[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r616 - trunk
vincentb1 at gnu.org.ua
vincentb1 at gnu.org.ua
Tue Apr 3 20:28:55 CEST 2018
Author: vincentb1
Date: 2018-04-03 21:28:55 +0300 (Tue, 03 Apr 2018)
New Revision: 616
Modified:
trunk/latex2e-fr.texi
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
Translate edits from Jim r609 2018-03-04 as far as description env is concerned.
* latex2e-fr.texi (All document): Use ?\194?\171?\194?\160tapuscrit?\194?\160?\194?\187 instead or as
an alternartive to ?\194?\171?\194?\160machine ?\195?\160 ?\195?\169crire?\194?\160?\194?\187 for tt font family.
(Top, Color, Graphics): Add Color and Graphics nodes and sub-nodes
thereof, without translation.
(description): Translate edits from Jim r609 2018-03-04
* latex2e.texi (description): @var{}-ify ?\194?\171?\194?\160text of first item?\194?\160?\194?\187
and ?\194?\171?\194?\160text of second item?\194?\160?\194?\187
(description): ?\194?\171?\194?\160labeled list of items?\194?\160?\194?\187 -> ?\194?\171?\194?\160list of labeled items?\194?\160?\194?\187
(Color package options): @code{}-ify ?\194?\171?\194?\160color?\194?\160?\194?\187 in title, as it is
the package name.
(Graphics package options, Graphics package configuration):
@code{}-ify ?\194?\171?\194?\160graphics?\194?\160?\194?\187 in title, as it is the package name.
Modified: trunk/latex2e-fr.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e-fr.texi 2018-03-29 14:57:26 UTC (rev 615)
+++ trunk/latex2e-fr.texi 2018-04-03 18:28:55 UTC (rev 616)
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
@setfilename latex2e-fr.info
@documentlanguage fr
@documentencoding UTF-8
- at set UPDATED Août 2017
+ at set UPDATED Mars 2018
@include common.texi
@settitle Manuel de référence officieux de @LaTeX{}2e (@value{UPDATED})
@comment % ** fin de tête (c'est pour courir Texinfo sur une région.)
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@
@c xx mais LaTeX2e substance est manquant.
@c xx une liste aléatoire de quelques items manquant est à la fin de ce fichier
@c
- at c xx misc commands from clsguide.pdf: \ignorespacesafterend,
- at c \normalsfcodes
- at c xx color (include info from clsguide.pdf)
@c xx ending a run with errors
@c xx ctan, distributions, composant de TeX
@c xx mention \nocorr, \textit et ic
@@ -59,9 +56,8 @@
@cite{@TeX{}niques} numéro 10), il l'a utilisé en tant que matériel de
référence (aucun texte n'était directement copié).
-Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 2015-2017 Vincent Belaïche --- traduction.@*
-Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
-2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Karl Berry. @*
+Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 2015-2018 Vincent Belaïche --- traduction.@*
+Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 2007-2018 Karl Berry. @*
Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @*
Tous droits réservés @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
@@ -153,7 +149,7 @@
* À propos de ce document: About this document. reporter les bogues, etc.
* Aperçu: Overview. Qu'est-ce que @LaTeX{}?.
* Classe de documents: Document classes. Certaines des différentes classes disponibles.
-* Polices: Fonts. italique, gras, machine à écrire, etc
+* Polices: Fonts. italique, gras, tapuscrit, etc
* Mise en page: Layout. Contrôle de la mise en page.
* Rubricage: Sectioning. Comment bien faire des rubriques.
* Les références croisées: Cross references. Référencement automatique.
@@ -170,6 +166,8 @@
* Les styles de page: Page styles. Différents styles de mise en page.
* Les espaces: Spaces. Espace horizontal et vertical.
* Boîtes: Boxes. Faire des boîtes.
+* Couleur:Color. Définir et utiliser des couleurs.
+* Graphiques:Graphics. Importer des graphiques de l'extérieur de @LaTeX{}.
* Insertions spéciales: Special insertions. Insertion de caractères réservés et spéciaux.
* Diviser l'entrée: Splitting the input. Traiter de gros fichiers en les partitionnant.
* Prologue et épilogue: Front/back matter. Tables des matières, glossaires, index.
@@ -1832,7 +1830,7 @@
@item \texttt (\ttfamily)
@findex \texttt
@findex \ttfamily
-Machine à écrire.
+Tapuscrit, encore appelé « machine à écrire ».
@item \textnormal (\normalfont)
@findex \textnormal
@@ -1853,7 +1851,7 @@
@item \mathtt
@findex \mathtt
-Machine à écrire, pour une utilisation en mode mathématique.
+Tapuscrit, pour une utilisation en mode mathématique.
@item \mathit
@itemx (\mit)
@@ -1937,8 +1935,9 @@
@item \tt
@cindex police machine à écrire
+ at cindex police tapuscrit
@cindex police de largeur fixe
-Machine à écrire (largeur fixe).
+Tapuscrit, encore appelé « Machine à écrire » (largeur fixe).
@end ftable
@@ -3188,8 +3187,8 @@
@example
\begin@{description@}
-\item [@var{étiquette1}] @var{article1}
-\item [@var{étiquette2}] @var{article2}
+\item [@var{étiquette du 1er article}] @var{texte du 1er article}
+\item [@var{étiquette du 2e article}] @var{texte du 2e article}
...
\end@{description@}
@end example
@@ -3197,31 +3196,62 @@
@findex \item
L'environnement @code{description} est utilisé pour fabriquer des listes
d'articles étiquetés. Chaque @var{étiquette} d'article est composée en
-gras, alignée à gauche. Bien que les étiquettes sur les articles sont
-optionnelles il n'y a pas de valeur par défaut sensée, c'est pourquoi
-tous les articles devraient avoir une étiquette.
+gras, alignée à gauche de sorte que les étiquettes longues continuent
+sur la première lgne du texte de l'article. Il doit y avoir au moins un
+article ; sans cela provoque l'erreur @LaTeX{} @samp{Something's
+wrong--perhaps a missing \item}.
+Cet exemple montre l'environnement utilisé pour une séquence de
+définitions. Les étiquettes @samp{lama} et @samp{llama} ressortent en
+gras avec leur bords gauches alignés sur la marge de gauche.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{definition@}
+ \item[lama] Un prêtre.
+ \item[lame] Une pièce coupante.
+ at end example
+
@findex \item
-La liste consiste en au moins un article ; voir @ref{\item} (l'absence
-d'article cause l'erreur @LaTeX{} @samp{Something's wrong--perhaps a
-missing \item}). Chaque article est produit avec une commande
- at code{\item}.
+Faites démarrer la liste d'articles avec la commande @code{\item}
+(@pxref{\item}). Utilisez l'étiquette optionnelle, comme dans
+ at code{\item[Point principal]}, en effet il n'y a pas de valeur par
+défaut sensée. Après le @code{\item} se trouve du texte optionnel
+pouvant contenir plusieurs paragraphes.
- at c où ça va ?=> Le texte @var{article} peut contenir plusieurs paragraphes.
