as in
+'\newlength{\specparindent}\addtolength{\sepcparindent}{...}', then you
+get an error like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument> \sepcindent'.
+If the AMOUNT uses some length that has not been declared, for instance
+if for example you mistype the above as
'\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}', then you get something
like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent'. If you leave
-off the backslash at the start of LEN, as in
+off the backslash at the start of \LEN, as in
'\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}', then you get something like 'You can't
use `the letter p' after \advance'.
@@ -8342,22 +8400,23 @@
Synopsis:
- \settodepth{LEN}{TEXT}
+ \settodepth{\LEN}{TEXT}
- Set the length LEN to the depth of box that LaTeX gets on typesetting
-the TEXT argument. The length name LEN must begin with a backslash,
-'\'.
+ Set the length \LEN to the depth of box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the TEXT argument. The length name '\LEN' has to be a
+control sequence (*note Control sequences::), and as such must begin
+with a backslash, '\' under normal circumstances.
- This will show how low the character descenders go.
+ This will print how low the character descenders go.
\newlength{\alphabetdepth}
\settodepth{\alphabetdepth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetdepth
- If you did not set aside the length LEN, if for example you mistype
-the above as '\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}', then you get
+ If you did not declare \LEN with '\newlength', if for example you
+mistype the above as '\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}', then you get
something like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument> \aplhabetdepth'.
-If you leave the backslash out of LEN, as in
+If you leave the backslash out of \LEN, as in
'\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}' then you get something like 'Missing
number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox'.
@@ -8366,22 +8425,23 @@
Synopsis:
- \settoheight{LEN}{text}
+ \settoheight{\LEN}{text}
- Sets the length LEN to the height of box that LaTeX gets on
-typesetting the 'text' argument. The length name LEN must begin with a
-backslash, '\'.
+ Sets the length \LEN to the height of box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the 'text' argument. The length name '\LEN' has to be a
+control sequence (*note Control sequences::), and as such must begin
+with a backslash, '\' under normal circumstances.
- This will show how high the characters go.
+ This will print how high the characters go.
\newlength{\alphabetheight}
\settoheight{\alphabetheight}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetheight
- If no such length LEN has been declared with '\newlength', if for
+ If no such length \LEN has been declared with '\newlength', if for
example you mistype as '\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}', then you
get something like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument>
-\alphabetheight'. If you leave the backslash out of LEN, as in
+\alphabetheight'. If you leave the backslash out of \LEN, as in
'\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}' then you get something like 'Missing
number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox'.
@@ -8390,22 +8450,23 @@
Synopsis:
- \settowidth{LEN}{TEXT}
+ \settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}
- Set the length LEN to the width of the box that LaTeX gets on
-typesetting the TEXT argument. The length name LEN must begin with a
-backslash, '\'.
+ Set the length \LEN to the width of the box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the TEXT argument. The length name '\LEN' has to be a
+control sequence (*note Control sequences::), and as such must begin
+with a backslash, '\' under normal circumstances.
- This measures the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
+ This prints the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
\newlength{\alphabetwidth}
\settowidth{\alphabetwidth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\the\alphabetwidth
- If no such length LEN has been set aside, if for example you mistype
-the above as '\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}', then you get
-something like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument> \aplhabetwidth'.
-If you leave the backslash out of LEN, as in
+ If no such length \LEN has been declared with '\newlength', if for
+example you mistype the above as '\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}',
+then you get something like 'Undefined control sequence. <argument>
+\aplhabetwidth'. If you leave the backslash out of \LEN, as in
'\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}' then you get something like 'Missing
number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox'.
@@ -8544,8 +8605,8 @@
********************
To start a paragraph, just type some text. To end the current
-paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, separated by
-two empty lines.
+paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, the
+separatation of which is made by two empty lines.
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
@@ -8558,15 +8619,32 @@
``My dear Mr. Bennet,'' said his lady to him one day,
``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
- The separator lines must be empty, including not containing a comment
-character, '%'.
+ The paragraph separator can be made of any sequence of at least one
+blank line, amongst which at least one is not terminated by a comment.
+A blank line is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters
+such as space or tab. Comments in source code are started with a '%'
+and span up to the end of line. In the following example the two
+columns are identical:
+ \documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ First paragraph.
+
+ Second paragraph.
+ \newpage
+ First paragraph.
+
+ % separator lines may contain blank characters.
+
+ Second paragraph.
+ \end{document}
+
Once LaTeX has gathered all of a paragraph's contents it divides that
content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
(*note Line breaking::).
There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don't put a
-blank line in math mode (*note Modes::); here the line before the
+blank line in math mode (*note Modes::); here the blank line before the
'\end{equation}'
\begin{equation}
@@ -8575,7 +8653,7 @@
\end{equation}
will get you the error 'Missing $ inserted'. Similarly, the blank line
-in this 'section' argument
+in this '\section' argument
\section{aaa
@@ -8587,8 +8665,8 @@
15.1 '\par'
===========
-Synopsis (note that while reading the input TeX converts two consecutive
-newlines to a '\par'):
+Synopsis (note that while reading the input TeX converts any sequence of
+one or more blank lines to a '\par', *note Making paragraphs::):
\par
@@ -8602,18 +8680,19 @@
\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{%
\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
- In LR mode or a vertical mode the '\par' command does nothing but it
-terminates paragraph mode, switching LaTeX to vertical mode (*note
-Modes::).
+ In LR mode the '\par' command does nothing and is ignored. In
+pragraph mode, the '\par' command terminates paragraph mode, switching
+LaTeX to vertical mode (*note Modes::).
You cannot use the '\par' command in a math mode. You also cannot
-use it in the argument of many commands, such as the '\section' command
-(*note Making paragraphs:: and *note \newcommand & \renewcommand::).
+use it in the argument of many commands, such as the sectionning
+commands, e.g. '\section' (*note Making paragraphs:: and *note
+\newcommand & \renewcommand::).
The '\par' command is not the same as the '\paragraph' command. The
-latter is, like '\section' or '\subsection', a sectioning unit used by
-the standard LaTeX documents (*note \subsubsection & \paragraph &
-\subparagraph::).
+latter is, like '\section' or '\subsection', a sectioning command used
+by the LaTeX document standard classes (*note \subsubsection &
+\paragraph & \subparagraph::).
The '\par' command is not the same as '\newline' or the line break
double backslash, '\\'. The difference is that '\par' ends the
@@ -8825,31 +8904,6 @@
'\begin{displaymath} MATH \end{displaymath}'. These environments can
only be used in paragraph mode (*note Modes::).
- The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some
-differences. One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts;
-in display math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they
-are closer together.
-
- Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen
-in the inline math mode. For this, the '\displaystyle' declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of 'displaymath'.
-Thus '\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n\)' will have the limits
-above and below the summation sign, not next to it. Another example is
-that
-
- \begin{tabular}{r|cc}
- \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
- Arithmetic &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
- &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}\) \\
- Geometric &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1} \)
- &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}\) \\
- \end{tabular}
-
-because it has no '\displaystyle', the 'Arithmetic' line's fraction will
-be scrunched. But, because of its '\displaystyle', the 'Geometric'
-line's fraction will be easy to read, with characters the same size as
-in the rest of the line.
-
The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
'amsmath' and 'amssymb' (also be aware of the 'mathtools' package that
@@ -10458,25 +10512,28 @@
something like 5/18 times the width of a 'M'.
'\;'
- Synonym: '\thickspace'. Normally '5.0mu plus 5.0mu'. With
- 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in
- text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+ Synonym: '\thickspace'. Normally '5.0mu plus 5.0mu'. With the
+ 'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
+ used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+ only.
+
'\negthickspace'
- Normally '-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'. With 'amsmath', or as of
- the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
- math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+ Normally '-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'. With the 'amsmath'
+ package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+ mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
'\:'
'\>'
Synonym: '\medspace'. Normally '4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.
- With 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used
- in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+ With the 'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
+ can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math
+ mode only.
'\negmedspace'
- Normally '-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'. With 'amsmath', or as of
- the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
- math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+ Normally '-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'. With the 'amsmath'
+ package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+ mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
'\,'
Synonym: '\thinspace'. Normally '3mu', which is 1/6em. Can be
@@ -10493,11 +10550,12 @@
\end{equation}
'\!'
- A negative thin space. Normally '-3mu'. With 'amsmath', or as of
- the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
- math mode; before that, The '\!' command is math mode only but the
- '\negthinspace' command has always worked in text mode (*note
- \thinspace & \negthinspace::).
+ Synonym: '\negthinspace'. A negative thin space. Normally '-3mu'.
+ With the 'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
+ can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, the '\!'
+ command is math mode only but the '\negthinspace' command has
+ always also worked in text mode (*note \thinspace &
+ \negthinspace::).
'\quad'
This is 18mu, that is, 1em. This is often used for space
@@ -10587,10 +10645,12 @@
The '\phantom' command creates a box with the same height, depth, and
width as SUBFORMULA, but empty. That is, this command causes LaTeX to
typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here LaTeX will
-put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer, but will not
+show that answer.
- \fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain}}
+ \begin{displaymath}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+ \end{displaymath}
The '\vphantom' variant produces an invisible box with the same
vertical size as SUBFORMULA, the same height and depth, but having zero
@@ -10652,13 +10712,81 @@
open parenthesis is just a convention; for complete control over the
amount of space, use '\rule' with a width of zero. *Note \rule::.
-16.7 Math miscellany
+16.7 Math styles
+================
+
+TeX's rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input '\sum_{0\leq
+i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}' will give output
+with the summation index centered below the summation symbol. But if
+that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right rather
+than below, so it won't push the lines apart. Similarly, in a displayed
+context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be larger
+than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+
+ TeX uses four math styles.
+
+ * Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such
+ as with '\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}'.
+
+ * Text style is for an inline formula, as with 'so we have $ ... $'.
+
+ * Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or
+ superscript.
+
+ * Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or
+ more) of subscripting or superscripting.
+
+ TeX determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of '\displaystyle', or '\textstyle', or '\scriptstyle', or
+'\scriptscriptstyle'.
+
+ In this example, the 'Arithmetic' line's fraction will look
+scrunched.
+
+ \begin{tabular}{r|cc}
+ \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
+ Arithmetic &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+ &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}$ \\
+ Geometric &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1}$
+ &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$ \\
+ \end{tabular}
+
+But because of the '\displaystyle' declaration, the 'Geometric' line's
+fraction will be easy to read, with characters the same size as in the
+rest of the line.
+
+ Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+
+ we get
+ $\pi=2\cdot{\displaystyle\int_{x=0}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2}\,dx}$
+
+will have an integral sign that is much taller. Note that here the
+'\displaystyle' applies to only part of the formula, and it is delimited
+by being inside curly braces, as '{\displaystyle ...}'.
+
+ The last example is a continued fraction.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ a_0+\frac{1}{
+ \displaystyle a_1+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_2+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_3}}}
+ \end{equation}
+
+Without the '\displaystyle' declarations, the denominators would be set
+in script style and scriptscript style. (The '\mathstrut' improves the
+height of the denominators; *note \mathstrut::.)
+
+16.8 Math miscellany
====================
LaTeX contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are some
that don't fit into other categories.
-16.7.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
+16.8.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
-------------------------------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10678,7 +10806,7 @@
definition of functions 'f\colon D\to C'. So if you want the colon
character as a punctuation then use '\mathpunct{:}'.
-16.7.2 '\*'
+16.8.2 '\*'
-----------
Synopsis:
@@ -10694,7 +10822,7 @@
sets it like '\( A_1 A_2 \times \)', followed by the break, followed by
'\( A_3 A_4 \)'.
-16.7.3 '\frac'
+16.8.3 '\frac'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -10706,7 +10834,7 @@
comes out small; see the discussion of '\displaystyle' (*note Math
formulas::).
-16.7.4 '\sqrt'
+16.8.4 '\sqrt'
--------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10722,7 +10850,7 @@
LaTeX has a separate '\surd' character (*note Math symbols::).
-16.7.5 '\stackrel'
+16.8.5 '\stackrel'
------------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10741,9 +10869,11 @@
in one mode or another (in particular, many commands only work in one of
the math modes), and error messages will refer to these.
- * "Paragraph mode" is what LaTeX is in when processing ordinary text.
- It breaks the input text into lines and breaks the lines into
- pages. This is the mode LaTeX is in most of the time.
+ * "Paragraph mode" (in plain TeX this is called "horizontal mode") is
+ what LaTeX is in when processing ordinary text. It breaks the
+ input text into lines and finds the positions of line breaks, so
+ that in vertical mode page breaks can be done. This is the mode
+ LaTeX is in most of the time.
"LR mode" (for left-to-right mode; in plain TeX this is called
"restricted horizontal mode") is in effect when LaTeX starts making
@@ -10764,11 +10894,13 @@
'\int' differs in the two situations.)
* "Vertical mode" is when LaTeX is building the list of lines and
- other material making the output page. This is the mode LaTeX is
- in when it starts a document.
+ other material making the output page, which comprises insertion of
+ page breaks. This is the mode LaTeX is in when it starts a
+ document.
"Internal vertical mode" is in effect when LaTeX starts making a
- '\vbox'. This is the vertical analogue of LR mode.
+ '\vbox'. It has not such thing as page breaks, and as such is the
+ vertical analogue of LR mode.
For instance, if you begin a LaTeX article with 'Let \( x \) be ...'
then these are the modes: first LaTeX starts every document in vertical
@@ -11061,11 +11193,9 @@
19 Spaces
*********
-LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of these
-are best suited to mathematical text; see *note Spacing in math mode::.
-Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text and
-mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
-chapter.
+LaTeX has many ways to produce white space, or filled space. Some of
+these are best suited to mathematical text; for these see *note Spacing
+in math mode::.
19.1 '\enspace' & '\quad' & '\qquad'
====================================
@@ -11102,21 +11232,21 @@
\hspace{LENGTH}
\hspace*{LENGTH}
- Insert the horizontal space LENGTH. The LENGTH can be positive,
-negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing. It is a
-rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or 'minus' component, or
-both (*note Lengths::). Because the space is stretchable and
-shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
+ Insert the amount LENGTH of horizontal space. The LENGTH can be
+positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is like
+backspacing. It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or
+'minus' component, or both (*note Lengths::). Because the space is
+stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
This makes a line with 'Name:' an inch from the right margin.
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
- The '*'-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable. More
+ The '*'-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white space--glues
-and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded. The '*'-version
-avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in
-front of the space).
+and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded. The '*'-form avoids
+that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in front of
+the space).
In this example
@@ -11304,18 +11434,19 @@
Acad.\ Science', and 'Mr.~Bean', and '(manure, etc.\@) for sale' (note
in the last one that the '\@' comes before the closing parenthesis).
-19.5.2 '\frenchspacing'
------------------------
+19.5.2 '\frenchspacing' & '\nonfrenchspacing'
+---------------------------------------------
Synopsis, one of:
\frenchspacing
\nonfrenchspacing
- The first declaration causes LaTeX to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(*note \spacefactor::); this is the default.
+ The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more (*note
+\spacefactor::).
Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -11331,16 +11462,17 @@
\normalsfcodes
- Reset the LaTeX space factor values to the default (*note
+ Reset the LaTeX space factors to the default values (*note
\spacefactor::).
19.6 Backslash-space, '\ '
==========================
This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.
+Synopsis:
- \
+ \
Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -11348,33 +11480,45 @@
When you type one or more blanks between words, LaTeX produces white
space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
- \begin{tabular}{l}
- One blank: makes some space \\
- Three blanks: in a row \\
- Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+ \begin{tabular}{rl}
+ One blank:& makes some space \\
+ Three blanks:& in a row \\
+ Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
\end{tabular}
On the first line LaTeX puts some space after the colon. On the second
line LaTeX collapses the three blanks to output one whitespace, so you
end with the same space after the colon as in the first line. LaTeX
-would similarly collapse a blank followed by a tab, or a blank and a
-newline and a blank. However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
-the white area is wider. That is, the backslash-space command creates a
-fixed amount of horizontal space. (Note that you can define a
-horizontal space of any width at all with '\hspace'; see *note
-\hspace::.)
+would similarly collapse them to a single whitespace if one, two or all
+of the three blanks were replaced by a tab, or by a newline. However,
+the bottom line asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That
+is, the backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal
+space. (Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all
+with '\hspace'; see *note \hspace::.)
The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used
-after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that
-follows, as in '\TeX\ is nice'. (But using curly parentheses, as in
-'\TeX{} is best', has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in 'So says
-Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)' (*note \@::).
+after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that
+follows, as after '\TeX' in '\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)'. (But using curly
+braces has the advantage of still working whether the next character is
+a blank or any other non-letter, as in '\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})' in which
+'{}' can be added after '\LaTeX' as well as after '\TeX'.) The other
+common use is that it marks a period as ending an abbreviation instead
+of ending a sentence, as in 'Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)'
+(*note \@::).
- Under normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent
+ Under normal circumstances, '\'<TAB> and '\'<NEWLINE> are equivalent
to backslash-space, '\ '.
+ Please also note that in order to allow source code indentation,
+under normal circumstances, TeX ignores leading blanks in a line. So
+the following prints 'one word':
+
+ one
+ word
+
+where the white space between 'one' and 'word' is produced by the
+newline after 'one', not by the space before 'word'.
+
19.7 '~'
========
@@ -11458,10 +11602,11 @@
three dots and/or four dots are plenty). Another style-specific use is
between initials, as in 'D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth'.
- LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands (*note Spacing
-in math mode::). With 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
-they can be used in text mode as well as math mode, including '\!' for
-'\negthinspace'; before that, they were available only in math mode.
+ LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(*note Spacing in math mode::). With the 'amsmath' package, or as of
+the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as well as
+math mode, including '\!' for '\negthinspace'; but otherwise, they are
+available only in math mode.
19.9 '\/'
=========
@@ -11501,9 +11646,9 @@
include italic correction values even for italic fonts.
Technically, LaTeX uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to possibly
-insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to particular
-font commands.
+"slant parameter" (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to
+possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+particular font commands.
There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing
is done in a different way.
@@ -11597,7 +11742,7 @@
of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt'.
- Because each command is a '\vspace', if you use on in mid-paragraph
+ Because each command is a '\vspace', if you use it in mid-paragraph
then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
these are best between paragraphs.
@@ -11644,7 +11789,7 @@
and depth at least '0.3\baselineskip'. Essentially, LaTeX inserts into
the line a rectangle having zero width,
'\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}' (*note \rule::). The
-'\baselineskip' changes with the current font and fontsize.
+'\baselineskip' changes with the current font or fontsize.
In this example the '\strut' keeps the box inside the frame from
having zero height.
@@ -11686,11 +11831,11 @@
\end{enumerate}
\end{minipage}%
-The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening. The third
-list's '\parbox' goes only to the bottom of its second 'test', which
-happens not have any characters that descend below the baseline. The
-fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra below-baseline
-space.
+The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening. The first
+item '\parbox' of the third list goes only to the bottom of its second
+'test', which happens not have any characters that descend below the
+baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra
+below-baseline space.
The '\strut' command is often useful in graphics, such as in 'TikZ'
or 'Asymptote'. For instance, you may have a command such as
@@ -11713,10 +11858,10 @@
\end{tabular}
(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won't work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like '\\[2.5ex]' will
-put the room between the header line and the '\hline', and the integral
-would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won't
+solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
+'\\[2.5ex]' will put more room between the header line and the '\hline'
+rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
19.14 '\vspace'
===============
@@ -11740,9 +11885,9 @@
(*Note \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip::, for common inter-paragraph
spaces.)
- The '*'-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
+ The '*'-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
-'*'-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space between
+'*'-form causes the space to stay. This example leaves space between
the two questions.
Question: Find the integral of \( 5x^4+5 \).
@@ -11811,10 +11956,11 @@
VERT-LENGTH's in that sequence. This command is fragile (*note
\protect::). The VERT-LENGTH is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
- This example illustrates. The 'picture' draws a scale. In a
-standard LaTeX article the length '\baselineskip' is 12pt. The two
-rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt
-from the first 'addvspace'.
+ This example illustrates. The 'picture' draws a scale over which to
+rules are placed. In a standard LaTeX article the length
+'\baselineskip' is 12pt. As shown by the scale, the two rules are 22pt
+apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt from the first
+'\addvspace'.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{color}
@@ -11954,16 +12100,16 @@
\framebox[WIDTH]{TEXT}
\framebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
- Create a box with an enclosing frame, four lines surrounding the
-space. These commands are the same as '\mbox' and '\makebox' except for
+ Create a box with an enclosing frame, four rules surrounding the
+TEXT. These commands are the same as '\mbox' and '\makebox' except for
the frame (*note \mbox & \makebox::). The '\fbox' command is robust,
the '\framebox' command is fragile (*note \protect::).
\fbox{Warning! No work shown, no credit given.}
-LaTeX puts the text into a box that cannot be split or hyphenated.
-Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four lines making
-a frame.
+LaTeX puts the text into a box, the text cannot be hyphenated. Around
+that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four rules making a
+frame.
The first two command invocations, '\fbox{...}' and '\framebox{...}',
are roughly the same. As to the third and fourth invocations, the
@@ -11974,13 +12120,12 @@
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\framebox[0.25in]{\strut}}
-The '\strut' inserts a vertical height of '\baselineskip' (*note
-\strut::).
+The '\strut' ensures a total height of '\baselineskip' (*note \strut::).
These parameters determine the frame layout.
'\fboxrule'
- The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is
+ The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2pt. Change it with a command such as
'\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}' (*note \setlength::).
@@ -11990,7 +12135,7 @@
(*note \setlength::). Setting it to 0pt is useful sometimes: this
will put a frame around the picture with no white border.
- {\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
+ {\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
\framebox{%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{prudence.jpg}}}
@@ -12008,8 +12153,9 @@
*Note Colored boxes::, for colors other than black and white.
- The 'picture' environment has a version of this command where the
-units depend on 'picture''s '\unitlength' (*note \framebox (picture)::).
+ The 'picture' environment has a version of the '\framebox' command
+where the units depend on 'picture''s '\unitlength' (*note \framebox
+(picture)::).
20.3 '\parbox'
==============
@@ -14226,18 +14372,18 @@
In this example, '\@dottedcline' appears to have been given only three
arguments. But tracing the internal code shows that it picks up the
final TEXT and PAGENUMBER arguments in the synopsis from a call to
-'\contentsline'.
+'\contentsline' (*note \contentsline::).
Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these '\@dottedtocline' commands insert "leaders", that is,
evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
-'\@dotsep'. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, which are
-'1/18' em. Change it using '\renewcommand', as in
+'\@dotsep'. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, aka. 'mu', which
+are '1/18' em. Change it using '\renewcommand', as in
'\renewcommand{\@dotsep}{3.5}'.
- In the default book class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders for the
-Part and Chapter table entries, and in the default article class it does
-not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
+ In the standard 'book' class, LaTeX does not use dotted leaders for
+the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the standard 'article' class
+it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
25.1.2 '\addcontentsline'
-------------------------
@@ -14255,26 +14401,27 @@
It will appear at the same indentation level as the sections, will be in
boldface, and will be assigned the page number associated with the point
-where it appears in the input file.
+where the command appears in the input file.
The '\addcontentsline' command writes information to the file
-'ROOT-NAME.EXT'. It writes that information as the text of the command
-'\contentsline{UNIT}{TEXT}{NUM}', where 'NUM' is the current value of
-counter 'UNIT' (*note \contentsline::). The most common case is the
-table of contents and there NUM is the page number of the first page of
-UNIT.
+'ROOT-NAME.EXT', where ROOT-NAME is the file name of the root file
+(*note Splitting the input::). It writes that information as the text
+of the command '\contentsline{UNIT}{TEXT}{NUM}', where 'NUM' is the
+current value of counter 'UNIT' (*note \contentsline::). The most
+common case is the table of contents and there NUM is the page number of
+the first page of UNIT.
- This command is invoked by the sectioning commands '\chapter', etc.,
-and also by '\caption' inside a float environment. But it is also used
-by authors. For example, an author writing a book whose style is to
-have an unnumbered preface may use the starred '\chapter*'. But that
-command leaves out table of contents information, which can be entered
-manually, as here.
+ This command is invoked by the sectioning commands '\chapter', etc.
+(*note Sectioning::), and also by '\caption' inside a float environment
+(*note Floats::). But it is also directly used by authors. For
+example, an author writing a book whose style is to have an unnumbered
+preface may use the starred '\chapter*'. But that command leaves out
+table of contents information, which can be entered manually, as here.
\chapter*{Preface}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{}Preface}
-In the '.toc' file LaTeX will put the line '\contentsline
+In the 'ROOT-NAME.toc' file LaTeX will put the line '\contentsline
{chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}'; note that the page number '3' is
automatically generated by the system, not entered manually.
@@ -14286,7 +14433,8 @@
filename extension of the information file.
UNIT
- A string that depends on the value of the EXT argument:
+ A string that depends on the value of the EXT argument, typically
+ one of:
'toc'
For the table of contents, this is the name of a sectional
@@ -14299,8 +14447,8 @@
For the list of tables: 'table'.
TEXT
- The text of the entry. You must '\protect' any commands that are
- fragile (*note \protect::).
+ The text of the entry. You must '\protect' any fragile commands
+ (*note \protect::) used in it.
The '\addcontentsline' command has an interaction with '\include'
(*note \include & \includeonly::). If you use them at the same level,
@@ -14308,7 +14456,8 @@
table of contents can come out in the wrong order. The solution is to
move '\addcontentsline' into the file being included.
- If you use a UNIT that LaTeX does not recognize, as here
+ If you use a UNIT that LaTeX does not recognize, as with the typo
+here
\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
@@ -14387,7 +14536,7 @@
Usually adding material to these lists is done automatically by the
commands '\chapter', '\section', etc. for the table of contents, or by
the '\caption' command inside of a '\figure' or '\table' environment
-(*note figure:: and *note table::). Thus, where the base file is
+(*note figure:: and *note table::). Thus, where the root file is
'thesis.tex', and contains the declaration '\tableofcontents', the
command '\chapter{Chapter One}' produces something like this in the file
'thesis.toc'.
@@ -14410,8 +14559,9 @@
Note that the 'hyperref' package changes the definition of
'\contentsline' (and '\addcontentsline') to add more arguments, to make
hyperlinks. This is the source of the error 'Argument of \contentsline
-has an extra }'. Fix this error by deleting the '.toc' or '.lof' or
-'.lot' file, and running LaTeX again.
+has an extra }' when one adds/remove the use of package 'hyperref' and a
+compilation was already run. Fix this error by deleting the '.toc' or
+'.lof' or '.lot' file, and running LaTeX again.
25.1.5 '\nofiles'
-----------------
@@ -14449,53 +14599,72 @@
'\contentsline' command to typeset the section number (*note
\contentsline::).
- For example, this line in a '.toc' file causes the '1' to be typeset
-flush left.
+ For example, this line in a '.toc' file causes the '1.1' to be
+typeset flush left.
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Motivation}{2}
By default, LaTeX typesets the section numbers in a box of length
'\@tempdima'. That length is set by the commands '\l at section',
'\l at subsection', etc. Put section numbers inside a natural-width box
-with '\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}'.
+with '\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}' before '\tableofcontents'.
This command is fragile, so you may need to precede it with
'\protect' (*note \protect::). An example is the use of '\protect' in
the command
'\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Summary}' to get
-the '\numberline' into this command in the '.toc' file: '\contentsline
-{section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}' (the page number '6' is
-automatically added by LaTeX; *note \addcontentsline::).
+the '\numberline' into the '\contentsline' command in the '.toc' file:
+'\contentsline {section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}' (the page number '6'
+is automatically added by LaTeX; *note \addcontentsline::).
25.2 Indexes
============
-This document has an index.
+If you tell LaTeX what terms you want to appear in an index then it can
+produce that index, alphabetized and with the page numbers automatically
+maintained. This illustrates the basics.
\documentclass{article}
- \usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex
+ \usepackage{makeidx} % Provide indexing commands
+ \makeindex
+ % \usepackage{showidx} % Show marginal notes of index entries
...
\begin{document}
...
- Recall Wilson's Theorem: \index{Wilson's Theorem}
- a number \( n>1 \) is prime if and only if the factorial of \( n-1 \)
- is congruent to \( -1 \) modulo~\( n \).
+ Wilson's Theorem\index{Wilson's Theorem}
+ says that a number $n>1$ is prime if and only if the factorial
+ of $n-1$ is congruent to $-1$
+ modulo~$n$.\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}
...
\printindex
- ...
+ \end{document}
-The '\usepackage{makeidx}' and '\makeindex' in the preamble bring in the
-relevant commands.
+As that shows, declare index entries with the '\index' command (*note
+\index::). When you run LaTeX, the '\index' writes its information,
+such as 'Wilson's Theorem' and the page number, to an auxiliary file
+whose name ends in '.idx'. Next, to alphabetize and do other
+manipulations, run an external command, typically 'makeindex' (*note
+makeindex::), which writes a file whose name ends in '.ind'. Finally,
+'\printindex' brings this manipulated information into the output (*note
+\printindex::).
- Producing an index is a three stage process. First, in the document
-body you declare index entries with the '\index' command (*note
-\index::). When you run LaTeX, the '\index' writes its information to
-an auxiliary file 'ROOT-NAME.idx'. Next, to alphabetize and to do other
-manipulations you run an external command, typically 'makeindex' or
-'xindy' (*note makeindex::). These output a file 'ROOT-NAME.ind'.
-Finally, you bring the information back into your document and typeset
-it with the '\printindex' command (*note \printindex::).
+ Thus, if the above example is in the file 'numth.tex' then running
+'pdflatex numth' will save index entry and page number information to
+'numth.idx'. Then running 'makeindex numth' will alphabetize and save
+the results to 'numth.ind'. Finally, again running 'pdflatex numth'
+will show the desired index, at the place where the '\printindex'
+command is in the source file.
+ There are many options for the output. An example is that the
+exclamation point in '\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}' produces
+a main entry of 'congruence' with a subentry of 'and Wilson's Theorem'.
+For more, *note makeindex::.
+
+ The '\makeindex' and '\printindex' commands are independent. Leaving
+out the '\makeindex' will stop LaTeX from saving the index entries to
+the auxiliary file. Leaving out the '\printindex' will cause LaTeX to
+not show the index in the document output.
+
There are many packages in the area of indexing. The 'showidx'
package causes each index entries to be shown in the margin on the page
where the entry appears. This can help in preparing the index. The
@@ -15840,18 +16009,28 @@
pdflatex -jobname=teachers "\def\teachers{}\input{main}"
The 'jobname' option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called 'main.pdf' and the second would overwrite the first. (See the
+called 'main.pdf', and the second would overwrite the first. (See the
next section.)
- In this example, we pass the 'draft' option to the 'graphicx'
-package:
+ In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named 'mybook.tex' and structured like
+this.
- pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\input{aa.tex}"
+ \documentclass{book}
+ \begin{document}
+ ...
+ \include{chap1}
+ \include{chap2}
+ ...
+ \end{document}
-so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
+the command line
+ pdflatex "\includeonly{chap1}\input{mybook}"
+
+will give output that has the first chapter but no other. *Note
+Splitting the input::.
+
28.3 Jobname
============
@@ -16099,2934 +16278,2982 @@
* Menu:
-* $ inline math: math. (line 4674)
-* $$...$$ plain TeX display math: displaymath. (line 3779)
-* & for table cells: tabular. (line 5641)
+* $ inline math: math. (line 4687)
+* $$...$$ plain TeX display math: displaymath. (line 3792)
+* & for table cells: tabular. (line 5654)
* * prompt: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16038)
+ (line 16216)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7503)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2569)
+ (line 7551)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2582)
* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7133)
+ (line 7146)
* --disable-write18 command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
+ (line 16041)
* --enable-write18 command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
+ (line 16041)
* --file-line-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15894)
+ (line 16062)
* --halt-on-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15891)
+ (line 16059)
* --help command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15835)
+ (line 16003)
* --interaction command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15838)
+ (line 16006)
* --jobname command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15855)
+ (line 16023)
* --no-file-line-error command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15894)
+ (line 16062)
* --no-shell-escape command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
+ (line 16041)
* --output-directory command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15860)
+ (line 16028)
* --shell-escape command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
+ (line 16041)
* --version command-line option: Command line options.
- (line 15830)
-* -1, write stream number: \write. (line 15532)
-* .aux file: Output files. (line 486)
-* .dvi file: Output files. (line 463)
-* .fmt file: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 14929)
-* .idx file: Indexes. (line 14566)
-* .idx file <1>: makeindex. (line 14717)
-* .ind file: makeindex. (line 14717)
-* .isty file: makeindex. (line 14729)
-* .lof file: Output files. (line 496)
+ (line 15998)
+* -1, write stream number: \write. (line 15700)
+* .aux file: Output files. (line 488)
+* .dvi file: Output files. (line 465)
+* .fmt file: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 15097)
+* .idx file: Indexes. (line 14715)
+* .idx file <1>: makeindex. (line 14885)
+* .ind file: makeindex. (line 14885)
+* .isty file: makeindex. (line 14897)
+* .lof file: Output files. (line 498)
* .lof file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* .lof file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* .log file: Output files. (line 481)
-* .lot file: Output files. (line 496)
+ (line 14323)
+* .lof file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* .log file: Output files. (line 483)
+* .lot file: Output files. (line 498)
* .lot file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* .lot file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* .pdf file: Output files. (line 473)
+ (line 14323)
+* .lot file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* .pdf file: Output files. (line 475)
* .tex, default extension: Command line interface.
- (line 15787)
-* .toc file: Output files. (line 496)
+ (line 15955)
+* .toc file: Output files. (line 498)
* .toc file <1>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* .toc file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 541)
-* /bin/sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15752)
+ (line 14323)
+* .toc file <2>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 543)
+* /bin/sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15920)
* 10pt option: Document class options.
- (line 737)
+ (line 739)
* 11pt option: Document class options.
- (line 737)
+ (line 739)
* 12pt option: Document class options.
- (line 737)
+ (line 739)
* : for math: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 10736)
+ (line 10865)
* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 591)
-* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 11418)
+ (line 593)
+* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 11549)
+* \ (backslash-space) <1>: \(SPACE). (line 11549)
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 591)
+ (line 593)
* \!: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10567)
-* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 13654)
+ (line 10625)
+* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 13800)
* \#: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
+ (line 13477)
* \$: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
+ (line 13477)
* \%: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
+ (line 13477)
* \&: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
-* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 13658)
-* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5489)
-* \(...\) inline math: math. (line 4674)
-* \*: \*. (line 10756)
-* \+: tabbing. (line 5481)
+ (line 13477)
+* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 13804)
+* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5502)
+* \(...\) inline math: math. (line 4687)
+* \*: \*. (line 10885)
+* \+: tabbing. (line 5494)
* \,: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10553)
-* \-: tabbing. (line 5485)
-* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 6520)
-* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 13661)
-* \/: \/. (line 11547)
+ (line 10611)
+* \-: tabbing. (line 5498)
+* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 6533)
+* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 13807)
+* \/: \/. (line 11692)
* \:: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10543)
+ (line 10600)
* \;: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10532)
-* \<: tabbing. (line 5477)
-* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 13665)
-* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5471)
-* \>: tabbing. (line 5475)
+ (line 10587)
+* \<: tabbing. (line 5490)
+* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 13811)
+* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5484)
+* \>: tabbing. (line 5488)
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10543)
-* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5474)
-* \@: \@. (line 11342)
-* \@auxout: \write. (line 15547)
-* \@beginparpenalty: list. (line 4556)
-* \@dottedtocline: \@dottedtocline. (line 14302)
-* \@endparpenalty: list. (line 4564)
-* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 6882)
-* \@ifstar: \@ifstar. (line 7316)
-* \@itempenalty: list. (line 4560)
-* \@mainaux: \write. (line 15547)
-* \@startsection: \@startsection. (line 3055)
-* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5504)
-* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5505)
-* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5505)
+ (line 10600)
+* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5487)
+* \@: \@. (line 11472)
+* \@auxout: \write. (line 15715)
+* \@beginparpenalty: list. (line 4569)
+* \@dottedtocline: \@dottedtocline. (line 14448)
+* \@endparpenalty: list. (line 4577)
+* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 6895)
+* \@ifstar: \@ifstar. (line 7362)
+* \@itempenalty: list. (line 4573)
+* \@mainaux: \write. (line 15715)
+* \@startsection: \@startsection. (line 3068)
+* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5517)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5518)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5518)
* \aa (Ã¥): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13775)
+ (line 13921)
* \AA (Ã…): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13775)
-* \accent: \accent. (line 13725)
-* \acute: Math accents. (line 10425)
-* \addcontentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 14338)
-* \address: \address. (line 15108)
-* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 14414)
-* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 8096)
-* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 8342)
-* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 11882)
+ (line 13921)
+* \accent: \accent. (line 13871)
+* \acute: Math accents. (line 10480)
+* \addcontentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 14483)
+* \address: \address. (line 15276)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 14562)
+* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 8144)
+* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 8395)
+* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 12027)
* \ae (æ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13779)
+ (line 13925)
* \AE (Æ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13779)
-* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 8971)
-* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 3890)
-* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 8974)
+ (line 13925)
+* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 9026)
+* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 3903)
+* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 9029)
* \alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7971)
+ (line 8019)
* \Alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7976)
-* \alsoname: \index. (line 14652)
-* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 8977)
-* \and for \author: \maketitle. (line 10933)
-* \angle: Math symbols. (line 8980)
-* \appendix: \appendix. (line 2986)
-* \approx: Math symbols. (line 8985)
+ (line 8024)
+* \alsoname: \index. (line 14820)
+* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 9032)
+* \and for \author: \maketitle. (line 11066)
+* \angle: Math symbols. (line 9035)
+* \appendix: \appendix. (line 2999)
+* \approx: Math symbols. (line 9040)
* \arabic{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7981)
-* \arccos: Math functions. (line 10308)
-* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 10311)
-* \arctan: Math functions. (line 10314)
-* \arg: Math functions. (line 10317)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 3573)
-* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 5766)
-* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 5772)
-* \ast: Math symbols. (line 8988)
-* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 8996)
-* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3803)
+ (line 8029)
+* \arccos: Math functions. (line 10363)
+* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 10366)
+* \arctan: Math functions. (line 10369)
+* \arg: Math functions. (line 10372)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 3586)
+* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 5779)
+* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 5785)
+* \ast: Math symbols. (line 9043)
+* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 9051)
+* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3816)
* \AtBeginDvi: Class and package commands.
- (line 917)
-* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 3819)
+ (line 919)
+* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 3832)
* \AtEndOfClass: Class and package commands.
- (line 922)
+ (line 924)
* \AtEndOfPackage: Class and package commands.
- (line 922)
-* \author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}: \maketitle. (line 10932)
-* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5505)
-* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 13680)
+ (line 924)
+* \author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}: \maketitle. (line 11065)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 5518)
+* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 13826)
* \backmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 8999)
-* \bar: Math accents. (line 10428)
+ (line 3032)
+* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 9054)
+* \bar: Math accents. (line 10483)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1981)
+ (line 1994)
* \baselineskip <1>: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
+ (line 2317)
* \baselinestretch: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* \begin: Environments. (line 3465)
-* \beta: Math symbols. (line 9003)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 1770)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 1735)
-* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 5995)
-* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 6119)
-* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 6119)
-* \bibname: thebibliography. (line 5978)
-* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 9006)
-* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 9011)
-* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 9014)
-* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 9019)
-* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 9022)
-* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 9025)
+ (line 2317)
+* \begin: Environments. (line 3478)
+* \beta: Math symbols. (line 9058)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 1772)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 1737)
+* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 6008)
+* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 6132)
+* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 6132)
+* \bibname: thebibliography. (line 5991)
+* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 9061)
+* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 9066)
+* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 9069)
+* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 9074)
+* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 9077)
+* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 9080)
* \bigskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11663)
+ (line 11808)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11664)
-* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 9034)
-* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 9028)
-* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 9031)
-* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 9037)
-* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 9041)
-* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 9044)
-* \bmod: Math functions. (line 10320)
+ (line 11809)
+* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 9089)
+* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 9083)
+* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 9086)
+* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 9092)
+* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 9096)
+* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 9099)
+* \bmod: Math functions. (line 10375)
* \boldmath: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9881)
+ (line 9936)
* \boldmath <1>: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9889)
-* \bot: Math symbols. (line 9047)
-* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 2482)
-* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2483)
-* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 9052)
-* \Box: Math symbols. (line 9055)
-* \breve: Math accents. (line 10431)
-* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 9060)
-* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 13690)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 1773)
-* \cap: Math symbols. (line 9063)
-* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 13658)
-* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 13716)
-* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 13720)
-* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 13690)
-* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 13669)
-* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 13654)
-* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 13694)
-* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 13673)
-* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 13698)
-* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 13665)
-* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 13712)
-* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 13702)
-* \capitalring: Accents. (line 13706)
-* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 13712)
-* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 13677)
-* \caption: figure. (line 4016)
-* \caption <1>: table. (line 5593)
-* \cc: \cc. (line 15134)
-* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 9068)
-* \cdots: Dots. (line 10219)
-* \centering: \centering. (line 3655)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* \chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2684)
-* \check: Math accents. (line 10434)
+ (line 9944)
+* \bot: Math symbols. (line 9102)
+* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 2495)
+* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2496)
+* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 9107)
+* \Box: Math symbols. (line 9110)
+* \breve: Math accents. (line 10486)
+* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 9115)
+* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 13836)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 1775)
+* \cap: Math symbols. (line 9118)
+* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 13804)
+* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 13862)
+* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 13866)
+* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 13836)
+* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 13815)
+* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 13800)
+* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 13840)
+* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 13819)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 13844)
+* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 13811)
+* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 13858)
+* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 13848)
+* \capitalring: Accents. (line 13852)
+* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 13858)
+* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 13823)
+* \caption: figure. (line 4029)
+* \caption <1>: table. (line 5606)
+* \cc: \cc. (line 15302)
+* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 9123)
+* \cdots: Dots. (line 10274)
+* \centering: \centering. (line 3668)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* \chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2697)
+* \check: Math accents. (line 10489)
* \CheckCommand: Class and package commands.
- (line 929)
+ (line 931)
* \CheckCommand*: Class and package commands.
- (line 929)
-* \chi: Math symbols. (line 9071)
-* \circ: Math symbols. (line 9074)
-* \circle: \circle. (line 5143)
-* \cite: \cite. (line 6053)
+ (line 931)
+* \chi: Math symbols. (line 9126)
+* \circ: Math symbols. (line 9129)
+* \circle: \circle. (line 5156)
+* \cite: \cite. (line 6066)
* \ClassError: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \ClassInfo: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \ClassInfoNoLine: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \ClassWarning: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \ClassWarningNoLine: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \cleardoublepage: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6699)
+ (line 6712)
* \clearpage: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6699)
-* \cline: \cline. (line 5900)
+ (line 6712)
+* \cline: \cline. (line 5913)
* \closein: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
+ (line 15503)
* \closeout: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
-* \closing: \closing. (line 15150)
-* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 9079)
+ (line 15503)
+* \closing: \closing. (line 15318)
+* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 9134)
* \colon: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 10736)
-* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 2046)
+ (line 10865)
+* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 2059)
* \columnsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2171)
+ (line 2184)
* \columnsep <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2174)
-* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 2052)
+ (line 2187)
+* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 2065)
* \columnseprule <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2172)
+ (line 2185)
* \columnseprule <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2174)
-* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 2059)
+ (line 2187)
+* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 2072)
* \columnwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2173)
+ (line 2186)
* \columnwidth <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2174)
-* \complement: Math symbols. (line 9082)
-* \cong: Math symbols. (line 9088)
+ (line 2187)
+* \complement: Math symbols. (line 9137)
+* \cong: Math symbols. (line 9143)
* \contentsline: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14234)
-* \contentsline <1>: \addcontentsline. (line 14342)
-* \contentsline <2>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 9091)
-* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 13430)
-* \cos: Math functions. (line 10323)
-* \cosh: Math functions. (line 10326)
-* \cot: Math functions. (line 10329)
-* \coth: Math functions. (line 10332)
-* \csc: Math functions. (line 10335)
-* \cup: Math symbols. (line 9094)
+ (line 14380)
+* \contentsline <1>: \addcontentsline. (line 14487)
+* \contentsline <2>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 9146)
+* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 13576)
+* \cos: Math functions. (line 10378)
+* \cosh: Math functions. (line 10381)
+* \cot: Math functions. (line 10384)
+* \coth: Math functions. (line 10387)
+* \csc: Math functions. (line 10390)
+* \cup: Math symbols. (line 9149)
* \CurrentOption: Class and package commands.
- (line 968)
-* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 13694)
-* \dag: Text symbols. (line 13434)
-* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 9098)
-* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 5348)
-* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 9101)
-* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 10940)
+ (line 970)
+* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 13840)
+* \dag: Text symbols. (line 13580)
+* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 9153)
+* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 5361)
+* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 9156)
+* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11073)
* \day: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8145)
-* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 2092)
-* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 2098)
-* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 2105)
-* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 2071)
-* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 2110)
-* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 13437)
-* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 9106)
-* \ddot: Math accents. (line 10437)
-* \ddots: Dots. (line 10223)
+ (line 8193)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 2105)
+* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 2111)
+* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 2118)
+* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 2084)
+* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 2123)
+* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 13583)
+* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 9161)
+* \ddot: Math accents. (line 10492)
+* \ddots: Dots. (line 10278)
* \DeclareFontEncoding: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1384)
+ (line 1386)
* \DeclareGraphicsExtensions: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
- (line 12747)
+ (line 12893)
* \DeclareGraphicsRule: \DeclareGraphicsRule.
- (line 12789)
+ (line 12935)
* \DeclareOption: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
+ (line 976)
* \DeclareOption*: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
+ (line 976)
* \DeclareRobustCommand: Class and package commands.
- (line 1004)
+ (line 1006)
* \DeclareRobustCommand*: Class and package commands.
- (line 1004)
+ (line 1006)
* \DeclareTextAccent: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1418)
+ (line 1420)
* \DeclareTextAccent <1>: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1441)
+ (line 1443)
* \DeclareTextAccentDefault: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1441)
+ (line 1443)
* \DeclareTextCommand: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1469)
+ (line 1471)
* \DeclareTextCommand <1>: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1518)
+ (line 1520)
* \DeclareTextCommandDefault: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1469)
+ (line 1471)
* \DeclareTextCommandDefault <1>: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1518)
+ (line 1520)
* \DeclareTextComposite: \DeclareTextComposite.
- (line 1550)
+ (line 1552)
* \DeclareTextCompositeCommand: \DeclareTextCompositeCommand.
- (line 1575)
+ (line 1577)
* \DeclareTextSymbol: \DeclareTextSymbol.
- (line 1593)
+ (line 1595)
* \DeclareTextSymbol <1>: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1620)
+ (line 1622)
* \DeclareTextSymbolDefault: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1620)
-* \deg: Math functions. (line 10338)
-* \DelayedShellEscape: \write18. (line 15763)
-* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 9109)
-* \delta: Math symbols. (line 9112)
-* \det: Math functions. (line 10341)
+ (line 1622)
+* \deg: Math functions. (line 10393)
+* \DelayedShellEscape: \write18. (line 15931)
+* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 9164)
+* \delta: Math symbols. (line 9167)
+* \det: Math functions. (line 10396)
* \dh (ð): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13783)
+ (line 13929)
* \DH (Ã): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13783)
-* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 9115)
-* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 9119)
-* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 9124)
-* \dim: Math functions. (line 10344)
-* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 8857)
-* \div: Math symbols. (line 9127)
+ (line 13929)
+* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 9170)
+* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 9174)
+* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 9179)
+* \dim: Math functions. (line 10399)
+* \displaystyle: Math styles. (line 10814)
+* \div: Math symbols. (line 9182)
* \dj: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13789)
+ (line 13935)
* \DJ: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13789)
-* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 694)
-* \documentclass, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 15980)
-* \dot: Math accents. (line 10440)
-* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 9130)
+ (line 13935)
+* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 696)
+* \documentclass, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16158)
+* \dot: Math accents. (line 10495)
+* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 9185)
* \dotfill: \hrulefill & \dotfill.
- (line 11592)
-* \dots: Text symbols. (line 13454)
-* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 5777)
-* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9135)
-* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9139)
-* \ell: Math symbols. (line 9143)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 1755)
-* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 9146)
-* \encl: \encl. (line 15163)
-* \end: Environments. (line 3465)
-* \endinput: \endinput. (line 13988)
-* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 6773)
+ (line 11737)
+* \dots: Text symbols. (line 13600)
+* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 5790)
+* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9190)
+* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 9194)
+* \ell: Math symbols. (line 9198)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 1757)
+* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 9201)
+* \encl: \encl. (line 15331)
+* \end: Environments. (line 3478)
+* \endinput: \endinput. (line 14134)
+* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 6786)
* \enspace: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11147)
-* \enumi: enumerate. (line 3876)
-* \enumii: enumerate. (line 3876)
-* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 3876)
-* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 3876)
-* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 9149)
-* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 9156)
-* \eta: Math symbols. (line 9159)
+ (line 11277)
+* \enumi: enumerate. (line 3889)
+* \enumii: enumerate. (line 3889)
+* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 3889)
+* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 3889)
+* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 9204)
+* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 9211)
+* \eta: Math symbols. (line 9214)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 807)
+ (line 809)
* \evensidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2232)
+ (line 2245)
* \evensidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2233)
+ (line 2246)
* \ExecuteOptions: Class and package commands.
