[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r950 - trunk

Jim Hefferon INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Mon Aug 9 18:39:54 CEST 2021


Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2021-08-09 16:39:54 +0000 (Mon, 09 Aug 2021)
New Revision: 950

Modified:
   trunk/ChangeLog
   trunk/latex2e.html
   trunk/latex2e.info
   trunk/latex2e.pdf
   trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
add paragraph on the warning you get on using font size changing commands inside math

Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog	2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog	2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2021-08-09  Jim Hefferon  <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+        * latex2e.texi (Font sizes): Add paragraph on using font size
+	commands in formulas.
+
 2021-08-09  Vincent Bela\"iche  <vincentb1 at users.sourceforge.net>
 
 	* latex2e.texi (\normalsfcodes): ``space factor values'' -> ``space factors''.

Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html	2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html	2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
     <li><a id="toc-_005cspacefactor-1" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></a>
     <ul class="no-bullet">
       <li><a id="toc-_005c_0040-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a></li>
       <li><a id="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.6 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></a></li>
@@ -3017,6 +3017,18 @@
 style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
 in curly braces <code>{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}</code>.
 </p>
+<p>Trying to use these commands in math, as with <code>$\small mv^2/2$</code>,
+results in ‘<samp>LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode</samp>’, and the font size doesn’t
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the <code>displaymath</code> environment (see <a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>), or
+one of the environments from the <samp>amsmath</samp> package.  For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like <code>{\small $mv^2/2$}</code>.  (Sometimes <code>\scriptsize</code> and
+<code>\scriptstyle</code> are confused.  Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. See <a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a>.)
+</p>
 <span id="index-environment-form-of-font-size-commands"></span>
 <p>An <em>environment form</em> of each of these commands is also defined; for
 instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>. However, in practice
@@ -16266,11 +16278,13 @@
 <p>The <code>\phantom</code> command creates a box with the same height, depth,
 and width as <var>subformula</var>, but empty.  That is, this command causes
 LaTeX to typeset the space but not fill it with the material.  Here
-LaTeX will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+LaTeX will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
-               --- Mark Twain}}
+<pre class="example">\begin{displaymath}
+  \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}} 
+\end{displaymath}
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>The <code>\vphantom</code> variant produces an invisible box with the same
@@ -17214,11 +17228,12 @@
 \hspace*{<var>length</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Insert the horizontal space <var>length</var>.  The <var>length</var> can be
-positive, negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing.
-It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a <code>plus</code> or
-<code>minus</code> component, or both (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  Because the space is
-stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called <em>glue</em>.
+<p>Insert the amount <var>length</var> of horizontal space. The <var>length</var> can
+be positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is
+like backspacing.  It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a
+<code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component, or both (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
+Because the space is stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called
+<em>glue</em>.
 </p>
 <p>This makes a line with ‘<samp>Name:</samp>’ an inch from the right margin.
 </p>
@@ -17226,10 +17241,10 @@
 <pre class="example">\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <code>*</code>-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable.
-More precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white
+<p>The <code>*</code>-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable.  More
+precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white
 space—glues and kerns—that come at a line break are discarded.  The
-<code>*</code>-version avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
+<code>*</code>-form avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
 invisible item in front of the space).
 </p>
 <p>In this example
@@ -17419,7 +17434,7 @@
 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="1">\@</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.  
 </td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="2">\frenchspacing</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="2">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
 </td></tr>
 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="3">\normalsfcodes</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Restore space factor settings to the default.
 </td></tr>
@@ -17429,7 +17444,7 @@
 <hr>
 <span id="g_t_005c_0040"></span><div class="header">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <span id="g_t_005c_0040-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></h4>
 
@@ -17492,11 +17507,11 @@
 </p>
 
 <hr>
-<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></span><div class="header">
+<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></span><div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="n" rel="next">\normalsfcodes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\@</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></span><span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-_005cfrenchspacing"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></span>
@@ -17509,10 +17524,11 @@
 \nonfrenchspacing
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The first declaration causes LaTeX to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>); this is the default.
+<p>The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence.  The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>).
 </p>
 <p>Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
 space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -17525,7 +17541,7 @@
 <hr>
 <span id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes"></span><div class="header">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <span id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></h4>
 
@@ -17538,7 +17554,7 @@
 <pre class="example">\normalsfcodes
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Reset the LaTeX space factor values to the default
+<p>Reset the LaTeX space factors to the default values
 (see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>).
 </p>
 
@@ -17551,15 +17567,16 @@
 
 <span id="index-_005cNEWLINE"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cSPACE"></span>
-<span id="index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cTAB"></span>
+<span id="index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029-1"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cSPACE-1"></span>
 
