[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r648 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Mon Jun 11 17:39:09 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-06-11 18:39:08 +0300 (Mon, 11 Jun 2018)
New Revision: 648
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
Add subsections for \chapter, \section, etc.
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-10 21:13:25 UTC (rev 647)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2018-06-11 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (Sectioning) Make subsections for \part, \chapter,
+ \section, etc. Add examples. Adjust wording of main section.
+
2018-06-09 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (Math miscellany) Move dots to separate subsection
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-10 21:13:25 UTC (rev 647)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
@@ -178,7 +178,12 @@
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="#Sectioning">6 Sectioning</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040startsection-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.1 <code>\@startsection</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cpart-1" href="#g_t_005cpart">6.1 <code>\part</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cchapter-1" href="#g_t_005cchapter">6.2 <code>\chapter</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csection-1" href="#g_t_005csection">6.3 <code>\section</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csubsection-1" href="#g_t_005csubsection">6.4 <code>\subsection</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">6.5 <code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040startsection-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.6 <code>\@startsection</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -516,7 +521,7 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Layout" accesskey="5">Layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the page layout.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="6">Sectioning</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to section properly.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="6">Sectioning</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="7">Cross references</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Automatic referencing.
</td></tr>
@@ -3232,77 +3237,91 @@
<h2 class="chapter">6 Sectioning</h2>
<a name="index-sectioning-commands"></a>
-
-<p>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
-</p>
-<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><code>\part</code>
+<a name="index-part"></a>
+<a name="index-chapter"></a>
+<a name="index-section"></a>
+<a name="index-subsection"></a>
+<a name="index-paragraph"></a>
+<a name="index-subparagraph"></a>
<a name="index-_005cpart"></a>
-</dt>
-<dt><code>\chapter</code>
<a name="index-_005cchapter"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>(<code>report</code> and <code>book</code> class only)
-</p></dd>
-<dt><code>\section</code>
<a name="index-_005csection"></a>
-</dt>
-<dt><code>\subsection</code>
<a name="index-_005csubsection"></a>
-</dt>
-<dt><code>\subsubsection</code>
-<a name="index-_005csubsubsection"></a>
-</dt>
-<dt><code>\paragraph</code>
<a name="index-_005cparagraph"></a>
-</dt>
-<dt><code>\subparagraph</code>
<a name="index-_005csubparagraph"></a>
-</dt>
-</dl>
-<p>All sectioning commands take the same general form, e.g.,
+<p>Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
+Below are LaTeX’s standard sectioning commands. All are available in
+all of LaTeX’s standard document classes <code>book</code>, <code>report</code>,
+and <code>article</code>, except that <code>\chapter</code> is not available in
+<code>article</code>.
</p>
+<table>
+<thead><tr><th width="25%">Sectioning unit</th><th width="25%">Command</th><th width="10%">Level</th></tr></thead>
+<tr><td width="25%">Part</td><td width="25%"><code>\part</code></td><td width="10%">-1</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Chapter</td><td width="25%"><code>\chapter</code></td><td width="10%">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Section</td><td width="25%"><code>\section</code></td><td width="10%">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsection</code></td><td width="10%">2</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subsubsection</td><td width="25%"><code>\subsubsection</code></td><td width="10%">3</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Paragraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\paragraph</code></td><td width="10%">4</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="25%">Subparagraph</td><td width="25%"><code>\subparagraph</code></td><td width="10%">5</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
+</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\chapter[<var>toctitle</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+<pre class="example"><var>sectioning-command</var>{<var>title</var>}
+<var>sectioning-command</var>*{<var>title</var>}
+<var>sectioning-command</var>[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
</pre></div>
+<p>For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering
+something like <code>\section{Introduction}</code>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands"></a>
+<p>All these commands have a <code>*</code>-form that prints <var>title</var> as usual
+but is not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
+</p>
<p>In addition to providing the heading <var>title</var> in the main text, the
-section title can appear in two other places:
+section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
+head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>).
+You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
+headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
+argument <var>toc-title</var>, for the text for these other places.
</p>
-<ol>
-<li> The table of contents.
-</li><li> The running head at the top of the page.
-</li></ol>
-
-<p>You may not want the same text in these places as in the main text.
-To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
-<var>toctitle</var> that, when given, specifies the text for these other
-places.
+<p>The level number in the table above determine which sectional units are
+numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the sectioning
+command’s <var>level</var> is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+<code>secnumdepth</code> then the titles for this sectioning command will be
+numbered. For instance, in an <code>article</code>, if <code>secnumdepth</code> is
+1 then a <code>\section{Introduction}</code> command will produce output
+like ‘<samp>1 Introduction</samp>’ while <code>\subsection{Discussion}</code> will
+produce output like ‘<samp>Discussion</samp>’, without the number
+(see <a href="#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a>). And, if <var>level</var> is less than or
+equal to the value of the counter <code>tocdepth</code> then the table of
+contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit. For instance, if
+<code>tocdepth</code> is 1 then the table of contents will list sections
+but not subsections. To change either counter, see <a href="#Counters">Counters</a>.
</p>
-<a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands"></a>
-<p>Also, all sectioning commands have <code>*</code>-forms that print
-<var>title</var> as usual, but do not include a number and do not make an
-entry in the table of contents. For instance:
+<p>LaTeX expects that before you have a <code>\subsection</code> you will have
+a <code>\section</code> and, in a book, that before a <code>\section</code> you will
+have a <code>\chapter</code>. Otherwise you can get a something like a
+subsection numbered ‘<samp>3.0.1</samp>’.
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\section*{Preamble}
-</pre></div>
-
<a name="index-_005cappendix"></a>
<a name="index-appendix_002c-creating"></a>
<p>The <code>\appendix</code> command changes the way following sectional units
-are numbered. The <code>\appendix</code> command itself generates no text
-and does not affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this
-command is something like
+are numbered. In a <code>book</code>, entering this
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\chapter{A Chapter}
-…
+ ...
\appendix
\chapter{The First Appendix}
</pre></div>
+<p>causes the appendix to be numbered ‘<samp>Appendix A</samp>’.
+</p>
<a name="index-secnumdepth-counter"></a>
<a name="index-section-numbers_002c-printing"></a>
<a name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"></a><p>The <code>secnumdepth</code> counter controls printing of section numbers.
@@ -3312,25 +3331,525 @@
<pre class="example">\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<var>level</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>suppresses heading numbers at any depth <em>> <var>level</var></em>, where
-<code>chapter</code> is level zero. The default <code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in
-LaTeX’s <samp>article</samp> class and 2 in the <samp>book</samp> and
-<samp>report</samp> classes. (See <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a>.)
+<p>suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
+division at level <var>level</var>. See <a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a> for the level numbers.
+LaTeX’s default <code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <samp>article</samp> class
+and 2 in the <samp>book</samp> and <samp>report</samp> classes
+(see <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a>).
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="1">\@startsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Redefine layout of start of sections, subsections, etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cpart" accesskey="1">\part</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a part.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="2">\chapter</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a chapter.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csection" accesskey="3">\section</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a section.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="4">\subsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a subsection.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="5">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Lower divisions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="6">\@startsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
+</td></tr>
</table>
<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cpart"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\chapter</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cpart-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.1 <code>\part</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005cpart-1"></a>
+<a name="index-part-1"></a>
+<a name="index-sectioning_002c-part"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\part{<var>title</var>}
+\part*{<var>title</var>}
+\part[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Start a document part. The standard LaTeX classes <code>book</code>,
+<code>report</code>, and <code>article</code>, all have this command.
+</p>
+<p>This produces a document part, in a book.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\part{VOLUME I \\
+ PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF U.\ S.\ GRANT}
+\chapter{ANCESTRY--BIRTH--BOYHOOD.}
+My family is American, and has been for generations, in all its branches,
+direct and collateral.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In each standard class the <code>\part</code> command outputs a part number
+such as ‘<samp>Part I</samp>’, alone on its line, in boldface, and in large
+type. Then LaTeX outputs <var>title</var>, also alone on its line, in
+bold and in even larger type. In class <code>book</code>, the LaTeX
+default puts each part alone on its own page. If the book is two-sided
+then LaTeX will skip a page if needed to have the new part on an
+odd-numbered page. In <code>report</code> it is again alone on a page, but
+LaTeX won’t force it onto an odd-numbered page. In an <code>article</code>
+LaTeX does not put it on a fresh page, but instead outputs the part
+number and part title onto the main document page.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var>
+but it does not show the part number, does not increment the
+<code>part</code> counter, and produces no table of contents entry.
+</p>
+<p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the part title in
+the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>) and in running
+headers (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>). If it is not present then <var>title</var>
+will be there. This example puts a line break in <var>title</var> but leaves
+out the break in the table of contents.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\part[Up from the bottom; my life story]{Up from the bottom\\ my life story}
+</pre></div>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package"></a>
+
+<p>In the class <code>article</code>, if a paragraph immediately follows the part
+title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
+<samp>indentfirst</samp>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-titlesec"></a>
+<a name="index-titlesec-package"></a>
+
+<p>One package to change the behavior of <code>\part</code> is <samp>titlesec</samp>.
+See its documentation on CTAN.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cchapter"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\section</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpart" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\part</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cchapter-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.2 <code>\chapter</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005cchapter-1"></a>
+<a name="index-chapter-1"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter{<var>title</var>}
+\chapter*{<var>title</var>}
+\chapter[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Start a chapter. The standard LaTeX classes <code>book</code> and
+<code>report</code> have this command but <code>article</code> does not.
+</p>
+<p>This produces a chapter.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter{Loomings}
+Call me Ishmael.