- (line 1080)
-* \exists: Math symbols. (line 9162)
-* \exp: Math functions. (line 10347)
-* \externaldocument: xr package. (line 3410)
-* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 5717)
-* \fbox: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12029)
+ (line 1082)
+* \exists: Math symbols. (line 9217)
+* \exp: Math functions. (line 10402)
+* \externaldocument: xr package. (line 3423)
+* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 5730)
+* \fbox: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12175)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5325)
-* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12062)
-* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12061)
+ (line 5338)
+* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12207)
+* \fboxrule <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12206)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5325)
-* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12067)
-* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12066)
-* \fill: \hfill. (line 11234)
-* \flat: Math symbols. (line 9165)
-* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 2486)
-* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 2487)
-* \floatsep: Floats. (line 2502)
-* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2503)
-* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 2139)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 6882)
+ (line 5338)
+* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12212)
+* \fboxsep <2>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12211)
+* \fill: \hfill. (line 11364)
+* \flat: Math symbols. (line 9220)
+* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 2499)
+* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 2500)
+* \floatsep: Floats. (line 2515)
+* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2516)
+* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 2152)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 6895)
* \fnsymbol{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7994)
-* \fontdimen1: \/. (line 11581)
+ (line 8042)
+* \fontdimen1: \/. (line 11726)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1891)
+ (line 1904)
* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1901)
+ (line 1914)
* \fontseries: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1928)
+ (line 1941)
* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1968)
+ (line 1981)
* \fontsize: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1981)
-* \footnote: \footnote. (line 6864)
-* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 6930)
-* \footnoterule: \footnote. (line 6892)
-* \footnotesep: \footnote. (line 6904)
-* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 6986)
+ (line 1994)
+* \footnote: \footnote. (line 6877)
+* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 6943)
+* \footnoterule: \footnote. (line 6905)
+* \footnotesep: \footnote. (line 6917)
+* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 6999)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2191)
+ (line 2204)
* \footskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2192)
-* \forall: Math symbols. (line 9168)
-* \frac: \frac. (line 10772)
-* \frame: \frame. (line 5336)
+ (line 2205)
+* \forall: Math symbols. (line 9223)
+* \frac: \frac. (line 10901)
+* \frame: \frame. (line 5349)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture).
- (line 5300)
-* \framebox <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12029)
-* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 11388)
+ (line 5313)
+* \framebox <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12175)
+* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 11518)
* \frontmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* \frown: Math symbols. (line 9171)
-* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6578)
-* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 9174)
-* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 9177)
-* \gcd: Math functions. (line 10350)
-* \ge: Math symbols. (line 9180)
-* \geq: Math symbols. (line 9184)
-* \gets: Math symbols. (line 9188)
-* \gg: Math symbols. (line 9191)
-* \gls: \gls. (line 14999)
-* \graphicspath: \graphicspath. (line 12684)
-* \graphpaper: \graphpaper. (line 5046)
-* \grave: Math accents. (line 10443)
-* \guillemotleft («): Text symbols. (line 13446)
-* \guillemotright (»): Text symbols. (line 13447)
-* \guilsinglleft (‹): Text symbols. (line 13448)
-* \guilsinglright (›): Text symbols. (line 13449)
-* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 13698)
-* \hat: Math accents. (line 10446)
-* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 9194)
+ (line 3032)
+* \frown: Math symbols. (line 9226)
+* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6591)
+* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 9229)
+* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 9232)
+* \gcd: Math functions. (line 10405)
+* \ge: Math symbols. (line 9235)
+* \geq: Math symbols. (line 9239)
+* \gets: Math symbols. (line 9243)
+* \gg: Math symbols. (line 9246)
+* \gls: \gls. (line 15167)
+* \graphicspath: \graphicspath. (line 12830)
+* \graphpaper: \graphpaper. (line 5059)
+* \grave: Math accents. (line 10498)
+* \guillemotleft («): Text symbols. (line 13592)
+* \guillemotright (»): Text symbols. (line 13593)
+* \guilsinglleft (‹): Text symbols. (line 13594)
+* \guilsinglright (›): Text symbols. (line 13595)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 13844)
+* \hat: Math accents. (line 10501)
+* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 9249)
* \headheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2179)
+ (line 2192)
* \headheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2180)
+ (line 2193)
* \headsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2184)
+ (line 2197)
* \headsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2185)
-* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 9197)
-* \hfill: \hfill. (line 11222)
-* \hline: \hline. (line 5923)
-* \hom: Math functions. (line 10353)
-* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9200)
-* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9203)
+ (line 2198)
+* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 9252)
+* \hfill: \hfill. (line 11352)
+* \hline: \hline. (line 5936)
+* \hom: Math functions. (line 10408)
+* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9255)
+* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9258)
* \hrulefill: \hrulefill & \dotfill.
- (line 11592)
+ (line 11737)
* \hsize: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2284)
+ (line 2297)
* \hsize <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2285)
-* \hspace: \hspace. (line 11175)
-* \hss: \hss. (line 11255)
-* \huge: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6619)
-* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 13648)
-* \IfBeginWith* macro from xstring: Jobname. (line 16003)
-* \iff: Math symbols. (line 9206)
+ (line 2298)
+* \hspace: \hspace. (line 11305)
+* \hss: \hss. (line 11385)
+* \huge: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6632)
+* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 13794)
+* \IfBeginWith* macro from xstring: Jobname. (line 16181)
+* \iff: Math symbols. (line 9261)
* \IfFileExists: Class and package commands.
- (line 1036)
+ (line 1038)
* \ignorespaces: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7812)
+ (line 7860)
* \ignorespacesafterend: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7812)
+ (line 7860)
* \ij (ij): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13795)
+ (line 13941)
* \IJ (IJ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13795)
-* \Im: Math symbols. (line 9210)
-* \imath: Math symbols. (line 9213)
-* \immediate\write: \write. (line 15562)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 9217)
+ (line 13941)
+* \Im: Math symbols. (line 9265)
+* \imath: Math symbols. (line 9268)
+* \immediate\write: \write. (line 15730)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 9272)
* \include: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 14020)
-* \includegraphics: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
+ (line 14166)
+* \includegraphics: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
* \includeonly: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 14020)
+ (line 14166)
* \indent: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8671)
-* \index: Indexes. (line 14566)
-* \index <1>: \index. (line 14602)
-* \indexentry: \index. (line 14702)
-* \indexspace: makeindex. (line 14769)
-* \inf: Math functions. (line 10356)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 9221)
-* \input: \input. (line 14139)
+ (line 8751)
+* \index: Indexes. (line 14715)
+* \index <1>: \index. (line 14770)
+* \indexentry: \index. (line 14870)
+* \indexspace: makeindex. (line 14937)
+* \inf: Math functions. (line 10411)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 9276)
+* \input: \input. (line 14285)
* \InputIfFileExists: Class and package commands.
- (line 1036)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 9224)
-* \intextsep: Floats. (line 2506)
-* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 2507)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 9227)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 1776)
-* \item: description. (line 3722)
-* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 3858)
-* \item <2>: itemize. (line 4210)
-* \item <3>: itemize. (line 4234)
-* \itemindent: list. (line 4381)
-* \itemsep: list. (line 4385)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 1729)
-* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 13648)
-* \jmath: Math symbols. (line 9233)
-* \jobname: Jobname. (line 15956)
-* \jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 15994)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 9230)
-* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 13702)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 9237)
-* \ker: Math functions. (line 10359)
-* \kill: tabbing. (line 5509)
+ (line 1038)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 9279)
+* \intextsep: Floats. (line 2519)
+* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 2520)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 9282)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 1778)
+* \item: description. (line 3735)
+* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 3871)
+* \item <2>: itemize. (line 4223)
+* \item <3>: itemize. (line 4247)
+* \itemindent: list. (line 4394)
+* \itemsep: list. (line 4398)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 1731)
+* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 13794)
+* \jmath: Math symbols. (line 9288)
+* \jobname: Jobname. (line 16134)
+* \jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16172)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 9285)
+* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 13848)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 9292)
+* \ker: Math functions. (line 10414)
+* \kill: tabbing. (line 5522)
* \l (Å‚): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13799)
+ (line 13945)
* \L (Å): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13799)
-* \l at chapter: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \l at section: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \l at subsection: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \label: \label. (line 3299)
-* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 3885)
-* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 3885)
-* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 3885)
-* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 3885)
-* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 4246)
-* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 4246)
-* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 4246)
-* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 4246)
-* \labelsep: list. (line 4397)
-* \labelwidth: list. (line 4402)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 9240)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 9243)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 9246)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 9250)
-* \large: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \Large: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 1845)
+ (line 13945)
+* \l at chapter: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \l at section: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \l at subsection: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \label: \label. (line 3312)
+* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 3898)
+* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 3898)
+* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 3898)
+* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 3898)
+* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 4259)
+* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 4259)
+* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 4259)
+* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 4259)
+* \labelsep: list. (line 4410)
+* \labelwidth: list. (line 4415)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 9295)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 9298)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 9301)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 9305)
+* \large: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \Large: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 1847)
* \LastDeclaredEncoding: \LastDeclaredEncoding.
- (line 1646)
-* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13440)
-* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 13443)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 9254)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 9257)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 9260)
-* \ldots: Dots. (line 10226)
-* \ldots <1>: Text symbols. (line 13453)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 9265)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 9268)
-* \left: \left & \right. (line 10014)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9274)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9279)
-* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 3942)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9283)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9286)
-* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 4422)
-* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 4262)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9289)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9294)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 9299)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 9302)
-* \lg: Math functions. (line 10362)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 9305)
-* \lim: Math functions. (line 10365)
-* \liminf: Math functions. (line 10368)
-* \limsup: Math functions. (line 10371)
-* \line: \line. (line 5070)
+ (line 1648)
+* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13586)
+* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 13589)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 9309)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 9312)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 9315)
+* \ldots: Dots. (line 10281)
+* \ldots <1>: Text symbols. (line 13599)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 9320)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 9323)
+* \left: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9329)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9334)
+* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 3955)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9338)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9341)
+* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 4435)
+* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 4275)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9344)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9349)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 9354)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 9357)
+* \lg: Math functions. (line 10417)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 9360)
+* \lim: Math functions. (line 10420)
+* \liminf: Math functions. (line 10423)
+* \limsup: Math functions. (line 10426)
+* \line: \line. (line 5083)
* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6637)
+ (line 6650)
* \lineskip: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2343)
+ (line 2356)
* \lineskiplimit: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2343)
+ (line 2356)
* \linespread: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1992)
+ (line 2005)
* \linespread <1>: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 5115)
+ (line 2317)
+* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 5128)
* \linewidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2198)
+ (line 2211)
* \linewidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2199)
+ (line 2212)
* \listoffigures: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* \listoffigures <1>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
+ (line 14323)
+* \listoffigures <1>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
* \listoftables: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* \listoftables <1>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \listparindent: list. (line 4439)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 9311)
-* \ln: Math functions. (line 10374)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 9314)
+ (line 14323)
+* \listoftables <1>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \listparindent: list. (line 4452)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 9366)
+* \ln: Math functions. (line 10429)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 9369)
* \LoadClass: Class and package commands.
- (line 1056)
+ (line 1058)
* \LoadClassWithOptions: Class and package commands.
- (line 1056)
-* \location: \location. (line 15178)
-* \log: Math functions. (line 10377)
+ (line 1058)
+* \location: \location. (line 15346)
+* \log: Math functions. (line 10432)
* \long: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7133)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9317)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9322)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 9327)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9332)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 9337)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 13459)
+ (line 7146)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 9372)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9377)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 9382)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9387)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 9392)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 13605)
* \mainmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* \makebox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 11938)
+ (line 3032)
+* \makebox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12084)
* \makebox (for picture): \makebox (picture).
- (line 5262)
-* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 14892)
-* \makeglossary <1>: Glossaries. (line 14929)
-* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 14566)
-* \makelabel: list. (line 4358)
-* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 15188)
-* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 10896)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 9341)
-* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8752)
+ (line 5275)
+* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 15060)
+* \makeglossary <1>: Glossaries. (line 15097)
+* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 14715)
+* \makelabel: list. (line 4371)
+* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 15356)
+* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 11029)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 9396)
+* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8832)
* \marginparpush: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2205)
+ (line 2218)
* \marginparpush <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2208)
-* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 8781)
-* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 8786)
+ (line 2221)
+* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 8861)
+* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 8866)
* \marginparwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2207)
+ (line 2220)
* \marginparwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2208)
-* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 8790)
+ (line 2221)
+* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 8870)
* \marginsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2206)
+ (line 2219)
* \marginsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2208)
-* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11094)
-* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 11103)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 1806)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 1822)
-* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 9822)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 1819)
-* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 9825)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 10449)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 1803)
-* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 9828)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 1809)
-* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 9831)
-* \mathstrut: \mathstrut. (line 10708)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 1812)
-* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 9834)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 1824)
-* \max: Math functions. (line 10380)
-* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 11938)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 1732)
+ (line 2221)
+* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 11227)
+* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 11236)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 1808)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 1824)
+* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 9877)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 1821)
+* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 9880)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 10504)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 1805)
+* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 9883)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 1811)
+* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 9886)
+* \mathstrut: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 1814)
+* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 9889)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 1826)
+* \max: Math functions. (line 10435)
+* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12084)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 1734)
* \medskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11668)
+ (line 11813)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11669)
+ (line 11814)
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10543)
-* \message: \message. (line 15634)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 9346)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 9349)
-* \min: Math functions. (line 10383)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 9359)
+ (line 10600)
+* \message: \message. (line 15802)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 9401)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 9404)
+* \min: Math functions. (line 10438)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 9414)
* \month: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8145)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 9364)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 9367)
-* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 5792)
-* \multiput: \multiput. (line 4983)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 9370)
-* \name: \name. (line 15245)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 9373)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 9376)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 9379)
+ (line 8193)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 9419)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 9422)
+* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 5805)
+* \multiput: \multiput. (line 4996)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 9425)
+* \name: \name. (line 15413)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 9428)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 9431)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 9434)
* \NeedsTeXFormat: Class and package commands.
- (line 1090)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 9382)
+ (line 1092)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 9437)
* \negmedspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10548)
+ (line 10606)
* \negthickspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10537)
+ (line 10594)
* \negthinspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10567)
+ (line 10625)
* \negthinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 9386)
+ (line 11663)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 9441)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7112)
-* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 7391)
+ (line 7125)
+* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 7437)
* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7482)
-* \newfont: \newfont. (line 7728)
-* \newglossaryentry: \newglossaryentry. (line 14940)
-* \newlength: \newlength. (line 7432)
-* \newline: \newline. (line 6496)
-* \NEWLINE: \(SPACE). (line 11418)
-* \newpage: \newpage. (line 6740)
-* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 7454)
-* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 7616)
-* \newtie: Accents. (line 13712)
-* \newwrite: \write. (line 15526)
+ (line 7530)
+* \newfont: \newfont. (line 7776)
+* \newglossaryentry: \newglossaryentry. (line 15108)
+* \newlength: \newlength. (line 7478)
+* \newline: \newline. (line 6509)
+* \<NEWLINE>: \(SPACE). (line 11549)
+* \newpage: \newpage. (line 6753)
+* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 7502)
+* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 7664)
+* \newtie: Accents. (line 13858)
+* \newwrite: \write. (line 15694)
* \ng: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13803)
+ (line 13949)
* \NG: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13803)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 9389)
-* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6104)
-* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 1717)
-* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 1717)
-* \nofiles: \nofiles. (line 14512)
+ (line 13949)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 9444)
+* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6117)
+* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 1719)
+* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 1719)
+* \nofiles: \nofiles. (line 14661)
* \noindent: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8671)
+ (line 8751)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6637)
-* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 11388)
-* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 3937)
+ (line 6650)
+* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 11518)
+* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 3950)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6798)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 1753)
-* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8768)
-* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 11408)
-* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 9394)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 9402)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 9406)
-* \numberline: \numberline. (line 14537)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 9409)
+ (line 6811)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 1755)
+* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8848)
+* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 11539)
+* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 9449)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 9457)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 9461)
+* \numberline: \numberline. (line 14686)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 9464)
* \o (ø): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13807)
+ (line 13953)
* \O (Ø): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13807)
+ (line 13953)
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 6456)
+ (line 6469)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 807)
+ (line 809)
* \oddsidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2231)
+ (line 2244)
* \oddsidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2233)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 9412)
+ (line 2246)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 9467)
* \oe (Å“): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13811)
+ (line 13957)
* \OE (Å’): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13811)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 9416)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 1828)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 9419)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 9422)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 9425)
-* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 2020)
+ (line 13957)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 9471)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 1830)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 9474)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 9477)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 9480)
+* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 2033)
* \openin: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
-* \opening: \opening. (line 15255)
+ (line 15503)
+* \opening: \opening. (line 15423)
* \openout: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 9428)
+ (line 15503)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 9483)
* \OptionNotUsed: Class and package commands.
- (line 1108)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 9433)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 9436)
-* \oval: \oval. (line 5162)
+ (line 1110)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 9488)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 9491)
+* \oval: \oval. (line 5175)
* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10504)
+ (line 10559)
* \overline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10485)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 9441)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 13462)
+ (line 10540)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 9496)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 13608)
* \PackageError: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \PackageInfo: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \PackageInfoNoLine: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \PackageWarning: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \PackageWarningNoLine: Class and package commands.
- (line 949)
+ (line 951)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6798)
-* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 10967)
-* \pageref: \pageref. (line 3357)
-* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 11025)
+ (line 6811)
+* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 11100)
+* \pageref: \pageref. (line 3370)
+* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 11158)
* \paperheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2244)
+ (line 2257)
* \paperheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2245)
+ (line 2258)
* \paperwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2250)
+ (line 2263)
* \paperwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2251)
-* \par: \par. (line 8618)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 2264)
+* \par: \par. (line 8697)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* \paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 9446)
-* \parbox: \parbox. (line 12096)
-* \parindent: minipage. (line 4777)
+ (line 2932)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 9501)
+* \parbox: \parbox. (line 12242)
+* \parindent: minipage. (line 4790)
* \parindent <1>: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8671)
+ (line 8751)
* \parindent <2>: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 8720)
-* \parsep: list. (line 4445)
+ (line 8800)
+* \parsep: list. (line 4458)
* \parskip: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 8720)
-* \parskip example: itemize. (line 4282)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* \part <1>: \part. (line 2630)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 9449)
-* \partopsep: list. (line 4454)
+ (line 8800)
+* \parskip example: itemize. (line 4295)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* \part <1>: \part. (line 2643)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 9504)
+* \partopsep: list. (line 4467)
* \PassOptionsToClass: Class and package commands.
- (line 1114)
+ (line 1116)
* \PassOptionsToPackage: Class and package commands.
- (line 1114)
+ (line 1116)
* \pdfpageheight: Document class options.
- (line 763)
+ (line 765)
* \pdfpagewidth: Document class options.
- (line 763)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 9452)
-* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 9456)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 9459)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 9464)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 9467)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 9471)
-* \pmod: Math functions. (line 10386)
-* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 5515)
-* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 5516)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 13466)
-* \Pr: Math functions. (line 10389)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 9474)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 9477)
+ (line 765)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 9507)
+* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 9511)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 9514)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 9519)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 9522)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 9526)
+* \pmod: Math functions. (line 10441)
+* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 5528)
+* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 5529)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 13612)
+* \Pr: Math functions. (line 10444)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 9529)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 9532)
* \prevdepth: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2343)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 9481)
-* \printglossaries: Glossaries. (line 14892)
-* \printglossaries <1>: Glossaries. (line 14929)
-* \printindex: \printindex. (line 14877)
-* \printindex <1>: \printindex. (line 14881)
+ (line 2356)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 9536)
+* \printglossaries: Glossaries. (line 15060)
+* \printglossaries <1>: Glossaries. (line 15097)
+* \printindex: \printindex. (line 15045)
+* \printindex <1>: \printindex. (line 15049)
* \ProcessOptions: Class and package commands.
- (line 1151)
+ (line 1153)
* \ProcessOptions*: Class and package commands.
- (line 1151)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 9490)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 9493)
-* \protect: \protect. (line 7760)
-* \protected at write: \write. (line 15572)
-* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 7239)
+ (line 1153)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 9545)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 9548)
+* \protect: \protect. (line 7808)
+* \protected at write: \write. (line 15740)
+* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 7285)
* \ProvidesClass: Class and package commands.
- (line 1189)
+ (line 1191)
* \ProvidesFile: Class and package commands.
- (line 1222)
+ (line 1224)
* \ProvidesPackage: Class and package commands.
- (line 1189)
+ (line 1191)
* \ProvideTextCommand: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
- (line 1469)
+ (line 1471)
* \ProvideTextCommand <1>: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1518)
+ (line 1520)
* \ProvideTextCommandDefault: \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault.
- (line 1518)
-* \ps: \ps. (line 15267)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 9496)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 9499)
-* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 5518)
-* \put: \put. (line 4965)
-* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 5006)
+ (line 1520)
+* \ps: \ps. (line 15435)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 9551)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 9554)
+* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 5531)
+* \put: \put. (line 4978)
+* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 5019)
* \qquad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10580)
+ (line 10639)
* \qquad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11147)
+ (line 11277)
* \quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10574)
+ (line 10633)
* \quad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
- (line 11147)
-* \quotedblbase („): Text symbols. (line 13470)
-* \quotesinglbase (‚): Text symbols. (line 13471)
-* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 13706)
-* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 2160)
-* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 4183)
-* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 4130)
-* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 12148)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 9502)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 9507)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 9510)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 9514)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 9517)
-* \read: \read. (line 15399)
-* \ref: \ref. (line 3381)
-* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* \refname: thebibliography. (line 5978)
-* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 8112)
+ (line 11277)
+* \quotedblbase („): Text symbols. (line 13616)
+* \quotesinglbase (‚): Text symbols. (line 13617)
+* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 13852)
+* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 2173)
+* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 4196)
+* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 4143)
+* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 12294)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 9557)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 9562)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 9565)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 9569)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 9572)
+* \read: \read. (line 15567)
+* \ref: \ref. (line 3394)
+* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* \refname: thebibliography. (line 5991)
+* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 8160)
* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7482)
+ (line 7530)
* \RequirePackage: Class and package commands.
- (line 1231)
-* \RequirePackage, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 15980)
+ (line 1233)
+* \RequirePackage, and texput jobname: Jobname. (line 16158)
* \RequirePackageWithOptions: Class and package commands.
- (line 1231)
-* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 13288)
+ (line 1233)
+* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 13434)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 6456)
-* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 9523)
-* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 9528)
-* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8768)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 9533)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 9538)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 9544)
-* \right: \left & \right. (line 10014)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9549)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9554)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9558)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9561)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 9564)
-* \rightmargin: list. (line 4469)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 1779)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 1726)
+ (line 6469)
+* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 9578)
+* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 9583)
+* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 8848)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 9588)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 9593)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 9599)
+* \right: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9604)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 9609)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 9613)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 9616)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 9619)
+* \rightmargin: list. (line 4482)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 1781)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 1728)
* \roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7984)
+ (line 8032)
* \Roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7989)
-* \rotatebox: \rotatebox. (line 13189)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 13474)
-* \rule: \rule. (line 13879)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 13477)
-* \savebox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12194)
-* \sbox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12194)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 1782)
-* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 1747)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 9567)
-* \sec: Math functions. (line 10392)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* \section <1>: \section. (line 2777)
-* \seename: \index. (line 14652)
+ (line 8037)
+* \rotatebox: \rotatebox. (line 13335)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 13620)
+* \rule: \rule. (line 14025)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 13623)
+* \samepage: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+ (line 6849)
+* \savebox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12340)
+* \sbox: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12340)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 1784)
+* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* \scriptscriptstyle: Math styles. (line 10814)
+* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \scriptstyle: Math styles. (line 10814)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 1749)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 9622)
+* \sec: Math functions. (line 10447)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* \section <1>: \section. (line 2790)
+* \seename: \index. (line 14820)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1998)
-* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 8078)
-* \setlength: \setlength. (line 8314)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 9570)
-* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 8371)
-* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 8395)
-* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 8419)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 1785)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 1744)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 9576)
-* \ShellEscape: \write18. (line 15763)
-* \shipout and expansion: \write. (line 15567)
-* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 5198)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 9579)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 9582)
-* \signature: \signature. (line 15284)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 9586)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 9589)
-* \sin: Math functions. (line 10395)
-* \sinh: Math functions. (line 10398)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 1788)
-* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6578)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 1741)
-* \small: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 9592)
+ (line 2011)
+* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 8126)
+* \setlength: \setlength. (line 8365)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 9625)
+* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 8430)
+* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 8455)
+* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 8480)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 1787)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 1746)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 9631)
+* \ShellEscape: \write18. (line 15931)
+* \shipout and expansion: \write. (line 15735)
+* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 5211)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 9634)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 9637)
+* \signature: \signature. (line 15452)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 9641)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 9644)
+* \sin: Math functions. (line 10450)
+* \sinh: Math functions. (line 10453)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 1790)
+* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6591)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 1743)
+* \small: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 9647)
* \smallskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11673)
+ (line 11818)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 11674)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 9596)
-* \SPACE: \(SPACE). (line 11418)
-* \SPACE <1>: \(SPACE). (line 11418)
-* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 11281)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 9599)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 9602)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 9606)
-* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 10784)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 9610)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 9615)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 9620)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 9625)
+ (line 11819)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 9651)
+* \<SPACE>: \(SPACE). (line 11549)
+* \<SPACE> <1>: \(SPACE). (line 11549)
+* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 11411)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 9654)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 9657)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 9661)
+* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 10913)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 9665)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 9670)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 9675)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 9680)
* \ss (ß): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13815)
+ (line 13961)
* \SS (SS): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13815)
-* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 10800)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 9630)
-* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 8130)
+ (line 13961)
+* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 10929)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 9685)
+* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 8178)
* \stop: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16038)
-* \stretch: \stretch. (line 8443)
-* \strut: \strut. (line 11717)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 16216)
+* \stretch: \stretch. (line 8505)
+* \strut: \strut. (line 11862)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* \subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2855)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 9638)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 9641)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 2932)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2868)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 9693)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 9696)
+* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* \subsubsection <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 9644)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 9647)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 9652)
-* \sup: Math functions. (line 10401)
-* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 2475)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 9655)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 9658)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 9661)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 9666)
+ (line 2932)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 9699)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 9702)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 9707)
+* \sup: Math functions. (line 10456)
+* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 2488)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 9710)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 9713)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 9716)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 9721)
* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13411)
-* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 13712)
-* \TAB: \(SPACE). (line 11418)
-* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 5523)
-* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 5781)
+ (line 13557)
+* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 13858)
+* \<TAB>: \(SPACE). (line 11549)
+* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 5536)
+* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 5794)
* \tableofcontents: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
-* \tableofcontents <1>: \contentsline. (line 14472)
-* \tan: Math functions. (line 10404)
-* \tanh: Math functions. (line 10407)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 9669)
-* \telephone: \telephone. (line 15314)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 13481)
-* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13519)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 13484)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 13487)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 13490)
+ (line 14323)
+* \tableofcontents <1>: \contentsline. (line 14620)
+* \tan: Math functions. (line 10459)
+* \tanh: Math functions. (line 10462)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 9724)
+* \telephone: \telephone. (line 15482)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 13627)
+* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13665)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 13630)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 13633)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 13636)
* \textbackslash: Reserved characters.
- (line 13338)
-* \textbackslash <1>: Text symbols. (line 13493)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 13496)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 13499)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 1735)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 13502)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 13505)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 13508)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 13511)
-* \textcapitalcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13518)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 13514)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13517)
-* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 13431)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 13526)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 13529)
-* \textdollar (or \$): Text symbols. (line 13532)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13455)
-* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 13535)
-* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 13541)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 13544)
-* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 13552)
-* \textfiguredash: Text symbols. (line 13555)
-* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 2511)
-* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2512)
-* \textfraction: Floats. (line 2490)
-* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2491)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 13562)
+ (line 13484)
+* \textbackslash <1>: Text symbols. (line 13639)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 13642)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 13645)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 1737)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 13648)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 13651)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 13654)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 13657)
+* \textcapitalcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13664)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 13660)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 13663)
+* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 13577)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 13672)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 13675)
+* \textdollar (or \$): Text symbols. (line 13678)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13601)
+* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 13681)
+* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 13687)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 13690)
+* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 13698)
+* \textfiguredash: Text symbols. (line 13701)
+* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 2524)
+* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 2525)
+* \textfraction: Floats. (line 2503)
+* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2504)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 13708)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2256)
+ (line 2269)
* \textheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2257)
-* \texthorizontalbar: Text symbols. (line 13565)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 1729)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 13573)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 13570)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 1732)
-* \textnonbreakinghyphen: Text symbols. (line 13576)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 1753)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 13582)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 13583)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 13463)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 13586)
-* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 13589)
-* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 13592)
-* \textquotedblright (or ''): Text symbols. (line 13595)
-* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 13598)
-* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 13601)
-* \textquotesingle: Text symbols. (line 13604)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 13607)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 13608)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 13611)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 13614)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 1726)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 1747)
-* \textsection: Text symbols. (line 13478)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 1744)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 1741)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 13467)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 13617)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 13620)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 1750)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 13623)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 13626)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 1738)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 13629)
+ (line 2270)
+* \texthorizontalbar: Text symbols. (line 13711)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 1731)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 13719)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 13716)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 1734)
+* \textnonbreakinghyphen: Text symbols. (line 13722)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 1755)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 13728)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 13729)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 13609)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 13732)
+* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 13735)
+* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 13738)
+* \textquotedblright (or ''): Text symbols. (line 13741)
+* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 13744)
+* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 13747)
+* \textquotesingle: Text symbols. (line 13750)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 13753)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 13754)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 13757)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 13760)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 1728)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 1749)
+* \textsection: Text symbols. (line 13624)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 1746)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 1743)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 13613)
+* \textstyle: Math styles. (line 10814)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 13763)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 13766)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 1752)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 13769)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 13772)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 1740)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 13775)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2264)
+ (line 2277)
* \textwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2265)
+ (line 2278)
* \th (þ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13819)
+ (line 13965)
* \TH (Þ): Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13819)
-* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 10946)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 9672)
-* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 5135)
+ (line 13965)
+* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11079)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 9727)
+* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 5148)
* \thickspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10532)
-* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 5127)
+ (line 10587)
+* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 5140)
* \thinspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10553)
+ (line 10611)
* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
-* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 11109)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 10452)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 9676)
-* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 1845)
-* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 10953)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 9679)
-* \today: \today. (line 13914)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 9683)
-* \topfraction: Floats. (line 2495)
-* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2496)
+ (line 11663)
+* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 11242)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 10507)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 9731)
+* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 1847)
+* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 11086)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 9734)
+* \today: \today. (line 14060)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 9738)
+* \topfraction: Floats. (line 2508)
+* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 2509)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2289)
-* \topsep: list. (line 4474)
+ (line 2302)
+* \topsep: list. (line 4487)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2296)
+ (line 2309)
* \topskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2297)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 9688)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 9691)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 9697)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 1791)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 1750)
-* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 2032)
-* \typein: \typein. (line 15430)
-* \typeout: \typeout. (line 15475)
-* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 13716)
+ (line 2310)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 9743)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 9746)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 9752)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 1793)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 1752)
+* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 2045)
+* \typein: \typein. (line 15598)
+* \typeout: \typeout. (line 15643)
+* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 13862)
* \unboldmath: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9881)
+ (line 9936)
* \unboldmath <1>: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9889)
-* \underbar: Accents. (line 13682)
+ (line 9944)
+* \underbar: Accents. (line 13828)
* \underbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10490)
+ (line 10545)
* \underline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10473)
-* \unitlength: picture. (line 4860)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 9703)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 9709)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 9715)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 9719)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 9723)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 9728)
-* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 9733)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 9738)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 1738)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 9745)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 9748)
-* \usebox: \usebox. (line 12302)
-* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 8019)
+ (line 10528)
+* \unitlength: picture. (line 4873)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 9758)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 9764)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 9770)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 9774)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 9778)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 9783)
+* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 9788)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 9793)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 1740)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 9800)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 9803)
+* \usebox: \usebox. (line 12448)
+* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 8067)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 2006)
+ (line 2019)
* \usepackage: Additional packages.
- (line 828)
+ (line 830)
* \UseTextAccent: \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent.
- (line 1663)
+ (line 1665)
* \UseTextSymbol: \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent.
- (line 1663)
-* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 13720)
-* \value: \value. (line 8045)
-* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 9756)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 9751)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 9761)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 9765)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 9769)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 9773)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 9777)
-* \vbox plain TeX: minipage. (line 4731)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 9781)
-* \vdots: Dots. (line 10235)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 10455)
-* \vector: \vector. (line 5240)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 9785)
-* \verb: \verb. (line 6290)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 9789)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 9793)
-* \vfill: \vfill. (line 11853)
-* \vline: \vline. (line 5874)
-* \vspace: \vspace. (line 11802)
-* \vtop plain TeX: minipage. (line 4727)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 9800)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 10458)
-* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 10461)
-* \wlog: \wlog. (line 15680)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 9804)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 9807)
-* \write: \write. (line 15508)
+ (line 1665)
+* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 13866)
+* \value: \value. (line 8093)
+* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 9811)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 9806)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 9816)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 9820)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 9824)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 9828)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 9832)
+* \vbox plain TeX: minipage. (line 4744)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 9836)
+* \vdots: Dots. (line 10290)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 10510)
+* \vector: \vector. (line 5253)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 9840)
+* \verb: \verb. (line 6303)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 9844)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 9848)
+* \vfill: \vfill. (line 11998)
+* \vline: \vline. (line 5887)
+* \vspace: \vspace. (line 11947)
+* \vtop plain TeX: minipage. (line 4740)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 9855)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 10513)
+* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 10516)
+* \wlog: \wlog. (line 15848)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 9859)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 9862)
+* \write: \write. (line 15676)
* \write and security: \write and security.
- (line 15610)
-* \write streams 16, 17, 18: \write. (line 15588)
-* \write18: \write18. (line 15698)
+ (line 15778)
+* \write streams 16, 17, 18: \write. (line 15756)
+* \write18: \write18. (line 15866)
* \write18, enabling: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 9810)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 9813)
-* \xspace: xspace package. (line 7886)
+ (line 16041)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 9865)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 9868)
+* \xspace: xspace package. (line 7934)
* \year: \day & \month & \year.
- (line 8145)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 9816)
-* \[...\] display math: displaymath. (line 3773)
-* \\ (for center): center. (line 3617)
-* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3925)
-* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 4169)
-* \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 5224)
-* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5468)
-* \\ for flushleft: flushleft. (line 4109)
-* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 15072)
-* \\ for tabular: tabular. (line 5644)
-* \\ for verse: verse. (line 6356)
-* \\ for \author: \maketitle. (line 10933)
-* \\ for \title: \maketitle. (line 10954)
-* \\ force line break: \\. (line 6394)
-* \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3933)
+ (line 8193)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 9871)
+* \[...\] display math: displaymath. (line 3786)
+* \\ (for center): center. (line 3630)
+* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3938)
+* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 4182)
+* \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 5237)
+* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5481)
+* \\ for flushleft: flushleft. (line 4122)
+* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 15240)
+* \\ for tabular: tabular. (line 5657)
+* \\ for verse: verse. (line 6369)
+* \\ for \author: \maketitle. (line 11066)
+* \\ for \title: \maketitle. (line 11087)
+* \\ force line break: \\. (line 6407)
+* \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 3946)
* \^: Reserved characters.
- (line 13338)
-* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 13669)
+ (line 13484)
+* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 13815)
* \_: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
-* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 13673)
-* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5495)
+ (line 13477)
+* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 13819)
+* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 5508)
* \{: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
-* \|: Math symbols. (line 8968)
+ (line 13477)
+* \|: Math symbols. (line 9023)
* \}: Reserved characters.
- (line 13331)
+ (line 13477)
* \~: Reserved characters.
- (line 13338)
-* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 13677)
+ (line 13484)
+* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 13823)
* ^ superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8893)
-* ^^J, in \write: \write. (line 15597)
+ (line 8948)
+* ^^J, in \write: \write. (line 15765)
* _ subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8893)
+ (line 8948)
* {...} for required arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 591)
-* ~: ~. (line 11459)
+ (line 593)
+* ~: ~. (line 11603)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
+ (line 744)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
-* abstract environment: abstract. (line 3482)
-* abstract package: abstract. (line 3503)
-* abstracts: abstract. (line 3482)
-* accents: Accents. (line 13635)
+ (line 744)
+* abstract environment: abstract. (line 3495)
+* abstract package: abstract. (line 3516)
+* abstracts: abstract. (line 3495)
+* accents: Accents. (line 13781)
* accents, defining: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1384)
+ (line 1386)
* accents, defining <1>: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1418)
+ (line 1420)
* accents, defining <2>: \DeclareTextAccentDefault.
- (line 1441)
+ (line 1443)
* accents, defining <3>: \DeclareTextComposite.
- (line 1550)
+ (line 1552)
* accents, defining <4>: \DeclareTextCompositeCommand.
- (line 1575)
+ (line 1577)
* accents, defining <5>: \DeclareTextSymbolDefault.
- (line 1620)
-* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 10421)
+ (line 1622)
+* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 10476)
* accessing any character of a font: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13411)
-* acronyms, list of: Glossaries. (line 14892)
-* acute accent: Accents. (line 13658)
-* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 10426)
+ (line 13557)
+* acronyms, list of: Glossaries. (line 15060)
+* acute accent: Accents. (line 13804)
+* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 10481)
* additional packages, loading: Additional packages.
- (line 828)
-* adjustbox package: Boxes. (line 11932)
+ (line 830)
+* adjustbox package: Boxes. (line 12078)
* ae ligature: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13779)
-* algorithm2e package: tabbing. (line 5548)
-* align environment, from amsmath: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 5408)
-* amscd package: Arrows. (line 9875)
-* amsfonts package: Math formulas. (line 8882)
-* amsfonts package <1>: Arrows. (line 9840)
-* amsmath package: array. (line 3577)
-* amsmath package <1>: array. (line 3588)
-* amsmath package <2>: displaymath. (line 3769)
-* amsmath package <3>: equation. (line 3972)
-* amsmath package <4>: theorem. (line 6199)
-* amsmath package <5>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
-* amsmath package <6>: \left & \right. (line 10038)
+ (line 13925)
+* algorithm2e package: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* align environment, from amsmath: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 5421)
+* amscd package: Arrows. (line 9930)
+* amsfonts package: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* amsfonts package <1>: Arrows. (line 9895)
+* amsmath package: array. (line 3590)
+* amsmath package <1>: array. (line 3601)
+* amsmath package <2>: displaymath. (line 3782)
+* amsmath package <3>: equation. (line 3985)
+* amsmath package <4>: theorem. (line 6212)
+* amsmath package <5>: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* amsmath package <6>: \left & \right. (line 10093)
* amsmath package <7>: \bigl & \bigr etc..
- (line 10183)
-* amsmath package <8>: Dots. (line 10238)
-* amsmath package <9>: Math functions. (line 10410)
-* amsmath package <10>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10695)
-* amsmath package <11>: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 10745)
+ (line 10238)
+* amsmath package <8>: Dots. (line 10293)
+* amsmath package <9>: Math functions. (line 10465)
+* amsmath package <10>: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 10587)
+* amsmath package <11>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+ (line 10756)
* amsmath package <12>: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 10749)
-* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* amsthm package: theorem. (line 6199)
-* amsthm package <1>: \rule. (line 13891)
-* answers package: \write. (line 15602)
-* appendices: \appendix. (line 2986)
-* appendix: \appendix. (line 2986)
-* appendix package: \appendix. (line 3009)
+ (line 10874)
+* amsmath package <13>: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 10878)
+* amsmath package <14>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 11683)
+* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* amsthm package: theorem. (line 6212)
+* amsthm package <1>: \rule. (line 14037)
+* answers package: \write. (line 15770)
+* appendices: \appendix. (line 2999)
+* appendix: \appendix. (line 2999)
+* appendix package: \appendix. (line 3022)
* aring: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13775)
-* array (package) package: array. (line 3599)
-* array environment: array. (line 3528)
-* arrays, math: array. (line 3528)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 13574)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 13615)
-* arrows: Arrows. (line 9840)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 699)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 13520)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 13485)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 13488)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 13491)
-* Asymptote package: \line. (line 5100)
-* Asymptote package <1>: \strut. (line 11773)
-* Asymptote package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12006)
-* Asymptote package <3>: \write18. (line 15705)
-* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7741)
-* at-sign: \@. (line 11342)
-* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 10933)
-* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 486)
+ (line 13921)
+* array (package) package: array. (line 3612)
+* array environment: array. (line 3541)
+* arrays, math: array. (line 3541)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 13720)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 13761)
+* arrows: Arrows. (line 9895)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 701)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 13666)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 13631)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 13634)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 13637)
+* Asymptote package: \line. (line 5113)
+* Asymptote package <1>: \strut. (line 11918)
+* Asymptote package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12152)
+* Asymptote package <3>: \write18. (line 15873)
+* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7789)
+* at-sign: \@. (line 11472)
+* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11066)
+* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 488)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
-* babel package: \chapter. (line 2749)
-* babel package <1>: thebibliography. (line 5987)
-* babel package <2>: Accents. (line 13635)
-* babel package <3>: \today. (line 13921)
+ (line 744)
+* babel package: \chapter. (line 2762)
+* babel package <1>: thebibliography. (line 6000)
+* babel package <2>: Accents. (line 13781)
+* babel package <3>: \today. (line 14067)
* babel package <4>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14295)
-* babel package <5>: \index. (line 14652)
+ (line 14441)
+* babel package <5>: \index. (line 14820)
* back matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* background, colored: Colored pages. (line 12550)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 13494)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 13500)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 13497)
-* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 13665)
-* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10429)
-* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 13680)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 397)
+ (line 3032)
+* background, colored: Colored pages. (line 12696)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 13640)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 13646)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 13643)
+* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 13811)
+* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10484)
+* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 13826)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 399)
* batchmode: Command line options.
- (line 15839)
-* beamer package: beamer template. (line 16066)
-* beamer template and class: beamer template. (line 16066)
-* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3803)
+ (line 16007)
+* beamer package: beamer template. (line 16244)
+* beamer template and class: beamer template. (line 16244)
+* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 3816)
* bibliography format, open: Document class options.
- (line 790)
-* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 6119)
-* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 5940)
-* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 6119)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 13503)
-* big point: Units of length. (line 8278)
+ (line 792)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 6132)
+* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 5953)
+* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 6132)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 13649)
+* big point: Units of length. (line 8329)
* bigfoot package: Footnotes of footnotes.
- (line 7091)
+ (line 7104)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 776)
-* blackboard bold: Blackboard bold. (line 9921)
+ (line 778)
+* blackboard bold: Blackboard bold. (line 9976)
* bm package: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9907)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 1771)
-* bold math: Font styles. (line 1824)
-* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 3727)
+ (line 9962)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 1773)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 1826)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 3740)
* boldface mathematics: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9881)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 699)
+ (line 9936)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 701)
* book, back matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
+ (line 3032)
* book, end matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
+ (line 3032)
* book, front matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
+ (line 3032)
* book, main matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 2518)
-* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2519)
-* bounding box: \includegraphics. (line 12984)
-* box: \mbox & \makebox. (line 11938)
-* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 7454)
-* box, bounding: \includegraphics. (line 12984)
-* box, colored: Colored boxes. (line 12513)
-* box, save: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12194)
-* box, use saved box: \usebox. (line 12302)
-* boxes: Boxes. (line 11929)
-* bp: Units of length. (line 8278)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 13506)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 13509)
-* braces: Delimiters. (line 9964)
-* brackets: Delimiters. (line 9964)
-* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6377)
-* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6668)
-* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 10756)
-* breve accent: Accents. (line 13716)
-* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 10432)
+ (line 3032)
+* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 2531)
+* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2532)
+* bounding box: \includegraphics. (line 13130)
+* box: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12084)
+* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 7502)
+* box, bounding: \includegraphics. (line 13130)
+* box, colored: Colored boxes. (line 12659)
+* box, save: \sbox & \savebox. (line 12340)
+* box, use saved box: \usebox. (line 12448)
+* boxes: Boxes. (line 12075)
+* bp: Units of length. (line 8329)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 13652)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 13655)
+* braces: Delimiters. (line 10019)
+* brackets: Delimiters. (line 10019)
+* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6390)
+* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6681)
+* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 10885)
+* breve accent: Accents. (line 13862)
+* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 10487)
* bug reporting: About this document.
- (line 373)
-* bullet lists: itemize. (line 4210)
-* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 9061)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 13512)
-* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 4210)
-* calligraphic fonts: Calligraphic. (line 9947)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 1774)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 13520)
-* caron accent: Accents. (line 13720)
+ (line 375)
+* bullet lists: itemize. (line 4223)
+* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 9116)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 13658)
+* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 4223)
+* calligraphic fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10002)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 1776)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 13666)
+* caron accent: Accents. (line 13866)
* catcode: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7280)
+ (line 7326)
* category code, character: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7280)
-* cc: Units of length. (line 8291)
-* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 15134)
-* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 13690)
-* center environment: center. (line 3607)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 13491)
+ (line 7326)
+* cc: Units of length. (line 8342)
+* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 15302)
+* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 13836)
+* center environment: center. (line 3620)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 13637)
* centered equations: Document class options.
- (line 780)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 13587)
-* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 3655)
-* centering text, environment for: center. (line 3607)
-* centimeter: Units of length. (line 8282)
+ (line 782)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 13733)
+* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 3668)
+* centering text, environment for: center. (line 3620)
+* centimeter: Units of length. (line 8333)
* changing case of characters: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13357)
-* chapter: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2684)
+ (line 13503)
+* chapter: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 2697)
+* chapter counter: Counters. (line 7993)
* character category code: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7280)
-* character encoding: inputenc package. (line 13835)
+ (line 7326)
+* character encoding: inputenc package. (line 13981)
* character, invisible: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
-* character, invisible <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10708)
-* characters, accented: Accents. (line 13635)
+ (line 10706)
+* character, invisible <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* characters, accented: Accents. (line 13781)
* characters, case of: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13357)
+ (line 13503)
* characters, non-English: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
+ (line 13915)
* characters, reserved: Reserved characters.
- (line 13323)
+ (line 13469)
* characters, special: Reserved characters.
- (line 13323)
-* check accent: Accents. (line 13720)
-* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 10435)
-* cicero: Units of length. (line 8291)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 13503)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 13515)
-* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 13669)
-* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 10447)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 13485)
-* citation key: \bibitem. (line 6004)
+ (line 13469)
+* check accent: Accents. (line 13866)
+* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 10490)
+* cicero: Units of length. (line 8342)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 13649)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 13661)
+* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 13815)
+* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 10502)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 13631)
+* citation key: \bibitem. (line 6017)
* class and package commands: Class and package commands.
- (line 914)
+ (line 916)
* class and package difference: Class and package construction.
- (line 853)
+ (line 855)
* class and package structure: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
+ (line 869)
* class file example: Class and package structure.
- (line 900)
+ (line 902)
* class file layout: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
+ (line 869)
* class options: Document class options.
- (line 729)
+ (line 731)
* class options <1>: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
+ (line 869)
* class options <2>: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
-* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 694)
-* cleveref package: Cross references. (line 3291)
-* cleveref package <1>: \ref. (line 3404)
-* cleveref package <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6972)
+ (line 976)
+* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 696)
+* cleveref package: Cross references. (line 3304)
+* cleveref package <1>: \ref. (line 3417)
+* cleveref package <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6985)
* CLI: Command line interface.
- (line 15774)
+ (line 15942)
* clock option to slides class: Document class options.
- (line 822)
-* closing letters: \closing. (line 15150)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 13475)
-* cm: Units of length. (line 8282)
-* cm-super package: fontenc package. (line 1327)
-* cmd.exe, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15752)
-* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6246)
+ (line 824)
+* closing letters: \closing. (line 15318)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 13621)
+* cm: Units of length. (line 8333)
+* cm-super package: fontenc package. (line 1329)
+* cmd.exe, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15920)
+* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6259)
* colon character: Colon character & \colon.
- (line 10736)
-* color: Color. (line 12315)
-* color <1>: Define colors. (line 12420)
-* color <2>: Colored text. (line 12442)
-* color <3>: Colored boxes. (line 12513)
-* color <4>: Colored pages. (line 12550)
-* color models: Color models. (line 12368)
+ (line 10865)
+* color: Color. (line 12461)
+* color <1>: Define colors. (line 12566)
+* color <2>: Colored text. (line 12588)
+* color <3>: Colored boxes. (line 12659)
+* color <4>: Colored pages. (line 12696)
+* color models: Color models. (line 12514)
* color package commands: Commands for color.
- (line 12415)
+ (line 12561)
* color package options: Color package options.
