[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r950 - trunk
Jim Hefferon
INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Mon Aug 9 18:39:54 CEST 2021
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2021-08-09 16:39:54 +0000 (Mon, 09 Aug 2021)
New Revision: 950
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
add paragraph on the warning you get on using font size changing commands inside math
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2021-08-09 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+ * latex2e.texi (Font sizes): Add paragraph on using font size
+ commands in formulas.
+
2021-08-09 Vincent Bela\"iche <vincentb1 at users.sourceforge.net>
* latex2e.texi (\normalsfcodes): ``space factor values'' -> ``space factors''.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
<li><a id="toc-_005cspacefactor-1" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a id="toc-_005c_0040-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a></li>
<li><a id="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.6 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></a></li>
@@ -3017,6 +3017,18 @@
style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
in curly braces <code>{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}</code>.
</p>
+<p>Trying to use these commands in math, as with <code>$\small mv^2/2$</code>,
+results in ‘<samp>LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode</samp>’, and the font size doesn’t
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the <code>displaymath</code> environment (see <a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>), or
+one of the environments from the <samp>amsmath</samp> package. For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like <code>{\small $mv^2/2$}</code>. (Sometimes <code>\scriptsize</code> and
+<code>\scriptstyle</code> are confused. Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. See <a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a>.)
+</p>
<span id="index-environment-form-of-font-size-commands"></span>
<p>An <em>environment form</em> of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>. However, in practice
@@ -16266,11 +16278,13 @@
<p>The <code>\phantom</code> command creates a box with the same height, depth,
and width as <var>subformula</var>, but empty. That is, this command causes
LaTeX to typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here
-LaTeX will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+LaTeX will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain}}
+<pre class="example">\begin{displaymath}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+\end{displaymath}
</pre></div>
<p>The <code>\vphantom</code> variant produces an invisible box with the same
@@ -17214,11 +17228,12 @@
\hspace*{<var>length</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Insert the horizontal space <var>length</var>. The <var>length</var> can be
-positive, negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing.
-It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a <code>plus</code> or
-<code>minus</code> component, or both (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>). Because the space is
-stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called <em>glue</em>.
+<p>Insert the amount <var>length</var> of horizontal space. The <var>length</var> can
+be positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is
+like backspacing. It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a
+<code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component, or both (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
+Because the space is stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called
+<em>glue</em>.
</p>
<p>This makes a line with ‘<samp>Name:</samp>’ an inch from the right margin.
</p>
@@ -17226,10 +17241,10 @@
<pre class="example">\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>*</code>-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable.
-More precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white
+<p>The <code>*</code>-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
+precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white
space—glues and kerns—that come at a line break are discarded. The
-<code>*</code>-version avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
+<code>*</code>-form avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable
invisible item in front of the space).
</p>
<p>In this example
@@ -17419,7 +17434,7 @@
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="1">\@</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="2">\frenchspacing</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="2">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="3">\normalsfcodes</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Restore space factor settings to the default.
</td></tr>
@@ -17429,7 +17444,7 @@
<hr>
<span id="g_t_005c_0040"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<span id="g_t_005c_0040-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></h4>
@@ -17492,11 +17507,11 @@
</p>
<hr>
-<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></span><div class="header">
+<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></span><div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="n" rel="next">\normalsfcodes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\@</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></span><span id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code> & <code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></h4>
<span id="index-_005cfrenchspacing"></span>
<span id="index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></span>
@@ -17509,10 +17524,11 @@
\nonfrenchspacing
</pre></div>
-<p>The first declaration causes LaTeX to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>); this is the default.
+<p>The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>).
</p>
<p>Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -17525,7 +17541,7 @@
<hr>
<span id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<span id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></h4>
@@ -17538,7 +17554,7 @@
<pre class="example">\normalsfcodes
</pre></div>
-<p>Reset the LaTeX space factor values to the default
+<p>Reset the LaTeX space factors to the default values
(see <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a>).
</p>
@@ -17551,15 +17567,16 @@
<span id="index-_005cNEWLINE"></span>
<span id="index-_005cSPACE"></span>
-<span id="index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"></span>
<span id="index-_005cTAB"></span>
+<span id="index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029-1"></span>
<span id="index-_005cSPACE-1"></span>
<p>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.<br>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\
+<pre class="example">\ <!-- /@w -->
</pre></div>
<p>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
@@ -17569,30 +17586,33 @@
space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{l}
-One blank: makes some space \\
-Three blanks: in a row \\
-Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{rl}
+One blank:& makes some space \\
+Three blanks:& in a row \\
+Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
\end{tabular}
</pre></div>
<p>On the first line LaTeX puts some space after the colon. On the
second line LaTeX collapses the three blanks to output one
whitespace, so you end with the same space after the colon as in the
-first line. LaTeX would similarly collapse a blank followed by a
-tab, or a blank and a newline and a blank. However, the bottom line
-asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That is, the
-backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal space.