-
+ at cindex gras machine à écrire, éviter
@cindex gras tapuscrit, éviter
+ at cindex étiquette machine à écrire dans les listes
@cindex étiquette tapuscrite dans les listes
-Une autre variation : puisque le style gras est appliqué aux étiquettes,
-si vous composez une étiquette en style tapuscrit avec @code{\texttt},
-vous obtiendrez du gras tapuscrit : @code{\item[\texttt@{gras et
-tapuscrit@}]}. C'est peut-être trop gras, entre autres problèmes. Pour
-obtenir juste le style tapuscrit, utilisez @code{\tt}, ce qui
-reinitialise toutes les autres variations de style : @code{\item[@{\tt
-tapuscrit de base@}]}.
+Comme les étiquettes sont en gras, si le texte de l'étiquette appelle un
+changement de police effectué dans la forme à argument (voir @ref{Font
+styles,styles des polices}) alors il ressortira en gras. Par exemple,
+si le texte de l'étiquette est en police machine à écrire comme dans
+ at code{\item[\texttt@{texte étiquette@}]} alors il apparaîtra en
+tapuscrit gras, si cela est disponible. La méthode la plus simple pour
+obtenir la police tapuscrit non grasse est d'utiliser la forme
+déclarative : @code{\item[@{\tt texte étiquette@}]}. De la même façon,
+obtenez la police romaine standarde avec @code{\item[@{\rm texte
+étiquette@}]}.
-Pour les détails concernant l'espacement des listes, voir @ref{itemize}.
+En ce qui concerne les autres principaux environnements de liste à
+étiquettes de @LaTeX{}, voir @ref{itemize} et @ref{enumerate}.
+Contrairement à ces environnements, imbriquer les environnement
+ at code{description} ne change pas l'étiquette par défaut ; elle est en
+gras et alignée à gauche à tous les niveaux.
+Pour plus d'information sur les paramètres de disposition de liste, y
+compris les valeurs par défaut, et sur la personnalisation de la
+disposition de liste, voir @ref{list}. Le paquetage @file{enumitem} est
+utile pour personnaliser les listes.
+Cet exemple met les étiquettes de description en petites capitales.
+
+ at example
+\renewcommand@{\descriptionlabel@}[1]@{%
+ @{\hspace@{\labelsep@}\textsc@{#1@}@}@}
+ at end example
+
+
@node displaymath
@section @code{displaymath}
@c http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/40492/what-are-the-differences-between-align-equation-and-displaymath
@@ -5496,8 +5526,8 @@
fait de @LaTeX{} une machine à écrire, c.-à-d.@: que le retour chariot
et les blancs y ont un tel effet.
-L'environnement @code{verbatim} utilise une police de type machine à
-écrire à chasse fixe (@code{\tt}).
+L'environnement @code{verbatim} utilise une police de type tapuscrit
+(encore appelé « machine à écrire ») à chasse fixe (@code{\tt}).
@menu
* \verb:: La forme macro de l'environnement @code{verbatim}.
@@ -9674,7 +9704,1245 @@
@code{\usebox} produit la boîte la plus récemment sauvegardée dans le
bac @var{\boxcmd} par une commande @code{\savebox} (@pxref{\savebox}).
+ at node Color
+ at chapter Couleur
+ at cindex couleur
+
+You can add color to text, rules, etc. You can also have color in a box
+or on an entire page and write text on top of it.
+
+Color support comes as an additional package. So all the commands below
+will only work if your document preamble contains
+ at code{\usepackage@{color@}}, that brings in the standard package.
+
+Many other packages also supplement @LaTeX{}'s color abilities.
+Particularly worth mentioning is @file{xcolor}, which is widely used and
+significantly extends the capabilities described here, including adding
+ at samp{HTML} and @samp{Hsb} color models.
+
+ at menu
+* Color package options:: Options when you load the standard package.
+* Color models:: How colors are represented.
+* Commands for color:: The available commands.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node Color package options
+ at section Options du paquetage @code{color}
+
+ at cindex color package options
+ at cindex options, color package
+
+Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
+
+ at example
+\usepackage[@var{comma-separated option list}]@{color@}
+ at end example
+
+When you load the @file{color} package there are two kinds of available
+options.
+
+The first specifies the @dfn{printer driver}. @LaTeX{} doesn't contain
+information about different output systems but instead depends on
+information stored in a file. Normally you should not specify the
+driver option in the document, and instead rely on your system's
+default. One advantage of this is that it makes the document portable
+across systems. For completeness we include a list of the drivers. The
+currently relevant ones are: @file{dvipdfmx}, @file{dvips},
+ at file{dvisvgm}, @file{luatex}, @file{pdftex}, @file{xetex}. The two
+ at file{xdvi} and @file{oztex} are essentially aliases for @file{dvips}
+(and @file{xdvi} is monochrome). Ones that should not be used for new
+systems are: @file{dvipdf}, @file{dvipdfm}, @file{dviwin},
+ at file{dvipsone}, @file{emtex}, @file{pctexps}, @file{pctexwin},
+ at file{pctexhp}, @file{pctex32}, @file{truetex}, @file{tcidvi},
+ at file{vtex} (and @file{dviwindo} is an alias for @file{dvipsone}).
+
+The second kind of options, beyond the drivers, are below.
+
+ at table @code
+
+ at item monochrome
+Disable the color commands, so that they do not generate errors but do
+not generate color either.
+
+ at item dvipsnames
+Make available a list of 68 color names that are often used,
+particularly in legacy documents. These color names were originally
+provided by the @file{dvips} driver, giving the option name.
+
+ at item nodvipsnames
+Do not load that list of color names, saving @LaTeX{} a tiny amount of
+memory space.
+
+ at end table
+
+
+ at node Color models
+ at section Modèles de couleur
+
+ at cindex modèles de couleur
+
+A @dfn{color model} is a way of representing colors. @LaTeX{}'s
+capabilities depend on the printer driver. However, the @file{pdftex},
+ at file{xetex}, and @file{luatex} printer drivers are today by far the
+most commonly used. The models below work for those drivers. All but
+one of these is also supported by essentially all other printer drivers
+used today.
+
+Note that color combination can be additive or subtractive. Additive
+mixes colors of light, so that for instance combining full intensities
+of red, green, and blue produces white. Subtractive mixes pigments,
+such as with inks, so that combining full intensity of cyan, magenta,
+and yellow makes black.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item cmyk
+A comma-separated list with four real numbers between 0 and 1,
+inclusive. The first number is the intensity of cyan, the second is
+magenta, and the others are yellow and black. A number value of 0 means
+minimal intensity, while a 1 is for full intensity. This model is often
+used in color printing. It is a subtractive model.
+
+ at item gray
+A single real number between 0 and 1, inclusive. The colors are shades
+of grey. The number 0 produces black while 1 gives white.
+
+ at item rgb
+A comma-separated list with three real numbers between 0 and 1,
+inclusive. The first number is the intensity of the red component, the
+second is green, and the third the blue. A number value of 0 means that
+none of that component is added in, while a 1 means full intensity.
+This is an additive model.