- (line 12330)
-* color, define: Define colors. (line 12420)
-* colored boxes: Colored boxes. (line 12513)
-* colored page: Colored pages. (line 12550)
-* colored text: Colored text. (line 12442)
+ (line 12476)
+* color, define: Define colors. (line 12566)
+* colored boxes: Colored boxes. (line 12659)
+* colored page: Colored pages. (line 12696)
+* colored text: Colored text. (line 12588)
* command line interface: Command line interface.
- (line 15774)
+ (line 15942)
* command syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 591)
+ (line 593)
* commands, class and package: Class and package commands.
- (line 914)
+ (line 916)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7112)
-* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 7239)
+ (line 7125)
+* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 7285)
* commands, document class: Class and package construction.
- (line 844)
+ (line 846)
* commands, graphics package: Commands for graphics.
- (line 12862)
+ (line 13008)
* commands, ignore spaces: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7812)
-* commands, ignore spaces <1>: xspace package. (line 7886)
+ (line 7860)
+* commands, ignore spaces <1>: xspace package. (line 7934)
* commands, redefining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7112)
-* commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 15698)
-* commands, star-variants: \@ifstar. (line 7316)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 13520)
-* comprehensive package: Math symbols. (line 8956)
-* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6246)
+ (line 7125)
+* commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 15866)
+* commands, star-variants: \@ifstar. (line 7362)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 13666)
+* comprehensive package: Math symbols. (line 9011)
+* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6259)
* configuration, graphics package: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12672)
-* contents file: Output files. (line 496)
-* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 13432)
-* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 7935)
-* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 7391)
-* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 8045)
+ (line 12818)
+* contents file: Output files. (line 498)
+* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 13578)
+* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 7983)
+* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 7437)
+* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 8093)
* counters, printing: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 7963)
-* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 8078)
-* cprotect package: verbatim. (line 6266)
-* cprotect package <1>: \verb. (line 6329)
-* creating pictures: picture. (line 4838)
-* creating tables: table. (line 5557)
-* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 10947)
-* cross references: Cross references. (line 3259)
-* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 486)
-* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 3357)
-* cross referencing, across documents: xr package. (line 3410)
-* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 3381)
-* CTAN: CTAN. (line 666)
-* curly braces: Delimiters. (line 9964)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 13533)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 13545)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 13530)
-* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13435)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 13527)
-* DANTE e.V.: CTAN. (line 680)
-* datatool package: \read. (line 15424)
-* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 10941)
-* date, today's: \today. (line 13914)
-* datetime package: \today. (line 13935)
-* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 2522)
-* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2523)
-* dcolumn package: array. (line 3599)
-* dd: Units of length. (line 8288)
-* declaration form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1858)
-* declaration form of font style commands: Font styles. (line 1703)
-* define color: Define colors. (line 12420)
+ (line 8011)
+* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 8126)
+* cprotect package: verbatim. (line 6279)
+* cprotect package <1>: \verb. (line 6342)
+* creating pictures: picture. (line 4851)
+* creating tables: table. (line 5570)
+* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 11080)
+* cross references: Cross references. (line 3272)
+* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 488)
+* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 3370)
+* cross referencing, across documents: xr package. (line 3423)
+* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 3394)
+* CTAN: CTAN. (line 668)
+* curly braces: Delimiters. (line 10019)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 13679)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 13691)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 13676)
+* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13581)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 13673)
+* DANTE e.V.: CTAN. (line 682)
+* datatool package: \read. (line 15592)
+* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11074)
+* date, today's: \today. (line 14060)
+* datetime package: \today. (line 14081)
+* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 2535)
+* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2536)
+* dcolumn package: array. (line 3612)
+* dd: Units of length. (line 8339)
+* declaration form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1860)
+* declaration form of font style commands: Font styles. (line 1705)
+* define color: Define colors. (line 12566)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7112)
-* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 7239)
+ (line 7125)
+* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 7285)
* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7482)
-* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 7728)
-* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 7616)
-* definitions: Definitions. (line 7107)
-* delayed \write: \write. (line 15567)
-* delimiters: Delimiters. (line 9964)
-* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 10014)
-* delim_0: makeindex. (line 14821)
-* delim_1: makeindex. (line 14825)
-* delim_2: makeindex. (line 14829)
-* delim_n: makeindex. (line 14833)
-* delim_r: makeindex. (line 14837)
-* description: \newglossaryentry. (line 14980)
-* description environment: description. (line 3697)
-* description lists, creating: description. (line 3697)
-* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7741)
-* didot point: Units of length. (line 8288)
-* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 13654)
+ (line 7530)
+* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 7776)
+* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 7664)
+* definitions: Definitions. (line 7120)
+* delayed \write: \write. (line 15735)
+* delimiters: Delimiters. (line 10019)
+* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* delim_0: makeindex. (line 14989)
+* delim_1: makeindex. (line 14993)
+* delim_2: makeindex. (line 14997)
+* delim_n: makeindex. (line 15001)
+* delim_r: makeindex. (line 15005)
+* description: \newglossaryentry. (line 15148)
+* description environment: description. (line 3710)
+* description lists, creating: description. (line 3710)
+* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 7789)
+* didot point: Units of length. (line 8339)
+* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 13800)
* difference between class and package: Class and package construction.
- (line 853)
-* dimen plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8167)
-* directory listings, from system: \write18. (line 15757)
-* discretionary breaks, multiplication: \*. (line 10756)
-* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6555)
-* display math mode: Modes. (line 10833)
+ (line 855)
+* dimen plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8218)
+* directory listings, from system: \write18. (line 15925)
+* discretionary breaks, multiplication: \*. (line 10885)
+* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6568)
+* display math mode: Modes. (line 10964)
+* display style: Math styles. (line 10803)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
- (line 5378)
+ (line 5391)
* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
- (line 5378)
-* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 3753)
-* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 8802)
+ (line 5391)
+* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 3766)
+* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
* document class commands: Class and package construction.
- (line 844)
+ (line 846)
* document class options: Document class options.
- (line 729)
+ (line 731)
* document class, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 438)
-* document classes: Document classes. (line 694)
-* document environment: document. (line 3797)
-* document root name: Jobname. (line 15956)
+ (line 440)
+* document classes: Document classes. (line 696)
+* document environment: document. (line 3810)
+* document root name: Jobname. (line 16134)
* document templates: Document templates.
- (line 16059)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 13533)
-* dot accent: Accents. (line 13661)
-* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10441)
-* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 13661)
-* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 13694)
-* dotless i: Accents. (line 13648)
-* dotless i, math: Math symbols. (line 9214)
-* dotless j: Accents. (line 13648)
-* dotless j, math: Math symbols. (line 9234)
-* dots: Dots. (line 10208)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13438)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 13530)
-* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 10438)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 13593)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 13472)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 13609)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+ (line 16237)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 13679)
+* dot accent: Accents. (line 13807)
+* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 10496)
+* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 13807)
+* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 13840)
+* dotless i: Accents. (line 13794)
+* dotless i, math: Math symbols. (line 9269)
+* dotless j: Accents. (line 13794)
+* dotless j, math: Math symbols. (line 9289)
+* dots: Dots. (line 10263)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 13584)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 13676)
+* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 10493)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 13739)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 13618)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 13755)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 13742)
* double spacing: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 13500)
-* doublestruck: Blackboard bold. (line 9921)
+ (line 2317)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 13646)
+* doublestruck: Blackboard bold. (line 9976)
* draft option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* dvilualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 562)
-* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 463)
-* dvips command: Output files. (line 463)
-* dvitype command: Output files. (line 463)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 13542)
-* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 515)
-* ellipses: Dots. (line 10208)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13456)
-* em: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* em <1>: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13536)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 13618)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 13624)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 1755)
-* enclosure list: \encl. (line 15163)
+ (line 774)
+* dvilualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 564)
+* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 465)
+* dvips command: Output files. (line 465)
+* dvitype command: Output files. (line 465)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 13688)
+* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 517)
+* ellipses: Dots. (line 10263)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 13602)
+* em: Units of length. (line 8347)
+* em <1>: Units of length. (line 8347)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13682)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 13764)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 13770)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 1757)
+* enclosure list: \encl. (line 15331)
* encoding, font: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1384)
-* encoding, of input files: inputenc package. (line 13835)
+ (line 1386)
+* encoding, of input files: inputenc package. (line 13981)
* end matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 3819)
+ (line 3032)
+* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 3832)
* ending and starting: Starting and ending.
- (line 427)
-* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 6773)
-* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 3835)
-* enumitem package: itemize. (line 4270)
-* enumitem package <1>: list. (line 4568)
+ (line 429)
+* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 6786)
+* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 3848)
+* enumi counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* enumii counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* enumiii counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* enumitem package: itemize. (line 4283)
+* enumitem package <1>: list. (line 4581)
+* enumiv counter: Counters. (line 7993)
* environment: Starting and ending.
- (line 446)
-* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1870)
-* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 3482)
-* environment, array: array. (line 3528)
-* environment, center: center. (line 3607)
-* environment, description: description. (line 3697)
-* environment, displaymath: displaymath. (line 3753)
-* environment, displaymath <1>: Math formulas. (line 8802)
-* environment, document: document. (line 3797)
-* environment, enumerate: enumerate. (line 3835)
-* environment, eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* environment, equation: equation. (line 3958)
-* environment, equation <1>: Math formulas. (line 8802)
-* environment, figure: figure. (line 3978)
-* environment, filecontents: filecontents. (line 4036)
-* environment, filecontents*: filecontents. (line 4036)
-* environment, flushleft: flushleft. (line 4101)
-* environment, flushright: flushright. (line 4163)
-* environment, itemize: itemize. (line 4210)
-* environment, letter: letter. (line 4298)
-* environment, list: list. (line 4303)
-* environment, math: math. (line 4668)
-* environment, math <1>: Math formulas. (line 8802)
-* environment, minipage: minipage. (line 4680)
-* environment, picture: picture. (line 4838)
-* environment, quotation: quotation & quote. (line 5378)
-* environment, quote: quotation & quote. (line 5378)
-* environment, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5408)
-* environment, table: table. (line 5557)
-* environment, tabular: tabular. (line 5615)
-* environment, thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 5940)
-* environment, theorem: theorem. (line 6177)
-* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 7616)
-* environment, titlepage: titlepage. (line 6207)
-* environment, verbatim: verbatim. (line 6246)
-* environment, verse: verse. (line 6341)
-* environments: Environments. (line 3465)
+ (line 448)
+* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 1883)
+* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 3495)
+* environment, array: array. (line 3541)
+* environment, center: center. (line 3620)
+* environment, description: description. (line 3710)
+* environment, displaymath: displaymath. (line 3766)
+* environment, displaymath <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* environment, document: document. (line 3810)
+* environment, enumerate: enumerate. (line 3848)
+* environment, eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* environment, equation: equation. (line 3971)
+* environment, equation <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* environment, figure: figure. (line 3991)
+* environment, filecontents: filecontents. (line 4049)
+* environment, filecontents*: filecontents. (line 4049)
+* environment, flushleft: flushleft. (line 4114)
+* environment, flushright: flushright. (line 4176)
+* environment, itemize: itemize. (line 4223)
+* environment, letter: letter. (line 4311)
+* environment, list: list. (line 4316)
+* environment, math: math. (line 4681)
+* environment, math <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* environment, minipage: minipage. (line 4693)
+* environment, picture: picture. (line 4851)
+* environment, quotation: quotation & quote. (line 5391)
+* environment, quote: quotation & quote. (line 5391)
+* environment, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5421)
+* environment, table: table. (line 5570)
+* environment, tabular: tabular. (line 5628)
+* environment, thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 5953)
+* environment, theorem: theorem. (line 6190)
+* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 7664)
+* environment, titlepage: titlepage. (line 6220)
+* environment, verbatim: verbatim. (line 6259)
+* environment, verse: verse. (line 6354)
+* environments: Environments. (line 3478)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7482)
-* envlab package: \makelabels. (line 15237)
-* EPS files: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* equation environment: equation. (line 3958)
-* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 8802)
-* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3381)
+ (line 7530)
+* envlab package: \makelabels. (line 15405)
+* EPS files: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* equation counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* equation environment: equation. (line 3971)
+* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3394)
* equation numbers, left vs. right: Document class options.
- (line 786)
-* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 3937)
-* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* equations, environment for: equation. (line 3958)
+ (line 788)
+* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 3950)
+* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* equations, environment for: equation. (line 3971)
* equations, flush left vs. centered: Document class options.
- (line 780)
+ (line 782)
* errorstopmode: Command line options.
- (line 15839)
+ (line 16007)
* es-zet German letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13815)
-* etex command: TeX engines. (line 515)
+ (line 13961)
+* etex command: TeX engines. (line 517)
* eth, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13783)
+ (line 13929)
* etoolbox package: Class and package commands.
- (line 1018)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 13545)
-* eurosym package: Text symbols. (line 13545)
-* eurosym package <1>: Text symbols. (line 13546)
-* ex: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* ex <1>: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 13553)
+ (line 1020)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 13691)
+* eurosym package: Text symbols. (line 13691)
+* eurosym package <1>: Text symbols. (line 13692)
+* ex: Units of length. (line 8347)
+* ex <1>: Units of length. (line 8347)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 13699)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
+ (line 744)
* expl3 package: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 622)
+ (line 624)
* expl3 package <1>: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13400)
+ (line 13546)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8893)
-* expressions: Expressions. (line 8479)
+ (line 8948)
+* expressions: Expressions. (line 8541)
* extended Latin: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
-* external commands: \write18. (line 15698)
-* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 4036)
-* fallback jobname: Jobname. (line 15975)
+ (line 13915)
+* external commands: \write18. (line 15866)
+* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 4049)
+* fallback jobname: Jobname. (line 16153)
* families, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1901)
-* fancyhdr package: Page styles. (line 10890)
-* fancyhdr package <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11032)
-* fancyvrb package: tabbing. (line 5548)
-* fancyvrb package <1>: verbatim. (line 6282)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 13584)
-* figure dash character: Text symbols. (line 13556)
-* figure environment: figure. (line 3978)
-* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3381)
-* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 4781)
-* figures, inserting: figure. (line 3978)
+ (line 1914)
+* fancyhdr package: Page styles. (line 11023)
+* fancyhdr package <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11165)
+* fancyvrb package: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* fancyvrb package <1>: verbatim. (line 6295)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 13730)
+* figure counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* figure dash character: Text symbols. (line 13702)
+* figure environment: figure. (line 3991)
+* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3394)
+* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 4794)
+* figures, inserting: figure. (line 3991)
* file, closing: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
+ (line 15503)
* file, opening: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
-* file, reading: \read. (line 15399)
+ (line 15503)
+* file, reading: \read. (line 15567)
* file, root: Splitting the input.
- (line 13949)
-* filecontents environment: filecontents. (line 4036)
-* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 4036)
+ (line 14095)
+* filecontents environment: filecontents. (line 4049)
+* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 4049)
* filename for current job: Command line options.
- (line 15855)
+ (line 16023)
* final option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
+ (line 774)
* first-latex-doc document: About this document.
- (line 385)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 1792)
-* flafter package: Floats. (line 2470)
+ (line 387)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 1794)
+* flafter package: Floats. (line 2483)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* float package: Floats. (line 2440)
-* float page: Floats. (line 2446)
+ (line 774)
+* float package: Floats. (line 2453)
+* float page: Floats. (line 2459)
* flush left equations: Document class options.
- (line 780)
+ (line 782)
* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6699)
-* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 4101)
-* flushright environment: flushright. (line 4163)
+ (line 6712)
+* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 4114)
+* flushright environment: flushright. (line 4176)
* font catalogue: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1901)
+ (line 1914)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1886)
-* font dimension, slant: \/. (line 11581)
-* font encoding: fontenc package. (line 1297)
+ (line 1899)
+* font dimension, slant: \/. (line 11726)
+* font encoding: fontenc package. (line 1299)
* font encoding <1>: \DeclareTextAccent.
- (line 1418)
+ (line 1420)
* font encoding, declaring: \DeclareFontEncoding.
- (line 1384)
+ (line 1386)
* font size: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1981)
-* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 1840)
-* font styles: Font styles. (line 1701)
+ (line 1994)
+* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 1842)
+* font styles: Font styles. (line 1703)
* font symbols, by number: Symbols by font position.
- (line 13411)
-* fontenc: fontenc package. (line 1297)
-* fonts: Fonts. (line 1259)
-* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 7728)
-* fonts, script: Calligraphic. (line 9947)
-* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11025)
+ (line 13557)
+* fontenc: fontenc package. (line 1299)
+* fonts: Fonts. (line 1261)
+* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 7776)
+* fonts, script: Calligraphic. (line 10002)
+* fontspec package: fontenc package. (line 1310)
+* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11158)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2171)
-* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3381)
-* footnote parameters: \footnote. (line 6892)
+ (line 2184)
+* footnote counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3394)
+* footnote parameters: \footnote. (line 6905)
* footnote, in a table: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 7021)
+ (line 7034)
* footnote, in section headings: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 7002)
+ (line 7015)
* footnote, of a footnote: Footnotes of footnotes.
- (line 7091)
-* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 4781)
-* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6845)
-* footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 6920)
-* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 6882)
-* force option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4061)
-* format files, TeX: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 3958)
-* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 8802)
-* forward reference: Cross references. (line 3280)
-* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 486)
-* fraction: \frac. (line 10772)
-* fragile commands: \protect. (line 7760)
-* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12062)
-* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12062)
-* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12067)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13450)
+ (line 7104)
+* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 4794)
+* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6858)
+* footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 6933)
+* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 6895)
+* force option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4074)
+* format files, TeX: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 3971)
+* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* forward reference: Cross references. (line 3293)
+* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 488)
+* fraction: \frac. (line 10901)
+* fragile commands: \protect. (line 7808)
+* frame rule width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12207)
+* frame, line width: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12207)
+* frame, separation from contents: \fbox & \framebox. (line 12212)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13596)
* front matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
- (line 3019)
-* functions, math: Math functions. (line 10305)
+ (line 3032)
+* functions, math: Math functions. (line 10360)
* geometry package: Document class options.
- (line 763)
+ (line 765)
* geometry package <1>: Document class options.
- (line 767)
+ (line 769)
* global options: Document class options.
- (line 729)
+ (line 731)
* global options <1>: Additional packages.
- (line 837)
-* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 14892)
-* glossary: Glossaries. (line 14892)
-* glossary, entries: \newglossaryentry. (line 14940)
-* glossary, entry reference: \gls. (line 14999)
-* glue plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8167)
-* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7432)
-* graphics: Graphics. (line 12571)
+ (line 839)
+* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 15060)
+* glossary: Glossaries. (line 15060)
+* glossary, entries: \newglossaryentry. (line 15108)
+* glossary, entry reference: \gls. (line 15167)
+* glue plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8218)
+* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7478)
+* graphics: Graphics. (line 12717)
* graphics <1>: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12672)
-* graphics <2>: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* graphics package: Graphics. (line 12571)
+ (line 12818)
+* graphics <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* graphics package: Graphics. (line 12717)
* graphics package <1>: Graphics package configuration.
- (line 12672)
-* graphics package <2>: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
+ (line 12818)
+* graphics package <2>: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
* graphics package commands: Commands for graphics.
- (line 12862)
+ (line 13008)
* graphics package options: Graphics package options.
- (line 12608)
-* graphics packages: \line. (line 5100)
-* graphics, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* graphics, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13288)
-* graphics, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* graphics, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13288)
-* graphpap package: \graphpaper. (line 5051)
-* grave accent: Accents. (line 13673)
-* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 10444)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13563)
-* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 8956)
-* Greek letters: Greek letters. (line 10262)
+ (line 12754)
+* graphics packages: \line. (line 5113)
+* graphics, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* graphics, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
+* graphics, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* graphics, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
+* graphpap package: \graphpaper. (line 5064)
+* grave accent: Accents. (line 13819)
+* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 10499)
+* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13709)
+* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 9011)
+* Greek letters: Greek letters. (line 10317)
* grfext package: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
- (line 12780)
-* group, and environments: Environments. (line 3477)
-* group_skip: makeindex. (line 14768)
-* hacek accent: Accents. (line 13720)
-* Halmos symbol: \rule. (line 13886)
-* hard space: ~. (line 11459)
-* hat accent: Accents. (line 13669)
-* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10447)
-* header style: \pagestyle. (line 11025)
+ (line 12926)
+* group, and environments: Environments. (line 3490)
+* group_skip: makeindex. (line 14936)
+* hacek accent: Accents. (line 13866)
+* Halmos symbol: \rule. (line 14032)
+* hard space: ~. (line 11603)
+* hat accent: Accents. (line 13815)
+* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10502)
+* header style: \pagestyle. (line 11158)
* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2171)
+ (line 2184)
* hello, world: Starting and ending.
- (line 427)
-* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 2440)
+ (line 429)
+* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 2453)
* home page for manual: About this document.
- (line 355)
-* horizontal bar character: Text symbols. (line 13566)
+ (line 357)
+* horizontal bar character: Text symbols. (line 13712)
* horizontal paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 8720)
-* horizontal space: \hss. (line 11255)
-* horizontal space, stretchable: \hss. (line 11255)
+ (line 8800)
+* horizontal space: \hss. (line 11385)
+* horizontal space, stretchable: \hss. (line 11385)
* horizontal spacing: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
-* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 13698)
-* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 6972)
-* hyperref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6981)
-* hyperref package <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11006)
-* hyperref package <3>: Command line input.
- (line 15910)
-* hyphen character, non-breaking: Text symbols. (line 13577)
-* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6619)
-* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6555)
-* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 6520)
-* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox & \makebox. (line 11938)
-* háÄek accent, math: Math accents. (line 10435)
+ (line 10706)
+* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 13844)
+* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 6985)
+* hyperref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6994)
+* hyperref package <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11139)
+* hyperref package <3>: \contentsline. (line 14651)
+* hyperref package <4>: Command line input.
+ (line 16078)
+* hyphen character, non-breaking: Text symbols. (line 13723)
+* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6632)
+* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6568)
+* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 6533)
+* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12084)
+* háÄek accent, math: Math accents. (line 10490)
* Icelandic eth: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13783)
+ (line 13929)
* Icelandic thorn: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13819)
-* idx file: \index. (line 14702)
+ (line 13965)
+* idx file: \index. (line 14870)
* ij letter, Dutch: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13795)
-* immediate \write: \write. (line 15562)
-* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* importing graphics: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* in: Units of length. (line 8275)
-* inch: Units of length. (line 8275)
-* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
+ (line 13941)
+* immediate \write: \write. (line 15730)
+* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* importing graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* in: Units of length. (line 8326)
+* inch: Units of length. (line 8326)
+* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
* indent, forcing: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8671)
-* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 4777)
-* indentfirst package: \part. (line 2674)
-* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 2736)
-* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 2831)
-* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 2897)
+ (line 8751)
+* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 4790)
+* indentfirst package: \part. (line 2687)
+* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 2749)
+* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 2844)
+* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 2910)
* indentfirst package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2974)
+ (line 2987)
* indentfirst package <5>: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8713)
-* indent_length: makeindex. (line 14849)
-* indent_space: makeindex. (line 14845)
-* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': \index. (line 14652)
-* index entry: \index. (line 14602)
-* index package: \index. (line 14697)
-* index, multiple: Indexes. (line 14592)
-* index, page range: \index. (line 14636)
-* index, printing: \printindex. (line 14877)
-* index, processing: makeindex. (line 14717)
-* index, style file: makeindex. (line 14729)
-* indexes: Indexes. (line 14566)
-* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 11222)
-* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 11853)
-* inline formulas: math. (line 4668)
-* inner paragraph mode: Modes. (line 10851)
+ (line 8793)
+* indent_length: makeindex. (line 15017)
+* indent_space: makeindex. (line 15013)
+* index entries, subentries: \index. (line 14788)
+* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': \index. (line 14820)
+* index entry: \index. (line 14770)
+* index package: \index. (line 14865)
+* index, multiple: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* index, page range: \index. (line 14804)
+* index, printing: \printindex. (line 15045)
+* index, processing: makeindex. (line 14885)
+* index, style file: makeindex. (line 14897)
+* indexes: Indexes. (line 14715)
+* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 11352)
+* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 11998)
+* inline formulas: math. (line 4681)
+* inner paragraph mode: Modes. (line 10984)
* input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 13945)
+ (line 14091)
* input, on command line: Command line input.
- (line 15902)
-* input/output: Input/output. (line 15326)
-* input/output, to terminal: Input/output. (line 15326)
-* inputenc: inputenc package. (line 13826)
-* inserting figures: figure. (line 3978)
+ (line 16070)
+* input/output: Input/output. (line 15494)
+* input/output, to terminal: Input/output. (line 15494)
+* inputenc: inputenc package. (line 13972)
+* inserting figures: figure. (line 3991)
* insertions of special characters: Special insertions.
- (line 13317)
+ (line 13463)
* interface, command line: Command line interface.
- (line 15774)
+ (line 15942)
* interline space: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* internal vertical mode: Modes. (line 10842)
+ (line 2317)
+* internal vertical mode: Modes. (line 10974)
* invisible character: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
-* invisible character <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10708)
-* italic correction: \/. (line 11547)
-* italic font: Font styles. (line 1777)
-* itemize environment: itemize. (line 4210)
-* item_0: makeindex. (line 14792)
-* item_01: makeindex. (line 14801)
-* item_1: makeindex. (line 14795)
-* item_12: makeindex. (line 14811)
-* item_2: makeindex. (line 14798)
-* item_x1: makeindex. (line 14805)
-* item_x2: makeindex. (line 14815)
+ (line 10706)
+* invisible character <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* italic correction: \/. (line 11692)
+* italic font: Font styles. (line 1779)
+* itemize environment: itemize. (line 4223)
+* item_0: makeindex. (line 14960)
+* item_01: makeindex. (line 14969)
+* item_1: makeindex. (line 14963)
+* item_12: makeindex. (line 14979)
+* item_2: makeindex. (line 14966)
+* item_x1: makeindex. (line 14973)
+* item_x2: makeindex. (line 14983)
* jobname: Command line options.
- (line 15855)
-* jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 15956)
-* JPEG files: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* JPG files: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 4183)
-* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 4130)
-* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 397)
-* label: Cross references. (line 3259)
-* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 3697)
-* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 419)
-* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 397)
+ (line 16023)
+* jobname <1>: Jobname. (line 16134)
+* JPEG files: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* JPG files: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 4196)
+* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 4143)
+* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 399)
+* label: Cross references. (line 3272)
+* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 3710)
+* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 421)
+* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 399)
* landscape option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
+ (line 774)
* landscape orientation: Document class options.
- (line 783)
-* latex: TeX engines. (line 513)
-* latex command: Output files. (line 463)
-* LaTeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 13441)
-* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 397)
+ (line 785)
+* latex: TeX engines. (line 515)
+* latex command: Output files. (line 465)
+* LaTeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 13587)
+* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 399)
* LaTeX Project team: About this document.
- (line 369)
+ (line 371)
* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document.
- (line 365)
-* latex-dev: TeX engines. (line 563)
+ (line 367)
+* latex-dev: TeX engines. (line 565)
* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document.
- (line 382)
-* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 13444)
+ (line 384)
+* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 13590)
* LaTeX3 syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 622)
+ (line 624)
* <latexrefman at tug.org> email address: About this document.
- (line 369)
-* latexsym package: Arrows. (line 9840)
+ (line 371)
+* latexsym package: Arrows. (line 9895)
* Latin letters, additional: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
-* layout commands: Layout. (line 2015)
+ (line 13915)
+* layout commands: Layout. (line 2028)
* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2171)
-* leaders, dots in table of contents: \@dottedtocline. (line 14323)
+ (line 2184)
+* leaders, dots in table of contents: \@dottedtocline. (line 14469)
* leading: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 13574)
-* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 13506)
-* left quote: Text symbols. (line 13460)
-* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 13593)
-* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 13599)
+ (line 2317)
+* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 13720)
+* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 13652)
+* left quote: Text symbols. (line 13606)
+* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 13739)
+* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 13745)
* left-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
- (line 786)
-* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 4130)
-* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 4101)
-* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 10820)
+ (line 788)
+* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 4143)
+* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 4114)
+* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 10951)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
-* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 8342)
-* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 7432)
-* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 8164)
-* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 8314)
+ (line 744)
+* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 8395)
+* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 7478)
+* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 8215)
+* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 8365)
* leqno option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13571)
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-* lethead_prefix: makeindex. (line 14784)
-* lethead_suffix: makeindex. (line 14788)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 699)
-* letter environment: letter. (line 4298)
+ (line 774)
+* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13717)
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+* lethead_prefix: makeindex. (line 14952)
+* lethead_suffix: makeindex. (line 14956)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 701)
+* letter environment: letter. (line 4311)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 742)
-* letters, accented: Accents. (line 13635)
+ (line 744)
+* letters, accented: Accents. (line 13781)
* letters, additional Latin: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
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-* letters, starting: \opening. (line 15255)
-* letters, writing: Letters. (line 15029)
-* line break, forcing: \\. (line 6394)
-* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 6377)
-* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6578)
+ (line 13915)
+* letters, ending: \closing. (line 15318)
+* letters, starting: \opening. (line 15423)
+* letters, writing: Letters. (line 15197)
+* line break, forcing: \\. (line 6407)
+* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 6390)
+* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6591)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6637)
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+ (line 6650)
+* line breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 10885)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 6637)
-* lines in tables: tabular. (line 5615)
-* line_max: makeindex. (line 14841)
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-* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 5615)
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-* lists of items: itemize. (line 4210)
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-* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 3835)
-* lmodern package: fontenc package. (line 1327)
+ (line 6650)
+* lines in tables: tabular. (line 5628)
+* line_max: makeindex. (line 15009)
+* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 1830)
+* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 5628)
+* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 5421)
+* list environment: list. (line 4316)
+* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8067)
+* list of figures file: Output files. (line 498)
+* list of tables file: Output files. (line 498)
+* listings package: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* listings package <1>: verbatim. (line 6289)
+* listings package <2>: \verb. (line 6339)
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* loading additional packages: Additional packages.
- (line 828)
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-* log file: Output files. (line 481)
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-* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13441)
-* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 13444)
-* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 13482)
+ (line 830)
+* locale information, from system: \write18. (line 15925)
+* log file: Output files. (line 483)
+* log file, writing to: \write. (line 15700)
+* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 13587)
+* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 13590)
+* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 13628)
* long command: Class and package commands.
- (line 931)
-* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 13472)
+ (line 933)
+* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 13618)
* low-level font commands: Low-level font commands.
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* lowercase: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13357)
-* LR box: picture. (line 4925)
-* LR mode: Modes. (line 10820)
-* lrbox: lrbox. (line 12273)
+ (line 13503)
+* LR box: picture. (line 4938)
+* LR mode: Modes. (line 10951)
+* lrbox: lrbox. (line 12419)
* lshort document: About this document.
- (line 388)
-* lualatex: TeX engines. (line 531)
-* lualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 564)
-* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 532)
-* LuaTeX, 256 output streams in: \write. (line 15544)
-* m-width: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* macron accent: Accents. (line 13665)
-* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 10429)
+ (line 390)
+* lualatex: TeX engines. (line 533)
+* lualatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 566)
+* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 534)
+* LuaTeX, 256 output streams in: \write. (line 15712)
+* m-width: Units of length. (line 8347)
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+* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 10484)
* macros2e package: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7302)
-* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 3902)
-* mail merges: \read. (line 15424)
+ (line 7348)
+* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 3915)
+* mail merges: \read. (line 15592)
* main matter of a book: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
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-* math functions: Math functions. (line 10305)
-* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 10730)
-* math mode: Modes. (line 10830)
-* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 8802)
+ (line 3032)
+* make a box: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12084)
+* makeindex: makeindex. (line 14885)
+* makeindex program: makeindex. (line 14885)
+* makeindex, style file: makeindex. (line 14897)
+* making a title page: titlepage. (line 6220)
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+* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 8832)
+* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 13730)
+* matching brackets: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* matching parentheses: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* math accents: Math accents. (line 10476)
+* math environment: math. (line 4681)
+* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 8882)
+* math functions: Math functions. (line 10360)
+* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 10859)
+* math mode: Modes. (line 10961)
+* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 8882)
* math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10515)
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* math mode, spacing <1>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
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-* math, arrows: Arrows. (line 9840)
-* math, bold: Font styles. (line 1824)
-* mathtools package: Math formulas. (line 8882)
-* mathtools package <1>: Delimiters. (line 9999)
-* mathtools package <2>: \left & \right. (line 10038)
+ (line 10706)
+* math mode, spacing <2>: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* math mode, vertical space: \smash. (line 10645)
+* math styles: Math styles. (line 10791)
+* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 9011)
+* math, arrows: Arrows. (line 9895)
+* math, bold: Font styles. (line 1826)
+* mathtools package: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* mathtools package <1>: Delimiters. (line 10054)
+* mathtools package <2>: \left & \right. (line 10093)
* mathtools package <3>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10509)
-* mathtools package <4>: \smash. (line 10641)
+ (line 10564)
+* mathtools package <4>: \smash. (line 10700)
* mathtools package <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10687)
-* MetaPost package: \line. (line 5100)
+ (line 10748)
+* MetaPost package: \line. (line 5113)
* mfirstuc package: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13397)
+ (line 13543)
* mhchem package: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8949)
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-* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 4680)
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-* mm: Units of length. (line 8285)
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-* monospace font: Font styles. (line 1792)
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-* mu: Units of length. (line 8307)
-* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 8307)
-* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 2032)
-* multilingual support: Accents. (line 13635)
-* multind package: Indexes. (line 14592)
-* multiple indexes: Indexes. (line 14592)
-* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 10756)
-* name: \newglossaryentry. (line 14977)
-* name of document root: Jobname. (line 15956)
-* NBSP: ~. (line 11459)
+ (line 9004)
+* millimeter: Units of length. (line 8336)
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+* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 4693)
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+* minted package <1>: verbatim. (line 6289)
+* minted package <2>: \verb. (line 6339)
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+* mpfootnote counter <1>: Counters. (line 7993)
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+* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 8358)
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+* multilingual support: Accents. (line 13781)
+* multind package: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* multiple indexes: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 10885)
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- (line 14120)
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- (line 844)
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* new command, check: Class and package commands.
- (line 929)
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* new command, definition: Class and package commands.
- (line 1004)
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* new commands, defining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7112)
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- (line 6456)
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-* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 6496)
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-* newline, in \write: \write. (line 15597)
-* noheader option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4064)
-* non-breaking hyphen character: Text symbols. (line 13577)
+ (line 6469)
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+* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 6509)
+* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 6753)
+* newline, in \write: \write. (line 15765)
+* noheader option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4077)
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* non-English characters: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
+ (line 13915)
* nonstopmode: Command line options.
- (line 15839)
-* nosearch option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4067)
-* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 8752)
+ (line 16007)
+* nosearch option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4080)
+* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 8832)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* null delimiter: \left & \right. (line 10014)
-* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8019)
-* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 1828)
-* oblique font: Font styles. (line 1789)
+ (line 774)
+* null delimiter: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 8067)
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* oe ligature: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13811)
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-* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 1828)
-* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 2020)
+ (line 13957)
+* ogonek: Accents. (line 13848)
+* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 1830)
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* onecolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
+ (line 803)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
+ (line 803)
* open a file: \openin & \openout.
- (line 15335)
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* openany option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
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* openbib option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 13460)
+ (line 774)
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* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
-* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* operating system information: \write18. (line 15757)
+ (line 803)
+* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* operating system information: \write18. (line 15925)
* options, class: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
+ (line 976)
* options, color package: Color package options.
- (line 12330)
+ (line 12476)
* options, command line: Command line options.
- (line 15818)
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* options, document class: Document class options.
- (line 729)
+ (line 731)
* options, document class <1>: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
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* options, global: Additional packages.
- (line 837)
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* options, graphics package: Graphics package options.
- (line 12608)
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* options, package: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
+ (line 869)
* options, package <1>: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
-* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 13584)
+ (line 976)
+* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 13730)
* oslash: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13807)
-* OT1: fontenc package. (line 1297)
-* outer paragraph mode: Modes. (line 10851)
+ (line 13953)
+* OT1: fontenc package. (line 1299)
+* outer paragraph mode: Modes. (line 10984)
* output directory for all external files: Command line options.
- (line 15860)
-* overbar accent: Accents. (line 13665)
-* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 10441)
+ (line 16028)
+* overbar accent: Accents. (line 13811)
+* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 10496)
* overlining: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10470)
-* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 397)
-* overwrite option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4061)
+ (line 10525)
+* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 399)
+* overwrite option for filecontents: filecontents. (line 4074)
* package file layout: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
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* package options: Class and package structure.
- (line 867)
+ (line 869)
* package options <1>: Class and package commands.
- (line 974)
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-* package, algorithm2e: tabbing. (line 5548)
-* package, amscd: Arrows. (line 9875)
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-* package, amsmath <6>: \left & \right. (line 10038)
+ (line 976)
+* package, abstract: abstract. (line 3516)
+* package, adjustbox: Boxes. (line 12078)
+* package, algorithm2e: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* package, amscd: Arrows. (line 9930)
+* package, amsfonts: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* package, amsfonts <1>: Arrows. (line 9895)
+* package, amsmath: array. (line 3590)
+* package, amsmath <1>: array. (line 3601)
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+* package, amsmath <5>: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* package, amsmath <6>: \left & \right. (line 10093)
* package, amsmath <7>: \bigl & \bigr etc..
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- (line 10695)
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- (line 10745)
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+* package, amsmath <9>: Math functions. (line 10465)
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-* package, appendix: \appendix. (line 3009)
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-* package, babel <1>: thebibliography. (line 5987)
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+* package, amsmath <14>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
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+* package, amsthm <1>: \rule. (line 14037)
+* package, answers: \write. (line 15770)
+* package, appendix: \appendix. (line 3022)
+* package, array (package): array. (line 3612)
+* package, Asymptote: \line. (line 5113)
+* package, Asymptote <1>: \strut. (line 11918)
+* package, Asymptote <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12152)
+* package, Asymptote <3>: \write18. (line 15873)
+* package, babel: \chapter. (line 2762)
+* package, babel <1>: thebibliography. (line 6000)
+* package, babel <2>: Accents. (line 13781)
+* package, babel <3>: \today. (line 14067)
* package, babel <4>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14295)
-* package, babel <5>: \index. (line 14652)
-* package, beamer: beamer template. (line 16066)
+ (line 14441)
+* package, babel <5>: \index. (line 14820)
+* package, beamer: beamer template. (line 16244)
* package, bigfoot: Footnotes of footnotes.
- (line 7091)
+ (line 7104)
* package, bm: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9907)
-* package, cleveref: Cross references. (line 3291)
-* package, cleveref <1>: \ref. (line 3404)
-* package, cleveref <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6972)
-* package, cm-super: fontenc package. (line 1327)
-* package, comprehensive: Math symbols. (line 8956)
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-* package, cprotect <1>: \verb. (line 6329)
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-* package, enumitem: itemize. (line 4270)
-* package, enumitem <1>: list. (line 4568)
-* package, envlab: \makelabels. (line 15237)
+ (line 9962)
+* package, cleveref: Cross references. (line 3304)
+* package, cleveref <1>: \ref. (line 3417)
+* package, cleveref <2>: \footnotemark. (line 6985)
+* package, cm-super: fontenc package. (line 1329)
+* package, comprehensive: Math symbols. (line 9011)
+* package, cprotect: verbatim. (line 6279)
+* package, cprotect <1>: \verb. (line 6342)
+* package, datatool: \read. (line 15592)
+* package, datetime: \today. (line 14081)
+* package, dcolumn: array. (line 3612)
+* package, enumitem: itemize. (line 4283)
+* package, enumitem <1>: list. (line 4581)
+* package, envlab: \makelabels. (line 15405)
* package, etoolbox: Class and package commands.
- (line 1018)
-* package, eurosym: Text symbols. (line 13545)
-* package, eurosym <1>: Text symbols. (line 13546)
+ (line 1020)
+* package, eurosym: Text symbols. (line 13691)
+* package, eurosym <1>: Text symbols. (line 13692)
* package, expl3: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 622)
+ (line 624)
* package, expl3 <1>: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13400)
-* package, fancyhdr: Page styles. (line 10890)
-* package, fancyhdr <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11032)
-* package, fancyvrb: tabbing. (line 5548)
-* package, fancyvrb <1>: verbatim. (line 6282)
-* package, flafter: Floats. (line 2470)
-* package, float: Floats. (line 2440)
+ (line 13546)
+* package, fancyhdr: Page styles. (line 11023)
+* package, fancyhdr <1>: \pagestyle. (line 11165)
+* package, fancyvrb: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* package, fancyvrb <1>: verbatim. (line 6295)
+* package, flafter: Floats. (line 2483)
+* package, float: Floats. (line 2453)
+* package, fontspec: fontenc package. (line 1310)
* package, geometry: Document class options.
- (line 763)
+ (line 765)
* package, geometry <1>: Document class options.
- (line 767)
-* package, graphpap: \graphpaper. (line 5051)
+ (line 769)
+* package, graphpap: \graphpaper. (line 5064)
* package, grfext: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
- (line 12780)
-* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 6972)
-* package, hyperref <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6981)
-* package, hyperref <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11006)
-* package, hyperref <3>: Command line input.
- (line 15910)
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-* package, indentfirst <1>: \chapter. (line 2736)
-* package, indentfirst <2>: \section. (line 2831)
-* package, indentfirst <3>: \subsection. (line 2897)
+ (line 12926)
+* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 6985)
+* package, hyperref <1>: \footnotemark. (line 6994)
+* package, hyperref <2>: \pagenumbering. (line 11139)
+* package, hyperref <3>: \contentsline. (line 14651)
+* package, hyperref <4>: Command line input.
+ (line 16078)
+* package, indentfirst: \part. (line 2687)
+* package, indentfirst <1>: \chapter. (line 2749)
+* package, indentfirst <2>: \section. (line 2844)
+* package, indentfirst <3>: \subsection. (line 2910)
* package, indentfirst <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2974)
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* package, indentfirst <5>: \indent & \noindent.
- (line 8713)
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-* package, latexsym: Arrows. (line 9840)
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-* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 6276)
-* package, listings <2>: \verb. (line 6326)
-* package, lmodern: fontenc package. (line 1327)
+ (line 8793)
+* package, index: \index. (line 14865)
+* package, latexsym: Arrows. (line 9895)
+* package, listings: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 6289)
+* package, listings <2>: \verb. (line 6339)
+* package, lmodern: fontenc package. (line 1329)
* package, macros2e: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
- (line 7302)
-* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 8882)
-* package, mathtools <1>: Delimiters. (line 9999)
-* package, mathtools <2>: \left & \right. (line 10038)
+ (line 7348)
+* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 8937)
+* package, mathtools <1>: Delimiters. (line 10054)
+* package, mathtools <2>: \left & \right. (line 10093)
* package, mathtools <3>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10509)
-* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 10641)
+ (line 10564)
+* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 10700)
* package, mathtools <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10687)
-* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 5100)
+ (line 10748)
+* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 5113)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13397)
+ (line 13543)
* package, mhchem: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8949)
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-* package, minted <1>: verbatim. (line 6276)
-* package, minted <2>: \verb. (line 6326)
-* package, multind: Indexes. (line 14592)
-* package, pict2e: \line. (line 5100)
-* package, polyglossia: Accents. (line 13635)
-* package, polyglossia <1>: \today. (line 13921)
+ (line 9004)
+* package, minted: tabbing. (line 5561)
+* package, minted <1>: verbatim. (line 6289)
+* package, minted <2>: \verb. (line 6339)
+* package, multind: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* package, pict2e: \line. (line 5113)
+* package, polyglossia: Accents. (line 13781)
+* package, polyglossia <1>: \today. (line 14067)
* package, polyglossia <2>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14296)
-* package, polyglossia <3>: \index. (line 14652)
-* package, PSTricks: \line. (line 5100)
+ (line 14442)
+* package, polyglossia <3>: \index. (line 14820)
+* package, PSTricks: \line. (line 5113)
* package, setspace: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2377)
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-* package, siunitx <1>: ~. (line 11490)
-* package, suffix: \@ifstar. (line 7376)
-* package, texosquery: \write18. (line 15757)
+ (line 2390)
+* package, shellesc: \write18. (line 15931)
+* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* package, siunitx: minipage. (line 4824)
+* package, siunitx <1>: ~. (line 11634)
+* package, suffix: \@ifstar. (line 7422)
+* package, texosquery: \write18. (line 15925)
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13394)
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-* package, TikZ <1>: \strut. (line 11773)
-* package, TikZ <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12005)
-* package, tikz-cd: Arrows. (line 9875)
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-* package, titlesec <2>: \chapter. (line 2757)
-* package, titlesec <3>: \section. (line 2835)
-* package, titlesec <4>: \subsection. (line 2901)
+ (line 13540)
+* package, TikZ: \line. (line 5113)
+* package, TikZ <1>: \strut. (line 11918)
+* package, TikZ <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12151)
+* package, tikz-cd: Arrows. (line 9930)
+* package, titlesec: Sectioning. (line 2611)
+* package, titlesec <1>: \part. (line 2691)
+* package, titlesec <2>: \chapter. (line 2770)
+* package, titlesec <3>: \section. (line 2848)
+* package, titlesec <4>: \subsection. (line 2914)
* package, titlesec <5>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2978)
+ (line 2991)
* package, tocbibbind: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14282)
+ (line 14428)
* package, tocloft: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14282)
+ (line 14428)
+* package, tocloft <1>: \contentsline. (line 14648)
* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10479)
-* package, unicode-math: Greek letters. (line 10293)
-* package, url: \verb. (line 6323)
-* package, verbatimbox: verbatim. (line 6282)
+ (line 10534)
+* package, unicode-math: Greek letters. (line 10348)
+* package, url: \verb. (line 6336)
+* package, verbatimbox: verbatim. (line 6295)
* package, xparse: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 622)
-* package, xparse <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7376)
-* package, xstring: Jobname. (line 16003)
+ (line 624)
+* package, xparse <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7422)
+* package, xstring: Jobname. (line 16181)
* packages, loading additional: Additional packages.
- (line 828)
+ (line 830)
* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6798)
+ (line 6811)
* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 6798)
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+ (line 6811)
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* page layout parameters: Page layout parameters.
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-* page_precedence: makeindex. (line 14854)
-* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 10014)
-* paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 2184)
+* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 3370)
+* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 11100)
+* page style, this page: \thispagestyle. (line 11242)
+* page styles: Page styles. (line 11017)
+* page, colored: Colored pages. (line 12696)
+* page_precedence: makeindex. (line 15022)
+* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 10069)
+* paragraph: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
+ (line 2932)
+* paragraph counter: Counters. (line 7993)
* paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 8720)
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-* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation & quote. (line 5378)
+ (line 8800)
+* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 4790)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation & quote. (line 5391)
* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quotation & quote.
- (line 5378)
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-* paragraph, ending: \par. (line 8618)
-* paragraph, in a box: \parbox. (line 12096)
-* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 8574)
-* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 6892)
+ (line 5391)
+* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 10945)
+* paragraph mode <1>: \parbox. (line 12242)
+* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 13610)
+* paragraph, ending: \par. (line 8697)
+* paragraph, in a box: \parbox. (line 12242)
+* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 8636)
+* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 6905)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2171)
+ (line 2184)
* parent directories, cannot write to: \write and security.
- (line 15626)
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-* part: Sectioning. (line 2544)
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-* pc: Units of length. (line 8272)
-* PDF graphic files: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* pdflatex: TeX engines. (line 514)
-* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 473)
-* pdflatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 565)
-* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 473)
-* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 515)
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-* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 13587)
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-* pict2e package <1>: \line. (line 5100)
-* picture environment: picture. (line 4838)
-* pictures, creating: picture. (line 4838)
-* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 13464)
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-* platex-dev: TeX engines. (line 566)
-* plural: \newglossaryentry. (line 14985)
-* PNG files: \includegraphics. (line 12868)
-* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 6341)
-* point: Units of length. (line 8268)
+ (line 15794)
+* parentheses: Delimiters. (line 10019)
+* part: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* part <1>: \part. (line 2643)
+* part counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* pattern, current tab stops, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5466)
+* pc: Units of length. (line 8323)
+* PDF graphic files: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* pdflatex: TeX engines. (line 516)
+* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 475)
+* pdflatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 567)
+* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 475)
+* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 517)
+* period, abbreviation-ending: \@. (line 11472)
+* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 13733)
+* period, sentence-ending: \@. (line 11472)
+* period, spacing after: \@. (line 11472)
+* pica: Units of length. (line 8323)
+* pict2e package: \line. (line 5113)
+* pict2e package <1>: \line. (line 5113)
+* picture environment: picture. (line 4851)
+* pictures, creating: picture. (line 4851)
+* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 13610)
+* placement of floats: Floats. (line 2432)
+* platex: TeX engines. (line 555)
+* platex-dev: TeX engines. (line 568)
+* plural: \newglossaryentry. (line 15153)
+* PNG files: \includegraphics. (line 13014)
+* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 6354)
+* point: Units of length. (line 8319)
* polish l: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13799)
-* polyglossia package: Accents. (line 13635)
-* polyglossia package <1>: \today. (line 13921)
+ (line 13945)
+* polyglossia package: Accents. (line 13781)
+* polyglossia package <1>: \today. (line 14067)
* polyglossia package <2>: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14296)
-* polyglossia package <3>: \index. (line 14652)
+ (line 14442)
+* polyglossia package <3>: \index. (line 14820)
* portrait orientation: Document class options.
