[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r946 - trunk

Jim Hefferon INVALID.NOREPLY at gnu.org.ua
Thu Aug 5 17:58:19 CEST 2021


Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2021-08-05 15:58:19 +0000 (Thu, 05 Aug 2021)
New Revision: 946

Modified:
   trunk/ChangeLog
   trunk/latex2e.html
   trunk/latex2e.info
   trunk/latex2e.pdf
   trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
add section on Math styles

Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog	2021-08-05 06:25:11 UTC (rev 945)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog	2021-08-05 15:58:19 UTC (rev 946)
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2021-08-05  Jim Hefferon  <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+        * latex2e.texi (Math styles): Add section on Math styles,
+	include moving some material from Math formulas and expanding.
+
 2021-08-05  Vincent Bela\"iche  <vincentb1 at users.sourceforge.net>
 
 	* latex2e.texi (Spacing in math mode): wording

Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html	2021-08-05 06:25:11 UTC (rev 945)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html	2021-08-05 15:58:19 UTC (rev 946)
@@ -425,13 +425,14 @@
       <li><a id="toc-_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1" href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">16.6.2 <code>\phantom</code> & <code>\vphantom</code> & <code>\hphantom</code></a></li>
       <li><a id="toc-_005cmathstrut-1" href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">16.6.3 <code>\mathstrut</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.7 Math miscellany</a>
+    <li><a id="toc-Math-styles-1" href="#Math-styles">16.7 Math styles</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.8 Math miscellany</a>
     <ul class="no-bullet">
-      <li><a id="toc-Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon" href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005c_002a-1" href="#g_t_005c_002a">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cfrac-1" href="#g_t_005cfrac">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="#g_t_005csqrt">16.7.4 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="#g_t_005cstackrel">16.7.5 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon" href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">16.8.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005c_002a-1" href="#g_t_005c_002a">16.8.2 <code>\*</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cfrac-1" href="#g_t_005cfrac">16.8.3 <code>\frac</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="#g_t_005csqrt">16.8.4 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="#g_t_005cstackrel">16.8.5 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">17 Modes</a>
@@ -13218,34 +13219,6 @@
 \end{displaymath}</code>.  These environments can only be used in paragraph
 mode (see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
 </p>
-<span id="index-_005cdisplaystyle"></span>
-<p>The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
-One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
-math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together.
-</p>
-<p>Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode.  For this, the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
-<code>displaymath</code>.  Thus <code>\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty
-x_n\)</code> will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it.  Another example is that
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
-  \textsc{Name}  &\textsc{Series}  &\textsc{Sum}  \\  \hline
-  Arithmetic     &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
-                   &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}\)  \\
-  Geometric      &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1} \)
-                   &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}\)  \\
-\end{tabular}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>because it has no <code>\displaystyle</code>, the ‘<samp>Arithmetic</samp>’ line’s
-fraction will be scrunched.  But, because of its <code>\displaystyle</code>,
-the ‘<samp>Geometric</samp>’ line’s fraction will be easy to read, with
-characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
-</p>
 <span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-5"></span>
 <span id="index-amsmath-package-5"></span>
 
@@ -13264,7 +13237,7 @@
 see their documentation on CTAN.
 </p>
 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="1">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Also known as exponent or index.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="1">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Also known as exponents or indices.
 </td></tr>
 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="2">Math symbols</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Various mathematical squiggles.
 </td></tr>
@@ -13276,8 +13249,10 @@
 </td></tr>
 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="6">Spacing in math mode</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
 </td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="7">Math miscellany</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="7">Math styles</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine the size of things.
 </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="8">Math miscellany</a></td><td>  </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else.
+</td></tr>
 </table>
 
 
@@ -16053,7 +16028,7 @@
 <hr>
 <span id="Spacing-in-math-mode"></span><div class="header">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Over- and Underlining</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Over- and Underlining</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <span id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1"></span><h3 class="section">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 
@@ -16084,16 +16059,20 @@
 <dt><code>\;</code></dt>
 <dd><span id="index-_005c_003b"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cthickspace"></span>
-<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"></span><p>Synonym: <code>\thickspace</code>.  Normally <code>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"></span><span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-10"></span>
+
+<p>Synonym: <code>\thickspace</code>.  Normally <code>5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>.  With
+the <samp>amsmath</samp> package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
+can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+only.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>\negthickspace</code></dt>
 <dd><span id="index-_005cnegthickspace"></span>
-<p>Normally <code>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<p>Normally <code>-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.  With the <samp>amsmath</samp>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>\:</code></dt>
@@ -16101,16 +16080,17 @@
 <dd><span id="index-_005c_003a"></span>
 <span id="index-_005c_003e-1"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cmedspace"></span>
-<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"></span><p>Synonym: <code>\medspace</code>.  Normally <code>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"></span><p>Synonym: <code>\medspace</code>.  Normally <code>4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
+4.0mu</code>.  With the <samp>amsmath</samp> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before
+that, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>\negmedspace</code></dt>
 <dd><span id="index-_005cnegmedspace"></span>
-<p>Normally <code>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+<p>Normally <code>-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.  With the <samp>amsmath</samp>
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>\,</code></dt>
@@ -16136,11 +16116,12 @@
 <dd><span id="index-_005c_0021"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cnegthinspace"></span>
 <span id="index-thin-space_002c-negative"></span>
-<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"></span><p>A negative thin space. Normally <code>-3mu</code>.
-With <code>amsmath</code>, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, 
-The <code>\!</code> command is math mode only but the <code>\negthinspace</code>
-command has always worked in text mode (see <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>).
+<span id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"></span><p>Synonym: <code>\negthinspace</code>. A negative thin space. Normally
+<code>-3mu</code>.  With the <samp>amsmath</samp> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode;
+otherwise, the <code>\!</code> command is math mode only but the
+<code>\negthinspace</code> command has always also worked in text mode
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>\quad</code></dt>
@@ -16325,8 +16306,8 @@
 In addition, the <samp>mathtools</samp> package has many commands that offer
 fine-grained control over spacing.
 </p>
-<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></span>
-<span id="index-amsmath-package-10"></span>
+<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-11"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-11"></span>
 
 <p>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special
 mathematics status.  So to do something like attaching a superscript you
@@ -16376,11 +16357,102 @@
 </p>
 
