[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r732 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Wed Nov 21 16:00:57 CET 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-11-21 17:00:57 +0200 (Wed, 21 Nov 2018)
New Revision: 732
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
Add Delimiters subsection, move \left & \right there, add \bigl & \bigr etc below it
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-11-19 18:55:17 UTC (rev 731)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-11-21 15:00:57 UTC (rev 732)
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+2018-11-21 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (Delimiters): Add section. Put in list of
+ common delimiters.
+ (\left & \right) Move to below Delimiters, add material on grouping.
+ (\bigl & \bigr etc) Add below Delimiters.
+
2018-11-19 Vincent Belaïche <vincent.belaiche at biosency.com>
* latex2e.texi (itemize): Add @PkgIndex{enumitem}.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-11-19 18:55:17 UTC (rev 731)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-11-21 15:00:57 UTC (rev 732)
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@
<body lang="en">
<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018)</h1>
-
@@ -380,8 +379,13 @@
<li><a name="toc-_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1" href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">16.2.2 <code>\boldmath</code> & <code>\unboldmath</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Blackboard-bold-1" href="#Blackboard-bold">16.2.3 Blackboard bold</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Calligraphic-1" href="#Calligraphic">16.2.4 Calligraphic</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical" href="#Dots">16.2.5 Dots, horizontal or vertical</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Greek-letters-1" href="#Greek-letters">16.2.6 Greek letters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Delimiters-1" href="#Delimiters">16.2.5 Delimiters</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1" href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">16.2.5.1 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e" href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc">16.2.5.2 <code>\bigl</code>, <code>\bigr</code>, etc.</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical" href="#Dots">16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Greek-letters-1" href="#Greek-letters">16.2.7 Greek letters</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li>
@@ -396,9 +400,8 @@
<li><a name="toc-Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon" href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005c_002a-1" href="#g_t_005c_002a">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cfrac-1" href="#g_t_005cfrac">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1" href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">16.7.4 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="#g_t_005csqrt">16.7.5 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="#g_t_005cstackrel">16.7.6 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="#g_t_005csqrt">16.7.4 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="#g_t_005cstackrel">16.7.5 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">17 Modes</a>
@@ -652,7 +655,7 @@
preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX
typesetting program (see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>).
</p>
-<p>This document’s home page is <a href="https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman">https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</a>. There
+<p>This document’s home page is <a href="https://latexref.xyz">https://latexref.xyz</a>. There
you can get the sources, subscribe to the mailing list or read its
archives, see other infrastructure, and get the current output in
various formats. In particular, the output comes in two web formats.
@@ -12563,7 +12566,7 @@
subscript something to attach to and keeps it from accidentally
attaching to a prior symbols.
</p>
-<p>Using the subscript or superscript command outside of math mode or
+<p>Using the subscript or superscript character outside of math mode or
display math mode, as in <code>the expression x^2</code>, will get you
the error ‘<samp>Missing $ inserted</samp>’.
</p>
@@ -12571,7 +12574,7 @@
<a name="index-mhchem-package"></a>
<p>A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
-typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that such as
+typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that, such as
<samp>mhchem</samp>; see CTAN.
</p>
@@ -12588,15 +12591,15 @@
<a name="index-symbols_002c-math"></a>
<a name="index-greek-letters"></a>
-<a name="index-package_002c-symbols"></a>
-<a name="index-symbols-package"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-comprehensive"></a>
+<a name="index-comprehensive-package"></a>
<p>LaTeX provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that
-anyone uses. For example, if you include <code>$\pi$</code> in your source,
-you will get the pi symbol π. See the <samp>Comprehensive
-LaTeX Symbol List</samp> at
-<a href="https://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/">https://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/</a>.
+anyone uses. For example, if you include <code>$\pi$</code> in your source,
+you will get the pi symbol π. See the “Comprehensive
+LaTeX Symbol List” package at
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive">https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive</a>.
</p>
<p>Here is a list of commonly-used symbols. It is by no means exhaustive.
Each symbol is described with a short phrase, and its symbol class,
@@ -13160,7 +13163,7 @@
<dt><code>\leadsto</code>
<a name="index-_005cleadsto"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><p>⇝ Squiggly right arrow (relation). Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package.
+<dd><p>⇝ Squiggly right arrow (relation).
To get this symbol outside of math mode you can put
<code>\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}</code> in the
preamble and then use <code>\Leadsto</code> instead.