+Some years ago---never mind how long precisely---having little or no money in my purse,
+and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about
+a little and see the watery part of the world.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The LaTeX default starts each chapter on a fresh page, an
+odd-numbered page if the document is two-sided. It produces a chapter
+number such as ‘<samp>Chapter 1</samp>’ in large boldface type (the size is
+<code>\huge</code>). It then puts <var>title</var> on a fresh line, in boldface
+type that is still larger (size <code>\Huge</code>). It also increments the
+<code>chapter</code> counter, adds an entry to the table of contents
+(see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>), and sets the running header information
+(see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var> on a fresh line, in boldface.
+But it does not show the chapter number, does not increment the
+<code>chapter</code> counter, produces no table of contents entry, and does
+not affect the running header. (If you use the page style
+<code>headings</code> in a two-sided document then the header will be from the
+prior chapter.) This example illustrates.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter*{Preamble}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the chapter title
+in the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>) and in running
+headers (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>). If it is not present then <var>title</var>
+will be there. This shows the full name in the chapter title,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter[Weyl]{Hermann Klaus Hugo (Peter) Weyl (1885--1955)}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>but only ‘<samp>Weyl</samp>’ on the contents page. This puts a line break in
+the title but that doesn’t work well with running headers so it omits
+the break in the contents
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]{Given it all at birth\\ my life story}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
+is 0.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package-1"></a>
+
+<p>The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
+<samp>indentfirst</samp>.
+</p>
+<p>You can change what is shown for the chapter number. To change it to
+something like ‘<samp>Lecture 1</samp>’, put in the preamble either
+<code>\renewcommand{\chaptername}{Lecture}</code> or this
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-and-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter and \makeatother</a>).
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\renewcommand{\@chapapp}{Lecture}
+\makeatother
+</pre></div>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-babel"></a>
+<a name="index-babel-package"></a>
+
+<p>To make this change because of the primary language for
+the document, see the package <samp>babel</samp>.
+</p>
+<p>In a two-sided document LaTeX puts a chapter on odd-numbered page, if
+necessary leaving an even-numbered page that is blank except for any
+running headers. To make that page completly blank,
+see <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-titlesec-1"></a>
+<a name="index-titlesec-package-1"></a>
+
+<p>To change the behavior of the <code>\chapter</code> command, you can copy its
+definition from the LaTeX format file and make adjustments. But
+there are also many packages on CTAN that address this. One is
+<samp>titlesec</samp>. See its documentation, but the example below gives a
+sense of what it can do.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+\titleformat{\chapter}
+ {\Huge\bfseries} % format of title
+ {} % label, such as 1.2 for a subsection
+ {0pt} % length of separation between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This omits the chapter number ‘<samp>Chapter 1</samp>’ from the page
+but unlike <code>\chapter*</code> it keeps the chapter in the table of
+contents and the running headers.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005csection"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\subsection</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\chapter</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005csection-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.3 <code>\section</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005csection-1"></a>
+<a name="index-section-1"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\section{<var>title</var>}
+\section*{<var>title</var>}
+\section[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Start a section. The standard LaTeX classes <code>article</code>,
+<code>book</code>, and <code>report</code> all have this command.
+</p>
+<p>This produces a section.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">In this Part we tend to be more interested in the function,
+in the input-output behavior,
+than in the details of implementing that behavior.
+
+\section{Turing machines}
+Despite this desire to downplay implementation,
+we follow the approach of A~Turing that the
+first step toward defining the set of computable functions
+is to reflect on the details of what mechanisms can do.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For the standard LaTeX classes <code>book</code> and <code>report</code> the
+default output is like ‘<samp>1.2 <var>title</var></samp>’ (for chapter 1,
+section 2), alone on its line and flush left, in boldface and a
+larger type (the type size is <code>\Large</code>). The same holds in
+<code>article</code> except that there are no chapters in that class so it
+looks like ‘<samp>2 <var>title</var></samp>’.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var>.
+But it does not show the section number, does not increment the
+<code>section</code> counter, produces no table of contents entry, and does
+not affect the running header. (If you use the page style
+<code>headings</code> in a two-sided document then the header will be from the
+prior section.)
+</p>
+<p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the section title
+in the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>) and in running
+headers (see <a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a>). If it is not present then <var>title</var>
+will be there. This shows the full name in the title of the section,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\section[Elizabeth~II]{Elizabeth the Second,
+ by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom,
+ Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen,
+ Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>but only ‘<samp>Elizabeth II</samp>’ on the contents page and in the headers.
+This has a line break in <var>title</var> but that does not work with headers
+so it is omitted from the contents and headers.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
+is 1.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package-2"></a>
+
+<p>The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package <samp>indentfirst</samp>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-titlesec-2"></a>
+<a name="index-titlesec-package-2"></a>
+
+<p>In general, to change the behavior of the <code>\section</code> command, there
+are a number of options. One is the <code>\@startsection</code> command
+(see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a>). There are also many packages on CTAN that
+address this, including <samp>titlesec</samp>. See the documentation but the
+example below gives a sense of what they can do.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {\normalfont\Large\bfseries} % format of title
+ {\makebox[1pc][r]{\thesection\hspace{1pc}}} % label, such as 1 for a section
+ {0pt} % length of separation between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+\titlespacing*{\section}
+ {-1pc}{18pt}{10pt}[10pc]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>That puts the section number in the margin.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005csubsection"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="n" rel="next">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csection" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\section</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005csubsection-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.4 <code>\subsection</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005csubsection-1"></a>
+<a name="index-subsection-1"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\subsection{<var>title</var>}
+\subsection*{<var>title</var>}
+\subsection[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Start a subsection. The standard LaTeX classes <code>article</code>,
+<code>book</code>, and <code>report</code> all have this command.
+</p>
+<p>This produces a subsection.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">We will show that there are more functions than Turing machines and that
+therefore some functions have no associated machine.
+
+\subsection{Cardinality}
+We will begin with two paradoxes, two examples that dramatize
+the challenge to our intuition posed by comparing the sizes of infinite sets.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For the standard LaTeX classes <code>book</code> and <code>report</code> the
+default output is like ‘<samp>1.2.3 <var>title</var></samp>’ (for chapter 1,
+section 2, subsection 3), alone on its line and flush left, in
+boldface and a larger type (the type size is <code>\large</code>). The same
+holds in <code>article</code> except that there are no chapters in that class
+so it looks like ‘<samp>2.3 <var>title</var></samp>’.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var>.
+But it does not show the section number, does not increment the
+<code>section</code> counter, and produces no table of contents entry.
+</p>
+<p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the section title
+in the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>). If it is not
+present then <var>title</var> will be there. This shows the full name in the
+title of the section,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\subsection[$\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ paper]{\textit{The Origin of Chemical Elements}
+ by R.A.~Alpher, H.~Bethe, and G.~Gamow}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>but only ‘<samp>α,β,γ
+paper</samp>’ on the contents page.
+</p>
+<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
+is 2.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-3"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package-3"></a>
+
+<p>The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package <samp>indentfirst</samp>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-titlesec-3"></a>
+<a name="index-titlesec-package-3"></a>
+
+<p>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
+<code>\subsection</code> command. One is the <code>\@startsection</code> command
+(see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a>). There are also many packages on CTAN that
+address this, including <samp>titlesec</samp>. See the documentation but the
+example below gives a sense of what they can do.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+\titleformat{\subsection}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries} % format of the title
+ {\thesubsection} % label
+ {0.6em} % space between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>That puts the subsection number and <var>title</var> in the first
+line of text.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\@startsection</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsection</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+
+<a name="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph"></a>
+<h3 class="section">6.5 <code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005csubsubsection"></a>
+<a name="index-subsubsection"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cparagraph-1"></a>
+<a name="index-paragraph-1"></a>
+<a name="index-_005csubparagraph-1"></a>
+<a name="index-subparagraph-1"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\subsubsection{<var>title</var>}
+\subsubsection*{<var>title</var>}
+\subsubsection[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\paragraph{<var>title</var>}
+\paragraph*{<var>title</var>}
+\paragraph[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\subparagraph{<var>title</var>}
+\subparagraph*{<var>title</var>}
+\subparagraph[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Start a subsubsection, paragraph, or subparagraph. The standard
+LaTeX classes <code>article</code>, <code>book</code>, and <code>report</code> all have
+these commands, although they are not commonly used.
+</p>
+<p>This produces a subsubsection.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\subsubsection{Piston ring compressors: structural performance}
+Provide exterior/interior wall cladding assemblies
+capable of withstanding the effects of load and stresses from
+consumer-grade gasoline engine piston rings.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The default output of each of the three does not change over the
+standard LaTeX classes <code>article</code>, <code>book</code>, and
+<code>report</code>. For <code>\subsubsection</code> the <var>title</var> is alone on
+its line, in boldface and normal size type. For <code>\paragraph</code> the
+<var>title</var> is inline with the text, not indented, in boldface and
+normal size type. For <code>\subparagraph</code> the <var>title</var> is inline
+with the text, with a paragraph indent, in boldface and normal size type
+(Because an <code>article</code> has no chapters its subsubsections are
+numbered and so it looks like ‘<samp>1.2.3 <var>title</var></samp>’, for
+section 1, subsection 2, and subsubsection 3. The other
+two divisions are not numbered.)
+</p>
+<p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var>. But it does not increment the
+assoiated counter and produces no table of contents entry (and does not
+show the number for <code>\subsubsection</code>).
+</p>
+<p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the division title
+in the table of contents (see <a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a>). If it is not
+present then <var>title</var> will be there.
+</p>
+<p>For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection
+is 3, of a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-4"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package-4"></a>
+
+<p>The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package <samp>indentfirst</samp>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-titlesec-4"></a>
+<a name="index-titlesec-package-4"></a>
+
+<p>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands.
+One is the <code>\@startsection</code> command (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a>).
+There are also many packages on CTAN that address this, including
+<samp>titlesec</samp>. See the documentation on CTAN.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_0040startsection-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.1 <code>\@startsection</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">6.6 <code>\@startsection</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005c_0040startsection"></a>
<a name="index-section_002c-redefining"></a>
@@ -7423,8 +7942,8 @@
as with <code>\renewcommand{\refname}{Cited references}</code> after
<code>\begin{document}</code>.