 <p>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.<br>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\    
+<pre class="example">\ <!-- /@w -->
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
@@ -17569,30 +17586,33 @@
 space.  But that is different than an explicit space.  This illustrates.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{l}
-One blank: makes some space \\
-Three blanks:   in a row \\
-Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{rl}
+One blank:& makes some space \\
+Three blanks:&   in a row \\
+Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
 \end{tabular}
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>On the first line LaTeX puts some space after the colon.  On the
 second line LaTeX collapses the three blanks to output one
 whitespace, so you end with the same space after the colon as in the
-first line.  LaTeX would similarly collapse a blank followed by a
-tab, or a blank and a newline and a blank.  However, the bottom line
-asks for three spaces so the white area is wider.  That is, the
-backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal space.
-(Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all with
-<code>\hspace</code>; see <a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a>.)
+first line.  LaTeX would similarly collapse them to a single
+whitespace if one, two or all of the three blanks were replaced by a
+tab, or by a newline.  However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
+the white area is wider.  That is, the backslash-space command creates a
+fixed amount of horizontal space.  (Note that you can define a
+horizontal space of any width at all with <code>\hspace</code>;
+see <a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a>.)
 </p>
 <p>The backslash-space command has two main uses.  It is often used after
-control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that follows, as
-in <code>\TeX\ is nice</code>.  (But using curly parentheses, as in
-<code>\TeX{} is best</code>, has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.)  The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>So
-says Prof.\ Smith</code> or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
+control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that follows, as
+after <code>\TeX</code> in <code>\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)</code>.  (But using curly braces
+has the advantage of still working whether the next character is a blank
+or any other non-letter, as in <code>\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})</code> in which
+<code>{}</code> can be added after <code>\LaTeX</code> as well as after
+<code>\TeX</code>.)  The other common use is that it marks a period as ending
+an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>Prof.\ Smith</code>
+or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
 </p>
 <p>Under normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tt class="key">tab</tt> and <code>\</code><tt class="key">newline</tt>
 are equivalent to backslash-space, <code>\ </code>.
@@ -17724,11 +17744,14 @@
 style-specific use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\
 Knuth</code>.
 </p>
-<p>LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands
-(see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>).  With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the
-2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as well as
-math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; before that,
-they were available only in math mode.
+<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-14"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-14"></span>
+
+<p>LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>).  With the <samp>amsmath</samp> package, or as
+of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as
+well as math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; but
+otherwise, they are available only in math mode.
 </p>
 <hr>
 <span id="g_t_005c_002f"></span><div class="header">
@@ -17782,8 +17805,8 @@
 <span id="index-_005cfontdimen1"></span>
 <span id="index-font-dimension_002c-slant"></span>
 <p>Technically, LaTeX uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether to
-possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+<em>slant parameter</em> (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether
+to possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
 particular font commands.
 </p>
 <p>There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing is
@@ -17989,7 +18012,7 @@
 and depth at least <code>0.3\baselineskip</code>.  Essentially, LaTeX
 inserts into the line a rectangle having zero width,
 <code>\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a>).
-The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font and fontsize.
+The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font or fontsize.
 </p>
 <p>In this example the <code>\strut</code> keeps the box inside the frame from
 having zero height.
@@ -18036,10 +18059,10 @@
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>The final two lists use <code>\fbox</code> to show what’s happening.  The
-third list’s <code>\parbox</code> goes only to the bottom of its second
-‘<samp>test</samp>’, which happens not have any characters that descend below
-the baseline.  The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed
-extra below-baseline space.
+first item <code>\parbox</code> of the third list goes only to the bottom of
+its second ‘<samp>test</samp>’, which happens not have any characters that
+descend below the baseline.  The fourth list adds the strut that gives
+the needed extra below-baseline space.
 </p>
 <span id="index-package_002c-TikZ-1"></span>
 <span id="index-TikZ-package-1"></span>
@@ -18069,10 +18092,10 @@
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won’t work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like <code>\\[2.5ex]</code>
-will put the room between the header line and the <code>\hline</code>, and the
-integral would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won’t
+solve this issue.  Changing the first double backslash to something like
+<code>\\[2.5ex]</code> will put more room between the header line and the
+<code>\hline</code> rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -18109,9 +18132,9 @@
 <p>(See <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>, for common inter-paragraph
 spaces.)
 </p>
-<p>The <code>*</code>-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable.  More
+<p>The <code>*</code>-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable.  More
 precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
-<code>*</code>-version causes the space to stay.  This example leaves space
+<code>*</code>-form causes the space to stay.  This example leaves space
 between the two questions.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
@@ -18211,10 +18234,11 @@
 (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).  The <var>vert-length</var> is a rubber length
 (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
 </p>
-<p>This example illustrates.  The <code>picture</code> draws a scale.  In a
-standard LaTeX article the length <code>\baselineskip</code> is 12pt.
-The two rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the
-<code>\baselineskip</code> and the 10pt from the first <code>addvspace</code>.
+<p>This example illustrates.  The <code>picture</code> draws a scale over which
+to rules are placed.  In a standard LaTeX article the length
+<code>\baselineskip</code> is 12pt.  As shown by the scale, the two
+rules are 22pt apart: the sum of the <code>\baselineskip</code> and the
+10pt from the first <code>\addvspace</code>.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example">\documentclass{article}
@@ -24992,7 +25016,8 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
 <tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029">\ (backslash-space)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029">\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029-1"><code>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0021"><code>\!</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\" <span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -25296,7 +25321,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframe"><code>\frame</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframe">\frame</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox & \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrontmatter"><code>\frontmatter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
@@ -25536,7 +25561,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewglossaryentry"><code>\newglossaryentry</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewlength"><code>\newlength</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewline"><code>\newline</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\NEWLINE</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\<tt class="key">NEWLINE</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewpage"><code>\newpage</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewsavebox"><code>\newsavebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewtheorem"><code>\newtheorem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
@@ -25551,7 +25576,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnofiles"><code>\nofiles</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnofiles">\nofiles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnoindent"><code>\noindent</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnolinebreak"><code>\nolinebreak</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonumber"><code>\nonumber</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnopagebreak"><code>\nopagebreak</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnormalfont"><code>\normalfont</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -25750,8 +25775,8 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip"><code>\smallskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmallskipamount"><code>\smallskipamount</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmile"><code>\smile</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\SPACE</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\SPACE</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\<tt class="key">SPACE</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\<span class="key">SPACE</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cspacefactor"><code>\spacefactor</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cspadesuit"><code>\spadesuit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqcap"><code>\sqcap</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -25788,7 +25813,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cswarrow"><code>\swarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csymbol"><code>\symbol</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"><code>\t <span class="roman">(tie-after accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\TAB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\<tt class="key">TAB</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctabbingsep"><code>\tabbingsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctabcolsep"><code>\tabcolsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
@@ -26041,6 +26066,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-13"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-14"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
@@ -26862,6 +26888,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-13"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-14"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>answers</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
@@ -27168,7 +27195,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands-1">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing-within-math-mode">spacing within math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode-1">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>

Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info	2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info	2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -1719,6 +1719,17 @@
 end of the current group, so you could enclose it in curly braces
 '{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}'.
 
+   Trying to use these commands in math, as with '$\small mv^2/2$',
+results in 'LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small invalid in math mode',
+and the font size doesn't change.  To work with a too-large formula,
+often the best option is to use the 'displaymath' environment (*note
+Math formulas::), or one of the environments from the 'amsmath' package.
+For inline mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is
+something like '{\small $mv^2/2$}'.  (Sometimes '\scriptsize' and
+'\scriptstyle' are confused.  Both change the font size, but the latter
+also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is typset.
+*Note Math styles::.)
+
    An "environment form" of each of these commands is also defined; for
 instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.  However, in practice this form
 can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or end of the
@@ -11134,10 +11145,12 @@
    The '\phantom' command creates a box with the same height, depth, and
 width as SUBFORMULA, but empty.  That is, this command causes LaTeX to
 typeset the space but not fill it with the material.  Here LaTeX will
-put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer, but will not
+show that answer.
 
-     \fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
-                    --- Mark Twain}}
+     \begin{displaymath}
+       \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+     \end{displaymath}
 
    The '\vphantom' variant produces an invisible box with the same
 vertical size as SUBFORMULA, the same height and depth, but having zero
@@ -11810,21 +11823,21 @@
      \hspace{LENGTH}
      \hspace*{LENGTH}
 
-   Insert the horizontal space LENGTH.  The LENGTH can be positive,
-negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing.  It is a
-rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or 'minus' component, or
-both (*note Lengths::).  Because the space is stretchable and
-shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
+   Insert the amount LENGTH of horizontal space.  The LENGTH can be
+positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is like
+backspacing.  It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or
+'minus' component, or both (*note Lengths::).  Because the space is
+stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
 
    This makes a line with 'Name:' an inch from the right margin.
 
      \noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
 
-   The '*'-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable.  More
+   The '*'-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable.  More
 precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white space--glues
-and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded.  The '*'-version
-avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in
-front of the space).
+and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded.  The '*'-form avoids
+that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in front of
+the space).
 