@@ -13224,7 +13227,7 @@
<a name="index-_005clhd"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>◁ Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary).
-Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
+For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
<samp>amssymb</samp> and use <code>\vartriangleleft</code> (which is a relation
and so gives better spacing).
</p>
@@ -13279,7 +13282,8 @@
<dt><code>\mapsto</code>
<a name="index-_005cmapsto"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><p>↦ Single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar (relation).
+<dd><p>↦ Single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
+(relation).
Similar: longer version <code>\longmapsto</code>.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -13287,7 +13291,6 @@
<a name="index-_005cmho"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>℧ Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
-Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\mid</code>
@@ -13620,7 +13623,7 @@
<a name="index-_005crhd"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>◁ Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary).
-Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead
+For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead
load <samp>amssymb</samp> and use <code>\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
relation and so gives better spacing).
</p>
@@ -13906,7 +13909,7 @@
<a name="index-_005cunlhd"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>⊴ Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
-triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package. For the
+triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <samp>amssymb</samp> and
use <code>\vartrianglelefteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
@@ -13916,7 +13919,7 @@
<a name="index-_005cunrhd"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>⊵ Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
-triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp>amssymb</samp> package. For the
+triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
normal subgroup symbol load <samp>amssymb</samp> and
use <code>\vartrianglerighteq</code> (which is a relation and so gives
better spacing).
@@ -14059,7 +14062,7 @@
</p>
<p>For a norm symbol, you can use the <samp>mathtools</samp> package and put in
your preamble
-<code>\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}</code>. This gives you
+<code>\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}</code>. This creates
three command variants for double-line vertical bars that are correctly
horizontally spaced: if in the document body you write the starred
version <code>$\norm*{M^\perp}$</code> then the height of the vertical bars
@@ -14079,7 +14082,7 @@
</p>
<p>For absolute value you can use the <samp>mathtools</samp> package and in your
preamble put
-<code>\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}</code>. This gives you
+<code>\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}</code>. This creates
three command variants for single-line vertical bars that are correctly
horizontally spaced: if in the document body you write the starred
version <code>$\abs*{\frac{22}{7}}$</code> then the height of the
@@ -14176,10 +14179,12 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="4">Calligraphic</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Cursive characters.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Dots" accesskey="5">Dots</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Ellipses, etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="5">Delimiters</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Perentheses, braces, etc.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Greek-letters" accesskey="6">Greek letters</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">List of Greek letters.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Dots" accesskey="6">Dots</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Ellipses, etc.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Greek-letters" accesskey="7">Greek letters</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">List of Greek letters.
+</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -14360,7 +14365,7 @@
<a name="Calligraphic"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Dots" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dots</a>, Previous: <a href="#Blackboard-bold" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Blackboard bold</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Delimiters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Blackboard-bold" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Blackboard bold</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Calligraphic-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.2.4 Calligraphic</h4>
@@ -14384,18 +14389,356 @@
</pre></div>
<p>If you use something other than an uppercase letter then you do not get
-an error but you also do not math caligraphic output. For instance,
+an error but you also do not get math calligraphic output. For instance,
<code>\mathcal{g}</code> outputs a close curly brace symbol.
</p>
<hr>
+<a name="Delimiters"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Dots" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dots</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calligraphic</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Delimiters-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.2.5 Delimiters</h4>
+
+<a name="index-Delimiters"></a>
+<a name="index-parentheses"></a>
+<a name="index-braces"></a>
+<a name="index-curly-braces"></a>
+<a name="index-brackets"></a>
+
+<p>Delimiters are parentheses, braces, or other characters used to mark
+the start and end of subformulas. This formula has three sets of
+parentheses delimiting the three subformulas.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(z-z_0)^2 = (x-x_0)^2 + (y-y_0)^2
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The delimiters do not need to match, so you can enter <code>\( [0,1) \)</code>.
+</p>
+<p>These are the common delimiters.