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-babel"></a>
-<a name="index-babel-package"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-babel-1"></a>
+<a name="index-babel-package-1"></a>
<p>Language support packages such as <samp>babel</samp> will automatically
redefine <code>\refname</code> or <code>\bibname</code> to fit the selected
@@ -10921,8 +11440,8 @@
you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
<code>\parskip</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent & \parskip</a>).
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst"></a>
-<a name="index-indentfirst-package"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"></a>
+<a name="index-indentfirst-package-5"></a>
<p>Default LaTeX styles have the first paragraph after a section that is
not indented, as is traditional typesetting in English. To change that,
@@ -13473,7 +13992,7 @@
<p>Note that the package <samp>ulem</samp> does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation is on CTAN.
+documentation on CTAN.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code>
@@ -13677,8 +14196,9 @@
<h4 class="subsection">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></h4>
<a name="index-multiplication_002c-discretionary"></a>
-<a name="index-muiltiplication_002c-line-breaks"></a>
-<a name="index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break"></a>
+<a name="index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary"></a>
+<a name="index-line-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary"></a>
+<a name="index-discretionary-breaks_002c-multiplication"></a>
<a name="index-_005c_002a"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -14042,7 +14562,7 @@
<p>Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is a
list of authors separated by <code>\and</code> commands. To separate lines
within a single author’s entry, for instance to give the author’s
-institution or address, use a double blackslash, <code>\\</code>. If you omit
+institution or address, use a double backslash, <code>\\</code>. If you omit
the <code>\author</code> declaration then you get ‘<samp>LaTeX Warning: No
\author given</samp>’.
</p>
@@ -17265,8 +17785,8 @@
<a name="index-characters_002c-accented"></a>
<a name="index-letters_002c-accented"></a>
-<a name="index-package_002c-babel-1"></a>
-<a name="index-babel-package-1"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-babel-2"></a>
+<a name="index-babel-package-2"></a>
<a name="index-multilingual-support"></a>
<p>LaTeX has wide support for many of the world’s scripts and
@@ -19080,8 +19600,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package"><code>babel</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package-1"><code>babel</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package"><code>babel</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package-1"><code>babel</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package-2"><code>babel</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-background_002c-colored">background, colored</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-in-text">backslash, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002c-double-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, double vertical, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -19113,6 +19634,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-brace_002c-right_002c-in-text">brace, right, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaking-lines">breaking lines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaking-pages">breaking pages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">breaks, multiplication discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breve-accent">breve accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breve-accent_002c-math">breve accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bug-reporting">bug reporting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
@@ -19135,6 +19657,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for">centering text, declaration for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-environment-for">centering text, environment for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Centimeter">Centimeter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-chapter">chapter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-chapter-1">chapter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-category-code">character category code</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-and-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter and \makeatother</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-characters_002c-accented">characters, accented</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-characters_002c-case">characters, case</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
@@ -19229,6 +19753,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Didot-point">Didot point</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dieresis-accent">dieresis accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-difference-between-class-and-package">difference between class and package</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-breaks_002c-multiplication">discretionary breaks, multiplication</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-hyphenation">discretionary hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-display-math-mode">display math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
@@ -19400,7 +19925,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-graphics">including graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indent_002c-forcing">indent, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentation-of-paragraphs_002c-in-minipage">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-1"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-2"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-3"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-4"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-5"><code>indentfirst</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027">index entries, ‘see’ and ‘see also’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexes">indexes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-infinite-horizontal-stretch">infinite horizontal stretch</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
@@ -19464,6 +19994,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaking">line breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-changing">line breaks, changing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-numerals">lining numerals</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -19527,11 +20058,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-moving-arguments">moving arguments</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter">mpfootnote counter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mu_002c-math-unit">mu, math unit</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-muiltiplication_002c-line-breaks">muiltiplication, line breaks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multicolumn-text">multicolumn text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multilingual-support">multilingual support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multind-package"><code>multind</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication_002c-discretionary">multiplication, discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -19590,8 +20119,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-bigfoot"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>bigfoot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-bm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>bm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cleveref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
@@ -19612,7 +20142,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>geometry</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent & \noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>listings</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>listings</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>macros2e</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-and-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter and \makeatother</a></td></tr>
@@ -19630,6 +20165,11 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-symbols"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>symbols</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcomp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>titlesec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>ulem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-url"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>url</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-verbatimbox"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>verbatimbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
@@ -19645,6 +20185,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-styles">page styles</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-colored">page, colored</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paired-delimiters">paired delimiters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph">paragraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-1">paragraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation">paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent & \parskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation_002c-in-minipage">paragraph indentation, in minipage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text">paragraph indentations in quoted text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
@@ -19656,6 +20198,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-part">part</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-part-1">part</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files">PDF graphic files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files-1">PDF graphic files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
@@ -19737,11 +20281,14 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-1">scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-script-fonts">script fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-script-letters-for-math">script letters for math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section">section</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section-1">section</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section-number_002c-cross-referencing">section number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section-numbers_002c-printing">section numbers, printing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section-symbol">section symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-section_002c-redefining">section, redefining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sectioning-commands">sectioning commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sectioning_002c-part">sectioning, part</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-series_002c-of-fonts">series, of fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setspace-package"><code>setspace</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setting-counters">setting counters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
@@ -19790,7 +20337,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical">stretch, omitting vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-styles-of-text">styles of text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-styles_002c-page">styles, page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subparagraph">subparagraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subparagraph-1">subparagraph</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subscript">subscript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subsection">subsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subsection-1">subsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subsubsection">subsubsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-superscript">superscript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols-package"><code>symbols</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-boldface">symbols, boldface</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
@@ -19831,6 +20383,11 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title-pages_002c-creating">title pages, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title_002c-for-titlepage">title, for titlepage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titles_002c-making">titles, making</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlesec-package"><code>titlesec</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-1"><code>titlesec</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-2"><code>titlesec</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-3"><code>titlesec</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-4"><code>titlesec</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TrueType-fonts">TrueType fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
@@ -20190,6 +20747,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccdots"><code>\cdots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccentering"><code>\centering</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cchapter"><code>\chapter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cchapter-1"><code>\chapter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccheck"><code>\check</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cCheckCommand"><code>\CheckCommand</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cCheckCommand_002a"><code>\CheckCommand*</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -20608,6 +21166,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpaperwidth-1"><code>\paperwidth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpar"><code>\par</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph"><code>\paragraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph-1"><code>\paragraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparallel"><code>\parallel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparbox"><code>\parbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparindent"><code>\parindent</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
@@ -20617,6 +21176,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparskip"><code>\parskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent & \parskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cparskip-example"><code>\parskip <span class="roman">example</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpart"><code>\part</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpart-1"><code>\part</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpartial"><code>\partial</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpartopsep"><code>\partopsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToClass"><code>\PassOptionsToClass</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -20704,6 +21264,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csearrow"><code>\searrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csec"><code>\sec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csection"><code>\section</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csection-1"><code>\section</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cseename"><code>\seename</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cselectfont"><code>\selectfont</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csetcounter"><code>\setcounter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
@@ -20747,10 +21308,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstepcounter"><code>\stepcounter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">\stepcounter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstop"><code>\stop</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph"><code>\subparagraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph-1"><code>\subparagraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubsection"><code>\subsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubsection-1"><code>\subsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubset"><code>\subset</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubseteq"><code>\subseteq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection"><code>\subsubsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection"><code>\subsubsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csucc"><code>\succ</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csucceq"><code>\succeq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csum"><code>\sum</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-10 21:13:25 UTC (rev 647)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
* Document classes:: Some of the various classes available.
* Fonts:: Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
* Layout:: Controlling the page layout.
-* Sectioning:: How to section properly.
+* Sectioning:: Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc.
* Cross references:: Automatic referencing.
* Environments:: Such as enumerate & itemize.
* Line breaking:: Influencing line breaks.
@@ -1887,64 +1887,454 @@
6 Sectioning
************
-Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
+Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
+Below are LaTeX's standard sectioning commands. All are available in
+all of LaTeX's standard document classes 'book', 'report',
+and 'article', except that '\chapter' is not available in 'article'.
-'\part'
-'\chapter'
- ('report' and 'book' class only)
-'\section'
-'\subsection'
-'\subsubsection'
-'\paragraph'
-'\subparagraph'
+Sectioning unit Command Level
+----------------------------------------------
+Part '\part' -1
+Chapter '\chapter' 0
+Section '\section' 1
+Subsection '\subsection' 2
+Subsubsection '\subsubsection' 3
+Paragraph '\paragraph' 4
+Subparagraph '\subparagraph' 5
- All sectioning commands take the same general form, e.g.,
+ All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
- \chapter[TOCTITLE]{TITLE}
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND{TITLE}
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND*{TITLE}
+ SECTIONING-COMMAND[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
- In addition to providing the heading TITLE in the main text, the
-section title can appear in two other places:
+For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering something
+like '\section{Introduction}'.
- 1. The table of contents.
- 2. The running head at the top of the page.
+ All these commands have a '*'-form that prints TITLE as usual but is
+not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
- You may not want the same text in these places as in the main text.
-To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
-TOCTITLE that, when given, specifies the text for these other places.
+ In addition to providing the heading TITLE in the main text, the
+section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
+head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (*note Page styles::).
+You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
+headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
+argument TOC-TITLE, for the text for these other places.
