[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r649 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Tue Jun 12 18:26:48 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-06-12 19:26:48 +0300 (Tue, 12 Jun 2018)
New Revision: 649
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
More in sectioning, including adding \appendix and \frontmatter, and a template for article, and a longer book template
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-12 16:26:48 UTC (rev 649)
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+2018-06-12 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (Sectioning) Add subsections for \appendix and for
+ \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter. List the sectioning
+ parameters secnumdepth and tocdepth. Add Larger book template in
+ part as example of frontmatter, appendix, etc. Also add article
+ template. Adjust wording of some other sections, such as Tables
+ of Contents, to fit changes. Add examples. Adjust wording of main
+ Sectioning section.
+
2018-06-11 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (Sectioning) Make subsections for \part, \chapter,
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-12 16:26:48 UTC (rev 649)
@@ -183,7 +183,9 @@
<li><a name="toc-_005csection-1" href="#g_t_005csection">6.3 <code>\section</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005csubsection-1" href="#g_t_005csubsection">6.4 <code>\subsection</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">6.5 <code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040startsection-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.6 <code>\@startsection</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cappendix-1" href="#g_t_005cappendix">6.6 <code>\appendix</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter" href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">6.7 <code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040startsection-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.8 <code>\@startsection</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -488,8 +490,10 @@
<li><a name="toc-Document-templates-1" href="#Document-templates">Appendix A Document templates</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-beamer-template-1" href="#beamer-template">A.1 <code>beamer</code> template</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="#book-template">A.2 <code>book</code> template</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-tugboat-template-1" href="#tugboat-template">A.3 <code>tugboat</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-article-template-1" href="#article-template">A.2 <code>article</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="#book-template">A.3 <code>book</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Larger-book-template-1" href="#Larger-book-template">A.4 Larger <code>book</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-tugboat-template-1" href="#tugboat-template">A.5 <code>tugboat</code> template</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Concept-Index-1" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Command-Index-1" href="#Command-Index">Command Index</a></li>
@@ -3250,93 +3254,101 @@
<a name="index-_005cparagraph"></a>
<a name="index-_005csubparagraph"></a>
-<p>Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
-Below are LaTeX’s standard sectioning commands. All are available in
-all of LaTeX’s standard document classes <code>book</code>, <code>report</code>,
-and <code>article</code>, except that <code>\chapter</code> is not available in
-<code>article</code>.
+<p>Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc. All
+sectioning commands have the same form, one of:
</p>
-<table>
-<thead><tr><th width="25%">Sectioning unit</th><th width="25%">Command</th><th width="10%">Level</th></tr></thead>
-<tr><td width="25%">Part</td><td width="25%"><code>\part</code></td><td width="10%">-1</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Chapter</td><td width="25%"><code>\chapter</code></td><td width="10%">0</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Section</td><td width="25%"><code>\section</code></td><td width="10%">1</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Subsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsection</code></td><td width="10%">2</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Subsubsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsubsection</code></td><td width="10%">3</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Paragraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\paragraph</code></td><td width="10%">4</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="25%">Subparagraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\subparagraph</code></td><td width="10%">5</td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p>All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
-</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>sectioning-command</var>{<var>title</var>}
<var>sectioning-command</var>*{<var>title</var>}
<var>sectioning-command</var>[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering
-something like <code>\section{Introduction}</code>.
+<p>For instance, declare the start of a subsection with something like
+<code>\subsection{Motivation}</code>.
</p>
+<p>The table has each <var>sectioning-command</var> in LaTeX. All are
+available in all of LaTeX’s standard document classes <code>book</code>,
+<code>report</code>, and <code>article</code>, except that <code>\chapter</code> is
+not available in <code>article</code>.
+</p>
+<table>
+<thead><tr><th width="25%">Sectioning unit</th><th width="25%">Command</th><th width="40%">Level</th></tr></thead>
+<tr><td width="25%">Part</td><td width="25%"><code>\part</code></td><td width="40%">-1 (<code>book</code>, <code>report</code>), 0 (<code>article</code>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Chapter</td><td width="25%"><code>\chapter</code></td><td width="40%">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Section</td><td width="25%"><code>\section</code></td><td width="40%">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsection</code></td><td width="40%">2</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subsubsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsubsection</code></td><td width="40%">3</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Paragraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\paragraph</code></td><td width="40%">4</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subparagraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\subparagraph</code></td><td width="40%">5</td></tr>
+</table>
+
<a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands"></a>
<p>All these commands have a <code>*</code>-form that prints <var>title</var> as usual
but is not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
+An example of using this is for an appendix in an <code>article</code> . The
+input <code>\appendix\section{Appendix}</code> gives the output ‘<samp>A
+Appendix</samp>’ (see <a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a>). You can lose the numbering ‘<samp>A</samp>’
+by instead entering <code>\section*{Appendix}</code> (articles often omit a
+table of contents and have simple page headers so this difference may
+not matter).
</p>
-<p>In addition to providing the heading <var>title</var> in the main text, the
-section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
-head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>).
-You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
-headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
-argument <var>toc-title</var>, for the text for these other places.
+<p>The section title <var>title</var> provides the heading in the main text, but
+it may also appear in the table of contents and in the running head or
+foot (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>). You may not want the same text in these
+places as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
+argument <var>toc-title</var> for these other places.
</p>
-<p>The level number in the table above determine which sectional units are
+<p>The level number in the table above determines which sectional units are
numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the sectioning
command’s <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of the counter
<code>secnumdepth</code> then the titles for this sectioning command will be
-numbered. For instance, in an <code>article</code>, if <code>secnumdepth</code> is
-1 then a <code>\section{Introduction}</code> command will produce output
-like ‘<samp>1 Introduction</samp>’ while <code>\subsection{Discussion}</code> will
-produce output like ‘<samp>Discussion</samp>’, without the number
-(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a>). And, if <var>level</var> is less than or
-equal to the value of the counter <code>tocdepth</code> then the table of
-contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit. For instance, if
-<code>tocdepth</code> is 1 then the table of contents will list sections
-but not subsections. To change either counter, see <a href="#Counters">Counters</a>.
+numbered (see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a>). And, if <var>level</var> is less
+than or equal to the value of the counter <code>tocdepth</code> then the table
+of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
</p>
<p>LaTeX expects that before you have a <code>\subsection</code> you will have
a <code>\section</code> and, in a book, that before a <code>\section</code> you will
have a <code>\chapter</code>. Otherwise you can get a something like a
subsection numbered ‘<samp>3.0.1</samp>’.
</p>
-<a name="index-_005cappendix"></a>
-<a name="index-appendix_002c-creating"></a>
-<p>The <code>\appendix</code> command changes the way following sectional units
-are numbered. In a <code>book</code>, entering this
+<p>Two counters relate to the appearance of sectioning commands.
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\chapter{A Chapter}
- ...
-\appendix
-\chapter{The First Appendix}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>causes the appendix to be numbered ‘<samp>Appendix A</samp>’.
-</p>
-<a name="index-secnumdepth-counter"></a>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>secnumdepth</code>
+<a name="index-secnumdepth"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-secnumdepth-counter"></a>
<a name="index-section-numbers_002c-printing"></a>
-<a name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"></a><p>The <code>secnumdepth</code> counter controls printing of section numbers.
-The setting
+<a name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"></a><p>Controls which sectioning commands are numbered. The setting
+<code>\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<var>level</var>}</code> suppresses numbering of
+sectioning at any depth greater than <var>level</var> (see <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a>).
+See the above table for the level numbers. For instance, in an
+<code>article</code>, if <code>secnumdepth</code> is 1 then a
+<code>\section{Introduction}</code> command will produce output like ‘<samp>1
+Introduction</samp>’ while <code>\subsection{Discussion}</code> will produce output
+like ‘<samp>Discussion</samp>’, without the number. LaTeX’s default
+<code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <samp>article</samp> class and 2 in the
+<samp>book</samp> and <samp>report</samp> classes.
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<var>level</var>}
-</pre></div>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>tocdepth</code>
+<a name="index-tocdepth"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-tocdepth-counter"></a>
+<a name="index-table-of-contents_002c-sectioning-numbers-printed"></a>
+<a name="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"></a><p>Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents.
+The setting <code>\setcounter{tocdepth}{<var>level</var>}</code> makes the
+sectioning units at <var>level</var> be the smallest ones listed
+(see <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a>). See the above table for the level numbers. For
+instance, if <code>tocdepth</code> is 1 then the table of contents will
+list sections but not subsections. LaTeX’s default
+<code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <samp>article</samp> class and 2 in the
+<samp>book</samp> and <samp>report</samp> classes.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
-<p>suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
-division at level <var>level</var>. See <a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a> for the level numbers.
-LaTeX’s default <code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <samp>article</samp> class
-and 2 in the <samp>book</samp> and <samp>report</samp> classes
-(see <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a>).
-</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cpart" accesskey="1">\part</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a part.