+</p>
+<table>
+<thead><tr><th width="10%">Delimiter</th><th width="20%">Command</th><th width="40%">Name</th></tr></thead>
+<tr><td width="10%">(</td><td width="20%"><code>(</code></td><td width="40%">Left parenthesis</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">)</td><td width="20%"><code>)</code></td><td width="40%">Right parenthesis</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">}</td><td width="20%"><code>{</code> or <code>\lbrace</code></td><td width="40%">Left brace</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">{</td><td width="20%"><code>}</code> or <code>\rbrace</code></td><td width="40%">Right brace</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">[</td><td width="20%"><code>[</code> or <code>\lbrack</code></td><td width="40%">Left bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">]</td><td width="20%"><code>]</code> or <code>\rbrack</code></td><td width="40%">Right bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⌊</td><td width="20%"><code>\lfloor</code></td><td width="40%">Left floor bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⌋</td><td width="20%"><code>\rfloor</code></td><td width="40%">Right floor bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⌈</td><td width="20%"><code>\lceil</code></td><td width="40%">Left ceiling bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⌉</td><td width="20%"><code>\rceil</code></td><td width="40%">Right ceiling bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⟨</td><td width="20%"><code>\langle</code></td><td width="40%">Left angle bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">⟩</td><td width="20%"><code>\rangle</code></td><td width="40%">Right angle bracket</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">/</td><td width="20%"><code>/</code></td><td width="40%">Slash, or forward slash</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">\</td><td width="20%"><code>\backslash</code></td><td width="40%">Reverse slash, or backslash</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">|</td><td width="20%"><code>|</code> or <code>\vert</code></td><td width="40%">Vertical bar</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="10%">‖</td><td width="20%"><code>\|</code> or <code>\Vert</code></td><td width="40%">Double vertical bar</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-1"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-1"></a>
+
+<p>The <samp>mathtools</samp> package allows you to create commands for paired
+delimiters. For instance, if you put
+<code>\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}</code> in your preamble
+then you get two commands for single-line vertical bars (they only work
+in math mode). The starred version, such as
+<code>\abs*{\frac{22}{7}}</code>, has the height of the vertical bars
+match the height of the argument. The unstarred version, such as
+<code>\abs{\frac{22}{7}}</code>, has the bars fixed at a default height.
+This version accepts an optional argument, as in <code>\abs[<var>size
+command</var>]{\frac{22}{7}}</code>, where the height of the bars is given in
+<var>size command</var>, such as <code>\Bigg</code>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="1">\left & \right</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Automatically sized delimiters.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc" accesskey="2">\bigl & \bigr etc</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Manually sized delimiters.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigl & \bigr etc</a>, Up: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Delimiters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsubsection">16.2.5.1 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-delimiters_002c-paired"></a>
+<a name="index-paired-delimiters"></a>
+<a name="index-matching-parentheses"></a>
+<a name="index-matching-brackets"></a>
+<a name="index-null-delimiter"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cleft"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cright"></a>
+
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\left <var>delimiter1</var> ... \right <var>delimiter2</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. LaTeX makes
+the delimiters tall enough to just cover the size of the formula that
+they enclose.
+</p>
+<p>This makes a unit vector surrounded by parentheses tall enough to cover
+the entries.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \left(\begin{array}{c}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end{array}\right)
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See <a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a> for a list of the common delimiters.
+</p>
+<p>Every <code>\left</code> must have a matching <code>\right</code>. In the above
+example, leaving out the <code>\left(</code> gets the error message
+‘<samp>Extra \right</samp>’. Leaving out the <code>\right)</code> gets ‘<samp>You
+can't use `\eqno' in math mode</samp>’.
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-6"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-6"></a>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-2"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-2"></a>
+
+<p>However, <var>delimiter1</var> and <var>delimiter2</var> need not match. A common
+case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period,
+‘<samp>.</samp>’, as a null delimiter.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
+ 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
+ \end{array}\right.
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
+backslash, <code>\{</code>. (The packages <samp>amsmath</samp> and
+<samp>mathtools</samp> allow you to get the above construct through in a
+<code>cases</code> environment.)
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\left ... \right</code> pair make a group. One consequence is that
+the formula enclosed in the <code>\left ... \right</code> pair cannot have
+line breaks in the output. This includes both manual line breaks and
+LaTeX-generated automatic ones. In this example, LaTeX breaks the
+equation to make the formula fit the margins.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+\( (a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z) \)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>But with <code>\left</code> and <code>\right</code>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+\( \left(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z\right) \)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>LaTeX won’t break the line, causing the formula to extend into the
+margin.