-(Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all with
-<code>\hspace</code>; see <a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a>.)
+first line. LaTeX would similarly collapse them to a single
+whitespace if one, two or all of the three blanks were replaced by a
+tab, or by a newline. However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
+the white area is wider. That is, the backslash-space command creates a
+fixed amount of horizontal space. (Note that you can define a
+horizontal space of any width at all with <code>\hspace</code>;
+see <a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a>.)
</p>
<p>The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used after
-control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that follows, as
-in <code>\TeX\ is nice</code>. (But using curly parentheses, as in
-<code>\TeX{} is best</code>, has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>So
-says Prof.\ Smith</code> or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
+control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that follows, as
+after <code>\TeX</code> in <code>\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)</code>. (But using curly braces
+has the advantage of still working whether the next character is a blank
+or any other non-letter, as in <code>\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})</code> in which
+<code>{}</code> can be added after <code>\LaTeX</code> as well as after
+<code>\TeX</code>.) The other common use is that it marks a period as ending
+an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>Prof.\ Smith</code>
+or <code>Jones et al.\ (1993)</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
</p>
<p>Under normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tt class="key">tab</tt> and <code>\</code><tt class="key">newline</tt>
are equivalent to backslash-space, <code>\ </code>.
@@ -17724,11 +17744,14 @@
style-specific use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\
Knuth</code>.
</p>
-<p>LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands
-(see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>). With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the
-2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as well as
-math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; before that,
-they were available only in math mode.
+<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-14"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-14"></span>
+
+<p>LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>). With the <samp>amsmath</samp> package, or as
+of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as
+well as math mode, including <code>\!</code> for <code>\negthinspace</code>; but
+otherwise, they are available only in math mode.
</p>
<hr>
<span id="g_t_005c_002f"></span><div class="header">
@@ -17782,8 +17805,8 @@
<span id="index-_005cfontdimen1"></span>
<span id="index-font-dimension_002c-slant"></span>
<p>Technically, LaTeX uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether to
-possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+<em>slant parameter</em> (namely <code>\fontdimen1</code>), to determine whether
+to possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
particular font commands.
</p>
<p>There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing is
@@ -17989,7 +18012,7 @@
and depth at least <code>0.3\baselineskip</code>. Essentially, LaTeX
inserts into the line a rectangle having zero width,
<code>\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a>).
-The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font and fontsize.
+The <code>\baselineskip</code> changes with the current font or fontsize.
</p>
<p>In this example the <code>\strut</code> keeps the box inside the frame from
having zero height.
@@ -18036,10 +18059,10 @@
</pre></div>
<p>The final two lists use <code>\fbox</code> to show what’s happening. The
-third list’s <code>\parbox</code> goes only to the bottom of its second
-‘<samp>test</samp>’, which happens not have any characters that descend below
-the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed
-extra below-baseline space.
+first item <code>\parbox</code> of the third list goes only to the bottom of
+its second ‘<samp>test</samp>’, which happens not have any characters that
+descend below the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives
+the needed extra below-baseline space.
</p>
<span id="index-package_002c-TikZ-1"></span>
<span id="index-TikZ-package-1"></span>
@@ -18069,10 +18092,10 @@
</pre></div>
<p>(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won’t work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like <code>\\[2.5ex]</code>
-will put the room between the header line and the <code>\hline</code>, and the
-integral would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won’t
+solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
+<code>\\[2.5ex]</code> will put more room between the header line and the
+<code>\hline</code> rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
</p>
<hr>
@@ -18109,9 +18132,9 @@
<p>(See <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>, for common inter-paragraph
spaces.)
</p>
-<p>The <code>*</code>-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
+<p>The <code>*</code>-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
-<code>*</code>-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
+<code>*</code>-form causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
between the two questions.
</p>
<div class="example">
@@ -18211,10 +18234,11 @@
(see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>). The <var>vert-length</var> is a rubber length
(see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
</p>
-<p>This example illustrates. The <code>picture</code> draws a scale. In a
-standard LaTeX article the length <code>\baselineskip</code> is 12pt.
-The two rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the
-<code>\baselineskip</code> and the 10pt from the first <code>addvspace</code>.