</td></tr>
@@ -3348,8 +3360,12 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="5">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Lower divisions.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="6">\@startsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="6">\appendix</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start appendices.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="7">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The three parts of a book.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="8">\@startsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Layout of sectional units.
+</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -3412,6 +3428,10 @@
<pre class="example">\part[Up from the bottom; my life story]{Up from the bottom\\ my life story}
</pre></div>
+<p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a part is -1
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
+</p>
<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst"></a>
<a name="index-indentfirst-package"></a>
@@ -3496,9 +3516,9 @@
<pre class="example">\chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]{Given it all at birth\\ my life story}
</pre></div>
-<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
-is 0.
+<p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is 0
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"></a>
<a name="index-indentfirst-package-1"></a>
@@ -3623,9 +3643,9 @@
<pre class="example">\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story}
</pre></div>
-<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
-is 1.
+<p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"></a>
<a name="index-indentfirst-package-2"></a>
@@ -3715,9 +3735,9 @@
<p>but only ‘<samp>α,β,γ
paper</samp>’ on the contents page.
</p>
-<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
-is 2.
+<p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is 2
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-3"></a>
<a name="index-indentfirst-package-3"></a>
@@ -3752,7 +3772,7 @@
<a name="g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\@startsection</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsection</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="n" rel="next">\appendix</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsection</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph"></a>
@@ -3822,9 +3842,10 @@
in the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>). If it is not
present then <var>title</var> will be there.
</p>
-<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection
-is 3, of a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5.
+<p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection is 3, of
+a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-4"></a>
<a name="index-indentfirst-package-4"></a>
@@ -3843,13 +3864,112 @@
</p>
<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cappendix"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+
+<a name="g_t_005cappendix-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.6 <code>\appendix</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005cappendix"></a>
+<a name="index-appendix"></a>
+<a name="index-appendices"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\appendix
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In a book or report declare that subsequent <code>\chapter</code> commands
+start an appendix. In an article it does the same, for <code>\section</code>
+commands. It also resets the <code>chapter</code> and <code>section</code> counters
+to 0 in a book or report, and in an article resets the
+<code>section</code> and <code>subsection</code> counters.
+</p>
+<p>In this book
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter{One} ...
+\chapter{Two} ...
+ ...
+\appendix
+\chapter{Three} ...
+\chapter{Four} ...
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>the first two will generate output numbered ‘<samp>Chapter 1</samp>’ and
+‘<samp>Chapter 2</samp>’. After the <code>\appendix</code> the numbering will be
+‘<samp>Appendix A</samp>’ and ‘<samp>Appendix B</samp>’. See <a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a>
+for another example.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-appendix"></a>
+<a name="index-appendix-package"></a>
+<p>The <samp>appendix</samp> package adds the command
+<code>\appendixpage</code> to put a separate ‘<samp>Appendices</samp>’ in the document
+body before the first appendix, and the command <code>\addappheadtotoc</code>
+to do the same in the table of contents. You can reset the name
+‘<samp>Appendix</samp>’ with a command like
+<code>\renewcommand{\appendixname}{Specification}</code>, as well as a
+number of other features. See the documentation on CTAN.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\@startsection</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\appendix</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+
+<a name="g_t_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.7 <code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005cfrontmatter"></a>
+<a name="index-book_002c-front-matter"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cmainmatter"></a>
+<a name="index-book_002c-main-matter"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cbackmatter"></a>
+<a name="index-book_002c-back-matter"></a>
+<a name="index-book_002c-end-matter"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\frontmatter
+\mainmatter
+\backmatter
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Format a <code>book</code> class document differently according to which part
+of the document is being produced. All three commands are optional.
+</p>
+<p>Traditionally, a book’s front matter contains such things as the title
+page, an abstract, a table of contents, a preface, a list of notations,
+a list of figures, and a list of tables. (Some of these front matter
+pages, such as the title page, are traditionally not numbered.) The
+back matter may contain such things as a glossary, notes, a
+bibliography, and an index.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\frontmatter</code> declaration makes the pages numbered in lower
+case roman, and makes chapters not numbered, although each chapter’s
+title appears in the table of contents; if you use other sectioning
+commands here, use the <code>*</code>-version (see <a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a>). The
+<code>\mainmatter</code> changes the behavior back to the expected version,
+and resets the page number. The <code>\backmatter</code> leaves the page
+numbering alone but switches the chapters back to being not numbered.
+See <a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a> for an example using the three.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.6 <code>\@startsection</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">6.8 <code>\@startsection</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005c_0040startsection"></a>
<a name="index-section_002c-redefining"></a>
@@ -3900,26 +4020,22 @@
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>level</var></dt>
-<dd><a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002flevel"></a><p>An integer giving the depth of the
-sectioning command: 0 for <code>chapter</code> (only applies to the standard
-<code>book</code> and <code>report</code> classes), 1 for <code>section</code>, 2 for
-<code>subsection</code>, 3 for <code>subsubsection</code>, 4 for <code>paragraph</code>,
-and 5 for <code>subparagraph</code>. In the <code>book</code> and <code>report</code>
-classes <code>part</code> has level -1, while in the <code>article</code> class
-<code>part</code> has level 0.
+<dd><a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002flevel"></a><p>An integer giving the depth of the sectioning command.
+See <a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a> for the list of standard level numbers.
</p>
-<p>If <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of <code>secnumdepth</code>
-then the titles for this sectioning command will be numbered. For
-instance, in an <code>article</code>, if <code>secnumdepth</code> is 1 then a
+<p>If <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+<code>secnumdepth</code> then the titles for this sectioning command will be
+numbered (see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a>). For instance, in an
+<code>article</code>, if <code>secnumdepth</code> is 1 then a
<code>\section{Introduction}</code> command will produce output like “1
Introduction” while <code>\subsection{Discussion}</code> will produce
output like “Discussion”, without the number prefix.
-See <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a>.
</p>
-<p>If <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of <var>tocdepth</var> then
-the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit.
-For instance, in an <code>article</code>, if <var>tocdepth</var> is 1 then the table of
-contents will list sections but not subsections.
+<p>If <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+<var>tocdepth</var> then the table of contents will have an entry for this
+sectioning unit (see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>). For instance, in an
+<code>article</code>, if <var>tocdepth</var> is 1 then the table of contents will
+list sections but not subsections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>indent</var></dt>
@@ -13998,7 +14114,7 @@
<dt><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code>
<a name="index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><p>Put a horizontal line over <var>tex</var>. Works inside math mode, and
+<dd><p>Put a horizontal line over <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and
outside. For example, <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
Note that this differs from the command <code>\bar</code> (see <a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
</p>
@@ -18208,7 +18324,8 @@
material in the first chapter but will retain the page numbers and all
of the cross reference information from the preface and second chapter.
</p>
-
+<p>See <a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a> for another example of <code>\includeonly</code>.
+</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cendinput" accesskey="1">\endinput</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stop including material from a file.
</td></tr>
@@ -18349,6 +18466,10 @@
<a href="#g_t_005cinput">\input</a> (which, however, does not retain the auxiliary
information).
</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a> for another example using <code>\include</code>
+and <code>\includeonly</code>. That example also uses <code>\input</code> for some
+material that will not necessarily start on a new page.
+</p>
<p>File names can involve paths.
</p>
<div class="example">
@@ -18473,6 +18594,9 @@
contents to go; LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must
have generated a <samp>.toc</samp> file.
</p>
+<p>The counter <code>tocdepth</code> determines which of parts, chapters,
+sections, etc., are listed (see <a href="#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>).
+</p>
<p>The <code>\tableofcontents</code> command produces a heading, but it does
not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the
table of contents, write a <code>\newpage</code> command after the
@@ -19301,10 +19425,14 @@
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="1">beamer template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#book-template" accesskey="2">book template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#article-template" accesskey="2">article template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="3">tugboat template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#book-template" accesskey="3">book template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Larger-book-template" accesskey="4">Larger book template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="5">tugboat template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -19312,7 +19440,7 @@
<a name="beamer-template"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#article-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">article template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="beamer-template-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.1 <code>beamer</code> template</h3>
@@ -19350,16 +19478,47 @@
</p>
<hr>
+<a name="article-template"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">book template</a>, Previous: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">beamer template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="article-template-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">A.2 <code>article</code> template</h3>
+
+<a name="index-template_002c-article"></a>
+
+<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass{article}
+\title{Article Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\section{First section}
+Some text.
+
+\subsection{First section, first subsection}
+Additional text.
+
+\section{Second section}
+Some more text.
+\end{document}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
<a name="book-template"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>, Previous: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">beamer template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Larger-book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">Larger book template</a>, Previous: <a href="#article-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">article template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="book-template-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">A.2 <code>book</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section">A.3 <code>book</code> template</h3>
<a name="index-template_002c-book"></a>
+<p>This is a straightforward template for a book. See See <a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a> for a more elaborate one.