+</p>
+<p>Because <code>\left ... \right</code> make a group, all the usual grouping
+rules hold. Here, the value of <code>\testlength</code> set inside the
+equation will be forgotten, and the output is ‘<samp>1.2pt</samp>’.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\newlength{\testlength} \setlength{\testlength}{1.2pt}
+\begin{equation}
+ \left( a+b=c \setlength{\testlength}{3.4pt} \right)
+ \the\testlength
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code>\left ... \right</code> pair affect the horizontal spacing of the
+enclosed formula, in two ways. The first is that in <code>\( \sin(x) =
+\sin\left(x\right) \)</code> the one after the equals sign has more space
+around the <code>x</code>. That’s because <code>\left( ... \right)</code> inserts
+an inner node while <code>( ... )</code> inserts an opening node. The second
+way that the pair affect the horizontal spacing is that because they
+form a group, the enclosed subformula will be typeset at its natural
+width, with no stretching or shrinking to make the line fit better.
+</p>
+<p>TeX scales the delimiters according to the height and depth of the
+contained formula. Here LaTeX grows the brackets to extend the full
+height of the integral.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \left[ \int_{x=r_0}^{\infty} -G\frac{Mm}{r^2}\, dr \right]
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Manual sizing is often better. For instance, although below the rule
+has no depth TeX will create delimiters that extend far below the
+rule.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \left( \rule{1pt}{1cm} \right)
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>TeX can choose delimiters that are too small, as in <code>\( \left|
+|x|+|y| \right| \)</code>. It can also choose delimiters that are too large,
+as here.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \left( \sum_{0\leq i<n} i^k \right)
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>A third awkward case is when a long displayed formula is on more than
+one line and you must match the sizes of the opening and closing
+delimiter; you can’t use <code>\left</code> on the first line and
+<code>\right</code> on the last because they must be paired.
+</p>
+<p>To size the delimiters manually, see <a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc">\bigl & \bigr etc</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\left & \right</a>, Up: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Delimiters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e"></a>
+<h4 class="subsubsection">16.2.5.2 <code>\bigl</code>, <code>\bigr</code>, etc.</h4>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\bigl<var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<var>delimiter2</var>
+\Bigl<var>delimiter1</var> ... \bigr<var>delimiter2</var>
+\biggl<var>delimiter1</var> ... \biggr<var>delimiter2</var>
+\Biggl<var>delimiter1</var> ... \Biggr<var>delimiter2</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(as with <code>\bigl[...\bigr]</code>; strictly speaking they need not be
+paired, see below), or one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\bigm<var>delimiter</var>
+\Bigm<var>delimiter</var>
+\biggm<var>delimiter</var>
+\Biggm<var>delimiter</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(as with <code>\bigm|</code>), or one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\big<var>delimiter</var>
+\Big<var>delimiter</var>
+\bigg<var>delimiter</var>
+\Bigg<var>delimiter</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(as with <code>\big[</code>).
+</p>
+<p>Produce manually-sized delimiters. For delimiters that are
+automatically sized see <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a>).
+</p>
+<p>This produces slightly larger outer vertical bars.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"> \bigl| |x|+|y| \bigr|
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The commands above are listed in order of increasing size. You can use
+the smallest size such as <code>\bigl...\bigr</code> in a paragraph without
+causing LaTeX to spread the lines apart. The larger sizes are meant
+for displayed equations.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a> for a list of the common delimiters. In the family of
+commands with ‘<samp>l</samp>’ and ‘<samp>r</samp>’, <var>delimiter1</var> and
+<var>delimiter2</var> need not be the same.
+</p>
+<p>The ‘<samp>l</samp>’ and ‘<samp>r</samp>’ commands produce open and close delimiters
+that insert no horizontal space between a preceding atom and the
+delimiter, while the commands without ‘<samp>l</samp>’ and ‘<samp>r</samp>’ insert some
+space (because each delimiter is set as an ordinary variable). Compare
+these two.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{l}
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\biggl(\frac{1}{2}\biggr) \) \\ % good
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\bigg) \) \\ % bad
+\end{tabular}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The traditional typographic treatement is on the first line. On the
+second line the output will have some extra space between the
+<code>\sin</code> and the open parenthesis.
+</p>
+<p>Commands without ‘<samp>l</samp>’ or ‘<samp>r</samp>’ do give correct spacing in
+some circumstances, as with this large vertical line
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \int_{x=a}^b x^2\,dx = \frac{1}{3} x^3 \Big|_{x=a}^b
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-7"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-7"></a>
+
+<p>(many authors would replace <code>\frac</code> with the <code>\tfrac</code> command
+from the <samp>amsmath</samp> package), and as with this larger slash
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \lim_{n\to\infty}\pi(n) \big/ (n/\log n) = 1
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Unlike the <code>\left...\right</code> pair (see <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a>), the
+commands here with ‘<samp>l</samp>’ and ‘<samp>r</samp>’ do not make a group.