- Also, all sectioning commands have '*'-forms that print TITLE as
-usual, but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the table
-of contents. For instance:
+ The level number in the table above determine which sectional units
+are numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the
+sectioning command's LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the
+counter 'secnumdepth' then the titles for this sectioning command will
+be numbered. For instance, in an 'article', if 'secnumdepth' is 1 then
+a '\section{Introduction}' command will produce output like '1
+Introduction' while '\subsection{Discussion}' will produce output like
+'Discussion', without the number (*note Sectioning/secnumdepth::). And,
+if LEVEL is less than or equal to the value of the counter 'tocdepth'
+then the table of contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit.
+For instance, if 'tocdepth' is 1 then the table of contents will list
+sections but not subsections. To change either counter, see *note
+Counters::.
- \section*{Preamble}
+ LaTeX expects that before you have a '\subsection' you will have a
+'\section' and, in a book, that before a '\section' you will have a
+'\chapter'. Otherwise you can get a something like a subsection
+numbered '3.0.1'.
The '\appendix' command changes the way following sectional units are
-numbered. The '\appendix' command itself generates no text and does not
-affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this command is
-something like
+numbered. In a 'book', entering this
\chapter{A Chapter}
- ...
+ ...
\appendix
\chapter{The First Appendix}
+causes the appendix to be numbered 'Appendix A'.
+
The 'secnumdepth' counter controls printing of section numbers. The
setting
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{LEVEL}
-suppresses heading numbers at any depth > LEVEL, where 'chapter' is
-level zero. The default 'secnumdepth' is 3 in LaTeX's 'article' class
-and 2 in the 'book' and 'report' classes. (*Note \setcounter::.)
+suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
+division at level LEVEL. *Note Sectioning:: for the level numbers.
+LaTeX's default 'secnumdepth' is 3 in 'article' class and 2 in the
+'book' and 'report' classes (*note \setcounter::).
* Menu:
-* \@startsection:: Redefine layout of start of sections, subsections, etc.
+* \part:: Start a part.
+* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
+* \section:: Start a section.
+* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
+* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
+* \@startsection:: Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \@startsection, Up: Sectioning
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \part, Next: \chapter, Up: Sectioning
-6.1 '\@startsection'
+6.1 '\part'
+===========
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \part{TITLE}
+ \part*{TITLE}
+ \part[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+ Start a document part. The standard LaTeX classes 'book', 'report',
+and 'article', all have this command.
+
+ This produces a document part, in a book.
+
+ \part{VOLUME I \\
+ PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF U.\ S.\ GRANT}
+ \chapter{ANCESTRY--BIRTH--BOYHOOD.}
+ My family is American, and has been for generations, in all its branches,
+ direct and collateral.
+
+ In each standard class the '\part' command outputs a part number such
+as 'Part I', alone on its line, in boldface, and in large type. Then
+LaTeX outputs TITLE, also alone on its line, in bold and in even larger
+type. In class 'book', the LaTeX default puts each part alone on its
+own page. If the book is two-sided then LaTeX will skip a page if
+needed to have the new part on an odd-numbered page. In 'report' it is
+again alone on a page, but LaTeX won't force it onto an odd-numbered
+page. In an 'article' LaTeX does not put it on a fresh page, but
+instead outputs the part number and part title onto the main document
+page.
+
+ The '*' form shows TITLE but it does not show the part number, does
+not increment the 'part' counter, and produces no table of contents
+entry.
+
+ The optional argument TOC-TITLE will appear as the part title in the
+table of contents (*note Tables of contents::) and in running headers
+(*note Page styles::). If it is not present then TITLE will be there.
+This example puts a line break in TITLE but leaves out the break in the
+table of contents.
+
+ \part[Up from the bottom; my life story]{Up from the bottom\\ my life story}
+
+ In the class 'article', if a paragraph immediately follows the part
+title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
+'indentfirst'.
+
+ One package to change the behavior of '\part' is 'titlesec'. See its
+documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \chapter, Next: \section, Prev: \part, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.2 '\chapter'
+==============
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \chapter{TITLE}
+ \chapter*{TITLE}
+ \chapter[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+ Start a chapter. The standard LaTeX classes 'book' and 'report' have
+this command but 'article' does not.
+
+ This produces a chapter.
+
+ \chapter{Loomings}
+ Call me Ishmael.
+ Some years ago---never mind how long precisely---having little or no money in my purse,
+ and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about
+ a little and see the watery part of the world.
+
+ The LaTeX default starts each chapter on a fresh page, an
+odd-numbered page if the document is two-sided. It produces a chapter
+number such as 'Chapter 1' in large boldface type (the size is '\huge').
+It then puts TITLE on a fresh line, in boldface type that is still
+larger (size '\Huge'). It also increments the 'chapter' counter, adds
+an entry to the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::), and sets
+the running header information (*note Page styles::).
+
+ The '*' form shows TITLE on a fresh line, in boldface. But it does
+not show the chapter number, does not increment the 'chapter' counter,
+produces no table of contents entry, and does not affect the running
+header. (If you use the page style 'headings' in a two-sided document
+then the header will be from the prior chapter.) This example
+illustrates.
+
+ \chapter*{Preamble}
+
+ The optional argument TOC-TITLE will appear as the chapter title in
+the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::) and in running
+headers (*note Page styles::). If it is not present then TITLE will be
+there. This shows the full name in the chapter title,
+
+ \chapter[Weyl]{Hermann Klaus Hugo (Peter) Weyl (1885--1955)}
+
+ but only 'Weyl' on the contents page. This puts a line break in the
+title but that doesn't work well with running headers so it omits the
+break in the contents
+
+ \chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]{Given it all at birth\\ my life story}
+
+ For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
+is 0.
+
+ The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
+'indentfirst'.
+
+ You can change what is shown for the chapter number. To change it to
+something like 'Lecture 1', put in the preamble either
+'\renewcommand{\chaptername}{Lecture}' or this (*note \makeatletter and
+\makeatother::).
+
+ \makeatletter
+ \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{Lecture}
+ \makeatother
+
+To make this change because of the primary language for the document,
+see the package 'babel'.
+
+ In a two-sided document LaTeX puts a chapter on odd-numbered page, if
+necessary leaving an even-numbered page that is blank except for any
+running headers. To make that page completly blank, see *note
+\clearpage & \cleardoublepage::.
+
+ To change the behavior of the '\chapter' command, you can copy its
+definition from the LaTeX format file and make adjustments. But there
+are also many packages on CTAN that address this. One is 'titlesec'.
+See its documentation, but the example below gives a sense of what it
+can do.
+
+ \usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+ \titleformat{\chapter}
+ {\Huge\bfseries} % format of title
+ {} % label, such as 1.2 for a subsection
+ {0pt} % length of separation between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+
+This omits the chapter number 'Chapter 1' from the page but unlike
+'\chapter*' it keeps the chapter in the table of contents and the
+running headers.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \section, Next: \subsection, Prev: \chapter, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.3 '\section'
+==============
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \section{TITLE}
+ \section*{TITLE}
+ \section[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+ Start a section. The standard LaTeX classes 'article', 'book', and
+'report' all have this command.
+
+ This produces a section.
+
+ In this Part we tend to be more interested in the function,
+ in the input-output behavior,
+ than in the details of implementing that behavior.
+
+ \section{Turing machines}
+ Despite this desire to downplay implementation,
+ we follow the approach of A~Turing that the
+ first step toward defining the set of computable functions
+ is to reflect on the details of what mechanisms can do.
+
+ For the standard LaTeX classes 'book' and 'report' the default output
+is like '1.2 TITLE' (for chapter 1, section 2), alone on its line and
+flush left, in boldface and a larger type (the type size is '\Large').
+The same holds in 'article' except that there are no chapters in that
+class so it looks like '2 TITLE'.
+
+ The '*' form shows TITLE. But it does not show the section number,
+does not increment the 'section' counter, produces no table of contents
+entry, and does not affect the running header. (If you use the page
+style 'headings' in a two-sided document then the header will be from
+the prior section.)
+
+ The optional argument TOC-TITLE will appear as the section title in
+the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::) and in running
+headers (*note Page styles::). If it is not present then TITLE will be
+there. This shows the full name in the title of the section,
+
+ \section[Elizabeth~II]{Elizabeth the Second,
+ by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom,
+ Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen,
+ Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.}
+
+but only 'Elizabeth II' on the contents page and in the headers. This
+has a line break in TITLE but that does not work with headers so it is
+omitted from the contents and headers.
+
+ \section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story}
+
+ For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
+is 1.
+
+ The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package 'indentfirst'.
+
+ In general, to change the behavior of the '\section' command, there
+are a number of options. One is the '\@startsection' command (*note
+\@startsection::). There are also many packages on CTAN that address
+this, including 'titlesec'. See the documentation but the example below
+gives a sense of what they can do.
+
+ \usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+ \titleformat{\section}
+ {\normalfont\Large\bfseries} % format of title
+ {\makebox[1pc][r]{\thesection\hspace{1pc}}} % label, such as 1 for a section
+ {0pt} % length of separation between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+ \titlespacing*{\section}
+ {-1pc}{18pt}{10pt}[10pc]
+
+That puts the section number in the margin.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \subsection, Next: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Prev: \section, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.4 '\subsection'
+=================
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \subsection{TITLE}
+ \subsection*{TITLE}
+ \subsection[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+ Start a subsection. The standard LaTeX classes 'article', 'book',
+and 'report' all have this command.
+
+ This produces a subsection.
+
+ We will show that there are more functions than Turing machines and that
+ therefore some functions have no associated machine.
+
+ \subsection{Cardinality}
+ We will begin with two paradoxes, two examples that dramatize
+ the challenge to our intuition posed by comparing the sizes of infinite sets.
+
+ For the standard LaTeX classes 'book' and 'report' the default output
+is like '1.2.3 TITLE' (for chapter 1, section 2, subsection 3), alone on
+its line and flush left, in boldface and a larger type (the type size is
+'\large'). The same holds in 'article' except that there are no
+chapters in that class so it looks like '2.3 TITLE'.