 <hr>
+<span id="Math-styles"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Math-styles-1"></span><h3 class="section">16.7 Math styles</h3>
+
+<span id="index-math-styles"></span>
+
+<p>TeX’s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context.  For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input <code>\sum_{0\leq
+i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}</code> will give
+output with the summation index centered below the summation symbol.
+But if that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right
+rather than below, so it won’t push the lines apart.  Similarly, in a
+displayed context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be
+larger than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+</p>
+<p>TeX uses four math styles.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li> <span id="index-display-style"></span>
+Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such as
+with <code>\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}</code>.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-text-style"></span>
+Text style is for an inline formula, as with ‘<samp>so we have $ ... $</samp>’.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-script-style"></span>
+Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or superscript.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-scriptscript-style"></span>
+Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or more)
+of subscripting or superscripting.
+
+</li></ul>
+
+<span id="index-_005cdisplaystyle"></span>
+<span id="index-_005ctextstyle"></span>
+<span id="index-_005cscriptstyle"></span>
+<span id="index-_005cscriptscriptstyle"></span>
+<p>TeX determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of <code>\displaystyle</code>, or <code>\textstyle</code>, or
+<code>\scriptstyle</code>, or <code>\scriptscriptstyle</code>.
+</p>
+<p>In this example, the ‘<samp>Arithmetic</samp>’ line’s fraction will look
+scrunched.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
+  \textsc{Name}  &\textsc{Series}  &\textsc{Sum}  \\  \hline
+  Arithmetic     &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+                   &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}$  \\
+  Geometric      &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1}$
+                   &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$  \\
+\end{tabular}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>But because of the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration,
+the ‘<samp>Geometric</samp>’ line’s fraction will be easy to read, with
+characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
+</p>
+<p>Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">we get
+$\pi=2\cdot{\displaystyle\int_{x=0}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2}\,dx}$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will have an integral sign that is much taller.  Note that here the
+<code>\displaystyle</code> applies to only part of the formula, and it is
+delimited by being inside curly braces, as ‘<samp>{\displaystyle ...}</samp>’.
+</p>
+<p>The last example is a continued fraction.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+a_0+\frac{1}{
+       \displaystyle a_1+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+       \displaystyle a_2+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+       \displaystyle a_3}}}
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Without the <code>\displaystyle</code> declarations, the denominators would be
+set in script style and scriptscript style.  (The <code>\mathstrut</code>
+improves the height of the denominators; see <a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a>.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
 <span id="Math-miscellany"></span><div class="header">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="Math-miscellany-1"></span><h3 class="section">16.7 Math miscellany</h3>
+<span id="Math-miscellany-1"></span><h3 class="section">16.8 Math miscellany</h3>
 
 <span id="index-math-miscellany"></span>
 
@@ -16406,7 +16478,7 @@
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="n" rel="next">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></h4>
+<span id="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.8.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-colon-character"></span>
 <span id="index-_003a-for-math"></span>
@@ -16425,15 +16497,15 @@
 <pre class="example">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
 </pre></div>
 
-<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-11"></span>
-<span id="index-amsmath-package-11"></span>
+<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-12"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-12"></span>
 
 <p>Ordinary LaTeX defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the colon character
 with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation
 <code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>.
 </p>
-<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-12"></span>
-<span id="index-amsmath-package-12"></span>
+<span id="index-package_002c-amsmath-13"></span>
+<span id="index-amsmath-package-13"></span>
 
 <p>But the widely-used <samp>amsmath</samp> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use
 in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>.  So if you want
@@ -16445,7 +16517,7 @@
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frac</a>, Previous: <a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colon character & \colon</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="g_t_005c_002a-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005c_002a-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.8.2 <code>\*</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-multiplication_002c-discretionary"></span>
 <span id="index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary"></span>
@@ -16475,7 +16547,7 @@
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sqrt</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="g_t_005cfrac-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cfrac-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.8.3 <code>\frac</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-fraction"></span>
 <span id="index-_005cfrac"></span>
@@ -16497,7 +16569,7 @@
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stackrel</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frac</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="g_t_005csqrt-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.7.4 <code>\sqrt</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005csqrt-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.8.4 <code>\sqrt</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-square-root"></span>
 <span id="index-roots"></span>
@@ -16526,7 +16598,7 @@
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sqrt</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a>   [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<span id="g_t_005cstackrel-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.7.5 <code>\stackrel</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cstackrel-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">16.8.5 <code>\stackrel</code></h4>
 
 <span id="index-stack-math"></span>
 <span id="index-relation_002c-text-above"></span>
@@ -25153,7 +25225,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdiamond"><code>\diamond</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdiamondsuit"><code>\diamondsuit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdim"><code>\dim</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdisplaystyle"><code>\displaystyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdisplaystyle"><code>\displaystyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdiv"><code>\div</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdj"><code>\dj</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDJ"><code>\DJ</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
@@ -25641,7 +25713,9 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csbox"><code>\sbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox & \savebox</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csc"><code>\sc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cscalebox"><code>\scalebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cscriptscriptstyle"><code>\scriptscriptstyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cscriptsize"><code>\scriptsize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cscriptstyle"><code>\scriptstyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cscshape"><code>\scshape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csearrow"><code>\searrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csec"><code>\sec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -25784,6 +25858,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextsf"><code>\textsf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextsl"><code>\textsl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextsterling"><code>\textsterling</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextstyle"><code>\textstyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash"><code>\textthreequartersemdash</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctexttrademark"><code>\texttrademark</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctexttt"><code>\texttt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -25962,9 +26037,10 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl & \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-8"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-9"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-13"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
@@ -26210,6 +26286,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-breaks_002c-multiplication">discretionary breaks, multiplication</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-hyphenation">discretionary hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-display-math-mode">display math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-display-style">display style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment"><code><code>displaymath</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
@@ -26667,6 +26744,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-1">math mode, spacing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-2">math mode, spacing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-vertical-space">math mode, vertical space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-styles">math styles</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-symbols">math symbols</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math_002c-arrows"><code>math, arrows</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math_002c-bold">math, bold</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -26780,9 +26858,10 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl & \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-8"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-9"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-13"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>answers</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
@@ -27031,6 +27110,8 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-1">scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-script-fonts">script fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-script-letters-for-math">script letters for math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-script-style">script style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scriptscript-style">scriptscript style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scrollmode">scrollmode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-secnumdepth"><code>secnumdepth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-secnumdepth-counter"><code>secnumdepth <span class="roman">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
@@ -27158,6 +27239,7 @@
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-logo">TeX logo</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texosquery-package"><code>texosquery</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texput_002c-jobname-default"><code>texput<span class="roman">, jobname default</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-style">text style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-symbols">text symbols</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing">text, resizing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing-1">text, resizing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>

Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info	2021-08-05 06:25:11 UTC (rev 945)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info	2021-08-05 15:58:19 UTC (rev 946)
@@ -9310,31 +9310,6 @@
 '\begin{displaymath} MATH \end{displaymath}'.  These environments can
 only be used in paragraph mode (*note Modes::).
 