+<p>This example illustrates. The <code>picture</code> draws a scale over which
+to rules are placed. In a standard LaTeX article the length
+<code>\baselineskip</code> is 12pt. As shown by the scale, the two
+rules are 22pt apart: the sum of the <code>\baselineskip</code> and the
+10pt from the first <code>\addvspace</code>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\documentclass{article}
@@ -24992,7 +25016,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029">\ (backslash-space)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029">\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c--_0028backslash_002dspace_0029-1"><code>\ <!-- /@w --> (backslash-space)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0021"><code>\!</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\" <span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -25296,7 +25321,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframe"><code>\frame</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframe">\frame</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox & \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrontmatter"><code>\frontmatter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
@@ -25536,7 +25561,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewglossaryentry"><code>\newglossaryentry</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewlength"><code>\newlength</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewline"><code>\newline</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\NEWLINE</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\<tt class="key">NEWLINE</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewpage"><code>\newpage</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewsavebox"><code>\newsavebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewtheorem"><code>\newtheorem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
@@ -25551,7 +25576,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnofiles"><code>\nofiles</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnofiles">\nofiles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnoindent"><code>\noindent</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnolinebreak"><code>\nolinebreak</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnonumber"><code>\nonumber</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnopagebreak"><code>\nopagebreak</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnormalfont"><code>\normalfont</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -25750,8 +25775,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip"><code>\smallskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmallskipamount"><code>\smallskipamount</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmile"><code>\smile</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\SPACE</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\SPACE</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\<tt class="key">SPACE</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\<span class="key">SPACE</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cspacefactor"><code>\spacefactor</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cspadesuit"><code>\spadesuit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqcap"><code>\sqcap</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -25788,7 +25813,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cswarrow"><code>\swarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csymbol"><code>\symbol</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"><code>\t <span class="roman">(tie-after accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\TAB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\<tt class="key">TAB</tt></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctabbingsep"><code>\tabbingsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctabcolsep"><code>\tabcolsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
@@ -26041,6 +26066,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-13"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-14"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
@@ -26862,6 +26888,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-13"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-14"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>answers</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
@@ -27168,7 +27195,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands-1">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing-within-math-mode">spacing within math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode-1">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -1719,6 +1719,17 @@
end of the current group, so you could enclose it in curly braces
'{\small This text is typeset in the small font.}'.
+ Trying to use these commands in math, as with '$\small mv^2/2$',
+results in 'LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small invalid in math mode',
+and the font size doesn't change. To work with a too-large formula,
+often the best option is to use the 'displaymath' environment (*note
+Math formulas::), or one of the environments from the 'amsmath' package.
+For inline mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is
+something like '{\small $mv^2/2$}'. (Sometimes '\scriptsize' and
+'\scriptstyle' are confused. Both change the font size, but the latter
+also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is typset.
+*Note Math styles::.)
+
An "environment form" of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'. However, in practice this form
can easily lead to unwanted spaces at the beginning and/or end of the
@@ -11134,10 +11145,12 @@
The '\phantom' command creates a box with the same height, depth, and
width as SUBFORMULA, but empty. That is, this command causes LaTeX to
typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here LaTeX will
-put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer, but will not
+show that answer.
- \fbox{\phantom{Conservatism is the fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain}}
+ \begin{displaymath}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox{\underline{$\phantom{(1/3)x^3+C}$}}
+ \end{displaymath}
The '\vphantom' variant produces an invisible box with the same
vertical size as SUBFORMULA, the same height and depth, but having zero
@@ -11810,21 +11823,21 @@
\hspace{LENGTH}
\hspace*{LENGTH}
- Insert the horizontal space LENGTH. The LENGTH can be positive,
-negative, or zero; adding negative space is like backspacing. It is a
-rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or 'minus' component, or
-both (*note Lengths::). Because the space is stretchable and
-shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
+ Insert the amount LENGTH of horizontal space. The LENGTH can be
+positive, negative, or zero; adding a negative amount of space is like
+backspacing. It is a rubber length, that is, it may contain a 'plus' or
+'minus' component, or both (*note Lengths::). Because the space is
+stretchable and shrinkable, it is sometimes called "glue".
This makes a line with 'Name:' an inch from the right margin.
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][r]{Name:\hspace{1in}}
- The '*'-version inserts horizontal space that non-discardable. More
+ The '*'-form inserts horizontal space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines any white space--glues
-and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded. The '*'-version
-avoids that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in
-front of the space).
+and kerns--that come at a line break are discarded. The '*'-form avoids
+that (technically, it adds a non-discardable invisible item in front of
+the space).
In this example
@@ -11978,11 +11991,11 @@
* Menu:
* \@:: Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations.
-* \frenchspacing:: Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
+* \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing:: Equal interword and inter-sentence space.
* \normalsfcodes:: Restore space factor settings to the default.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \@, Next: \frenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \@, Next: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
19.5.1 '\@'
-----------
@@ -12031,20 +12044,21 @@
in the last one that the '\@' comes before the closing parenthesis).
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \frenchspacing, Next: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \@, Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing, Next: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \@, Up: \spacefactor
-19.5.2 '\frenchspacing'
------------------------
+19.5.2 '\frenchspacing' & '\nonfrenchspacing'
+---------------------------------------------
Synopsis, one of:
\frenchspacing
\nonfrenchspacing
- The first declaration causes LaTeX to treat spacing between sentences
-in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a sentence.
-The second causes spacing between sentences to stretch or shrink more
-(*note \spacefactor::); this is the default.
+ The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
+sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
+sentence. The second switches back to the default handling in which
+spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more (*note
+\spacefactor::).
Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
@@ -12054,7 +12068,7 @@
treated equally.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \frenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
19.5.3 '\normalsfcodes'
-----------------------
@@ -12063,7 +12077,7 @@
\normalsfcodes
- Reset the LaTeX space factor values to the default (*note
+ Reset the LaTeX space factors to the default values (*note
\spacefactor::).
@@ -12073,9 +12087,10 @@
==========================
This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space.
+Synopsis:
- \
+ \
Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt.
@@ -12083,29 +12098,31 @@
When you type one or more blanks between words, LaTeX produces white
space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates.
- \begin{tabular}{l}
- One blank: makes some space \\
- Three blanks: in a row \\
- Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\
+ \begin{tabular}{rl}
+ One blank:& makes some space \\
+ Three blanks:& in a row \\
+ Three spaces:&\ \ \ in a row \\
\end{tabular}
On the first line LaTeX puts some space after the colon. On the second
line LaTeX collapses the three blanks to output one whitespace, so you
end with the same space after the colon as in the first line. LaTeX
-would similarly collapse a blank followed by a tab, or a blank and a
-newline and a blank. However, the bottom line asks for three spaces so
-the white area is wider. That is, the backslash-space command creates a
-fixed amount of horizontal space. (Note that you can define a
-horizontal space of any width at all with '\hspace'; see *note
-\hspace::.)
+would similarly collapse them to a single whitespace if one, two or all
+of the three blanks were replaced by a tab, or by a newline. However,
+the bottom line asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That
+is, the backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal
+space. (Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all
+with '\hspace'; see *note \hspace::.)
The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used
-after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that
-follows, as in '\TeX\ is nice'. (But using curly parentheses, as in
-'\TeX{} is best', has the advantage of still working if the next
-character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period
-as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in 'So says
-Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)' (*note \@::).
+after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the blank that
+follows, as after '\TeX' in '\TeX\ (or \LaTeX)'. (But using curly
+braces has the advantage of still working whether the next character is
+a blank or any other non-letter, as in '\TeX{} (or \LaTeX{})' in which
+'{}' can be added after '\LaTeX' as well as after '\TeX'.) The other
+common use is that it marks a period as ending an abbreviation instead
+of ending a sentence, as in 'Prof.\ Smith' or 'Jones et al.\ (1993)'
+(*note \@::).
Under normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent
to backslash-space, '\ '.
@@ -12199,10 +12216,11 @@
three dots and/or four dots are plenty). Another style-specific use is
between initials, as in 'D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth'.
- LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands (*note Spacing
-in math mode::). With 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
-they can be used in text mode as well as math mode, including '\!' for
-'\negthinspace'; before that, they were available only in math mode.
+ LaTeX provides a variety of similar spacing commands for math mode
+(*note Spacing in math mode::). With the 'amsmath' package, or as of
+the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, they can be used in text mode as well as
+math mode, including '\!' for '\negthinspace'; but otherwise, they are
+available only in math mode.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Prev: \thinspace & \negthinspace, Up: Spaces
@@ -12245,9 +12263,9 @@
include italic correction values even for italic fonts.
Technically, LaTeX uses another font-specific value, the so-called
-slant parameter (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to possibly
-insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to particular
-font commands.
+"slant parameter" (namely '\fontdimen1'), to determine whether to
+possibly insert an italic correction, rather than tying the action to
+particular font commands.
There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; math spacing
is done in a different way.
@@ -12400,7 +12418,7 @@
and depth at least '0.3\baselineskip'. Essentially, LaTeX inserts into
the line a rectangle having zero width,
'\rule[-0.3\baselineskip]{0pt}{\baselineskip}' (*note \rule::). The
-'\baselineskip' changes with the current font and fontsize.
+'\baselineskip' changes with the current font or fontsize.
In this example the '\strut' keeps the box inside the frame from
having zero height.
@@ -12442,11 +12460,11 @@
\end{enumerate}
\end{minipage}%
-The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening. The third
-list's '\parbox' goes only to the bottom of its second 'test', which
-happens not have any characters that descend below the baseline. The
-fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra below-baseline
-space.
+The final two lists use '\fbox' to show what's happening. The first
+item '\parbox' of the third list goes only to the bottom of its second
+'test', which happens not have any characters that descend below the
+baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra
+below-baseline space.
The '\strut' command is often useful in graphics, such as in 'TikZ'
or 'Asymptote'. For instance, you may have a command such as
@@ -12469,10 +12487,10 @@
\end{tabular}
(Although the line-ending double backslash command has an available
-optional argument to put in more vertical room, that won't work here.
-Changing the first double backslash to something like '\\[2.5ex]' will
-put the room between the header line and the '\hline', and the integral
-would still hit the line.)
+optional argument to change the corresponding baseline skip, that won't
+solve this issue. Changing the first double backslash to something like
+'\\[2.5ex]' will put more room between the header line and the '\hline'
+rule, and the integral would still hit the rule.)