- (line 783)
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+ (line 785)
+* position, in picture: picture. (line 4909)
* positional parameter: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7160)
-* postamble: makeindex. (line 14765)
-* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 15267)
-* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 13468)
-* preamble: makeindex. (line 14761)
+ (line 7173)
+* postamble: makeindex. (line 14933)
+* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 15435)
+* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 13614)
+* preamble: makeindex. (line 14929)
* preamble, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 443)
-* prerelease testing: TeX engines. (line 569)
+ (line 445)
+* prerelease testing: TeX engines. (line 571)
* prompt, *: Recovering from errors.
- (line 16038)
-* pronunciation: Overview. (line 419)
-* PSTricks package: \line. (line 5100)
-* pt: Units of length. (line 8268)
+ (line 16216)
+* pronunciation: Overview. (line 421)
+* PSTricks package: \line. (line 5113)
+* pt: Units of length. (line 8319)
* quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10574)
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-* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 5378)
-* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 13605)
-* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 13609)
+ (line 10633)
+* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 13736)
+* quotation environment: quotation & quote. (line 5391)
+* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 5391)
+* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 13751)
+* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 13755)
* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation & quote.
- (line 5378)
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* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation & quote.
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-* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 4101)
-* read a file: \read. (line 15399)
+ (line 5391)
+* radical: \sqrt. (line 10913)
+* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 4196)
+* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 4176)
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* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 7482)
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-* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 486)
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-* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 10800)
-* release candidates: TeX engines. (line 569)
-* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 8752)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 699)
+ (line 7530)
+* reference, forward: Cross references. (line 3293)
+* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 488)
+* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 13758)
+* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 10929)
+* release candidates: TeX engines. (line 571)
+* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 8832)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 701)
* reporting bugs: About this document.
- (line 373)
+ (line 375)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 13323)
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-* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 13509)
-* right quote: Text symbols. (line 13475)
-* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 13596)
-* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 13602)
+ (line 13469)
+* resizing: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
+* restricted shell access: \write18. (line 15913)
+* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 13761)
+* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 13655)
+* right quote: Text symbols. (line 13621)
+* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 13742)
+* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 13748)
* right-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
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-* ring accent: Accents. (line 13706)
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-* robust commands: \protect. (line 7760)
-* roman font: Font styles. (line 1780)
+ (line 788)
+* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 4196)
+* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 4176)
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+* ring accent: Accents. (line 13852)
+* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 10505)
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-* rubber lengths: Lengths. (line 8167)
-* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 7432)
+ (line 14095)
+* roots: \sqrt. (line 10913)
+* rotating graphics: \rotatebox. (line 13335)
+* rotating text: \rotatebox. (line 13335)
+* rotation: \rotatebox. (line 13335)
+* row, tabbing: tabbing. (line 5461)
+* rubber lengths: Lengths. (line 8218)
+* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 7478)
* running header and footer: Page layout parameters.
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-* scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13288)
-* script fonts: Calligraphic. (line 9947)
-* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 1774)
+ (line 2184)
+* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 11158)
+* samepage environment: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+ (line 6849)
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+* scaling: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
+* script fonts: Calligraphic. (line 10002)
+* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 1776)
+* script style: Math styles. (line 10808)
+* scriptscript style: Math styles. (line 10811)
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-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2608)
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-* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* sectioning, part: \part. (line 2630)
+ (line 16007)
+* secnumdepth: Sectioning. (line 2620)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2621)
+* section: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* section <1>: \section. (line 2790)
+* section counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 3394)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 2621)
+* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 13625)
+* section, redefining: \@startsection. (line 3068)
+* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* sectioning, part: \part. (line 2643)
* security and \write: \write and security.
- (line 15610)
-* see and see also index entries: \index. (line 14652)
-* self-contained sources: filecontents. (line 4072)
+ (line 15778)
+* see and see also index entries: \index. (line 14820)
+* self-contained sources: filecontents. (line 4085)
* series, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1928)
+ (line 1941)
* setspace package: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2377)
-* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 8078)
-* sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15752)
+ (line 2390)
+* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 8126)
+* sh, used by \write18: \write18. (line 15920)
* shapes, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1968)
+ (line 1981)
* sharp S letters: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13815)
-* shell access: \write18. (line 15698)
+ (line 13961)
+* shell access: \write18. (line 15866)
* shell escape: Command line options.
- (line 15873)
-* SHELL, environment variables: \write18. (line 15752)
-* shellesc package: \write18. (line 15763)
-* showidx package: Indexes. (line 14592)
-* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 6246)
-* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13450)
-* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 13599)
-* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 13472)
-* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 13605)
-* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 13602)
-* siunitx package: minipage. (line 4811)
-* siunitx package <1>: ~. (line 11490)
-* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 1840)
-* skip plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8167)
-* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7432)
-* slanted font: Font styles. (line 1789)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 699)
-* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6591)
-* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6591)
-* small caps font: Font styles. (line 1783)
-* sort: \newglossaryentry. (line 14989)
-* source files, making self-contained: filecontents. (line 4072)
-* sp: Units of length. (line 8294)
+ (line 16041)
+* SHELL, environment variables: \write18. (line 15920)
+* shellesc package: \write18. (line 15931)
+* showidx package: Indexes. (line 14760)
+* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 6259)
+* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 13596)
+* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 13745)
+* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 13618)
+* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 13751)
+* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 13748)
+* siunitx package: minipage. (line 4824)
+* siunitx package <1>: ~. (line 11634)
+* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 1842)
+* skip plain TeX: Lengths. (line 8218)
+* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 7478)
+* slanted font: Font styles. (line 1791)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 701)
+* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6604)
+* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6604)
+* small caps font: Font styles. (line 1785)
+* sort: \newglossaryentry. (line 15157)
+* source files, making self-contained: filecontents. (line 4085)
+* sp: Units of length. (line 8345)
* space between lines: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch.
- (line 2304)
-* space, inserting horizontal: \hss. (line 11255)
-* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 11882)
+ (line 2317)
+* space, inserting horizontal: \hss. (line 11385)
+* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 12027)
* space, negative thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
+ (line 11663)
* space, thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
-* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 11459)
-* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 11802)
-* spaces: Spaces. (line 11137)
+ (line 11663)
+* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 11603)
+* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 11947)
+* spaces: Spaces. (line 11270)
* spaces, ignore around commands: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
- (line 7812)
-* spaces, ignore around commands <1>: xspace package. (line 7886)
+ (line 7860)
+* spaces, ignore around commands <1>: xspace package. (line 7934)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10515)
-* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing. (line 11388)
-* spacing, inter-sentence <1>: \normalsfcodes. (line 11408)
+ (line 10570)
+* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 11518)
+* spacing, inter-sentence <1>: \normalsfcodes. (line 11539)
* spacing, math mode: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
-* spacing, math mode <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10708)
-* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 13584)
+ (line 10706)
+* spacing, math mode <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 13730)
* special characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 13323)
+ (line 13469)
* special characters <1>: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13769)
+ (line 13915)
* special insertions: Special insertions.
- (line 13317)
-* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 2419)
+ (line 13463)
+* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 2432)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 13945)
-* square root: \sqrt. (line 10784)
-* stack math: \stackrel. (line 10800)
-* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 7316)
+ (line 14091)
+* square root: \sqrt. (line 10913)
+* stack math: \stackrel. (line 10929)
+* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 7362)
* starred form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 7133)
-* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 6740)
+ (line 7146)
+* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 6753)
* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6699)
+ (line 6712)
* starting and ending: Starting and ending.
- (line 427)
+ (line 429)
* starting on a right-hand page: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage.
- (line 6699)
-* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 13468)
-* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 13609)
-* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 13609)
-* straight single quote: Text symbols. (line 13605)
-* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 11222)
-* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 11853)
-* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 2160)
-* strut: \strut. (line 11717)
-* styles of text: Font styles. (line 1701)
-* styles, page: Page styles. (line 10884)
-* subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 6712)
+* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 13614)
+* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 13755)
+* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 13755)
+* straight single quote: Text symbols. (line 13751)
+* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 11352)
+* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 11998)
+* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 2173)
+* strut: \strut. (line 11862)
+* styles of text: Font styles. (line 1703)
+* styles, page: Page styles. (line 11017)
+* subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
+ (line 2932)
+* subparagraph counter: Counters. (line 7993)
* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8893)
-* subsection: Sectioning. (line 2544)
-* subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2855)
-* subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2544)
+ (line 8948)
+* subsection: Sectioning. (line 2557)
+* subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 2868)
+* subsection counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 2557)
* subsubsection <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2919)
-* suffix package: \@ifstar. (line 7376)
+ (line 2932)
+* subsubsection counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* suffix package: \@ifstar. (line 7422)
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 8893)
-* symbol: \newglossaryentry. (line 14993)
+ (line 8948)
+* symbol: \newglossaryentry. (line 15161)
* symbol, defining: \DeclareTextSymbol.
- (line 1593)
-* symbols, arrows: Arrows. (line 9840)
+ (line 1595)
+* symbols, arrows: Arrows. (line 9895)
* symbols, boldface: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
- (line 9881)
-* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 8956)
-* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 13423)
-* system commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 15698)
-* system information: \write18. (line 15757)
-* T1: fontenc package. (line 1297)
-* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 5408)
-* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 5408)
-* table environment: table. (line 5557)
-* table of contents: \contentsline. (line 14472)
+ (line 9936)
+* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 9011)
+* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 13569)
+* system commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 15866)
+* system information: \write18. (line 15925)
+* T1: fontenc package. (line 1299)
+* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 5421)
+* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 5421)
+* table counter: Counters. (line 7993)
+* table environment: table. (line 5570)
+* table of contents: \contentsline. (line 14620)
* table of contents entry, create dotted line: \@dottedtocline.
- (line 14302)
+ (line 14448)
* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline.
- (line 14338)
-* table of contents file: Output files. (line 496)
+ (line 14483)
+* table of contents file: Output files. (line 498)
* table of contents, avoiding footnotes: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 7002)
+ (line 7015)
* table of contents, creating: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14177)
+ (line 14323)
* table of contents, sectioning numbers printed: Sectioning.
- (line 2619)
-* tables, creating: table. (line 5557)
-* tabular environment: tabular. (line 5615)
-* template (simple), article: article template. (line 16096)
-* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 16066)
-* template, book: book template. (line 16119)
+ (line 2632)
+* tables, creating: table. (line 5570)
+* tabular environment: tabular. (line 5628)
+* template (simple), article: article template. (line 16274)
+* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 16244)
+* template, book: book template. (line 16297)
* template, book <1>: Larger book template.
- (line 16143)
+ (line 16321)
* templates, document: Document templates.
- (line 16059)
-* terminal input/output: Input/output. (line 15326)
-* terminal, writing to: \write. (line 15532)
-* TeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 13482)
-* texosquery package: \write18. (line 15757)
-* texput, jobname default: Jobname. (line 15975)
-* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 13423)
-* text, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* text, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13288)
-* text, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13257)
-* text, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13288)
+ (line 16237)
+* terminal input/output: Input/output. (line 15494)
+* terminal, writing to: \write. (line 15700)
+* TeX format (.fmt) files: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 13628)
+* texosquery package: \write18. (line 15925)
+* texput, jobname default: Jobname. (line 16153)
+* text style: Math styles. (line 10806)
+* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 13569)
+* text, resizing: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* text, resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
+* text, scaling: \scalebox. (line 13403)
+* text, scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 13434)
* textcase package: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13394)
-* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 13423)
-* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 10947)
-* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 5940)
-* theorem environment: theorem. (line 6177)
-* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 7616)
-* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 7616)
-* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6177)
+ (line 13540)
+* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 13569)
+* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11080)
+* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 5953)
+* theorem environment: theorem. (line 6190)
+* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 7664)
+* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 7664)
+* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6190)
* thin space: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10553)
+ (line 10611)
* thin space <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
+ (line 11663)
* thin space, negative: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 10567)
+ (line 10625)
* thin space, negative <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
- (line 11519)
+ (line 11663)
* thorn, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
- (line 13819)
-* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13618)
-* tie: ~. (line 11459)
-* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 13712)
-* TikZ package: \line. (line 5100)
-* TikZ package <1>: \strut. (line 11773)
-* TikZ package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12005)
-* tikz-cd package: Arrows. (line 9875)
-* tilde accent: Accents. (line 13677)
-* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10453)
-* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 13488)
+ (line 13965)
+* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13764)
+* tie: ~. (line 11603)
+* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 13858)
+* TikZ package: \line. (line 5113)
+* TikZ package <1>: \strut. (line 11918)
+* TikZ package <2>: \mbox & \makebox. (line 12151)
+* tikz-cd package: Arrows. (line 9930)
+* tilde accent: Accents. (line 13823)
+* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10508)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 13634)
* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
- (line 794)
-* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6207)
-* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 10954)
-* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6207)
+ (line 796)
+* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6220)
+* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 11087)
+* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6220)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 772)
-* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 10896)
-* titlesec package: Sectioning. (line 2598)
-* titlesec package <1>: \part. (line 2678)
-* titlesec package <2>: \chapter. (line 2757)
-* titlesec package <3>: \section. (line 2835)
-* titlesec package <4>: \subsection. (line 2901)
+ (line 774)
+* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 11029)
+* titlesec package: Sectioning. (line 2611)
+* titlesec package <1>: \part. (line 2691)
+* titlesec package <2>: \chapter. (line 2770)
+* titlesec package <3>: \section. (line 2848)
+* titlesec package <4>: \subsection. (line 2914)
* titlesec package <5>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 2978)
+ (line 2991)
* tocbibbind package: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14282)
-* tocdepth: Sectioning. (line 2618)
-* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2619)
+ (line 14428)
+* tocdepth: Sectioning. (line 2631)
+* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 2632)
* tocloft package: Table of contents etc..
- (line 14282)
-* today's date: \today. (line 13914)
-* tombstone: \rule. (line 13886)
+ (line 14428)
+* tocloft package <1>: \contentsline. (line 14648)
+* today's date: \today. (line 14060)
+* tombstone: \rule. (line 14032)
* topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 2290)
-* topnumber: Floats. (line 2526)
-* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2527)
-* totalnumber: Floats. (line 2530)
-* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2531)
-* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 13621)
-* transcript file: Output files. (line 481)
-* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* TS1 encoding: Text symbols. (line 13423)
-* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 2032)
-* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13624)
+ (line 2303)
+* topnumber: Floats. (line 2539)
+* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2540)
+* totalnumber: Floats. (line 2543)
+* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 2544)
+* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 13767)
+* transcript file: Output files. (line 483)
+* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* TS1 encoding: Text symbols. (line 13569)
+* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 2045)
+* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 13770)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
+ (line 803)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 801)
-* type styles: Font styles. (line 1701)
-* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 6246)
-* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 1840)
-* typefaces: Fonts. (line 1259)
-* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 1792)
-* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 3727)
+ (line 803)
+* type styles: Font styles. (line 1703)
+* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 6259)
+* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 1842)
+* typefaces: Fonts. (line 1261)
+* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 1794)
+* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 3740)
* ulem package: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10479)
-* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 13654)
-* unbreakable space: ~. (line 11459)
-* underbar: Accents. (line 13682)
+ (line 10534)
+* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 13800)
+* unbreakable space: ~. (line 11603)
+* underbar: Accents. (line 13828)
* underlining: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 10470)
-* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 13627)
-* Unicode: inputenc package. (line 13835)
-* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* unicode-math package: Greek letters. (line 10293)
-* units, of length: Units of length. (line 8264)
+ (line 10525)
+* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 13773)
+* Unicode: inputenc package. (line 13981)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* unicode-math package: Greek letters. (line 10348)
+* units, of length: Units of length. (line 8315)
* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document.
- (line 369)
-* unordered lists: itemize. (line 4210)
-* uplatex: TeX engines. (line 554)
-* uplatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 567)
+ (line 371)
+* unordered lists: itemize. (line 4223)
+* uplatex: TeX engines. (line 556)
+* uplatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 569)
* uppercase: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13357)
-* url package: \verb. (line 6323)
-* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6119)
-* UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding: Overview. (line 403)
-* UTF-8, engine support for: TeX engines. (line 505)
-* UTF-8, font support for: fontenc package. (line 1297)
-* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 7935)
-* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 10456)
-* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6246)
-* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6246)
-* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6290)
-* verbatimbox package: verbatim. (line 6282)
-* verse environment: verse. (line 6341)
-* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 13500)
-* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 13497)
-* vertical mode: Modes. (line 10838)
-* vertical space: \vspace. (line 11802)
-* vertical space <1>: \addvspace. (line 11882)
+ (line 13503)
+* url package: \verb. (line 6336)
+* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6132)
+* UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding: Overview. (line 405)
+* UTF-8, engine support for: TeX engines. (line 507)
+* UTF-8, font support for: fontenc package. (line 1299)
+* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 7983)
+* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 10511)
+* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6259)
+* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6259)
+* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6303)
+* verbatimbox package: verbatim. (line 6295)
+* verse environment: verse. (line 6354)
+* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 13646)
+* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 13643)
+* vertical mode: Modes. (line 10969)
+* vertical space: \vspace. (line 11947)
+* vertical space <1>: \addvspace. (line 12027)
* vertical space before paragraphs: \parindent & \parskip.
- (line 8720)
+ (line 8800)
* vertical spacing: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 10647)
-* vertical spacing <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10708)
-* vertical spacing, math mode: \smash. (line 10586)
-* visible space: \verb. (line 6315)
-* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13630)
+ (line 10706)
+* vertical spacing <1>: \mathstrut. (line 10769)
+* vertical spacing, math mode: \smash. (line 10645)
+* visible space: \verb. (line 6328)
+* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 13776)
* weights, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1938)
-* whatsit item: \write. (line 15567)
-* white space: Spaces. (line 11137)
-* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10459)
-* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10462)
+ (line 1951)
+* whatsit item: \write. (line 15735)
+* white space: Spaces. (line 11270)
+* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 10514)
+* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 10517)
* widths, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 1950)
+ (line 1963)
* Wright, Joseph: Upper and lower case.
- (line 13400)
-* writing external files: filecontents. (line 4036)
-* writing letters: Letters. (line 15029)
-* x-height: Units of length. (line 8296)
-* xdvi command: Output files. (line 463)
-* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 541)
-* xelatex: TeX engines. (line 540)
-* xelatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 568)
-* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 541)
-* xindex program: makeindex. (line 14871)
-* xindy program: makeindex. (line 14864)
+ (line 13546)
+* writing external files: filecontents. (line 4049)
+* writing letters: Letters. (line 15197)
+* x-height: Units of length. (line 8347)
+* xdvi command: Output files. (line 465)
+* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 543)
+* xelatex: TeX engines. (line 542)
+* xelatex-dev: TeX engines. (line 570)
+* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 543)
+* xindex program: makeindex. (line 15039)
+* xindy program: makeindex. (line 15032)
* xparse package: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 622)
-* xparse package <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7376)
-* xr package: xr package. (line 3410)
-* xr-hyper package: xr package. (line 3410)
-* xstring package: Jobname. (line 16003)
+ (line 624)
+* xparse package <1>: \@ifstar. (line 7422)
+* xr package: xr package. (line 3423)
+* xr-hyper package: xr package. (line 3423)
+* xstring package: Jobname. (line 16181)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.xml
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.xml 2021-08-12 21:36:59 UTC (rev 986)
+++ trunk/latex2e.xml 2021-08-13 17:12:43 UTC (rev 987)
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
<texinfo xml:lang="en">
<filename file="latex2e.xml"></filename>
<preamble>\input texinfo
-</preamble><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 936 2021-07-24 15:13:12Z jimhefferon $ -->
+</preamble><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 956 2021-08-12 11:34:54Z vincentb1 $ -->
<!-- comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
<setfilename file="latex2e.info" spaces=" ">latex2e.info</setfilename>
<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED July 2021">July 2021</set>
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@
<contents></contents>
<!-- c Best Effort Symbol -->
+<macro name="visiblespace" line=" visiblespace">@w{ }
+</macro>
<macro name="BES" line=" BES {utf8,math}"><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>@U{\utf8\}
</macro>
<macro name="BESU" line=" BESU {utf8,math}"><formalarg>utf8</formalarg><formalarg>math</formalarg>@U{\utf8\}
@@ -1521,6 +1523,9 @@
<para>Specify the font encodings. A font encoding is a mapping of the
character codes to the font glyphs that are used to typeset your output.
</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112"><r>package</r>, <code>fontspec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113"><code>fontspec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
<para>This package only applies if you use the <code>pdflatex</code> engine
(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you use the <command>xelatex</command> or
<command>lualatex</command> engine then instead use the <file>fontspec</file> package.
@@ -1530,7 +1535,7 @@
<code>\accent</code> (<pxref label="_005caccent"><xrefnodename>\accent</xrefnodename></pxref>) but this disables hyphenation. &tex;
users have agreed on a number of standards to access the larger sets of
characters provided by modern fonts. If you are using
-<command>pdflatex</command> then this in the preamble
+<command>pdflatex</command> then put this in the preamble
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
@@ -1543,10 +1548,10 @@
output can be copied and pasted. (The optional second line allows you
to directly enter accented characters into your source file.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112"><r>package</r>, <code>lmodern</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113"><code>lmodern</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114"><r>package</r>, <code>cm-super</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115"><code>cm-super</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114"><r>package</r>, <code>lmodern</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115"><code>lmodern</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116"><r>package</r>, <code>cm-super</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117"><code>cm-super</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>If you are using an encoding such as <code>T1</code> and the characters appear
blurry or do not magnify well then your fonts may be bitmapped,
@@ -1620,9 +1625,9 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareFontEncoding" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareFontEncoding</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareFontEncoding</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">font encoding, declaring</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">encoding, font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">font encoding, declaring</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">encoding, font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="110" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareFontEncoding</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1668,8 +1673,8 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextAccent" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextAccent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareFontEncoding</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">font encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="111" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1701,7 +1706,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextAccent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccent</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</indexterm></findex>
@@ -1856,7 +1861,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextComposite" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextComposite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextComposite</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="121" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextComposite</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1890,7 +1895,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbol</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextComposite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="122" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1918,7 +1923,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextSymbol" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextSymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">symbol, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">symbol, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="123" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1957,7 +1962,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\LastDeclaredEncoding</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareTextSymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">accents, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="124" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbol</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="125" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</indexterm></findex>
@@ -2078,13 +2083,13 @@
<node name="Font-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Font styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font sizes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">fontenc package</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font styles</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">font styles</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">type styles</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">styles of text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">font styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">type styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">styles of text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The following type style commands are supported by &latex;.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">declaration form of font style commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">declaration form of font style commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the table below the listed commands, the <code>\text...</code> commands,
are used with an argument as in <code>\textit{<var>text</var>}</code>. This is
the preferred form. But shown after it in parenthesis is the
@@ -2162,7 +2167,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">emphasis</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">emphasis</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151" mergedindex="cp">\emph</indexterm></findex>
<para>Although it also changes fonts, the <code>\emph{<var>text</var>}</code> command
is semantic, for text to be emphasized, and should not be used as a
@@ -2183,39 +2188,39 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="152" mergedindex="cp">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">bold font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">bold font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Switch to bold face.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="153" mergedindex="cp">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Switch to calligraphic letters for math.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="154" mergedindex="cp">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">italic font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">italic font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Italics.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="155" mergedindex="cp">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">roman font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">roman font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Roman.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="156" mergedindex="cp">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">small caps font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">small caps font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Small caps.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="157" mergedindex="cp">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Sans serif.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="158" mergedindex="cp">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">slanted font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">oblique font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">slanted font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">oblique font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Slanted (oblique).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="159" mergedindex="cp">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">monospace font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">monospace font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -2260,16 +2265,16 @@
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="166" mergedindex="cp">\mathversion</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">math, bold</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">bold math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">math, bold</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">bold math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default.
</para>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="167" mergedindex="cp">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will
typeset so-called &textldquo;old-style&textrdquo; numerals, which have differing heights
and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard &textldquo;lining&textrdquo;
@@ -2285,9 +2290,9 @@
<node name="Font-sizes" spaces=" "><nodename>Font sizes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Low-level font commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Font styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font sizes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">font sizes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">font sizes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;.
The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font
@@ -2330,7 +2335,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">declaration form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">declaration form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The commands are listed here in declaration (not environment) form,
since that is how they are typically used. For example.
</para>
@@ -2346,7 +2351,19 @@
style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
in curly braces <code>{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">environment form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Trying to use these commands in math, as with <code>$\small mv^2/2$</code>,
+results in <samp>LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode</samp>, and the font size doesn&textrsquo;t
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the <code>displaymath</code> environment (<pxref label="Math-formulas"><xrefnodename>Math formulas</xrefnodename></pxref>), or
+one of the environments from the <file>amsmath</file> package. For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like <code>{\small $mv^2/2$}</code>. (Sometimes <code>\scriptsize</code> and
+<code>\scriptstyle</code> are confused. Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. <xref label="Math-styles"><xrefnodename>Math styles</xrefnodename></xref>.)
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">environment form of font size commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>An <dfn>environment form</dfn> of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>. However, in practice
this form can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or
@@ -2365,8 +2382,8 @@
<node name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Low-level font commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Font sizes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Low-level font commands</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available
@@ -2390,8 +2407,8 @@
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontfamily">low level font commands fontfamily</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontfamily{<var>family</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="179" mergedindex="cp">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Select the font family. The web page
<url><urefurl>https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/</urefurl></url> provides one way to browse
through many of the fonts easily used with &latex;. Here are
@@ -2444,7 +2461,7 @@
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontseries">low level font commands fontseries</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontseries{<var>series</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="180" mergedindex="cp">\fontseries</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Select the font series. A <dfn>series</dfn> combines a <dfn>weight</dfn> and a
<dfn>width</dfn>. Typically, a font supports only a few of the possible
combinations. Some common combined series values include:
@@ -2462,7 +2479,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Bold extended
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The possible values for weight, individually, are:
</para>
<multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on">xx</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">Medium (normal) xx</columnprototype></columnprototypes>
@@ -2486,7 +2503,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Ultra bold
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The possible values for width, individually, are (the meaning and
relationship of these terms varies with individual typefaces):
</para>
@@ -2518,7 +2535,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontshape{<var>shape</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="181" mergedindex="cp">\fontshape</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontshape">low level font commands fontshape</anchor>
<para>Select font shape. Valid shapes are:
</para>
@@ -2543,7 +2560,7 @@
<anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontsize">low level font commands fontsize</anchor>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontsize{<var>size</var>}{<var>skip</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="182" mergedindex="cp">\fontsize</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">font size</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">font size</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="183" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
<para>Set the font size and the line spacing. The unit of both parameters
defaults to points (<code>pt</code>). The line spacing is the nominal
@@ -2592,7 +2609,7 @@
<node name="Layout" spaces=" "><nodename>Layout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Sectioning</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Fonts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Layout</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">layout commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">layout commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Commands for controlling the general page layout.
</para>
@@ -2611,7 +2628,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\onecolumn</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="187" mergedindex="cp">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">one-column output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">one-column output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -2630,8 +2647,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\twocolumn</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="188" mergedindex="cp">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">two-column output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">two-column output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -2792,7 +2809,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedbottom</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="198" mergedindex="cp">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Make all later pages the natural height of the material on that page; no
rubber vertical lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided
@@ -2807,12 +2824,12 @@
<node name="Page-layout-parameters" spaces=" "><nodename>Page layout parameters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\baselineskip & \baselinestretch</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page layout parameters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="199" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item>
@@ -2999,10 +3016,10 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="237" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="238" mergedindex="cp">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="239" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">space between lines</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174">interline space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175">leading</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176">double spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175">space between lines</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176">interline space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177">leading</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">double spacing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\baselineskip</code> is a rubber length (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It gives
the leading, the normal distance between lines in a paragraph, from
@@ -3087,8 +3104,8 @@
the start of a document, so there you don&textrsquo;t need to follow it with
<code>\selectfont</code>.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A simpler approach is the <file>setspace</file> package. The basic example:
</para>
@@ -3137,8 +3154,8 @@
event, because all floats in a class must appear in sequential order,
every following float in that class also appears at the end.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In addition to changing the parameters, for each float you can tweak
where the float placement algorithm tries to place it by using its
<var>placement</var> argument. The possible values are a sequence of the
@@ -3161,9 +3178,9 @@
appears. However, <code>h</code> is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is
automatically added.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To absolutely force a float to appear &textldquo;here&textrdquo;, you can
<code>\usepackage{float}</code> and use the <code>H</code> specifier which it
@@ -3171,7 +3188,7 @@
<url><urefurl>https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-figurehere</urefurl></url>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">p</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184">float page</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186">float page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>(Page of floats)&textmdash;on a separate <dfn>float page</dfn>, which is a page
containing no text, only floats.
</para>
@@ -3199,8 +3216,8 @@
<code>\afterpage{\clearpage}</code>. This will wait until the current page
is finished and then flush all outstanding floats.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; can typeset a float before where it appears in the source
(although on the same output page) if there is a <code>t</code> specifier in
@@ -3312,14 +3329,14 @@
<node name="Sectioning" spaces=" "><nodename>Sectioning</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Cross references</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Layout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Sectioning</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188">part</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">section</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">part</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192">section</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
@@ -3364,7 +3381,7 @@
</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>\subparagraph</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>5
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>All these commands have a <code>*</code>-form that prints <var>title</var> as usual
but does not number it and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
An example of using this is for an appendix in an <code>article</code>. The
@@ -3394,8 +3411,8 @@
<code>\section</code> you will have a <code>\chapter</code>. Otherwise you can get
something like a subsection numbered <samp>3.0.1</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; lets you change the appearance of the sectional units. As a
simple example, you can change the section numbering to upper-case
@@ -3409,7 +3426,7 @@
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="273" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth</indexterm>secnumdepth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="sectioning-secnumdepth">sectioning secnumdepth</anchor>
<anchor name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</anchor>
<para>Controls which sectioning unit are numbered. Setting the counter with
@@ -3425,7 +3442,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="275" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth</indexterm>tocdepth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="sectioning-tocdepth">sectioning tocdepth</anchor>
<anchor name="Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</anchor>
<para>Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents.
@@ -3455,8 +3472,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\part</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">part</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">part</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3508,15 +3525,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a part is -1
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>, and <ref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the class <code>article</code>, if a paragraph immediately follows the part
title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
<file>indentfirst</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>One package to change the behavior of <code>\part</code> is <file>titlesec</file>.
See its documentation on CTAN.
@@ -3527,7 +3544,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\chapter</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208">chapter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3594,8 +3611,8 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is 0
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
@@ -3612,8 +3629,8 @@
\makeatother
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent><para>To make this change because of the primary language for
the document, see the package <file>babel</file>.
@@ -3623,8 +3640,8 @@
running headers. To make that page completely blank,
see <ref label="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage"><xrefnodename>\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To change the behavior of the <code>\chapter</code> command, you can copy its
definition from the &latex; format file and make adjustments. But
@@ -3652,7 +3669,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\section</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213">section</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215">section</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3720,15 +3737,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <file>indentfirst</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>In general, to change the behavior of the <code>\section</code> command, there
are a number of options. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command
@@ -3757,7 +3774,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsection</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220">subsection</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3810,15 +3827,15 @@
the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is 2
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <file>indentfirst</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
<code>\subsection</code> command. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command
@@ -3846,11 +3863,11 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226">paragraph</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -3916,15 +3933,15 @@
a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5
(<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
package <file>indentfirst</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands.
One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command (<pxref label="_005c_0040startsection"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;startsection</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -3938,8 +3955,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\appendix</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284" mergedindex="cp">\appendix</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230">appendix</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231">appendices</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232">appendix</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233">appendices</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -3971,8 +3988,8 @@
<samp>Appendix A</samp> and <samp>Appendix B</samp>. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template</xrefnodename></xref>,
for another example.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>appendix</file> package adds the command
<code>\appendixpage</code> to put a separate <samp>Appendices</samp> in the document
@@ -3988,16 +4005,16 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285" mergedindex="cp">\frontmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235">front matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237">front matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286" mergedindex="cp">\mainmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237">main matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">main matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287" mergedindex="cp">\backmatter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">back matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">end matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">back matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">end matter of a book</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one or more of:
</para>
@@ -4039,7 +4056,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;startsection</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4289,9 +4306,9 @@
<node name="Cross-references" spaces=" "><nodename>Cross references</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environments</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Cross references</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">cross references</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245">cross references</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244">label</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">label</indexterm></cindex>
<para>We often want something like <samp>See Theorem~31</samp>. But by-hand typing
the 31 is poor practice. Instead you should write a <dfn>label</dfn> such as
<code>\label{eq:GreensThm}</code> and then <dfn>reference</dfn> it, as with
@@ -4315,8 +4332,8 @@
the information is in <file>calculus.aux</file>. &latex; puts the
information in that file every time it runs across a <code>\label</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245">forward reference</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">forward reference</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The behavior described in the prior paragraph results in a quirk that
happens when your document has a <dfn>forward reference</dfn>, a <code>\ref</code>
that appears before the associated <code>\label</code>. If this is the first
@@ -4328,8 +4345,8 @@
and the output contains the old reference information. In both cases,
resolve this by compiling the document a second time.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>cleveref</code> package enhances &latex;&textrsquo;s
cross referencing features. You can arrange that if you enter
<code>\begin{thm}\label{th:Nerode}...\end{thm}</code> then
@@ -4420,8 +4437,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pageref</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290" mergedindex="cp">\pageref</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4455,11 +4472,11 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ref</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291" mergedindex="cp">\ref</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4489,8 +4506,8 @@
\end{enumerate}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>cleveref</file> package includes text such as <samp>Theorem</samp> in the
reference. See the documentation on CTAN.
@@ -4503,7 +4520,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292" mergedindex="cp"><code>xr</code> package</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293" mergedindex="cp"><code>xr-hyper</code> package</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294" mergedindex="cp">\externaldocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258">cross referencing, across documents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260">cross referencing, across documents</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4577,7 +4594,7 @@
<node name="Environments" spaces=" "><nodename>Environments</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Line breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Cross references</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259">environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261">environments</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295" mergedindex="cp">\begin</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296" mergedindex="cp">\end</indexterm></findex>
@@ -4597,7 +4614,7 @@
<samp>! LaTeX Error: \begin{table*} on input line 5 ended by
\end{table}.</samp>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Environments are executed within a group.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
@@ -4638,7 +4655,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="297" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="298" mergedindex="cp"><code>abstract</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261">abstracts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263">abstracts</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4665,8 +4682,8 @@
\end{abstract}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262"><r>package</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263"><code>abstract</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264"><r>package</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265"><code>abstract</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The next example produces a one column abstract in a two column document (for
a more flexible solution, use the package <file>abstract</file>).
@@ -4701,7 +4718,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300" mergedindex="cp"><code>array</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4763,8 +4780,8 @@
default for this is <samp>5pt</samp> so that between two columns comes
10<dmn>pt</dmn> of space.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To obtain arrays with braces the standard is to use the <file>amsmath</file>
package. It comes with environments <code>pmatrix</code> for an array
@@ -4775,8 +4792,8 @@
<code>Vmatrix</code> for an array surrounded by double vertical
bars <code>||...||</code>, along with a number of other array constructs.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The next example uses the <file>amsmath</file> package.
</para>
@@ -4791,11 +4808,11 @@
\end{equation}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269"><r>package</r>, <code>array (package)</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270"><code>array (package)</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271"><r>package</r>, <code>array (package)</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272"><code>array (package)</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages concerning arrays. The <file>array</file> package has
many useful extensions, including more column types. The <file>dcolumn</file>
@@ -4810,7 +4827,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>center</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303" mergedindex="cp"><code>center</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4874,7 +4891,7 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\centering</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305" mergedindex="cp">\centering</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4934,8 +4951,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>description</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307" mergedindex="cp"><code>description</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -4972,8 +4989,8 @@
no sensible default. Following the <code>\item</code> is optional text, which
may contain multiple paragraphs.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Since the labels are in bold style, if the label text calls for a font
change given in argument style (see <ref label="Font-styles"><xrefnodename>Font styles</xrefnodename></ref>) then it will come
out bold. For instance, if the label text calls for typewriter with
@@ -5028,8 +5045,8 @@
</para>
<para>&latex; will not break the <var>math text</var> across lines.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that the <file>amsmath</file> package has significantly more extensive
displayed equation facilities. For example, there are a number of
@@ -5084,7 +5101,7 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtBeginDocument</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5107,7 +5124,7 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtEndDocument</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDocument</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5134,7 +5151,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>enumerate</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318" mergedindex="cp"><code>enumerate</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5237,12 +5254,12 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>eqnarray</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330" mergedindex="cp"><code>eqnarray</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>eqnarray</code> environment is obsolete. It has infelicities,
including spacing that is inconsistent with other mathematics elements.
(See &textldquo;Avoid eqnarray!&textrdquo;&noeos; by Lars Madsen
@@ -5284,7 +5301,7 @@
equations, and will disallow a page break there (<pxref label="_005c_005c"><xrefnodename>\\</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="333" mergedindex="cp">\nonumber</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The unstarred form <code>eqnarray</code> places an equation number on every
line (using the <code>equation</code> counter), unless that line contains a
<code>\nonumber</code> command. The starred form <code>eqnarray*</code> omits
@@ -5314,8 +5331,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="335" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="336" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5333,8 +5350,8 @@
<code>\begin{equation}</code>, or &latex; will tell you that there is a
missing dollar sign.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <file>amsmath</file> package has extensive displayed equation
facilities. New documents should include this package.
@@ -5347,8 +5364,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="337" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>figure</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="338" mergedindex="cp"><code>figure</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5425,8 +5442,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="342" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents*</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="343" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents*</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297">writing external files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299">writing external files</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5459,16 +5476,16 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">force</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">overwrite</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298"><code>force</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299"><code>overwrite</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300"><code>force</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301"><code>overwrite</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Overwrite an existing file.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">noheader</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300"><code>noheader</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302"><code>noheader</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Omit the header. Equivalent to using <code>filecontents*</code>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">nosearch</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301"><code>nosearch</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303"><code>nosearch</code> option for <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Only check the current directory (and the output directory, if
specified) for an existing file, not the entire search path.
</para>
@@ -5476,8 +5493,8 @@
<para>These options were added in a 2019 release of &latex;.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302">self-contained sources</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303">source files, making self-contained</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304">self-contained sources</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305">source files, making self-contained</indexterm></cindex>
<para>This environment can be used anywhere in the preamble, although it
often appears before the <code>\documentclass</code> command. It is
commonly used to create a <code>.bib</code> or other such data file from the
@@ -5517,8 +5534,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="344" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushleft</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="345" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushleft</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5561,9 +5578,9 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedright</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="347" mergedindex="cp">\raggedright</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -5613,8 +5630,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="348" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushright</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="349" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushright</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{flushright}
@@ -5645,9 +5662,9 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedleft</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="351" mergedindex="cp">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -5689,10 +5706,10 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="353" mergedindex="cp"><code>itemize</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="354" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314">lists of items</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316">lists of items</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -5787,8 +5804,8 @@
level 2, <code>1.87em</code> in level 3, and <code>1.7em</code> in level 4, with
smaller values for more deeply nested levels.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For other major &latex; labeled list environments, see
<ref label="description"><xrefnodename>description</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref label="enumerate"><xrefnodename>enumerate</xrefnodename></ref>. The <code>itemize</code>,
@@ -5839,7 +5856,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="370" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>list</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="371" mergedindex="cp"><code>list</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6124,8 +6141,8 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>enumitem</code> is useful for customizing lists.
</para>
@@ -6260,7 +6277,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="386" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="387" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323">inline formulas</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325">inline formulas</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -6284,7 +6301,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="390" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>minipage</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="391" mergedindex="cp"><code>minipage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -6413,15 +6430,15 @@
Text after
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="394" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
<para>By default paragraphs are not indented in a <code>minipage</code>. Change
that with a command such as <code>\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}</code> at
the start of <var>contents</var>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Footnotes in a <code>minipage</code> environment are handled in a way that is
particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A
<code>\footnote</code> or <code>\footnotetext</code> command puts the footnote at
@@ -6454,8 +6471,8 @@
<para>This puts a table containing data side by side with a map graphic. They
are vertically centered.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">% siunitx to have the S column specifier,
@@ -6491,8 +6508,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="395" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>picture</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="396" mergedindex="cp"><code>picture</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para><example endspaces=" ">
@@ -6565,7 +6582,7 @@
picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate
optional argument.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Each <var>picture command</var> tells &latex; where to put something by
providing its position. A <dfn>position</dfn> is a pair such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code>
giving the x- and y-coordinates. A <dfn>coordinate</dfn> is a not a length,
@@ -6786,8 +6803,8 @@
\graphpaper[<var>spacing</var>](<var>x_init</var>,<var>y_init</var>)(<var>x_dimen</var>,<var>y_dimen</var>)
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334"><r>package</r>, <code>graphpap</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335"><code>graphpap</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336"><r>package</r>, <code>graphpap</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337"><code>graphpap</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Draw a coordinate grid. Requires the <file>graphpap</file> package.
The grid&textrsquo;s origin is <code>(<var>x_init</var>,<var>y_init</var>)</code>.
@@ -6853,22 +6870,22 @@
<para>If <var>travel</var> is negative then you get <code>LaTeX Error: Bad \line or
\vector argument.</code>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336"><code>pict2e</code> package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338"><code>pict2e</code> package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Standard &latex; can only draw lines with a limited range of slopes
because these lines are made by putting together line segments from
@@ -7246,15 +7263,15 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="418" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quotation</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="419" mergedindex="cp"><code>quotation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="420" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quote</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="421" mergedindex="cp"><code>quote</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7300,9 +7317,9 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="422" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabbing</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="423" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabbing</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7350,14 +7367,14 @@
the end of line, so that the width of the environment is
<code>\linewidth</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>tabbing</code> environment contains a sequence of <dfn>tabbed
rows</dfn>. The first tabbed row begins immediately after
<code>\begin{tabbing}</code> and each row ends with <code>\\</code> or
<code>\kill</code>. The last row may omit the <code>\\</code> and end with just
<code>\end{tabbing}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">pattern, current tab stops, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360">pattern, current tab stops, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>At any point the <code>tabbing</code> environment has a <dfn>current tab stop
pattern</dfn>, a sequence of <math><var>n</var> > 0</math> tab stops, numbered 0, 1,
etc. These create <var>n</var> corresponding columns. Tab stop 0 is
@@ -7469,15 +7486,15 @@
end;
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>This example is just for illustration of the environment. To actually
@@ -7494,8 +7511,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="442" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>table</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="443" mergedindex="cp"><code>table</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368">creating tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">creating tables</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7568,8 +7585,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="445" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabular</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="446" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabular</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -7980,7 +7997,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="458" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>thebibliography</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="459" mergedindex="cp"><code>thebibliography</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8037,8 +8054,8 @@
as with <code>\renewcommand{\refname}{Cited references}</code>, after
<code>\begin{document}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Language support packages such as <file>babel</file> will automatically
redefine <code>\refname</code> or <code>\bibname</code> to fit the selected
@@ -8074,7 +8091,7 @@
<para>Generate an entry labeled by default by a number generated using the
<code>enumi</code> counter. The <dfn>citation key</dfn>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374">citation key</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">citation key</indexterm></cindex>
<var>cite_key</var> can be any string of
letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols (but not comma).
</para>
@@ -8215,9 +8232,9 @@
<node name="Using-BibTeX" spaces=" "><nodename>Using BibTeX</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nocite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Using Bib&tex;</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="465" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="466" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography</indexterm></findex>
@@ -8294,7 +8311,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="467" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theorem</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="468" mergedindex="cp"><code>theorem</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8322,11 +8339,11 @@
\end{thm}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Most new documents use the packages <code>amsthm</code> and <code>amsmath</code>
from the American Mathematical Society. Among other things these
@@ -8341,8 +8358,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="469" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>titlepage</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="470" mergedindex="cp"><code>titlepage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383">making a title page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">making a title page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8392,11 +8409,11 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="471" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verbatim</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="472" mergedindex="cp"><code>verbatim</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8422,8 +8439,8 @@
<para>The only restriction on <code>literal-text</code> is that it cannot include
the string <code>\end{verbatim}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>You cannot use the verbatim environment in the argument to macros, for
instance in the argument to a <code>\section</code>. This is not the same as
@@ -8435,11 +8452,11 @@
when the macro was called. However, the <code>cprotect</code> package can
help with this.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. There are
packages that are an improvement the <code>verbatim</code> environment. For
@@ -8447,11 +8464,11 @@
files, or parts of those files. Such packages include <code>listings</code>,
and <code>minted</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments is
<code>fancyvrb</code>. Another is <code>verbatimbox</code>.
@@ -8467,7 +8484,7 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\verb</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="473" mergedindex="cp">\verb</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8500,7 +8517,7 @@
other). The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. The
<var>literal-text</var> cannot include a line break.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401">visible space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403">visible space</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>*</code>-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a visible
space character.
<tex endspaces=" ">
@@ -8513,24 +8530,24 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">The command's first argument is \verb*!filename with extension! and ...
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For typesetting Internet addresses, urls, the package <code>url</code>
is a better option than the <code>\verb</code> command, since
it allows line breaks.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For computer code there are many packages with advantages over
<code>\verb</code>. One is <file>listings</file>, another is <file>minted</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>You cannot use <code>\verb</code> in the argument to a macro, for instance in
the argument to a <code>\section</code>. It is not a question of <code>\verb</code>
@@ -8550,7 +8567,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="474" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verse</code></indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="475" mergedindex="cp"><code>verse</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8599,8 +8616,8 @@
<node name="Line-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Line breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environments</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Line breaking</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411">line breaking</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413">line breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
@@ -8632,8 +8649,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\\</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="477" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="416">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -8718,7 +8735,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="478" mergedindex="cp">\obeycr</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="479" mergedindex="cp">\restorecr</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="417">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>,
internally) the same as <code>\\</code>, followed by <code>\relax</code>. So each
@@ -8769,7 +8786,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newline</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="480" mergedindex="cp">\newline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="416">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="418">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In ordinary text, this ends a line in a way that does not right-justify
the line, so the prior text is not stretched. That is, in paragraph mode
@@ -8802,7 +8819,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="481" mergedindex="cp">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="417">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="419">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Tell &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you
insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at
@@ -8843,8 +8860,8 @@
</section>
<node name="_005cdiscretionary" spaces=" "><nodename>\discretionary</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="418">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="419">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="420">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="421">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8877,7 +8894,7 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="482" mergedindex="cp">\fussy</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="483" mergedindex="cp">\sloppy</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="420">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="422">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Declarations to make &tex; more picky or less picky about line
breaking. Declaring <code>\fussy</code> usually avoids too much space between
@@ -8900,7 +8917,7 @@
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>sloppypar</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="484" mergedindex="cp">sloppypar</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="421">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="423">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8938,7 +8955,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hyphenation</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="485" mergedindex="cp">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="422">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="424">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -8966,8 +8983,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="486" mergedindex="cp">\linebreak</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="487" mergedindex="cp">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="423">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="424">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="425">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="426">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -9012,8 +9029,8 @@
<node name="Page-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Page breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page breaking</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="425">page breaking</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="426">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="427">page breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="428">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ordinarily &latex; automatically takes care of breaking output into
pages with its usual aplomb. But if you are writing commands, or
@@ -9057,10 +9074,10 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\clearpage</code> & <code>\cleardoublepage</code> </sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="488" mergedindex="cp">\clearpage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="427">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="428">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="429">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="430">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="489" mergedindex="cp">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="429">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="431">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9116,8 +9133,8 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newpage</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="490" mergedindex="cp">\newpage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="430">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="431">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9161,7 +9178,7 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\enlargethispage</code></sectiontitle>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="491" mergedindex="cp">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="434">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9196,8 +9213,8 @@
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="492" mergedindex="cp">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex>
<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="493" mergedindex="cp">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="434">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="435">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="436">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -9247,11 +9264,12 @@
occurred while \output is active</samp>. <xref label="_005cnewpage"><xrefnodename>\newpage</xrefnodename></xref>, for a command that
does not have these effects.
</para>
-<para>(There is an obsolete command <code>\samepage</code>, which tries to restrict
-the automatic page breaking mechanism so that a break will only happen
-between two paragraphs. There is a related environment <code>samepage</code>,
-also obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For more on keeping
-material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="494" mergedindex="cp">\samepage</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="495" mergedindex="cp">samepage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<para>(There is an obsolete declaration <code>\samepage</code>, which tries to only
+allow a break between two paragraphs. There is a related environment
+<code>samepage</code>, also obsolete. Neither of these work reliably. For
+more on keeping material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
<url><urefurl>https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk</urefurl></url>.)