-   The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some
-differences.  One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts;
-in display math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they
-are closer together.
-
-   Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen
-in the inline math mode.  For this, the '\displaystyle' declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of 'displaymath'.
-Thus '\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n\)' will have the limits
-above and below the summation sign, not next to it.  Another example is
-that
-
-     \begin{tabular}{r|cc}
-       \textsc{Name}  &\textsc{Series}  &\textsc{Sum}  \\  \hline
-       Arithmetic     &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
-                        &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}\)  \\
-       Geometric      &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1} \)
-                        &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}\)  \\
-     \end{tabular}
-
-because it has no '\displaystyle', the 'Arithmetic' line's fraction will
-be scrunched.  But, because of its '\displaystyle', the 'Geometric'
-line's fraction will be easy to read, with characters the same size as
-in the rest of the line.
-
    The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
 packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
 'amsmath' and 'amssymb' (also be aware of the 'mathtools' package that
@@ -9345,12 +9320,13 @@
 
 * Menu:
 
-* Subscripts & superscripts::   Also known as exponent or index.
+* Subscripts & superscripts::   Also known as exponents or indices.
 * Math symbols::                Various mathematical squiggles.
 * Math functions::              Math function names like sin and exp.
 * Math accents::                Accents in math.
 * Over- and Underlining::       Things over or under formulas.
 * Spacing in math mode::        Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
+* Math styles::                 Determine the size of things.
 * Math miscellany::             Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
 
 
@@ -10991,7 +10967,7 @@
 improvements on the braces.  See the documentation on CTAN.
 
 
-File: latex2e.info,  Node: Spacing in math mode,  Next: Math miscellany,  Prev: Over- and Underlining,  Up: Math formulas
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Spacing in math mode,  Next: Math styles,  Prev: Over- and Underlining,  Up: Math formulas
 
 16.6 Spacing in math mode
 =========================
@@ -11013,25 +10989,28 @@
 something like 5/18 times the width of a 'M'.
 
 '\;'
-     Synonym: '\thickspace'.  Normally '5.0mu plus 5.0mu'.  With
-     'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in
-     text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
 
+     Synonym: '\thickspace'.  Normally '5.0mu plus 5.0mu'.  With the
+     'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be
+     used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+     only.
+
 '\negthickspace'
-     Normally '-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.  With 'amsmath', or as of
-     the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
-     math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+     Normally '-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.  With the 'amsmath'
+     package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+     mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
 
 '\:'
 '\>'
      Synonym: '\medspace'.  Normally '4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.
-     With 'amsmath', or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used
-     in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+     With the 'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
+     can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math
+     mode only.
 
 '\negmedspace'
-     Normally '-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.  With 'amsmath', or as of
-     the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
-     math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+     Normally '-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu'.  With the 'amsmath'
+     package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
+     mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
 
 '\,'
      Synonym: '\thinspace'.  Normally '3mu', which is 1/6em.  Can be
@@ -11048,11 +11027,12 @@
           \end{equation}
 
 '\!'
-     A negative thin space.  Normally '-3mu'.  With 'amsmath', or as of
-     the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as
-     math mode; before that, The '\!' command is math mode only but the
-     '\negthinspace' command has always worked in text mode (*note
-     \thinspace & \negthinspace::).
+     Synonym: '\negthinspace'.  A negative thin space.  Normally '-3mu'.
+     With the 'amsmath' package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release,
+     can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, the '\!'
+     command is math mode only but the '\negthinspace' command has
+     always also worked in text mode (*note \thinspace &
+     \negthinspace::).
 
 '\quad'
      This is 18mu, that is, 1em.  This is often used for space
@@ -11223,9 +11203,80 @@
 amount of space, use '\rule' with a width of zero.  *Note \rule::.
 
 
-File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math miscellany,  Prev: Spacing in math mode,  Up: Math formulas
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math styles,  Next: Math miscellany,  Prev: Spacing in math mode,  Up: Math formulas
 
-16.7 Math miscellany
+16.7 Math styles
+================
+
+TeX's rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context.  For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input '\sum_{0\leq
+i<n}k^m=\frac{n^{m+1}}{m+1}+\mbox{lower order terms}' will give output
+with the summation index centered below the summation symbol.  But if
+that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right rather
+than below, so it won't push the lines apart.  Similarly, in a displayed
+context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be larger
+than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+
+   TeX uses four math styles.
+
+   * Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such
+     as with '\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}'.
+
+   * Text style is for an inline formula, as with 'so we have $ ... $'.
+
+   * Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or
+     superscript.
+
+   * Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or
+     more) of subscripting or superscripting.
+
+   TeX determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of '\displaystyle', or '\textstyle', or '\scriptstyle', or
+'\scriptscriptstyle'.
+
+   In this example, the 'Arithmetic' line's fraction will look
+scrunched.
+
+     \begin{tabular}{r|cc}
+       \textsc{Name}  &\textsc{Series}  &\textsc{Sum}  \\  \hline
+       Arithmetic     &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+                        &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac{b}{2}$  \\
+       Geometric      &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^{n-1}$
+                        &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac{1-b^n}{1-b}$  \\
+     \end{tabular}
+
+But because of the '\displaystyle' declaration, the 'Geometric' line's
+fraction will be easy to read, with characters the same size as in the
+rest of the line.
+
+   Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+
+     we get
+     $\pi=2\cdot{\displaystyle\int_{x=0}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2}\,dx}$
+
+will have an integral sign that is much taller.  Note that here the
+'\displaystyle' applies to only part of the formula, and it is delimited
+by being inside curly braces, as '{\displaystyle ...}'.
+
+   The last example is a continued fraction.
+
+     \begin{equation}
+     a_0+\frac{1}{
+            \displaystyle a_1+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+            \displaystyle a_2+\frac{\mathstrut 1}{
+            \displaystyle a_3}}}
+     \end{equation}
+
+Without the '\displaystyle' declarations, the denominators would be set
+in script style and scriptscript style.  (The '\mathstrut' improves the
+height of the denominators; *note \mathstrut::.)
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math miscellany,  Prev: Math styles,  Up: Math formulas
+
+16.8 Math miscellany
 ====================
 
 LaTeX contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities.  Here are some
@@ -11242,7 +11293,7 @@
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: Colon character & \colon,  Next: \*,  Up: Math miscellany
 
-16.7.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
+16.8.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
 -------------------------------------
 
 Synopsis, one of:
@@ -11265,7 +11316,7 @@
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \*,  Next: \frac,  Prev: Colon character & \colon,  Up: Math miscellany
 