+
+ at item RGB
+(@file{pdftex}, @file{xetex}, @file{luatex} drivers) A comma-separated
+list with three integers between 0 and 255, inclusive. This model is a
+convenience for using @code{rgb} since outside of @LaTeX{} colors are
+often described in a red-green-blue model using numbers in this range.
+The values entered here are converted to the @code{rgb} model by
+dividing by 255.
+
+ at item named
+Colors are accessed by name, such as @samp{PrussianBlue}. The list of
+names depends on the driver, but all support the names @samp{black},
+ at samp{blue}, @samp{cyan}, @samp{green}, @samp{magenta}, @samp{red},
+ at samp{white}, and @samp{yellow} (See the @code{dvipsnames} option in
+ at ref{Color package options}).
+
+ at end table
+
+
+ at node Commands for color
+ at section Commandes pour @code{color}
+
+ at cindex color, commandes du paquetage
+
+These are the commands available with the @file{color} package.
+
+ at menu
+* Define colors:: Give a color a name.
+* Colored text:: Text or rules in color.
+* Colored boxes:: A box of color, to write over.
+* Colored pages:: A whole page colored.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node Define colors
+ at subsection Definir des couleurs
+
+ at cindex color
+ at cindex define color
+ at cindex color, define
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\definecolor@{@var{name}@}@{@var{model}@}@{@var{specification}@}
+ at end example
+
+Give the name @var{name} to the color. For example, after
+ at code{\definecolor@{silver@}@{rgb@}@{0.75,0.75,0.74@}} you can use that
+color name with @code{Hi ho, \textcolor@{silver@}@{Silver@}!}.
+
+This example gives the color a more abstract name, so it could change and
+not be misleading.
+
+ at example
+\definecolor@{logocolor@}@{RGB@}@{145,92,131@} % RGB needs pdflatex
+\newcommand@{\logo@}@{\textcolor@{logocolor@}@{Bob's Big Bagels@}@}
+ at end example
+
+Often a document's colors are defined in the preamble, or in the class
+or style, rather than in the document body.
+
+
+ at node Colored text
+ at subsection Mettre du texte en couleur
+
+ at cindex color
+ at cindex colored text
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\textcolor@{@var{name}@}@{...@}
+\textcolor[@var{color model}]@{@var{color specification}@}@{...@}
+ at end example
+
+or
+
+ at example
+\color@{@var{name}@}
+\color[@var{color model}]@{@var{specification}@}
+ at end example
+
+The affected text gets the color. This line
+
+ at example
+\textcolor@{magenta@}@{My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:@} Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!
+ at end example
+
+causes the first half to be in magenta while the rest is in black. You
+can use a color declared with @code{\definecolor} in exactly the same
+way that we just used the builtin color @samp{magenta}.
+
+ at example
+\definecolor@{MidlifeCrisisRed@}@{rgb@}@{1.0,0.11,0.0@}
+I'm thinking about getting a \textcolor@{MidlifeCrisisRed@}@{sports car@}.
+ at end example
+
+The two @code{\textcolor} and @code{\color} differ in that the first is
+a command form, enclosing the text to be colored as an argument. Often
+this form is more convenient, or at least more explicit. The second
+form is a declaration, as in @code{The moon is made of @{\color@{green@}
+green@} cheese}, so it is in effect until the end of the current group
+or environment. This is sometimes useful when writing macros or as
+below where it colors everything inside the @code{center} environment,
+including the vertical and horizontal lines.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{center@} \color@{blue@}
+ \begin@{tabular@}@{l|r@}
+ UL &UR \\ \hline
+ LL &LR
+ \end@{tabular@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+You can use color in equations. A document might have
+ at code{\definecolor@{highlightcolor@}@{RGB@}@{225,15,0@}} in the
+preamble, and then contain this equation.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \int_a^b \textcolor@{highlightcolor@}@{f'(x)@}\,dx=f(b)-f(a)
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+Typically the colors used in a document are declared in a class or style
+but sometimes you want a one-off. Those are the second forms in the
+synopses.
+
+ at example
+Colors of \textcolor[rgb]@{0.33,0.14,0.47@}@{Purple@} and @{\color[rgb]@{0.72,0.60,0.37@} Gold@} for the team
+ at end example
+
+The format of @var{color specification } depends on the color model
+(@pxref{Color models}). For instance, while @code{rgb} takes three
+numbers, @code{gray} takes only one.
+
+ at example
+The selection was \textcolor[gray]@{0.5@}@{grayed out@}.
+ at end example
+
+Colors inside colors do not combine. Thus
+
+ at example
+\textcolor@{green@}@{kind of \textcolor@{blue@}@{blue@}@}
+ at end example
+
+has a final word that is blue, not a combination of blue and green.
+
+ at c xx address coloring a line of a table?
+
+
+ at node Colored boxes
+ at subsection Faire des boîtes en couleur
+
+ at cindex color
+ at cindex colored boxes
+ at cindex box, colored
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\colorbox@{@var{name}@}@{...@}
+\colorbox[@var{model name}]@{@var{box background color specification}@}@{...@}
+ at end example
+
+or
+
+ at example
+\fcolorbox@{@var{frame color}@}@{@var{box background color}@}@{...@}
+\fcolorbox[@var{model name}]@{@var{frame color specification}@}@{@var{box background color specification}@}@{...@}
+ at end example
+
+Make a box with the stated background color. The @code{\fcolorbox}
+command puts a frame around the box. For instance this
+
+ at example
+Name:~\colorbox@{cyan@}@{\makebox[5cm][l]@{\strut@}@}
+ at end example
+
+makes a cyan-colored box that is five centimeters long and gets its
+depth and height from the @code{\strut} (so the depth is
+ at code{-.3\baselineskip} and the height is @code{\baselineskip}). This
+puts white text on a blue background.
+
+ at example
+\colorbox@{blue@}@{\textcolor@{white@}@{Welcome to the machine.@}@}
+ at end example
+
+The @code{\fcolorbox} commands use the same parameters as @code{\fbox}
+(@pxref{\fbox and \framebox}), @code{\fboxrule} and @code{\fboxsep}, to
+set the thickness of the rule and the boundary between the box interior
+and the surrounding rule. @LaTeX{}'s defaults are @code{0.4pt} and
+ at code{3pt}, respectively.
+
+This example changes the thickness of the border to 0.8 points. Note
+that it is surrounded by curly braces so that the change ends at the end
+of the second line.
+
+ at example
+@{\setlength@{\fboxrule@}@{0.8pt@}
+\fcolorbox@{black@}@{red@}@{Under no circumstances turn this knob.@}@}
+ at end example
+
+
+ at node Colored pages
+ at subsection Faire des pages en couleur
+
+ at cindex color
+ at cindex colored page
+ at cindex page, colored
+ at cindex background, colored
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\pagecolor@{@var{name}@}
+\pagecolor[@var{color model}]@{@var{color specification}@}
+\nopagecolor
+ at end example
+
+The first two set the background of the page, and all subsequent pages,
+to the color. For an explanation of the specification in the second
+form @pxref{Colored text}. The third returns the background to normal,
+which is a transparent background. (If that is not supported use
+ at code{\pagecolor@{white@}}, although that will make a white background
+rather than the default transparent background.)
+
+ at example
+ ...