</para>
@@ -9260,7 +9278,7 @@
<node name="Footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Definitions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="435">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="437">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
</para>
@@ -9294,7 +9312,7 @@
<node name="_005cfootnote" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnote</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="494" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="496" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9318,9 +9336,9 @@
the footnote. If you use this then &latex; does not increment the
<code>footnote</code> counter.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="436">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="495" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="496" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="438">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="497" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="498" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex>
<para>By default, &latex; uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change
this with something like
<code>\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}</code>, which
@@ -9331,11 +9349,11 @@
</para>
<para>&latex; determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="437">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="438">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="439">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="440">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="497" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="499" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnoterule">footnote footnoterule</anchor>
<para>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&textrsquo;s
footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
@@ -9351,7 +9369,7 @@
\kern 2pt} % and this 2
</pre></example>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="498" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="500" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnotesep">footnote footnotesep</anchor>
<para>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote
(<pxref label="_005cstrut"><xrefnodename>\strut</xrefnodename></pxref>). By default, this is set to the normal strut for
@@ -9370,8 +9388,8 @@
paragraph mode; <pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). There are some workarounds; see
following sections.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="439">footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="440">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="441">footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="442">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In a <code>minipage</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command uses the
<code>mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the <code>footnote</code> counter, so
they are numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the
@@ -9383,7 +9401,7 @@
<node name="_005cfootnotemark" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotemark</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotemark</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="499" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="501" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9436,11 +9454,11 @@
Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="441"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="442"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="443"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="444"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="443"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="444"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="445"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="446"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This example accomplishes the same by using the package <file>cleveref</file>.
</para>
@@ -9454,8 +9472,8 @@
But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="445"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="446"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="447"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="448"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>It will work with the package <file>hyperref</file>.
</para>
@@ -9464,7 +9482,7 @@
<node name="_005cfootnotetext" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotetext</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotetext</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="500" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="502" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -9487,8 +9505,8 @@
<node name="Footnotes-in-section-headings" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in section headings</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in section headings</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="447">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="448">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="450">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
</para>
@@ -9517,7 +9535,7 @@
<node name="Footnotes-in-a-table" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in a table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes of footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in a table</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="451">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Inside a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code>
command does not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but
@@ -9598,10 +9616,10 @@
<node name="Footnotes-of-footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes of footnotes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes of footnotes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="450">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="452">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="451"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="452"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="453"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="454"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of
footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package
@@ -9624,7 +9642,7 @@
<node name="Definitions" spaces=" "><nodename>Definitions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Counters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Definitions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="453">definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="455">definitions</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
</para>
@@ -9648,11 +9666,11 @@
<node name="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\providecommand</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="501" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="454">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="455">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="456">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="457">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="503" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="456">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="457">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="458">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="459">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -9680,9 +9698,9 @@
<para>Define or redefine a command (see also the discussion of
<code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code> in <ref label="Class-and-package-commands"><xrefnodename>Class and package commands</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="458">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="459">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="502" mergedindex="cp">\long</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="460">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="461">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="504" mergedindex="cp">\long</indexterm></findex>
<para>The starred form of these two forbids the arguments from containing
multiple paragraphs of text (in plain &tex; terms, the commands
are not <code>\long</code>). With the default form, arguments can be
@@ -9693,8 +9711,8 @@
<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">cmd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem>
-<para>Required; the command name. It must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>,
-and must not begin with the four letter string <code>\end</code>. For
+<para>Required; <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> is the command name. It must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>,
+and must not begin with the four character string <code>\end</code>. For
<code>\newcommand</code>, it must not be already defined. For
<code>\renewcommand</code>, this name must already be defined.
</para>
@@ -9711,7 +9729,7 @@
(which may be the empty string). If <var>optargsdefault</var> is not present
then <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> does not take an optional argument.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="460">positional parameter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="462">positional parameter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>That is, if <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> is used with square brackets, as in
<code>\<var>cmd</var>[<var>optval</var>]{...}...</code>, then within <var>defn</var> the
parameter <code>#1</code> is set to the value of <var>optval</var>. On the
@@ -9734,10 +9752,11 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<para>&tex; ignores spaces in the source following an alphabetic control
-sequence, as in <samp>\cmd </samp>. If you actually want a space there, one
-solution is to type <code>{}</code> after the command (<samp>\cmd{} </samp>, and
-another solution is to use an explicit control space (<samp>\cmd\ </samp>).
+<para>&tex; ignores blanks in the source following a control word
+(<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), as in <samp>\cmd </samp>. If you actually want a
+space there, one solution is to type <code>{}</code> after the command
+(<samp>\cmd{} </samp>, and another solution is to use an explicit control
+space (<samp>\cmd\ </samp>).
</para>
<para>A simple example of defining a new command:
<code>\newcommand{\RS}{Robin Smith}</code> results in <code>\RS</code> being
@@ -9750,8 +9769,8 @@
to redefine a command and the name has not yet been used then you get
something like <samp>LaTeX Error: \hank undefined</samp>.
</para>
-<para>Here the first command definition has no arguments, and the second has
-one required argument.
+<para>Here the first definition creates a command with no arguments, and the
+second, one with one required argument.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\student}{Ms~O'Leary}
@@ -9760,7 +9779,7 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>Use the first as in <code>I highly recommend \student{} to you</code>. The
-second has a variable, so that <code>\defref{def:basis}</code> expands to
+second has a variable argument, so that <code>\defref{def:basis}</code> expands to
<code>Definition~\ref{def:basis}</code>, which ultimately expands to
something like <samp>Definition~3.14</samp>.
</para>
@@ -9807,15 +9826,57 @@
is to put another pair of braces inside the definition:
<code>\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}</code>.
</para>
+<menu endspaces=" ">
+<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Control sequences</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
+<node name="Control-sequences" spaces=" "><nodename>Control sequences</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeup></node>
+<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Control sequence, control word and control symbol.</sectiontitle>
+
+<para>When reading input &tex; converts the sequences of read characters into
+a sequence of <dfn>tokens</dfn>. When &tex; sees a backslash <code>\</code>, it
+will handle the following characters in a special way in order to make a
+<dfn>control sequence</dfn> token.
+</para>
+<para>The control sequences fall into two catagories:
+</para>
+<itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "><itemprepend>•</itemprepend>
+<listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para><dfn>control word</dfn>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
+<code>\</code> followed by at least one ASCII letter, followed by at least one
+blank. The sequence of at least one ASCII letter is called the
+<dfn>control sequence name</dfn>.
+</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para><dfn>control symbol</dfn>, when the control sequence is gathered from a
+<code>\</code> followed by one non-letter character.
+</para></listitem></itemize>
+
+<para>Blanks after a control word are ignored and do not produce any
+whitespace in the ouput (<pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref> and
+<ref label="_005c_0028SPACE_0029"><xrefnodename>\(SPACE)</xrefnodename></ref>).
+</para>
+<para>Just as the <code>\relax</code> command does nothing, the following will print
+<samp>Hello!</samp><inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>tex</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt><inlinefmt><inlinefmtformat>info</inlinefmtformat></inlinefmt>:
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">Hel\relax<w> </w><w> </w><w> </w>
+<w> </w><w> </w><w> </w>lo!
+</pre></example>
+
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>This is because blanks after <code>\relax</code>, including the newline are
+ignored, and blanks at the beginning of a line are also ignored
+(<pxref label="Leading-blanks"><xrefnodename>Leading blanks</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</para>
+</subsection>
</section>
<node name="_005cprovidecommand" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\providecommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\providecommand</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="503" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="461">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="462">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="463">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="505" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="463">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="464">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="465">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -9867,9 +9928,9 @@
category code of the at-sign to code 12, its default value.
</para>
<para>As &tex; reads characters, it assigns each one a category code, or
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="464">catcode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="465">character category code</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="466">category code, character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="466">catcode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="467">character category code</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="468">category code, character</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>catcode</dfn>. For instance, it assigns the backslash
character <samp><code>\</code></samp> the catcode 0. Command names
consist of a category 0 character, ordinarily backslash, followed
@@ -9891,8 +9952,8 @@
arrange that the at-sign has the character code of a letter,
catcode 11.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="467"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="468"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="469"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="470"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For a comprehensive list of macros with an at-sign in their names see
<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e</urefurl></url>.
@@ -9913,9 +9974,9 @@
<node name="_005c_0040ifstar" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;ifstar</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;ifstar</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="504" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="469">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="470">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="506" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="471">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="472">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -9983,11 +10044,11 @@
<code>\agentsecret<w> *</w>{Bond}</code> are equivalent. However, the
standard practice is not to insert any such spaces.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="471"><r>package</r>, <code>suffix</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="472"><code>suffix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="473"><r>package</r>, <code>suffix</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="474"><code>suffix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="473"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="474"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="475"><r>package</r>, <code>xparse</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="476"><code>xparse</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are two alternative ways to accomplish the work of
<code>\&arobase;ifstar</code>. (1) The <file>suffix</file> package allows the
@@ -10009,8 +10070,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;ifstar</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="505" mergedindex="cp">\newcounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="475">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="507" mergedindex="cp">\newcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="477">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -10062,24 +10123,26 @@
<node name="_005cnewlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\newlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newlength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="506" mergedindex="cp">\newlength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="476">lengths, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="477">rubber lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="478">skip register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="479">glue register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="508" mergedindex="cp">\newlength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="478">lengths, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="479">rubber lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="480">skip register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="481">glue register, plain &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{<var>arg</var>}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{\<var>len</var>}
</pre></example>
<para>Allocate a new length register (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). The required argument
-<var>arg</var> must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>. The new register holds
-rubber lengths such as <code>72.27pt</code> or <code>1in plus.2in minus.1in</code>
-(a &latex; length register is what plain &tex; calls a <code>skip</code>
-register). The initial value is zero. The control sequence
-<code>\<var>arg</var></code> must not be already defined.
+<code>\<var>len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control
+sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under
+normal circumstances. The new register holds rubber lengths such as
+<code>72.27pt</code> or <code>1in plus.2in minus.1in</code> (a &latex; length
+register is what plain &tex; calls a <code>skip</code> register). The
+initial value is zero. The control sequence <code>\<var>len</var></code> must not
+be already defined.
</para>
<para>An example:
</para>
@@ -10088,7 +10151,7 @@
</pre></example>
<para>If you forget the backslash then you get <samp>Missing control sequence
-inserted</samp>. If the command sequence already exists then you get
+inserted</samp>. If the control sequence already exists then you get
something like <samp>LaTeX Error: Command \graphichgt already defined.
Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual</samp>.
</para>
@@ -10097,8 +10160,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewsavebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\newsavebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newsavebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="507" mergedindex="cp">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="480">box, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="509" mergedindex="cp">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="482">box, allocating new</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10135,11 +10198,11 @@
<node name="_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" spaces=" "><nodename>\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="508" mergedindex="cp">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="509" mergedindex="cp">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="481">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="482">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="483">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="510" mergedindex="cp">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="511" mergedindex="cp">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="483">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="484">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="485">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -10167,7 +10230,7 @@
<para>Define or redefine the environment <var>env</var>, that is, create the
construct <code>\begin{<var>env</var>} ... <var>body</var> ... \end{<var>env</var>}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="484"><code>*</code>-form of environment commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="486"><code>*</code>-form of environment commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The starred form of these commands requires that the arguments not
contain multiple paragraphs of text. However, the body of these
environments can contain multiple paragraphs.
@@ -10299,12 +10362,12 @@
<node name="_005cnewtheorem" spaces=" "><nodename>\newtheorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newfont</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newtheorem</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="510" mergedindex="cp">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="485">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="486">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="512" mergedindex="cp">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="487">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="488">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="487">theorem-like environment</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="488">environment, theorem-like</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="489">theorem-like environment</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="490">environment, theorem-like</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -10434,9 +10497,9 @@
<node name="_005cnewfont" spaces=" "><nodename>\newfont</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\protect</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newfont</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="511" mergedindex="cp">\newfont</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="489">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="490">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="513" mergedindex="cp">\newfont</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="491">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="492">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c @findex .fd @r{file} -->
<para>This command is obsolete. This description is here only to help with old
@@ -10457,8 +10520,8 @@
The control sequence must not already be defined. It must begin with a
backslash, <code>\</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="491">at clause, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="492">design size, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="493">at clause, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="494">design size, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <var>font description</var> consists of a <var>fontname</var> and an optional
<dfn>at clause</dfn>. &latex; will look on your system for a file named
<file><var>fontname</var>.tfm</file>. The at clause can have the form either
@@ -10482,9 +10545,9 @@
<node name="_005cprotect" spaces=" "><nodename>\protect</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newfont</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\protect</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="512" mergedindex="cp">\protect</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="493">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="494">robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="514" mergedindex="cp">\protect</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="495">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="496">robust commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>All &latex; commands are either <dfn>fragile</dfn> or <dfn>robust</dfn>. A
fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to certain
@@ -10502,7 +10565,7 @@
document such as in the table of contents. Any argument that is
internally expanded by &latex; without typesetting it directly is
referred to as a
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="495">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="497">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>moving argument</dfn>. A command is fragile if it can
expand during this process into invalid &tex; code. Some examples of
moving arguments are those that appear in the <code>\caption{...}</code>
@@ -10548,10 +10611,10 @@
<node name="_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend" spaces=" "><nodename>\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">xspace package</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\protect</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="513" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespaces</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="514" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespacesafterend</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="496">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="497">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="515" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespaces</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="516" mergedindex="cp">\ignorespacesafterend</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="498">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="499">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10645,9 +10708,9 @@
<node name="xspace-package" spaces=" "><nodename>xspace package</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>xspace package</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="515" mergedindex="cp">\xspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="498">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="499">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="517" mergedindex="cp">\xspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="500">spaces, ignore around commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="501">commands, ignore spaces</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10707,8 +10770,8 @@
<node name="Counters" spaces=" "><nodename>Counters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Definitions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Counters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="500">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="501">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="502">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="503">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with
it. The name of the counter is often the same as the name of the
@@ -10720,6 +10783,23 @@
<para>Below is a list of the counters used in &latex;&textrsquo;s standard document
classes to control numbering.
</para>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="518" mergedindex="cp">part counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="519" mergedindex="cp">chapter counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="520" mergedindex="cp">section counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="521" mergedindex="cp">subsection counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="522" mergedindex="cp">subsubsection counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="523" mergedindex="cp">paragraph counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="524" mergedindex="cp">subparagraph counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="525" mergedindex="cp">page counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="526" mergedindex="cp">equation counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="527" mergedindex="cp">figure counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="528" mergedindex="cp">table counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="529" mergedindex="cp">footnote counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="530" mergedindex="cp">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="531" mergedindex="cp">enumi counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="532" mergedindex="cp">enumii counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="533" mergedindex="cp">enumiii counter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="534" mergedindex="cp">enumiv counter</indexterm></findex>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">part paragraph figure enumi
chapter subparagraph table enumii
@@ -10753,7 +10833,7 @@
<node name="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" spaces=" "><nodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usecounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="502">counters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="504">counters, printing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Print the value of a counter, in a specified style. For instance, if
the counter <var>counter</var> has the value 1 then a
@@ -10765,30 +10845,30 @@
start with a backslash.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="516" mergedindex="cp">\alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="535" mergedindex="cp">\alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print the value of <var>counter</var> in lowercase letters: &textlsquo;a&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;b&textrsquo;,
&enddots; If the counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 or more than 26 then
you get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter too large.</samp>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="517" mergedindex="cp">\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="536" mergedindex="cp">\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Alph{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in uppercase letters: &textlsquo;A&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;B&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the counter&textrsquo;s value
is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter
too large.</samp>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="518" mergedindex="cp">\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="537" mergedindex="cp">\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in Arabic numbers such as <samp>5</samp> or <samp>-2</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="519" mergedindex="cp">\roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="538" mergedindex="cp">\roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in lowercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;i&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;ii&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the
counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
&latex; does not print anything in the output.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="520" mergedindex="cp">\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="539" mergedindex="cp">\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\Roman{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Print in uppercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;I&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;II&textrsquo;, &enddots; If the
counter&textrsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
&latex; does not print anything in the output.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="521" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="540" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</indexterm>\fnsymbol{<var>counter</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Prints the value of <var>counter</var> using a sequence of nine symbols that
are traditionally used for labeling footnotes. The value of
<var>counter</var> should be between 1 and 9, inclusive. If the
@@ -10829,9 +10909,9 @@
<node name="_005cusecounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\usecounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\value</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usecounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="522" mergedindex="cp">\usecounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="503">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="504">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="541" mergedindex="cp">\usecounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="505">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="506">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10866,8 +10946,8 @@
<node name="_005cvalue" spaces=" "><nodename>\value</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\usecounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\value</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="523" mergedindex="cp">\value</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="505">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="542" mergedindex="cp">\value</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="507">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10910,9 +10990,9 @@
<node name="_005csetcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\setcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\value</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="524" mergedindex="cp">\setcounter</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="506">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="507">setting counters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="543" mergedindex="cp">\setcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="508">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="509">setting counters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10938,7 +11018,7 @@
<node name="_005caddtocounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtocounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="525" mergedindex="cp">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="544" mergedindex="cp">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10962,7 +11042,7 @@
<node name="_005crefstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\refstepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\refstepcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="526" mergedindex="cp">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="545" mergedindex="cp">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -10986,7 +11066,7 @@
<node name="_005cstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\stepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\day & \month & \year</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stepcounter</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="527" mergedindex="cp">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="546" mergedindex="cp">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11008,15 +11088,15 @@
<node name="_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear" spaces=" "><nodename>\day & \month & \year</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\day</code> & <code>\month</code> & <code>\year</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="528" mergedindex="cp">\day</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="529" mergedindex="cp">\month</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="530" mergedindex="cp">\year</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="547" mergedindex="cp">\day</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="548" mergedindex="cp">\month</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="549" mergedindex="cp">\year</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex; defines the counter <code>\day</code> for the day of the month
(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <code>\month</code> for the month of
-the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and year <code>\year</code>.
-When &tex; starts up, they are set from the current values on the
-system. The related command <code>\today</code> produces a string
+the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and <code>\year</code> for
+the year. When &tex; starts up, they are set from the current values
+on the system. The related command <code>\today</code> produces a string
representing the current day (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>They counters are not updated as the job progresses so in principle they
@@ -11031,22 +11111,24 @@
<para>gives no error or warning and results in the output <samp>-2, -4</samp> (the
bogus month value produces no output).
</para>
-
+<para><xref label="Command-line-input"><xrefnodename>Command line input</xrefnodename></xref>, to force the date to a given valye from the
+command line.
+</para>
</section>
</chapter>
<node name="Lengths" spaces=" "><nodename>Lengths</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Counters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Lengths</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="508">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="510">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A <dfn>length</dfn> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a
length as an argument.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="509">rigid lengths</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="510">rubber lengths</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="511">dimen <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="512">skip <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="513">glue <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="511">rigid lengths</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="512">rubber lengths</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="513">dimen <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="514">skip <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="515">glue <r>plain &tex;</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Lengths come in two types. A <dfn>rigid length</dfn> such as <code>10pt</code>
does not contain a <code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component. (Plain
&tex; calls this a <dfn>dimen</dfn>.) A <dfn>rubber length</dfn> (what plain
@@ -11175,76 +11257,76 @@
<node name="Units-of-length" spaces=" "><nodename>Units of length</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setlength</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Units of length</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="514">units, of length</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="516">units, of length</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex; and &latex; know about these units both inside and outside of
math mode.
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">pt </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="531" mergedindex="cp">pt</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="515">point</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="550" mergedindex="cp">pt</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="517">point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-pt">units of length pt</anchor>
<para>Point, 1/72.27 inch. The conversion to metric units
is 1<dmn>point</dmn> = 2.845<dmn>mm</dmn> = .2845<dmn>cm</dmn>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">pc</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="516">pica</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="532" mergedindex="cp">pc</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="518">pica</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="551" mergedindex="cp">pc</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-pc">units of length pc</anchor>
<para>Pica, 12 pt
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">in </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="533" mergedindex="cp">in</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="534" mergedindex="cp">inch</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="552" mergedindex="cp">in</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="553" mergedindex="cp">inch</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-in">units of length in</anchor>
<para>Inch, 72.27 pt
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">bp </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="535" mergedindex="cp">bp</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="517">big point</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="554" mergedindex="cp">bp</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="519">big point</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-bp">units of length bp</anchor>
<para>Big point, 1/72 inch. This length is the definition of a point in
PostScript and many desktop publishing systems.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">cm </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="518">centimeter</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="536" mergedindex="cp">cm</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="520">centimeter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="555" mergedindex="cp">cm</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-cm">units of length cm</anchor>
<para>Centimeter
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">mm </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="519">millimeter</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="537" mergedindex="cp">mm</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="521">millimeter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="556" mergedindex="cp">mm</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-mm">units of length mm</anchor>
<para>Millimeter
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">dd </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="520">didot point</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="538" mergedindex="cp">dd</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="522">didot point</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="557" mergedindex="cp">dd</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-dd">units of length dd</anchor>
<para>Didot point, 1.07 pt
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">cc </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="521">cicero</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="539" mergedindex="cp">cc</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="523">cicero</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="558" mergedindex="cp">cc</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-cc">units of length cc</anchor>
<para>Cicero, 12 dd
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">sp </itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="522">scaled point</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="540" mergedindex="cp">sp</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="524">scaled point</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="559" mergedindex="cp">sp</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="units-of-length-sp">units of length sp</anchor>
<para>Scaled point, 1/65536 pt
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="523">ex</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="524">x-height</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="541" mergedindex="cp">ex</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="525">m-width</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="526">em</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="542" mergedindex="cp">em</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="525">ex</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="526">x-height</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="560" mergedindex="cp">ex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="527">m-width</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="528">em</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="561" mergedindex="cp">em</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="Lengths_002fem">Lengths/em</anchor>
<anchor name="Lengths_002fen">Lengths/en</anchor>
<anchor name="Lengths_002fex">Lengths/ex</anchor>
@@ -11263,8 +11345,8 @@
likely to still be reasonable if the font is changed than a definition
given in points.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="527">mu, math unit</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="543" mergedindex="cp">mu</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="529">mu, math unit</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="562" mergedindex="cp">mu</indexterm></findex>
<para>In math mode, many definitions are expressed in terms of the math unit
<dfn>mu</dfn> given by 1 em = 18 mu, where the em is taken from the current
math symbols family. <xref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></xref>.
@@ -11274,20 +11356,21 @@
<node name="_005csetlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\setlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtolength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Units of length</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setlength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="544" mergedindex="cp">\setlength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="528">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="563" mergedindex="cp">\setlength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="530">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{<var>len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Set the length <var>len</var> to <var>amount</var>. The length name <var>len</var>
-must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>. The <code>amount</code> can be a
-rubber length (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It can be positive, negative or zero,
-and can be in any units that &latex; understands (<pxref label="Units-of-length"><xrefnodename>Units of
-length</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>Set the length \<var>len</var> to <var>amount</var>. The length name
+<code>\<var>len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control
+sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under
+normal circumstances. The <var>amount</var> can be a rubber length
+(<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that &latex; understands (<pxref label="Units-of-length"><xrefnodename>Units of length</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>Below, with &latex;&textrsquo;s defaults the first paragraph will be indented
while the second will not.
@@ -11299,8 +11382,8 @@
He said stop going to those places.
</pre></example>
-<para>If you did not declare <var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, for example if
-you mistype the above as
+<para>If you did not declare \<var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
<code>\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
then you get an error like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
\sepcindent</samp>. If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name
@@ -11312,20 +11395,21 @@
<node name="_005caddtolength" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtolength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settodepth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtolength</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="545" mergedindex="cp">\addtolength</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="529">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="564" mergedindex="cp">\addtolength</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="531">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\addtolength{<var>len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\addtolength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Increment the length <var>len</var> by <var>amount</var>. The length name
-<var>len</var> begins with a backslash, <code>\</code>. The <code>amount</code> is a
-rubber length (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It can be positive, negative or zero,
-and can be in any units that &latex; understands (<pxref label="Units-of-length"><xrefnodename>Units of
-length</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>Increment the length \<var>len</var> by <var>amount</var>. The length name
+<code>\<var>len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control
+sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under
+normal circumstances. The <var>amount</var> is a rubber length
+(<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that &latex; understands (<pxref label="Units-of-length"><xrefnodename>Units of length</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>Below, if <code>\parskip</code> starts with the value <code>0pt plus 1pt</code>
</para>
@@ -11339,32 +11423,36 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>then it has the value <code>1pt plus 1pt</code> for the second paragraph.
</para>
-<para>If you did not declare the length <var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, if
-for example you mistype the above as
+<para>If you did not declare \<var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
+<code>\newlength{\specparindent}\addtolength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
+then you get an error like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
+\sepcindent</samp>. If the <var>amount</var> uses some length that has not been
+declared, for instance if for example you mistype the above as
<code>\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}</code>, then you get
something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent</samp>.
-If you leave off the backslash at the start of <var>len</var>, as in
+If you leave off the backslash at the start of \<var>len</var>, as in
<code>\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}</code>, then you get something like
<samp>You can't use `the letter p' after \advance</samp>.
</para>
-
</section>
<node name="_005csettodepth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settodepth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settoheight</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtolength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settodepth</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="546" mergedindex="cp">\settodepth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="565" mergedindex="cp">\settodepth</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\settodepth{<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\settodepth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Set the length <var>len</var> to the depth of box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <var>text</var> argument. The length name <var>len</var> must
-begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>.
+<para>Set the length \<var>len</var> to the depth of box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <var>text</var> argument. The length name <code>\<var>len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This will show how low the character descenders go.
+<para>This will print how low the character descenders go.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{\alphabetdepth}
@@ -11372,10 +11460,10 @@
\the\alphabetdepth
</pre></example>
-<para>If you did not set aside the length <var>len</var>, if for example you
+<para>If you did not declare \<var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, if for example you
mistype the above as <code>\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}</code>,
then you get something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
-\aplhabetdepth</samp>. If you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in
+\aplhabetdepth</samp>. If you leave the backslash out of \<var>len</var>, as in
<code>\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}</code> then you get something like
<samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>.
</para>
@@ -11384,19 +11472,20 @@
<node name="_005csettoheight" spaces=" "><nodename>\settoheight</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settowidth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settodepth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settoheight</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="547" mergedindex="cp">\settoheight</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="566" mergedindex="cp">\settoheight</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\settoheight{<var>len</var>}{text}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\settoheight{\<var>len</var>}{text}
</pre></example>
-<para>Sets the length <var>len</var> to the height of box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <code>text</code> argument. The length name <var>len</var> must
-begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>.
+<para>Sets the length \<var>len</var> to the height of box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <code>text</code> argument. The length name <code>\<var>len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This will show how high the characters go.
+<para>This will print how high the characters go.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{\alphabetheight}
@@ -11404,11 +11493,11 @@
\the\alphabetheight
</pre></example>
-<para>If no such length <var>len</var> has been declared with <code>\newlength</code>, if
+<para>If no such length \<var>len</var> has been declared with <code>\newlength</code>, if
for example you mistype as
<code>\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetheight</samp>. If
-you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in
+you leave the backslash out of \<var>len</var>, as in
<code>\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}</code> then you get something like
<samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>.
</para>
@@ -11417,19 +11506,20 @@
<node name="_005csettowidth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settowidth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stretch</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settoheight</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settowidth</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="548" mergedindex="cp">\settowidth</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="567" mergedindex="cp">\settowidth</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\settowidth{<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Set the length <var>len</var> to the width of the box that &latex; gets on
-typesetting the <var>text</var> argument. The length name <var>len</var> must
-begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>.
+<para>Set the length \<var>len</var> to the width of the box that &latex; gets on
+typesetting the <var>text</var> argument. The length name <code>\<var>len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (<pxref label="Control-sequences"><xrefnodename>Control sequences</xrefnodename></pxref>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code>\</code> under normal circumstances.
</para>
-<para>This measures the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
+<para>This prints the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{\alphabetwidth}
@@ -11437,10 +11527,11 @@
\the\alphabetwidth
</pre></example>
-<para>If no such length <var>len</var> has been set aside, if for example you
-mistype the above as <code>\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</code>,
-then you get something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument>
-\aplhabetwidth</samp>. If you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in
+<para>If no such length \<var>len</var> has been declared with <code>\newlength</code>,
+if for example you mistype the above as
+<code>\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
+like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \aplhabetwidth</samp>. If
+you leave the backslash out of \<var>len</var>, as in
<code>\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}</code> then you get something like
<samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>.
</para>
@@ -11449,7 +11540,7 @@
<node name="_005cstretch" spaces=" "><nodename>\stretch</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Expressions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settowidth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stretch</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="549" mergedindex="cp">\stretch</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="568" mergedindex="cp">\stretch</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11496,7 +11587,7 @@
<node name="Expressions" spaces=" "><nodename>Expressions</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stretch</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Expressions</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="550" mergedindex="cp">expressions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="569" mergedindex="cp">expressions</indexterm></findex>
<!-- c Much from Joseph Wright's https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/245663/339 -->
<para>Synopsis, one of:
@@ -11607,12 +11698,12 @@
<node name="Making-paragraphs" spaces=" "><nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math formulas</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Lengths</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Making paragraphs</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="530">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="531">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="532">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="533">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
<para>To start a paragraph, just type some text. To end the current
-paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, separated by
-two empty lines.
+paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, the
+separatation of which is made by two empty lines.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
@@ -11627,15 +11718,35 @@
``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
</pre></example>
-<para>The separator lines must be empty, including not containing a comment
-character, <code>%</code>.
+<para>The paragraph separator can be made of any sequence of at least one
+blank line, amongst which at least one is not terminated by a comment. A
+blank line is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such
+as space or tab. Comments in source code are started with a <code>%</code> and
+span up to the end of line. In the following example the two columns are
+identical:
</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+\begin{document}
+First paragraph.
+
+Second paragraph.
+\newpage
+First paragraph.
+
+ % separator lines may contain blank characters.
+
+Second paragraph.
+\end{document}
+</pre></example>
+
+
<para>Once &latex; has gathered all of a paragraph&textrsquo;s contents it divides that
content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
(<pxref label="Line-breaking"><xrefnodename>Line breaking</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don&textrsquo;t put a
-blank line in math mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>); here the line before the
+blank line in math mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>); here the blank line before the
<code>\end{equation}</code>
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -11647,7 +11758,7 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>will get you the error <samp>Missing $ inserted</samp>. Similarly, the blank
-line in this <code>section</code> argument
+line in this <code>\section</code> argument
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\section{aaa
@@ -11671,11 +11782,11 @@
<node name="_005cpar" spaces=" "><nodename>\par</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\indent & \noindent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\par</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="551" mergedindex="cp">\par</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="532">paragraph, ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="570" mergedindex="cp">\par</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="534">paragraph, ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts two
-consecutive newlines to a <code>\par</code>):
+<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts any sequence
+of one or more blank lines to a <code>\par</code>, <ref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making paragraphs</xrefnodename></ref>):
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\par
@@ -11693,18 +11804,18 @@
\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
</pre></example>
-<para>In LR mode or a vertical mode the <code>\par</code> command does nothing but
-it terminates paragraph mode, switching &latex; to vertical mode
-(<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>In LR mode the <code>\par</code> command does nothing and is ignored. In
+pragraph mode, the <code>\par</code> command terminates paragraph mode,
+switching &latex; to vertical mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>You cannot use the <code>\par</code> command in a math mode. You also cannot
-use it in the argument of many commands, such as the <code>\section</code>
-command (<pxref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making paragraphs</xrefnodename></pxref> and <ref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand &
-\renewcommand</xrefnodename></ref>).
+use it in the argument of many commands, such as the sectionning
+commands, e.g.&noeos; <code>\section</code> (<pxref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making paragraphs</xrefnodename></pxref> and
+<ref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></ref>).
</para>
<para>The <code>\par</code> command is not the same as the <code>\paragraph</code>
command. The latter is, like <code>\section</code> or <code>\subsection</code>, a
-sectioning unit used by the standard &latex; documents
+sectioning command used by the &latex; document standard classes
(<pxref label="_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"><xrefnodename>\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>The <code>\par</code> command is not the same as <code>\newline</code> or the line
@@ -11736,10 +11847,10 @@
<node name="_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" spaces=" "><nodename>\indent & \noindent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parindent & \parskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\par</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\indent</code> & <code>\noindent</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="552" mergedindex="cp">\indent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="553" mergedindex="cp">\noindent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="554" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="533">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="571" mergedindex="cp">\indent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="572" mergedindex="cp">\noindent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="573" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="535">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11792,8 +11903,8 @@
you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
<code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent & \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="534"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="535"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="536"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="537"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Default &latex; styles have the first paragraph after a section that is
not indented, as is traditional typesetting in English. To change that,
@@ -11804,11 +11915,11 @@
<node name="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" spaces=" "><nodename>\parindent & \parskip</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Marginal notes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\indent & \noindent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parindent</code> & <code>\parskip</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="555" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="556" mergedindex="cp">\parskip</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="536">paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="537">horizontal paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="538">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="574" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="575" mergedindex="cp">\parskip</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="538">paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="539">horizontal paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="540">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -11850,10 +11961,10 @@
<node name="Marginal-notes" spaces=" "><nodename>Marginal notes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\parindent & \parskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Marginal notes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="539">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="540">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="541">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="557" mergedindex="cp">\marginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="541">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="542">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="543">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="576" mergedindex="cp">\marginpar</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -11874,8 +11985,8 @@
outside margin. If you are in two-column layout (document option
<code>twocolumn</code>) then it goes in the nearest margin.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="558" mergedindex="cp">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="559" mergedindex="cp">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="577" mergedindex="cp">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="578" mergedindex="cp">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex>
<para>If you declare <code>\reversemarginpar</code> then &latex; will place
subsequent marginal notes in the opposite margin to that given in the
prior paragraph. Revert that to the default position with
@@ -11892,18 +12003,18 @@
<para>These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="560" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="579" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparpush">marginal notes marginparpush</anchor>
<para>Minimum vertical space between notes; default <samp>7pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>
documents, <samp>5pt</samp> else. See also <ref label="page-layout-parameters-marginparpush"><xrefnodename>page layout parameters
marginparpush</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="561" mergedindex="cp">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="580" mergedindex="cp">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparsep">marginal notes marginparsep</anchor>
<para>Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
<samp>11pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp> documents, <samp>10pt</samp> else.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="562" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="581" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="marginal-notes-marginparwidth">marginal notes marginparwidth</anchor>
<para>Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided <samp>10pt</samp> document
is <samp>90pt</samp>, <samp>83pt</samp> for <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>68pt</samp> for
@@ -11924,17 +12035,17 @@
<node name="Math-formulas" spaces=" "><nodename>Math formulas</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Modes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math formulas</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="542">math formulas</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="543">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="563" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="564" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">math formulas</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="582" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="583" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="565" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="566" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="584" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="585" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="567" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="568" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="586" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="587" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Produce mathematical text by putting &latex; into math mode or display
@@ -12008,44 +12119,15 @@
\end{displaymath}</code>. These environments can only be used in paragraph
mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="569" mergedindex="cp">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex>
-<para>The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
-One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
-math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together.
-</para>
-<para>Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode. For this, the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
-<code>displaymath</code>. Thus <code>\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty
-x_n\)</code> will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it. Another example is that
-</para>
-<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
- \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
- Arithmetic &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
- &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}\) \\
- Geometric &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1} \)
- &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}\) \\
-\end{tabular}
-</pre></example>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<noindent></noindent>
-<para>because it has no <code>\displaystyle</code>, the <samp>Arithmetic</samp> line&textrsquo;s
-fraction will be scrunched. But, because of its <code>\displaystyle</code>,
-the <samp>Geometric</samp> line&textrsquo;s fraction will be easy to read, with
-characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
-</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-
<para>The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
<file>amsmath</file> and <file>amssymb</file> (also be aware of the <file>mathtools</file>
@@ -12055,12 +12137,13 @@
see their documentation on CTAN.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
-<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponent or index.
+<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponents or indices.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various mathematical squiggles.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math functions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math function names like sin and exp.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Accents in math.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Over- and Underlining</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Things over or under formulas.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Spacing in math mode</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Determine the size of things.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math miscellany</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stuff that doesn&textrsquo;t fit anywhere else.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
@@ -12068,11 +12151,11 @@
<node name="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" spaces=" "><nodename>Subscripts & superscripts</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math symbols</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Subscripts & superscripts</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551">superscript</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552">subscript</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="570" mergedindex="cp">^ <r>superscript</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="571" mergedindex="cp">_ <r>subscript</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">exponent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">superscript</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554">subscript</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="588" mergedindex="cp">^ <r>superscript</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="589" mergedindex="cp">_ <r>subscript</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555">exponent</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (in math mode or display math mode), one of:
</para>
@@ -12143,8 +12226,8 @@
display math mode, as in <code>the expression x^2</code>, will get you
the error <samp>Missing $ inserted</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554"><r>package</r>, <code>mhchem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555"><code>mhchem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556"><r>package</r>, <code>mhchem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557"><code>mhchem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that, such as
@@ -12155,12 +12238,12 @@
<node name="Math-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Math symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math functions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Subscripts & superscripts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math symbols</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556">math symbols</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">math symbols</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560">greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559"><r>package</r>, <code>comprehensive</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560"><code>comprehensive</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561"><r>package</r>, <code>comprehensive</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562"><code>comprehensive</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that
@@ -12180,184 +12263,184 @@
<!-- c Useful: http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-math-970515/section6.html -->
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="572" mergedindex="cp">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="590" mergedindex="cp">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2225</U> Parallel (relation). Synonym: <code>\parallel</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="573" mergedindex="cp">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="591" mergedindex="cp">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2135</U> Aleph, transfinite cardinal (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="574" mergedindex="cp">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="592" mergedindex="cp">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B1</U> Lowercase Greek letter alpha (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="575" mergedindex="cp">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="593" mergedindex="cp">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A3F</U> Disjoint union (binary)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="576" mergedindex="cp">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="594" mergedindex="cp">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2220</U> Geometric angle (ordinary). Similar: less-than
sign <code><</code> and angle bracket <code>\langle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="577" mergedindex="cp">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="595" mergedindex="cp">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2248</U> Almost equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="578" mergedindex="cp">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="596" mergedindex="cp">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2217</U> Asterisk operator, convolution, six-pointed
(binary). Synonym: <code>*</code>, which is often a superscript or
subscript, as in the Kleene star. Similar: <code>\star</code>, which is
five-pointed, and is sometimes used as a general binary operation, and
sometimes reserved for cross-correlation.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="579" mergedindex="cp">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="597" mergedindex="cp">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>224D</U> Asymptotically equivalent (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="580" mergedindex="cp">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="598" mergedindex="cp">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>\ Backslash (ordinary). Similar: set minus <code>\setminus</code>, and
<code>\textbackslash</code> for backslash outside of math mode.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="581" mergedindex="cp">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="599" mergedindex="cp">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B2</U> Lowercase Greek letter beta (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="582" mergedindex="cp">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="600" mergedindex="cp">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C2</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, intersection (operator). Similar:
binary intersection <code>\cap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="583" mergedindex="cp">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="601" mergedindex="cp">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>26AA</U> Circle, larger (binary). Similar: function
composition <code>\circ</code>.
<!-- c bb Best unicode symbol for this? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="584" mergedindex="cp">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="602" mergedindex="cp">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C3</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, union (operator). Similar: binary
union <code>\cup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="585" mergedindex="cp">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="603" mergedindex="cp">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A00</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled dot operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="586" mergedindex="cp">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="604" mergedindex="cp">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A01</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled plus operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="587" mergedindex="cp">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="605" mergedindex="cp">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A02</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled times operator (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="588" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="606" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25BD</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle pointing down
(operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="589" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="607" mergedindex="cp">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B3</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle pointing up (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="590" mergedindex="cp">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="608" mergedindex="cp">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A06</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, square union (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="591" mergedindex="cp">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="609" mergedindex="cp">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A04</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, union operator with a plus
(operator). (Note that the name has only one p.)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="592" mergedindex="cp">\bigvee</indexterm>\bigvee</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="610" mergedindex="cp">\bigvee</indexterm>\bigvee</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C1</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-or (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="593" mergedindex="cp">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="611" mergedindex="cp">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C0</U> Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-and (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="594" mergedindex="cp">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="612" mergedindex="cp">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A5</U>, Up tack, bottom, least element of a partially ordered
set, or a contradiction (ordinary). See also <code>\top</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="595" mergedindex="cp">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="613" mergedindex="cp">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C8</U> Natural join of two relations (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="596" mergedindex="cp">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="614" mergedindex="cp">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25A1</U> Modal operator for necessity; square open box
(ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
<!-- c bb Best Unicode equivalent? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="597" mergedindex="cp">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="615" mergedindex="cp">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2022</U> Bullet (binary). Similar: multiplication
dot <code>\cdot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="598" mergedindex="cp">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="616" mergedindex="cp">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2229</U> Intersection of two sets (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigcap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="599" mergedindex="cp">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="617" mergedindex="cp">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C5</U> Multiplication (binary). Similar: Bullet
dot <code>\bullet</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="600" mergedindex="cp">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="618" mergedindex="cp">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C7</U> Lowercase Greek chi (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="601" mergedindex="cp">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="619" mergedindex="cp">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2218</U> Function composition, ring operator (binary). Similar:
variable-sized operator <code>\bigcirc</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="602" mergedindex="cp">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="620" mergedindex="cp">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2663</U> Club card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="603" mergedindex="cp">\complement</indexterm>\complement</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="621" mergedindex="cp">\complement</indexterm>\complement</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2201</U>, Set complement, used as a superscript as in
<code>$S^\complement$</code> (ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package. Also used:
<code>$S^{\mathsf{c}}$</code> or <code>$\bar{S}$</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="604" mergedindex="cp">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="622" mergedindex="cp">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2245</U> Congruent (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="605" mergedindex="cp">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="623" mergedindex="cp">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2210</U> Coproduct (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="606" mergedindex="cp">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="624" mergedindex="cp">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222A</U> Union of two sets (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigcup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="607" mergedindex="cp">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="625" mergedindex="cp">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2020</U> Dagger relation (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="608" mergedindex="cp">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="626" mergedindex="cp">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A3</U> Dash with vertical, reversed turnstile (relation). Similar:
turnstile <code>\vdash</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="609" mergedindex="cp">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="627" mergedindex="cp">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2021</U> Double dagger relation (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="610" mergedindex="cp">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="628" mergedindex="cp">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>0394</U> Greek uppercase delta, used for increment (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="611" mergedindex="cp">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="629" mergedindex="cp">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B4</U> Greek lowercase delta (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="612" mergedindex="cp">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="630" mergedindex="cp">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C7</U> Large diamond operator (ordinary). Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="613" mergedindex="cp">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="631" mergedindex="cp">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C4</U> Diamond operator (binary). Similar: large
diamond <code>\Diamond</code>, circle bullet <code>\bullet</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="614" mergedindex="cp">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="632" mergedindex="cp">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2662</U> Diamond card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="615" mergedindex="cp">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="633" mergedindex="cp">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00F7</U> Division sign (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="616" mergedindex="cp">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="634" mergedindex="cp">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2250</U> Approaches the limit (relation). Similar: geometrically equal
to <code>\Doteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="617" mergedindex="cp">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="635" mergedindex="cp">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2193</U> Down arrow, converges (relation). Similar:
<code>\Downarrow</code> double line down arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="618" mergedindex="cp">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="636" mergedindex="cp">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D3</U> Double line down arrow (relation). Similar:
<code>\downarrow</code> single line down arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="619" mergedindex="cp">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="637" mergedindex="cp">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2113</U> Lowercase cursive letter l (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="620" mergedindex="cp">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="638" mergedindex="cp">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2205</U> Empty set symbol (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varnothing</code>.
<!-- c bb Why Unicode has \revemptyset but no \emptyset? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="621" mergedindex="cp">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="639" mergedindex="cp">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03F5</U> Lowercase lunate epsilon (ordinary). Similar to
Greek text letter. More widely used in mathematics is the script small
letter epsilon <code>\varepsilon</code> <U>03B5</U>. Related:
@@ -12365,205 +12448,205 @@
<!-- c src: David Carlisle http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/98018/339 and -->
<!-- c Unicode referenced there asserts varepsilon is much more widely used. -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="622" mergedindex="cp">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="640" mergedindex="cp">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2261</U> Equivalence (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="623" mergedindex="cp">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="641" mergedindex="cp">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B7</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="624" mergedindex="cp">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="642" mergedindex="cp">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2203</U> Existential quantifier (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="625" mergedindex="cp">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="643" mergedindex="cp">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266D</U> Musical flat (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="626" mergedindex="cp">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="644" mergedindex="cp">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2200</U> Universal quantifier (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="627" mergedindex="cp">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="645" mergedindex="cp">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2322</U> Downward curving arc (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="628" mergedindex="cp">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="646" mergedindex="cp">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>0393</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="629" mergedindex="cp">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="647" mergedindex="cp">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B3</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="630" mergedindex="cp">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="648" mergedindex="cp">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2265</U> Greater than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\geq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="631" mergedindex="cp">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="649" mergedindex="cp">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2265</U> Greater than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\ge</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="632" mergedindex="cp">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="650" mergedindex="cp">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2190</U> Is assigned the value (relation).
Synonym: <code>\leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="633" mergedindex="cp">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="651" mergedindex="cp">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>226B</U> Much greater than (relation). Similar: much less
than <code>\ll</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="634" mergedindex="cp">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="652" mergedindex="cp">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>210F</U> Planck constant over two pi (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="635" mergedindex="cp">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="653" mergedindex="cp">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2661</U> Heart card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="636" mergedindex="cp">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="654" mergedindex="cp">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21A9</U> Hooked left arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="637" mergedindex="cp">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="655" mergedindex="cp">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21AA</U> Hooked right arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="638" mergedindex="cp">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="656" mergedindex="cp">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F7</U> If and only if (relation). It is <code>\Longleftrightarrow</code>
with a <code>\thickmuskip</code> on either side.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="639" mergedindex="cp">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="657" mergedindex="cp">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2111</U> Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part <code>\Re</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="640" mergedindex="cp">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="658" mergedindex="cp">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="641" mergedindex="cp">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="659" mergedindex="cp">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2208</U> Set element (relation). See also: lowercase lunate
epsilon <code>\epsilon</code><U>03F5</U> and small letter script
epsilon <code>\varepsilon</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="642" mergedindex="cp">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="660" mergedindex="cp">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221E</U> Infinity (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="643" mergedindex="cp">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="661" mergedindex="cp">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222B</U> Integral (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="644" mergedindex="cp">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="662" mergedindex="cp">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B9</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="645" mergedindex="cp">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="663" mergedindex="cp">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2A1D</U> Condensed bowtie symbol (relation). Not available in Plain
&tex;.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="646" mergedindex="cp">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="664" mergedindex="cp">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="647" mergedindex="cp">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="665" mergedindex="cp">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BA</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="648" mergedindex="cp">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="666" mergedindex="cp">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>039B</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="649" mergedindex="cp">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="667" mergedindex="cp">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BB</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="650" mergedindex="cp">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="668" mergedindex="cp">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2227</U> Logical and (binary). Synonym: <code>\wedge</code>.
See also logical or <code>\lor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="651" mergedindex="cp">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="669" mergedindex="cp">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27E8</U> Left angle, or sequence, bracket (opening). Similar:
less-than <code><</code>. Matches <code>\rangle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="652" mergedindex="cp">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="670" mergedindex="cp">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007B</U> Left curly brace
(opening). Synonym: <code>\{</code>. Matches <code>\rbrace</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="653" mergedindex="cp">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="671" mergedindex="cp">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>005B</U> Left square bracket (opening).
Synonym: <code>[</code>. Matches <code>\rbrack</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="654" mergedindex="cp">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="672" mergedindex="cp">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2308</U> Left ceiling bracket, like a square bracket but with the bottom
shaved off (opening). Matches <code>\rceil</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="655" mergedindex="cp">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="673" mergedindex="cp">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2264</U> Less than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="656" mergedindex="cp">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="674" mergedindex="cp">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21DD</U> Squiggly right arrow (relation).
To get this symbol outside of math mode you can put
<code>\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}</code> in the
preamble and then use <code>\Leadsto</code> instead.
<!-- c bb Best Unicode equivalent? -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="657" mergedindex="cp">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="675" mergedindex="cp">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D0</U> Is implied by, double-line left arrow (relation). Similar:
single-line left arrow <code>\leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="658" mergedindex="cp">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="676" mergedindex="cp">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2190</U> Single-line left arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\gets</code>. Similar: double-line left
arrow <code>\Leftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="659" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="677" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BD</U> Single-line left harpoon, barb under bar (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="660" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="678" mergedindex="cp">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BC</U> Single-line left harpoon, barb over bar (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="661" mergedindex="cp">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="679" mergedindex="cp">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D4</U> Bi-implication; double-line double-headed arrow (relation).
Similar: single-line double headed arrow <code>\leftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="662" mergedindex="cp">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="680" mergedindex="cp">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2194</U> Single-line double-headed arrow (relation). Similar:
double-line double headed arrow <code>\Leftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="663" mergedindex="cp">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="681" mergedindex="cp">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2264</U> Less than or equal to (relation). This is a synonym
for <code>\le</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="664" mergedindex="cp">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="682" mergedindex="cp">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>230A</U> Left floor bracket (opening). Matches: <code>\floor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="665" mergedindex="cp">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="683" mergedindex="cp">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary).