-16.7.2 '\*'
+16.8.2 '\*'
 -----------
 
 Synopsis:
@@ -11284,7 +11335,7 @@
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \frac,  Next: \sqrt,  Prev: \*,  Up: Math miscellany
 
-16.7.3 '\frac'
+16.8.3 '\frac'
 --------------
 
 Synopsis:
@@ -11299,7 +11350,7 @@
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \sqrt,  Next: \stackrel,  Prev: \frac,  Up: Math miscellany
 
-16.7.4 '\sqrt'
+16.8.4 '\sqrt'
 --------------
 
 Synopsis, one of:
@@ -11318,7 +11369,7 @@
 
 File: latex2e.info,  Node: \stackrel,  Prev: \sqrt,  Up: Math miscellany
 
-16.7.5 '\stackrel'
+16.8.5 '\stackrel'
 ------------------
 
 Synopsis, one of:
@@ -17292,7 +17343,7 @@
 * \ character starting commands:         LaTeX command syntax.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \!:                                    Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  58)
+                                                              (line  61)
 * \" (umlaut accent):                    Accents.             (line  25)
 * \#:                                    Reserved characters. (line  14)
 * \$:                                    Reserved characters. (line  14)
@@ -17304,13 +17355,13 @@
 * \*:                                    \*.                  (line   6)
 * \+:                                    tabbing.             (line  79)
 * \,:                                    Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  44)
+                                                              (line  47)
 * \-:                                    tabbing.             (line  83)
 * \- (hyphenation):                      \- (hyphenation).    (line   6)
 * \. (dot-over accent):                  Accents.             (line  32)
 * \/:                                    \/.                  (line   6)
 * \::                                    Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  34)
+                                                              (line  36)
 * \;:                                    Spacing in math mode.
                                                               (line  23)
 * \<:                                    tabbing.             (line  75)
@@ -17318,7 +17369,7 @@
 * \= (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  69)
 * \>:                                    tabbing.             (line  73)
 * \> <1>:                                Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  34)
+                                                              (line  36)
 * \> (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  72)
 * \@:                                    \@.                  (line   6)
 * \@auxout:                              \write.              (line  45)
@@ -17583,7 +17634,7 @@
 * \diamond:                              Math symbols.        (line 169)
 * \diamondsuit:                          Math symbols.        (line 174)
 * \dim:                                  Math functions.      (line  45)
-* \displaystyle:                         Math formulas.       (line  61)
+* \displaystyle:                         Math styles.         (line  29)
 * \div:                                  Math symbols.        (line 177)
 * \dj:                                   Additional Latin letters.
                                                               (line  26)
@@ -17921,7 +17972,7 @@
 * \medskipamount:                        \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
                                                               (line  34)
 * \medspace:                             Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  34)
+                                                              (line  36)
 * \message:                              \message.            (line   6)
 * \mho:                                  Math symbols.        (line 396)
 * \mid:                                  Math symbols.        (line 399)
@@ -17942,11 +17993,11 @@
                                                               (line 182)
 * \neg:                                  Math symbols.        (line 432)
 * \negmedspace:                          Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  39)
+                                                              (line  42)
 * \negthickspace:                        Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  28)
+                                                              (line  30)
 * \negthinspace:                         Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  58)
+                                                              (line  61)
 * \negthinspace <1>:                     \thinspace & \negthinspace.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \neq:                                  Math symbols.        (line 436)
@@ -18125,11 +18176,11 @@
 * \put:                                  \put.                (line   6)
 * \qbezier:                              \qbezier.            (line   6)
 * \qquad:                                Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  71)
+                                                              (line  75)
 * \qquad <1>:                            \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \quad:                                 Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  65)
+                                                              (line  69)
 * \quad <1>:                             \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \quotedblbase („):                     Text symbols.        (line  53)
@@ -18188,7 +18239,9 @@
 * \sbox:                                 \sbox & \savebox.    (line   6)
 * \sc:                                   Font styles.         (line  87)
 * \scalebox:                             \scalebox.           (line   6)
+* \scriptscriptstyle:                    Math styles.         (line  29)
 * \scriptsize:                           Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \scriptstyle:                          Math styles.         (line  29)
 * \scshape:                              Font styles.         (line  52)
 * \searrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 617)
 * \sec:                                  Math functions.      (line  93)
@@ -18343,6 +18396,7 @@
 * \textsf:                               Font styles.         (line  49)
 * \textsl:                               Font styles.         (line  46)
 * \textsterling:                         Text symbols.        (line  50)
+* \textstyle:                            Math styles.         (line  29)
 * \textthreequartersemdash:              Text symbols.        (line 200)
 * \texttrademark:                        Text symbols.        (line 203)
 * \texttt:                               Font styles.         (line  55)
@@ -18365,7 +18419,7 @@
                                                               (line  23)
 * \thinlines:                            \thinlines.          (line   6)
 * \thinspace:                            Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  44)
+                                                              (line  47)
 * \thinspace <1>:                        \thinspace & \negthinspace.
                                                               (line   6)
 * \thispagestyle:                        \thispagestyle.      (line   6)
@@ -18530,23 +18584,25 @@
 * aligning equations:                    eqnarray.            (line   6)
 * alignment via tabbing:                 tabbing.             (line   6)
 * amscd package:                         Arrows.              (line  41)