+Strictly speaking they need not be matched so you can write something
+like this.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \Biggl[ \pi/6 ]
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The commands with ‘<samp>m</samp>’ are for relations, which are in the middle of
+formulas, as here.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \biggl\{ a\in B \biggm| a=\sum_{0\leq i<n}3i^2+4 \biggr\}
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+
+<hr>
<a name="Dots"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Greek-letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Greek letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calligraphic</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Greek-letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Greek letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Delimiters</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">16.2.5 Dots, horizontal or vertical</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical</h4>
<a name="index-ellipses"></a>
<a name="index-dots"></a>
@@ -14452,8 +14795,8 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-6"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-6"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-8"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-8"></a>
<p>The <samp>amsmath</samp> package has the command <code>\dots</code> to semantically
mark up ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs
@@ -14487,7 +14830,7 @@
Previous: <a href="#Dots" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dots</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Greek-letters-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">16.2.6 Greek letters</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.2.7 Greek letters</h4>
<a name="index-Greek-letters"></a>
@@ -14756,8 +15099,8 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-7"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-7"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-9"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-9"></a>
<p>The <samp>amsmath</samp> package adds improvements on some of these, and also
allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN, but
@@ -14955,8 +15298,8 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-1"></a>
-<a name="index-mathtools-package-1"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-3"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-3"></a>
<p>The package <samp>mathtools</samp> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
@@ -15139,8 +15482,8 @@
\leavevmode\smash{zzz} % usual paragraph indent
</pre></div>
-<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-2"></a>
-<a name="index-mathtools-package-2"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-4"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-4"></a>
<p>The package <code>mathtools</code> has operators that provide even finer
control over smashing a subformula box.
@@ -15202,8 +15545,8 @@
<p>These commands often are combined with <code>\smash</code>. See <a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a>
for another example of the use of <code>\vphantom</code>.
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-3"></a>
-<a name="index-mathtools-package-3"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-5"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-5"></a>
<p>The three phantom commands appear often but note that LaTeX provides
a suite of other commands to work with box sizes that may be more
@@ -15213,8 +15556,8 @@
In addition, the <samp>mathtools</samp> package has many commands that offer
fine-grained control over spacing.
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-8"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-8"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-10"></a>
<p>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special
mathematics status. So to do something like attaching a superscript you
@@ -15248,12 +15591,10 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="3">\frac</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Fraction.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="4">\left & \right</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Paired delimiters.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="4">\sqrt</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Radicals.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="5">\sqrt</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Radicals.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="5">\stackrel</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Text over a relation.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="6">\stackrel</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Text over a relation.
-</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -15284,15 +15625,15 @@
<pre class="example">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
</pre></div>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-9"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-9"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-11"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-11"></a>
<p>Ordinary LaTeX defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the colon character
with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation
<code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>.
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-10"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-12"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-12"></a>
<p>But the widely-used <samp>amsmath</samp> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use
in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>. So if you want
@@ -15335,7 +15676,7 @@
<a name="g_t_005cfrac"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="n" rel="next">\left & \right</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sqrt</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfrac-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></h4>
@@ -15356,69 +15697,13 @@
</p>
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sqrt</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frac</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">16.7.4 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></h4>
-
-<a name="index-delimiters_002c-paired"></a>
-<a name="index-paired-delimiters"></a>
-<a name="index-matching-parentheses"></a>
-<a name="index-matching-brackets"></a>
-<a name="index-null-delimiter"></a>
-<a name="index-_005cleft"></a>
-<a name="index-_005cright"></a>
-
-<p>Synopsis:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\left <var>delimiter1</var> ... \right <var>delimiter2</var>
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The delimiters
-are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a unit vector
-surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
- \left(\begin{array}{c}
- 1 \\
- 0 \\
- \end{array}\right)
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Every <code>\left</code> must have a matching <code>\right</code>. Leaving out the
-<code>\left(</code> in the above gets ‘<samp>Extra \right</samp>’. Leaving off the
-<code>\right)</code> gets ‘<samp>You can't use `\eqno' in math mode</samp>’.
-</p>
-<p>However, the two delimiters <var>delimiter1</var> and <var>delimiter2</var> need
-not match. A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as
-below. Use a period, ‘<samp>.</samp>’, as a null delimiter.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
- f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
- 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
- f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
- \end{array}\right.