File: latex2e.info, Node: \vspace, Next: \vfill, Prev: \strut, Up: Spaces
@@ -12499,9 +12517,9 @@
(*Note \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip::, for common inter-paragraph
spaces.)
- The '*'-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
+ The '*'-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. More
precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
-'*'-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space between
+'*'-form causes the space to stay. This example leaves space between
the two questions.
Question: Find the integral of \( 5x^4+5 \).
@@ -12576,10 +12594,11 @@
VERT-LENGTH's in that sequence. This command is fragile (*note
\protect::). The VERT-LENGTH is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
- This example illustrates. The 'picture' draws a scale. In a
-standard LaTeX article the length '\baselineskip' is 12pt. The two
-rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt
-from the first 'addvspace'.
+ This example illustrates. The 'picture' draws a scale over which to
+rules are placed. In a standard LaTeX article the length
+'\baselineskip' is 12pt. As shown by the scale, the two rules are 22pt
+apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt from the first
+'\addvspace'.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{color}
@@ -17339,7 +17358,8 @@
(line 6)
* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
(line 6)
-* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \ (backslash-space): \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \ (backslash-space) <1>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
(line 6)
* \!: Spacing in math mode.
@@ -17721,7 +17741,8 @@
* \frame: \frame. (line 6)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture). (line 6)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox & \framebox. (line 6)
-* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6)
+* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 6)
* \frontmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
(line 6)
* \frown: Math symbols. (line 221)
@@ -18010,7 +18031,7 @@
* \newglossaryentry: \newglossaryentry. (line 6)
* \newlength: \newlength. (line 6)
* \newline: \newline. (line 6)
-* \NEWLINE: \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \<NEWLINE>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \newpage: \newpage. (line 6)
* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 6)
* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 6)
@@ -18028,7 +18049,8 @@
* \noindent: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
-* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6)
+* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 6)
* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 41)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
(line 6)
@@ -18279,8 +18301,8 @@
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
(line 39)
* \smile: Math symbols. (line 646)
-* \SPACE: \(SPACE). (line 6)
-* \SPACE <1>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \<SPACE>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \<SPACE> <1>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 10)
* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 649)
* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 652)
@@ -18323,7 +18345,7 @@
* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
(line 6)
* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 83)
-* \TAB: \(SPACE). (line 6)
+* \<TAB>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 121)
* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 172)
* \tableofcontents: Table of contents etc..
@@ -18599,11 +18621,13 @@
* amsmath package <10>: Spacing in math mode.
(line 23)
* amsmath package <11>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 54)
+ (line 56)
* amsmath package <12>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 15)
* amsmath package <13>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
+* amsmath package <14>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 26)
* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 6)
* amsthm package: theorem. (line 28)
* amsthm package <1>: \rule. (line 18)
@@ -18959,7 +18983,7 @@
* enumitem package: itemize. (line 66)
* enumitem package <1>: list. (line 254)
* environment: Starting and ending. (line 25)
-* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 36)
+* environment form of font size commands: Font sizes. (line 47)
* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 6)
* environment, array: array. (line 6)
* environment, center: center. (line 6)
@@ -19416,7 +19440,7 @@
(line 45)
* mathtools package <4>: \smash. (line 61)
* mathtools package <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 46)
+ (line 48)
* MetaPost package: \line. (line 36)
* mfirstuc package: Upper and lower case.
(line 46)
@@ -19549,11 +19573,13 @@
* package, amsmath <10>: Spacing in math mode.
(line 23)
* package, amsmath <11>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 54)
+ (line 56)
* package, amsmath <12>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 15)
* package, amsmath <13>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
+* package, amsmath <14>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 26)
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
* package, amsthm <1>: \rule. (line 18)
* package, answers: \write. (line 100)
@@ -19636,7 +19662,7 @@
(line 45)
* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 61)
* package, mathtools <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
- (line 46)
+ (line 48)
* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 36)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
(line 46)
@@ -19907,7 +19933,8 @@
* spaces, ignore around commands <1>: xspace package. (line 6)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
(line 6)
-* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing. (line 6)
+* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing.