-* amsfonts package:                      Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* amsfonts package:                      Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * amsfonts package <1>:                  Arrows.              (line   6)
 * amsmath package:                       array.               (line  55)
 * amsmath package <1>:                   array.               (line  66)
 * amsmath package <2>:                   displaymath.         (line  22)
 * amsmath package <3>:                   equation.            (line  20)
 * amsmath package <4>:                   theorem.             (line  28)
-* amsmath package <5>:                   Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* amsmath package <5>:                   Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * amsmath package <6>:                   \left & \right.      (line  30)
 * amsmath package <7>:                   \bigl & \bigr etc..  (line  68)
 * amsmath package <8>:                   Dots.                (line  36)
 * amsmath package <9>:                   Math functions.      (line 111)
-* amsmath package <10>:                  \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* amsmath package <10>:                  Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* amsmath package <11>:                  \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
                                                               (line  54)
-* amsmath package <11>:                  Colon character & \colon.
+* amsmath package <12>:                  Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  15)
-* amsmath package <12>:                  Colon character & \colon.
+* amsmath package <13>:                  Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  19)
 * amsmath package, replacing eqnarray:   eqnarray.            (line   6)
 * amsthm package:                        theorem.             (line  28)
@@ -18834,6 +18890,7 @@
 * discretionary breaks, multiplication:  \*.                  (line   6)
 * discretionary hyphenation:             \discretionary.      (line   6)
 * display math mode:                     Modes.               (line  29)
+* display style:                         Math styles.         (line  18)
 * displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
                                                               (line   6)
 * displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
@@ -19348,10 +19405,11 @@
                                                               (line   6)
 * math mode, spacing <2>:                \mathstrut.          (line   6)
 * math mode, vertical space:             \smash.              (line   6)
+* math styles:                           Math styles.         (line   6)
 * math symbols:                          Math symbols.        (line   6)
 * math, arrows:                          Arrows.              (line   6)
 * math, bold:                            Font styles.         (line 129)
-* mathtools package:                     Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* mathtools package:                     Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * mathtools package <1>:                 Delimiters.          (line  41)
 * mathtools package <2>:                 \left & \right.      (line  30)
 * mathtools package <3>:                 Over- and Underlining.
@@ -19476,23 +19534,25 @@
 * package, adjustbox:                    Boxes.               (line   9)
 * package, algorithm2e:                  tabbing.             (line 146)
 * package, amscd:                        Arrows.              (line  41)
-* package, amsfonts:                     Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* package, amsfonts:                     Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * package, amsfonts <1>:                 Arrows.              (line   6)
 * package, amsmath:                      array.               (line  55)
 * package, amsmath <1>:                  array.               (line  66)
 * package, amsmath <2>:                  displaymath.         (line  22)
 * package, amsmath <3>:                  equation.            (line  20)
 * package, amsmath <4>:                  theorem.             (line  28)
-* package, amsmath <5>:                  Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* package, amsmath <5>:                  Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * package, amsmath <6>:                  \left & \right.      (line  30)
 * package, amsmath <7>:                  \bigl & \bigr etc..  (line  68)
 * package, amsmath <8>:                  Dots.                (line  36)
 * package, amsmath <9>:                  Math functions.      (line 111)
-* package, amsmath <10>:                 \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* package, amsmath <10>:                 Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* package, amsmath <11>:                 \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
                                                               (line  54)
-* package, amsmath <11>:                 Colon character & \colon.
+* package, amsmath <12>:                 Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  15)
-* package, amsmath <12>:                 Colon character & \colon.
+* package, amsmath <13>:                 Colon character & \colon.
                                                               (line  19)
 * package, amsthm:                       theorem.             (line  28)
 * package, amsthm <1>:                   \rule.               (line  18)
@@ -19569,7 +19629,7 @@
 * package, lmodern:                      fontenc package.     (line  36)
 * package, macros2e:                     \makeatletter & \makeatother.
                                                               (line  41)
-* package, mathtools:                    Math formulas.       (line  86)
+* package, mathtools:                    Math formulas.       (line  61)
 * package, mathtools <1>:                Delimiters.          (line  41)
 * package, mathtools <2>:                \left & \right.      (line  30)
 * package, mathtools <3>:                Over- and Underlining.
@@ -19713,7 +19773,7 @@
 * PSTricks package:                      \line.               (line  36)
 * pt:                                    Units of length.     (line  10)
 * quad:                                  Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  65)
+                                                              (line  69)
 * question mark, upside-down:            Text symbols.        (line 173)
 * quotation environment:                 quotation & quote.   (line   6)
 * quotation marks, French:               Text symbols.        (line  33)
@@ -19778,6 +19838,8 @@
 * scaling <1>:                           \resizebox.          (line   6)
 * script fonts:                          Calligraphic.        (line   6)
 * script letters for math:               Font styles.         (line  79)
+* script style:                          Math styles.         (line  23)
+* scriptscript style:                    Math styles.         (line  26)
 * scrollmode:                            Command line options.
                                                               (line  27)
 * secnumdepth:                           Sectioning.          (line  69)
@@ -19928,6 +19990,7 @@
 * TeX logo:                              Text symbols.        (line  65)
 * texosquery package:                    \write18.            (line  65)
 * texput, jobname default:               Jobname.             (line  25)