    In this example
 
@@ -11978,11 +11991,11 @@
 * Menu:
 
 * \@::              Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
-* \frenchspacing::   Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+* \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing::   Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
 * \normalsfcodes::   Restore space factor settings to the default.
 
 
-File: latex2e.info,  Node: \@,  Next: \frenchspacing,  Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \@,  Next: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing,  Up: \spacefactor
 
 19.5.1 '\@'
 -----------
@@ -12031,20 +12044,21 @@
 in the last one that the '\@' comes before the closing parenthesis).
 
 
-File: latex2e.info,  Node: \frenchspacing,  Next: \normalsfcodes,  Prev: \@,  Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing,  Next: \normalsfcodes,  Prev: \@,  Up: \spacefactor
 
-19.5.2 '\frenchspacing'
------------------------
+19.5.2 '\frenchspacing' & '\nonfrenchspacing'
+---------------------------------------------
 
 Synopsis, one of:
 
      \frenchspacing
      \nonfrenchspacing
 
-   The first declaration causes LaTeX to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(*note \spacefactor::); this is the default.
+   The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence.  The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more (*note
+\spacefactor::).
 
    Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
 space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -12054,7 +12068,7 @@
 treated equally.
 
 
-File: latex2e.info,  Node: \normalsfcodes,  Prev: \frenchspacing,  Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \normalsfcodes,  Prev: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing,  Up: \spacefactor
 
 19.5.3 '\normalsfcodes'
 -----------------------
@@ -12063,7 +12077,7 @@
 
      \normalsfcodes
 
-   Reset the LaTeX space factor values to the default (*note
+   Reset the LaTeX space factors to the default values (*note
 \spacefactor::).
 
 
@@ -12073,9 +12087,10 @@
 ==========================
 
 This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space.  Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.
+Synopsis:
 
-     \
+     \ 
 
    Produce a space.  By default it produces white space of length
 3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -12083,29 +12098,31 @@
    When you type one or more blanks between words, LaTeX produces white
 space.  But that is different than an explicit space.  This illustrates.
 
-     \begin{tabular}{l}
-     One blank: makes some space \\
-     Three blanks:   in a row \\
-     Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+     \begin{tabular}{rl}
+     One blank:& makes some space \\
+     Three blanks:&   in a row \\
+     Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
      \end{tabular}
 
 On the first line LaTeX puts some space after the colon.  On the second
 line LaTeX collapses the three blanks to output one whitespace, so you
 end with the same space after the colon as in the first line.  LaTeX
-would similarly collapse a blank followed by a tab, or a blank and a
-newline and a blank.  However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
-the white area is wider.  That is, the backslash-space command creates a
-fixed amount of horizontal space.  (Note that you can define a
-horizontal space of any width at all with '\hspace'; see *note
-\hspace::.)
+would similarly collapse them to a single whitespace if one, two or all
+of the three blanks were replaced by a tab, or by a newline.  However,
+the bottom line asks for three spaces so the white area is wider.  That
+is, the backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal
+space.  (Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all
+with '\hspace'; see *note \hspace::.)
 
    The backslash-space command has two main uses.  It is often used
-after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that
-follows, as in '\TeX\ is nice'.  (But using curly parentheses, as in
-'\TeX{} is best', has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.)  The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in 'So says
-Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)' (*note \@::).
+after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that
+follows, as after '\TeX' in '\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)'.  (But using curly
+braces has the advantage of still working whether the next character is
+a blank or any other non-letter, as in '\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})' in which
+'{}' can be added after '\LaTeX' as well as after '\TeX'.)  The other
+common use is that it marks a period as ending an abbreviation instead
+of ending a sentence, as in 'Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)'
+(*note \@::).
 
    Under normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent
 to backslash-space, '\ '.
@@ -12199,10 +12216,11 @@
 three dots and/or four dots are plenty).  Another style-specific use is
 between initials, as in 'D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth'.
 
-   LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands (*note Spacing
-in math mode::).  With 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
-they can be used in text mode as well as math mode, including '\!' for
-'\negthinspace'; before that, they were available only in math mode.
+   LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(*note Spacing in math mode::).  With the 'amsmath' package, or as of
+the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as well as
+math mode, including '\!' for '\negthinspace'; but otherwise, they are
+available only in math mode.
 
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \/,  Next: \hrulefill & \dotfill,  Prev: \thinspace & \negthinspace,  Up: Spaces
@@ -12245,9 +12263,9 @@
 include italic correction values even for italic fonts.
 
    Technically, LaTeX uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to possibly
-insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to particular
-font commands.
+"slant parameter" (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to
+possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+particular font commands.
 
    There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing
 is done in a different way.
@@ -12400,7 +12418,7 @@
 and depth at least '0.3\baselineskip'.  Essentially, LaTeX inserts into
 the line a rectangle having zero width,
 '\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}' (*note \rule::).  The
-'\baselineskip' changes with the current font and fontsize.
+'\baselineskip' changes with the current font or fontsize.
 
    In this example the '\strut' keeps the box inside the frame from
 having zero height.
@@ -12442,11 +12460,11 @@
      \end{enumerate}
      \end{minipage}%
 
-The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening.  The third
-list's '\parbox' goes only to the bottom of its second 'test', which
-happens not have any characters that descend below the baseline.  The
-fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra below-baseline
-space.
+The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening.  The first
+item '\parbox' of the third list goes only to the bottom of its second
+'test', which happens not have any characters that descend below the
+baseline.  The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra
+below-baseline space.
 
    The '\strut' command is often useful in graphics, such as in 'TikZ'
 or 'Asymptote'.  For instance, you may have a command such as
@@ -12469,10 +12487,10 @@
      \end{tabular}
 
 (Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won't work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like '\\[2.5ex]' will
-put the room between the header line and the '\hline', and the integral
-would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won't
+solve this issue.  Changing the first double backslash to something like
+'\\[2.5ex]' will put more room between the header line and the '\hline'
+rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
 
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \vspace,  Next: \vfill,  Prev: \strut,  Up: Spaces
@@ -12499,9 +12517,9 @@
 (*Note \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip::, for common inter-paragraph
 spaces.)
 
-   The '*'-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable.  More
+   The '*'-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable.  More
 precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
-'*'-version causes the space to stay.  This example leaves space between
+'*'-form causes the space to stay.  This example leaves space between
 the two questions.
 
      Question: Find the integral of \( 5x^4+5 \).
@@ -12576,10 +12594,11 @@
 VERT-LENGTH's in that sequence.  This command is fragile (*note
 \protect::).  The VERT-LENGTH is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
 
-   This example illustrates.  The 'picture' draws a scale.  In a
-standard LaTeX article the length '\baselineskip' is 12pt.  The two
-rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt
-from the first 'addvspace'.
+   This example illustrates.  The 'picture' draws a scale over which to
+rules are placed.  In a standard LaTeX article the length
+'\baselineskip' is 12pt.  As shown by the scale, the two rules are 22pt
+apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt from the first
+'\addvspace'.
 