+ (line 6)
* spacing, inter-sentence <1>: \normalsfcodes. (line 6)
* spacing, math mode: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
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+Node: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter120861
+Node: \@startsection122270
+Ref: startsection name123759
+Ref: \@startsection/name123759
+Ref: startsection level124213
+Ref: \@startsection/level124213
+Ref: startsection indent125094
+Ref: \@startsection/indent125094
+Ref: startsection beforeskip125357
+Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip125357
+Ref: startsection afterskip126878
+Ref: \@startsection/afterskip126878
+Ref: startsection style128189
+Ref: \@startsection/style128189
+Node: Cross references131890
+Node: \label134039
+Node: \pageref135859
+Node: \ref136649
+Node: xr package137644
+Node: Environments139478
+Node: abstract141480
+Node: array143069
+Node: center145961
+Node: \centering147714
+Node: description149211
+Node: displaymath151428
+Node: document153124
+Node: \AtBeginDocument153554
+Node: \AtEndDocument154178
+Node: enumerate154822
+Ref: enumerate enumi156685
+Ref: enumerate enumii156685
+Ref: enumerate enumiii156685
+Ref: enumerate enumiv156685
+Ref: enumerate labelenumi157083
+Ref: enumerate labelenumii157083
+Ref: enumerate labelenumiii157083
+Ref: enumerate labelenumiv157083
+Node: eqnarray157622
+Node: equation159618
+Node: figure160286
+Node: filecontents162440
+Node: flushleft164349
+Node: \raggedright165376
+Node: flushright166574
+Node: \raggedleft167398
+Node: itemize168269
+Ref: itemize labelitemi169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemii169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemiii169817
+Ref: itemize labelitemiv169817
+Ref: itemize leftmargin170476
+Ref: itemize leftmargini170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginii170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginiii170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginiv170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginv170476
+Ref: itemize leftmarginvi170476
+Node: letter171958
+Node: list172196
+Ref: list makelabel174643
+Ref: list itemindent176028
+Ref: list itemsep176165
+Ref: list labelsep176818
+Ref: list labelwidth176981
+Ref: list leftmargin177992
+Ref: list listparindent178845
+Ref: list parsep179076
+Ref: list partopsep179544
+Ref: list rightmargin180342
+Ref: list topsep180527
+Ref: list beginparpenalty184102
+Ref: list itempenalty184201
+Ref: list endparpenalty184305
+Node: \item185176
+Node: trivlist186422
+Node: math187950
+Node: minipage188256
+Node: picture193821
+Node: \put200051
+Node: \multiput200616
+Node: \qbezier201355
+Node: \graphpaper202828
+Node: \line203622
+Node: \linethickness205596
+Node: \thinlines206045
+Node: \thicklines206456
+Node: \circle206840
+Node: \oval207382
+Node: \shortstack208358
+Node: \vector209755
+Node: \makebox (picture)210669
+Node: \framebox (picture)211851
+Node: \frame213324
+Node: \dashbox213764
+Node: quotation & quote214899
+Node: tabbing215795
+Node: table221698
+Node: tabular223762
+Ref: tabular arrayrulewidth230099
+Ref: tabular arraystrech230339
+Ref: tabular doublerulesep230560
+Ref: tabular tabcolsep230696
+Node: \multicolumn231217
+Node: \vline235093
+Node: \cline236484
+Node: \hline237194
+Node: thebibliography237876
+Node: \bibitem240359
+Node: \cite242661
+Node: \nocite244529
+Node: Using BibTeX245037
+Node: theorem247208
+Node: titlepage248130
+Node: verbatim249413
+Node: \verb251226
+Node: verse253319
+Node: Line breaking254546
+Node: \\255912
+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr258342
+Node: \newline259153
+Node: \- (hyphenation)260182
+Node: \discretionary261820
+Node: \fussy & \sloppy262708
+Node: sloppypar263491
+Node: \hyphenation264637
+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak265231
+Node: Page breaking266379
+Node: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage268409
+Node: \newpage269929
+Node: \enlargethispage271227
+Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak272183
+Node: Footnotes274154
+Node: \footnote275300
+Ref: footnote footnoterule276568
+Ref: footnote footnotesep277179
+Node: \footnotemark278245
+Node: \footnotetext280584
+Node: Footnotes in section headings281186
+Node: Footnotes in a table282019
+Node: Footnotes of footnotes284941
+Node: Definitions285645
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand286692
+Node: \providecommand292032
+Node: \makeatletter & \makeatother293197
+Node: \@ifstar295299
+Node: \newcounter298784
+Node: \newlength300504
+Node: \newsavebox301326
+Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment302305
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+Node: \newfont311201
+Node: \protect312434
+Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend314822
+Node: xspace package317503
+Node: Counters319568
+Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol321269
+Node: \usecounter323894
+Node: \value324753
+Node: \setcounter325806
+Node: \addtocounter326402
+Node: \refstepcounter326856
+Node: \stepcounter327525
+Node: \day & \month & \year328078
+Node: Lengths328889
+Node: Units of length333477
+Ref: units of length pt333680
+Ref: units of length pc333780
+Ref: units of length in333803