For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
<file>amssymb</file> and use <code>\vartriangleleft</code> (which is a relation
and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="666" mergedindex="cp">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="684" mergedindex="cp">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>226A</U> Much less than (relation). Similar: much greater
than <code>\gg</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="667" mergedindex="cp">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="685" mergedindex="cp">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00AC</U> Logical negation (ordinary). Synonym: <code>\neg</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="668" mergedindex="cp">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="686" mergedindex="cp">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F5</U> Long single-line left arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line left arrow <code>\Longleftarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="669" mergedindex="cp">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="687" mergedindex="cp">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F7</U> Long single-line double-headed arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line double-headed arrow <code>\Longleftrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="670" mergedindex="cp">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="688" mergedindex="cp">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27FC</U> Long single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
(relation). Similar: shorter version <code>\mapsto</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="671" mergedindex="cp">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="689" mergedindex="cp">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27F6</U> Long single-line right arrow (relation). Similar: long
double-line right arrow <code>\Longrightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="672" mergedindex="cp">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="690" mergedindex="cp">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2228</U> Logical or (binary). Synonym: <code>\vee</code>.
See also logical and <code>\land</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="673" mergedindex="cp">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="691" mergedindex="cp">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21A6</U> Single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
(relation).
Similar: longer version <code>\longmapsto</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="674" mergedindex="cp">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="692" mergedindex="cp">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2127</U> Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="675" mergedindex="cp">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="693" mergedindex="cp">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2223</U> Single-line vertical bar (relation). A typical use of
<code>\mid</code> is for a set <code>\{\, x \mid x\geq 5 \,\}</code>.
</para>
@@ -12573,42 +12656,42 @@
ordinals, i.e., footnote symbols. For absolute value, see the entry
for <code>\vert</code> and for norm see the entry for <code>\Vert</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="676" mergedindex="cp">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="694" mergedindex="cp">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A8</U> Entails, or satisfies; double turnstile, short double dash
(relation). Similar: long double dash <code>\vDash</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="677" mergedindex="cp">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="695" mergedindex="cp">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2213</U> Minus or plus (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="678" mergedindex="cp">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="696" mergedindex="cp">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BC</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="679" mergedindex="cp">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="697" mergedindex="cp">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2207</U> Hamilton&textrsquo;s del, or differential, operator (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="680" mergedindex="cp">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="698" mergedindex="cp">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266E</U> Musical natural notation (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="681" mergedindex="cp">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="699" mergedindex="cp">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2260</U> Not equal (relation). Synonym: <code>\neq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="682" mergedindex="cp">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="700" mergedindex="cp">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2197</U> North-east arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="683" mergedindex="cp">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="701" mergedindex="cp">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00AC</U> Logical negation (ordinary).
Synonym: <code>\lnot</code>. Sometimes instead used for
negation: <code>\sim</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="684" mergedindex="cp">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="702" mergedindex="cp">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2260</U> Not equal (relation). Synonym: <code>\ne</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="685" mergedindex="cp">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="703" mergedindex="cp">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220B</U> Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
(relation). Synonym: <code>\owns</code>. Similar: is a member
of <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="686" mergedindex="cp">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="704" mergedindex="cp">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><!-- c the "@ "s put in spaces so the not slash doesn't hit the next char. -->
<para><U>0020</U><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/>Long solidus, or slash, used to overstrike a
following operator (relation).
@@ -12617,85 +12700,85 @@
particularly with the <file>amssymb</file> package. For example, <code>\notin</code>
is typographically preferable to <code>\not\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="687" mergedindex="cp">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="705" mergedindex="cp">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2209</U> Not an element of (relation). Similar: not subset
of <code>\nsubseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="688" mergedindex="cp">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="706" mergedindex="cp">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BD</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="689" mergedindex="cp">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="707" mergedindex="cp">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2196</U> North-west arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="690" mergedindex="cp">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="708" mergedindex="cp">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2299</U> Dot inside a circle (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigodot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="691" mergedindex="cp">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="709" mergedindex="cp">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222E</U> Contour integral, integral with circle in the middle
(operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="692" mergedindex="cp">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="710" mergedindex="cp">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A9</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="693" mergedindex="cp">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="711" mergedindex="cp">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C9</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="694" mergedindex="cp">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="712" mergedindex="cp">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2296</U> Minus sign, or dash, inside a circle (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="695" mergedindex="cp">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="713" mergedindex="cp">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2295</U> Plus sign inside a circle (binary). Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigoplus</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="696" mergedindex="cp">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="714" mergedindex="cp">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2298</U> Solidus, or slash, inside a circle (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="697" mergedindex="cp">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="715" mergedindex="cp">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2297</U> Times sign, or cross, inside a circle (binary). Similar:
variable-sized operator <code>\bigotimes</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="698" mergedindex="cp">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="716" mergedindex="cp">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220B</U> Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
(relation). Synonym: <code>\ni</code>. Similar: is a member
of <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="699" mergedindex="cp">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="717" mergedindex="cp">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2225</U> Parallel (relation). Synonym: <code>\|</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="700" mergedindex="cp">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="718" mergedindex="cp">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2202</U> Partial differential (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="701" mergedindex="cp">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="719" mergedindex="cp">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27C2</U> Perpendicular (relation). Similar: <code>\bot</code> uses the
same glyph but the spacing is different because it is in the class
ordinary.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="702" mergedindex="cp">\Phi</indexterm>\Phi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="720" mergedindex="cp">\Phi</indexterm>\Phi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A6</U> Uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="703" mergedindex="cp">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="721" mergedindex="cp">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D5</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varphi</code> <U>03C6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="704" mergedindex="cp">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="722" mergedindex="cp">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A0</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="705" mergedindex="cp">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="723" mergedindex="cp">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C0</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varpi</code> <U>03D6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="706" mergedindex="cp">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="724" mergedindex="cp">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00B1</U> Plus or minus (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="707" mergedindex="cp">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="725" mergedindex="cp">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>227A</U> Precedes (relation). Similar: less than <code><</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="708" mergedindex="cp">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="726" mergedindex="cp">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2AAF</U> Precedes or equals (relation). Similar: less than or
equals <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="709" mergedindex="cp">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="727" mergedindex="cp">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2032</U> Prime, or minute in a time expression (ordinary).
Typically used as a superscript: <code>$f^\prime$</code>; <code>$f^\prime$</code>
and <code>$f'$</code> produce the same result. An advantage of the second
@@ -12705,334 +12788,334 @@
single quote <code>'</code> in text mode produces a different character
(apostrophe).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="710" mergedindex="cp">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="728" mergedindex="cp">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>220F</U> Product (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="711" mergedindex="cp">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="729" mergedindex="cp">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221D</U> Is proportional to (relation)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="712" mergedindex="cp">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="730" mergedindex="cp">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A8</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="713" mergedindex="cp">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="731" mergedindex="cp">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C8</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="714" mergedindex="cp">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="732" mergedindex="cp">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>27E9</U> Right angle, or sequence, bracket (closing).
Similar: greater than <code>></code>. Matches:<code>\langle</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="715" mergedindex="cp">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="733" mergedindex="cp">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007D</U> Right curly brace
(closing). Synonym: <code>\}</code>. Matches <code>\lbrace</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="716" mergedindex="cp">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="734" mergedindex="cp">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>005D</U> Right square bracket
(closing). Synonym: <code>]</code>. Matches <code>\lbrack</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="717" mergedindex="cp">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="735" mergedindex="cp">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2309</U> Right ceiling bracket (closing). Matches <code>\lceil</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="718" mergedindex="cp">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="736" mergedindex="cp">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>211C</U> Real part, real numbers, cursive capital R (ordinary). Related:
double-line, or blackboard bold, R <code>\mathbb{R}</code>; to access
this, load the <file>amsfonts</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="719" mergedindex="cp">\restriction</indexterm>\restriction</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="737" mergedindex="cp">\restriction</indexterm>\restriction</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BE</U>, Restriction of a function (relation). Synonym:
<code>\upharpoonright</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="720" mergedindex="cp">\revemptyset</indexterm>\revemptyset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="738" mergedindex="cp">\revemptyset</indexterm>\revemptyset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>29B0</U>, Reversed empty set symbol (ordinary). Related:
<code>\varnothing</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>stix</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="721" mergedindex="cp">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="739" mergedindex="cp">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>230B</U> Right floor bracket, a right square bracket with the top cut
off (closing). Matches <code>\lfloor</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="722" mergedindex="cp">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="740" mergedindex="cp">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary).
For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead
load <file>amssymb</file> and use <code>\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="723" mergedindex="cp">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="741" mergedindex="cp">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C1</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varrho</code> <U>03F1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="724" mergedindex="cp">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="742" mergedindex="cp">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D2</U> Implies, right-pointing double line arrow
(relation). Similar: right single-line arrow <code>\rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="725" mergedindex="cp">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="743" mergedindex="cp">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2192</U> Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\to</code>. Similar: right double line
arrow <code>\Rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="726" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="744" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21C1</U> Right-pointing harpoon with barb below
the line (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="727" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="745" mergedindex="cp">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21C0</U> Right-pointing harpoon with barb above the
line (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="728" mergedindex="cp">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="746" mergedindex="cp">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21CC</U> Right harpoon up above left harpoon down
(relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="729" mergedindex="cp">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="747" mergedindex="cp">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2198</U> Arrow pointing southeast (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="730" mergedindex="cp">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="748" mergedindex="cp">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>29F5</U> Set difference, reverse solidus or reverse slash,
like \ (binary). Similar: backslash <code>\backslash</code> and also
<code>\textbackslash</code> outside of math mode.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="731" mergedindex="cp">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="749" mergedindex="cp">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>266F</U> Musical sharp (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="732" mergedindex="cp">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="750" mergedindex="cp">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A3</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="733" mergedindex="cp">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="751" mergedindex="cp">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C3</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\varsigma</code> <U>03C2</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="734" mergedindex="cp">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="752" mergedindex="cp">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>223C</U> Similar, in a relation (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="735" mergedindex="cp">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="753" mergedindex="cp">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2243</U> Similar or equal to, in a relation (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="736" mergedindex="cp">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="754" mergedindex="cp">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>222B</U> Integral sign that does not change to a larger size in a
display (operator).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="737" mergedindex="cp">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="755" mergedindex="cp">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2323</U> Upward curving arc, smile (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="738" mergedindex="cp">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="756" mergedindex="cp">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2660</U> Spade card suit (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="739" mergedindex="cp">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="757" mergedindex="cp">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2293</U> Square intersection symbol (binary). Similar:
intersection <code>cap</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="740" mergedindex="cp">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="758" mergedindex="cp">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2294</U> Square union symbol (binary). Similar:
union <code>cup</code>. Related: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigsqcup</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="741" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="759" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>228F</U>, Square subset symbol (relation). Similar:
subset <code>\subset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="742" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="760" mergedindex="cp">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2291</U> Square subset or equal symbol (binary). Similar: subset or
equal to <code>\subseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="743" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="761" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2290</U>, Square superset symbol (relation). Similar:
superset <code>\supset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="744" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="762" mergedindex="cp">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2292</U> Square superset or equal symbol (binary).
Similar: superset or equal <code>\supseteq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="745" mergedindex="cp">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="763" mergedindex="cp">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22C6</U> Five-pointed star, sometimes used as a general binary
operation but sometimes reserved for cross-correlation (binary).
Similar: the synonyms asterisk <code>*</code> and <code>\ast</code>, which
are six-pointed, and more often appear as a superscript or subscript,
as with the Kleene star.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="746" mergedindex="cp">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="764" mergedindex="cp">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2282</U> Subset (occasionally, is implied by) (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="747" mergedindex="cp">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="765" mergedindex="cp">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2286</U> Subset or equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="748" mergedindex="cp">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="766" mergedindex="cp">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>227B</U> Comes after, succeeds (relation). Similar: is less
than <code>></code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="749" mergedindex="cp">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="767" mergedindex="cp">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2AB0</U> Succeeds or is equal to (relation). Similar: less
than or equal to <code>\leq</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="750" mergedindex="cp">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="768" mergedindex="cp">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2211</U> Summation (operator). Similar: Greek capital
sigma <code>\Sigma</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="751" mergedindex="cp">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="769" mergedindex="cp">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2283</U> Superset (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="752" mergedindex="cp">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="770" mergedindex="cp">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2287</U> Superset or equal to (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="753" mergedindex="cp">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="771" mergedindex="cp">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>221A</U> Radical symbol (ordinary). The &latex; command
<code>\sqrt{...}</code> typesets the square root of the argument, with a bar
that extends to cover the argument.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="754" mergedindex="cp">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="772" mergedindex="cp">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2199</U> Southwest-pointing arrow (relation).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="755" mergedindex="cp">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="773" mergedindex="cp">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C4</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="756" mergedindex="cp">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="774" mergedindex="cp">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B8</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
<code>\vartheta</code> <U>03D1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="757" mergedindex="cp">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="775" mergedindex="cp">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>00D7</U> Primary school multiplication sign (binary). See
also <code>\cdot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="758" mergedindex="cp">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="776" mergedindex="cp">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2192</U> Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
Synonym: <code>\rightarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="759" mergedindex="cp">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="777" mergedindex="cp">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A4</U> Top, greatest element of a partially ordered set
(ordinary). See also <code>\bot</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="760" mergedindex="cp">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="778" mergedindex="cp">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B3</U> Triangle (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="761" mergedindex="cp">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="779" mergedindex="cp">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25C1</U> Not-filled triangle pointing left
(binary). Similar: <code>\lhd</code>. For the normal subgroup symbol you
should load <file>amssymb</file> and use <code>\vartriangleleft</code> (which
is a relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="762" mergedindex="cp">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="780" mergedindex="cp">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>25B7</U> Not-filled triangle pointing right
(binary). For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load
<file>amssymb</file> and use <code>\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
relation and so gives better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="763" mergedindex="cp">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="781" mergedindex="cp">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22B4</U> Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <file>amssymb</file> and
use <code>\vartrianglelefteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="764" mergedindex="cp">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="782" mergedindex="cp">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22B5</U> Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <file>amssymb</file> and
use <code>\vartrianglerighteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="765" mergedindex="cp">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="783" mergedindex="cp">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D1</U> Double-line upward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: single-line up-pointing
arrow <code>\uparrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="766" mergedindex="cp">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="784" mergedindex="cp">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2191</U> Single-line upward-pointing arrow, diverges
(relation). Similar: double-line up-pointing
arrow <code>\Uparrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="767" mergedindex="cp">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="785" mergedindex="cp">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21D5</U> Double-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: single-line upward-and-downward-pointing
arrow <code>\updownarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="768" mergedindex="cp">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="786" mergedindex="cp">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2195</U> Single-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
(relation). Similar: double-line upward-and-downward-pointing
arrow <code>\Updownarrow</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="769" mergedindex="cp">\upharpoonright</indexterm>\upharpoonright</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="787" mergedindex="cp">\upharpoonright</indexterm>\upharpoonright</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>21BE</U>, Up harpoon, with barb on right side
(relation). Synonym: <code>&backslashchar;restriction</code>.
Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="770" mergedindex="cp">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="788" mergedindex="cp">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>228E</U> Multiset union, a union symbol with a plus symbol in
the middle (binary). Similar: union <code>\cup</code>. Related:
variable-sized operator <code>\biguplus</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="771" mergedindex="cp">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="789" mergedindex="cp">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03A5</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="772" mergedindex="cp">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="790" mergedindex="cp">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C5</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="773" mergedindex="cp">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="791" mergedindex="cp">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B5</U> Small letter script epsilon (ordinary). This is
more widely used in mathematics than the non-variant lunate epsilon form
<code>\epsilon</code> <U>03F5</U>. Related: set
membership <code>\in</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="774" mergedindex="cp">\vanothing</indexterm>\vanothing</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="792" mergedindex="cp">\vanothing</indexterm>\vanothing</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2205</U>, Empty set symbol. Similar: <code>\emptyset</code>. Related:
<code>\revemptyset</code>. Not available in plain &tex;. In &latex; you need to load the <file>amssymb</file> package.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="775" mergedindex="cp">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="793" mergedindex="cp">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C6</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\phi</code> <U>03D5</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="776" mergedindex="cp">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="794" mergedindex="cp">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D6</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\pi</code> <U>03C0</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="777" mergedindex="cp">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="795" mergedindex="cp">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03F1</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
The non-variant form is <code>\rho</code> <U>03C1</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="778" mergedindex="cp">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="796" mergedindex="cp">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03C2</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
(ordinary). The non-variant form is
<code>\sigma</code> <U>03C3</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="779" mergedindex="cp">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="797" mergedindex="cp">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03D1</U> Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
(ordinary). The non-variant form is
<code>\theta</code> <U>03B8</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="780" mergedindex="cp">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="798" mergedindex="cp">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>22A2</U> Provable; turnstile, vertical and a dash
(relation). Similar: turnstile rotated a
half-circle <code>\dashv</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="781" mergedindex="cp">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="799" mergedindex="cp">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2228</U> Logical or; a downwards v shape (binary). Related:
logical and <code>\wedge</code>. Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigvee</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="782" mergedindex="cp">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="800" mergedindex="cp">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2016</U> Vertical double bar (ordinary). <xref label="Delimiters"><xrefnodename>Delimiters</xrefnodename></xref>,
for how to use the <file>mathtools</file> package to create flexibly-sized
norm symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="783" mergedindex="cp">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="801" mergedindex="cp">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>007C</U> Single line vertical bar (ordinary). For &textldquo;such
that&textrdquo;, as in the definition of a set, use <code>\mid</code> because it
is a relation. <xref label="Delimiters"><xrefnodename>Delimiters</xrefnodename></xref>, for how to use the <file>mathtools</file>
package to create flexibly-sized absolute-value symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="784" mergedindex="cp">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="802" mergedindex="cp">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2227</U> Logical and (binary). Synonym: <code>\land</code>. See also
logical or <code>\vee</code>. Similar: variable-sized
operator <code>\bigwedge</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="785" mergedindex="cp">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="803" mergedindex="cp">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2118</U> Weierstrass p (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="786" mergedindex="cp">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="804" mergedindex="cp">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>2240</U> Wreath product (binary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="787" mergedindex="cp">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="805" mergedindex="cp">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>039E</U> uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="788" mergedindex="cp">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="806" mergedindex="cp">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03BE</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="789" mergedindex="cp">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="807" mergedindex="cp">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para><U>03B6</U> Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -13041,19 +13124,19 @@
provides versions to use in mathematical text.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="790" mergedindex="cp">\mathdollar</indexterm>\mathdollar</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="808" mergedindex="cp">\mathdollar</indexterm>\mathdollar</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Dollar sign in math mode: $.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="791" mergedindex="cp">\mathparagraph</indexterm>\mathparagraph</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="809" mergedindex="cp">\mathparagraph</indexterm>\mathparagraph</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, <U>00B6</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="792" mergedindex="cp">\mathsection</indexterm>\mathsection</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="810" mergedindex="cp">\mathsection</indexterm>\mathsection</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Section sign in math mode <U>00A7</U>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="793" mergedindex="cp">\mathsterling</indexterm>\mathsterling</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="811" mergedindex="cp">\mathsterling</indexterm>\mathsterling</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sterling sign in math mode: £.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="794" mergedindex="cp">\mathunderscore</indexterm>\mathunderscore</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="812" mergedindex="cp">\mathunderscore</indexterm>\mathunderscore</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Underscore in math mode: _.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -13072,15 +13155,15 @@
<node name="Arrows" spaces=" "><nodename>Arrows</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Arrows</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564">arrows</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">symbols, arrows</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="795" mergedindex="cp">math, arrows</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566">arrows</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567">symbols, arrows</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="813" mergedindex="cp">math, arrows</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568"><r>package</r>, <code>amsfonts</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569"><code>amsfonts</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568"><r>package</r>, <code>latexsym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569"><code>latexsym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570"><r>package</r>, <code>latexsym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571"><code>latexsym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the arrows that come with standard &latex;. The
<file>latexsym</file> and <file>amsfonts</file> packages contain many more.
@@ -13144,11 +13227,11 @@
<para>An example of the difference between <code>\to</code> and <code>\mapsto</code>
is: <code>\( f\colon D\to C \) given by \( n\mapsto n^2 \)</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570"><r>package</r>, <code>amscd</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571"><code>amscd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572"><r>package</r>, <code>amscd</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573"><code>amscd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572"><r>package</r>, <code>tikz-cd</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573"><code>tikz-cd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574"><r>package</r>, <code>tikz-cd</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575"><code>tikz-cd</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For commutative diagrams there are a number of packages, including
<file>tikz-cd</file> and <file>amscd</file>.
@@ -13158,10 +13241,10 @@
<node name="_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" spaces=" "><nodename>\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Blackboard bold</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Arrows</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\boldmath</code> & <code>\unboldmath</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574">boldface mathematics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575">symbols, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="796" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="797" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576">boldface mathematics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577">symbols, boldface</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="814" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="815" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis (used in paragraph mode or LR mode):
</para>
@@ -13176,8 +13259,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\unboldmath \( <var>math</var> \)
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="798" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="799" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="816" mergedindex="cp">\boldmath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="817" mergedindex="cp">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex>
<para>Declarations to change the letters and symbols in <var>math</var> to be in
a bold font, or to countermand that and bring back the regular
(non-bold) default. They must be used when not in math mode or display
@@ -13202,8 +13285,8 @@
Font Warning: Command \mathversion invalid in math mode on input line
11</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576"><r>package</r>, <code>bm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577"><code>bm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578"><r>package</r>, <code>bm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579"><code>bm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many issues with <code>\boldmath</code>. New documents should use
the <file>bm</file> package provided by the &latex; Project team. A complete
@@ -13224,8 +13307,8 @@
<node name="Blackboard-bold" spaces=" "><nodename>Blackboard bold</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Calligraphic</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\boldmath & \unboldmath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Blackboard bold</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578">blackboard bold</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579">doublestruck</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580">blackboard bold</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581">doublestruck</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -13260,9 +13343,9 @@
<node name="Calligraphic" spaces=" "><nodename>Calligraphic</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Delimiters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Blackboard bold</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Calligraphic</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580">calligraphic fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581">script fonts</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">fonts, script</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">calligraphic fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">script fonts</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">fonts, script</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -13287,11 +13370,11 @@
<node name="Delimiters" spaces=" "><nodename>Delimiters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Dots</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Calligraphic</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Delimiters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">braces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">curly braces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587">brackets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587">braces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588">curly braces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589">brackets</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Delimiters are parentheses, braces, or other characters used to mark
the start and end of subformulas. This formula has three sets of
@@ -13342,8 +13425,8 @@
<para><U>2016</U> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>\|</code> or <code>\Vert</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Double vertical bar
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>mathtools</file> package allows you to create commands for paired
delimiters. For instance, if you put
@@ -13368,13 +13451,13 @@
<node name="_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" spaces=" "><nodename>\left & \right</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\bigl & \bigr etc.</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Delimiters</nodeup></node>
<subsubsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="800" mergedindex="cp">\left</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="801" mergedindex="cp">\right</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="818" mergedindex="cp">\left</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="819" mergedindex="cp">\right</indexterm></findex>
<!-- c Credit: SE userPhilipp https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12793 -->
@@ -13407,11 +13490,11 @@
<samp>Extra \right</samp>. Leaving out the <code>\right)</code> gets <samp>You
can't use `\eqno' in math mode</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>However, <var>delimiter1</var> and <var>delimiter2</var> need not match. A common
case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period,
@@ -13599,8 +13682,8 @@
\end{equation}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>(many authors would replace <code>\frac</code> with the <code>\tfrac</code> command
@@ -13641,8 +13724,8 @@
<node name="Dots" spaces=" "><nodename>Dots</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Greek letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Delimiters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Dots, horizontal or vertical</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601">ellipses</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602">dots</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603">ellipses</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604">dots</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
continues.
@@ -13659,18 +13742,18 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="ellipses-cdots">ellipses cdots</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="802" mergedindex="cp">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="820" mergedindex="cp">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line, as
in <U>22EF</U>. Used as: <code>\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_{n-1}
\)</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-ddots">ellipses ddots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="803" mergedindex="cp">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="821" mergedindex="cp">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Diagonal ellipsis, <U>22F1</U>. See the above array example for a
usage.
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-ldots">ellipses ldots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="804" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="822" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Ellipsis on the baseline, <U>2026</U>. Used as: <code>\(
x_0,\ldots x_{n-1} \)</code>. Another example is the above array example. A
synonym is <code>\mathellipsis</code>. A synonym from the <file>amsmath</file>
@@ -13681,14 +13764,14 @@
mode or LR mode a synonym for <code>\ldots</code> is <code>\dots</code>.)
</para>
<anchor name="ellipses-vdots">ellipses vdots</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="805" mergedindex="cp">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="823" mergedindex="cp">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Vertical ellipsis, <U>22EE</U>. See the above array example for a
usage.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>amsmath</file> package has the command <code>\dots</code> to semantically
mark up ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs
@@ -13720,7 +13803,7 @@
<node name="Greek-letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Greek letters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Dots</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Greek letters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605">Greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607">Greek letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The upper case versions of these Greek letters are only shown when they
differ from Roman upper case letters.
@@ -13777,8 +13860,8 @@
<para><U>03C9</U>, <U>03A9</U></para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>\omega</code>, <code>\Omega</code></para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Omega
</para></entry></row></tbody></multitable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608"><r>package</r>, <code>unicode-math</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609"><code>unicode-math</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For omicron, if you are using &latex;&textrsquo;s default Computer Modern font
then enter omicron just as <samp>o</samp> or <samp>O</samp>. If you like having the
@@ -13796,122 +13879,122 @@
<node name="Math-functions" spaces=" "><nodename>Math functions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math functions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608">math functions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609">functions, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610">math functions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611">functions, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
spacing.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="806" mergedindex="cp">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="824" mergedindex="cp">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="807" mergedindex="cp">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="825" mergedindex="cp">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="808" mergedindex="cp">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="826" mergedindex="cp">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Inverse tangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="809" mergedindex="cp">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="827" mergedindex="cp">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Angle between the real axis and a point in the complex plane
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="810" mergedindex="cp">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="828" mergedindex="cp">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Binary modulo operator, used as in <code>\( 5\bmod 3=2 \)</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="811" mergedindex="cp">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="829" mergedindex="cp">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="812" mergedindex="cp">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="830" mergedindex="cp">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic cosine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="813" mergedindex="cp">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="831" mergedindex="cp">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cotangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="814" mergedindex="cp">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="832" mergedindex="cp">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic cotangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="815" mergedindex="cp">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="833" mergedindex="cp">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Cosecant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="816" mergedindex="cp">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="834" mergedindex="cp">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Degrees
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="817" mergedindex="cp">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="835" mergedindex="cp">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Determinant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="818" mergedindex="cp">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="836" mergedindex="cp">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Dimension
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="819" mergedindex="cp">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="837" mergedindex="cp">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Exponential
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="820" mergedindex="cp">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="838" mergedindex="cp">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Greatest common divisor
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="821" mergedindex="cp">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="839" mergedindex="cp">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Homomorphism
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="822" mergedindex="cp">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="840" mergedindex="cp">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Infinum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="823" mergedindex="cp">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="841" mergedindex="cp">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Kernel
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="824" mergedindex="cp">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="842" mergedindex="cp">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Base 2 logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="825" mergedindex="cp">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="843" mergedindex="cp">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="826" mergedindex="cp">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="844" mergedindex="cp">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit inferior
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="827" mergedindex="cp">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="845" mergedindex="cp">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Limit superior
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="828" mergedindex="cp">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="846" mergedindex="cp">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Natural logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="829" mergedindex="cp">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="847" mergedindex="cp">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Logarithm
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="830" mergedindex="cp">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="848" mergedindex="cp">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="831" mergedindex="cp">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="849" mergedindex="cp">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Minimum
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="832" mergedindex="cp">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="850" mergedindex="cp">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Parenthesized modulus, as used in <code>\( 5\equiv 2\pmod 3 \)</code>
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="833" mergedindex="cp">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="851" mergedindex="cp">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Probability
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="834" mergedindex="cp">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="852" mergedindex="cp">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Secant
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="835" mergedindex="cp">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="853" mergedindex="cp">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="836" mergedindex="cp">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="854" mergedindex="cp">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic sine
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="837" mergedindex="cp">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="855" mergedindex="cp">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>sup
<!-- c don't try to use \sup with dvi/pdf output since that turned into a -->
<!-- c Texinfo command and it's not worth hassling with different versions -->
<!-- c when it's just three roman letters anyway. -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="838" mergedindex="cp">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="856" mergedindex="cp">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Tangent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="839" mergedindex="cp">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="857" mergedindex="cp">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Hyperbolic tangent
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>amsmath</file> package adds improvements on some of these, and also
allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN, but
@@ -13926,68 +14009,68 @@
<node name="Math-accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Math accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Over- and Underlining</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math functions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math accents</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612">math accents</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614">math accents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters
in math. These are different from accents in normal text
(<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="840" mergedindex="cp">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="858" mergedindex="cp">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math acute accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="841" mergedindex="cp">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="859" mergedindex="cp">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math bar-over accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="842" mergedindex="cp">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="860" mergedindex="cp">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math breve accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="843" mergedindex="cp">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619">h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="861" mergedindex="cp">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check) accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="844" mergedindex="cp">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="862" mergedindex="cp">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math dieresis accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="845" mergedindex="cp">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="863" mergedindex="cp">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math dot accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="846" mergedindex="cp">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="864" mergedindex="cp">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math grave accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="847" mergedindex="cp">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="865" mergedindex="cp">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math hat (circumflex) accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="848" mergedindex="cp">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="866" mergedindex="cp">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math ring accent <!-- c don't bother implementing in texinfo -->
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="849" mergedindex="cp">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="867" mergedindex="cp">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math tilde accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="850" mergedindex="cp">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="868" mergedindex="cp">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math vector symbol
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="851" mergedindex="cp">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="869" mergedindex="cp">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math wide hat accent
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="852" mergedindex="cp">\widetilde</indexterm>\widetilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630">wide tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="870" mergedindex="cp">\widetilde</indexterm>\widetilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632">wide tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Math wide tilde accent
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -14000,35 +14083,35 @@
<node name="Over_002d-and-Underlining" spaces=" "><nodename>Over- and Underlining</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Over- and Underlining</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631">overlining</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632">underlining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633">overlining</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634">underlining</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
putting braces over or under some material.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="853" mergedindex="cp">\underline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\underline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="871" mergedindex="cp">\underline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\underline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Underline <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and outside.
The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
descenders, so in <code>\(\underline{y}\)</code> the line is lower than in
<code>\(\underline{x}\)</code>. This command is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633"><r>package</r>, <code>ulem</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634"><code>ulem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635"><r>package</r>, <code>ulem</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636"><code>ulem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that the package <file>ulem</file> does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
documentation on CTAN. See also <ref label="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><xrefnodename>\hrulefill & \dotfill</xrefnodename></ref> for
producing a line, for such things as a signature.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="854" mergedindex="cp">\overline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="872" mergedindex="cp">\overline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a horizontal line over <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and
outside. For example, <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
Note that this differs from the command <code>\bar</code> (<pxref label="Math-accents"><xrefnodename>Math
accents</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="855" mergedindex="cp">\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="873" mergedindex="cp">\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace under <var>math</var>. For example, this
<code>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code> emphasizes the telescoping part.
Attach text to the brace by using subscript, <code>_</code>, or superscript,
@@ -14044,26 +14127,26 @@
<para>The superscript appears on top of the expression, and so can look
unconnected to the underbrace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="856" mergedindex="cp">\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="874" mergedindex="cp">\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put a brace over <var>math</var>, as with
<code>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>. See also
<code>\underbrace</code>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <file>mathtools</file> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
</para>
</section>
-<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode" spaces=" "><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Over- and Underlining</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode" spaces=" "><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Over- and Underlining</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spacing in math mode</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>When typesetting mathematics, &latex; puts in spacing according to the
normal rules for mathematics texts. If you enter <code>y=m x</code> then
@@ -14087,39 +14170,44 @@
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\;</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="857" mergedindex="cp">\;</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="858" mergedindex="cp">\thickspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="875" mergedindex="cp">\;</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="876" mergedindex="cp">\thickspace</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace">spacing in math mode thickspace</anchor>
-<para>Synonym: <code>\thickspace</code>. Normally <code>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>Synonym: <code>\thickspace</code>. Normally <code>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>. With
+the <file>amsmath</file> package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release,
+can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\negthickspace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="859" mergedindex="cp">\negthickspace</indexterm></findex>
-<para>Normally <code>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="877" mergedindex="cp">\negthickspace</indexterm></findex>
+<para>Normally <code>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>. With the <file>amsmath</file>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\:</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="860" mergedindex="cp">\:</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="861" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="862" mergedindex="cp">\medspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="878" mergedindex="cp">\:</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="879" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="880" mergedindex="cp">\medspace</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace">spacing in math mode medspace</anchor>
-<para>Synonym: <code>\medspace</code>. Normally <code>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<para>Synonym: <code>\medspace</code>. Normally <code>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
+4.0mu</code>. With the <file>amsmath</file> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+&latex; release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before
+that, in math mode only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\negmedspace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="863" mergedindex="cp">\negmedspace</indexterm></findex>
-<para>Normally <code>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="881" mergedindex="cp">\negmedspace</indexterm></findex>
+<para>Normally <code>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>. With the <file>amsmath</file>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\,</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="864" mergedindex="cp">\,</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="865" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="882" mergedindex="cp">\,</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="883" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace">Spacing in math mode/\thinspace</anchor>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-thinspace">spacing in math mode thinspace</anchor>
<para>Synonym: <code>\thinspace</code>. Normally <code>3mu</code>, which is 1/6<dmn>em</dmn>.
@@ -14138,19 +14226,20 @@
</pre></example>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\!</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="866" mergedindex="cp">\!</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="867" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="884" mergedindex="cp">\!</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="885" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace">spacing in math mode negthinspace</anchor>
-<para>A negative thin space. Normally <code>-3mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that,
-The <code>\!</code> command is math mode only but the <code>\negthinspace</code>
-command has always worked in text mode (<pxref label="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"><xrefnodename>\thinspace & \negthinspace</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>Synonym: <code>\negthinspace</code>. A negative thin space. Normally
+<code>-3mu</code>. With the <file>amsmath</file> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+&latex; release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode;
+otherwise, the <code>\!</code> command is math mode only but the
+<code>\negthinspace</code> command has always also worked in text mode
+(<pxref label="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"><xrefnodename>\thinspace & \negthinspace</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\quad</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641">quad</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="868" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645">quad</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="886" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-quad">spacing in math mode quad</anchor>
<para>This is 18<dmn>mu</dmn>, that is, 1<dmn>em</dmn>. This is often used for space
surrounding equations or expressions, for instance for the space between
@@ -14158,7 +14247,7 @@
in both text and math mode.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\qquad</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="869" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="887" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
<anchor name="spacing-in-math-mode-qquad">spacing in math mode qquad</anchor>
<para>A length of 2 quads, that is, 36<dmn>mu</dmn> = 2<dmn>em</dmn>. It is available in
both text and math mode.
@@ -14174,8 +14263,8 @@
<node name="_005csmash" spaces=" "><nodename>\smash</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\smash</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642">vertical spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643">math mode, vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646">vertical spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647">math mode, vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14242,8 +14331,8 @@
\leavevmode\smash{zzz} % usual paragraph indent
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>mathtools</code> has operators that provide even finer
control over smashing a subformula box.
@@ -14253,12 +14342,12 @@
<node name="_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom" spaces=" "><nodename>\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\mathstrut</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\smash</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\phantom</code> & <code>\vphantom</code> & <code>\hphantom</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647">horizontal spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651">horizontal spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14281,11 +14370,13 @@
<para>The <code>\phantom</code> command creates a box with the same height, depth,
and width as <var>subformula</var>, but empty. That is, this command causes
&latex; to typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here
-&latex; will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+&latex; will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain}}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{displaymath}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+\end{displaymath}
</pre></example>
<para>The <code>\vphantom</code> variant produces an invisible box with the same
@@ -14310,8 +14401,8 @@
<para>These commands are often used in conjunction with <code>\smash</code>.
<xref label="_005csmash"><xrefnodename>\smash</xrefnodename></xref>, which includes another example of <code>\vphantom</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The three phantom commands appear often but note that &latex; provides
a suite of other commands to work with box sizes that may be more
@@ -14321,8 +14412,8 @@
In addition, the <file>mathtools</file> package has many commands that offer
fine-grained control over spacing.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special
mathematics status. So to do something like attaching a superscript you
@@ -14339,12 +14430,12 @@
<node name="_005cmathstrut" spaces=" "><nodename>\mathstrut</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\mathstrut</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="870" mergedindex="cp"><code>\mathstrut</code></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="888" mergedindex="cp"><code>\mathstrut</code></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663">invisible character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14370,10 +14461,106 @@
</subsection>
</section>
-<node name="Math-miscellany" spaces=" "><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<node name="Math-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Math styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
+<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math styles</sectiontitle>
+
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665">math styles</indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>&tex;&textrsquo;s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context. For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input <code>\sum_{0\leq
+i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}</code> will give
+output with the summation index centered below the summation symbol.
+But if that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right
+rather than below, so it won&textrsquo;t push the lines apart. Similarly, in a
+displayed context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be
+larger than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+</para>
+<para>&tex; uses four math styles.
+</para>
+<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend>
+<beforefirstitem>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666">display style</indexterm></cindex>
+</beforefirstitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para>Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such as
+with <code>\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}</code>.
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667">text style</indexterm></cindex>
+</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para>Text style is for an inline formula, as with <samp>so we have $ ... $</samp>.
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668">script style</indexterm></cindex>
+</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para>Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or superscript.
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669">scriptscript style</indexterm></cindex>
+</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
+<para>Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or more)
+of subscripting or superscripting.
+</para>
+</listitem></itemize>
+
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="889" mergedindex="cp">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="890" mergedindex="cp">\textstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="891" mergedindex="cp">\scriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="892" mergedindex="cp">\scriptscriptstyle</indexterm></findex>
+<para>&tex; determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of <code>\displaystyle</code>, or <code>\textstyle</code>, or
+<code>\scriptstyle</code>, or <code>\scriptscriptstyle</code>.
+</para>
+<para>In this example, the <samp>Arithmetic</samp> line&textrsquo;s fraction will look
+scrunched.
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
+ \textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
+ Arithmetic &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+ &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}$ \\
+ Geometric &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1}$
+ &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+</pre></example>
+
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>But because of the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration,
+the <samp>Geometric</samp> line&textrsquo;s fraction will be easy to read, with
+characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
+</para>
+<para>Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">we get
+$\pi=2\cdot{\displaystyle\int_{x=0}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2}\,dx}$
+</pre></example>
+
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>will have an integral sign that is much taller. Note that here the
+<code>\displaystyle</code> applies to only part of the formula, and it is
+delimited by being inside curly braces, as <samp>{\displaystyle ...}</samp>.
+</para>
+<para>The last example is a continued fraction.
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{equation}
+a_0+\frac{1}{
+ \displaystyle a_1+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_2+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+ \displaystyle a_3}}}
+\end{equation}
+</pre></example>
+
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>Without the <code>\displaystyle</code> declarations, the denominators would be
+set in script style and scriptscript style. (The <code>\mathstrut</code>
+improves the height of the denominators; <pxref label="_005cmathstrut"><xrefnodename>\mathstrut</xrefnodename></pxref>.)
+</para>
+
+</section>
+<node name="Math-miscellany" spaces=" "><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Math styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math miscellany</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are
some that don&textrsquo;t fit into other categories.
@@ -14390,9 +14577,9 @@
<node name="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">Colon character & \colon</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\*</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662">colon character</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="871" mergedindex="cp">: <r>for math</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="872" mergedindex="cp">\colon</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">colon character</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="893" mergedindex="cp">: <r>for math</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="894" mergedindex="cp">\colon</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -14407,16 +14594,16 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>Ordinary &latex; defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the colon character
with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation
<code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>But the widely-used <file>amsmath</file> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use
in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>. So if you want
@@ -14427,11 +14614,11 @@
<node name="_005c_002a" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\*</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frac</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colon character & \colon</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\*</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="873" mergedindex="cp">\*</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="895" mergedindex="cp">\*</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14454,8 +14641,8 @@
<node name="_005cfrac" spaces=" "><nodename>\frac</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sqrt</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\*</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frac</code> </sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">fraction</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="874" mergedindex="cp">\frac</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">fraction</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="896" mergedindex="cp">\frac</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14473,10 +14660,10 @@
<node name="_005csqrt" spaces=" "><nodename>\sqrt</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stackrel</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\frac</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sqrt</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672">square root</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673">roots</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674">radical</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="875" mergedindex="cp">\sqrt</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">square root</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">roots</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">radical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="897" mergedindex="cp">\sqrt</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -14499,9 +14686,9 @@
<node name="_005cstackrel" spaces=" "><nodename>\stackrel</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\sqrt</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stackrel</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675">stack math</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="876" mergedindex="cp">\stackrel</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">stack math</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="898" mergedindex="cp">\stackrel</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -14519,7 +14706,7 @@
<node name="Modes" spaces=" "><nodename>Modes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Modes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677">modes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">modes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>As &latex; processes your document, at any point it is in one of six
modes. They fall into three categories of two each, the horizontal
@@ -14530,13 +14717,15 @@
<itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "><itemprepend>•</itemprepend>
<listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<anchor name="modes-paragraph-mode">modes paragraph mode</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<para><dfn>Paragraph mode</dfn> is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary
-text. It breaks the input text into lines and breaks the lines into
-pages. This is the mode &latex; is in most of the time.
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<para><dfn>Paragraph mode</dfn> (in plain &tex; this is called <dfn>horizontal
+mode</dfn>) is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary text. It breaks
+the input text into lines and finds the positions of line breaks, so that
+in vertical mode page breaks can be done. This is the mode &latex; is
+in most of the time.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">LR mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689">LR mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-lr-mode">modes lr mode</anchor>
<para><dfn>LR mode</dfn> (for left-to-right mode; in plain &tex; this is called
<dfn>restricted horizontal mode</dfn>) is in effect when &latex; starts
@@ -14549,27 +14738,28 @@
box won&textrsquo;t fit there.)
</para>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690">math mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-math-mode">modes math mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating
an inline mathematical formula.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">display math mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691">display math mode</indexterm></cindex>
<para><dfn>Display math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating a displayed
mathematical formula. (Displayed formulas differ somewhat from inline
ones. One example is that the placement of the subscript on <code>\int</code>
differs in the two situations.)
</para>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<anchor name="modes-vertical-mode">modes vertical mode</anchor>
-<para><dfn>Vertical mode</dfn> is when &latex; is building the list of lines and
-other material making the output page. This is the mode &latex; is in
-when it starts a document.
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<anchor name="modes-vertical-mode">modes vertical mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Vertical mode</dfn> is when &latex; is
+building the list of lines and other material making the output page,
+which comprises insertion of page breaks. This is the mode &latex; is
+in when it starts a document.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-internal-vertical-mode">modes internal vertical mode</anchor>
<para><dfn>Internal vertical mode</dfn> is in effect when &latex; starts making a
-<code>\vbox</code>. This is the vertical analogue of LR mode.
+<code>\vbox</code>. It has not such thing as page breaks, and as such is the
+vertical analogue of LR mode.
</para>
</listitem></itemize>
@@ -14581,8 +14771,8 @@
changes to math mode, and then when it leaves the formula it pops
back to paragraph mode.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="modes-inner-paragraph-mode">modes inner paragraph mode</anchor>
<anchor name="modes-outer-paragraph-mode">modes outer paragraph mode</anchor>
<para>Paragraph mode has two subcases. If you use a <code>\parbox</code> command
@@ -14632,8 +14822,8 @@
<node name="Page-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Page styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Modes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page styles</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">styles, page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">page styles</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">styles, page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697">page styles</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The style of a page determines where &latex; places the components of
that page, such as headers and footers, and the text body. This
@@ -14641,8 +14831,8 @@
special pages such as the title page of a book, a page from an index, or
the first page of an article.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <file>fancyhdr</file> is very helpful for constructing page
styles. See its documentation on CTAN.
@@ -14658,8 +14848,8 @@
<node name="_005cmaketitle" spaces=" "><nodename>\maketitle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\maketitle</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691">titles, making</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="877" mergedindex="cp">\maketitle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700">titles, making</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="899" mergedindex="cp">\maketitle</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14702,10 +14892,10 @@
<code>\maketitle</code>, either in the preamble or in the document body.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="878" mergedindex="cp">\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</indexterm>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="879" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="880" mergedindex="cp">\and <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="900" mergedindex="cp">\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</indexterm>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="901" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="902" mergedindex="cp">\and <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is a
list of authors separated by <code>\and</code> commands. To separate lines
within a single author&textrsquo;s entry, for instance to give the author&textrsquo;s
@@ -14713,25 +14903,25 @@
the <code>\author</code> declaration then you get <samp>LaTeX Warning: No
\author given</samp>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="881" mergedindex="cp">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="903" mergedindex="cp">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Optional. Declare <var>text</var> to be the document&textrsquo;s date. The <var>text</var>
doesn&textrsquo;t need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all. If you
omit <code>\date</code> then &latex; uses the current date (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>).
To have no date, instead use <code>\date{}</code>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="882" mergedindex="cp">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="904" mergedindex="cp">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Optional. Produce a footnote. You can use it in the author information
for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can also use it in
the title, or any place a footnote makes sense. It can be any text at
all so you can use it for any purpose, such as to print an email
address.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="883" mergedindex="cp">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="884" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\title</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="905" mergedindex="cp">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="906" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\title</code></r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Required. Declare <var>text</var> to be the title of the document. Get line
breaks inside <var>text</var> with a double backslash, <code>\\</code>. If you
omit the <code>\title</code> declaration then you get <samp>LaTeX Error: No
@@ -14750,8 +14940,8 @@
<node name="_005cpagenumbering" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagenumbering</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\maketitle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagenumbering</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="885" mergedindex="cp">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="907" mergedindex="cp">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14797,8 +14987,8 @@
get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter too large</samp>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">gobble</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; does not output a page number, although it
does get reset. References to that page also are blank. (This does not
work with the popular package <file>hyperref</file> so to have the page number
@@ -14822,10 +15012,10 @@
<node name="_005cpagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagestyle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thispagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagestyle</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="886" mergedindex="cp">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700">header style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701">footer style</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="908" mergedindex="cp">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">header style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710">footer style</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14836,8 +15026,8 @@
<para>Declaration that specifies how the page headers and footers are typeset,
from the current page onwards.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A discussion with an example is below. Note first that the package
<file>fancyhdr</file> is now the standard way to manipulate headers and
@@ -14910,7 +15100,7 @@
<para>Here are the descriptions of <code>\markboth</code> and <code>\markright</code>:
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="887" mergedindex="cp">\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="909" mergedindex="cp">\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left-head</var>}{<var>right-head</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets both the right hand and left hand heading information for either a
page style of <code>headings</code> or <code>myheadings</code>. A left hand page
heading <var>left-head</var> is generated by the last <code>\markboth</code>
@@ -14919,7 +15109,7 @@
<code>\markright</code> that comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by
the last one that came before that page.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="888" mergedindex="cp">\markright{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="910" mergedindex="cp">\markright{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets the right hand page heading, leaving the left unchanged.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -14929,8 +15119,8 @@
<node name="_005cthispagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\thispagestyle</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thispagestyle</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="889" mergedindex="cp">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="911" mergedindex="cp">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -14970,14 +15160,12 @@
<node name="Spaces" spaces=" "><nodename>Spaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spaces</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706">spaces</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707">white space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715">spaces</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716">white space</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of
-these are best suited to mathematical text; see <ref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in
-math mode</xrefnodename></ref>. Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text
-and mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
-chapter.
+<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white space, or filled space. Some of
+these are best suited to mathematical text; for these
+see <ref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></ref>.
</para>
<menu endspaces=" ">
<menucomment><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal space
@@ -15005,9 +15193,9 @@
<node name="_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad" spaces=" "><nodename>\enspace & \quad & \qquad</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hspace</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\enspace</code> & <code>\quad</code> & <code>\qquad</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="890" mergedindex="cp">\enspace</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="891" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="892" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="912" mergedindex="cp">\enspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="913" mergedindex="cp">\quad</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="914" mergedindex="cp">\qquad</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15043,7 +15231,7 @@
<node name="_005chspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\hspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="893" mergedindex="cp">\hspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="915" mergedindex="cp">\hspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15052,11 +15240,12 @@
\hspace*{<var>length</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Insert the horizontal space <var>length</var>. The <var>length</var> can be
-positive, negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing.
-It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a <code>plus</code> or
-<code>minus</code> component, or both (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>). Because the space is
-stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called <dfn>glue</dfn>.
+<para>Insert the amount <var>length</var> of horizontal space. The <var>length</var> can
+be positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is
+like backspacing. It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a
+<code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component, or both (<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+Because the space is stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called
+<dfn>glue</dfn>.
</para>
<para>This makes a line with <samp>Name:</samp> an inch from the right margin.
</para>
@@ -15064,10 +15253,10 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
</pre></example>
-<para>The <code>*</code>-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable.