+
+ The '*' form shows TITLE. But it does not show the section number,
+does not increment the 'section' counter, and produces no table of
+contents entry.
+
+ The optional argument TOC-TITLE will appear as the section title in
+the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::). If it is not
+present then TITLE will be there. This shows the full name in the title
+of the section,
+
+ \subsection[$\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ paper]{\textit{The Origin of Chemical Elements}
+ by R.A.~Alpher, H.~Bethe, and G.~Gamow}
+
+ but only 'U+03B1,U+03B2,U+03B3 paper' on the contents page.
+
+ For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
+is 2.
+
+ The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as
+is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to
+use the package 'indentfirst'.
+
+ There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
+'\subsection' command. One is the '\@startsection' command (*note
+\@startsection::). There are also many packages on CTAN that address
+this, including 'titlesec'. See the documentation but the example below
+gives a sense of what they can do.
+
+ \usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble
+ \titleformat{\subsection}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries} % format of the title
+ {\thesubsection} % label
+ {0.6em} % space between label and title
+ {} % before-code hook
+
+That puts the subsection number and TITLE in the first line of text.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Next: \@startsection, Prev: \subsection, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.5 '\subsubsection', '\paragraph', '\subparagraph'
+===================================================
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \subsubsection{TITLE}
+ \subsubsection*{TITLE}
+ \subsubsection[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+or one of:
+
+ \paragraph{TITLE}
+ \paragraph*{TITLE}
+ \paragraph[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+or one of:
+
+ \subparagraph{TITLE}
+ \subparagraph*{TITLE}
+ \subparagraph[TOC-TITLE]{TITLE}
+
+ Start a subsubsection, paragraph, or subparagraph. The standard
+LaTeX classes 'article', 'book', and 'report' all have these commands,
+although they are not commonly used.
+
+ This produces a subsubsection.
+
+ \subsubsection{Piston ring compressors: structural performance}
+ Provide exterior/interior wall cladding assemblies
+ capable of withstanding the effects of load and stresses from
+ consumer-grade gasoline engine piston rings.
+
+ The default output of each of the three does not change over the
+standard LaTeX classes 'article', 'book', and 'report'. For
+'\subsubsection' the TITLE is alone on its line, in boldface and normal
+size type. For '\paragraph' the TITLE is inline with the text, not
+indented, in boldface and normal size type. For '\subparagraph' the
+TITLE is inline with the text, with a paragraph indent, in boldface and
+normal size type (Because an 'article' has no chapters its
+subsubsections are numbered and so it looks like '1.2.3 TITLE', for
+section 1, subsection 2, and subsubsection 3. The other two divisions
+are not numbered.)
+
+ The '*' form shows TITLE. But it does not increment the assoiated
+counter and produces no table of contents entry (and does not show the
+number for '\subsubsection').
+
+ The optional argument TOC-TITLE will appear as the division title in
+the table of contents (*note Tables of contents::). If it is not
+present then TITLE will be there.
+
+ For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a
+subsubsection is 3, of a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5.
+
+ The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented,
+as is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to
+use the package 'indentfirst'.
+
+ There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these
+commands. One is the '\@startsection' command (*note \@startsection::).
+There are also many packages on CTAN that address this, including
+'titlesec'. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \@startsection, Prev: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph, Up: Sectioning
+
+6.6 '\@startsection'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -8934,7 +9324,7 @@
Note that the package 'ulem' does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
- documentation is on CTAN.
+ documentation on CTAN.
'\overline{TEXT}'
Put a horizontal line over TEX. Works inside math mode, and
@@ -9306,7 +9696,7 @@
Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is
a list of authors separated by '\and' commands. To separate lines
within a single author's entry, for instance to give the author's
- institution or address, use a double blackslash, '\\'. If you omit
+ institution or address, use a double backslash, '\\'. If you omit
the '\author' declaration then you get 'LaTeX Warning: No \author
given'.
@@ -12610,7 +13000,7 @@
* * prompt: Command line. (line 18)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
(line 27)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 31)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 30)
* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 25)
* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 8)
@@ -12646,7 +13036,7 @@
(line 19)
* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 6)
* amsthm package: theorem. (line 28)
-* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 37)
+* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 59)
* aring: Additional Latin letters.
(line 12)
* arrays, math: array. (line 6)
@@ -12659,8 +13049,9 @@
* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 19)
* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 43)
* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 33)
-* babel package: thebibliography. (line 53)
-* babel package <1>: Accents. (line 6)
+* babel package: \chapter. (line 70)
+* babel package <1>: thebibliography. (line 53)
+* babel package <2>: Accents. (line 6)
* background, colored: Colored pages. (line 6)
* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 73)
* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
@@ -12697,6 +13088,7 @@
* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 88)
* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6)
* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6)
+* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* breve accent: Accents. (line 86)
* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 17)
* bug reporting: About this document. (line 21)
@@ -12720,6 +13112,8 @@
* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 6)
* centering text, environment for: center. (line 6)
* Centimeter: Units of length. (line 24)
+* chapter: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 6)
* character category code: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
(line 18)
* characters, accented: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -12837,6 +13231,7 @@
* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 16)
* difference between class and package: Class and package construction.
(line 15)
+* discretionary breaks, multiplication: \*. (line 6)
* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6)
* display math mode: Modes. (line 28)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
@@ -13034,7 +13429,13 @@
* including graphics: \includegraphics. (line 6)
* indent, forcing: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 108)
-* indentfirst package: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
+* indentfirst package: \part. (line 46)
+* indentfirst package <1>: \chapter. (line 57)
+* indentfirst package <2>: \section. (line 59)
+* indentfirst package <3>: \subsection. (line 49)
+* indentfirst package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 59)
+* indentfirst package <5>: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 16)
* indexes: Indexes. (line 6)
* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 6)
@@ -13101,6 +13502,7 @@
* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
+* line breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
* lines in tables: tabular. (line 6)
@@ -13171,11 +13573,9 @@
* moving arguments: \protect. (line 19)
* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 62)
* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 49)
-* muiltiplication, line breaks: \*. (line 6)
* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 6)
* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6)
* multind package: Indexes. (line 39)
-* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: \*. (line 6)
* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* nested \include, not allowed: \include & \includeonly.
(line 99)
@@ -13250,8 +13650,9 @@
* package, amsmath <7>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
-* package, babel: thebibliography. (line 53)
-* package, babel <1>: Accents. (line 6)
+* package, babel: \chapter. (line 70)
+* package, babel <1>: thebibliography. (line 53)
+* package, babel <2>: Accents. (line 6)
* package, bigfoot: Footnotes of footnotes.
(line 6)
* package, bm: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
@@ -13277,7 +13678,13 @@
(line 44)
* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, hyperref <1>: \pagenumbering. (line 45)
-* package, indentfirst: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
+* package, indentfirst: \part. (line 46)
+* package, indentfirst <1>: \chapter. (line 57)
+* package, indentfirst <2>: \section. (line 59)
+* package, indentfirst <3>: \subsection. (line 49)
+* package, indentfirst <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 59)
+* package, indentfirst <5>: \indent & \noindent. (line 48)
* package, listings: tabbing. (line 145)
* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 31)
* package, macros2e: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
@@ -13301,6 +13708,12 @@
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
(line 42)
* package, textcomp: Font styles. (line 134)
+* package, titlesec: \part. (line 50)
+* package, titlesec <1>: \chapter. (line 78)
+* package, titlesec <2>: \section. (line 63)
+* package, titlesec <3>: \subsection. (line 53)
+* package, titlesec <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 63)
* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
(line 15)
* package, url: \verb. (line 30)
@@ -13321,6 +13734,9 @@
* page styles: Page styles. (line 6)
* page, colored: Colored pages. (line 6)
* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 6)
+* paragraph: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
* paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
(line 6)
* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 108)
@@ -13335,6 +13751,8 @@
* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 34)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
+* part: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* part <1>: \part. (line 6)
* PDF graphic files: Graphics package configuration.
(line 6)
* PDF graphic files <1>: \includegraphics. (line 6)
@@ -13421,11 +13839,14 @@
* scaling <1>: \resizebox. (line 6)
* script fonts: Calligraphic. (line 6)
* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 74)
+* section: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* section <1>: \section. (line 6)
* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
-* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 47)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 69)
* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 58)
* section, redefining: \@startsection. (line 6)
* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* sectioning, part: \part. (line 6)
* series, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
(line 48)
* setspace package: Low-level font commands.
@@ -13484,8 +13905,15 @@
* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 6)
* styles of text: Font styles. (line 6)
* styles, page: Page styles. (line 6)
+* subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
(line 6)
+* subsection: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 6)
+* subsubsection: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
(line 6)
* symbols package: Math symbols. (line 10)
@@ -13531,6 +13959,12 @@
* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6)
* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 64)
* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 6)
+* titlesec package: \part. (line 50)
+* titlesec package <1>: \chapter. (line 78)
+* titlesec package <2>: \section. (line 63)
+* titlesec package <3>: \subsection. (line 53)
+* titlesec package <4>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 63)
* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 172)
* transcript file: Output files. (line 28)
* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 6)
@@ -13688,7 +14122,7 @@
* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 33)
* \and for \author: \maketitle. (line 43)
* \angle: Math symbols. (line 36)
-* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 37)
+* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 59)
* \approx: Math symbols. (line 41)
* \arabic{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
(line 24)
@@ -13777,7 +14211,8 @@
* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 126)
* \cdots: Ellipses. (line 17)
* \centering: \centering. (line 6)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 9)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \chapter <1>: \chapter. (line 6)
* \check: Math accents. (line 19)
* \CheckCommand: Class and package commands.
(line 21)
@@ -14293,7 +14728,9 @@
* \paperwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 86)
* \par: \par. (line 6)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 14)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 515)
* \parbox: \parbox. (line 6)
* \parindent: minipage. (line 108)
@@ -14304,7 +14741,8 @@
* \parskip: \parindent & \parskip.