      \documentclass{article}
      \usepackage{color}
@@ -17339,7 +17358,8 @@
                                                               (line   6)
 * [...] for optional arguments:          LaTeX command syntax.
                                                               (line   6)
-* \ (backslash-space):                   \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \  (backslash-space):                  \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \  (backslash-space) <1>:              \(SPACE).            (line   6)
 * \ character starting commands:         LaTeX command syntax.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \!:                                    Spacing in math mode.
@@ -17721,7 +17741,8 @@
 * \frame:                                \frame.              (line   6)
 * \framebox:                             \framebox (picture). (line   6)
 * \framebox <1>:                         \fbox & \framebox.   (line   6)
-* \frenchspacing:                        \frenchspacing.      (line   6)
+* \frenchspacing:                        \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * \frontmatter:                          \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \frown:                                Math symbols.        (line 221)
@@ -18010,7 +18031,7 @@
 * \newglossaryentry:                     \newglossaryentry.   (line   6)
 * \newlength:                            \newlength.          (line   6)
 * \newline:                              \newline.            (line   6)
-* \NEWLINE:                              \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \<NEWLINE>:                            \(SPACE).            (line   6)
 * \newpage:                              \newpage.            (line   6)
 * \newsavebox:                           \newsavebox.         (line   6)
 * \newtheorem:                           \newtheorem.         (line   6)
@@ -18028,7 +18049,8 @@
 * \noindent:                             \indent & \noindent. (line   6)
 * \nolinebreak:                          \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
                                                               (line   6)
-* \nonfrenchspacing:                     \frenchspacing.      (line   6)
+* \nonfrenchspacing:                     \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * \nonumber:                             eqnarray.            (line  41)
 * \nopagebreak:                          \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -18279,8 +18301,8 @@
 * \smallskipamount:                      \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
                                                               (line  39)
 * \smile:                                Math symbols.        (line 646)
-* \SPACE:                                \(SPACE).            (line   6)
-* \SPACE <1>:                            \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \<SPACE>:                              \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \<SPACE> <1>:                          \(SPACE).            (line   6)
 * \spacefactor:                          \spacefactor.        (line  10)
 * \spadesuit:                            Math symbols.        (line 649)
 * \sqcap:                                Math symbols.        (line 652)
@@ -18323,7 +18345,7 @@
 * \symbol:                               Symbols by font position.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \t (tie-after accent):                 Accents.             (line  83)
-* \TAB:                                  \(SPACE).            (line   6)
+* \<TAB>:                                \(SPACE).            (line   6)
 * \tabbingsep:                           tabbing.             (line 121)
 * \tabcolsep:                            tabular.             (line 172)
 * \tableofcontents:                      Table of contents etc..
@@ -18599,11 +18621,13 @@
 * amsmath package <10>:                  Spacing in math mode.
                                                               (line  23)
 * amsmath package <11>:                  \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
-                                                              (line  54)
+                                                              (line  56)
 * amsmath package <12>:                  Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  15)
 * amsmath package <13>:                  Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  19)
+* amsmath package <14>:                  \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+                                                              (line  26)
 * amsmath package, replacing eqnarray:   eqnarray.            (line   6)
 * amsthm package:                        theorem.             (line  28)
 * amsthm package <1>:                    \rule.               (line  18)
@@ -18959,7 +18983,7 @@
 * enumitem package:                      itemize.             (line  66)
 * enumitem package <1>:                  list.                (line 254)
 * environment:                           Starting and ending. (line  25)
-* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes.         (line  36)
+* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes.         (line  47)
 * environment, abstract:                 abstract.            (line   6)
 * environment, array:                    array.               (line   6)
 * environment, center:                   center.              (line   6)
@@ -19416,7 +19440,7 @@
                                                               (line  45)
 * mathtools package <4>:                 \smash.              (line  61)
 * mathtools package <5>:                 \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
-                                                              (line  46)
+                                                              (line  48)
 * MetaPost package:                      \line.               (line  36)
 * mfirstuc package:                      Upper and lower case.
                                                               (line  46)
@@ -19549,11 +19573,13 @@
 * package, amsmath <10>:                 Spacing in math mode.
                                                               (line  23)
 * package, amsmath <11>:                 \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
-                                                              (line  54)
+                                                              (line  56)
 * package, amsmath <12>:                 Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  15)
 * package, amsmath <13>:                 Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  19)
+* package, amsmath <14>:                 \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+                                                              (line  26)
 * package, amsthm:                       theorem.             (line  28)
 * package, amsthm <1>:                   \rule.               (line  18)
 * package, answers:                      \write.              (line 100)
@@ -19636,7 +19662,7 @@
                                                               (line  45)
 * package, mathtools <4>:                \smash.              (line  61)
 * package, mathtools <5>:                \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
-                                                              (line  46)
+                                                              (line  48)
 * package, MetaPost:                     \line.               (line  36)
 * package, mfirstuc:                     Upper and lower case.
                                                               (line  46)
@@ -19907,7 +19933,8 @@
 * spaces, ignore around commands <1>:    xspace package.      (line   6)
 * spacing within math mode:              Spacing in math mode.
                                                               (line   6)
-* spacing, inter-sentence:               \frenchspacing.      (line   6)
+* spacing, inter-sentence:               \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * spacing, inter-sentence <1>:           \normalsfcodes.      (line   6)
 * spacing, math mode:                    \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -20187,499 +20214,500 @@
 Node: \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent63276
 Node: Font styles64484
 Node: Font sizes68714
-Node: Low-level font commands70939
-Ref: low level font commands fontencoding71223
-Ref: low level font commands fontfamily71779
-Ref: low level font commands fontseries72542
-Ref: low level font commands fontshape73694
-Ref: low level font commands fontsize73991
-Ref: low level font commands linespread74568
-Ref: low level font commands selectfont74818
-Ref: low level font commands usefont75144
-Node: Layout75387
-Node: \onecolumn75953
-Node: \twocolumn76312
-Ref: twocolumn columnsep76935
-Ref: twocolumn columnseprule77179
-Ref: twocolumn columnwidth77479
-Ref: twocolumn dbltopfraction78062
-Ref: twocolumn dblfloatpagefraction79028
-Ref: twocolumn dblfloatsep79266
-Ref: twocolumn dbltextfloatsep79575
-Ref: twocolumn dbltopnumber79755
-Node: \flushbottom80704
-Node: \raggedbottom81804
-Node: Page layout parameters82340
-Ref: page layout parameters columnsep82569