+\pagecolor@{cyan@}
+ ...
+\nopagecolor
+ at end example
+
+
+ at node Graphics
+ at chapter Graphiques
+
+ at cindex graphics
+ at cindex graphics package
+
+You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your @LaTeX{} document.
+You need an additional package, which comes standard with @LaTeX{}.
+This example is the short how-to.
+
+ at example
+\include@{graphicx@} % goes in the preamble
+ ...
+\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]@{plot.pdf@}
+ at end example
+
+To use the commands described here your document preamble must contain
+either @code{\usepackage@{graphicx@}} or
+ at code{\usepackage@{graphics@}}. (Most of the time, @file{graphicx} is
+the better choice.)
+
+Broadly speaking, graphics come in two types, raster and vector.
+ at LaTeX{} can use both. In raster graphics the file contains an entry
+for each location in an array, describing what color it is. An example
+is a photograph, in JPG format. In vector graphics, the file contains a
+list of instructions such as @samp{draw a circle with this radius and
+that center}. An example is a line drawing produced by the Asymptote
+program, in PDF format. Generally vector graphics are more useful
+because you can rescale their size without pixelation or other
+problems, and because they often have a smaller size.
+
+There are systems particularly well-suited to make graphics for a
+ at LaTeX{} document. For example, these allow you to use the same fonts
+as in your document. @LaTeX{} comes with a @code{picture} environment
+(@pxref{picture}) that has simple capabilities. Besides that, there are
+other ways to include the graphic-making commands in the document. Two
+such systems are the PSTricks and TikZ packages. There are also systems
+external to @LaTeX{}, that generate a graphic that you include using the
+commands of this chapter. Two that use a programming language are
+Asymptote and MetaPost. One that uses a graphical interface is Xfig.
+Full description of these systems is outside the scope of this document;
+see their documentation.
+
+ at menu
+* Graphics package options:: Options when you load the package.
+* Graphics package configuration:: Where to look for files, which file types.
+* Commands for graphics:: The available commands.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node Graphics package options
+ at section Options du paquetage @code{graphics}
+
+ at cindex graphics package options
+ at cindex options, graphics package
+
+Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
+
+ at example
+\usepackage[@var{comma-separated option list}]@{graphics@}
+ at end example
+
+or
+
+ at example
+\usepackage[@var{comma-separated option list}]@{graphicx@}
+ at end example
+
+The two packages @file{graphics} and @code{graphicx} offering the same
+capabilities, but the second has a format for optional arguments to
+commands that is typically more convenient (it is the key-value format).
+When you load the @file{graphics} or @file{graphicx} package there are
+two kinds of available options.
+
+The first is that @LaTeX{} does not contain information about different
+output systems but instead depends on information stored in a
+ at dfn{printer driver} file. Normally you should not specify the driver
+option in the document, and instead rely on your system's default. One
+advantage of this is that it makes the document portable across systems.
+
+For completeness here is a list of the drivers. The currently relevant
+ones are: @file{dvipdfmx}, @file{dvips}, @file{dvisvgm}, @file{luatex},
+ at file{pdftex}, @file{xetex}. The two @file{xdvi} and @file{oztex} are
+essentially aliases for @file{dvips} (and @file{xdvi} is monochrome).
+Ones that should not be used for new systems are: @file{dvipdf},
+ at file{dvipdfm}, @file{dviwin}, @file{dvipsone}, @file{emtex},
+ at file{pctexps}, @file{pctexwin}, @file{pctexhp}, @file{pctex32},
+ at file{truetex}, @file{tcidvi}, @file{vtex} (and @file{dviwindo} is an
+alias for @file{dvipsone}). These are stored in files with a
+ at file{.def} extension, such as @file{pdftex.def}.
+
+The second kind of options are below.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item demo
+Instead of an image file, @LaTeX{} puts in a 150 at tie{}pt by 100 at tie{}pt
+rectangle (unless another size is specified in the
+ at code{\includegraphics} command).
+
+ at item draft
+For each graphic file, it is not shown but instead the file name is
+printed in a box of the correct size. In order to determine the size,
+the file must be present.
+
+ at item final
+(Default) Override any previous @code{draft} option, so that the
+document shows the contents of the graphic files.
+
+ at item hiderotate
+Do not show rotated text. (This allows for the possibility that a
+previewer does not have the capability to rotate text.)
+ at c what does it show?
+
+ at item hidescale
+Do not show scaled text. (This allows for the possibility that a
+previewer does not have the capability to scale.)
+ at c what does it show?
+
+ at item hiresbb
+In a PS or EPS file the graphic size may be specified in two ways. The
+standard @code{%%BoundingBox} lines describe the graphic size using
+integer multiples of a PostScript point, that is, integer multiples of
+1/72 inch. A later addition to the PostScript language allows decimal
+multiples, in @code{%%HiResBoundingBox} lines. This option has @LaTeX{}
+to read the size from the latter.
+
+ at end table
+
+
+ at node Graphics package configuration
+ at section Configuration du paquetage @code{graphics}
+
+ at cindex graphics
+ at cindex graphics package
+ at cindex configuration, graphics package
+ at cindex EPS files
+ at cindex JPEG files
+ at cindex JPG files
+ at cindex PDF graphic files
+ at cindex PNG files
+
+These commands configure the way @LaTeX{} searches the file system for
+the graphic.
+
+The behavior of file system search code is necessarily platform
+dependent. In this document we cover Linux, Macintosh, and Windows, as
+those systems are typically configured. For other situations consult
+the documentation in @file{grfguide.pdf}, or the @LaTeX{} source, or your
+ at TeX{} distribution's documentation.
+
+ at menu
+* \graphicspath:: Directories to search.
+* \DeclareGraphicsExtensions:: File types, such as JPG or EPS.
+* \DeclareGraphicsRule:: How to handle file types.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node \graphicspath
+ at subsection @code{\graphicspath}
+
+ at findex \graphicspath
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\graphicspath@{@var{list of dir names inside curly brackets}@}
+ at end example
+
+Declare a list of directories to search for graphics files. This allows
+you to later say something like @code{\includegraphics@{lion.png@}}
+instead of having to give its path.
+
+ at LaTeX{} always looks for graphic files first in the current directory.
+The declaration below tells the system to then look in the subdirectory
+ at file{pix}, and then @file{../pix}.
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{graphicx@} % or graphics; put in preamble
+ ...
+\graphicspath@{ @{pix/@} @{../pix/@} @}
+ at end example
+
+The @code{\graphicspath} declaration is optional. If you don't include
+it then @LaTeX{}'s default is to search all of the places that it
+usually looks for a file (it uses @LaTeX{}'s @code{\input@@path}). In
+particular, in this case one of the places it looks is the current
+directory.
+
+You must enclose each directory name in curly braces; for example, above
+it says @samp{@code{@{pix@}}}. This is true even if there is only one
+directory. Each directory name must end in a forward slash, @file{/}.
+This is true even on Windows, where good practice is to use forward
+slashes for all the directory separators since it makes the document
+portable to other platforms. If you have spaces in your directory name
+then use double quotes, as with @code{@{"my docs/"@}}. If you get one of
+these wrong then @LaTeX{} will report @code{Error: File `@var{filename}'
+not found}.