+* text style:                            Math styles.         (line  21)
 * text symbols:                          Text symbols.        (line   6)
 * text, resizing:                        \scalebox.           (line   6)
 * text, resizing <1>:                    \resizebox.          (line   6)
@@ -19943,11 +20006,11 @@
 * theorems, defining:                    \newtheorem.         (line   6)
 * theorems, typesetting:                 theorem.             (line   6)
 * thin space:                            Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  44)
+                                                              (line  47)
 * thin space <1>:                        \thinspace & \negthinspace.
                                                               (line   6)
 * thin space, negative:                  Spacing in math mode.
-                                                              (line  58)
+                                                              (line  61)
 * thin space, negative <1>:              \thinspace & \negthinspace.
                                                               (line   6)
 * thorn, Icelandic letter:               Additional Latin letters.
@@ -20387,235 +20450,236 @@
 Ref: marginal notes marginparsep353226
 Ref: marginal notes marginparwidth353358
 Node: Math formulas353707
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts357875
-Node: Math symbols360036
-Node: Arrows383807
-Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath384995
-Node: Blackboard bold386514
-Node: Calligraphic387316
-Node: Delimiters387847
-Node: \left & \right390035
-Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.394043
-Node: Dots396796
-Ref: ellipses cdots397227
-Ref: ellipses ddots397372
-Ref: ellipses ldots397453
-Ref: ellipses vdots397870
-Node: Greek letters399054
-Node: Math functions400733
-Node: Math accents402377
-Node: Over- and Underlining403276
-Node: Spacing in math mode405103
-Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace406038
-Ref: spacing in math mode medspace406463
-Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace406890
-Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace406890
-Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace407371
-Ref: spacing in math mode quad407698
-Ref: spacing in math mode qquad407954
-Node: \smash408292
-Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom410509
-Node: \mathstrut413056
-Node: Math miscellany414018
-Node: Colon character & \colon414524
-Node: \*415217
-Node: \frac415797
-Node: \sqrt416168
-Node: \stackrel416754
-Node: Modes417027
-Ref: modes paragraph mode417477
-Ref: modes lr mode417673
-Ref: modes math mode418279
-Ref: modes vertical mode418614
-Ref: modes internal vertical mode418785
-Ref: modes inner paragraph mode419258
-Ref: modes outer paragraph mode419258
-Node: \ensuremath419672
-Node: Page styles420377
-Node: \maketitle421140
-Node: \pagenumbering424158
-Node: \pagestyle426146
-Node: \thispagestyle429648
-Node: Spaces430602
-Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad431922
-Node: \hspace432837
-Node: \hfill434675
-Node: \hss435739
-Node: \spacefactor436433
-Node: \@439820
-Ref: \AT439920
-Node: \frenchspacing441860
-Node: \normalsfcodes442695
-Node: \(SPACE)442942
-Node: ~444732
-Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace447309
-Node: \/448480
-Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill450436
-Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip451792
-Ref: bigskip452610
-Ref: medskip452814
-Ref: smallskip453023
-Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak453684
-Node: \strut454670
-Node: \vspace457865
-Node: \vfill459429
-Node: \addvspace460357
-Node: Boxes462353
-Node: \mbox & \makebox463059
-Ref: mbox makebox depth464327
-Ref: mbox makebox height464327
-Ref: mbox makebox width464327
-Ref: mbox makebox totalheight464327
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-Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule467736
-Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep467926
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-Node: \raisebox471322
-Ref: raisebox depth472295
-Ref: raisebox height472295
-Ref: raisebox width472295
-Ref: raisebox totalheight472295
-Node: \sbox & \savebox472996
-Node: lrbox476058
-Node: \usebox476944
-Node: Color477383
-Node: Color package options478182
-Node: Color models479828
-Ref: color models cmyk480625
-Ref: color models gray480988
-Ref: color models rgb481137
-Ref: color models RGB481474
-Ref: color models named481849
-Node: Commands for color482137
-Node: Define colors482552
-Node: Colored text483277
-Node: Colored boxes485674
-Node: Colored pages487063
-Node: Graphics487756
-Node: Graphics package options489883
-Node: Graphics package configuration492636
-Node: \graphicspath493438
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions496396
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule498214
-Node: Commands for graphics501395
-Node: \includegraphics501900
-Ref: includegraphics width506963
-Ref: includegraphics height507496
-Ref: includegraphics totalheight507902
-Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio508166
-Ref: includegraphics viewport509852
-Ref: includegraphics trim510247
-Ref: includegraphics clip510703
-Ref: includegraphics page510963
-Ref: includegraphics pagebox511054
-Ref: includegraphics interpolate511919
-Ref: includegraphics quiet512124
-Ref: includegraphics draft512285
-Ref: includegraphics bb513090
-Ref: includegraphics bbllx513488
-Ref: includegraphics bblly513488
-Ref: includegraphics bburx513488
-Ref: includegraphics bbury513488
-Ref: includegraphics natwidth513630
-Ref: includegraphics natheight513630
-Ref: includegraphics hiresbb513816
-Ref: includegraphics type514578
-Ref: includegraphics ext514618
-Ref: includegraphics read514721
-Ref: includegraphics command514838
-Node: \rotatebox515084
-Node: \scalebox517938
-Node: \resizebox518994
-Node: Special insertions520186
-Node: Reserved characters521054
-Node: Upper and lower case522314
-Node: Symbols by font position524700
-Node: Text symbols525379
-Node: Accents530363
-Node: \accent532516
-Node: Additional Latin letters534278
-Ref: Non-English characters534460
-Node: inputenc package535479
-Node: \rule538029
-Node: \today539217
-Node: Splitting the input540153
-Node: \endinput541895
-Node: \include & \includeonly543198
-Node: \input547495
-Node: Front/back matter548710
-Node: Table of contents etc.549043
-Node: \@dottedtocline554748
-Node: \addcontentsline556294
-Node: \addtocontents559172
-Node: \contentsline561389
-Node: \nofiles563082
-Node: \numberline563833
-Node: Indexes564948
-Node: \index566622
-Node: makeindex571727
-Ref: makeindex preamble573395
-Ref: makeindex postamble573535
-Ref: makeindex group skip573620
-Ref: makeindex letheadflag573953
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-Ref: makeindex lethead suffix574566
-Ref: makeindex item 0574714
-Ref: makeindex item 1574794
-Ref: makeindex item 2574869
-Ref: makeindex item 01574947
-Ref: makeindex item x1575052
-Ref: makeindex item 12575257
-Ref: makeindex item x2575365
-Ref: makeindex delim 0575525
-Ref: makeindex delim 1575655
-Ref: makeindex delim 2575785
-Ref: makeindex delim n575911
-Ref: makeindex delim r576046
-Ref: makeindex line max576154
-Ref: makeindex indent space576289
-Ref: makeindex indent length576384
-Ref: makeindex page precedence576569
-Node: \printindex577604
-Node: Glossaries578077
-Node: \newglossaryentry580044
-Node: \gls581511
-Node: Letters582305
-Node: \address585923
-Node: \cc586734
-Node: \closing587176
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-Node: \makelabels588168
-Node: \name590485
-Node: \opening590726
-Node: \ps591007