+Ref: units of length bp333829
+Ref: units of length cm333960
+Ref: units of length mm333982
+Ref: units of length dd334004
+Ref: units of length cc334036
+Ref: units of length sp334061
+Ref: Lengths/em334092
+Ref: Lengths/en334092
+Ref: Lengths/ex334092
+Ref: units of length em334092
+Ref: units of length en334092
+Ref: units of length ex334092
+Node: \setlength334948
+Node: \addtolength336033
+Node: \settodepth337108
+Node: \settoheight337986
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+Node: Expressions340966
+Node: Making paragraphs345748
+Node: \par347519
+Node: \indent & \noindent349466
+Node: \parindent & \parskip351001
+Node: Marginal notes352308
+Ref: marginal notes marginparpush353704
+Ref: marginal notes marginparsep353878
+Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth354010
+Node: Math formulas354359
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts357407
+Node: Math symbols359568
+Node: Arrows383339
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath384527
+Node: Blackboard bold386046
+Node: Calligraphic386848
+Node: Delimiters387379
+Node: \left & \right389567
+Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.393575
+Node: Dots396328
+Ref: ellipses cdots396759
+Ref: ellipses ddots396904
+Ref: ellipses ldots396985
+Ref: ellipses vdots397402
+Node: Greek letters398586
+Node: Math functions400265
+Node: Math accents401909
+Node: Over- and Underlining402808
+Node: Spacing in math mode404635
+Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace405566
+Ref: spacing in math mode medspace406017
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace406473
+Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace406473
+Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace406954
+Ref: spacing in math mode quad407327
+Ref: spacing in math mode qquad407583
+Node: \smash407921
+Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom410138
+Node: \mathstrut412712
+Node: Math styles413674
+Node: Math miscellany416414
+Node: Colon character & \colon416911
+Node: \*417604
+Node: \frac418184
+Node: \sqrt418555
+Node: \stackrel419141
+Node: Modes419414
+Ref: modes paragraph mode419864
+Ref: modes lr mode420060
+Ref: modes math mode420666
+Ref: modes vertical mode421001
+Ref: modes internal vertical mode421172
+Ref: modes inner paragraph mode421645
+Ref: modes outer paragraph mode421645
+Node: \ensuremath422059
+Node: Page styles422764
+Node: \maketitle423527
+Node: \pagenumbering426545
+Node: \pagestyle428533
+Node: \thispagestyle432035
+Node: Spaces432989
+Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad434309
+Node: \hspace435224
+Node: \hfill437081
+Node: \hss438145
+Node: \spacefactor438839
+Node: \@442246
+Ref: \AT442366
+Node: \frenchspacing & \nonfrenchspacing444306
+Ref: \frenchspacing444424
+Node: \normalsfcodes445226
+Node: \(SPACE)445494
+Node: ~447434
+Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace450011
+Node: \/451209
+Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill453167
+Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip454523
+Ref: bigskip455341
+Ref: medskip455545
+Ref: smallskip455754
+Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak456415
+Node: \strut457401
+Node: \vspace460638
+Node: \vfill462199
+Node: \addvspace463127
+Node: Boxes465173
+Node: \mbox & \makebox465879
+Ref: mbox makebox depth467147
+Ref: mbox makebox height467147
+Ref: mbox makebox width467147
+Ref: mbox makebox totalheight467147
+Node: \fbox & \framebox469242
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule470556
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep470746
+Node: \parbox471836
+Node: \raisebox474142
+Ref: raisebox depth475115
+Ref: raisebox height475115
+Ref: raisebox width475115
+Ref: raisebox totalheight475115
+Node: \sbox & \savebox475816
+Node: lrbox478878
+Node: \usebox479764
+Node: Color480203
+Node: Color package options481002
+Node: Color models482648
+Ref: color models cmyk483445
+Ref: color models gray483808
+Ref: color models rgb483957
+Ref: color models RGB484294
+Ref: color models named484669
+Node: Commands for color484957
+Node: Define colors485372
+Node: Colored text486097
+Node: Colored boxes488494
+Node: Colored pages489883
+Node: Graphics490576
+Node: Graphics package options492703
+Node: Graphics package configuration495456
+Node: \graphicspath496258
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions499216
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule501034
+Node: Commands for graphics504215
+Node: \includegraphics504720
+Ref: includegraphics width509783
+Ref: includegraphics height510316
+Ref: includegraphics totalheight510722
+Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio510986
+Ref: includegraphics viewport512672
+Ref: includegraphics trim513067
+Ref: includegraphics clip513523
+Ref: includegraphics page513783
+Ref: includegraphics pagebox513874
+Ref: includegraphics interpolate514739
+Ref: includegraphics quiet514944
+Ref: includegraphics draft515105
+Ref: includegraphics bb515910
+Ref: includegraphics bbllx516308
+Ref: includegraphics bblly516308
+Ref: includegraphics bburx516308
+Ref: includegraphics bbury516308
+Ref: includegraphics natwidth516450
+Ref: includegraphics natheight516450