+
+Basically, the algorithm is that for this example,
+
+ at example
+\graphicspath@{ @{pix/@} @{../pix/@} @}
+...
+\usepackage@{lion.png@}
+ at end example
+
+for each of the directories, @LaTeX{} concatenates it with the file name
+and searches for the result, checking for @file{pix/lion.png} and if
+that fails then it tries @file{../pix/lion.png}. This algorithm means
+that the @code{\graphicspath} command does not recursively search
+subdirectories: if you issue @code{\graphicspath@{@{a/@}@}} and the
+graphic is in @file{a/b/lion.png} then @LaTeX{} will not find it. It
+also means that you can use absolute paths such as
+ at code{\graphicspath@{@{/home/jim/logos/@}@}} or
+ at code{\graphicspath@{@{C:/Users/Albert/Pictures/@}@}}. However, using
+these means that the document is not portable. (You could preserve
+portability by adjusting your @TeX{} system settings configuration file
+parameter @code{TEXINPUTS}; see the documentation of your system.)
+
+You can use @code{\graphicspath} in the preamble or in the document
+body. You can use it more than once, each time changing the path list.
+For debugging, show its value with
+ at code{\makeatletter\typeout@{\Ginput@@path@}\makeatother}.
+
+The directories are taken with respect to the base file. That is,
+suppose that you are working on a document based on @file{book/book.tex}
+and it contains @code{\include@{chapters/chap1@}}. If in
+ at file{chap1.tex} you put @code{\graphicspath@{@{plots/@}@}} then
+ at LaTeX{} will not search for graphics in @file{book/chapters/plots}, but
+instead in @file{book/plots}.
+
+
+ at node \DeclareGraphicsExtensions
+ at subsection @code{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions}
+
+ at findex \DeclareGraphicsExtensions
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\DeclareGraphicsExtensions@{@var{comma-separated list of file extensions}@}
+ at end example
+
+Declare the filename extensions to try. This allows you to specify the
+order in which to choose graphic formats when you include graphic files
+by giving the filename without the extension, as in
+ at code{\includegraphics@{functionplot@}}.
+
+In this example, @LaTeX{} will find files in the PNG format before PDF
+files.
+
+ at example
+\DeclareGraphicsExtensions@{.png,PNG,.pdf,.PDF@}
+ ...
+\includegraphics@{lion@} % will find @file{lion.png} before @file{lion.pdf}
+ at end example
+
+Because the file name @file{lion} does not have a period, for each
+directory in the graphics path (@pxref{\graphicspath}), @LaTeX{} will
+try the extensions in the order given. If it does not find such a file
+then it reports @samp{! LaTeX Error: File `@file{lion}' not found}.
+Note that you must include the periods at the start of the extensions.
+
+Because Linux and Macintosh filenames are case sensitive, the list of
+file extensions is case sensitive on those platforms. The Windows
+platform is not case sensitive.
+
+Your document does not need to have a @code{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions}
+declaration; the printer driver has a sensible default. For example,
+the most recent @file{pdftex.def} has the extension list
+ at samp{@code{.png,.pdf,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PNG,.PDF,.JPG,.JPEG,.JBIG2,.JB2}}.
+
+You can use this command in the preamble or in the document body. You
+can use it more than once. For debugging, show its value with
+ at code{\makeatletter\typeout@{\Gin@@extensions@}\makeatother}.
+
+
+ at node \DeclareGraphicsRule
+ at subsection @code{\DeclareGraphicsRule}
+
+ at findex \DeclareGraphicsRule
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\DeclareGraphicsRule@{@var{extension}@}@{@var{type}@}@{@var{size-file extension}@}@{@var{command}@}
+ at end example
+
+Declare how to handle graphic files whose names end in the extension
+ at var{ext}.
+
+This example declares that all files with names have the form
+ at file{filename-without-dot.mps} will be treated as output from MetaPost,
+meaning that the printer driver will use its MetaPost-handling code to
+input the file.
+
+ at example
+\DeclareGraphicsRule@{.mps@}@{mps@}@{.mps@}@{@}
+ at end example
+
+This
+
+ at example
+\DeclareGraphicsRule@{*@}@{mps@}@{*@}@{@}
+ at end example
+
+tells @LaTeX{} that it should handle as MetaPost output any file with an
+extension not covered by another rule, so it covers @file{filename.1},
+ at file{filename.2}, etc.
+
+This describes the four arguments.
+
+ at table @var
+ at item ext
+The file extension to which this rule applies. The extension is anything
+after and including the first dot in the filename. Use the Kleene star,
+ at code{*}, to denote the default behaviour for all undeclared extensions.
+
+ at item type
+The type of file involved. This type is a string that must be defined
+in the printer driver. For instance, files with extensions @file{.ps},
+ at file{.eps}, or @file{.ps.gz} may all be classed as type @code{eps}.
+All files of the same type will be input with the same internal command
+by the printer driver. For example, the file types that @file{pdftex}
+recognizes are: @code{jpg}, @code{jbig2}, @code{mps}, @code{pdf},
+ at code{png}, @code{tif}.
+
+ at item size-file extension
+The extension of the file to be read to determine the size of the
+graphic, if there is such a file. It may be the same as @var{extension}
+but it may be different.
+
+As an example, consider a PostScript graphic. To make it smaller, it
+might be compressed into a @file{.ps.gz} file. Compressed files are not
+easily read by @LaTeX{} so you can put the bounding box information in a
+separate file. If @var{size-file extension} is empty then you must
+specify size information in the arguments of @code{\includegraphics}.
+
+If the driver file has a procedure for reading size files for
+ at code{type} then that will be used, otherwise it will use the procedure
+for reading @file{.eps} files. (Thus you may specify the size of bitmap
+files in a file with a PostScript style @code{%%BoundingBox} line if no
+other format is available.)
+
+ at item command
+A command that will be applied to the
+file. This is very often left blank. This command must start with a
+single backward quote. Thus,
+ at code{\DeclareGraphicsRule@{.eps.gz@}@{eps@}@{.eps.bb@}@{`gunzip -c
+#1@}} specifies that any file with the extension @file{.eps.gz} should
+be treated as an @code{eps} file, with the the BoundingBox information
+stored in the file with extension @file{.eps.bb}, and that the command
+ at code{gunzip -c} will run on your platform to decompresses the file.
+
+Such a command is specific to your platform. In addition, your @TeX{}
+system must allow you to run external commands; as a security measure
+modern systems restrict running commands unless you explicitly allow it.
+See the documentation for your @TeX{} distribution.
+
+ at c xx Discuss restricted execution
+
+ at end table
+
+ at node Commands for graphics
+ at section Commandes du paquetage @code{graphics}
+
+ at cindex graphics package commands
+ at cindex commands, graphics package
+
+These are the commands available with the @file{graphics} and
+ at file{graphicx} packages.
+
+ at menu
+* \includegraphics:: Using a graphic in your document.
+* \rotatebox:: Rotating boxes, including graphics.
+* \scalebox:: Scaling boxes, including graphics.