+</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass{book}
\title{Book Class Template}
\author{Alex Author}
@@ -19379,13 +19538,72 @@
</pre>
<hr>
+<a name="Larger-book-template"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>, Previous: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Larger-book-template-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">A.4 Larger <code>book</code> template</h3>
+
+<a name="index-template_002c-book-1"></a>
+
+<p>This is a more elaborate template for a book. It has
+<code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, and <code>\backmatter</code> to
+control the typography of the three main areas of a book
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a>). The book has a
+bibliography and an index.
+</p>
+<p>Notable is that it uses <code>\include</code> and <code>\includeonly</code>
+(see <a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a>). While you are working on a chapter you
+can comment out all the other chapter entries from the argument to
+<code>\includeonly</code>. That will speed up compilation without losing any
+information such as cross-references. (Material that does not need to
+come on a new page is brought in with <code>\input</code> instead of
+<code>\include</code>. You don’t get the cross-reference benefit this way.)
+</p>
+<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass[titlepage]{book}
+\usepackage{makeidx}\makeindex
+
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\includeonly{%
+ frontcover,
+ preface,
+ chap1,
+ ...
+ }
+\begin{document}
+\frontmatter
+\include{frontcover}
+\maketitle \input{dedication} \input{copyright} % you can comment out this line while working
+\tableofcontents
+\include{preface}
+\mainmatter
+\include{chap1}
+ ...
+\appendix
+\include{appena}
+ ...
+\backmatter
+\bibliographystyle{apalike}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}
+\bibliography
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Index}
+\printindex
+\include{backcover}
+\end{document}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
<a name="tugboat-template"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Larger-book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Larger book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="tugboat-template-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">A.3 <code>tugboat</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section">A.5 <code>tugboat</code> template</h3>
<a name="index-template_002c-TUGboat"></a>
<a name="index-TUGboat-template"></a>
@@ -19586,7 +19804,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-appendix_002c-creating">appendix, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-appendices">appendices</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-appendix">appendix</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-appendix-package"><code>appendix</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-aring">aring</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arrays_002c-math">arrays, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arrow_002c-left_002c-in-text">arrow, left, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -19627,6 +19847,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bold-math">bold math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bold-typewriter_002c-avoiding">bold typewriter, avoiding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boldface-mathematics">boldface mathematics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-book_002c-back-matter">book, back matter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-book_002c-end-matter">book, end matter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-book_002c-front-matter">book, front matter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-book_002c-main-matter">book, main matter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-box_002c-allocating-new">box, allocating new</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-box_002c-colored">box, colored</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxes">boxes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
@@ -20119,6 +20343,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-appendix"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>appendix</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -20355,9 +20580,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-file">table of contents file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-creating">table of contents, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-sectioning-numbers-printed">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tables_002c-creating">tables, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-template_002c-article">template, <code>article</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#article-template">article template</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-template_002c-beamer">template, <code>beamer</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-template_002c-book">template, <code>book</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#book-template">book template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-template_002c-book-1">template, <code>book</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-template_002c-TUGboat">template, TUGboat</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tugboat-template">tugboat template</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-templates_002c-document">templates, document</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a></td></tr>
@@ -20667,7 +20895,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005camalg"><code>\amalg</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cand-for-_005cauthor"><code>\and <span class="roman">for <code>\author</code></span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cangle"><code>\angle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cappendix"><code>\appendix</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cappendix"><code>\appendix</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005capprox"><code>\approx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d"><code>\arabic{<var>counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005carccos"><code>\arccos</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -20687,6 +20915,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d"><code>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ca_0060-_0028grave-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a` <span class="roman">(grave accent in tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029"><code>\b <span class="roman">(bar-under accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbackmatter"><code>\backmatter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbackslash"><code>\backslash</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbar"><code>\bar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbaselineskip"><code>\baselineskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -20886,6 +21115,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">\fbox and \framebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrontmatter"><code>\frontmatter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cGamma"><code>\Gamma</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -21039,6 +21269,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clongrightarrow"><code>\longrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clor"><code>\lor</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clq"><code>\lq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmainmatter"><code>\mainmatter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox"><code>\makebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox">\makebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"><code>\makebox <span class="roman">(for <code>picture</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary"><code>\makeglossary</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
@@ -21657,6 +21888,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-report-class"><code>report <span class="roman">class</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-secnumdepth"><code>secnumdepth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-secnumdepth-counter"><code>secnumdepth <span class="roman">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slides-class"><code>slides <span class="roman">class</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sloppypar"><code>sloppypar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
@@ -21671,6 +21903,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code><code>theorem</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code><code>titlepage</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-option"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocdepth"><code>tocdepth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocdepth-counter"><code>tocdepth <span class="roman">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topmargin"><code>topmargin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topnumber"><code>topnumber</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topnumber-1"><code>topnumber</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-12 16:26:48 UTC (rev 649)
@@ -1887,14 +1887,24 @@
6 Sectioning
************
-Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
-Below are LaTeX's standard sectioning commands. All are available in
+Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc. All
+sectioning commands have the same form, one of:
+
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND{TITLE}
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND*{TITLE}
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+For instance, declare the start of a subsection with something like
+'\subsection{Motivation}'.
+
+ The table has each SECTIONING-COMMAND in LaTeX. All are available in
all of LaTeX's standard document classes 'book', 'report',
and 'article', except that '\chapter' is not available in 'article'.
Sectioning unit Command Level
-----------------------------------------------
-Part '\part' -1
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+Part '\part' -1 ('book', 'report'), 0
+ ('article')
Chapter '\chapter' 0
Section '\section' 1
Subsection '\subsection' 2
@@ -1902,72 +1912,66 @@
Paragraph '\paragraph' 4
Subparagraph '\subparagraph' 5
- All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
-
- SECTIONING-COMMAND{TITLE}
- SECTIONING-COMMAND*{TITLE}
- SECTIONING-COMMAND[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
-
-For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering something
-like '\section{Introduction}'.
-
All these commands have a '*'-form that prints TITLE as usual but is
-not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
+not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents. An
+example of using this is for an appendix in an 'article' . The input
+'\appendix\section{Appendix}' gives the output 'A Appendix' (*note
+\appendix::). You can lose the numbering 'A' by instead entering
+'\section*{Appendix}' (articles often omit a table of contents and have
+simple page headers so this difference may not matter).
- In addition to providing the heading TITLE in the main text, the
-section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
-head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (*note Page styles::).
-You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
-headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
-argument TOC-TITLE, for the text for these other places.
+ The section title TITLE provides the heading in the main text, but it
+may also appear in the table of contents and in the running head or foot
+(*note Page styles::). You may not want the same text in these places
+as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional argument
+TOC-TITLE for these other places.
- The level number in the table above determine which sectional units
+ The level number in the table above determines which sectional units
are numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the
sectioning command's LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the
counter 'secnumdepth' then the titles for this sectioning command will
-be numbered. For instance, in an 'article', if 'secnumdepth' is 1 then
-a '\section{Introduction}' command will produce output like '1
-Introduction' while '\subsection{Discussion}' will produce output like
-'Discussion', without the number (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). And,
-if LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the counter 'tocdepth'
-then the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit.
-For instance, if 'tocdepth' is 1 then the table of contents will list
-sections but not subsections. To change either counter, see *note
-Counters::.
+be numbered (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). And, if LEVEL is less
+than or equal to the value of the counter 'tocdepth' then the table of
+contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit (*note
+Sectioning/tocdepth::).
LaTeX expects that before you have a '\subsection' you will have a
'\section' and, in a book, that before a '\section' you will have a
'\chapter'. Otherwise you can get a something like a subsection
numbered '3.0.1'.
- The '\appendix' command changes the way following sectional units are
-numbered. In a 'book', entering this
+ Two counters relate to the appearance of sectioning commands.
- \chapter{A Chapter}
- ...
- \appendix
- \chapter{The First Appendix}
+'secnumdepth'
+ Controls which sectioning commands are numbered. The setting
+ '\setcounter{secnumdepth}{LEVEL}' suppresses numbering of
+ sectioning at any depth greater than LEVEL (*note \setcounter::).
+ See the above table for the level numbers. For instance, in an
+ 'article', if 'secnumdepth' is 1 then a '\section{Introduction}'
+ command will produce output like '1 Introduction' while
+ '\subsection{Discussion}' will produce output like 'Discussion',
+ without the number. LaTeX's default 'secnumdepth' is 3 in
+ 'article' class and 2 in the 'book' and 'report' classes.
-causes the appendix to be numbered 'Appendix A'.
+'tocdepth'
+ Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of
+ contents. The setting '\setcounter{tocdepth}{LEVEL}' makes the
+ sectioning units at LEVEL be the smallest ones listed (*note
+ \setcounter::). See the above table for the level numbers. For
+ instance, if 'tocdepth' is 1 then the table of contents will list
+ sections but not subsections. LaTeX's default 'secnumdepth' is 3
+ in 'article' class and 2 in the 'book' and 'report' classes.
- The 'secnumdepth' counter controls printing of section numbers. The
-setting
-
- \setcounter{secnumdepth}{LEVEL}
-
-suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
-division at level LEVEL. *Note Sectioning:: for the level numbers.