-More precisely, when &tex; breaks a paragraph into lines any white
+<para>The <code>*</code>-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
+precisely, when &tex; breaks a paragraph into lines any white
space&textmdash;glues and kerns&textmdash;that come at a line break are discarded. The
-<code>*</code>-version avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
+<code>*</code>-form avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
invisible item in front of the space).
</para>
<para>In this example
@@ -15104,10 +15293,10 @@
<node name="_005chfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\hfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hss</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hfill</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="894" mergedindex="cp">\hfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="916" mergedindex="cp">\hfill</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15125,7 +15314,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\noindent Name:\hfill Quiz One
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="895" mergedindex="cp">\fill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="917" mergedindex="cp">\fill</indexterm></findex>
<para>The <code>\hfill</code> command is equivalent to <code>\hspace{\fill}</code> and
so the space can be discarded at line breaks. To avoid that instead use
<code>\hspace*{\fill}</code> (<pxref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -15152,10 +15341,10 @@
<node name="_005chss" spaces=" "><nodename>\hss</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hss</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="896" mergedindex="cp">\hss</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="918" mergedindex="cp">\hss</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15192,7 +15381,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\spacefactor=<var>integer</var>
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="897" mergedindex="cp">\spacefactor</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="919" mergedindex="cp">\spacefactor</indexterm></findex>
<para>Influence &latex;&textrsquo;s glue stretch and shrink behavior. Most user-level
documents do not use this command.
</para>
@@ -15251,19 +15440,19 @@
<menu endspaces=" ">
<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
-</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frenchspacing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\normalsfcodes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Restore space factor settings to the default.
</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu>
-<node name="_005c_0040" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\&arobase;</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frenchspacing</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
+<node name="_005c_0040" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\&arobase;</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;</code> </sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="898" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="899" mergedindex="cp">at-sign</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="920" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="921" mergedindex="cp">at-sign</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex>
<anchor name="_005cAT">\AT</anchor><!-- c old name -->
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -15321,12 +15510,13 @@
</para>
</subsection>
-<node name="_005cfrenchspacing" spaces=" "><nodename>\frenchspacing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\normalsfcodes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
-<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frenchspacing</code></sectiontitle>
+<node name="_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" spaces=" "><nodename>\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\normalsfcodes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
+<anchor name="_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</anchor><!-- c old node name -->
+<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="900" mergedindex="cp">\frenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="901" mergedindex="cp">\nonfrenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="922" mergedindex="cp">\frenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="923" mergedindex="cp">\nonfrenchspacing</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15335,10 +15525,11 @@
\nonfrenchspacing
</pre></example>
-<para>The first declaration causes &latex; to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(<pxref label="_005cspacefactor"><xrefnodename>\spacefactor</xrefnodename></pxref>); this is the default.
+<para>The first declaration causes &latex; to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
+(<pxref label="_005cspacefactor"><xrefnodename>\spacefactor</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -15349,11 +15540,11 @@
</para>
</subsection>
-<node name="_005cnormalsfcodes" spaces=" "><nodename>\normalsfcodes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frenchspacing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
+<node name="_005cnormalsfcodes" spaces=" "><nodename>\normalsfcodes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\normalsfcodes</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="902" mergedindex="cp">\normalsfcodes</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="924" mergedindex="cp">\normalsfcodes</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15361,7 +15552,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\normalsfcodes
</pre></example>
-<para>Reset the &latex; space factor values to the default
+<para>Reset the &latex; space factors to the default values
(<pxref label="_005cspacefactor"><xrefnodename>\spacefactor</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
@@ -15370,17 +15561,18 @@
<node name="_005c_0028SPACE_0029" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\(SPACE)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">~</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">\NEWLINE</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">\SPACE</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">\ (backslash-space)</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">\TAB</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="903" mergedindex="cp">\SPACE</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727">\<key>NEWLINE</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">\<key>TAB</key></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">\<w> </w> (backslash-space)</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="925" mergedindex="cp">\<w> </w> (backslash-space)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="926" mergedindex="cp">\<key>SPACE</key></indexterm></findex>
<para>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.&linebreak;Synopsis:
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\<w> </w>
</pre></example>
<para>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
@@ -15390,10 +15582,10 @@
space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{l}
-One blank: makes some space \\
-Three blanks: in a row \\
-Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{rl}
+One blank:& makes some space \\
+Three blanks:& in a row \\
+Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
\end{tabular}
</pre></example>
@@ -15401,24 +15593,41 @@
<para>On the first line &latex; puts some space after the colon. On the
second line &latex; collapses the three blanks to output one
whitespace, so you end with the same space after the colon as in the
-first line. &latex; would similarly collapse a blank followed by a
-tab, or a blank and a newline and a blank. However, the bottom line
-asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That is, the
-backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal space.
-(Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all with
-<code>\hspace</code>; see <ref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></ref>.)
+first line. &latex; would similarly collapse them to a single
+whitespace if one, two or all of the three blanks were replaced by a
+tab, or by a newline. However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
+the white area is wider. That is, the backslash-space command creates a
+fixed amount of horizontal space. (Note that you can define a
+horizontal space of any width at all with <code>\hspace</code>;
+see <ref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></ref>.)
</para>
<para>The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used after
-control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that follows, as
-in <code>\TeX\ is nice</code>. (But using curly parentheses, as in
-<code>\TeX{} is best</code>, has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>So
-says Prof.\ Smith</code> or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (<pxref label="_005c_0040"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that follows, as
+after <code>\TeX</code> in <code>\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)</code>. (But using curly braces
+has the advantage of still working whether the next character is a blank
+or any other non-letter, as in <code>\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})</code> in which
+<code>{}</code> can be added after <code>\LaTeX</code> as well as after
+<code>\TeX</code>.) The other common use is that it marks a period as ending
+an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>Prof.\ Smith</code>
+or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (<pxref label="_005c_0040"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<para>Under normal circumstances, <code>\</code><key>tab</key> and <code>\</code><key>newline</key>
+<para>Under normal circumstances, <code>\</code><key>TAB</key> and <code>\</code><key>NEWLINE</key>
are equivalent to backslash-space, <code>\ </code>.
</para>
+<anchor name="Leading-blanks">Leading blanks</anchor>
+<para>Please also note that in order to allow source code indentation, under
+normal circumstances, &tex; ignores leading blanks in a line. So the
+following prints <samp>one word</samp>:
+</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">one
+ word
+</pre></example>
+
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>where the white space between <samp>one</samp> and <samp>word</samp> is produced by
+the newline after <samp>one</samp>, not by the space before <samp>word</samp>.
+</para>
<!-- c @PkgIndex{xspace} -->
<!-- c Some individual commands, notably those defined with the @code{xspace}, -->
<!-- c package do not follow the standard behavior. -->
@@ -15428,12 +15637,12 @@
<node name="_007e" spaces=" "><nodename>~</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinspace & \negthinspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\(SPACE)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>~</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="904" mergedindex="cp">~</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722">tie</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724">hard space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725">unbreakable space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726">NBSP</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="927" mergedindex="cp">~</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">tie</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">hard space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">unbreakable space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">NBSP</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15475,8 +15684,8 @@
<para>When cases are enumerated inline: <code>(b)~Show that $f(x)$ is
(1)~continuous, and (2)~bounded</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend>
<para>Between a number and its unit: <code>$745.7.8$~watts</code> (the
@@ -15517,12 +15726,12 @@
<node name="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\thinspace & \negthinspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\/</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">~</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thinspace</code> & <code>\negthinspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="905" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="906" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">space, thin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="928" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="929" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738">thin space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739">space, thin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15551,18 +15760,21 @@
style-specific use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\
Knuth</code>.
</para>
-<para>&latex; provides a variety of similar spacing commands
-(<pxref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></pxref>). With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the
-2020-10-01 &latex; release, they can be used in text mode as well as
-math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; before that,
-they were available only in math mode.
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
+<para>&latex; provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(<pxref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></pxref>). With the <file>amsmath</file> package, or as
+of the 2020-10-01 &latex; release, they can be used in text mode as
+well as math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; but
+otherwise, they are available only in math mode.
</para>
</section>
<node name="_005c_002f" spaces=" "><nodename>\/</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hrulefill & \dotfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinspace & \negthinspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\/</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="907" mergedindex="cp">\/</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">italic correction</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="930" mergedindex="cp">\/</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">italic correction</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15604,11 +15816,11 @@
upright characters have a zero italic correction. Some font creators
do not include italic correction values even for italic fonts.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="908" mergedindex="cp">\fontdimen1</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">font dimension, slant</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="931" mergedindex="cp">\fontdimen1</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745">font dimension, slant</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Technically, &latex; uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether to
-possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+<dfn>slant parameter</dfn> (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether
+to possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
particular font commands.
</para>
<para>There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing is
@@ -15619,8 +15831,8 @@
<node name="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\hrulefill & \dotfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\/</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="909" mergedindex="cp">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="910" mergedindex="cp">\dotfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="932" mergedindex="cp">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="933" mergedindex="cp">\dotfill</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15717,29 +15929,29 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="bigskip">bigskip</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="911" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm>\bigskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="912" mergedindex="cp">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="934" mergedindex="cp">\bigskip</indexterm>\bigskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="935" mergedindex="cp">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line
space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the <code>book</code> and
<code>article</code> classes is <code>12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="medskip">medskip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="913" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm>\medskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="914" mergedindex="cp">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="936" mergedindex="cp">\medskip</indexterm>\medskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="937" mergedindex="cp">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of a
line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the <code>book</code>
and <code>article</code> classes is <code>6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="smallskip">smallskip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="915" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm>\smallskip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="916" mergedindex="cp">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="938" mergedindex="cp">\smallskip</indexterm>\smallskip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="939" mergedindex="cp">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex>
<para>The same as <code>\vspace{\smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
<code>book</code> and <code>article</code> classes is <code>3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt</code>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<para>Because each command is a <code>\vspace</code>, if you use on in mid-paragraph
+<para>Because each command is a <code>\vspace</code>, if you use it in mid-paragraph
then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
these are best between paragraphs.
@@ -15787,8 +15999,8 @@
<node name="_005cstrut" spaces=" "><nodename>\strut</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\strut</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="917" mergedindex="cp">\strut</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">strut</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="940" mergedindex="cp">\strut</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746">strut</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -15800,7 +16012,7 @@
and depth at least <code>0.3\baselineskip</code>. Essentially, &latex;
inserts into the line a rectangle having zero width,
<code>\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}</code> (<pxref label="_005crule"><xrefnodename>\rule</xrefnodename></pxref>).
-The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font and fontsize.
+The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font or fontsize.
</para>
<para>In this example the <code>\strut</code> keeps the box inside the frame from
having zero height.
@@ -15848,15 +16060,15 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The final two lists use <code>\fbox</code> to show what&textrsquo;s happening. The
-third list&textrsquo;s <code>\parbox</code> goes only to the bottom of its second
-<samp>test</samp>, which happens not have any characters that descend below
-the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed
-extra below-baseline space.
+first item <code>\parbox</code> of the third list goes only to the bottom of
+its second <samp>test</samp>, which happens not have any characters that
+descend below the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives
+the needed extra below-baseline space.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\strut</code> command is often useful in graphics, such as in
<file>TikZ</file> or <file>Asymptote</file>. For instance, you may have a command
@@ -15882,19 +16094,19 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won&textrsquo;t work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like <code>\\[2.5ex]</code>
-will put the room between the header line and the <code>\hline</code>, and the
-integral would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won&textrsquo;t
+solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
+<code>\\[2.5ex]</code> will put more room between the header line and the
+<code>\hline</code> rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
</para>
</section>
<node name="_005cvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\vspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\strut</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="918" mergedindex="cp">\vspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="941" mergedindex="cp">\vspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -15920,9 +16132,9 @@
<para>(<xref label="_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip"><xrefnodename>\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</xrefnodename></xref>, for common inter-paragraph
spaces.)
</para>
-<para>The <code>*</code>-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
+<para>The <code>*</code>-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, &latex; discards vertical space at a page break and the
-<code>*</code>-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
+<code>*</code>-form causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
between the two questions.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -15959,10 +16171,10 @@
<node name="_005cvfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\vfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addvspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vfill</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="919" mergedindex="cp">\vfill</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="942" mergedindex="cp">\vfill</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16000,9 +16212,9 @@
<node name="_005caddvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\addvspace</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\vfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addvspace</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="920" mergedindex="cp">\addvspace</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="943" mergedindex="cp">\addvspace</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755">vertical space</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16017,10 +16229,11 @@
(<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). The <var>vert-length</var> is a rubber length
(<pxref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<para>This example illustrates. The <code>picture</code> draws a scale. In a
-standard &latex; article the length <code>\baselineskip</code> is 12<dmn>pt</dmn>.
-The two rules here are 22<dmn>pt</dmn> apart: the sum of the
-<code>\baselineskip</code> and the 10<dmn>pt</dmn> from the first <code>addvspace</code>.
+<para>This example illustrates. The <code>picture</code> draws a scale over which
+to rules are placed. In a standard &latex; article the length
+<code>\baselineskip</code> is 12<dmn>pt</dmn>. As shown by the scale, the two
+rules are 22<dmn>pt</dmn> apart: the sum of the <code>\baselineskip</code> and the
+10<dmn>pt</dmn> from the first <code>\addvspace</code>.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{article}
@@ -16061,14 +16274,14 @@
<node name="Boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Boxes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746">boxes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">boxes</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c xx Expand on boxes and glue, for xref from elsewhere. -->
<para>At its core, &latex; puts things in boxes and then puts the boxes on a
page. So these commands are central.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747"><r>package</r>, <code>adjustbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748"><code>adjustbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758"><r>package</r>, <code>adjustbox</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759"><code>adjustbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages on CTAN that are useful for manipulating boxes.
One useful adjunct to the commands here is <file>adjustbox</file>.
@@ -16087,11 +16300,11 @@
<node name="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\mbox & \makebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fbox & \framebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\mbox</code> & <code>\makebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="921" mergedindex="cp">\mbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="922" mergedindex="cp">\makebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749">box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750">make a box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="944" mergedindex="cp">\mbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="945" mergedindex="cp">\makebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760">box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761">make a box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16162,7 +16375,11 @@
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Flush right.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">s</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>Stretch the interword space in <var>text</var> across the entire <var>width</var>.
+</tableterm><tableitem><!-- c xx TODO add a generic node to make clear that some statement may be -->
+<!-- c not true for some internationalization or some script. Eg. in Arabic -->
+<!-- c script or with microtype package I think that the strech also plays -->
+<!-- c on word width -->
+<para>Stretch the interword space in <var>text</var> across the entire <var>width</var>.
The <var>text</var> must contain stretchable space for this to work. For
instance, this could head a press release:
<code>\noindent\makebox[\textwidth][s]{\large\hfil IMMEDIATE\hfil
@@ -16180,11 +16397,11 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The right edge of the output <samp>10 points </samp> (note the ending space
after <samp>points</samp>) will be just before the <samp>What</samp>. You can use
@@ -16211,8 +16428,8 @@
<node name="_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\fbox & \framebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\mbox & \makebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\fbox</code> & <code>\framebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="923" mergedindex="cp">\fbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="924" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="946" mergedindex="cp">\fbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="947" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -16223,7 +16440,7 @@
\framebox[<var>width</var>][<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<para>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four lines surrounding the space.
+<para>Create a box with an enclosing frame, four rules surrounding the <var>text</var>.
These commands are the same as <code>\mbox</code> and <code>\makebox</code> except
for the frame (<pxref label="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\mbox & \makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). The <code>\fbox</code> command is
robust, the <code>\framebox</code> command is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
@@ -16233,8 +16450,8 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>&latex; puts the text into a box that cannot be split or hyphenated.
-Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four lines making
+<para>&latex; puts the text into a box, the text cannot be hyphenated.
+Around that box, separated from it by a small gap, are four rules making
a frame.
</para>
<para>The first two command invocations, <code>\fbox{...}</code> and
@@ -16249,32 +16466,32 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>The <code>\strut</code> inserts a vertical height of <code>\baselineskip</code>
+<para>The <code>\strut</code> ensures a total height of <code>\baselineskip</code>
(<pxref label="_005cstrut"><xrefnodename>\strut</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<para>These parameters determine the frame layout.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="fbox-framebox-fboxrule">fbox framebox fboxrule</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="925" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm>\fboxrule</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="926" mergedindex="cp">frame, line width</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="927" mergedindex="cp">frame rule width</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="948" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm>\fboxrule</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="949" mergedindex="cp">frame, line width</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="950" mergedindex="cp">frame rule width</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex>
+<para>The thickness of the rules around the enclosed box. The default is
0.2<dmn>pt</dmn>. Change it with a command such as
<code>\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</code> (<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
<anchor name="fbox-framebox-fboxsep">fbox framebox fboxsep</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="928" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm>\fboxsep</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="929" mergedindex="cp">frame, separation from contents</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="951" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm>\fboxsep</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="952" mergedindex="cp">frame, separation from contents</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The distance from the frame to the enclosed box. The default is 3<dmn>pt</dmn>.
Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}</code>
(<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>). Setting it to 0<dmn>pt</dmn> is useful sometimes:
this will put a frame around the picture with no white border.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
+<pre xml:space="preserve">{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
\framebox{%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{prudence.jpg}}}
</pre></example>
@@ -16298,18 +16515,18 @@
<para><xref label="Colored-boxes"><xrefnodename>Colored boxes</xrefnodename></xref>, for colors other than black and white.
</para>
-<para>The <code>picture</code> environment has a version of this command where the
-units depend on <code>picture</code>&textrsquo;s <code>\unitlength</code> (<pxref label="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\framebox
-(picture)</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+<para>The <code>picture</code> environment has a version of the <code>\framebox</code>
+command where the units depend on <code>picture</code>&textrsquo;s <code>\unitlength</code>
+(<pxref label="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\framebox (picture)</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
</section>
<node name="_005cparbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\parbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raisebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fbox & \framebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parbox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="930" mergedindex="cp">\parbox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="953" mergedindex="cp">\parbox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses, one of:
</para>
@@ -16371,7 +16588,7 @@
<node name="_005craisebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\raisebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sbox & \savebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\parbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raisebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="931" mergedindex="cp">\raisebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="954" mergedindex="cp">\raisebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16436,9 +16653,9 @@
<node name="_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\sbox & \savebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">lrbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raisebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sbox</code> & <code>\savebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="932" mergedindex="cp">\sbox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="933" mergedindex="cp">\savebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760">box, save</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="955" mergedindex="cp">\sbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="956" mergedindex="cp">\savebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">box, save</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -16535,7 +16752,7 @@
<node name="lrbox" spaces=" "><nodename>lrbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\sbox & \savebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>lrbox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="934" mergedindex="cp">lrbox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="957" mergedindex="cp">lrbox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16573,8 +16790,8 @@
<node name="_005cusebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\usebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">lrbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="935" mergedindex="cp">\usebox</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="958" mergedindex="cp">\usebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16594,7 +16811,7 @@
<node name="Color" spaces=" "><nodename>Color</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">color</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can add color to text, rules, etc. You can also have color in a box
or on an entire page and write text on top of it.
@@ -16618,8 +16835,8 @@
<node name="Color-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Color package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color models</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>color</code> package options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763">color package options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764">options, color package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774">color package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775">options, color package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
</para>
@@ -16669,7 +16886,7 @@
<node name="Color-models" spaces=" "><nodename>Color models</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color models</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765">color models</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">color models</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A <dfn>color model</dfn> is a way of representing colors. &latex;&textrsquo;s
capabilities depend on the printer driver. However, the <file>pdftex</file>,
@@ -16730,7 +16947,7 @@
<node name="Commands-for-color" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for color</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Color models</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for color</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766">color package commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777">color package commands</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the commands available with the <file>color</file> package.
</para>
@@ -16745,9 +16962,9 @@
<node name="Define-colors" spaces=" "><nodename>Define colors</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored text</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Define colors</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">define color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">color, define</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779">define color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780">color, define</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -16781,8 +16998,8 @@
<node name="Colored-text" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored text</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Define colors</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored text</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">colored text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">colored text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -16883,9 +17100,9 @@
<node name="Colored-boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored pages</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored text</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored boxes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774">box, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">box, colored</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -16939,10 +17156,10 @@
<node name="Colored-pages" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored pages</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored pages</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775">color</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">colored page</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777">page, colored</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778">background, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786">color</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787">colored page</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">page, colored</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">background, colored</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -16973,8 +17190,8 @@
<node name="Graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special insertions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Graphics</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your &latex; document.
You need an additional package, which comes standard with &latex;.
@@ -17023,8 +17240,8 @@
<node name="Graphics-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
</para>
@@ -17104,9 +17321,9 @@
<node name="Graphics-package-configuration" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package configuration</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package configuration</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These commands configure the way &latex; searches the file system for
the graphic.
@@ -17127,7 +17344,7 @@
<node name="_005cgraphicspath" spaces=" "><nodename>\graphicspath</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\graphicspath</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="936" mergedindex="cp">\graphicspath</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="959" mergedindex="cp">\graphicspath</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17205,7 +17422,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsRule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\graphicspath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="937" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="960" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -17248,8 +17465,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PDF,.PNG,.JPG,.JPEG,.JBIG2,.JB2
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786"><r>package</r>, <code>grfext</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787"><code>grfext</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797"><r>package</r>, <code>grfext</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798"><code>grfext</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To change the order, use the <code>grfext</code> package.
</para>
@@ -17262,7 +17479,7 @@
<node name="_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" spaces=" "><nodename>\DeclareGraphicsRule</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="938" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsRule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="961" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareGraphicsRule</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -17348,8 +17565,8 @@
<node name="Commands-for-graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for graphics</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for graphics</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the commands available with the <file>graphics</file> and
<file>graphicx</file> packages.
@@ -17365,16 +17582,16 @@
<node name="_005cincludegraphics" spaces=" "><nodename>\includegraphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\includegraphics</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">including graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794">EPS files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">JPG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798">PNG files</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="939" mergedindex="cp">\includegraphics</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">graphics package</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803">including graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">EPS files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">JPG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">PNG files</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="962" mergedindex="cp">\includegraphics</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses for <file>graphics</file> package:
</para>
@@ -17509,8 +17726,8 @@
</para>
<para>There are many options. The primary ones are listed first.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">bounding box</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">box, bounding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">bounding box</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">box, bounding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that a graphic is placed by &latex; into a box, which is
traditionally referred to as its <dfn>bounding box</dfn> (distinct from the
PostScript BoundingBox described below). The graphic&textrsquo;s printed area may
@@ -17766,10 +17983,10 @@
<node name="_005crotatebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\rotatebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\scalebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\includegraphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rotatebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">rotation</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803">rotating text</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="940" mergedindex="cp">\rotatebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812">rotation</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">rotating text</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="963" mergedindex="cp">\rotatebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis if you use the <file>graphics</file> package:
</para>
@@ -17857,14 +18074,14 @@
<node name="_005cscalebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\scalebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\resizebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\scalebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="941" mergedindex="cp">\scalebox</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="942" mergedindex="cp">\reflectbox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="964" mergedindex="cp">\scalebox</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="965" mergedindex="cp">\reflectbox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -17907,13 +18124,13 @@
<node name="_005cresizebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\resizebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\scalebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\resizebox</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="943" mergedindex="cp">\resizebox</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823">scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824">resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="966" mergedindex="cp">\resizebox</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopses:
</para>
@@ -17952,8 +18169,8 @@
<node name="Special-insertions" spaces=" "><nodename>Special insertions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Special insertions</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816">special insertions</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827">special insertions</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a
special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
@@ -17974,10 +18191,10 @@
<node name="Reserved-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Reserved characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Reserved characters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821">characters, special</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">characters, special</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For
example, the percent sign <code>%</code> is for comments. They are
called <dfn>reserved characters</dfn> or <dfn>special characters</dfn>. They are
@@ -17987,21 +18204,21 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve"># $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="944" mergedindex="cp">\#</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="945" mergedindex="cp">\$</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="946" mergedindex="cp">\%</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="947" mergedindex="cp">\&</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="948" mergedindex="cp">\_</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="949" mergedindex="cp">\{</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="950" mergedindex="cp">\}</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="967" mergedindex="cp">\#</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="968" mergedindex="cp">\$</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="969" mergedindex="cp">\%</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="970" mergedindex="cp">\&</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="971" mergedindex="cp">\_</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="972" mergedindex="cp">\{</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="973" mergedindex="cp">\}</indexterm></findex>
<para>If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
put a backslash <code>\</code> in front of the character. Thus,
typing <code>\$1.23</code> will produce <code>$1.23</code> in your output.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="951" mergedindex="cp">\~</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="952" mergedindex="cp">\^</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="953" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="974" mergedindex="cp">\~</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="975" mergedindex="cp">\^</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="976" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm></findex>
<para>As to the last three characters, to get a tilde in the text body font
use <code>\~{}</code> (omitting the curly braces would result in the next
character receiving a tilde accent). Similarly, to get a text body
@@ -18024,10 +18241,10 @@
<node name="Upper-and-lower-case" spaces=" "><nodename>Upper and lower case</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Reserved characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Upper and lower case</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822">uppercase</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823">lowercase</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825">changing case of characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">uppercase</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">lowercase</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836">changing case of characters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18070,23 +18287,23 @@
<w> </w>\expandafter{\schoolname}}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <file>textcase</file> package brings some of the missing feature of the
standard &latex; commands <code>\MakeUppercase</code> and
<code>\MakeLowerCase</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>To uppercase only the first letter of words, you can use the package
<file>mfirstuc</file>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841"><r>package</r>, <code>expl3</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842"><code>expl3</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">Wright, Joseph</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843">Wright, Joseph</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Handling all the casing rules specified by Unicode, e.g., for
non-Latin scripts, is a much bigger job than anything envisioned in
the original &tex; and &latex;. It has been implemented in the
@@ -18101,9 +18318,9 @@
<node name="Symbols-by-font-position" spaces=" "><nodename>Symbols by font position</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Text symbols</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Symbols by font position</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="954" mergedindex="cp">\symbol</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="977" mergedindex="cp">\symbol</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can access any character of the current font using its number with
the <code>\symbol</code> command. For example, the visible space character
@@ -18121,11 +18338,11 @@
<node name="Text-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Text symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Text symbols</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">text symbols</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">text symbols</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="955" mergedindex="cp">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837">TS1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="978" mergedindex="cp">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">TS1 encoding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
not available in OT1. As of the &latex; February 2020 release, all
@@ -18134,172 +18351,172 @@
<code>TS1</code> font encoding).
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="956" mergedindex="cp">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="957" mergedindex="cp">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="979" mergedindex="cp">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="980" mergedindex="cp">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>©right; The copyright symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="958" mergedindex="cp">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="981" mergedindex="cp">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2020</U> The dagger symbol (in text).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="959" mergedindex="cp">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="982" mergedindex="cp">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2021</U> The double dagger symbol (in text).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="960" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="983" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &latex; logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="961" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeXe</indexterm>\LaTeXe</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="984" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeXe</indexterm>\LaTeXe</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &latex;2e logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="962" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="963" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="964" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="965" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="985" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="986" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="987" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="988" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex>
<para>«, », ‹, ›
Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="966" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="967" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="968" mergedindex="cp">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="989" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="990" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="991" mergedindex="cp">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&dots; An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): <code>\ldots</code>
and <code>\dots</code> also work in math mode.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="969" mergedindex="cp">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854">left quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">opening quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="992" mergedindex="cp">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865">left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866">opening quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textlsquo; Left (opening) quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="970" mergedindex="cp">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="971" mergedindex="cp">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="993" mergedindex="cp">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="994" mergedindex="cp">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00B6</U> Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="972" mergedindex="cp">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="973" mergedindex="cp">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="995" mergedindex="cp">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="996" mergedindex="cp">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>£ English pounds sterling.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="974" mergedindex="cp">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="975" mergedindex="cp">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="997" mergedindex="cp">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="998" mergedindex="cp">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex>
<para>„ and ‚
Double and single quotation marks on the baseline.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="976" mergedindex="cp">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">right quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864">closing quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="999" mergedindex="cp">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874">right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875">closing quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrsquo; Right (closing) quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="977" mergedindex="cp">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="978" mergedindex="cp">\textsection</indexterm>\textsection</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865">section symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1000" mergedindex="cp">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1001" mergedindex="cp">\textsection</indexterm>\textsection</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876">section symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00A7</U> Section sign.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="979" mergedindex="cp">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1002" mergedindex="cp">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The &tex; logo.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="980" mergedindex="cp">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1003" mergedindex="cp">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>^ ASCII circumflex.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="981" mergedindex="cp">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1004" mergedindex="cp">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>~ ASCII tilde.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="982" mergedindex="cp">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1005" mergedindex="cp">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>* Centered asterisk.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="983" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1006" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>\ Backslash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="984" mergedindex="cp">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1007" mergedindex="cp">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>| Vertical bar.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="985" mergedindex="cp">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1008" mergedindex="cp">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>23F8</U> Double vertical bar.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="986" mergedindex="cp">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1009" mergedindex="cp">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>25EF</U>, Big circle symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="987" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1010" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>{ Left brace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="988" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1011" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>} Right brace.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="989" mergedindex="cp">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1012" mergedindex="cp">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>• Bullet.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="990" mergedindex="cp">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1013" mergedindex="cp">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>24B6</U>, Circle around <var>letter</var>.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="991" mergedindex="cp">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="992" mergedindex="cp">\textcapitalcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalcompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="993" mergedindex="cp">\textascendercompwordmark</indexterm>\textascendercompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889">cap height</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890">ascender height</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1014" mergedindex="cp">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1015" mergedindex="cp">\textcapitalcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalcompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1016" mergedindex="cp">\textascendercompwordmark</indexterm>\textascendercompwordmark</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900">cap height</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901">ascender height</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Used to separate letters that would normally ligature. For example,
<code>f\textcompwordmark i</code> produces <samp>fi</samp> without a ligature. This
is most useful in non-English languages. The
<code>\textcapitalcompwordmark</code> form has the cap height of the font
while the <code>\textascendercompwordmark</code> form has the ascender height.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="994" mergedindex="cp">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1017" mergedindex="cp">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2020</U> Dagger.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="995" mergedindex="cp">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1018" mergedindex="cp">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2021</U> Double dagger.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="996" mergedindex="cp">\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1019" mergedindex="cp">\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex>
<para>$ Dollar sign.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="997" mergedindex="cp">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896">em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1020" mergedindex="cp">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907">em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
<raggedright endspaces=" ">
<para>&textmdash; Em-dash. Used for punctuation, usually similar to commas or
parentheses, as in &textlsquo;<code>The playoffs---if you're lucky
@@ -18307,145 +18524,145 @@
for spacing around em-dashes vary widely.
</para></raggedright>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="998" mergedindex="cp">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897">e-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1021" mergedindex="cp">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908">e-dash</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textndash; En-dash. Used for ranges, as in &textlsquo;<code>see pages 12--14</code>&textrsquo;.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="999" mergedindex="cp">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1022" mergedindex="cp">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The Euro currency symbol: €.
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</para>
<para>For an alternative glyph design, try the
<file>eurosym</file> package; also, most fonts nowadays come with their own
Euro symbol (Unicode U+20AC).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1000" mergedindex="cp">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1023" mergedindex="cp">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
<para>¡ Upside down exclamation point.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1001" mergedindex="cp">\textfiguredash</indexterm>\textfiguredash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905">figure dash character</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1024" mergedindex="cp">\textfiguredash</indexterm>\textfiguredash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916">figure dash character</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Dash used between numerals, Unicode U+2012. Defined in the June 2021
release of &latex;. When used in pdf&tex;, approximated by an
en-dash; with a Unicode engine, either typesets the glyph if available
in the current font, or writes the usual &textldquo;Missing character&textrdquo; warning
to the log file.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1002" mergedindex="cp">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1025" mergedindex="cp">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>> Greater than symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1003" mergedindex="cp">\texthorizontalbar</indexterm>\texthorizontalbar</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907">horizontal bar character</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1026" mergedindex="cp">\texthorizontalbar</indexterm>\texthorizontalbar</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918">horizontal bar character</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Horizontal bar character, Unicode U+2015. Defined in the June 2021
release of &latex;. Behavior as with <code>\textfiguredash</code> above;
the pdf&tex; approximation is an em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1004" mergedindex="cp">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1027" mergedindex="cp">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>< Less than symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1005" mergedindex="cp">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1028" mergedindex="cp">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2190</U>, Left arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1006" mergedindex="cp">\textnonbreakinghyphen</indexterm>\textnonbreakinghyphen</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911">non-breaking hyphen character</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912">hyphen character, non-breaking</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1029" mergedindex="cp">\textnonbreakinghyphen</indexterm>\textnonbreakinghyphen</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922">non-breaking hyphen character</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923">hyphen character, non-breaking</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Non-breaking hyphen character, Unicode U+2011. Defined in the June
2021 release of &latex;. Behavior as with <code>\textfiguredash</code>
above; the pdf&tex; approximation is a regular ASCII hyphen (with
breaks disallowed after).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1007" mergedindex="cp">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1008" mergedindex="cp">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1030" mergedindex="cp">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1031" mergedindex="cp">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ª, º Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1009" mergedindex="cp">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1032" mergedindex="cp">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>00B7</U> Centered period.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1010" mergedindex="cp">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1033" mergedindex="cp">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex>
<para>¿ Upside down question mark.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1011" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921">double left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1034" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932">double left quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textldquo; Double left quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1012" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923">double right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1035" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934">double right quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrdquo; Double right quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1013" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925">single left quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1036" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">single left quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textlsquo; Single left quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1014" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927">single right quote</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1037" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">single right quote</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&textrsquo; Single right quote.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1015" mergedindex="cp">\textquotesingle</indexterm>\textquotesingle</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1038" mergedindex="cp">\textquotesingle</indexterm>\textquotesingle</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>0027</U>, Straight single quote. (From TS1 encoding.)
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1016" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item>
-<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1017" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1039" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item>
+<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1040" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c Unicode doesn't have these https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark -->
<para>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1018" mergedindex="cp">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1041" mergedindex="cp">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para>®istered; Registered symbol.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1019" mergedindex="cp">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1042" mergedindex="cp">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2192</U>, Right arrow.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1020" mergedindex="cp">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1043" mergedindex="cp">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>FE58</U>, &textldquo;Three-quarters&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1021" mergedindex="cp">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1044" mergedindex="cp">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2122</U> Trademark symbol.
</para>
<!-- c ?? Diff from \textthreequartersemdash? In Unicode? -->
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1022" mergedindex="cp">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1045" mergedindex="cp">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>FE58</U>, &textldquo;Two-thirds&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1023" mergedindex="cp">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1046" mergedindex="cp">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para>_ Underscore.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1024" mergedindex="cp">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1047" mergedindex="cp">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex>
<para><U>2423</U>, Visible space symbol.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -18455,17 +18672,17 @@
<node name="Accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Additional Latin letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Text symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Accents</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945">accents</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956">accents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="959"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="960"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="961"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="962"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="963">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; has wide support for many of the world&textrsquo;s scripts and
languages, provided through the core <code>babel</code> package, which
supports pdf&latex;, Xe&latex; and Lua&latex;. The
@@ -18480,12 +18697,12 @@
<para>Below, to make them easier to find, the accents are all illustrated with
lowercase <samp>o</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1025" mergedindex="cp">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">dotless i</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1048" mergedindex="cp">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="964">dotless i</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Note that <code>\i</code> produces a dotless i,
<!-- c @dotless{i}, -->
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1026" mergedindex="cp">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954">dotless j</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1049" mergedindex="cp">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="965">dotless j</indexterm></cindex>
and <code>\j</code> produces a dotless j.
<!-- c @dotless{j}. -->
These are often used in place of their dotted counterparts when they are
@@ -18494,63 +18711,63 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\"</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldieresis</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1027" mergedindex="cp">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1028" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1050" mergedindex="cp">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1051" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="966">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="967">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="uml">o</accent> Umlaut (dieresis).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\'</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalacute</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1029" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1030" mergedindex="cp">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957">acute accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1052" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1053" mergedindex="cp">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="968">acute accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="acute">o</accent> Acute accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\.</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1031" mergedindex="cp">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958">dot accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="959">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1054" mergedindex="cp">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="969">dot accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="970">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="dotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\=</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalmacron</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1032" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1033" mergedindex="cp">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="960">macron accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="961">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="962">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1055" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1056" mergedindex="cp">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="971">macron accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="972">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="973">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="macr">o</accent> Macron (overbar) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\^</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcircumflex</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1034" mergedindex="cp">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1035" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="963">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="964">hat accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1057" mergedindex="cp">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1058" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="974">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="975">hat accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="circ">o</accent> Circumflex (hat) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\`</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalgrave</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1036" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1037" mergedindex="cp">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="965">grave accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1059" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1060" mergedindex="cp">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="976">grave accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="grave">o</accent> Grave accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\~</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltilde</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1038" mergedindex="cp">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1039" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="966">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1061" mergedindex="cp">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1062" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="977">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="tilde">n</accent> Tilde accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\b</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1040" mergedindex="cp">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="967">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1063" mergedindex="cp">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="978">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ubaraccent">o</accent> Bar accent underneath.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1041" mergedindex="cp">\underbar</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="968">underbar</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1064" mergedindex="cp">\underbar</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="979">underbar</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Related to this, <code>\underbar{<var>text</var>}</code> produces a bar under
<var>text</var>. The argument is always processed in LR mode
(<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline,
@@ -18559,65 +18776,65 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\c</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcedilla</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1042" mergedindex="cp">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1043" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="969">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1065" mergedindex="cp">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1066" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="980">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="cedil">c</accent> Cedilla accent underneath.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\d</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldotaccent</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1044" mergedindex="cp">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1045" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="970">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1067" mergedindex="cp">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1068" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="981">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="udotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent underneath.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\H</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1046" mergedindex="cp">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1047" mergedindex="cp">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="971">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1069" mergedindex="cp">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1070" mergedindex="cp">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="982">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="doubleacute">o</accent> Long Hungarian umlaut accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\k</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalogonek</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1048" mergedindex="cp">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1049" mergedindex="cp">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="972">ogonek</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1071" mergedindex="cp">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1072" mergedindex="cp">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="983">ogonek</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ogon">o</accent> Ogonek. Not available in the OT1 encoding.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\r</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalring</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1050" mergedindex="cp">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1051" mergedindex="cp">\capitalring</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="973">ring accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1073" mergedindex="cp">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1074" mergedindex="cp">\capitalring</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="984">ring accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="ring">o</accent> Ring accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\t</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltie</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\newtie</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalnewtie</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1052" mergedindex="cp">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1053" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1054" mergedindex="cp">\newtie</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1055" mergedindex="cp">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="974">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1075" mergedindex="cp">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1076" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1077" mergedindex="cp">\newtie</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1078" mergedindex="cp">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="985">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="tieaccent">oo</accent> Tie-after accent. The <code>\newtie</code> form is centered in
its box.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\u</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalbreve</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1056" mergedindex="cp">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1057" mergedindex="cp">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="975">breve accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1079" mergedindex="cp">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1080" mergedindex="cp">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="986">breve accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="breve">o</accent> Breve accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\v</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcaron</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1058" mergedindex="cp">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1059" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="976">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="977">check accent</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="978">caron accent</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1081" mergedindex="cp">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1082" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="987">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="988">check accent</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="989">caron accent</indexterm></cindex>
<para><accent type="caron">o</accent> H<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check, caron) accent.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></table>
@@ -18629,7 +18846,7 @@
<node name="_005caccent" spaces=" "><nodename>\accent</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Accents</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\accent</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1060" mergedindex="cp">\accent</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1083" mergedindex="cp">\accent</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18684,12 +18901,12 @@
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Additional Latin letters</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="979">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="980">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="981">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="982">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="983">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="984">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="990">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="991">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="992">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="993">special characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="994">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="995">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Here are the basic &latex; commands for inserting letters beyond
A&textndash;Z that extend the Latin alphabet, used primarily in languages other
@@ -18698,84 +18915,84 @@
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\aa</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AA</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1061" mergedindex="cp">\aa (å)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1062" mergedindex="cp">\AA (Å)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="985">aring</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1084" mergedindex="cp">\aa (å)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1085" mergedindex="cp">\AA (Å)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="996">aring</indexterm></cindex>
<para>å and Å.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ae</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AE</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1063" mergedindex="cp">\ae (æ)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1064" mergedindex="cp">\AE (Æ)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="986">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1086" mergedindex="cp">\ae (æ)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1087" mergedindex="cp">\AE (Æ)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="997">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex>
<para>æ and Æ.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dh</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DH</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1065" mergedindex="cp">\dh (ð)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1066" mergedindex="cp">\DH (Ð)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="987">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="988">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1088" mergedindex="cp">\dh (ð)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1089" mergedindex="cp">\DH (Ð)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="998">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="999">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Icelandic letter eth: ð and Ð. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc>
encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate
font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dj</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DJ</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1067" mergedindex="cp">\dj</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1068" mergedindex="cp">\DJ</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1090" mergedindex="cp">\dj</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1091" mergedindex="cp">\DJ</indexterm></findex>
<para>Crossed d and D, a.k.a.&noeos; capital and small letter d with stroke. Not
available with <sc>OT1</sc> encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to
select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ij</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\IJ</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1069" mergedindex="cp">\ij (ij)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1070" mergedindex="cp">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="989">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1092" mergedindex="cp">\ij (ij)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1093" mergedindex="cp">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1000">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\l</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\L</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1071" mergedindex="cp">\l (&lslash;)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1072" mergedindex="cp">\L (&Lslash;)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="990">polish l</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1094" mergedindex="cp">\l (&lslash;)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1095" mergedindex="cp">\L (&Lslash;)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1001">polish l</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&lslash; and &Lslash;.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ng</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\NG</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1073" mergedindex="cp">\ng</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1074" mergedindex="cp">\NG</indexterm></findex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1096" mergedindex="cp">\ng</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1097" mergedindex="cp">\NG</indexterm></findex>
<para>Lappish letter eng, also used in phonetics.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\o</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\O</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1075" mergedindex="cp">\o (ø)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1076" mergedindex="cp">\O (Ø)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="991">oslash</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1098" mergedindex="cp">\o (ø)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1099" mergedindex="cp">\O (Ø)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1002">oslash</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ø and Ø.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\oe</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\OE</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1077" mergedindex="cp">\oe (œ)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1078" mergedindex="cp">\OE (Œ)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="992">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1100" mergedindex="cp">\oe (œ)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1101" mergedindex="cp">\OE (Œ)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1003">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex>
<para>œ and Œ.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ss</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\SS</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1079" mergedindex="cp">\ss (ß)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1080" mergedindex="cp">\SS (SS)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="993">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="994">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1102" mergedindex="cp">\ss (ß)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1103" mergedindex="cp">\SS (SS)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1004">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1005">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>ß and SS.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\th</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\TH</itemformat></itemx>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1081" mergedindex="cp">\th (þ)</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1082" mergedindex="cp">\TH (Þ)</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="995">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="996">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1104" mergedindex="cp">\th (þ)</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1105" mergedindex="cp">\TH (Þ)</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1006">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1007">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Icelandic letter thorn: þ and Þ. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc>
encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate
font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>.
@@ -18787,7 +19004,7 @@
<node name="inputenc-package" spaces=" "><nodename>inputenc package</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Additional Latin letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>inputenc</code> package</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1083" mergedindex="cp">inputenc</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1106" mergedindex="cp">inputenc</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18800,9 +19017,9 @@
specifying the encoding name is optional, but in practice it is not
useful to omit it.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="997">encoding, of input files</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="998">character encoding</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="999">Unicode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1008">encoding, of input files</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1009">character encoding</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1010">Unicode</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In a computer file, the characters are stored according to a scheme
called the <dfn>encoding</dfn>. There are many different encodings. The
simplest is ASCII, which supports 95 printable characters, not enough
@@ -18854,7 +19071,7 @@
<node name="_005crule" spaces=" "><nodename>\rule</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\today</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">inputenc package</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rule</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1084" mergedindex="cp">\rule</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1107" mergedindex="cp">\rule</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -18865,8 +19082,8 @@
<para>Produce a <dfn>rule</dfn>, a filled-in rectangle.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1000">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1001">tombstone</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1011">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1012">tombstone</indexterm></cindex>
<para>This example produces a rectangular blob, sometimes called a Halmos symbol,
or just &textldquo;qed&textrdquo;, often used to mark the end of a proof:
</para>
@@ -18874,8 +19091,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\qedsymbol}{\rule{0.4em}{2ex}}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1002"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1003"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1013"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1014"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The <file>amsthm</file> package includes this command, with a somewhat
@@ -18906,9 +19123,9 @@
<node name="_005ctoday" spaces=" "><nodename>\today</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\rule</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\today</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1085" mergedindex="cp">\today</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1004">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1005">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1108" mergedindex="cp">\today</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1015">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1016">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -18920,11 +19137,11 @@
<var>yyyy</var></samp>. An example of a date in that format is <samp>July 4,
1976</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1006"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1007"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1017"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1018"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1008"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1009"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1019"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1020"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Multilingual packages such as <file>babel</file> or <file>polyglossia</file>, or
classes such as <file>lettre</file>, will localize <code>\today</code>. For example,
@@ -18943,8 +19160,8 @@
<para><code>\today</code> uses the counters <code>\day</code>, <code>\month</code>, and
<code>\year</code> (<pxref label="_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear"><xrefnodename>\day & \month & \year</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1010"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1011"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1021"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1022"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A number of package on CTAN work with dates. One is <file>datetime</file> package
which can produce a wide variety of date formats, including ISO standards.
@@ -18958,16 +19175,16 @@
<node name="Splitting-the-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Splitting the input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Splitting the input</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1012">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1013">input file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1023">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1024">input file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; lets you split a large document into several smaller ones.
This can simplify editing or allow multiple authors to work on the
document. It can also speed processing.
</para>
<para>Regardless of how many separate files you use, there is always one
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1014">root file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1015">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1025">root file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1026">file, root</indexterm></cindex>
<dfn>root file</dfn>, on which &latex; compilation starts. This shows such
a file with five included files.
</para>
@@ -19018,7 +19235,7 @@
<node name="_005cendinput" spaces=" "><nodename>\endinput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\include & \includeonly</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\endinput</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1086" mergedindex="cp">\endinput</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1109" mergedindex="cp">\endinput</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19060,8 +19277,8 @@
<node name="_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly" spaces=" "><nodename>\include & \includeonly</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\endinput</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\include</code> & <code>\includeonly</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1087" mergedindex="cp">\include</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1088" mergedindex="cp">\includeonly</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1110" mergedindex="cp">\include</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1111" mergedindex="cp">\includeonly</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19182,7 +19399,7 @@
\end{document}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1016">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1027">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You cannot use <code>\include</code> inside a file that is being included or
you get <samp>LaTeX Error: \include cannot be nested.</samp> The
<code>\include</code> command cannot appear in the document preamble; you will
@@ -19204,7 +19421,7 @@
<node name="_005cinput" spaces=" "><nodename>\input</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\include & \includeonly</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\input</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1089" mergedindex="cp">\input</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1112" mergedindex="cp">\input</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19265,14 +19482,14 @@
<node name="Table-of-contents-etc_002e" spaces=" "><nodename>Table of contents etc.</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Indexes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Table of contents etc.</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1017">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1028">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1090" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1091" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1092" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1093" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1094" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1095" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1113" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1114" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1115" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1116" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1117" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1118" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -19341,7 +19558,7 @@
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}First subsection}{2}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1096" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1119" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>Each line contains a single command, <code>\contentsline</code>
(<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>). The first argument, the <code>section</code> or
@@ -19396,11 +19613,11 @@
<code>1.55em</code>. Change these as with
<code>\renewcommand{\&arobase;tocrmarg}{3.5em}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1018"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1019"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1029"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1030"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1020"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1021"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1031"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1032"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>CTAN has many packages for the table of contents and lists of figures
and tables (<pxref label="CTAN"><xrefnodename>CTAN</xrefnodename></pxref>). The package <file>tocloft</file> is convenient for
@@ -19418,11 +19635,11 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1022"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1023"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1033"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1034"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1024"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1025"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1035"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1036"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Internationalization packages such as <file>babel</file> or <file>polyglossia</file>
will change these headers depending on the chosen base language.
@@ -19440,8 +19657,8 @@
<node name="_005c_0040dottedtocline" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;dottedtocline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;dottedtocline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1097" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;dottedtocline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1026">table of contents entry, create dotted line</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1120" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;dottedtocline</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1037">table of contents entry, create dotted line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19467,27 +19684,27 @@
<para>In this example, <code>\&arobase;dottedcline</code> appears to have been given only
three arguments. But tracing the internal code shows that it picks up
the final <var>text</var> and <var>pagenumber</var> arguments in the synopsis
-from a call to <code>\contentsline</code>.