(line 6)
* \parskip example: itemize. (line 72)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 8)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \part <1>: \part. (line 6)
* \partial: Math symbols. (line 518)
* \partopsep: list. (line 151)
* \PassOptionsToClass: Class and package commands.
@@ -14408,7 +14846,8 @@
* \scshape: Font styles. (line 51)
* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 632)
* \sec: Math functions. (line 93)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 11)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \section <1>: \section. (line 6)
* \seename: Indexes. (line 20)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
(line 131)
@@ -14456,11 +14895,15 @@
* \star: Math symbols. (line 694)
* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 6)
* \stop: Command line. (line 18)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 15)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 12)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \subparagraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 6)
+* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 6)
* \subset: Math symbols. (line 701)
* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 704)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 13)
+* \subsubsection: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
+ (line 6)
* \succ: Math symbols. (line 707)
* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 711)
* \sum: Math symbols. (line 716)
@@ -14805,7 +15248,7 @@
* quotation environment: quotation & quote. (line 6)
* quote environment: quotation & quote. (line 6)
* report class: Document classes. (line 11)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 47)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 69)
* slides class: Document classes. (line 11)
* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6)
* sp: Units of length. (line 36)
@@ -14839,275 +15282,280 @@
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+Node: Output files8066
+Node: TeX engines10312
+Node: LaTeX command syntax12750
+Node: Environment14584
+Node: Declaration15657
+Node: \makeatletter and \makeatother16043
+Node: \@ifstar18236
+Node: Document classes21065
+Node: Document class options22388
+Node: Additional packages25470
+Node: Class and package construction26101
+Node: Class and package structure27553
+Node: Class and package commands29847
+Node: Fonts47372
+Ref: Typefaces47475
+Node: Font styles47803
+Node: Font sizes52231
+Node: Low-level font commands53462
+Node: Layout58569
+Node: \onecolumn59067
+Node: \twocolumn59429
+Node: \flushbottom63824
+Node: \raggedbottom64924
+Node: Page layout parameters65460
+Node: Floats71158
+Node: Sectioning77623
+Ref: Sectioning/secnumdepth80515
+Node: \part81307
+Node: \chapter83293
+Node: \section87036
+Node: \subsection90268
+Node: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph92992
+Node: \@startsection95599
+Ref: \@startsection/name96923
+Ref: \@startsection/level97383
+Ref: \@startsection/indent98454
+Ref: \@startsection/beforeskip98717
+Ref: \@startsection/afterskip100238
+Ref: \@startsection/style101549
+Node: Cross references105385
+Node: \label107495
+Node: \pageref109292
+Node: \ref110092
+Node: Environments110969
+Node: abstract112972
+Node: array114561
+Node: center116956
+Node: \centering118684
+Node: description120128
+Node: displaymath122315
+Node: document124093
+Node: \AtBeginDocument124523
+Node: \AtEndDocument125147
+Node: enumerate125791
+Node: eqnarray128588
+Node: equation130583
+Node: figure131211
+Node: filecontents133282
+Node: flushleft135032
+Node: \raggedright135961
+Node: flushright137159
+Node: \raggedleft137822
+Node: itemize138612
+Node: letter142079
+Node: list142317
+Node: \item155135
+Node: trivlist156386
+Node: math157914
+Node: minipage158220
+Node: picture163077
+Node: \put169501
+Node: \multiput169979
+Node: \qbezier170699
+Node: \graphpaper171627
+Node: \line172424
+Node: \linethickness174203
+Node: \thinlines174652
+Node: \thicklines175063
+Node: \circle175447
+Node: \oval175987
+Node: \shortstack176966
+Node: \vector178360
+Node: \makebox (picture)179203
+Node: \framebox (picture)180124
+Node: \frame180921
+Node: \dashbox181322
+Node: quotation & quote182048
+Node: tabbing182944
+Node: table188949
+Node: tabular190970
+Node: \multicolumn198220
+Node: \vline202105
+Node: \cline203450
+Node: \hline204134
+Node: thebibliography204816
+Node: \bibitem207229
+Node: \cite209507
+Node: \nocite211160
+Node: Using BibTeX211649
+Node: theorem213596
+Node: titlepage214518
+Node: verbatim215801
+Node: \verb217311
+Node: verse218780
+Node: Line breaking220010
+Node: \\221376
+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr223825
+Node: \newline224625
+Node: \- (hyphenation)225563
+Node: \discretionary227204
+Node: \fussy & \sloppy228092
+Node: sloppypar228874
+Node: \hyphenation230013
+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak230599
+Node: Page breaking231670
+Node: \clearpage & \cleardoublepage233699
+Node: \newpage235177
+Node: \enlargethispage236470
+Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak237426
+Node: Footnotes239009
+Node: \footnote240155
+Node: \footnotemark243103
+Node: \footnotetext245448
+Node: Footnotes in section headings246049
+Node: Footnotes in a table246876
+Node: Footnotes of footnotes249754
+Node: Definitions250458
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand251335
+Node: \providecommand256549
+Node: \newcounter257698
+Node: \newlength259443
+Node: \newsavebox260303
+Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment261247
+Node: \newtheorem266361
+Node: \newfont269889
+Node: \protect271185
+Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend273571
+Node: Counters276317
+Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol277990
+Node: \usecounter280819
+Node: \value281682
+Node: \setcounter282611
+Node: \addtocounter283213
+Node: \refstepcounter283678
+Node: \stepcounter284336
+Node: \day \month \year284678
+Node: Lengths285223
+Node: Units of length287013
+Node: \setlength288507
+Node: \addtolength289284
+Node: \settodepth290258
+Node: \settoheight291013
+Node: \settowidth291772
+Node: Predefined lengths292555
+Node: Making paragraphs293070
+Node: \par294725
+Node: \indent & \noindent296407
+Node: \parindent & \parskip297959
+Node: Marginal notes298998
+Node: Math formulas300797
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts304784
+Node: Math symbols306893
+Node: Blackboard bold333292
+Node: Calligraphic334068
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath334641
+Node: Ellipses336174
+Node: Math functions338321
+Node: Math accents339929
+Node: Over- and Underlining340828
+Node: Spacing in math mode342557
+Node: Math miscellany344113
+Node: Colon character & \colon344672
+Node: \*345365
+Node: \frac345949
+Node: \left & \right346362
+Node: \sqrt347539
+Node: \stackrel348134
+Node: Modes348407
+Node: \ensuremath351021
+Node: Page styles351738
+Node: \maketitle352501
+Node: \pagenumbering355511
+Node: \pagestyle357449
+Node: \thispagestyle360954
+Node: Spaces361341
+Node: \hspace362211
+Node: \hfill363166
+Node: \spacefactor363558
+Node: \(SPACE) and \@366270
+Ref: \AT366413
+Node: \frenchspacing367890
+Node: \normalsfcodes368506
+Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence368695
+Node: \thinspace369606
+Node: \/369998
+Node: \hrulefill \dotfill371180
+Node: \addvspace372173
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip373219
+Node: \vfill374111
+Node: \vspace374980
+Node: Boxes375973
+Node: \mbox376685
+Node: \fbox and \framebox376972
+Node: lrbox377776
+Node: \makebox378134
+Node: \parbox378854
+Node: \raisebox380961
+Node: \savebox381570
+Node: \sbox381985
+Node: \usebox382434
+Node: Color382695
+Node: Color package options383539
+Node: Color models385185
+Node: Commands for color387494
+Node: Define colors387909
+Node: Colored text388624
+Node: Colored boxes390996
+Node: Colored pages392432
+Node: Graphics393125
+Node: Graphics package options395252
+Node: Graphics package configuration398005
+Node: \graphicspath398807
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions401730
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule403527
+Node: Commands for graphics406716
+Node: \includegraphics407221
+Node: \rotatebox420190
+Node: \scalebox422985
+Node: \resizebox424037
+Node: Special insertions425229
+Node: Reserved characters426033
+Node: Upper and lower case427234
+Node: Symbols by font position429149
+Node: Text symbols429769
+Node: Accents433217
+Node: Additional Latin letters435759
+Ref: Non-English characters435930
+Node: \rule436947
+Node: \today437376
+Node: Splitting the input438130
+Node: \endinput439610
+Node: \include & \includeonly440877
+Node: \input444913
+Node: Front/back matter445621
+Node: Tables of contents445826
+Node: \addcontentsline446887
+Node: \addtocontents447905
+Node: Glossaries448438
+Node: Indexes448957
+Node: Letters450590
+Node: \address454256
+Node: \cc455067
+Node: \closing455485
+Node: \encl455762
+Node: \location456177
+Node: \makelabels456441
+Node: \name458593
+Node: \opening458834
+Node: \ps459115
+Node: \signature459404
+Node: \telephone460621
+Node: Terminal input/output460986
+Node: \typein461251
+Node: \typeout461836
+Node: Command line462459
+Node: Document templates463411
+Node: beamer template463818
+Node: book template464469
+Node: tugboat template464837
+Node: Concept Index467201
+Node: Command Index541344
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-10 21:13:25 UTC (rev 647)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-11 15:39:08 UTC (rev 648)
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
@c xx merge permuted-index
@c xx merge latex-manual from savannah
@c xx merge display style math
- at c xx vertical mode, horizontal mode
@c xx JH Discuss restricted execution
@c xx JH explain nfss somewhere
@c xx JH picture: put vs multiput vs qspline to put things in picture
@@ -32,7 +31,8 @@
@c xx JH ligatures
@c xx JH \xspace
@c xx JH \stretch
- at c xx JH \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \appendix, \backmatter
+ at c xx JH \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \appendix, \backmatter (and adjust Sectioning and \chapter)
+ at c xx JH secnumdepth, tocdepth under counters (and adjust \chapter, \section, etc.)