-LaTeX's default 'secnumdepth' is 3 in 'article' class and 2 in the
-'book' and 'report' classes (*note \setcounter::).
-
* Menu:
-* \part:: Start a part.
-* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
-* \section:: Start a section.
-* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
-* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
-* \@startsection:: Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
+* \part:: Start a part.
+* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
+* \section:: Start a section.
+* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
+* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
+* \appendix:: Start appendices.
+* \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter:: The three parts of a book.
+* \@startsection:: Layout of sectional units.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \part, Next: \chapter, Up: Sectioning
@@ -2015,6 +2019,10 @@
\part[Up from the bottom; my life story]{Up from the bottom\\ my life story}
+ For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear
+in the table of contents, the level number of a part is -1 (*note
+Sectioning/secnumdepth:: and *note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
+
In the class 'article', if a paragraph immediately follows the part
title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
'indentfirst'.
@@ -2075,9 +2083,9 @@
\chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]{Given it all at birth\\ my life story}
- For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
-is 0.
+ For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear
+in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is 0 (*note
+Sectioning/secnumdepth:: and *note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
@@ -2172,9 +2180,9 @@
\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story}
- For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
-is 1.
+ For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear
+in the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1 (*note
+Sectioning/secnumdepth:: and *note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
@@ -2241,9 +2249,9 @@
but only 'U+03B1,U+03B2,U+03B3 paper' on the contents page.
- For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
-is 2.
+ For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear
+in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is 2 (*note
+Sectioning/secnumdepth:: and *note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as
is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to
@@ -2265,7 +2273,7 @@
That puts the subsection number and TITLE in the first line of text.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Next: \@startsection, Prev: \subsection, Up: Sectioning
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Next: \appendix, Prev: \subsection, Up: Sectioning
6.5 '\subsubsection', '\paragraph', '\subparagraph'
===================================================
@@ -2318,9 +2326,10 @@
the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::). If it is not
present then TITLE will be there.
- For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a
-subsubsection is 3, of a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5.
+ For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear
+in the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection is 3, of a
+paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5 (*note
+Sectioning/secnumdepth:: and *note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented,
as is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to
@@ -2332,9 +2341,76 @@
'titlesec'. See the documentation on CTAN.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \@startsection, Prev: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Up: Sectioning
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \appendix, Next: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter, Prev: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Up: Sectioning
-6.6 '\@startsection'
+6.6 '\appendix'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \appendix
+
+ In a book or report declare that subsequent '\chapter' commands start
+an appendix. In an article it does the same, for '\section' commands.
+It also resets the 'chapter' and 'section' counters to 0 in a book or
+report, and in an article resets the 'section' and 'subsection'
+counters.
+
+ In this book
+
+ \chapter{One} ...
+ \chapter{Two} ...
+ ...
+ \appendix
+ \chapter{Three} ...
+ \chapter{Four} ...
+
+ the first two will generate output numbered 'Chapter 1' and 'Chapter
+2'. After the '\appendix' the numbering will be 'Appendix A' and
+'Appendix B'. *Note Larger book template:: for another example.
+
+ The 'appendix' package adds the command '\appendixpage' to put a
+separate 'Appendices' in the document body before the first appendix,
+and the command '\addappheadtotoc' to do the same in the table of
+contents. You can reset the name 'Appendix' with a command like
+'\renewcommand{\appendixname}{Specification}', as well as a number of
+other features. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter, Next: \@startsection, Prev: \appendix, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.7 '\frontmatter', '\mainmatter', '\backmatter'
+================================================
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \frontmatter
+ \mainmatter
+ \backmatter
+
+ Format a 'book' class document differently according to which part of
+the document is being produced. All three commands are optional.
+
+ Traditionally, a book's front matter contains such things as the
+title page, an abstract, a table of contents, a preface, a list of
+notations, a list of figures, and a list of tables. (Some of these
+front matter pages, such as the title page, are traditionally not
+numbered.) The back matter may contain such things as a glossary,
+notes, a bibliography, and an index.
+
+ The '\frontmatter' declaration makes the pages numbered in lower case
+roman, and makes chapters not numbered, although each chapter's title
+appears in the table of contents; if you use other sectioning commands
+here, use the '*'-version (*note Sectioning::). The '\mainmatter'
+changes the behavior back to the expected version, and resets the page
+number. The '\backmatter' leaves the page numbering alone but switches
+the chapters back to being not numbered. *Note Larger book template::
+for an example using the three.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \@startsection, Prev: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.8 '\@startsection'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -2372,25 +2448,22 @@
the page headers. See the third example below.
LEVEL
- An integer giving the depth of the sectioning command: 0 for
- 'chapter' (only applies to the standard 'book' and 'report'
- classes), 1 for 'section', 2 for 'subsection', 3 for
- 'subsubsection', 4 for 'paragraph', and 5 for 'subparagraph'. In
- the 'book' and 'report' classes 'part' has level -1, while in the
- 'article' class 'part' has level 0.
+ An integer giving the depth of the sectioning command. *Note
+ Sectioning:: for the list of standard level numbers.
- If LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of 'secnumdepth' then
- the titles for this sectioning command will be numbered. For
- instance, in an 'article', if 'secnumdepth' is 1 then a
- '\section{Introduction}' command will produce output like "1
- Introduction" while '\subsection{Discussion}' will produce output
- like "Discussion", without the number prefix. *Note
- Sectioning/secnumdepth::.
+ If LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+ 'secnumdepth' then the titles for this sectioning command will be
+ numbered (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). For instance, in an
+ 'article', if 'secnumdepth' is 1 then a '\section{Introduction}'
+ command will produce output like "1 Introduction" while
+ '\subsection{Discussion}' will produce output like "Discussion",
+ without the number prefix.
- If LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of TOCDEPTH then the
- table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit. For
- instance, in an 'article', if TOCDEPTH is 1 then the table of
- contents will list sections but not subsections.
+ If LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the counter TOCDEPTH
+ then the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning
+ unit (*note Sectioning/tocdepth::). For instance, in an 'article',
+ if TOCDEPTH is 1 then the table of contents will list sections but
+ not subsections.
INDENT
A length giving the indentation of all of the title lines with
@@ -9327,7 +9400,7 @@
documentation on CTAN.
'\overline{TEXT}'
- Put a horizontal line over TEX. Works inside math mode, and
+ Put a horizontal line over TEXT. Works inside math mode, and
outside. For example, '\overline{x+y}'. Note that this differs
from the command '\bar' (*note Math accents::).
@@ -12087,6 +12160,8 @@
but will retain the page numbers and all of the cross reference
information from the preface and second chapter.
+ *Note Larger book template:: for another example of '\includeonly'.
+
* Menu:
* \endinput:: Stop including material from a file.
@@ -12193,6 +12268,10 @@
The '\include' command makes a new page. To avoid that, see *note
\input:: (which, however, does not retain the auxiliary information).
+ *Note Larger book template:: for another example using '\include' and
+'\includeonly'. That example also uses '\input' for some material that
+will not necessarily start on a new page.
+
File names can involve paths.
\documentclass{book}
@@ -12286,6 +12365,9 @@
LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must have generated a
'.toc' file.
+ The counter 'tocdepth' determines which of parts, chapters, sections,
+etc., are listed (*note Sectioning/tocdepth::).
+
The '\tableofcontents' command produces a heading, but it does not
automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table
of contents, write a '\newpage' command after the '\tableofcontents'
@@ -12839,11 +12921,13 @@
* Menu:
* beamer template::
+* article template::
* book template::
+* Larger book template::
* tugboat template::
-File: latex2e.info, Node: beamer template, Next: book template, Up: Document templates
+File: latex2e.info, Node: beamer template, Next: article template, Up: Document templates
A.1 'beamer' template
=====================
@@ -12877,11 +12961,37 @@
<http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/>.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: book template, Next: tugboat template, Prev: beamer template, Up: Document templates
+File: latex2e.info, Node: article template, Next: book template, Prev: beamer template, Up: Document templates
-A.2 'book' template
+A.2 'article' template
+======================
+
+\documentclass{article}
+\title{Article Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\section{First section}
+Some text.
+
+\subsection{First section, first subsection}
+Additional text.
+
+\section{Second section}
+Some more text.
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: book template, Next: Larger book template, Prev: article template, Up: Document templates
+
+A.3 'book' template
===================
+This is a straightforward template for a book. See *Note Larger book
+template:: for a more elaborate one.
+
\documentclass{book}
\title{Book Class Template}
\author{Alex Author}
@@ -12900,9 +13010,61 @@
\end{document}
-File: latex2e.info, Node: tugboat template, Prev: book template, Up: Document templates
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Larger book template, Next: tugboat template, Prev: book template, Up: Document templates
-A.3 'tugboat' template
+A.4 Larger 'book' template
+==========================
+
+This is a more elaborate template for a book. It has '\frontmatter',
+'\mainmatter', and '\backmatter' to control the typography of the three
+main areas of a book (*note \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter::).