+* \resizebox:: Scaling boxes, including graphics, to a set size.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node \includegraphics
+ at subsection @code{\includegraphics}
+
+ at cindex graphics
+ at cindex graphics package
+ at cindex including graphics
+ at cindex importing graphics
+ at cindex EPS files
+ at cindex JPEG files
+ at cindex JPG files
+ at cindex PDF graphic files
+ at cindex PNG files
+ at findex \includegraphics
+
+Synopses for @file{graphics} package:
+
+ at example
+\includegraphics@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics[@var{urx}, at var{ury}]@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics[@var{llx}, at var{lly}][@var{urx}, at var{ury}]@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics*@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics*[@var{urx}, at var{ury}]@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics*[@var{llx}, at var{lly}][@var{urx}, at var{ury}]@{@var{filename}@}
+ at end example
+
+Synopses for @file{graphicx} package:
+
+ at example
+\includegraphics@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics[@var{key-value list}]@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics*@{@var{filename}@}
+\includegraphics*[@var{key-value list}]@{@var{filename}@}
+ at end example
+
+Include a graphics file. The starred form @code{\includegraphics*} will
+clip the graphic to the size specified, while for the unstarred form any
+part of the graphic that is outside the box of the specified size will
+over-print the surrounding area.
+
+This
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{graphicx@} % in preamble
+ ...
+\begin@{center@}
+ \includegraphics@{plot.pdf@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+will incorporate into the document the graphic in @file{plot.pdf},
+centered and at its nominal size. You can also give a path to the file,
+as with @code{\includegraphics@{graphics/plot.pdf@}}. To specify a list
+of locations to search for the file, @pxref{\graphicspath}.
+
+If your filename includes spaces then put it in double quotes, as with
+ at code{\includegraphics@{"sister picture.jpg"@}}.
+
+The @code{\includegraphics@{@var{filename}@}} command decides on the
+type of graphic by splitting @var{filename} on the first dot. You can
+use @var{filename} with no dot, as in @code{\includegraphics@{turing@}}
+and then @LaTeX{} tries a sequence of extensions such as @code{.png} and
+ at code{.pdf} until it finds a file with that extension
+(@pxref{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions}).
+
+If your file name contains dots before the extension then you can hide
+them with curly braces, as in
+ at code{\includegraphics@{@{plot.2018.03.12.a@}.pdf@}}. Or, if you use
+the @file{graphicx} package then you can use the options @code{type} and
+ at code{ext}; see below. This and other filename issues are also handled
+with the package @file{grffile}.
+
+This example puts a graphic in a figure environment so @LaTeX{} can
+move it to the next page if fitting it on the current page is awkward
+(@pxref{figure}).
+
+ at example
+\begin@{figure@}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=3cm]@{lungxray.jpg@}
+ \caption@{The evidence is overwhelming: don't smoke.@} \label@{fig:xray@}
+\end@{figure@}
+ at end example
+
+This places a graphic that will not float, so it is sure to appear at
+this point in the document even if makes @LaTeX{} stretch the text or
+resort to blank areas on the page. It will be centered and will have a
+caption.
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{caption@} % in preamble
+ ...
+\begin@{center@}
+ \includegraphics@{pix/nix.png@}
+ \captionof@{figure@}@{The spirit of the night@} \label@{pix:nix@} % if you want a caption
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+This example puts a box with a graphic side by side with one having
+text, with the two vertically centered.
+
+ at example
+\newcommand*@{\vcenteredhbox@}[1]@{\begingroup
+ \setbox0=\hbox@{#1@}\parbox@{\wd0@}@{\box0@}\endgroup@}
+ ...
+\begin@{center@}
+\vcenteredhbox@{
+ \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]@{plot@}@}
+\hspace@{1em@}
+\vcenteredhbox@{\begin@{minipage@}@{0.4\textwidth@}
+ \begin@{displaymath@}
+ f(x)=(1/x)\cdot \sin (1/x)
+ \end@{displaymath@}
+ \end@{minipage@}@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+If you use the @file{graphics} package then the only options involve the
+size of the graphic (but see @ref{\rotatebox} and @ref{\scalebox}).
+When one optional argument is present then it is
+ at code{[@var{urx}, at var{ury}]} and it gives the coordinates of the top
+right corner of the image, as a pair of @TeX{} dimensions (@pxref{Units
+of length}). If the units are omitted they default to @code{bp}. In
+this case, the lower left corner of the image is assumed to be at (0,0).
+If two optional arguments are present then the leading one is
+ at code{[@var{llx}, at var{lly}]}, specifying the coordinates of the image's
+lower left. Thus, @code{\includegraphics[1in,0.618in]@{...@}} calls for
+the graphic to be placed so it is 1 at tie{}inch wide and 0.618 at tie{}inches
+tall and so its origin is at (0,0).
+
+The @file{graphicx} package gives you many more options. Specify them
+in a key-value form, as here. The options are read left-to-right. So
+the first graphic below is made one inch wide and then rotated, while
+the second is rotated and then made one inch wide. Thus, unless the
+graphic is perfectly square, the two will be different sizes.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{center@}
+ \includegraphics[width=1in,angle=90]@{lion@}
+ \hspace@{2em@}
+ \includegraphics[angle=90,width=1in]@{lion@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+There are many options. The primary ones are listed first.
+
+Note that a graphic is placed by @LaTeX{} into a box, which is
+traditionally referred to as its bounding box (distinct from the
+PostScript BoundingBox described below). The graphic's printed area may
+go beyond this box, or sit inside this box, but when @LaTeX{} makes up a
+page it puts together boxes and this is the box allocated for the
+graphic.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item width
+The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this width. An example
+is @code{\includegraphics[width=1in]@{plot@}}. You can use the standard
+ at TeX{} dimensions (@pxref{Units of length}) and also convenient is
+ at code{\linewidth}, or in a two-column document, @code{\columnwidth}
+(@pxref{Page layout parameters}). An example is that by using the
+ at file{calc} package you can make the graphic be 1 at tie{}cm narrow than
+the width of the text with
+ at code{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth-1.0cm]@{hefferon.jpg@}}.
+
+ at item height
+The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this height. You can
+use the standard @TeX{} dimensions (@pxref{Units of length}), and also
+convenient are @code{\pageheight} and @code{\textheight} (@pxref{Page
+layout parameters}). For instance,
+ at code{\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]@{godel@}} will make the
+graphic be a quarter of the height of the text area.
+
+ at item totalheight
+The graphic will be shown so its bounding box has this height plus
+depth. This differs from the height if the graphic was rotated. For
+instance, if it has been rotated by -90 then it will have zero height
+but a large depth.
+
+ at item keepaspectratio
+If set to @code{true}, or just specified as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,keepaspectratio,...]@{...@}}, then if you
+give as options both @code{width} and @code{height} (or
+ at code{totalheight}) then @LaTeX{} will make the graphic is as large as
+possible without distortion. That is, @LaTeX{} will ensure that neither
+is the graphic wider than @code{width} nor taller than @code{height} (or
+ at code{totalheight}).