@c
@c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel
@c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included.
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
* Document classes:: Some of the various classes available.
* Fonts:: Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
* Layout:: Controlling the page layout.
-* Sectioning:: How to section properly.
+* Sectioning:: Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc.
* Cross references:: Automatic referencing.
* Environments:: Such as enumerate & itemize.
* Line breaking:: Influencing line breaks.
@@ -2512,64 +2512,98 @@
@chapter Sectioning
@cindex sectioning commands
+ at cindex part
+ at cindex chapter
+ at cindex section
+ at cindex subsection
+ at cindex paragraph
+ at cindex subparagraph
+ at findex \part
+ at findex \chapter
+ at findex \section
+ at findex \subsection
+ at findex \paragraph
+ at findex \subparagraph
-Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
+Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc.
+Below are @LaTeX{}'s standard sectioning commands. All are available in
+all of @LaTeX{}'s standard document classes @code{book}, @code{report},
+and at tie{}@code{article}, except that @code{\chapter} is not available in
+ at code{article}.
- at ftable @code
- at item \part
- at item \chapter
-(@code{report} and @code{book} class only)
- at item \section
- at item \subsection
- at item \subsubsection
- at item \paragraph
- at item \subparagraph
- at end ftable
+ at multitable @columnfractions .25 .25 .10
+ at headitem Sectioning unit @tab Command @tab Level
+ at item Part
+ at tab @code{\part} @tab -1
+ at item Chapter
+ at tab @code{\chapter} @tab 0
+ at item Section
+ at tab @code{\section} @tab 1
+ at item Subsection
+ at tab @code{\subsection} @tab 2
+ at item Subsubsection
+ at tab @code{\subsubsection} @tab 3
+ at item Paragraph
+ at tab @code{\paragraph} @tab 4
+ at item Subparagraph
+ at tab @code{\subparagraph} @tab 5
+ at end multitable
-All sectioning commands take the same general form, e.g.,
+All sectioning commands take the same general form, one of:
@example
-\chapter[@var{toctitle}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at var{sectioning-command}@{@var{title}@}
+ at var{sectioning-command}*@{@var{title}@}
+ at var{sectioning-command}[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
@end example
-In addition to providing the heading @var{title} in the main text, the
-section title can appear in two other places:
+ at noindent For instance, make a section with a declaration by entering
+something like @code{\section@{Introduction@}}.
- at enumerate
- at item
-The table of contents.
- at item
-The running head at the top of the page.
- at end enumerate
+ at cindex @code{*}-form of sectioning commands
+All these commands have a @code{*}-form that prints @var{title} as usual
+but is not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents.
-You may not want the same text in these places as in the main text.
-To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
- at var{toctitle} that, when given, specifies the text for these other
-places.
+In addition to providing the heading @var{title} in the main text, the
+section title can appear in the table of contents and in the running
+head or foot at the top or bottom of the page (@pxref{Page styles}).
+You may not want the same title text in these table of contents and page
+headers as in the main text. All of these commands have an optional
+argument @var{toc-title}, for the text for these other places.
- at cindex @code{*}-form of sectioning commands
-Also, all sectioning commands have @code{*}-forms that print
- at var{title} as usual, but do not include a number and do not make an
-entry in the table of contents. For instance:
+The level number in the table above determine which sectional units are
+numbered, and which appear in the table of contents. If the sectioning
+command's @var{level} is less than or equal to the value of the counter
+ at code{secnumdepth} then the titles for this sectioning command will be
+numbered. For instance, in an @code{article}, if @code{secnumdepth} is
+1 then a @code{\section@{Introduction@}} command will produce output
+like @samp{1 Introduction} while @code{\subsection@{Discussion@}} will
+produce output like @samp{Discussion}, without the number
+(@pxref{Sectioning/secnumdepth}). And, if @var{level} is less than or
+equal to the value of the counter @code{tocdepth} then the table of
+contents will have an entry for this sectioning unit. For instance, if
+ at code{tocdepth} is at tie{}1 then the table of contents will list sections
+but not subsections. To change either counter, see at tie{}@ref{Counters}.
- at example
-\section*@{Preamble@}
- at end example
+ at LaTeX{} expects that before you have a @code{\subsection} you will have
+a @code{\section} and, in a book, that before a @code{\section} you will
+have a @code{\chapter}. Otherwise you can get a something like a
+subsection numbered @samp{3.0.1}.
@findex \appendix
@cindex appendix, creating
The @code{\appendix} command changes the way following sectional units
-are numbered. The @code{\appendix} command itself generates no text
-and does not affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this
-command is something like
+are numbered. In a @code{book}, entering this
@example
\chapter@{A Chapter@}
- at dots{}
+ ...
\appendix
\chapter@{The First Appendix@}
@end example
+ at noindent causes the appendix to be numbered @samp{Appendix A}.
+
@findex secnumdepth @r{counter}
@cindex section numbers, printing
@anchor{Sectioning/secnumdepth}
@@ -2581,16 +2615,464 @@
@end example
@noindent
-suppresses heading numbers at any depth @math{> @var{level}}, where
- at code{chapter} is level zero. The default @code{secnumdepth} is 3 in
- at LaTeX{}'s @file{article} class and 2 in the @file{book} and
- at file{report} classes. (@xref{\setcounter}.)
+suppresses heading numbers at any depth greater than the sectioning
+division at level @var{level}. @xref{Sectioning} for the level numbers.
+ at LaTeX{}'s default @code{secnumdepth} is at tie{}3 in @file{article} class
+and @tie{}2 in the @file{book} and @file{report} classes
+(@pxref{\setcounter}).
@menu
-* \@@startsection:: Redefine layout of start of sections, subsections, etc.
+* \part:: Start a part.
+* \chapter:: Start a chapter.
+* \section:: Start a section.
+* \subsection:: Start a subsection.
+* \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph:: Lower divisions.
+* \@@startsection:: Redefine layout of sections, subsections, etc.
@end menu
+ at node \part
+ at section @code{\part}
+
+ at findex \part
+ at cindex part
+ at cindex sectioning, part
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\part@{@var{title}@}
+\part*@{@var{title}@}
+\part[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+Start a document part. The standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{book},
+ at code{report}, and @code{article}, all have this command.
+
+This produces a document part, in a book.
+
+ at example
+\part@{VOLUME I \\
+ PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF U.\ S.\ GRANT@}
+\chapter@{ANCESTRY--BIRTH--BOYHOOD.@}
+My family is American, and has been for generations, in all its branches,
+direct and collateral.
+ at end example
+
+In each standard class the @code{\part} command outputs a part number
+such as @samp{Part I}, alone on its line, in boldface, and in large
+type. Then @LaTeX{} outputs @var{title}, also alone on its line, in
+bold and in even larger type. In class @code{book}, the @LaTeX{}
+default puts each part alone on its own page. If the book is two-sided
+then @LaTeX{} will skip a page if needed to have the new part on an
+odd-numbered page. In @code{report} it is again alone on a page, but
+ at LaTeX{} won't force it onto an odd-numbered page. In an @code{article}
+ at LaTeX{} does not put it on a fresh page, but instead outputs the part
+number and part title onto the main document page.
+
+The @code{*}@tie{}form shows @var{title}
+but it does not show the part number, does not increment the
+ at code{part} counter, and produces no table of contents entry.
+
+The optional argument @var{toc-title} will appear as the part title in
+the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}) and in running
+headers (@pxref{Page styles}). If it is not present then @var{title}
+will be there. This example puts a line break in @var{title} but leaves
+out the break in the table of contents.
+
+ at example
+\part[Up from the bottom; my life story]@{Up from the bottom\\ my life story@}
+ at end example
+
+ at PkgIndex{indentfirst}
+In the class @code{article}, if a paragraph immediately follows the part
+title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package
+ at file{indentfirst}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{titlesec}
+One package to change the behavior of @code{\part} is @file{titlesec}.
+See its documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+ at node \chapter
+ at section @code{\chapter}
+
+ at findex \chapter
+ at cindex chapter
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\chapter@{@var{title}@}
+\chapter*@{@var{title}@}
+\chapter[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+Start a chapter. The standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{book} and
+ at code{report} have this command but @code{article} does not.
+
+This produces a chapter.
+
+ at example
+\chapter@{Loomings@}
+Call me Ishmael.
+Some years ago---never mind how long precisely---having little or no money in my purse,
+and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about
+a little and see the watery part of the world.
+ at end example
+
+The @LaTeX{} default starts each chapter on a fresh page, an
+odd-numbered page if the document is two-sided. It produces a chapter
+number such as @samp{Chapter 1} in large boldface type (the size is
+ at code{\huge}). It then puts @var{title} on a fresh line, in boldface
+type that is still larger (size @code{\Huge}). It also increments the
+ at code{chapter} counter, adds an entry to the table of contents
+(@pxref{Tables of contents}), and sets the running header information
+(@pxref{Page styles}).
+
+The @code{*}@tie{}form shows @var{title} on a fresh line, in boldface.
+But it does not show the chapter number, does not increment the
+ at code{chapter} counter, produces no table of contents entry, and does
+not affect the running header. (If you use the page style
+ at code{headings} in a two-sided document then the header will be from the
+prior chapter.) This example illustrates.
+
+ at example
+\chapter*@{Preamble@}
+ at end example
+
+The optional argument @var{toc-title} will appear as the chapter title
+in the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}) and in running
+headers (@pxref{Page styles}). If it is not present then @var{title}
+will be there. This shows the full name in the chapter title,
+
+ at example
+\chapter[Weyl]@{Hermann Klaus Hugo (Peter) Weyl (1885--1955)@}
+ at end example
+
+but only @samp{Weyl} on the contents page. This puts a line break in
+the title but that doesn't work well with running headers so it omits
+the break in the contents
+
+ at example
+\chapter[Given it all at birth\\ my life story]@{Given it all at birth\\ my life story@}
+ at end example
+
+For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a chapter
+is at tie{}0.