+The book has a bibliography and an index.
+
+ Notable is that it uses '\include' and '\includeonly' (*note
+Splitting the input::). While you are working on a chapter you can
+comment out all the other chapter entries from the argument to
+'\includeonly'. That will speed up compilation without losing any
+information such as cross-references. (Material that does not need to
+come on a new page is brought in with '\input' instead of '\include'.
+You don't get the cross-reference benefit this way.)
+
+\documentclass[titlepage]{book}
+\usepackage{makeidx}\makeindex
+
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\includeonly{%
+ frontcover,
+ preface,
+ chap1,
+ ...
+ }
+\begin{document}
+\frontmatter
+\include{frontcover}
+\maketitle \input{dedication} \input{copyright} % you can comment out this line while working
+\tableofcontents
+\include{preface}
+\mainmatter
+\include{chap1}
+ ...
+\appendix
+\include{appena}
+ ...
+\backmatter
+\bibliographystyle{apalike}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}
+\bibliography
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Index}
+\printindex
+\include{backcover}
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: tugboat template, Prev: Larger book template, Up: Document templates
+
+A.5 'tugboat' template
======================
'TUGboat' is the journal of the TeX Users Group,
@@ -13000,7 +13162,7 @@
* * prompt: Command line. (line 18)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
(line 27)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 30)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 31)
* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 25)
* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 8)
@@ -13036,7 +13198,9 @@
(line 19)
* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 6)
* amsthm package: theorem. (line 28)
-* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 59)
+* appendices: \appendix. (line 6)
+* appendix: \appendix. (line 6)
+* appendix package: \appendix. (line 29)
* aring: Additional Latin letters.
(line 12)
* arrays, math: array. (line 6)
@@ -13081,6 +13245,14 @@
* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 34)
* boldface mathematics: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
(line 6)
+* book, back matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
+* book, end matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
+* book, front matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
+* book, main matter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 6)
* box, colored: Colored boxes. (line 6)
* boxes: Boxes. (line 6)
@@ -13429,12 +13601,12 @@
* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 6)
* indent, forcing: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 108)
-* indentfirst package: \part. (line 46)
+* indentfirst package: \part. (line 50)
* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 57)
* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 59)
-* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 49)
+* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 48)
* indentfirst package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 59)
+ (line 61)
* indentfirst package <5>: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 16)
* indexes: Indexes. (line 6)
@@ -13578,7 +13750,7 @@
* multind package: Indexes. (line 39)
* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* nested \include, not allowed: \include & \includeonly.
- (line 99)
+ (line 103)
* new class commands: Class and package construction.
(line 6)
* new command, check: Class and package commands.
@@ -13650,6 +13822,7 @@
* package, amsmath <7>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
+* package, appendix: \appendix. (line 29)
* package, babel: \chapter. (line 70)
* package, babel <1>: thebibliography. (line 53)
* package, babel <2>: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -13678,12 +13851,12 @@
(line 44)
* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, hyperref <1>: \pagenumbering. (line 45)
-* package, indentfirst: \part. (line 46)
+* package, indentfirst: \part. (line 50)
* package, indentfirst <1>: \chapter. (line 57)
* package, indentfirst <2>: \section. (line 59)
-* package, indentfirst <3>: \subsection. (line 49)
+* package, indentfirst <3>: \subsection. (line 48)
* package, indentfirst <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 59)
+ (line 61)
* package, indentfirst <5>: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
* package, listings: tabbing. (line 145)
* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 31)
@@ -13708,12 +13881,12 @@
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
(line 42)
* package, textcomp: Font styles. (line 134)
-* package, titlesec: \part. (line 50)
+* package, titlesec: \part. (line 54)
* package, titlesec <1>: \chapter. (line 78)
* package, titlesec <2>: \section. (line 63)
-* package, titlesec <3>: \subsection. (line 53)
+* package, titlesec <3>: \subsection. (line 52)
* package, titlesec <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 63)
+ (line 65)
* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
(line 15)
* package, url: \verb. (line 30)
@@ -13842,7 +14015,7 @@
* section: Sectioning. (line 6)
* section <1>: \section. (line 6)
* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
-* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 69)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 62)
* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 58)
* section, redefining: \@startsection. (line 6)
* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 6)
@@ -13927,9 +14100,13 @@
* table of contents, avoiding footnotes: Footnotes in section headings.
(line 6)
* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 6)
+* table of contents, sectioning numbers printed: Sectioning. (line 73)
* tables, creating: table. (line 6)
+* template, article: article template. (line 6)
* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 6)
* template, book: book template. (line 6)
+* template, book <1>: Larger book template.
+ (line 6)
* template, TUGboat: tugboat template. (line 6)
* templates, document: Document templates. (line 6)
* terminal input/output: Terminal input/output.
@@ -13959,12 +14136,12 @@
* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6)
* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 64)
* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 6)
-* titlesec package: \part. (line 50)
+* titlesec package: \part. (line 54)
* titlesec package <1>: \chapter. (line 78)
* titlesec package <2>: \section. (line 63)
-* titlesec package <3>: \subsection. (line 53)
+* titlesec package <3>: \subsection. (line 52)
* titlesec package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
- (line 63)
+ (line 65)
* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 172)
* transcript file: Output files. (line 28)
* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 6)
@@ -14036,10 +14213,10 @@
* .aux file: Output files. (line 33)
* .dvi file: Output files. (line 10)
* .lof file: Output files. (line 43)
-* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 16)
+* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 19)
* .log file: Output files. (line 28)
* .lot file: Output files. (line 43)
-* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 16)
+* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 19)
* .pdf file: Output files. (line 20)
* .tex, default extension: Command line. (line 6)
* .toc file: Output files. (line 43)
@@ -14122,7 +14299,7 @@
* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 33)
* \and for \author: \maketitle. (line 43)
* \angle: Math symbols. (line 36)
-* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 59)
+* \appendix: \appendix. (line 6)
* \approx: Math symbols. (line 41)
* \arabic{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
(line 24)
@@ -14146,6 +14323,8 @@
* \author{NAME1 \and NAME2 \and ...}: \maketitle. (line 42)
* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 103)
* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 46)
+* \backmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 56)
* \bar: Math accents. (line 13)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
@@ -14390,6 +14569,8 @@
* \framebox: \framebox (picture). (line 6)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox. (line 6)
* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6)
+* \frontmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
* \frown: Math symbols. (line 227)
* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 230)
@@ -14547,8 +14728,8 @@
(line 33)
* \linewidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 34)
-* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 16)
-* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 16)
+* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 19)
+* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 19)
* \listparindent: list. (line 136)
* \ll: Math symbols. (line 379)
* \ln: Math functions. (line 75)
@@ -14565,6 +14746,8 @@
* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 400)
* \lor: Math symbols. (line 405)
* \lq: Text symbols. (line 39)
+* \mainmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
+ (line 6)
* \makebox: \makebox. (line 6)
* \makebox (for picture): \makebox (picture). (line 6)
* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 6)
@@ -14652,7 +14835,7 @@
* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6)
* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 21)
* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 21)
-* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 21)
+* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 24)
* \noindent: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
@@ -15248,7 +15431,8 @@
* quotation environment: quotation & quote. (line 6)
* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 6)
* report class: Document classes. (line 11)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 69)
+* secnumdepth: Sectioning. (line 61)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 62)
* slides class: Document classes. (line 11)
* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6)
* sp: Units of length. (line 36)
@@ -15261,6 +15445,8 @@
* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
(line 49)
+* tocdepth: Sectioning. (line 72)
+* tocdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 73)
* topmargin: Page layout parameters.