+
+ at item scale
+Factor by which to scale the graphic. Specifying
+ at code{\includegraphics[scale=2.0]@{...@}} makes the graphic twice its
+nominal size. This number may be any value; a number between 1
+and at tie{}0 will shrink the graphic and a negative number will reflect
+it.
+
+ at item angle
+Rotate the picture. The angle is taken in degrees and counterclockwise.
+The graphic is rotated about its @code{origin}; see that option. For a
+complete description of how rotated material is typeset,
+ at pxref{\rotatebox}.
+
+ at item origin
+The point of the graphic about which the rotation happens. Possible
+values are any string containing one or two of: @code{l} for left,
+ at code{r} for right, @code{b} for bottom, @code{c} for center, @code{t}
+for top, and @code{B} for baseline. Thus,
+ at code{\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]@{moon@}} will turn the
+picture upside down from the center, while
+ at code{\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]@{LeBateau@}} will turn its
+picture upside down about its left baseline. (The character @code{c}
+gives the horizontal center in @code{bc} or @code{tc}, but gives the
+vertical center in @code{lc} or @code{rc}.) The default is @code{lB}.
+
+To rotate about an arbitrary point, @pxref{\rotatebox}.
+
+ at end table
+
+These are lesser-used options.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item viewport
+Pick out a subregion of the graphic to show. Takes four arguments,
+separated by spaces and given in @TeX{} dimensions, as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[.., viewport=0in 0in 1in 0.618in]@{...@}}. The
+dimensions default to big points. They are taken relative to the origin
+specified by the bounding box. See also the @code{trim} option.
+
+ at item trim
+Gives parts of the graphic to not show. Takes four arguments, separated
+by spaces, that are given in @TeX{} dimensions, as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[.., trim= 0in 0.1in 0.2in 0.3in, ...]@{...@}}.
+These give the amounts of the graphic not to show, that is, @LaTeX{}
+will crop the picture by 0 at tie{}inches on the left, 0.1 at tie{}inches on
+the bottom, 0.2 at tie{}inches on the right, and 0.3 at tie{}inches on the
+top. See also the @code{viewport} option.
+
+ at item clip
+If set to @code{true}, or just specified as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,clip,...]@{...@}}, then the graphic is
+cropped to the bounding box. You can get this effect by instead using
+the starred form of the command, as
+ at code{\includegraphics*[...]@{...@}}.
+
+ at item page
+Give the page number of a multi-page PDF file. The default
+ at code{page=1}.
+
+ at item pagebox
+Specifies which bounding box to use for PDF files from among
+ at code{mediabox}, @code{cropbox}, @code{bleedbox}, @code{trimbox}, or
+ at code{artbox}. PDF files do not have the BoundingBox that PostScript
+files have, but may specify up to four predefined rectangles. The
+MediaBox gives the boundaries of the physical medium. The CropBox is the
+region to which the contents of the page are to be clipped when
+displayed. The BleedBox is the region to which the contents of the page
+should be clipped in production. The TrimBox is the intended dimensions
+of the finished page. The ArtBox is the extent of the page's meaningful
+content. The driver will set the image size based on CropBox if
+present, otherwise it will not use one of the others, with a
+driver-defined order of preference. MediaBox is always present.
+
+ at item interpolate
+Enable or disable interpolation of raster images by the viewer. Can be
+set with @code{interpolate=true} or just specified as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,interpolate,...]@{...@}}.
+
+ at item quiet
+Do not write information to the log. You can set it with
+ at code{quiet=true} or just specified it with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,quite,...]@{...@}},
+
+ at item draft
+If you set it with @code{draft=true} or just specified it with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,draft,...]@{...@}}, then the graphic will not
+appear in the document, possibly saving color printer ink. Instead,
+ at LaTeX{} will put an empty box of the correct size with the filename
+printed in it.
+
+ at end table
+
+These options address the bounding box for Encapsulated PostScript
+graphic files, which have a size specified with a line
+ at code{%%BoundingBox} that appears in the file. It has four values,
+giving the lower @math{x} coordinate, lower @math{y} coordinate, upper
+ at math{x} coordinate, and upper @math{y} coordinate. The units are
+PostScript points, equivalent to @TeX{}'s big points, 1/72 at tie{}inch.
+For example, if an @file{.eps} file has the line @code{%%BoundingBox 10
+20 40 80} then its natural size is 30/72 at tie{}inch wide by
+60/72 at tie{}inch tall.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item bb
+Specify the bounding box of the displayed region. The argument is four
+dimensions separated by spaces, as with @code{\includegraphics[.., bb=
+0in 0in 1in 0.618in]@{...@}}. Usually @code{\includegraphics} reads the
+BoundingBox numbers from the EPS file automatically, so this option is
+only useful if the bounding box is missing from that file or if you want
+to change it.
+
+ at item bbllx, bblly, bburx, bbury
+Set the bounding box. (These four are obsolete, but are retained for
+compatibility with old packages.)
+
+ at item natwidth, natheight
+An alternative for @code{bb}. Setting
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,natwidth=1in,natheight=0.618in,...]@{...@}}
+is the same as setting @code{bb=0 0 1in 0.618in}.
+
+ at item hiresbb
+If set to @code{true}, or just specified as with
+ at code{\includegraphics[...,hiresbb,...]@{...@}}, then @LaTeX{} will look
+for @code{%%HiResBoundingBox} lines instead of @code{%%BoundingBox}
+lines. (The @code{BoundingBox} lines use only natural numbers while the
+ at code{HiResBoundingBox} lines use decimals; both use units equivalent to
+ at TeX{}'s big points, 1/72 at tie{}inch.) To override a prior setting of
+ at code{true}, you can set it to @code{false}.
+
+ at end table
+
+These following options allow a user to override @LaTeX{}'s method of
+choosing the graphic type based on the filename extension. An example
+is that @code{\includegraphics[type=png,ext=.xxx,read=.xxx]@{lion@}}
+will read the file @file{lion.xxx} as though it were
+ at file{lion.png}. For more on these, @pxref{\DeclareGraphicsRule}.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item type
+Specify the graphics type.
+
+ at item ext
+Specify the graphics extension.
+Only use this in conjunction with the option @code{type}.
+
+ at item read
+Specify the file extension of the read file.
+Only use this in conjunction with the option @code{type}.
+
+ at item command
+Specify a command to be applied to this file.
+Only use this in conjunction with the option @code{type}.
+ at c write18 and restricted execution.
+
+ at end table
+
+
+ at node \rotatebox
+ at subsection @code{\rotatebox}
+
+ at cindex rotation
+ at cindex rotating graphics
+ at cindex rotating text
+ at findex \rotatebox
+
+Synopsis for @file{graphics} package:
+
+ at example
+\rotatebox@{@var{angle}@}@{@var{material}@}
+ at end example
+
+Synopses for @file{graphicx} package:
+
+ at example
+\rotatebox@{@var{angle}@}@{@var{material}@}
+\rotatebox[@var{key-value list}]@{@var{angle}@}@{@var{material}@}
+ at end example
+
+Put @var{material} in a box and rotate it @var{angle} degrees counterclockwise.