-Node: \signature591296
-Node: \telephone592524
-Node: Input/output592889
-Node: \openin & \openout593619
-Node: \read596362
-Node: \typein597549
-Node: \typeout598809
-Node: \write599859
-Node: \write and security604586
-Node: \message605530
-Node: \wlog607359
-Node: \write18607860
-Node: Command line interface611351
-Ref: Command line611515
-Node: Command line options613668
-Ref: interaction modes614671
-Ref: output directory615625
-Node: Command line input617324
-Node: Jobname619355
-Node: Recovering from errors622497
-Node: Document templates623925
-Node: beamer template624359
-Node: article template625001
-Node: book template625464
-Node: Larger book template625943
-Node: Index627485
-Ref: Command Index627571
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts356755
+Node: Math symbols358916
+Node: Arrows382687
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath383875
+Node: Blackboard bold385394
+Node: Calligraphic386196
+Node: Delimiters386727
+Node: \left & \right388915
+Node: \bigl & \bigr etc.392923
+Node: Dots395676
+Ref: ellipses cdots396107
+Ref: ellipses ddots396252
+Ref: ellipses ldots396333
+Ref: ellipses vdots396750
+Node: Greek letters397934
+Node: Math functions399613
+Node: Math accents401257
+Node: Over- and Underlining402156
+Node: Spacing in math mode403983
+Ref: spacing in math mode thickspace404914
+Ref: spacing in math mode medspace405365
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace405821
+Ref: spacing in math mode thinspace405821
+Ref: spacing in math mode negthinspace406302
+Ref: spacing in math mode quad406675
+Ref: spacing in math mode qquad406931
+Node: \smash407269
+Node: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom409486
+Node: \mathstrut412033
+Node: Math styles412995
+Node: Math miscellany415735
+Node: Colon character & \colon416232
+Node: \*416925
+Node: \frac417505
+Node: \sqrt417876
+Node: \stackrel418462
+Node: Modes418735
+Ref: modes paragraph mode419185
+Ref: modes lr mode419381
+Ref: modes math mode419987
+Ref: modes vertical mode420322
+Ref: modes internal vertical mode420493
+Ref: modes inner paragraph mode420966
+Ref: modes outer paragraph mode420966
+Node: \ensuremath421380
+Node: Page styles422085
+Node: \maketitle422848
+Node: \pagenumbering425866
+Node: \pagestyle427854
+Node: \thispagestyle431356
+Node: Spaces432310
+Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad433630
+Node: \hspace434545
+Node: \hfill436383
+Node: \hss437447
+Node: \spacefactor438141
+Node: \@441528
+Ref: \AT441628
+Node: \frenchspacing443568
+Node: \normalsfcodes444403
+Node: \(SPACE)444650
+Node: ~446440
+Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace449017
+Node: \/450188
+Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill452144
+Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip453500
+Ref: bigskip454318
+Ref: medskip454522
+Ref: smallskip454731
+Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak455392
+Node: \strut456378
+Node: \vspace459573
+Node: \vfill461137
+Node: \addvspace462065
+Node: Boxes464061
+Node: \mbox & \makebox464767
+Ref: mbox makebox depth466035
+Ref: mbox makebox height466035
+Ref: mbox makebox width466035
+Ref: mbox makebox totalheight466035
+Node: \fbox & \framebox468130
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxrule469444
+Ref: fbox framebox fboxsep469634
+Node: \parbox470724
+Node: \raisebox473030
+Ref: raisebox depth474003
+Ref: raisebox height474003
+Ref: raisebox width474003
+Ref: raisebox totalheight474003
+Node: \sbox & \savebox474704
+Node: lrbox477766
+Node: \usebox478652
+Node: Color479091
+Node: Color package options479890
+Node: Color models481536
+Ref: color models cmyk482333
+Ref: color models gray482696
+Ref: color models rgb482845
+Ref: color models RGB483182
+Ref: color models named483557
+Node: Commands for color483845
+Node: Define colors484260
+Node: Colored text484985
+Node: Colored boxes487382
+Node: Colored pages488771
+Node: Graphics489464
+Node: Graphics package options491591
+Node: Graphics package configuration494344
+Node: \graphicspath495146
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions498104
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule499922
+Node: Commands for graphics503103
+Node: \includegraphics503608
+Ref: includegraphics width508671
+Ref: includegraphics height509204
+Ref: includegraphics totalheight509610
+Ref: includegraphics keepaspectratio509874
+Ref: includegraphics viewport511560
+Ref: includegraphics trim511955
+Ref: includegraphics clip512411
+Ref: includegraphics page512671
+Ref: includegraphics pagebox512762
+Ref: includegraphics interpolate513627
+Ref: includegraphics quiet513832
+Ref: includegraphics draft513993
+Ref: includegraphics bb514798
+Ref: includegraphics bbllx515196
+Ref: includegraphics bblly515196
+Ref: includegraphics bburx515196
+Ref: includegraphics bbury515196
+Ref: includegraphics natwidth515338
+Ref: includegraphics natheight515338
+Ref: includegraphics hiresbb515524
+Ref: includegraphics type516286
+Ref: includegraphics ext516326
+Ref: includegraphics read516429
+Ref: includegraphics command516546
+Node: \rotatebox516792
+Node: \scalebox519646
+Node: \resizebox520702
+Node: Special insertions521894
+Node: Reserved characters522762
+Node: Upper and lower case524022
+Node: Symbols by font position526408
+Node: Text symbols527087
+Node: Accents532071
+Node: \accent534224
+Node: Additional Latin letters535986
+Ref: Non-English characters536168
+Node: inputenc package537187
+Node: \rule539737
+Node: \today540925
+Node: Splitting the input541861
+Node: \endinput543603
+Node: \include & \includeonly544906
+Node: \input549203
+Node: Front/back matter550418
+Node: Table of contents etc.550751
+Node: \@dottedtocline556456
+Node: \addcontentsline558002
+Node: \addtocontents560880
+Node: \contentsline563097
+Node: \nofiles564790
+Node: \numberline565541
+Node: Indexes566656
+Node: \index568330
+Node: makeindex573435
+Ref: makeindex preamble575103
+Ref: makeindex postamble575243
+Ref: makeindex group skip575328
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag575661
+Ref: makeindex lethead prefix576122
+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix576274
+Ref: makeindex item 0576422
+Ref: makeindex item 1576502
+Ref: makeindex item 2576577
+Ref: makeindex item 01576655
+Ref: makeindex item x1576760
+Ref: makeindex item 12576965
+Ref: makeindex item x2577073
+Ref: makeindex delim 0577233
+Ref: makeindex delim 1577363
+Ref: makeindex delim 2577493
+Ref: makeindex delim n577619
+Ref: makeindex delim r577754
+Ref: makeindex line max577862
+Ref: makeindex indent space577997
+Ref: makeindex indent length578092
+Ref: makeindex page precedence578277
+Node: \printindex579312
+Node: Glossaries579785
+Node: \newglossaryentry581752
+Node: \gls583219
+Node: Letters584013
+Node: \address587631
+Node: \cc588442
+Node: \closing588884
+Node: \encl589198
+Node: \location589612
+Node: \makelabels589876
+Node: \name592193
+Node: \opening592434
+Node: \ps592715
+Node: \signature593004
+Node: \telephone594232
+Node: Input/output594597
+Node: \openin & \openout595327
+Node: \read598070
+Node: \typein599257
+Node: \typeout600517
+Node: \write601567
+Node: \write and security606294
+Node: \message607238
+Node: \wlog609067
+Node: \write18609568
+Node: Command line interface613059
+Ref: Command line613223
+Node: Command line options615376
+Ref: interaction modes616379
+Ref: output directory617333
+Node: Command line input619032
+Node: Jobname621063
+Node: Recovering from errors624205
+Node: Document templates625633
+Node: beamer template626067
+Node: article template626709
+Node: book template627172
+Node: Larger book template627651
+Node: Index629193
+Ref: Command Index629279
 