(line 124)
* topnumber: Floats. (line 138)
@@ -15312,250 +15498,255 @@
Node: Page layout parameters65460
Node: Floats71158
Node: Sectioning77623
-Ref: Sectioning/secnumdepth80515
-Node: \part81307
-Node: \chapter83293
-Node: \section87036
-Node: \subsection90268
-Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph92992
-Node: \@startsection95599
-Ref: \@startsection/name96923
-Ref: \@startsection/level97383
-Ref: \@startsection/indent98454
-Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip98717
-Ref: \@startsection/afterskip100238
-Ref: \@startsection/style101549
-Node: Cross references105385
-Node: \label107495
-Node: \pageref109292
-Node: \ref110092
-Node: Environments110969
-Node: abstract112972
-Node: array114561
-Node: center116956
-Node: \centering118684
-Node: description120128
-Node: displaymath122315
-Node: document124093
-Node: \AtBeginDocument124523
-Node: \AtEndDocument125147
-Node: enumerate125791
-Node: eqnarray128588
-Node: equation130583
-Node: figure131211
-Node: filecontents133282
-Node: flushleft135032
-Node: \raggedright135961
-Node: flushright137159
-Node: \raggedleft137822
-Node: itemize138612
-Node: letter142079
-Node: list142317
-Node: \item155135
-Node: trivlist156386
-Node: math157914
-Node: minipage158220
-Node: picture163077
-Node: \put169501
-Node: \multiput169979
-Node: \qbezier170699
-Node: \graphpaper171627
-Node: \line172424
-Node: \linethickness174203
-Node: \thinlines174652
-Node: \thicklines175063
-Node: \circle175447
-Node: \oval175987
-Node: \shortstack176966
-Node: \vector178360
-Node: \makebox (picture)179203
-Node: \framebox (picture)180124
-Node: \frame180921
-Node: \dashbox181322
-Node: quotation & quote182048
-Node: tabbing182944
-Node: table188949
-Node: tabular190970
-Node: \multicolumn198220
-Node: \vline202105
-Node: \cline203450
-Node: \hline204134
-Node: thebibliography204816
-Node: \bibitem207229
-Node: \cite209507
-Node: \nocite211160
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-Node: theorem213596
-Node: titlepage214518
-Node: verbatim215801
-Node: \verb217311
-Node: verse218780
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-Node: \\221376
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-Node: \discretionary227204
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-Node: sloppypar228874
-Node: \hyphenation230013
-Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak230599
-Node: Page breaking231670
-Node: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage233699
-Node: \newpage235177
-Node: \enlargethispage236470
-Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak237426
-Node: Footnotes239009
-Node: \footnote240155
-Node: \footnotemark243103
-Node: \footnotetext245448
-Node: Footnotes in section headings246049
-Node: Footnotes in a table246876
-Node: Footnotes of footnotes249754
-Node: Definitions250458
-Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand251335
-Node: \providecommand256549
-Node: \newcounter257698
-Node: \newlength259443
-Node: \newsavebox260303
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-Node: Predefined lengths292555
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-Node: \parindent & \parskip297959
-Node: Marginal notes298998
-Node: Math formulas300797
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts304784
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-Node: Calligraphic334068
-Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath334641
-Node: Ellipses336174
-Node: Math functions338321
-Node: Math accents339929
-Node: Over- and Underlining340828
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-Node: \left & \right346362
-Node: \sqrt347539
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-Node: Page styles351738
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-Node: \pagenumbering355511
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-Node: \hfill363166
-Node: \spacefactor363558
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-Node: \normalsfcodes368506
-Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence368695
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-Node: \vspace374980
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-Node: \mbox376685
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-Node: \parbox378854
-Node: \raisebox380961
-Node: \savebox381570
-Node: \sbox381985
-Node: \usebox382434
-Node: Color382695
-Node: Color package options383539
-Node: Color models385185
-Node: Commands for color387494
-Node: Define colors387909
-Node: Colored text388624
-Node: Colored boxes390996
-Node: Colored pages392432
-Node: Graphics393125
-Node: Graphics package options395252
-Node: Graphics package configuration398005
-Node: \graphicspath398807
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions401730
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule403527
-Node: Commands for graphics406716
-Node: \includegraphics407221
-Node: \rotatebox420190
-Node: \scalebox422985
-Node: \resizebox424037
-Node: Special insertions425229
-Node: Reserved characters426033
-Node: Upper and lower case427234
-Node: Symbols by font position429149
-Node: Text symbols429769
-Node: Accents433217
-Node: Additional Latin letters435759
-Ref: Non-English characters435930
-Node: \rule436947
-Node: \today437376
-Node: Splitting the input438130
-Node: \endinput439610
-Node: \include & \includeonly440877
-Node: \input444913
-Node: Front/back matter445621
-Node: Tables of contents445826
-Node: \addcontentsline446887
-Node: \addtocontents447905
-Node: Glossaries448438
-Node: Indexes448957
-Node: Letters450590
-Node: \address454256
-Node: \cc455067
-Node: \closing455485
-Node: \encl455762
-Node: \location456177
-Node: \makelabels456441
-Node: \name458593
-Node: \opening458834
-Node: \ps459115
-Node: \signature459404
-Node: \telephone460621
-Node: Terminal input/output460986
-Node: \typein461251
-Node: \typeout461836
-Node: Command line462459
-Node: Document templates463411
-Node: beamer template463818
-Node: book template464469
-Node: tugboat template464837
-Node: Concept Index467201
-Node: Command Index541344
+Ref: Sectioning/secnumdepth80334
+Ref: Sectioning/tocdepth80945
+Node: \part81990
+Node: \chapter84173
+Node: \section87966
+Node: \subsection91248
+Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph94022
+Node: \appendix96674
+Node: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter97915
+Node: \@startsection99257
+Ref: \@startsection/name100578
+Ref: \@startsection/level101038
+Ref: \@startsection/indent101921
+Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip102184
+Ref: \@startsection/afterskip103705
+Ref: \@startsection/style105016
+Node: Cross references108852
+Node: \label110962
+Node: \pageref112759
+Node: \ref113559
+Node: Environments114436
+Node: abstract116439
+Node: array118028
+Node: center120423
+Node: \centering122151
+Node: description123595
+Node: displaymath125782
+Node: document127560
+Node: \AtBeginDocument127990
+Node: \AtEndDocument128614
+Node: enumerate129258
+Node: eqnarray132055
+Node: equation134050
+Node: figure134678
+Node: filecontents136749
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+Node: flushright140626
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+Node: itemize142079
+Node: letter145546
+Node: list145784
+Node: \item158602
+Node: trivlist159853
+Node: math161381
+Node: minipage161687
+Node: picture166544
+Node: \put172968
+Node: \multiput173446
+Node: \qbezier174166
+Node: \graphpaper175094
+Node: \line175891
+Node: \linethickness177670
+Node: \thinlines178119
+Node: \thicklines178530
+Node: \circle178914
+Node: \oval179454
+Node: \shortstack180433
+Node: \vector181827
+Node: \makebox (picture)182670
+Node: \framebox (picture)183591
+Node: \frame184388
+Node: \dashbox184789
+Node: quotation & quote185515
+Node: tabbing186411
+Node: table192416
+Node: tabular194437
+Node: \multicolumn201687
+Node: \vline205572
+Node: \cline206917
+Node: \hline207601
+Node: thebibliography208283
+Node: \bibitem210696
+Node: \cite212974
+Node: \nocite214627
+Node: Using BibTeX215116
+Node: theorem217063
+Node: titlepage217985
+Node: verbatim219268
+Node: \verb220778
+Node: verse222247
+Node: Line breaking223477
+Node: \\224843
+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr227292
+Node: \newline228092
+Node: \- (hyphenation)229030
+Node: \discretionary230671
+Node: \fussy & \sloppy231559
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+Node: \hyphenation233480
+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak234066
+Node: Page breaking235137
+Node: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage237166
+Node: \newpage238644
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+Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak240893
+Node: Footnotes242476
+Node: \footnote243622
+Node: \footnotemark246570
+Node: \footnotetext248915
+Node: Footnotes in section headings249516
+Node: Footnotes in a table250343
+Node: Footnotes of footnotes253221
+Node: Definitions253925
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand254802
+Node: \providecommand260016
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+Node: Predefined lengths296022
+Node: Making paragraphs296537
+Node: \par298192
+Node: \indent & \noindent299874
+Node: \parindent & \parskip301426
+Node: Marginal notes302465
+Node: Math formulas304264
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts308251
+Node: Math symbols310360
+Node: Blackboard bold336759
+Node: Calligraphic337535
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath338108
+Node: Ellipses339641
+Node: Math functions341788
+Node: Math accents343396
+Node: Over- and Underlining344295
+Node: Spacing in math mode346025
+Node: Math miscellany347581
+Node: Colon character & \colon348140
+Node: \*348833
+Node: \frac349417
+Node: \left & \right349830
+Node: \sqrt351007
+Node: \stackrel351602
+Node: Modes351875
+Node: \ensuremath354489
+Node: Page styles355206
+Node: \maketitle355969
+Node: \pagenumbering358979
+Node: \pagestyle360917
+Node: \thispagestyle364422
+Node: Spaces364809
+Node: \hspace365679
+Node: \hfill366634
+Node: \spacefactor367026
+Node: \(SPACE) and \@369738
+Ref: \AT369881
+Node: \frenchspacing371358
+Node: \normalsfcodes371974
+Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence372163
+Node: \thinspace373074
+Node: \/373466
+Node: \hrulefill \dotfill374648
+Node: \addvspace375641
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip376687
+Node: \vfill377579
+Node: \vspace378448
+Node: Boxes379441
+Node: \mbox380153
+Node: \fbox and \framebox380440
+Node: lrbox381244
+Node: \makebox381602
+Node: \parbox382322
+Node: \raisebox384429
+Node: \savebox385038
+Node: \sbox385453
+Node: \usebox385902
+Node: Color386163
+Node: Color package options387007
+Node: Color models388653
+Node: Commands for color390962
+Node: Define colors391377
+Node: Colored text392092
+Node: Colored boxes394464
+Node: Colored pages395900
+Node: Graphics396593
+Node: Graphics package options398720
+Node: Graphics package configuration401473
+Node: \graphicspath402275
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions405198
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule406995
+Node: Commands for graphics410184
+Node: \includegraphics410689
+Node: \rotatebox423658
+Node: \scalebox426453
+Node: \resizebox427505
+Node: Special insertions428697
+Node: Reserved characters429501
+Node: Upper and lower case430702
+Node: Symbols by font position432617
+Node: Text symbols433237
+Node: Accents436685
+Node: Additional Latin letters439227
+Ref: Non-English characters439398
+Node: \rule440415
+Node: \today440844
+Node: Splitting the input441598
+Node: \endinput443150
+Node: \include & \includeonly444417
+Node: \input448641
+Node: Front/back matter449349
+Node: Tables of contents449554
+Node: \addcontentsline450737
+Node: \addtocontents451755
+Node: Glossaries452288
+Node: Indexes452807
+Node: Letters454440
+Node: \address458106
+Node: \cc458917
+Node: \closing459335
+Node: \encl459612
+Node: \location460027
+Node: \makelabels460291
+Node: \name462443
+Node: \opening462684
+Node: \ps462965
+Node: \signature463254
+Node: \telephone464471
+Node: Terminal input/output464836
+Node: \typein465101
+Node: \typeout465686
+Node: Command line466309
+Node: Document templates467261
+Node: beamer template467714
+Node: article template468368
+Node: book template468795
+Node: Larger book template469276
+Node: tugboat template470774
+Node: Concept Index473145
+Node: Command Index548413
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-12 16:26:48 UTC (rev 649)
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
@c xx JH ligatures
@c xx JH \xspace
@c xx JH \stretch
- at c xx JH \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \appendix, \backmatter (and adjust Sectioning and \chapter)
- at c xx JH secnumdepth, tocdepth under counters (and adjust \chapter, \section, etc.)