-Ref: page layout parameters columnseprule82569
-Ref: page layout parameters columnwidth82569
-Ref: page layout parameters headheight82823
-Ref: page layout parameters headsep82990
-Ref: page layout parameters footskip83302
-Ref: page layout parameters linewidth83636
-Ref: page layout parameters marginparpush83989
-Ref: page layout parameters marginsep83989
-Ref: page layout parameters marginparwidth83989
-Ref: page layout parameters oddsidemargin85029
-Ref: page layout parameters evensidemargin85029
-Ref: page layout parameters paperheight85574
-Ref: page layout parameters paperwidth85800
-Ref: page layout parameters textheight86024
-Ref: page layout parameters textwidth86413
-Ref: page layout parameters hsize87351
-Ref: page layout parameters topmargin87548
-Ref: page layout parameters topskip87852
-Node: \baselineskip & \baselinestretch88068
-Node: Floats93061
-Ref: floats bottomfraction97399
-Ref: floats floatpagefraction97526
-Ref: floats textfraction97637
-Ref: floats topfraction97839
-Ref: floats floatsep98091
-Ref: floats intextsep98201
-Ref: floats textfloatsep98416
-Ref: floats bottomnumber98680
-Ref: floats dbltopnumber98788
-Ref: floats topnumber98907
-Ref: floats totalnumber99011
-Node: Sectioning99553
-Ref: sectioning secnumdepth102662
-Ref: Sectioning/secnumdepth102662
-Ref: sectioning tocdepth103288
-Ref: Sectioning/tocdepth103288
-Node: \part104328
-Node: \chapter106505
-Node: \section110278
-Node: \subsection113545
-Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph116259
-Node: \appendix118916
-Node: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter120209
-Node: \@startsection121618
-Ref: startsection name123107
-Ref: \@startsection/name123107
-Ref: startsection level123561
-Ref: \@startsection/level123561
-Ref: startsection indent124442
-Ref: \@startsection/indent124442
-Ref: startsection beforeskip124705
-Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip124705
-Ref: startsection afterskip126226
-Ref: \@startsection/afterskip126226
-Ref: startsection style127537
-Ref: \@startsection/style127537
-Node: Cross references131238
-Node: \label133387
-Node: \pageref135207
-Node: \ref135997
-Node: xr package136992
-Node: Environments138826
-Node: abstract140828
-Node: array142417
-Node: center145309
-Node: \centering147062
-Node: description148559
-Node: displaymath150776
-Node: document152472
-Node: \AtBeginDocument152902
-Node: \AtEndDocument153526
-Node: enumerate154170
-Ref: enumerate enumi156033
-Ref: enumerate enumii156033
-Ref: enumerate enumiii156033
-Ref: enumerate enumiv156033
-Ref: enumerate labelenumi156431
-Ref: enumerate labelenumii156431
-Ref: enumerate labelenumiii156431
-Ref: enumerate labelenumiv156431
-Node: eqnarray156970
-Node: equation158966
-Node: figure159634
-Node: filecontents161788
-Node: flushleft163697
-Node: \raggedright164724
-Node: flushright165922
-Node: \raggedleft166746
-Node: itemize167617
-Ref: itemize labelitemi169165
-Ref: itemize labelitemii169165
-Ref: itemize labelitemiii169165
-Ref: itemize labelitemiv169165
-Ref: itemize leftmargin169824
-Ref: itemize leftmargini169824
-Ref: itemize leftmarginii169824
-Ref: itemize leftmarginiii169824
-Ref: itemize leftmarginiv169824
-Ref: itemize leftmarginv169824
-Ref: itemize leftmarginvi169824
-Node: letter171306
-Node: list171544
-Ref: list makelabel173991
-Ref: list itemindent175376
-Ref: list itemsep175513
-Ref: list labelsep176166
-Ref: list labelwidth176329
-Ref: list leftmargin177340
-Ref: list listparindent178193
-Ref: list parsep178424
-Ref: list partopsep178892
-Ref: list rightmargin179690
-Ref: list topsep179875
-Ref: list beginparpenalty183450
-Ref: list itempenalty183549
-Ref: list endparpenalty183653
-Node: \item184524
-Node: trivlist185770
-Node: math187298
-Node: minipage187604
-Node: picture193169
-Node: \put199399
-Node: \multiput199964
-Node: \qbezier200703
-Node: \graphpaper202176
-Node: \line202970
-Node: \linethickness204944
-Node: \thinlines205393
-Node: \thicklines205804
-Node: \circle206188
-Node: \oval206730
-Node: \shortstack207706
-Node: \vector209103
-Node: \makebox (picture)210017
-Node: \framebox (picture)211199
-Node: \frame212672
-Node: \dashbox213112
-Node: quotation & quote214247
-Node: tabbing215143
-Node: table221046
-Node: tabular223110
-Ref: tabular arrayrulewidth229447
-Ref: tabular arraystrech229687
-Ref: tabular doublerulesep229908
-Ref: tabular tabcolsep230044
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-Node: \hline236542
-Node: thebibliography237224
-Node: \bibitem239707
-Node: \cite242009
-Node: \nocite243877
-Node: Using BibTeX244385
-Node: theorem246556
-Node: titlepage247478
-Node: verbatim248761
-Node: \verb250574
-Node: verse252667
-Node: Line breaking253894
-Node: \\255260
-Node: \obeycr & \restorecr257690
-Node: \newline258501
-Node: \- (hyphenation)259530
-Node: \discretionary261168
-Node: \fussy & \sloppy262056
-Node: sloppypar262839
-Node: \hyphenation263985
-Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak264579
-Node: Page breaking265727
-Node: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage267757
-Node: \newpage269277
-Node: \enlargethispage270575
-Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak271531
-Node: Footnotes273502
-Node: \footnote274648
-Ref: footnote footnoterule275916
-Ref: footnote footnotesep276527
-Node: \footnotemark277593
-Node: \footnotetext279932
-Node: Footnotes in section headings280534
-Node: Footnotes in a table281367
-Node: Footnotes of footnotes284289
-Node: Definitions284993
-Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand286040
-Node: \providecommand291380
-Node: \makeatletter & \makeatother292545
-Node: \@ifstar294647
-Node: \newcounter298132
-Node: \newlength299852
-Node: \newsavebox300674
-Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment301653
-Node: \newtheorem306977
-Node: \newfont310549
-Node: \protect311782
-Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend314170
-Node: xspace package316851
-Node: Counters318916
-Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol320617
-Node: \usecounter323242
-Node: \value324101
-Node: \setcounter325154
-Node: \addtocounter325750
-Node: \refstepcounter326204
-Node: \stepcounter326873
-Node: \day & \month & \year327426
-Node: Lengths328237
-Node: Units of length332825
-Ref: units of length pt333028
-Ref: units of length pc333128
-Ref: units of length in333151
-Ref: units of length bp333177
-Ref: units of length cm333308
-Ref: units of length mm333330
-Ref: units of length dd333352
-Ref: units of length cc333384
-Ref: units of length sp333409
-Ref: Lengths/em333440
-Ref: Lengths/en333440
-Ref: Lengths/ex333440
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-Ref: units of length en333440
-Ref: units of length ex333440
-Node: \setlength334296
-Node: \addtolength335381
-Node: \settodepth336456
-Node: \settoheight337334
-Node: \settowidth338227
-Node: \stretch339112
-Node: Expressions340314
-Node: Making paragraphs345096
-Node: \par346867
-Node: \indent & \noindent348814
-Node: \parindent & \parskip350349
-Node: Marginal notes351656
-Ref: marginal notes marginparpush353052
-Ref: marginal notes marginparsep353226
-Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth353358
-Node: Math formulas353707
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts356755
-Node: Math symbols358916
-Node: Arrows382687
-Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath383875
-Node: Blackboard bold385394
-Node: Calligraphic386196
-Node: Delimiters386727
-Node: \left & \right388915
-Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.392923
-Node: Dots395676
-Ref: ellipses cdots396107
-Ref: ellipses ddots396252
-Ref: ellipses ldots396333
-Ref: ellipses vdots396750
-Node: Greek letters397934
-Node: Math functions399613
-Node: Math accents401257
-Node: Over- and Underlining402156
-Node: Spacing in math mode403983
-Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace404914
-Ref: spacing in math mode medspace405365
-Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace405821
-Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace405821
-Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace406302
-Ref: spacing in math mode quad406675
-Ref: spacing in math mode qquad406931
-Node: \smash407269
-Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom409486
-Node: \mathstrut412033
-Node: Math styles412995
-Node: Math miscellany415735
-Node: Colon character & \colon416232
-Node: \*416925
-Node: \frac417505
-Node: \sqrt417876
-Node: \stackrel418462
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-Ref: modes paragraph mode419185
-Ref: modes lr mode419381
-Ref: modes math mode419987
-Ref: modes vertical mode420322
-Ref: modes internal vertical mode420493
-Ref: modes inner paragraph mode420966
-Ref: modes outer paragraph mode420966
-Node: \ensuremath421380
-Node: Page styles422085
-Node: \maketitle422848
-Node: \pagenumbering425866
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-Node: \thispagestyle431356
-Node: Spaces432310
-Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad433630
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-Node: \hfill436383
-Node: \hss437447
-Node: \spacefactor438141
-Node: \@441528
-Ref: \AT441628
-Node: \frenchspacing443568
-Node: \normalsfcodes444403
-Node: \(SPACE)444650
-Node: ~446440
-Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace449017
-Node: \/450188
-Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill452144
-Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip453500
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-Ref: medskip454522
-Ref: smallskip454731
-Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak455392
-Node: \strut456378
-Node: \vspace459573
-Node: \vfill461137
-Node: \addvspace462065
-Node: Boxes464061
-Node: \mbox & \makebox464767
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-Ref: mbox makebox height466035
-Ref: mbox makebox width466035
-Ref: mbox makebox totalheight466035
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-Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep469634
-Node: \parbox470724
-Node: \raisebox473030
-Ref: raisebox depth474003
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-Ref: raisebox width474003
-Ref: raisebox totalheight474003
-Node: \sbox & \savebox474704
-Node: lrbox477766
-Node: \usebox478652
-Node: Color479091
-Node: Color package options479890
-Node: Color models481536
-Ref: color models cmyk482333
-Ref: color models gray482696
-Ref: color models rgb482845
-Ref: color models RGB483182
-Ref: color models named483557
-Node: Commands for color483845
-Node: Define colors484260
-Node: Colored text484985
-Node: Colored boxes487382
-Node: Colored pages488771
-Node: Graphics489464
-Node: Graphics package options491591
-Node: Graphics package configuration494344
-Node: \graphicspath495146
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions498104
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule499922
-Node: Commands for graphics503103
-Node: \includegraphics503608
-Ref: includegraphics width508671
-Ref: includegraphics height509204
-Ref: includegraphics totalheight509610
-Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio509874
-Ref: includegraphics viewport511560
-Ref: includegraphics trim511955
-Ref: includegraphics clip512411
-Ref: includegraphics page512671
-Ref: includegraphics pagebox512762
-Ref: includegraphics interpolate513627
-Ref: includegraphics quiet513832
-Ref: includegraphics draft513993
-Ref: includegraphics bb514798
-Ref: includegraphics bbllx515196
-Ref: includegraphics bblly515196
-Ref: includegraphics bburx515196
-Ref: includegraphics bbury515196
-Ref: includegraphics natwidth515338
-Ref: includegraphics natheight515338
-Ref: includegraphics hiresbb515524
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-Ref: includegraphics ext516326
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-Node: \rotatebox516792
-Node: \scalebox519646
-Node: \resizebox520702
-Node: Special insertions521894
-Node: Reserved characters522762
-Node: Upper and lower case524022
-Node: Symbols by font position526408
-Node: Text symbols527087
-Node: Accents532071
-Node: \accent534224
-Node: Additional Latin letters535986
-Ref: Non-English characters536168
-Node: inputenc package537187
-Node: \rule539737
-Node: \today540925
-Node: Splitting the input541861
-Node: \endinput543603
-Node: \include & \includeonly544906
-Node: \input549203
-Node: Front/back matter550418
-Node: Table of contents etc.550751
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-Node: \index568330
-Node: makeindex573435
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-Ref: makeindex postamble575243
-Ref: makeindex group skip575328
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-Ref: makeindex lethead suffix576274
-Ref: makeindex item 0576422
-Ref: makeindex item 1576502
-Ref: makeindex item 2576577
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-Ref: makeindex item 12576965
-Ref: makeindex item x2577073
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-Ref: makeindex delim 1577363
-Ref: makeindex delim 2577493
-Ref: makeindex delim n577619
-Ref: makeindex delim r577754
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-Node: \cc588442
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-Node: \signature593004
-Node: \telephone594232
-Node: Input/output594597
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-Node: \typein599257
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-Ref: output directory617333
-Node: Command line input619032
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-Node: Recovering from errors624205
-Node: Document templates625633
-Node: beamer template626067
-Node: article template626709
-Node: book template627172
-Node: Larger book template627651
-Node: Index629193
-Ref: Command Index629279
+Node: Low-level font commands71591
+Ref: low level font commands fontencoding71875
+Ref: low level font commands fontfamily72431
+Ref: low level font commands fontseries73194
+Ref: low level font commands fontshape74346
+Ref: low level font commands fontsize74643
+Ref: low level font commands linespread75220
+Ref: low level font commands selectfont75470
+Ref: low level font commands usefont75796
+Node: Layout76039
+Node: \onecolumn76605
+Node: \twocolumn76964
+Ref: twocolumn columnsep77587
+Ref: twocolumn columnseprule77831
+Ref: twocolumn columnwidth78131
+Ref: twocolumn dbltopfraction78714
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+Ref: twocolumn dbltopnumber80407
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+Node: \raggedbottom82456
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+Ref: page layout parameters columnseprule83221
+Ref: page layout parameters columnwidth83221
+Ref: page layout parameters headheight83475
+Ref: page layout parameters headsep83642
+Ref: page layout parameters footskip83954
+Ref: page layout parameters linewidth84288
+Ref: page layout parameters marginparpush84641
+Ref: page layout parameters marginsep84641
+Ref: page layout parameters marginparwidth84641
+Ref: page layout parameters oddsidemargin85681
+Ref: page layout parameters evensidemargin85681
+Ref: page layout parameters paperheight86226
+Ref: page layout parameters paperwidth86452
+Ref: page layout parameters textheight86676
+Ref: page layout parameters textwidth87065
+Ref: page layout parameters hsize88003
+Ref: page layout parameters topmargin88200
+Ref: page layout parameters topskip88504
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+Node: Floats93713
+Ref: floats bottomfraction98051
+Ref: floats floatpagefraction98178
+Ref: floats textfraction98289
+Ref: floats topfraction98491
+Ref: floats floatsep98743
+Ref: floats intextsep98853
+Ref: floats textfloatsep99068
+Ref: floats bottomnumber99332
+Ref: floats dbltopnumber99440
+Ref: floats topnumber99559
+Ref: floats totalnumber99663
+Node: Sectioning100205
+Ref: sectioning secnumdepth103314
+Ref: Sectioning/secnumdepth103314
+Ref: sectioning tocdepth103940
+Ref: Sectioning/tocdepth103940
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+Node: \chapter107157
+Node: \section110930
+Node: \subsection114197
+Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph116911
+Node: \appendix119568
+Node: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter120861
+Node: \@startsection122270
+Ref: startsection name123759
+Ref: \@startsection/name123759
+Ref: startsection level124213
+Ref: \@startsection/level124213
+Ref: startsection indent125094
+Ref: \@startsection/indent125094
+Ref: startsection beforeskip125357
+Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip125357
+Ref: startsection afterskip126878
+Ref: \@startsection/afterskip126878
+Ref: startsection style128189
+Ref: \@startsection/style128189
+Node: Cross references131890
+Node: \label134039
+Node: \pageref135859
+Node: \ref136649
+Node: xr package137644
+Node: Environments139478
+Node: abstract141480
+Node: array143069
+Node: center145961
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+Node: displaymath151428
+Node: document153124
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+Node: enumerate154822
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+Ref: enumerate enumii156685
+Ref: enumerate enumiii156685
+Ref: enumerate enumiv156685
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+Ref: enumerate labelenumii157083
+Ref: enumerate labelenumiii157083
+Ref: enumerate labelenumiv157083
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+Node: equation159618
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+Node: filecontents162440
+Node: flushleft164349
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+Ref: itemize labelitemi169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemii169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemiii169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemiv169817
+Ref: itemize leftmargin170476
+Ref: itemize leftmargini170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginii170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginiii170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginiv170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginv170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginvi170476
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+Node: list172196
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+Ref: list itemsep176165
+Ref: list labelsep176818
+Ref: list labelwidth176981
+Ref: list leftmargin177992
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+Ref: list parsep179076
+Ref: list partopsep179544
+Ref: list rightmargin180342
+Ref: list topsep180527
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+Ref: list itempenalty184201
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+Node: \item185176
+Node: trivlist186422
+Node: math187950
+Node: minipage188256
+Node: picture193821
+Node: \put200051