-\end{equation}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
-backslash, <code>\{</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
<a name="g_t_005csqrt"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stackrel</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\left & \right</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stackrel</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frac</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csqrt-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">16.7.5 <code>\sqrt</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.4 <code>\sqrt</code></h4>
<a name="index-square-root"></a>
<a name="index-roots"></a>
@@ -15449,7 +15734,7 @@
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sqrt</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cstackrel-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">16.7.6 <code>\stackrel</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.5 <code>\stackrel</code></h4>
<a name="index-stack-math"></a>
<a name="index-relation_002c-text-above"></a>
@@ -20011,12 +20296,11 @@
</dl>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005caccent" accesskey="1">\accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Low level command to produce an accent.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005caccent" accesskey="1">\accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Low level command to produce an accented character.
</td></tr>
</table>
-
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005caccent"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -20030,7 +20314,7 @@
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"> \accent<var>number</var> <var>character</var>
+<pre class="example">\accent<var>number</var> <var>character</var>
</pre></div>
<p>A TeX primitive command used to generate accented characters from
@@ -24512,11 +24796,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-3"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-4"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-5"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-6"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-8"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-9"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-6"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc">\bigl & \bigr etc</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-8"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-9"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
@@ -24593,6 +24879,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bp"><code>bp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-brace_002c-left_002c-in-text">brace, left, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-brace_002c-right_002c-in-text">brace, right, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-braces">braces</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-brackets">brackets</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaking-lines">breaking lines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaking-pages">breaking pages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">breaks, multiplication discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
@@ -24682,6 +24970,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commands_002c-run-from-LaTeX">commands, run from LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commands_002c-star_002dvariants">commands, star-variants</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-composite-word-mark_002c-in-text">composite word mark, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comprehensive-package"><code>comprehensive</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-computer-programs_002c-typesetting">computer programs, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-graphics-package">configuration, graphics package</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-contents-file">contents file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
@@ -24701,6 +24990,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-referencing-with-page-number">cross referencing with page number</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic">cross referencing, symbolic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CTAN">CTAN</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-curly-braces">curly braces</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-currency_002c-dollar">currency, dollar</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-currency_002c-euro">currency, euro</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
@@ -24724,6 +25014,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-new-fonts">defining new fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-new-theorems">defining new theorems</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definitions">definitions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Delimiters">Delimiters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delimiters_002c-paired">delimiters, paired</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delim_005f0"><code>delim_0</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delim_005f1"><code>delim_1</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
@@ -25157,9 +25448,11 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math_002c-arrows"><code>math, arrows</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math_002c-bold">math, bold</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-1"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-2"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-3"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-1"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-2"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-3"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-4"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-5"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost-package"><code>MetaPost</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mfirstuc-package"><code>mfirstuc</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mhchem-package"><code>mhchem</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
@@ -25248,11 +25541,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-5"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-8"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-9"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc">\bigl & \bigr etc</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-8"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-9"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>answers</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
@@ -25274,6 +25569,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cleveref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cleveref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cm_002dsuper"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cm-super</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-comprehensive"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>comprehensive</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cprotect</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cprotect</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-datatool"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>datatool</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
@@ -25309,9 +25605,11 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-lmodern"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>lmodern</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>macros2e</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter & \makeatother</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-5"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-MetaPost"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>MetaPost</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mfirstuc"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mfirstuc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mhchem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mhchem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
@@ -25329,7 +25627,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-setspace"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>setspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-showidx"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>showidx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>siunitx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-symbols"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>symbols</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcomp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>TikZ</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
@@ -25374,6 +25671,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parentheses">parentheses</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-part">part</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-part-1">part</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pc"><code>pc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
@@ -25554,7 +25852,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subsubsection">subsubsection</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-superscript">superscript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol"><code>symbol</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols-package"><code>symbols</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-arrows">symbols, arrows</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-boldface">symbols, boldface</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-math">symbols, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-11-19 18:55:17 UTC (rev 731)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-11-21 15:00:57 UTC (rev 732)
@@ -90,9 +90,8 @@
preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX typesetting
program (*note Overview::).
- This document's home page is
-<https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman>. There you can get
-the sources, subscribe to the mailing list or read its archives, see
+ This document's home page is <https://latexref.xyz>. There you can
+get the sources, subscribe to the mailing list or read its archives, see
other infrastructure, and get the current output in various formats. In
particular, the output comes in two web formats. Probably the most
convenient one, shown at <http://latexref.xyz/>, has pages for each
@@ -8634,12 +8633,12 @@
something to attach to and keeps it from accidentally attaching to a
prior symbols.