@c
@c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel
@c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included.
@@ -2525,16 +2523,28 @@
@findex \paragraph
@findex \subparagraph
-Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
-Below are @LaTeX{}'s standard sectioning commands. All are available in
-all of @LaTeX{}'s standard document classes @code{book}, @code{report},
-and at tie{}@code{article}, except that @code{\chapter} is not available in
- at code{article}.
+Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc. All
+sectioning commands have the same form, one of:
- at multitable @columnfractions .25 .25 .10
+ at example
+ at var{sectioning-command}@{@var{title}@}
+ at var{sectioning-command}*@{@var{title}@}
+ at var{sectioning-command}[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+For instance, declare the start of a subsection with something like
+ at code{\subsection@{Motivation@}}.
+
+The table has each @var{sectioning-command} in @LaTeX{}. All are
+available in all of @LaTeX{}'s standard document classes @code{book},
+ at code{report}, and at tie{}@code{article}, except that @code{\chapter} is
+not available in @code{article}.
+
+ at multitable @columnfractions .25 .25 .40
@headitem Sectioning unit @tab Command @tab Level
@item Part
- at tab @code{\part} @tab -1
+ at tab @code{\part} @tab -1 (@code{book}, @code{report}), 0 (@code{article})
@item Chapter
@tab @code{\chapter} @tab 0
@item Section
@@ -2549,85 +2559,78 @@
@tab @code{\subparagraph} @tab 5
@end multitable
-All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
-
- at example
- at var{sectioning-command}@{@var{title}@}
- at var{sectioning-command}*@{@var{title}@}
- at var{sectioning-command}[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
- at end example
-
- at noindent For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering
-something like @code{\section@{Introduction@}}.
-
@cindex @code{*}-form of sectioning commands
All these commands have a @code{*}-form that prints @var{title} as usual
but is not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
+An example of using this is for an appendix in an @code{article} . The
+input @code{\appendix\section@{Appendix@}} gives the output @samp{A
+Appendix} (@pxref{\appendix}). You can lose the numbering at tie{}@samp{A}
+by instead entering @code{\section*@{Appendix@}} (articles often omit a
+table of contents and have simple page headers so this difference may
+not matter).
-In addition to providing the heading @var{title} in the main text, the
-section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
-head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (@pxref{Page styles}).
-You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
-headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
-argument @var{toc-title}, for the text for these other places.
+The section title @var{title} provides the heading in the main text, but
+it may also appear in the table of contents and in the running head or
+foot (@pxref{Page styles}). You may not want the same text in these
+places as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
+argument @var{toc-title} for these other places.
-The level number in the table above determine which sectional units are
+The level number in the table above determines which sectional units are
numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the sectioning
command's @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of the counter
@code{secnumdepth} then the titles for this sectioning command will be
-numbered. For instance, in an @code{article}, if @code{secnumdepth} is
-1 then a @code{\section@{Introduction@}} command will produce output
-like @samp{1 Introduction} while @code{\subsection@{Discussion@}} will
-produce output like @samp{Discussion}, without the number
-(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth}). And, if @var{level} is less than or
-equal to the value of the counter @code{tocdepth} then the table of
-contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit. For instance, if
- at code{tocdepth} is at tie{}1 then the table of contents will list sections
-but not subsections. To change either counter, see at tie{}@ref{Counters}.
+numbered (@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth}). And, if @var{level} is less
+than or equal to the value of the counter @code{tocdepth} then the table
+of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit
+(@pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
@LaTeX{} expects that before you have a @code{\subsection} you will have
a @code{\section} and, in a book, that before a @code{\section} you will
have a @code{\chapter}. Otherwise you can get a something like a
subsection numbered @samp{3.0.1}.
- at findex \appendix
- at cindex appendix, creating
-The @code{\appendix} command changes the way following sectional units
-are numbered. In a @code{book}, entering this
+Two counters relate to the appearance of sectioning commands.
- at example
-\chapter@{A Chapter@}
- ...
-\appendix
-\chapter@{The First Appendix@}
- at end example
-
- at noindent causes the appendix to be numbered @samp{Appendix A}.
-
+ at ftable @code
+ at item secnumdepth
@findex secnumdepth @r{counter}
@cindex section numbers, printing
@anchor{Sectioning/secnumdepth}
-The @code{secnumdepth} counter controls printing of section numbers.
-The setting
+Controls which sectioning commands are numbered. The setting
+ at code{\setcounter@{secnumdepth@}@{@var{level}@}} suppresses numbering of
+sectioning at any depth greater than @var{level} (@pxref{\setcounter}).
+See the above table for the level numbers. For instance, in an
+ at code{article}, if @code{secnumdepth} is 1 then a
+ at code{\section@{Introduction@}} command will produce output like @samp{1
+Introduction} while @code{\subsection@{Discussion@}} will produce output
+like @samp{Discussion}, without the number. @LaTeX{}'s default
+ at code{secnumdepth} is at tie{}3 in @file{article} class and @tie{}2 in the
+ at file{book} and @file{report} classes.
- at example
-\setcounter@{secnumdepth@}@{@var{level}@}
- at end example
+ at item tocdepth
+ at findex tocdepth @r{counter}
+ at cindex table of contents, sectioning numbers printed
+ at anchor{Sectioning/tocdepth}
+Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents.
+The setting @code{\setcounter@{tocdepth@}@{@var{level}@}} makes the
+sectioning units at @var{level} be the smallest ones listed
+(@pxref{\setcounter}). See the above table for the level numbers. For
+instance, if @code{tocdepth} is at tie{}1 then the table of contents will
+list sections but not subsections. @LaTeX{}'s default
+ at code{secnumdepth} is at tie{}3 in @file{article} class and @tie{}2 in the
+ at file{book} and @file{report} classes.
- at noindent
-suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
-division at level @var{level}. @xref{Sectioning} for the level numbers.
- at LaTeX{}'s default @code{secnumdepth} is at tie{}3 in @file{article} class
-and @tie{}2 in the @file{book} and @file{report} classes
-(@pxref{\setcounter}).
+ at end ftable
@menu
-* \part:: Start a part.
-* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
-* \section:: Start a section.
-* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
-* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
-* \@@startsection:: Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
+* \part:: Start a part.
+* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
+* \section:: Start a section.
+* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
+* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
+* \appendix:: Start appendices.
+* \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter:: The three parts of a book.
+* \@@startsection:: Layout of sectional units.
@end menu
@@ -2684,6 +2687,10 @@
\part[Up from the bottom; my life story]@{Up from the bottom\\ my life story@}
@end example
+For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a part is at tie{}-1
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth} and @pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
+
@PkgIndex{indentfirst}
In the class @code{article}, if a paragraph immediately follows the part
title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
@@ -2758,10 +2765,9 @@
\chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]@{Given it all at birth\\ my life story@}
@end example
-For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
-is at tie{}0.
- at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is at tie{}0
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth} and @pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
@PkgIndex{indentfirst}
The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
@@ -2874,10 +2880,9 @@
\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]@{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story@}
@end example
-For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
-is at tie{}1.