+Ref: includegraphics hiresbb516636
+Ref: includegraphics type517398
+Ref: includegraphics ext517438
+Ref: includegraphics read517541
+Ref: includegraphics command517658
+Node: \rotatebox517904
+Node: \scalebox520758
+Node: \resizebox521814
+Node: Special insertions523006
+Node: Reserved characters523874
+Node: Upper and lower case525134
+Node: Symbols by font position527520
+Node: Text symbols528199
+Node: Accents533183
+Node: \accent535336
+Node: Additional Latin letters537098
+Ref: Non-English characters537280
+Node: inputenc package538299
+Node: \rule540849
+Node: \today542037
+Node: Splitting the input542973
+Node: \endinput544715
+Node: \include & \includeonly546018
+Node: \input550315
+Node: Front/back matter551530
+Node: Table of contents etc.551863
+Node: \@dottedtocline557568
+Node: \addcontentsline559114
+Node: \addtocontents561992
+Node: \contentsline564209
+Node: \nofiles565902
+Node: \numberline566653
+Node: Indexes567768
+Node: \index569442
+Node: makeindex574547
+Ref: makeindex preamble576215
+Ref: makeindex postamble576355
+Ref: makeindex group skip576440
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag576773
+Ref: makeindex lethead prefix577234
+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix577386
+Ref: makeindex item 0577534
+Ref: makeindex item 1577614
+Ref: makeindex item 2577689
+Ref: makeindex item 01577767
+Ref: makeindex item x1577872
+Ref: makeindex item 12578077
+Ref: makeindex item x2578185
+Ref: makeindex delim 0578345
+Ref: makeindex delim 1578475
+Ref: makeindex delim 2578605
+Ref: makeindex delim n578731
+Ref: makeindex delim r578866
+Ref: makeindex line max578974
+Ref: makeindex indent space579109
+Ref: makeindex indent length579204
+Ref: makeindex page precedence579389
+Node: \printindex580424
+Node: Glossaries580897
+Node: \newglossaryentry582864
+Node: \gls584331
+Node: Letters585125
+Node: \address588743
+Node: \cc589554
+Node: \closing589996
+Node: \encl590310
+Node: \location590724
+Node: \makelabels590988
+Node: \name593305
+Node: \opening593546
+Node: \ps593827
+Node: \signature594116
+Node: \telephone595344
+Node: Input/output595709
+Node: \openin & \openout596439
+Node: \read599182
+Node: \typein600369
+Node: \typeout601629
+Node: \write602679
+Node: \write and security607406
+Node: \message608350
+Node: \wlog610179
+Node: \write18610680
+Node: Command line interface614171
+Ref: Command line614335
+Node: Command line options616488
+Ref: interaction modes617491
+Ref: output directory618445
+Node: Command line input620144
+Node: Jobname622175
+Node: Recovering from errors625317
+Node: Document templates626745
+Node: beamer template627179
+Node: article template627821
+Node: book template628284
+Node: Larger book template628763
+Node: Index630305
+Ref: Command Index630391
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2021-08-08 22:03:43 UTC (rev 949)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2021-08-09 16:39:54 UTC (rev 950)
@@ -2332,6 +2332,18 @@
style command or the end of the current group, so you could enclose it
in curly braces @code{@{\small This text is typeset in the small font.@}}.
+Trying to use these commands in math, as with @code{$\small mv^2/2$},
+results in @samp{LaTeX Font Warning: Command \small
+invalid in math mode}, and the font size doesn't
+change. To work with a too-large formula, often the best option is to
+use the @code{displaymath} environment (@pxref{Math formulas}), or
+one of the environments from the @file{amsmath} package. For inline
+mathematics, such as in a tableof formulas, an alternative is something
+like @code{@{\small $mv^2/2$@}}. (Sometimes @code{\scriptsize} and
+ at code{\scriptstyle} are confused. Both change the font size, but the
+latter also changes a number of other aspects of how mathematics is
+typset. @xref{Math styles}.)
+
@cindex environment form of font size commands
An @dfn{environment form} of each of these commands is also defined; for
instance, @code{\begin@{tiny@}...\end@{tiny@}}. However, in practice
@@ -14022,11 +14034,13 @@
The @code{\phantom} command creates a box with the same height, depth,
and width as @var{subformula}, but empty. That is, this command causes
@LaTeX{} to typeset the space but not fill it with the material. Here
- at LaTeX{} will put a box of the right size for the quotation, but empty.
+ at LaTeX{} will put a blank line that is the correct width for the answer,
+but will not show that answer.
@example
-\fbox@{\phantom@{Conservatism is the blind and fear-filled worship of dead radicals.
- --- Mark Twain@}@}
+\begin@{displaymath@}
+ \int x^2\,dx=\mbox@{\underline@{$\phantom@{(1/3)x^3+C@}$@}@}
+\end@{displaymath@}
@end example
The @code{\vphantom} variant produces an invisible box with the same
@@ -15671,8 +15685,8 @@
\begin@{tabular@}@{rl@}
\textsc@{Integral@} &\textsc@{Value@} \\
\hline
- $\int_0^x t\, \mathrm@{d@}t$ &$x^2/2$ \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@} \\
- $\int_0^x t^2\, \mathrm@{d@}t$ &$x^3/3$ \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@}
+ $\int_0^x t\, dt$ &$x^2/2$ \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@} \\
+ $\int_0^x t^2\, dt$ &$x^3/3$ \rule@{0em@}@{2.5ex@}
\end@{tabular@}
@end example
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