- Using the subscript or superscript command outside of math mode or
+ Using the subscript or superscript character outside of math mode or
display math mode, as in 'the expression x^2', will get you the error
'Missing $ inserted'.
A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is
-to typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that such as
+to typeset chemical formulas. There are packages for that, such as
'mhchem'; see CTAN.
@@ -8650,8 +8649,8 @@
LaTeX provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that anyone
uses. For example, if you include '$\pi$' in your source, you will get
-the pi symbol U+03C0. See the 'Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List' at
-<https://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/>.
+the pi symbol U+03C0. See the "Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List" package
+at <https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive>.
Here is a list of commonly-used symbols. It is by no means
exhaustive. Each symbol is described with a short phrase, and its
@@ -8959,9 +8958,8 @@
for '\leq'.
'\leadsto'
- U+21DD Squiggly right arrow (relation). Not available in plain
- TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. To get this
- symbol outside of math mode you can put
+ U+21DD Squiggly right arrow (relation). To get this symbol outside
+ of math mode you can put
'\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}' in the preamble and
then use '\Leadsto' instead.
@@ -8995,10 +8993,9 @@
U+230A Left floor bracket (opening). Matches: '\floor'.
'\lhd'
- U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary). Not
- available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb'
- package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should load 'amssymb'
- and use '\vartriangleleft' (which is a relation and so gives better
+ U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary). For
+ the normal subgroup symbol you should load 'amssymb' and
+ use '\vartriangleleft' (which is a relation and so gives better
spacing).
'\ll'
@@ -9033,8 +9030,6 @@
'\mho'
U+2127 Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
- Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the
- 'amssymb' package.
'\mid'
U+2223 Single-line vertical bar (relation). A typical use of
@@ -9220,11 +9215,10 @@
off (closing). Matches '\lfloor'.
'\rhd'
- U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary). Not
- available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb'
- package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load
- 'amssymb' and use '\vartriangleright' (which is a relation and so
- gives better spacing).
+ U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary). For
+ the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load 'amssymb' and
+ use '\vartriangleright' (which is a relation and so gives better
+ spacing).
'\rho'
U+03C1 Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
@@ -9382,17 +9376,15 @@
'\unlhd'
U+22B4 Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
- triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX.
- In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
- subgroup symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglelefteq' (which
- is a relation and so gives better spacing).
+ triangle, with a line under (binary). For the normal subgroup
+ symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglelefteq' (which is a
+ relation and so gives better spacing).
'\unrhd'
U+22B5 Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
- triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX.
- In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
- subgroup symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglerighteq' (which
- is a relation and so gives better spacing).
+ triangle, with a line under (binary). For the normal subgroup
+ symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglerighteq' (which is a
+ relation and so gives better spacing).
'\Uparrow'
U+21D1 Double-line upward-pointing arrow (relation). Similar:
@@ -9472,7 +9464,7 @@
For a norm symbol, you can use the 'mathtools' package and put in
your preamble '\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}'. This
- gives you three command variants for double-line vertical bars that
+ creates three command variants for double-line vertical bars that
are correctly horizontally spaced: if in the document body you
write the starred version '$\norm*{M^\perp}$' then the height of
the vertical bars will match the height of the argument, whereas
@@ -9488,7 +9480,7 @@
For absolute value you can use the 'mathtools' package and in your
preamble put '\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}'. This
- gives you three command variants for single-line vertical bars that
+ creates three command variants for single-line vertical bars that
are correctly horizontally spaced: if in the document body you
write the starred version '$\abs*{\frac{22}{7}}$' then the height
of the vertical bars will match the height of the argument, whereas
@@ -9540,6 +9532,7 @@
* \boldmath & \unboldmath:: Symbols in boldface.
* Blackboard bold:: Doublestruck characters.
* Calligraphic:: Cursive characters.
+* Delimiters:: Perentheses, braces, etc.
* Dots:: Ellipses, etc.
* Greek letters:: List of Greek letters.
@@ -9660,7 +9653,7 @@
capital letters; look on CTAN.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Calligraphic, Next: Dots, Prev: Blackboard bold, Up: Math symbols
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Calligraphic, Next: Delimiters, Prev: Blackboard bold, Up: Math symbols
16.2.4 Calligraphic
-------------------
@@ -9676,13 +9669,269 @@
Let the graph be \( \mathcal{G} \).