+Node: \multiput200616
+Node: \qbezier201355
+Node: \graphpaper202828
+Node: \line203622
+Node: \linethickness205596
+Node: \thinlines206045
+Node: \thicklines206456
+Node: \circle206840
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+Node: \shortstack208358
+Node: \vector209755
+Node: \makebox (picture)210669
+Node: \framebox (picture)211851
+Node: \frame213324
+Node: \dashbox213764
+Node: quotation & quote214899
+Node: tabbing215795
+Node: table221698
+Node: tabular223762
+Ref: tabular arrayrulewidth230099
+Ref: tabular arraystrech230339
+Ref: tabular doublerulesep230560
+Ref: tabular tabcolsep230696
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+Node: \vline235093
+Node: \cline236484
+Node: \hline237194
+Node: thebibliography237876
+Node: \bibitem240359
+Node: \cite242661
+Node: \nocite244529
+Node: Using BibTeX245037
+Node: theorem247208
+Node: titlepage248130
+Node: verbatim249413
+Node: \verb251226
+Node: verse253319
+Node: Line breaking254546
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+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr258342
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+Node: \- (hyphenation)260182
+Node: \discretionary261820
+Node: \fussy & \sloppy262708
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+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak265231
+Node: Page breaking266379
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+Node: \enlargethispage271227
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+Node: Footnotes274154
+Node: \footnote275300
+Ref: footnote footnoterule276568
+Ref: footnote footnotesep277179
+Node: \footnotemark278245
+Node: \footnotetext280584
+Node: Footnotes in section headings281186
+Node: Footnotes in a table282019
+Node: Footnotes of footnotes284941
+Node: Definitions285645
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand286692
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+Node: \addtocounter326402
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+Node: \stepcounter327525
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+Node: \indent & \noindent349466
+Node: \parindent & \parskip351001
+Node: Marginal notes352308
+Ref: marginal notes marginparpush353704
+Ref: marginal notes marginparsep353878
+Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth354010
+Node: Math formulas354359
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts357407
+Node: Math symbols359568
+Node: Arrows383339
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath384527
+Node: Blackboard bold386046
+Node: Calligraphic386848
+Node: Delimiters387379
+Node: \left & \right389567
+Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.393575
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+Node: Math functions400265
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+Node: Over- and Underlining402808
+Node: Spacing in math mode404635
+Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace405566
+Ref: spacing in math mode medspace406017
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace406473
+Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace406473
+Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace406954
+Ref: spacing in math mode quad407327
+Ref: spacing in math mode qquad407583
+Node: \smash407921
+Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom410138
+Node: \mathstrut412712
+Node: Math styles413674
+Node: Math miscellany416414
+Node: Colon character & \colon416911
+Node: \*417604
+Node: \frac418184
+Node: \sqrt418555
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+Node: Modes419414
+Ref: modes paragraph mode419864
+Ref: modes lr mode420060
+Ref: modes math mode420666
+Ref: modes vertical mode421001
+Ref: modes internal vertical mode421172
+Ref: modes inner paragraph mode421645
+Ref: modes outer paragraph mode421645
+Node: \ensuremath422059
+Node: Page styles422764
+Node: \maketitle423527
+Node: \pagenumbering426545
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+Node: Spaces432989
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+Node: \hspace435224
+Node: \hfill437081
+Node: \hss438145
+Node: \spacefactor438839
+Node: \@442246
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+Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing444306
+Ref: \frenchspacing444424
+Node: \normalsfcodes445226
+Node: \(SPACE)445494
+Node: ~447434
+Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace450011
+Node: \/451209
+Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill453167
+Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip454523
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+Ref: medskip455545
+Ref: smallskip455754
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+Node: \strut457401
+Node: \vspace460638
+Node: \vfill462199
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+Node: Boxes465173
+Node: \mbox & \makebox465879
+Ref: mbox makebox depth467147
+Ref: mbox makebox height467147
+Ref: mbox makebox width467147
+Ref: mbox makebox totalheight467147
+Node: \fbox & \framebox469242
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule470556
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep470746
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+Node: \raisebox474142
+Ref: raisebox depth475115
+Ref: raisebox height475115
+Ref: raisebox width475115
+Ref: raisebox totalheight475115
+Node: \sbox & \savebox475816
+Node: lrbox478878
+Node: \usebox479764
+Node: Color480203
+Node: Color package options481002
+Node: Color models482648
+Ref: color models cmyk483445
+Ref: color models gray483808
+Ref: color models rgb483957
+Ref: color models RGB484294
+Ref: color models named484669
+Node: Commands for color484957
+Node: Define colors485372
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+Node: Colored boxes488494
+Node: Colored pages489883
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+Node: Graphics package configuration495456
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+Node: Commands for graphics504215
+Node: \includegraphics504720
+Ref: includegraphics width509783
+Ref: includegraphics height510316
+Ref: includegraphics totalheight510722
+Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio510986
+Ref: includegraphics viewport512672
+Ref: includegraphics trim513067
+Ref: includegraphics clip513523
+Ref: includegraphics page513783
+Ref: includegraphics pagebox513874
+Ref: includegraphics interpolate514739
+Ref: includegraphics quiet514944
+Ref: includegraphics draft515105
+Ref: includegraphics bb515910
+Ref: includegraphics bbllx516308
+Ref: includegraphics bblly516308
+Ref: includegraphics bburx516308
+Ref: includegraphics bbury516308
+Ref: includegraphics natwidth516450
+Ref: includegraphics natheight516450
+Ref: includegraphics hiresbb516636
+Ref: includegraphics type517398
+Ref: includegraphics ext517438
+Ref: includegraphics read517541
+Ref: includegraphics command517658
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+Node: Upper and lower case525134
+Node: Symbols by font position527520
+Node: Text symbols528199
+Node: Accents533183
+Node: \accent535336
+Node: Additional Latin letters537098
+Ref: Non-English characters537280
+Node: inputenc package538299
+Node: \rule540849
+Node: \today542037
+Node: Splitting the input542973
+Node: \endinput544715
+Node: \include & \includeonly546018
+Node: \input550315
+Node: Front/back matter551530
+Node: Table of contents etc.551863
+Node: \@dottedtocline557568
+Node: \addcontentsline559114
+Node: \addtocontents561992
+Node: \contentsline564209
+Node: \nofiles565902
+Node: \numberline566653
+Node: Indexes567768
+Node: \index569442
+Node: makeindex574547
+Ref: makeindex preamble576215
+Ref: makeindex postamble576355
+Ref: makeindex group skip576440
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag576773
+Ref: makeindex lethead prefix577234
+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix577386
+Ref: makeindex item 0577534
+Ref: makeindex item 1577614
+Ref: makeindex item 2577689
+Ref: makeindex item 01577767
+Ref: makeindex item x1577872
+Ref: makeindex item 12578077
+Ref: makeindex item x2578185
+Ref: makeindex delim 0578345
+Ref: makeindex delim 1578475
+Ref: makeindex delim 2578605
+Ref: makeindex delim n578731
+Ref: makeindex delim r578866
+Ref: makeindex line max578974
+Ref: makeindex indent space579109
+Ref: makeindex indent length579204
+Ref: makeindex page precedence579389
+Node: \printindex580424
+Node: Glossaries580897
+Node: \newglossaryentry582864
+Node: \gls584331
+Node: Letters585125
+Node: \address588743
+Node: \cc589554
+Node: \closing589996
+Node: \encl590310
+Node: \location590724
+Node: \makelabels590988
+Node: \name593305
+Node: \opening593546
+Node: \ps593827
+Node: \signature594116
+Node: \telephone595344
+Node: Input/output595709
+Node: \openin & \openout596439
+Node: \read599182
+Node: \typein600369
+Node: \typeout601629
+Node: \write602679
+Node: \write and security607406
+Node: \message608350
+Node: \wlog610179
+Node: \write18610680
+Node: Command line interface614171
+Ref: Command line614335
+Node: Command line options616488
+Ref: interaction modes617491
+Ref: output directory618445
+Node: Command line input620144
+Node: Jobname622175
+Node: Recovering from errors625317
+Node: Document templates626745
+Node: beamer template627179
+Node: article template627821
+Node: book template628284
+Node: Larger book template628763
+Node: Index630305
+Ref: Command Index630391
 