+from a call to <code>\contentsline</code> (<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1027">leaders, dots in table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1038">leaders, dots in table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Between the box for the title text of a section and the right margin
box, these <code>\&arobase;dottedtocline</code> commands insert <dfn>leaders</dfn>, that
is, evenly-spaced dots. The dot-to-dot space is given by the command
-<code>\&arobase;dotsep</code>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, which
-are <code>1/18</code> em. Change it using <code>\renewcommand</code>, as
-in <code>\renewcommand{\&arobase;dotsep}{3.5}</code>.
+<code>\&arobase;dotsep</code>. By default it is 4.5 (it is in math units, aka.&noeos;
+<code>mu</code>, which are <code>1/18</code> em. Change it using
+<code>\renewcommand</code>, as in <code>\renewcommand{\&arobase;dotsep}{3.5}</code>.
</para>
-<para>In the default book class, &latex; does not use dotted leaders for
-the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the default article class
-it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
+<para>In the standard <file>book</file> class, &latex; does not use dotted leaders
+for the Part and Chapter table entries, and in the standard
+<file>article</file> class it does not use dotted leaders for Section entries.
</para>
</subsection>
<node name="_005caddcontentsline" spaces=" "><nodename>\addcontentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;dottedtocline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addcontentsline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1098" mergedindex="cp">\addcontentsline</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1028">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1121" mergedindex="cp">\addcontentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1039">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19495,7 +19712,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\addcontentsline{<var>ext</var>}{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1099" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1122" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Add an entry to the auxiliary file with extension <var>ext</var>.
</para>
<para>The following will result in an <samp>Appendices</samp> line in the table of
@@ -19508,22 +19725,24 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>It will appear at the same indentation level as the sections, will be in
boldface, and will be assigned the page number associated with the point
-where it appears in the input file.
+where the command appears in the input file.
</para>
<para>The <code>\addcontentsline</code> command writes information to the file
-<file><var>root-name</var>.<var>ext</var></file>. It writes that information as the
-text of the command
+<file><var>root-name</var>.<var>ext</var></file>, where <var>root-name</var> is the file name
+of the root file (<pxref label="Splitting-the-input"><xrefnodename>Splitting the input</xrefnodename></pxref>). It writes that
+information as the text of the command
<code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}{<var>num</var>}</code>, where
<code><var>num</var></code> is the current value of counter <code><var>unit</var></code>
(<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>). The most common case is the table of contents
and there <var>num</var> is the page number of the first page of <var>unit</var>.
</para>
<para>This command is invoked by the sectioning commands <code>\chapter</code>,
-etc., and also by <code>\caption</code> inside a float environment. But it is
-also used by authors. For example, an author writing a book whose style
-is to have an unnumbered preface may use the starred <code>\chapter*</code>.
-But that command leaves out table of contents information, which can be
-entered manually, as here.
+etc. (<pxref label="Sectioning"><xrefnodename>Sectioning</xrefnodename></pxref>), and also by <code>\caption</code> inside a float
+environment (<pxref label="Floats"><xrefnodename>Floats</xrefnodename></pxref>). But it is also directly used by authors.
+For example, an author writing a book whose style is to have an
+unnumbered preface may use the starred <code>\chapter*</code>. But that
+command leaves out table of contents information, which can be entered
+manually, as here.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\chapter*{Preface}
@@ -19531,9 +19750,10 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>In the <file>.toc</file> file &latex; will put the line <code>\contentsline
-{chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</code>; note that the page number
-<samp>3</samp> is automatically generated by the system, not entered manually.
+<para>In the <file><var>root-name</var>.toc</file> file &latex; will put the line
+<code>\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {}Preface}{3}</code>; note
+that the page number <samp>3</samp> is automatically generated by the system,
+not entered manually.
</para>
<para>All of the arguments for <code>\addcontentsline</code> are required.
</para>
@@ -19544,7 +19764,8 @@
tables. The filename extension of the information file.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">unit</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>A string that depends on the value of the <var>ext</var> argument:
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>A string that depends on the value of the <var>ext</var> argument, typically
+one of:
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">toc</itemformat></item>
@@ -19559,8 +19780,8 @@
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">text</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><para>The text of the entry. You must <code>\protect</code> any commands that are
-fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+</tableterm><tableitem><para>The text of the entry. You must <code>\protect</code> any fragile commands
+(<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>) used in it.
</para></tableitem></tableentry></table>
<para>The <code>\addcontentsline</code> command has an interaction with
@@ -19570,7 +19791,8 @@
in the table of contents can come out in the wrong order. The solution
is to move <code>\addcontentsline</code> into the file being included.
</para>
-<para>If you use a <var>unit</var> that &latex; does not recognize, as here
+<para>If you use a <var>unit</var> that &latex; does not recognize, as with the
+typo here
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\addcontentsline{toc}{setcion}{\protect\textbf{Appendices}}
@@ -19585,7 +19807,7 @@
<node name="_005caddtocontents" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocontents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\contentsline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtocontents</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1100" mergedindex="cp">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1123" mergedindex="cp">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19661,17 +19883,17 @@
<node name="_005ccontentsline" spaces=" "><nodename>\contentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nofiles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\contentsline</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1029">table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1101" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1102" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1103" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1104" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1105" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1106" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1107" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1108" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;chapter</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1109" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;section</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1110" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;subsection</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1040">table of contents</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1124" mergedindex="cp">\contentsline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1125" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1126" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1127" mergedindex="cp">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1128" mergedindex="cp">\listoftables</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1129" mergedindex="cp">.lof <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1130" mergedindex="cp">.lot <r>file</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1131" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;chapter</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1132" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;section</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1133" mergedindex="cp">\l&arobase;subsection</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19687,7 +19909,7 @@
commands <code>\chapter</code>, <code>\section</code>, etc. for the table of
contents, or by the <code>\caption</code> command inside of a <code>\figure</code>
or <code>\table</code> environment (<pxref label="figure"><xrefnodename>figure</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="table"><xrefnodename>table</xrefnodename></pxref>). Thus,
-where the base file is <file>thesis.tex</file>, and contains the declaration
+where the root file is <file>thesis.tex</file>, and contains the declaration
<code>\tableofcontents</code>, the command <code>\chapter{Chapter One}</code>
produces something like this in the file <file>thesis.toc</file>.
</para>
@@ -19708,22 +19930,29 @@
where <var>filetype</var> is <code>toc</code>, <code>lof</code>, or <code>lot</code>
(<pxref label="_005caddcontentsline"><xrefnodename>\addcontentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1041"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1042"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
<para>For manipulating how the <code>\contentline</code> material is typeset, see
the <file>tocloft</file> package.
</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1043"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1044"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+
<para>Note that the <code>hyperref</code> package changes the definition of
<code>\contentsline</code> (and <code>\addcontentsline</code>) to add more
arguments, to make hyperlinks. This is the source of the error
-<code>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</code>. Fix this error by
-deleting the <file>.toc</file> or <file>.lof</file> or <file>.lot</file> file, and running
-&latex; again.
+<code>Argument of \contentsline has an extra }</code> when one adds/remove
+the use of package <file>hyperref</file> and a compilation was already run.
+Fix this error by deleting the <file>.toc</file> or <file>.lof</file> or <file>.lot</file>
+file, and running &latex; again.
</para>
</subsection>
<node name="_005cnofiles" spaces=" "><nodename>\nofiles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\numberline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\contentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\nofiles</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1111" mergedindex="cp">\nofiles</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1134" mergedindex="cp">\nofiles</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19758,7 +19987,7 @@
<node name="_005cnumberline" spaces=" "><nodename>\numberline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nofiles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\numberline</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1112" mergedindex="cp">\numberline</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1135" mergedindex="cp">\numberline</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19770,7 +19999,7 @@
<code>\contentsline</code> command to typeset the section number
(<pxref label="_005ccontentsline"><xrefnodename>\contentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<para>For example, this line in a <file>.toc</file> file causes the <code>1</code> to be
+<para>For example, this line in a <file>.toc</file> file causes the <code>1.1</code> to be
typeset flush left.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -19781,16 +20010,17 @@
<code>\&arobase;tempdima</code>. That length is set by the commands
<code>\l&arobase;section</code>, <code>\l&arobase;subsection</code>, etc. Put section numbers
inside a natural-width box with
-<code>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</code>.
+<code>\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1~}</code> before
+<code>\tableofcontents</code>.
</para>
<para>This command is fragile, so you may need to precede it with
<code>\protect</code> (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). An example is the use of
<code>\protect</code> in the command
<code>\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Summary}</code>
-to get the <code>\numberline</code> into this command in the <file>.toc</file> file:
-<code>\contentsline {section}{\numberline {}Summary}{6}</code> (the
-page number <samp>6</samp> is automatically added by &latex;;
-<pxref label="_005caddcontentsline"><xrefnodename>\addcontentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+to get the <code>\numberline</code> into the <code>\contentsline</code> command in
+the <file>.toc</file> file: <code>\contentsline {section}{\numberline
+{}Summary}{6}</code> (the page number <samp>6</samp> is automatically added by
+&latex;; <pxref label="_005caddcontentsline"><xrefnodename>\addcontentsline</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
</subsection>
@@ -19798,50 +20028,68 @@
<node name="Indexes" spaces=" "><nodename>Indexes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Glossaries</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Indexes</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1030">indexes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1045">indexes</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1113" mergedindex="cp">\makeindex</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1114" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1031"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1136" mergedindex="cp">\makeindex</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1137" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1046"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
-<para>This document has an index.
+<para>If you tell &latex; what terms you want to appear in an index then it
+can produce that index, alphabetized and with the page numbers
+automatically maintained. This illustrates the basics.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex
+\usepackage{makeidx} % Provide indexing commands
+ \makeindex
+% \usepackage{showidx} % Show marginal notes of index entries
...
\begin{document}
...
-Recall Wilson's Theorem: \index{Wilson's Theorem}
-a number \( n>1 \) is prime if and only if the factorial of \( n-1 \)
-is congruent to \( -1 \) modulo~\( n \).
+Wilson's Theorem\index{Wilson's Theorem}
+says that a number $n>1$ is prime if and only if the factorial
+of $n-1$ is congruent to $-1$
+modulo~$n$.\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}
...
\printindex
- ...
+\end{document}
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>The <code>\usepackage{makeidx}</code> and <code>\makeindex</code> in the preamble
-bring in the relevant commands.
-</para>
-<para>Producing an index is a three stage process. First, in the document
-body you declare index entries with the <code>\index</code> command
+<para>As that shows, declare index entries with the <code>\index</code> command
(<pxref label="_005cindex"><xrefnodename>\index</xrefnodename></pxref>). When you run &latex;, the <code>\index</code> writes its
-information to an auxiliary file <file><var>root-name</var>.idx</file>. Next, to
-alphabetize and to do other manipulations you run an external command,
-typically <command>makeindex</command> or <command>xindy</command> (<pxref label="makeindex"><xrefnodename>makeindex</xrefnodename></pxref>).
-These output a file <file><var>root-name</var>.ind</file>. Finally, you bring the
-information back into your document and typeset it with the
-<code>\printindex</code> command (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>).
+information, such as <samp>Wilson's Theorem</samp> and the page number, to an
+auxiliary file whose name ends in <file>.idx</file>. Next, to alphabetize and
+do other manipulations, run an external command, typically
+<command>makeindex</command> (<pxref label="makeindex"><xrefnodename>makeindex</xrefnodename></pxref>), which writes a file whose name
+ends in <file>.ind</file>. Finally, <code>\printindex</code> brings this
+manipulated information into the output (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1032"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1033"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<para>Thus, if the above example is in the file <file>numth.tex</file> then running
+<samp>pdflatex numth</samp> will save index entry and page number information
+to <file>numth.idx</file>. Then running <samp>makeindex numth</samp> will
+alphabetize and save the results to <file>numth.ind</file>. Finally, again
+running <samp>pdflatex numth</samp> will show the desired index, at the place
+where the <code>\printindex</code> command is in the source file.
+</para>
+<para>There are many options for the output. An example is that the
+exclamation point in <code>\index{congruence!and Wilson's Theorem}</code>
+produces a main entry of <samp>congruence</samp> with a subentry of <samp>and
+Wilson's Theorem</samp>. For more, <pxref label="makeindex"><xrefnodename>makeindex</xrefnodename></pxref>.
+</para>
+<para>The <code>\makeindex</code> and <code>\printindex</code> commands are independent.
+Leaving out the <code>\makeindex</code> will stop &latex; from saving the
+index entries to the auxiliary file. Leaving out the <code>\printindex</code>
+will cause &latex; to not show the index in the document output.
+</para>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1047"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1048"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1034"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1035"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1049"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1050"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1036">index, multiple</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1037">multiple indexes</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1051">index, multiple</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1052">multiple indexes</indexterm></cindex>
<para>There are many packages in the area of indexing. The <code>showidx</code>
package causes each index entries to be shown in the margin on the
page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing the index.
@@ -19860,8 +20108,8 @@
<node name="_005cindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\index</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">makeindex</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\index</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1038">index entry</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1115" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1053">index entry</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1138" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -19885,6 +20133,7 @@
rate of growth\index{Ackermann!function!growth rate}
</pre></example>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1054">index entries, subentries</indexterm></cindex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>All three index entries will get a page number, such as <samp>Ackermann,
22</samp>. &latex; will format the second as a subitem of the first, on the
@@ -19903,7 +20152,7 @@
instance <code>\index{Ackermann!function}</code> could come before
<code>\index{Ackermann}</code>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1039">index, page range</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1055">index, page range</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Get a page range in the output, like <samp>Hilbert, 23--27</samp>, as here.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
@@ -19924,14 +20173,14 @@
followed by two subitems, like <samp>program, 50</samp> and <samp>results,
51</samp>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1040">see and see also index entries</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1041">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1116" mergedindex="cp">\seename</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1117" mergedindex="cp">\alsoname</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1042"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1043"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
- <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1044"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1045"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1056">see and see also index entries</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1057">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1139" mergedindex="cp">\seename</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1140" mergedindex="cp">\alsoname</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1058"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1059"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+ <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1060"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1061"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Generate a index entry that says <samp>See</samp> by using a vertical bar
@@ -19989,8 +20238,8 @@
entry, preceding it with a double quote, <code>"</code>. (The double quote
gets deleted before alphabetization.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1046"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1047"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1062"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1063"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A number of packages on CTAN have additional functionality beyond that
provided by <file>makeidx</file>. One is <file>index</file>, which allows for
@@ -19998,8 +20247,8 @@
<code>\index*{<var>index-entry-string</var>}</code> that prints the
<var>index-entry-string</var> as well as indexing it.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1118" mergedindex="cp">\indexentry</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1048">idx file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1141" mergedindex="cp">\indexentry</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1064">idx file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>\index</code> command writes the indexing information to the file
<file><var>root-name</var>.idx</file> file. Specifically, it writes text of the
command
@@ -20021,11 +20270,11 @@
<node name="makeindex" spaces=" "><nodename>makeindex</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\printindex</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\index</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>makeindex</command></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1049">index, processing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1119" mergedindex="cp">makeindex</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1050"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1051"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1052"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1065">index, processing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1142" mergedindex="cp">makeindex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1066"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1067"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1068"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -20041,9 +20290,9 @@
actual index file, the <file><var>filename</var>.ind</file> file that is input by
<code>\printindex</code> (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1053"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1120" mergedindex="cp">index, style file</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1121" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, style file</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1069"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1143" mergedindex="cp">index, style file</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1144" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, style file</indexterm></findex>
<para>The first form of the command suffices for many uses. The second allows
you to format the index by using an <dfn>index style file</dfn>, a
<file>.isty</file> file. The third form is the most general; see the full
@@ -20081,17 +20330,17 @@
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
<beforefirstitem><anchor name="makeindex-preamble">makeindex preamble</anchor>
-</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1122" mergedindex="cp">preamble</indexterm>preamble</itemformat></item>
+</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1145" mergedindex="cp">preamble</indexterm>preamble</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Preamble of the output file. Defines the context in which the index is
formatted. Default: <code>"\\begin{theindex}\n"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-postamble">makeindex postamble</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1123" mergedindex="cp">postamble</indexterm>postamble</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1146" mergedindex="cp">postamble</indexterm>postamble</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Postamble of the output file. Default: <code>"\n\n\\end{theindex}\n"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-group-skip">makeindex group skip</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1124" mergedindex="cp">group_skip</indexterm>group_skip</itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1125" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1147" mergedindex="cp">group_skip</indexterm>group_skip</itemformat></item>
+</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1148" mergedindex="cp">\indexspace</indexterm></findex>
<para>Traditionally index items are broken into groups, typically a group for
entries starting with <samp>a</samp>, etc. This specifier gives what is
inserted when a new group begins. Default: <code>"\n\n \\indexspace\n"</code>
@@ -20099,7 +20348,7 @@
<code>10pt plus5pt minus3pt</code>).
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-letheadflag">makeindex letheadflag</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1126" mergedindex="cp">lethead_flag</indexterm>lethead_flag</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1149" mergedindex="cp">lethead_flag</indexterm>lethead_flag</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer. It governs what is inserted for a new group or letter. If
it is 0 (which is the default) then other than <code>group_skip</code> nothing
will be inserted before the group. If it is positive then at a new
@@ -20109,93 +20358,93 @@
is 0.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-lethead-prefix">makeindex lethead prefix</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1127" mergedindex="cp">lethead_prefix</indexterm>lethead_prefix</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1150" mergedindex="cp">lethead_prefix</indexterm>lethead_prefix</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>If a new group begins with a different letter then this is the prefix
inserted before the new letter header. Default: <code>""</code>
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-lethead-suffix">makeindex lethead suffix</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1128" mergedindex="cp">lethead_suffix</indexterm>lethead_suffix</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1151" mergedindex="cp">lethead_suffix</indexterm>lethead_suffix</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>If a group begins with a different letter then this is the suffix
inserted after the new letter header. Default: <code>""</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-0">makeindex item 0</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1129" mergedindex="cp">item_0</indexterm>item_0 </itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1152" mergedindex="cp">item_0</indexterm>item_0 </itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between two level 0 items. Default: <code>"\n \\item
"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-1">makeindex item 1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1130" mergedindex="cp">item_1</indexterm>item_1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1153" mergedindex="cp">item_1</indexterm>item_1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Put between two level 1 items. Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-2">makeindex item 2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1131" mergedindex="cp">item_2</indexterm>item_2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1154" mergedindex="cp">item_2</indexterm>item_2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>put between two level 2 items. Default: <code>"\n \\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-01">makeindex item 01</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1132" mergedindex="cp">item_01</indexterm>item_01</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1155" mergedindex="cp">item_01</indexterm>item_01</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.
Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-x1">makeindex item x1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1133" mergedindex="cp">item_x1</indexterm>item_x1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1156" mergedindex="cp">item_x1</indexterm>item_x1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 0 item and a level 1 item in the
case that the level 0 item doesn&textrsquo;t have any page numbers (as in
<code>\index{aaa|see{bbb}}</code>). Default: <code>"\n \\subitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-12">makeindex item 12</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1134" mergedindex="cp">item_12</indexterm>item_12</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1157" mergedindex="cp">item_12</indexterm>item_12</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.
Default: <code>"\n \\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-item-x2">makeindex item x2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1135" mergedindex="cp">item_x2</indexterm>item_x2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1158" mergedindex="cp">item_x2</indexterm>item_x2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between a level 1 item and a level 2 item, if the
level 1 item doesn&textrsquo;t have page numbers. Default: <code>"\n
\\subsubitem "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-0">makeindex delim 0</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1136" mergedindex="cp">delim_0</indexterm>delim_0</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1159" mergedindex="cp">delim_0</indexterm>delim_0</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter put between a level 0 key and its first page
number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-1">makeindex delim 1</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1137" mergedindex="cp">delim_1</indexterm>delim_1</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1160" mergedindex="cp">delim_1</indexterm>delim_1</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter put between a level 1 key and its first page
number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-2">makeindex delim 2</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1138" mergedindex="cp">delim_2</indexterm>delim_2</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1161" mergedindex="cp">delim_2</indexterm>delim_2</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter between a level 2 key and its first page number. Default:
a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-n">makeindex delim n</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1139" mergedindex="cp">delim_n</indexterm>delim_n</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1162" mergedindex="cp">delim_n</indexterm>delim_n</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Delimiter between two page numbers for the same key (at any
level). Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code>", "</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-delim-r">makeindex delim r</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1140" mergedindex="cp">delim_r</indexterm>delim_r</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1163" mergedindex="cp">delim_r</indexterm>delim_r</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is put between the starting and ending page numbers of a range.
Default: <code>"--"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-line-max">makeindex line max</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1141" mergedindex="cp">line_max</indexterm>line_max</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1164" mergedindex="cp">line_max</indexterm>line_max</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer. Maximum length of an index entry&textrsquo;s line in the output,
beyond which the line wraps. Default: <code>72</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-indent-space">makeindex indent space</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1142" mergedindex="cp">indent_space</indexterm>indent_space</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1165" mergedindex="cp">indent_space</indexterm>indent_space</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>What is inserted at the start of a wrapped line. Default:
<code>"\t\t"</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-indent-length">makeindex indent length</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1143" mergedindex="cp">indent_length</indexterm>indent_length</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1166" mergedindex="cp">indent_length</indexterm>indent_length</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A number. The length of the wrapped line indentation. The default
<code>indent_space</code> is two tabs and each tab is eight spaces so the
default here is <code>16</code>.
</para>
<anchor name="makeindex-page-precedence">makeindex page precedence</anchor>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1144" mergedindex="cp">page_precedence</indexterm>page_precedence</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1167" mergedindex="cp">page_precedence</indexterm>page_precedence</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A document may have pages numbered in different ways. For example, a
book may have front matter pages numbered in lowercase roman while main
matter pages are in arabic. This string specifies the order in which
@@ -20207,7 +20456,7 @@
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1145" mergedindex="cp">xindy <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1168" mergedindex="cp">xindy <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>There are a number of other programs that do the job
<command>makeindex</command> does. One is <command>xindy</command>
(https://ctan.org/pkg/xindy), which does internationalization and can
@@ -20216,7 +20465,7 @@
markup terms and in terms of the collating order of the text, as
described in its documentation.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1146" mergedindex="cp">xindex <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1169" mergedindex="cp">xindex <r>program</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>A more recent indexing program supporting Unicode is <code>xindex</code>,
written in Lua (<url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/xindex</urefurl></url>).
</para>
@@ -20225,8 +20474,8 @@
<node name="_005cprintindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\printindex</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">makeindex</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>\printindex</command></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1054">index, printing</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1147" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1070">index, printing</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1170" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20234,7 +20483,7 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\printindex
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1148" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1171" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex>
<para>Place the index into the output.
</para>
<para>To get an index you must first include
@@ -20249,11 +20498,11 @@
<node name="Glossaries" spaces=" "><nodename>Glossaries</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Indexes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Glossaries</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1055">glossary</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1056">glossaries</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1057">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1149" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1150" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1071">glossary</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1072">glossaries</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1073">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1172" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1173" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20297,9 +20546,9 @@
<samp>Turing machine</samp> and the rest of the item says in normal type
<samp>A model of a machine &dots; Computer Science</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1151" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1152" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1058"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1174" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1175" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1074"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The command <code>\makeglossary</code> opens the file that will contain the
entry information, <file><var>root-file</var>.glo</file>. Put the
<code>\printglossaries</code> command where you want the glossaries to appear
@@ -20319,8 +20568,8 @@
<node name="_005cnewglossaryentry" spaces=" "><nodename>\newglossaryentry</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\gls</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newglossaryentry</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1059">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1153" mergedindex="cp">\newglossaryentry</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1075">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1176" mergedindex="cp">\newglossaryentry</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -20366,22 +20615,22 @@
here are a few.
</para>
<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1154" mergedindex="cp">name</indexterm>name</itemformat></item>
+<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1177" mergedindex="cp">name</indexterm>name</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>(Required.) The word, phrase, or symbol that you are defining.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1155" mergedindex="cp">description</indexterm>description</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1178" mergedindex="cp">description</indexterm>description</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>(Required.) The description that will appear in the glossary.
If this has more than one paragraph then you must use the second command
form given in the synopsis.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1156" mergedindex="cp">plural</indexterm>plural</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1179" mergedindex="cp">plural</indexterm>plural</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>The plural form of <var>name</var>. Refer to the plural form using
<code>\glspl</code> or <code>\Glspl</code> (<pxref label="_005cgls"><xrefnodename>\gls</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1157" mergedindex="cp">sort</indexterm>sort</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1180" mergedindex="cp">sort</indexterm>sort</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>How to place this entry in the list of entries that the glossary holds.
</para>
-</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1158" mergedindex="cp">symbol</indexterm>symbol</itemformat></item>
+</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1181" mergedindex="cp">symbol</indexterm>symbol</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>A symbol, such as a mathematical symbol, besides the name.
</para>
</tableitem></tableentry></ftable>
@@ -20391,8 +20640,8 @@
<node name="_005cgls" spaces=" "><nodename>\gls</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\newglossaryentry</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\gls</code></sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1060">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1159" mergedindex="cp">\gls</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1076">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1182" mergedindex="cp">\gls</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -20433,8 +20682,8 @@
<node name="Letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Letters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Input/output</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Letters</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1061">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1062">writing letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1077">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1078">writing letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20484,7 +20733,7 @@
Each <code>letter</code> environment body typically ends with a
<code>\closing</code> command such as <code>\closing{Yours,}</code>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1160" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for letters</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1183" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for letters</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>Additional material may come after the <code>\closing</code>. You can say who
is receiving a copy of the letter with a command like <code>\cc{the
Boss \\ the Boss's Boss}</code>. There&textrsquo;s a similar <code>\encl</code> command for
@@ -20538,7 +20787,7 @@
<node name="_005caddress" spaces=" "><nodename>\address</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cc</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\address</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1161" mergedindex="cp">\address</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1184" mergedindex="cp">\address</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20571,8 +20820,8 @@
<node name="_005ccc" spaces=" "><nodename>\cc</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\closing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\address</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cc</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1162" mergedindex="cp">\cc</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1063">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1185" mergedindex="cp">\cc</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1079">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20596,9 +20845,9 @@
<node name="_005cclosing" spaces=" "><nodename>\closing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\encl</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cc</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\closing</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1163" mergedindex="cp">\closing</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1064">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1065">closing letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1186" mergedindex="cp">\closing</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1080">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1081">closing letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20618,8 +20867,8 @@
<node name="_005cencl" spaces=" "><nodename>\encl</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\location</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\closing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\encl</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1164" mergedindex="cp">\encl</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1066">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1187" mergedindex="cp">\encl</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1082">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20642,7 +20891,7 @@
<node name="_005clocation" spaces=" "><nodename>\location</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makelabels</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\encl</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\location</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1165" mergedindex="cp">\location</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1188" mergedindex="cp">\location</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20658,7 +20907,7 @@
<node name="_005cmakelabels" spaces=" "><nodename>\makelabels</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\name</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\location</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makelabels</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1166" mergedindex="cp">\makelabels</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1189" mergedindex="cp">\makelabels</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20715,8 +20964,8 @@
<para>The first column contains the return address twice. The second column
contains the address for each recipient.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1067"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1068"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1083"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1084"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The package <code>envlab</code> makes formatting the labels easier, with
standard sizes already provided. The preamble lines
@@ -20728,7 +20977,7 @@
<node name="_005cname" spaces=" "><nodename>\name</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\opening</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makelabels</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\name</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1167" mergedindex="cp">\name</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1190" mergedindex="cp">\name</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20744,8 +20993,8 @@
<node name="_005copening" spaces=" "><nodename>\opening</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ps</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\name</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\opening</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1168" mergedindex="cp">\opening</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1069">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1191" mergedindex="cp">\opening</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1085">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20764,8 +21013,8 @@
</section>
<node name="_005cps" spaces=" "><nodename>\ps</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\signature</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\opening</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ps</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1169" mergedindex="cp">\ps</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1070">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1192" mergedindex="cp">\ps</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1086">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20792,7 +21041,7 @@
... }
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1170" mergedindex="cp">\signature</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1193" mergedindex="cp">\signature</indexterm></findex>
<para>The sender&textrsquo;s name. This command is optional, although its inclusion is
usual.
@@ -20833,7 +21082,7 @@
<node name="_005ctelephone" spaces=" "><nodename>\telephone</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\signature</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\telephone</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1171" mergedindex="cp">\telephone</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1194" mergedindex="cp">\telephone</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20852,9 +21101,9 @@
<node name="Input_002foutput" spaces=" "><nodename>Input/output</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line interface</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Input/output</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1071">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1072">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1073">input/output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1087">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1088">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1089">input/output</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&latex; uses the ability to write to a file and later read it back in
to build document components such as a table of contents or index. You
@@ -20874,13 +21123,13 @@
<node name="_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout" spaces=" "><nodename>\openin & \openout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\read</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\openin</code> & <code>\openout</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1172" mergedindex="cp">\openin</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1173" mergedindex="cp">\openout</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1174" mergedindex="cp">\closein</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1175" mergedindex="cp">\closeout</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1074">file, opening</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1075">file, closing</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1076">open a file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1195" mergedindex="cp">\openin</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1196" mergedindex="cp">\openout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1197" mergedindex="cp">\closein</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1198" mergedindex="cp">\closeout</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1090">file, opening</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1091">file, closing</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1092">open a file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20962,9 +21211,9 @@
<node name="_005cread" spaces=" "><nodename>\read</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typein</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\openin & \openout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\read</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1176" mergedindex="cp">\read</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1077">file, reading</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1078">read a file</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1199" mergedindex="cp">\read</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1093">file, reading</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1094">read a file</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -20997,10 +21246,10 @@
<code>\input</code> (<pxref label="_005cinput"><xrefnodename>\input</xrefnodename></pxref>) or <code>\include</code> (<pxref label="_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly"><xrefnodename>\include &
\includeonly</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1079"><r>package</r>, <code>datatool</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1080"><code>datatool</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1095"><r>package</r>, <code>datatool</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1096"><code>datatool</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1081">mail merges</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1097">mail merges</indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common reason to want to read from a data file is to do mail merges.
CTAN has a number of packages for that; one is <file>datatool</file>.
</para>
@@ -21009,7 +21258,7 @@
<node name="_005ctypein" spaces=" "><nodename>\typein</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typeout</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\read</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typein</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1177" mergedindex="cp">\typein</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1200" mergedindex="cp">\typein</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis, one of:
</para>
@@ -21072,7 +21321,7 @@
<node name="_005ctypeout" spaces=" "><nodename>\typeout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\write</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\typein</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typeout</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1178" mergedindex="cp">\typeout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1201" mergedindex="cp">\typeout</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21117,7 +21366,7 @@
<node name="_005cwrite" spaces=" "><nodename>\write</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\typeout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Input/output</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1179" mergedindex="cp">\write</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1202" mergedindex="cp">\write</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21142,7 +21391,7 @@
\immediate\closeout\myfile
</pre></example>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1180" mergedindex="cp">\newwrite</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1203" mergedindex="cp">\newwrite</indexterm></findex>
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The <code>\newwrite</code> allocates a stream number, giving it a symbolic
name to make life easier, so that <code>stream
@@ -21151,9 +21400,9 @@
name. &tex; ultimately executed <code>\write3</code> which puts the string
in the file.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1082">log file, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1083">terminal, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1084"><math>-1</math>, write stream number</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1098">log file, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1099">terminal, writing to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1100"><math>-1</math>, write stream number</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Typically <var>number</var> is between 0 and 15, because typically
&latex; authors follow the prior example and the number is allocated
by the system. If <var>number</var> is outside the range from 0 to 15 or
@@ -21168,12 +21417,12 @@
followed by a newline in the terminal output. (But 16, 17, and 18 are
special as <var>number</var>; see below.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1085">Lua&tex;, 256 output streams in</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1101">Lua&tex;, 256 output streams in</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In Lua&tex;, instead of 16 output streams there are 256
(<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1181" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;auxout</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1182" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;mainaux</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1204" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;auxout</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1205" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;mainaux</indexterm></findex>
<para>Use <code>\write\&arobase;auxout{<var>string</var>}</code> to write to the current
<file>.aux</file> file, which is associated with either the root file or
with the current include file; and use
@@ -21196,8 +21445,8 @@
<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" ">
<listitem>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1086">immediate <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1183" mergedindex="cp">\immediate\write</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1102">immediate <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1206" mergedindex="cp">\immediate\write</indexterm></findex>
<para>With the first, &latex; writes <var>string</var> to the file immediately.
Any macros in <var>string</var> are fully expanded (just as in
<code>\edef</code>) so to prevent expansion you must use <code>\noexpand</code>,
@@ -21205,16 +21454,16 @@
<code>##</code>).
</para>
</listitem><listitem>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1087">delayed <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1088">whatsit item</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1184" mergedindex="cp">\shipout <r>and expansion</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1103">delayed <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1104">whatsit item</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1207" mergedindex="cp">\shipout <r>and expansion</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>With the second, <var>string</var> is stored on the current list of things
(as a &tex; &textldquo;whatsit&textrdquo; item) and kept until the page is shipped out
and likewise the macros are unexpanded until <code>\shipout</code>. At
<code>\shipout</code>, <var>string</var> is fully expanded.
</para>
</listitem><listitem>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1185" mergedindex="cp">\protected&arobase;write</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1208" mergedindex="cp">\protected&arobase;write</indexterm></findex>
<para>The third, <code>\protected&arobase;write</code>, is like the second except that
you can use <code>\protect</code> to avoid expansion. The extra first
argument allows you to locally insert extra definitions to make more
@@ -21237,7 +21486,7 @@
<para>This results in the file <file>test.jh</file> containing the text
<samp>test XYZtest</samp> followed by a newline.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1089"><code>\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1105"><code>\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The cases where <var>number</var> is 16, 17, or 18 are special. Because of
<code>\write</code>&textrsquo;s behavior when <var>number</var> is outside the range from 0
to 15 described above, in Plain &tex; <code>\write16</code> and
@@ -21247,8 +21496,8 @@
even more special; modern &tex; systems use it for giving commands to
the operating system (<pxref label="_005cwrite18"><xrefnodename>\write18</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1090">newline, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1091"><code>^^J</code>, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1106">newline, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1107"><code>^^J</code>, in <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Ordinarily <code>\write</code> outputs a single line. You can include a
newline with <code>^^J</code>. Thus, this produces two lines in the log
file:
@@ -21257,8 +21506,8 @@
<pre xml:space="preserve">\wlog{Parallel lines have a lot in common.^^JBut they never meet.}
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1092"><r>package</r>, <code>answers</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1093"><code>answers</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1108"><r>package</r>, <code>answers</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1109"><code>answers</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A common case where authors need to write their own file is for
answers to exercises, or another situation where you want to write
@@ -21276,8 +21525,8 @@
<node name="_005cwrite-and-security" spaces=" "><nodename>\write and security</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\message</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write</code> and security</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1094">security and <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1095"><code>\write</code> and security</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1110">security and <code>\write</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1111"><code>\write</code> and security</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The ability to write files raises security issues. If you compiled a
downloaded &latex; file and it overwrote your password file then you
@@ -21300,7 +21549,7 @@
! I can't write on file `../test.jh'
</pre></example>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1096">parent directories, cannot write to</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1112">parent directories, cannot write to</indexterm></cindex>
<para>You can get just such an error when using commands such as
<code>\include{../filename}</code> because &latex; will try to open
<file>../filename.aux</file>. The simplest solution is to put the included
@@ -21311,7 +21560,7 @@
<node name="_005cmessage" spaces=" "><nodename>\message</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\wlog</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\write and security</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\message</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1186" mergedindex="cp">\message</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1209" mergedindex="cp">\message</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21372,7 +21621,7 @@
<node name="_005cwlog" spaces=" "><nodename>\wlog</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\write18</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\message</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\wlog</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1187" mergedindex="cp">\wlog</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1210" mergedindex="cp">\wlog</indexterm></findex>
<para>Synopsis:
</para>
@@ -21400,11 +21649,11 @@
<node name="_005cwrite18" spaces=" "><nodename>\write18</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\wlog</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">\write</nodeup></node>
<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\write18</code></sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1188" mergedindex="cp">\write18</indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1097">external commands</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1098">commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1099">system commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1100">shell access</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1211" mergedindex="cp">\write18</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1113">external commands</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1114">commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1115">system commands, run from &latex;</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1116">shell access</indexterm></cindex>
<!-- c Derived from: Joseph Wright: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/20446/121234 -->
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -21417,8 +21666,8 @@
runs the command and &latex;&textrsquo;s execution is blocked until that
finishes.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1101"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1102"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1117"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1118"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This sequence (on Unix)
</para>
@@ -21467,7 +21716,7 @@
(<pxref label="Command-line-options"><xrefnodename>Command line options</xrefnodename></pxref>). (The <code>--shell-escape</code> option is
a synonym, in &tex; Live.)
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1103">restricted shell access</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1119">restricted shell access</indexterm></cindex>
<para>In the place of full shell access, modern distributions by default use
a restricted version that allows some commands to work, such as those
that run Metafont to generate missing fonts, even if you do not use
@@ -21476,33 +21725,33 @@
control of the distribution maintainers (<pxref label="Command-line-options"><xrefnodename>Command line
options</xrefnodename></pxref>).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1189" mergedindex="cp">/bin/sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1190" mergedindex="cp">sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1191" mergedindex="cp">cmd.exe<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1192" mergedindex="cp">SHELL<r>, environment variables</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1212" mergedindex="cp">/bin/sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1213" mergedindex="cp">sh<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1214" mergedindex="cp">cmd.exe<r>, used by <code>\write18</code></r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1215" mergedindex="cp">SHELL<r>, environment variables</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>The <var>shell_command</var> text is always passed to <file>/bin/sh</file> on
Unix-like operating systems, and the DOS command interpreter
<file>cmd.exe</file> on Windows. Any different shell set by the user, and
the <code>SHELL</code> environment variable, is ignored.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1104"><r>package</r>, <code>texosquery</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1105"><code>texosquery</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1120"><r>package</r>, <code>texosquery</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1121"><code>texosquery</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1106">system information</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1107">operating system information</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1108">locale information, from system</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1109">directory listings, from system</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1122">system information</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1123">operating system information</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1124">locale information, from system</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1125">directory listings, from system</indexterm></cindex>
<para>If what you need is system information, such as the operating system
name, locale information, or directory contents, take a look at the
<file>texosquery</file> package, which provides a convenient and secure
interface for this, unlike the above examples using the raw
<code>\write18</code>: <url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/pkg/texosquery</urefurl></url>.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1110"><r>package</r>, <code>shellesc</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1111"><code>shellesc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1126"><r>package</r>, <code>shellesc</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1127"><code>shellesc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1193" mergedindex="cp">\ShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1194" mergedindex="cp">\DelayedShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1216" mergedindex="cp">\ShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1217" mergedindex="cp">\DelayedShellEscape</indexterm></findex>
<para>&latex; provides a package <code>shellesc</code> on top of the primitive
<code>\write18</code> command. Its primary purpose is to provide a command
<code>\ShellEscape</code> which works identically on all &tex; engines;
@@ -21520,9 +21769,9 @@
<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line interface</sectiontitle>
<anchor name="Command-line">Command line</anchor><!-- c old name -->
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1112">command line interface</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1113">interface, command line</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1114">CLI</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1128">command line interface</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1129">interface, command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1130">CLI</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Synopsis (from a terminal command line):
</para>
@@ -21543,7 +21792,7 @@
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1195" mergedindex="cp">.tex, <r>default extension</r></indexterm></findex>
+<para><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1218" mergedindex="cp">.tex, <r>default extension</r></indexterm></findex>
Note that <file>.tex</file> is the default file name extension.
</para>
<para>pdf&tex; is an extension of the original &tex; program, as are
@@ -21586,7 +21835,7 @@
<node name="Command-line-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line input</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line options</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1115">options, command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1131">options, command line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>These are the command-line options relevant to ordinary document
authoring. For a full list, try running <samp>latex --help</samp> from the
@@ -21601,23 +21850,23 @@
spaces around the <samp>=</samp>. We will generally use the <samp>=</samp> syntax.
</para>
<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" ">
-<beforefirstitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1196" mergedindex="cp">--version <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<beforefirstitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1219" mergedindex="cp">--version <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-version</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Show the current version, like <samp>pdfTeX 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX
Live 2015/Debian)</samp> along with a small amount of additional information,
and exit.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1197" mergedindex="cp">--help <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1220" mergedindex="cp">--help <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-help</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Give a brief usage message that is useful as a prompt and exit.
</para>
<anchor name="interaction-modes">interaction modes</anchor>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1198" mergedindex="cp">--interaction <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1221" mergedindex="cp">--interaction <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-interaction=<var>mode</var></itemformat></item>
-</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1116">batchmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1117">scrollmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1118">errorstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1119">nonstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
+</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1132">batchmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1133">scrollmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1134">errorstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1135">nonstopmode</indexterm></cindex>
<para>&tex; compiles a document in one of four interaction modes:
<code>batchmode</code>, <code>nonstopmode</code>, <code>scrollmode</code>,
<code>errorstopmode</code>. In <dfn>errorstopmode</dfn> (the default), &tex;
@@ -21638,17 +21887,17 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>eliminates most terminal output.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1120">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1121">filename for current job</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1199" mergedindex="cp">--jobname <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1136">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1137">filename for current job</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1222" mergedindex="cp">--jobname <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-jobname=<var>string</var></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Set the value of &tex;&textrsquo;s <dfn>jobname</dfn> to the string. The log file
and output file will then be named <file><var>string</var>.log</file> and
<file><var>string</var>.pdf</file>. <pxref label="Jobname"><xrefnodename>Jobname</xrefnodename></pxref>.
</para>
<anchor name="output-directory">output directory</anchor>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1122">output directory for all external files</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1200" mergedindex="cp">--output-directory <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1138">output directory for all external files</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1223" mergedindex="cp">--output-directory <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-output-directory=<var>directory</var></itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Write files in the directory <var>directory</var>. It must already exist.
This applies to all external files created by &tex; or &latex;, such
@@ -21662,12 +21911,12 @@
directory (in which &latex; was run) remains unchanged, and is also
checked for input files.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1123">shell escape</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1124"><code>\write18</code>, enabling</indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1201" mergedindex="cp">--enable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1202" mergedindex="cp">--disable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1203" mergedindex="cp">--shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1204" mergedindex="cp">--no-shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1139">shell escape</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1140"><code>\write18</code>, enabling</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1224" mergedindex="cp">--enable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1225" mergedindex="cp">--disable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1226" mergedindex="cp">--shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1227" mergedindex="cp">--no-shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--enable-write18</itemformat></item>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--disable-write18</itemformat></itemx>
<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--shell-escape</itemformat></itemx>
@@ -21688,12 +21937,12 @@
<code>\write18{ls -l}</code>, then you do not get an error but the log
file says <samp>runsystem(ls -l)...disabled</samp>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1205" mergedindex="cp">--halt-on-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1228" mergedindex="cp">--halt-on-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-halt-on-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Stop processing at the first error.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1206" mergedindex="cp">--file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1207" mergedindex="cp">--no-file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1229" mergedindex="cp">--file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1230" mergedindex="cp">--no-file-line-error <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex>
</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-file-line-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-no-file-line-error</itemformat></item>
</tableterm><tableitem><para>Enable or disable <code><var>filename</var>:<var>lineno</var>:<var>error</var></code>-style
@@ -21705,7 +21954,7 @@
<node name="Command-line-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Jobname</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line input</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1125">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1141">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex>
<para>As part of the command line invocation
</para>
@@ -21717,8 +21966,8 @@
<var>argument</var> with a backslash. (All the engines support this.) This
allows you to do some special effects.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1126"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1127"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1142"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1143"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>For example, this file (which uses the
<file>hyperref</file> package for hyperlinks) can produce two kinds of
output, one to be read on physical paper and one to be read online.
@@ -21761,30 +22010,43 @@
<noindent></noindent>
<para>The <code>jobname</code> option is there because otherwise both files would be
-called <file>main.pdf</file> and the second would overwrite the first. (See
+called <file>main.pdf</file>, and the second would overwrite the first. (See
the next section.)
</para>
-<para>In this example, we pass the <code>draft</code> option to the
-<file>graphicx</file> package:
+<para>In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
+document to include. For a book named <file>mybook.tex</file> and structured
+like this.
</para>
<example endspaces=" ">
-<pre xml:space="preserve">pdflatex "\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\input{aa.tex}"
+<pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{book}
+\begin{document}
+ ...
+\include{chap1}
+\include{chap2}
+ ...
+\end{document}
</pre></example>
<noindent></noindent>
-<para>so the graphic files are read for their bounding box size information
-but replaced in the PDF by a box with same size and that contains only
-the file name, which speeds up compilation time and saves printer ink.
+<para>the command line
</para>
+<example endspaces=" ">
+<pre xml:space="preserve">pdflatex "\includeonly{chap1}\input{mybook}"
+</pre></example>
+<noindent></noindent>
+<para>will give output that has the first chapter but no
+other. <xref label="Splitting-the-input"><xrefnodename>Splitting the input</xrefnodename></xref>.
+</para>
+
</section>
<node name="Jobname" spaces=" "><nodename>Jobname</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Recovering from errors</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line input</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Jobname</sectiontitle>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1208" mergedindex="cp"><code>\jobname</code></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1128">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1129">document root name</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1130">name of document root</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1231" mergedindex="cp"><code>\jobname</code></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1144">jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1145">document root name</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1146">name of document root</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Running &latex; creates a number of files, including the main PDF (or
DVI) output but also including others. These files are named with the
@@ -21808,16 +22070,16 @@
specified with the <code>-jobname</code> option, as in <code>pdflatex
-jobname=myname</code> (<pxref label="Command-line-input"><xrefnodename>Command line input</xrefnodename></pxref> for a real example).
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1209" mergedindex="cp">texput<r>, jobname default</r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1131">fallback jobname</indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1232" mergedindex="cp">texput<r>, jobname default</r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1147">fallback jobname</indexterm></cindex>
<para>The final possibility is <file>texput</file>, which is the final fallback
default if no other name is available to &tex;. For example, if no
<code>-jobname</code> option was specified, and the compilation stops before
there is any output, then the log file will be named
<file>texput.log</file>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1210" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1211" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1233" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1234" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage<r>, and <code>texput</code> jobname</r></indexterm></findex>
<para>A special case of this is that in &latex; versions of (approximately)
2020 or later, the jobname is also <file>texput</file> if the first
<code>\input</code> occurs as a result of being called by either
@@ -21839,7 +22101,7 @@
<para>the output file is <file>lipsum.pdf</file>, as <code>\usepackage</code> calls
<code>\input</code>.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1212" mergedindex="cp">\jobname</indexterm></findex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1235" mergedindex="cp">\jobname</indexterm></findex>
<para>Within the document, the macro <code>\jobname</code> expands to the jobname.
(When you run &latex; on a file whose name contains spaces, the string
returned by <code>\jobname</code> contains matching start and end quotes.)
@@ -21847,9 +22109,9 @@
catcode 12 (other) except that spaces are category 10,
including letters that are normally catcode 11.
</para>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1213" mergedindex="cp">\IfBeginWith*<r> macro from <file>xstring</file></r></indexterm></findex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1132"><r>package</r>, <code>xstring</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1133"><code>xstring</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1236" mergedindex="cp">\IfBeginWith*<r> macro from <file>xstring</file></r></indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1148"><r>package</r>, <code>xstring</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1149"><code>xstring</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>Because of this catcode situation, using the jobname in a conditional
can become complicated. One solution is to use the macro
@@ -21898,9 +22160,9 @@
typo. You could instead enter <kbd>?</kbd> and <kbd>RETURN</kbd> to see other
options.
</para>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1134"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1135">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex>
-<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1214" mergedindex="cp">\stop</indexterm></findex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1150"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1151">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex>
+<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1237" mergedindex="cp">\stop</indexterm></findex>
<para>There are two other error scenarios. The first is that you forgot to
include the <code>\end{document}</code> or misspelled it. In this case
&latex; gives you a <samp>*</samp> prompt. You can get back to the command
@@ -21928,8 +22190,8 @@
<node name="Document-templates" spaces=" "><nodename>Document templates</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line interface</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node>
<appendix spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document templates</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1136">document templates</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1137">templates, document</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1152">document templates</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1153">templates, document</indexterm></cindex>
<para>Although illustrative material, perhaps these document templates will
be useful. Additional template resources are listed at
@@ -21946,10 +22208,10 @@
<node name="beamer-template" spaces=" "><nodename>beamer template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">article template</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>beamer</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1138"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1139">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1140"><r>package</r>, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1141"><code>beamer</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1154"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1155">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1156"><r>package</r>, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1157"><code>beamer</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex>
<para>The <code>beamer</code> class creates presentation slides. It has a vast
@@ -21986,7 +22248,7 @@
<node name="article-template" spaces=" "><nodename>article template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">beamer template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>article</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1142">template (simple), <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1158">template (simple), <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>A simple template for an article.
</para>
@@ -22015,7 +22277,7 @@
<node name="book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Larger book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">article template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>book</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1143">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1159">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This is a straightforward template for a book. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book
template</xrefnodename></xref>, for a more elaborate one.
@@ -22045,7 +22307,7 @@
<node name="Larger-book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>Larger book template</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node>
<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Larger <code>book</code> template</sectiontitle>
-<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1144">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
+<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1160">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex>
<para>This is a somewhat elaborate template for a book. <xref label="book-template"><xrefnodename>book template</xrefnodename></xref>,
for a simpler one.
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