+
+This example rotates the table column heads forty five degrees.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{tabular@}@{ll@}
+ \rotatebox@{45@}@{Character@} &\rotatebox@{45@}@{NATO phonetic@} \\
+ A &AL-FAH \\
+ B &BRAH-VOH
+\end@{tabular@}
+ at end example
+
+The @var{material} can be anything that goes in a box, including a graphic.
+
+ at example
+ \rotatebox[origin=c]@{45@}@{\includegraphics[width=1in]@{lion@}@}
+ at end example
+
+You can get the same effect using the @file{graphicx} package alone
+(@pxref{\includegraphics}).
+
+To place the rotated material, the first step is that @LaTeX{} sets
+ at var{material} in a box, with a reference point on the left baseline.
+The second step is the rotation, by default about the reference point.
+The third step is that @LaTeX{} computes a box to bound the rotated
+material. Fourth, @LaTeX{} moves this box horizontally so that the left
+edge of this new bounding box coincides with the left edge of the box
+from the first step (they need not coincide vertically). This new
+bounding box, in its new position, is what @LaTeX{} uses as the box when
+typesetting this material.
+
+If you use the @file{graphics} package then the rotation is about the
+reference point of the box. If you use @file{graphicx} then these are
+the options that can go in the @var{key-value list}.
+
+ at table @code
+ at item origin
+The point of the @var{material}'s box about which the rotation happens.
+Possible values are any string containing one or two of: @code{l} for
+left, @code{r} for right, @code{b} for bottom, @code{c} for center,
+ at code{t} for top, and @code{B} for baseline. Thus,
+ at code{\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]@{moon@}} will turn the
+picture upside down from the center, while
+ at code{\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]@{LeBateau@}} will turn its
+picture upside down about its left baseline. (The character @code{c}
+gives the horizontal center in @code{bc} or @code{tc} but gives the
+vertical center in @code{lc} or @code{rc}.) The default is @code{lB}.
+
+ at item x, y
+Specify an arbitrary point of rotation with
+ at code{\rotatebox[x=@var{@TeX{} dimension},y=@var{@TeX{}
+dimension}]@{...@}} (@pxref{Units of length}). These give the offset
+from the box's reference point.
+
+ at item units
+This key allows you to change the default of degrees counterclockwise.
+Setting @code{units=-360} changes the direction to degrees clockwise and
+setting @code{units=6.283185} changes to radians counterclockwise.
+
+ at end table
+
+
+ at node \scalebox
+ at subsection @code{\scalebox}
+
+ at cindex graphics, scaling
+ at cindex graphics, resizing
+ at cindex scaling
+ at cindex resizing
+ at cindex text, scaling
+ at cindex text, resizing
+ at findex \scalebox
+ at findex \reflectbox
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\scalebox@{@var{horizontal factor}@}@{@var{material}@}
+\scalebox@{@var{horizontal factor}@}[@var{vertical factor}]@{@var{material}@}
+\reflectbox@{@var{material}@}
+ at end example
+
+Scale the @var{material}.
+
+This example halves the size, both horizontally and vertically, of the
+first text and doubles the size of the second.
+
+ at example
+\scalebox@{0.5@}@{DRINK ME@} and \scalebox@{2.0@}@{Eat Me@}
+ at end example
+
+If you do not specify the optional @var{vertical factor} then it
+defaults to the same value as the @var{horizontal factor}.
+
+You can use this command to resize a graphic, as with
+ at code{\scalebox@{0.5@}@{\includegraphics@{lion@}@}}. If you use the
+ at file{graphicx} package then you can accomplish the same thing with
+optional arguments to @code{\includegraphics}
+(@pxref{\includegraphics}).
+
+The @code{\reflectbox} command abbreviates
+ at code{\scalebox@{-1@}[1]@{@var{material}@}}. Thus, @code{Able was
+I\reflectbox@{Able was I@}} will show the phrase @samp{Able was I}
+immediately followed by its mirror reflection.
+
+
+ at node \resizebox
+ at subsection @code{\resizebox}
+
+ at cindex graphics, scaling
+ at cindex graphics, resizing
+ at cindex scaling
+ at cindex resizing
+ at cindex text, scaling
+ at cindex text, resizing
+ at findex \resizebox
+
+Synopses:
+
+ at example
+\resizebox@{@var{horizontal length}@}@{@var{vertical length}@}@{@var{material}@}
+\resizebox*@{@var{horizontal length}@}@{@var{vertical length}@}@{@var{material}@}
+ at end example
+
+Given a size, such as @code{3cm}, transform @var{material} to make it
+that size. If either @var{horizontal length} or @var{vertical length}
+is an exclamation point at tie{}@code{!} then the other argument is used
+to determine a scale factor for both directions.
+
+This example makes the graphic be a half inch wide and scales it
+vertically by the same factor to keep it from being distorted.
+
+ at example
+\resizebox@{0.5in@}@{!@}@{\includegraphics@{lion@}@}
+ at end example
+
+The unstarred form @code{\resizebox} takes @var{vertical length} to be
+the box's height while the starred form @code{\resizebox*} takes it to
+be height+depth. For instance, make the text have a height+depth of a
+quarter inch with @code{\resizebox*@{!@}@{0.25in@}@{\parbox@{1in@}@{This
+box has both height and depth.@}@}}.
+
+You can use @code{\depth}, @code{\height}, @code{\totalheight}, and
+ at code{\width} to refer to the original size of the box. Thus, make the
+text two inches wide but keep the original height with
+ at code{\resizebox@{2in@}@{\height@}@{Two inches@}}.
+
+
@node Special insertions
@chapter Insertions spéciales
@@ -9732,7 +11000,7 @@
@code{\^@{@}}. Une contr'oblique dans la police du corps de texte se
fait avec @code{\textbackslash@{@}}.
-Pour produire les caractères réservé dans la police d'une machine à écrire utilisez
+Pour produire les caractères réservé dans la police tapuscrite utilisez
@code{\verb!!} comme ci-dessous :
@example
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-03-29 14:57:26 UTC (rev 615)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-04-03 18:28:55 UTC (rev 616)
@@ -3276,13 +3276,13 @@
@example
\begin@{description@}
-\item[@var{label of first item}] text of first item
-\item[@var{label of second item}] text of second item
+\item[@var{label of first item}] @var{text of first item}
+\item[@var{label of second item}] @var{text of second item}
...
\end@{description@}
@end example
-Environment to make a labeled list of items. Each item's @var{label} is
+Environment to make a list of labeled items. Each item's @var{label} is
typeset in bold, and is flush left so that long labels continue into the
first line of the item text. There must be at least one item; having
none causes the @LaTeX{} error @samp{Something's wrong--perhaps a
@@ -10148,7 +10148,7 @@
@node Color package options
- at section Color package options
+ at section @code{color} package options
@cindex color package options
@cindex options, color package
@@ -10521,7 +10521,7 @@
@node Graphics package options
- at section Graphics package options
+ at section @code{graphics} package options
@cindex graphics package options
@cindex options, graphics package
@@ -10600,7 +10600,7 @@
@node Graphics package configuration
- at section Graphics package configuration
+ at section @code{graphics} package configuration
@cindex graphics
@cindex graphics package
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