- at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a section is at tie{}1
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth} and @pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
@PkgIndex{indentfirst}
The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
@@ -2958,10 +2963,9 @@
but only @samp{@BES{03B1,\alpha}, at BES{03B2,\beta}, at BES{03B3,\gamma}
paper} on the contents page.
-For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
-is at tie{}2.
- at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is at tie{}2
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth} and @pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
@PkgIndex{indentfirst}
The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a
@@ -3056,10 +3060,10 @@
in the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}). If it is not
present then @var{title} will be there.
-For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
-which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection
-is at tie{}3, of a paragraph is at tie{}4, and of a subparagraph is at tie{}5.
- at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in
+the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection is at tie{}3, of
+a paragraph is at tie{}4, and of a subparagraph is at tie{}5
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth} and @pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
@PkgIndex{indentfirst}
The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a
@@ -3073,6 +3077,91 @@
@file{titlesec}. See the documentation on CTAN.
+ at node \appendix
+
+ at section @code{\appendix}
+
+ at findex \appendix
+ at cindex appendix
+ at cindex appendices
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\appendix
+ at end example
+
+In a book or report declare that subsequent @code{\chapter} commands
+start an appendix. In an article it does the same, for @code{\section}
+commands. It also resets the @code{chapter} and @code{section} counters
+to at tie{}0 in a book or report, and in an article resets the
+ at code{section} and @code{subsection} counters.
+
+In this book
+
+ at example
+\chapter@{One@} ...
+\chapter@{Two@} ...
+ ...
+\appendix
+\chapter@{Three@} ...
+\chapter@{Four@} ...
+ at end example
+
+the first two will generate output numbered @samp{Chapter 1} and
+ at samp{Chapter 2}. After the @code{\appendix} the numbering will be
+ at samp{Appendix A} and @samp{Appendix B}. @xref{Larger book template}
+for another example.
+
+ at PkgIndex{appendix} The @file{appendix} package adds the command
+ at code{\appendixpage} to put a separate @samp{Appendices} in the document
+body before the first appendix, and the command @code{\addappheadtotoc}
+to do the same in the table of contents. You can reset the name
+ at samp{Appendix} with a command like
+ at code{\renewcommand@{\appendixname@}@{Specification@}}, as well as a
+number of other features. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+ at node \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter
+
+ at section @code{\frontmatter}, @code{\mainmatter}, @code{\backmatter}
+
+ at findex \frontmatter
+ at cindex book, front matter
+ at findex \mainmatter
+ at cindex book, main matter
+ at findex \backmatter
+ at cindex book, back matter
+ at cindex book, end matter
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\frontmatter
+\mainmatter
+\backmatter
+ at end example
+
+Format a @code{book} class document differently according to which part
+of the document is being produced. All three commands are optional.
+
+Traditionally, a book's front matter contains such things as the title
+page, an abstract, a table of contents, a preface, a list of notations,
+a list of figures, and a list of tables. (Some of these front matter
+pages, such as the title page, are traditionally not numbered.) The
+back matter may contain such things as a glossary, notes, a
+bibliography, and an index.
+
+The @code{\frontmatter} declaration makes the pages numbered in lower
+case roman, and makes chapters not numbered, although each chapter's
+title appears in the table of contents; if you use other sectioning
+commands here, use the @code{*}-version (@pxref{Sectioning}). The
+ at code{\mainmatter} changes the behavior back to the expected version,
+and resets the page number. The @code{\backmatter} leaves the page
+numbering alone but switches the chapters back to being not numbered.
+ at xref{Larger book template} for an example using the three.
+
+
@node \@@startsection
@section @code{\@@startsection}
@@ -3126,27 +3215,23 @@
example below.
@item level
- at anchor{\@@startsection/level} An integer giving the depth of the
-sectioning command: 0 for @code{chapter} (only applies to the standard
- at code{book} and @code{report} classes), 1 for @code{section}, 2 for
- at code{subsection}, 3 for @code{subsubsection}, 4 for @code{paragraph},
-and 5 for @code{subparagraph}. In the @code{book} and @code{report}
-classes @code{part} has level -1, while in the @code{article} class
- at code{part} has level 0.
+ at anchor{\@@startsection/level}
+An integer giving the depth of the sectioning command.
+ at xref{Sectioning} for the list of standard level numbers.
-If @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of @code{secnumdepth}
-then the titles for this sectioning command will be numbered. For
-instance, in an @code{article}, if @code{secnumdepth} is 1 then a
+If @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+ at code{secnumdepth} then the titles for this sectioning command will be
+numbered (@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth}). For instance, in an
+ at code{article}, if @code{secnumdepth} is 1 then a
@code{\section@{Introduction@}} command will produce output like ``1
Introduction'' while @code{\subsection@{Discussion@}} will produce
output like ``Discussion'', without the number prefix.
- at xref{Sectioning/secnumdepth}.
-If @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of @var{tocdepth} then
-the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit.
-For instance, in an @code{article}, if @var{tocdepth} is 1 then the table of
-contents will list sections but not subsections.
- at c xx add, and cross reference to, tocdepth
+If @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+ at var{tocdepth} then the table of contents will have an entry for this
+sectioning unit (@pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}). For instance, in an
+ at code{article}, if @var{tocdepth} is 1 then the table of contents will
+list sections but not subsections.
@item indent
@anchor{\@@startsection/indent} A length giving the indentation of all
@@ -11407,7 +11492,7 @@
documentation on CTAN.
@item \overline@{@var{text}@}
-Put a horizontal line over @var{tex}. Works inside math mode, and
+Put a horizontal line over @var{text}. Works inside math mode, and
outside. For example, @code{\overline@{x+y@}}.
@ifset HAS-MATH
The result looks like: @math{\overline{x+y}}.
@@ -14849,8 +14934,7 @@
material in the first chapter but will retain the page numbers and all
of the cross reference information from the preface and second chapter.
- at c @xref{filecontents}, for an environment that allows bundling an
- at c external file to be created with the main document.
+ at xref{Larger book template} for another example of @code{\includeonly}.
@menu
* \endinput:: Stop including material from a file.
@@ -14977,6 +15061,10 @@
@ref{\input} (which, however, does not retain the auxiliary
information).
+ at xref{Larger book template} for another example using @code{\include}
+and @code{\includeonly}. That example also uses @code{\input} for some
+material that will not necessarily start on a new page.
+
File names can involve paths.
@example
@@ -15080,6 +15168,9 @@
contents to go; @LaTeX{} does the rest for you. A previous run must
have generated a @file{.toc} file.
+The counter @code{tocdepth} determines which of parts, chapters,
+sections, etc., are listed (@pxref{Sectioning/tocdepth}).
+
The @code{\tableofcontents} command produces a heading, but it does
not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the
table of contents, write a @code{\newpage} command after the
@@ -15767,7 +15858,9 @@
@menu
* beamer template::
+* article template::
* book template::
+* Larger book template::
* tugboat template::
@end menu
@@ -15809,11 +15902,39 @@
@url{http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/}.
+ at node article template
+ at section @code{article} template
+
+ at cindex template, @code{article}
+
+ at verbatim
+\documentclass{article}
+\title{Article Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\section{First section}
+Some text.
+
+\subsection{First section, first subsection}
+Additional text.
+
+\section{Second section}
+Some more text.
+\end{document}
+ at end verbatim
+
+
@node book template
@section @code{book} template
@cindex template, @code{book}
+This is a straightforward template for a book. See @xref{Larger book
+template} for a more elaborate one.
+
@verbatim
\documentclass{book}
\title{Book Class Template}
@@ -15834,6 +15955,61 @@
@end verbatim
+ at node Larger book template
+ at section Larger @code{book} template
+
+ at cindex template, @code{book}
+
+This is a more elaborate template for a book. It has
+ at code{\frontmatter}, @code{\mainmatter}, and @code{\backmatter} to
+control the typography of the three main areas of a book
+(@pxref{\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter}). The book has a
+bibliography and an index.
+
+Notable is that it uses @code{\include} and @code{\includeonly}
+(@pxref{Splitting the input}). While you are working on a chapter you
+can comment out all the other chapter entries from the argument to
+ at code{\includeonly}. That will speed up compilation without losing any
+information such as cross-references. (Material that does not need to
+come on a new page is brought in with @code{\input} instead of
+ at code{\include}. You don't get the cross-reference benefit this way.)
+
+ at verbatim
+\documentclass[titlepage]{book}
+\usepackage{makeidx}\makeindex
+
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\includeonly{%
+ frontcover,
+ preface,
+ chap1,
+ ...
+ }
+\begin{document}
+\frontmatter
+\include{frontcover}
+\maketitle \input{dedication} \input{copyright} % you can comment out this line while working
+\tableofcontents
+\include{preface}
+\mainmatter
+\include{chap1}
+ ...
+\appendix
+\include{appena}
+ ...
+\backmatter
+\bibliographystyle{apalike}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}
+\bibliography
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Index}
+\printindex
+\include{backcover}
+\end{document}
+ at end verbatim
+
+
@node tugboat template
@section @code{tugboat} template
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