+ at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+
+ at PkgIndex{indentfirst}
+The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package
+ at file{indentfirst}.
+
+You can change what is shown for the chapter number. To change it to
+something like @samp{Lecture 1}, put in the preamble either
+ at code{\renewcommand@{\chaptername@}@{Lecture@}} or this
+(@pxref{\makeatletter and \makeatother}).
+
+ at example
+\makeatletter
+\renewcommand@{\@@chapapp@}@{Lecture@}
+\makeatother
+ at end example
+
+ at PkgIndex{babel}
+ at noindent To make this change because of the primary language for
+the document, see the package @file{babel}.
+
+In a two-sided document @LaTeX{} puts a chapter on odd-numbered page, if
+necessary leaving an even-numbered page that is blank except for any
+running headers. To make that page completly blank,
+see at tie{}@ref{\clearpage & \cleardoublepage}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{titlesec}
+To change the behavior of the @code{\chapter} command, you can copy its
+definition from the @LaTeX{} format file and make adjustments. But
+there are also many packages on CTAN that address this. One is
+ at file{titlesec}. See its documentation, but the example below gives a
+sense of what it can do.
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{titlesec@} % in preamble
+\titleformat@{\chapter@}
+ @{\Huge\bfseries@} % format of title
+ @{@} % label, such as 1.2 for a subsection
+ @{0pt@} % length of separation between label and title
+ @{@} % before-code hook
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent This omits the chapter number @samp{Chapter 1} from the page
+but unlike @code{\chapter*} it keeps the chapter in the table of
+contents and the running headers.
+
+
+ at node \section
+ at section @code{\section}
+
+ at findex \section
+ at cindex section
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\section@{@var{title}@}
+\section*@{@var{title}@}
+\section[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+Start a section. The standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{article},
+ at code{book}, and @code{report} all have this command.
+
+This produces a section.
+
+ at example
+In this Part we tend to be more interested in the function,
+in the input-output behavior,
+than in the details of implementing that behavior.
+
+\section@{Turing machines@}
+Despite this desire to downplay implementation,
+we follow the approach of A~Turing that the
+first step toward defining the set of computable functions
+is to reflect on the details of what mechanisms can do.
+ at end example
+
+For the standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{book} and @code{report} the
+default output is like @samp{1.2 @var{title}} (for chapter at tie{}1,
+section at tie{}2), alone on its line and flush left, in boldface and a
+larger type (the type size is @code{\Large}). The same holds in
+ at code{article} except that there are no chapters in that class so it
+looks like @samp{2 @var{title}}.
+
+The @code{*}@tie{}form shows @var{title}.
+But it does not show the section number, does not increment the
+ at code{section} counter, produces no table of contents entry, and does
+not affect the running header. (If you use the page style
+ at code{headings} in a two-sided document then the header will be from the
+prior section.)
+
+The optional argument @var{toc-title} will appear as the section title
+in the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}) and in running
+headers (@pxref{Page styles}). If it is not present then @var{title}
+will be there. This shows the full name in the title of the section,
+
+ at example
+\section[Elizabeth~II]@{Elizabeth the Second,
+ by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom,
+ Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen,
+ Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent but only @samp{Elizabeth II} on the contents page and in the headers.
+This has a line break in @var{title} but that does not work with headers
+so it is omitted from the contents and headers.
+
+ at example
+\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]@{Truth is, I cheated\\ my life story@}
+ at end example
+
+For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a section
+is at tie{}1.
+ at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+
+ at PkgIndex{indentfirst}
+The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package @file{indentfirst}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{titlesec}
+In general, to change the behavior of the @code{\section} command, there
+are a number of options. One is the @code{\@@startsection} command
+(@pxref{\@@startsection}). There are also many packages on CTAN that
+address this, including @file{titlesec}. See the documentation but the
+example below gives a sense of what they can do.
+
+ at c credit: egreg https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.text.tex/tvc8oM5P4y4
+ at example
+\usepackage@{titlesec@} % in preamble
+\titleformat@{\section@}
+ @{\normalfont\Large\bfseries@} % format of title
+ @{\makebox[1pc][r]@{\thesection\hspace@{1pc@}@}@} % label, such as 1 for a section
+ @{0pt@} % length of separation between label and title
+ @{@} % before-code hook
+\titlespacing*@{\section@}
+ @{-1pc@}@{18pt@}@{10pt@}[10pc]
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent That puts the section number in the margin.
+
+
+ at node \subsection
+ at section @code{\subsection}
+
+ at findex \subsection
+ at cindex subsection
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\subsection@{@var{title}@}
+\subsection*@{@var{title}@}
+\subsection[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+Start a subsection. The standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{article},
+ at code{book}, and @code{report} all have this command.
+
+This produces a subsection.
+
+ at example
+We will show that there are more functions than Turing machines and that
+therefore some functions have no associated machine.
+
+\subsection@{Cardinality@}
+We will begin with two paradoxes, two examples that dramatize
+the challenge to our intuition posed by comparing the sizes of infinite sets.
+ at end example
+
+For the standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{book} and @code{report} the
+default output is like @samp{1.2.3 @var{title}} (for chapter at tie{}1,
+section at tie{}2, subsection at tie{}3), alone on its line and flush left, in
+boldface and a larger type (the type size is @code{\large}). The same
+holds in @code{article} except that there are no chapters in that class
+so it looks like @samp{2.3 @var{title}}.
+
+The @code{*}@tie{}form shows @var{title}.
+But it does not show the section number, does not increment the
+ at code{section} counter, and produces no table of contents entry.
+
+The optional argument @var{toc-title} will appear as the section title
+in the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}). If it is not
+present then @var{title} will be there. This shows the full name in the
+title of the section,
+
+ at example
+\subsection[$\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ paper]@{\textit@{The Origin of Chemical Elements@}
+ by R.A.~Alpher, H.~Bethe, and G.~Gamow@}
+ at end example
+
+but only @samp{@BES{03B1,\alpha}, at BES{03B2,\beta}, at BES{03B3,\gamma}
+paper} on the contents page.
+
+For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsection
+is at tie{}2.
+ at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+
+ at PkgIndex{indentfirst}
+The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package @file{indentfirst}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{titlesec}
+There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
+ at code{\subsection} command. One is the @code{\@@startsection} command
+(@pxref{\@@startsection}). There are also many packages on CTAN that
+address this, including @file{titlesec}. See the documentation but the
+example below gives a sense of what they can do.
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{titlesec@} % in preamble
+\titleformat@{\subsection@}[runin]
+ @{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries@} % format of the title
+ @{\thesubsection@} % label
+ @{0.6em@} % space between label and title
+ @{@} % before-code hook
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent That puts the subsection number and @var{title} in the first
+line of text.
+
+
+ at node \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph
+
+ at section @code{\subsubsection}, @code{\paragraph}, @code{\subparagraph}
+
+ at findex \subsubsection
+ at cindex subsubsection
+ at findex \paragraph
+ at cindex paragraph
+ at findex \subparagraph
+ at cindex subparagraph
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\subsubsection@{@var{title}@}
+\subsubsection*@{@var{title}@}
+\subsubsection[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent or one of:
+
+ at example
+\paragraph@{@var{title}@}
+\paragraph*@{@var{title}@}
+\paragraph[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent or one of:
+
+ at example
+\subparagraph@{@var{title}@}
+\subparagraph*@{@var{title}@}
+\subparagraph[@var{toc-title}]@{@var{title}@}
+ at end example
+
+Start a subsubsection, paragraph, or subparagraph. The standard
+ at LaTeX{} classes @code{article}, @code{book}, and @code{report} all have
+these commands, although they are not commonly used.
+
+This produces a subsubsection.
+
+ at example
+\subsubsection@{Piston ring compressors: structural performance@}
+Provide exterior/interior wall cladding assemblies
+capable of withstanding the effects of load and stresses from
+consumer-grade gasoline engine piston rings.
+ at end example
+
+The default output of each of the three does not change over the
+standard @LaTeX{} classes @code{article}, @code{book}, and
+ at code{report}. For @code{\subsubsection} the @var{title} is alone on
+its line, in boldface and normal size type. For @code{\paragraph} the
+ at var{title} is inline with the text, not indented, in boldface and
+normal size type. For @code{\subparagraph} the @var{title} is inline
+with the text, with a paragraph indent, in boldface and normal size type
+(Because an @code{article} has no chapters its subsubsections are
+numbered and so it looks like @samp{1.2.3 @var{title}}, for
+section at tie{}1, subsection at tie{}2, and subsubsection at tie{}3. The other
+two divisions are not numbered.)
+
+The @code{*}@tie{}form shows @var{title}. But it does not increment the
+assoiated counter and produces no table of contents entry (and does not
+show the number for @code{\subsubsection}).
+
+The optional argument @var{toc-title} will appear as the division title
+in the table of contents (@pxref{Tables of contents}). If it is not
+present then @var{title} will be there.
+
+For the purpose of determining which sectional units are numbered and
+which appear in the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection
+is at tie{}3, of a paragraph is at tie{}4, and of a subparagraph is at tie{}5.
+ at c (@pxref{secnumdepth} and @pxref{tocdepth}).
+
+ at PkgIndex{indentfirst}
+The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a
+standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the
+package @file{indentfirst}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{titlesec}
+There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands.
+One is the @code{\@@startsection} command (@pxref{\@@startsection}).
+There are also many packages on CTAN that address this, including
+ at file{titlesec}. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
@node \@@startsection
@section @code{\@@startsection}
@@ -10922,7 +11404,7 @@
@PkgIndex{ulem}
Note that the package @file{ulem} does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation is on CTAN.
+documentation on CTAN.
@item \overline@{@var{text}@}
Put a horizontal line over @var{tex}. Works inside math mode, and
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