 End Tag Table
 

Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)

Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi	2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi	2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -2332,6 +2332,18 @@
 style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
 in curly braces @code{@{\small This text is typeset in the small font.@}}.
 
+Trying to use these commands in math, as with @code{$\small mv^2/2$},
+results in @samp{LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode}, and the font size doesn't
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the @code{displaymath} environment (@pxref{Math formulas}), or
+one of the environments from the @file{amsmath} package.  For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like @code{@{\small $mv^2/2$@}}.  (Sometimes @code{\scriptsize} and
+ at code{\scriptstyle} are confused.  Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. @xref{Math styles}.)
+
 @cindex environment form of font size commands
 An @dfn{environment form} of each of these commands is also defined; for
 instance, @code{\begin@{tiny@}...\end@{tiny@}}. However, in practice
@@ -14022,11 +14034,13 @@
 The @code{\phantom} command creates a box with the same height, depth,
 and width as @var{subformula}, but empty.  That is, this command causes
 @LaTeX{} to typeset the space but not fill it with the material.  Here
- at LaTeX{} will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+ at LaTeX{} will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
 
 @example
-\fbox@{\phantom@{Conservatism is the blind and fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
-               --- Mark Twain@}@}
+\begin@{displaymath@}
+  \int x^2\,dx=\mbox@{\underline@{$\phantom@{(1/3)x^3+C@}$@}@} 
+\end@{displaymath@}
 @end example
 
 The @code{\vphantom} variant produces an invisible box with the same
@@ -15671,8 +15685,8 @@
 \begin@{tabular@}@{rl@}
   \textsc@{Integral@}   &\textsc@{Value@}           \\
   \hline
-  $\int_0^x t\, \mathrm@{d@}t$   &$x^2/2$  \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@} \\  
-  $\int_0^x t^2\, \mathrm@{d@}t$ &$x^3/3$  \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@}
+  $\int_0^x t\, dt$   &$x^2/2$  \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@} \\  
+  $\int_0^x t^2\, dt$ &$x^3/3$  \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@}
 \end@{tabular@}
 @end example
 



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