 End Tag Table
 

Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)

Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi	2021-08-05 06:25:11 UTC (rev 945)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi	2021-08-05 15:58:19 UTC (rev 946)
@@ -11674,35 +11674,6 @@
 \end@{displaymath@}}.  These environments can only be used in paragraph
 mode (@pxref{Modes}).
 
- at findex \displaystyle
-The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
-One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
-math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together.
-
-Sometimes you want the display math typographical treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode.  For this, the @code{\displaystyle} declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
- at code{displaymath}.  Thus @code{\(\displaystyle \sum_@{n=0@}^\infty
-x_n\)} will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it.  Another example is that
-
- at example
-\begin@{tabular@}@{r|cc@}
-  \textsc@{Name@}  &\textsc@{Series@}  &\textsc@{Sum@}  \\  \hline
-  Arithmetic     &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
-                   &\( na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac@{b@}@{2@}\)  \\
-  Geometric      &\( a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^@{n-1@} \)
-                   &\(\displaystyle a\cdot\frac@{1-b^n@}@{1-b@}\)  \\
-\end@{tabular@}
- at end example
-
- at noindent
-because it has no @code{\displaystyle}, the @samp{Arithmetic} line's
-fraction will be scrunched.  But, because of its @code{\displaystyle},
-the @samp{Geometric} line's fraction will be easy to read, with
-characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
-
 @PkgIndex{amsmath}
 @PkgIndex{amsfonts}
 @PkgIndex{mathtools}
@@ -11715,12 +11686,13 @@
 see their documentation on CTAN.
 
 @menu
-* Subscripts & superscripts::   Also known as exponent or index.
+* Subscripts & superscripts::   Also known as exponents or indices.
 * Math symbols::                Various mathematical squiggles.
 * Math functions::              Math function names like sin and exp.
 * Math accents::                Accents in math.
 * Over- and Underlining::       Things over or under formulas.
 * Spacing in math mode::        Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
+* Math styles::                 Determine the size of things.
 * Math miscellany::             Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
 @end menu
 
@@ -13859,15 +13831,16 @@
 @findex \thickspace
 @anchor{spacing in math mode thickspace}
 @PkgIndex{amsmath}
-Synonym: @code{\thickspace}.  Normally @code{5.0mu plus 5.0mu}.
-With @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
+Synonym: @code{\thickspace}.  Normally @code{5.0mu plus 5.0mu}.  With
+the @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release,
+can be used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode
+only.
 
 @item \negthickspace
 @findex \negthickspace
-Normally @code{-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu}.
-With @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
+Normally @code{-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu}.  With the @file{amsmath}
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
 
 @item \:
 @itemx \>
@@ -13875,15 +13848,16 @@
 @findex \>
 @findex \medspace
 @anchor{spacing in math mode medspace}
-Synonym: @code{\medspace}.  Normally @code{4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu}.
-With @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+Synonym: @code{\medspace}.  Normally @code{4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
+4.0mu}.  With the @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+ at LaTeX{} release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before
+that, in math mode only.
 
 @item \negmedspace
 @findex \negmedspace
-Normally @code{-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu}.
-With @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be
-used in text mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
+Normally @code{-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu}.  With the @file{amsmath}
+package, or as of the 2020-10-01 @LaTeX{} release, can be used in text
+mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
 
 @item \,
 @findex \,
@@ -13912,7 +13886,7 @@
 @cindex thin space, negative
 @anchor{spacing in math mode negthinspace}
 Synonym: @code{\negthinspace}. A negative thin space. Normally
- at code{-3mu}.  With @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01
+ at code{-3mu}.  With the @file{amsmath} package, or as of the 2020-10-01
 @LaTeX{} release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode;
 otherwise, the @code{\!} command is math mode only but the
 @code{\negthinspace} command has always also worked in text mode
@@ -14130,6 +14104,101 @@
 amount of space, use @code{\rule} with a width of zero.  @xref{\rule}.
 
 
+ at node Math styles
+ at section Math styles
+
+ at cindex math styles
+
+ at TeX{}'s rules for typesetting a formula depend on the context.  For
+example, inside a displayed equation, the input @code{\sum_@{0\leq
+i<n@}k^m=\frac@{n^@{m+1@}@}@{m+1@}+\mbox@{lower order terms@}} will give
+output with the summation index centered below the summation symbol.
+But if that input is inline then the summation index is off to the right
+rather than below, so it won't push the lines apart.  Similarly, in a
+displayed context, the symbols in the numerator and denominator will be
+larger than for an inline context, and in display math subscripts and
+superscripts are further apart then they are in inline math.
+
+ at TeX{} uses four math styles.
+
+ at itemize @bullet
+
+ at cindex display style
+ at item
+Display style is for a formula displayed on a line by itself, such as
+with @code{\begin@{equation@} ... \end@{equation@}}.
+
+ at cindex text style
+ at item
+Text style is for an inline formula, as with @samp{so we have $ ... $}.
+
+ at cindex script style
+ at item
+Script style is for parts of a formula in a subscript or superscript.
+
+ at cindex scriptscript style
+ at item
+Scriptscript style is for parts of a formula at a second level (or more)
+of subscripting or superscripting.
+
+ at end itemize
+
+ at findex \displaystyle
+ at findex \textstyle
+ at findex \scriptstyle
+ at findex \scriptscriptstyle
+ at TeX{} determines a default math style but you can override it with a
+declaration of @code{\displaystyle}, or @code{\textstyle}, or
+ at code{\scriptstyle}, or @code{\scriptscriptstyle}.
+
+In this example, the @samp{Arithmetic} line's fraction will look
+scrunched.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{tabular@}@{r|cc@}
+  \textsc@{Name@}  &\textsc@{Series@}  &\textsc@{Sum@}  \\  \hline
+  Arithmetic     &$a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b)$
+                   &$na+(n-1)n\cdot\frac@{b@}@{2@}$  \\
+  Geometric      &$a+ab+ab^2+\cdots+ab^@{n-1@}$
+                   &$\displaystyle a\cdot\frac@{1-b^n@}@{1-b@}$  \\
+\end@{tabular@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+But because of the @code{\displaystyle} declaration,
+the @samp{Geometric} line's fraction will be easy to read, with
+characters the same size as in the rest of the line.
+
+Another example is that, compared to the same input without the
+declaration, the result of
+
+ at example
+we get
+$\pi=2\cdot@{\displaystyle\int_@{x=0@}^1 \sqrt@{1-x^2@}\,dx@}$
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+will have an integral sign that is much taller.  Note that here the
+ at code{\displaystyle} applies to only part of the formula, and it is
+delimited by being inside curly braces, as @samp{@{\displaystyle ...@}}.
+
+The last example is a continued fraction.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+a_0+\frac@{1@}@{
+       \displaystyle a_1+\frac@{\mathstrut 1@}@{
+       \displaystyle a_2+\frac@{\mathstrut 1@}@{
+       \displaystyle a_3@}@}@}
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+Without the @code{\displaystyle} declarations, the denominators would be
+set in script style and scriptscript style.  (The @code{\mathstrut}
+improves the height of the denominators; @pxref{\mathstrut}.)
+
+
 @node Math miscellany
 @section Math miscellany
 



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