If you use something other than an uppercase letter then you do not
-get an error but you also do not math caligraphic output. For instance,
-'\mathcal{g}' outputs a close curly brace symbol.
+get an error but you also do not get math calligraphic output. For
+instance, '\mathcal{g}' outputs a close curly brace symbol.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Dots, Next: Greek letters, Prev: Calligraphic, Up: Math symbols
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Delimiters, Next: Dots, Prev: Calligraphic, Up: Math symbols
-16.2.5 Dots, horizontal or vertical
+16.2.5 Delimiters
+-----------------
+
+Delimiters are parentheses, braces, or other characters used to mark the
+start and end of subformulas. This formula has three sets of
+parentheses delimiting the three subformulas.
+
+ (z-z_0)^2 = (x-x_0)^2 + (y-y_0)^2
+
+The delimiters do not need to match, so you can enter '\( [0,1) \)'.
+
+ These are the common delimiters.
+
+DelimiterCommand Name
+-----------------------------------------------------
+( '(' Left parenthesis
+) ')' Right parenthesis
+} '{' or Left brace
+ '\lbrace'
+{ '}' or Right brace
+ '\rbrace'
+[ '[' or Left bracket
+ '\lbrack'
+] ']' or Right bracket
+ '\rbrack'
+U+230A '\lfloor' Left floor bracket
+U+230B '\rfloor' Right floor bracket
+U+2308 '\lceil' Left ceiling bracket
+U+2309 '\rceil' Right ceiling bracket
+U+27E8 '\langle' Left angle bracket
+U+27E9 '\rangle' Right angle bracket
+/ '/' Slash, or forward slash
+\ '\backslash' Reverse slash, or backslash
+| '|' or Vertical bar
+ '\vert'
+U+2016 '\|' or Double vertical bar
+ '\Vert'
+
+ The 'mathtools' package allows you to create commands for paired
+delimiters. For instance, if you put
+'\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}' in your preamble then you
+get two commands for single-line vertical bars (they only work in math
+mode). The starred version, such as '\abs*{\frac{22}{7}}', has the
+height of the vertical bars match the height of the argument. The
+unstarred version, such as '\abs{\frac{22}{7}}', has the bars fixed at a
+default height. This version accepts an optional argument, as in
+'\abs[SIZE COMMAND]{\frac{22}{7}}', where the height of the bars is
+given in SIZE COMMAND, such as '\Bigg'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \left & \right:: Automatically sized delimiters.
+* \bigl & \bigr etc:: Manually sized delimiters.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \left & \right, Next: \bigl & \bigr etc, Up: Delimiters
+
+16.2.5.1 '\left' & '\right'
+...........................
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \left DELIMITER1 ... \right DELIMITER2
+
+ Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. LaTeX makes
+the delimiters tall enough to just cover the size of the formula that
+they enclose.
+
+ This makes a unit vector surrounded by parentheses tall enough to
+cover the entries.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left(\begin{array}{c}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end{array}\right)
+ \end{equation}
+
+ *Note Delimiters:: for a list of the common delimiters.
+
+ Every '\left' must have a matching '\right'. In the above example,
+leaving out the '\left(' gets the error message 'Extra \right'. Leaving
+out the '\right)' gets 'You can't use `\eqno' in math mode'.
+
+ However, DELIMITER1 and DELIMITER2 need not match. A common case is
+that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period, '.', as a
+null delimiter.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
+ 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
+ \end{array}\right.
+ \end{equation}
+
+Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
+backslash, '\{'. (The packages 'amsmath' and 'mathtools' allow you to
+get the above construct through in a 'cases' environment.)
+
+ The '\left ... \right' pair make a group. One consequence is that
+the formula enclosed in the '\left ... \right' pair cannot have line
+breaks in the output. This includes both manual line breaks and
+LaTeX-generated automatic ones. In this example, LaTeX breaks the
+equation to make the formula fit the margins.
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+ \( (a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z) \)
+
+But with '\left' and '\right'
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+ \( \left(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z\right) \)
+
+LaTeX won't break the line, causing the formula to extend into the
+margin.
+
+ Because '\left ... \right' make a group, all the usual grouping rules
+hold. Here, the value of '\testlength' set inside the equation will be
+forgotten, and the output is '1.2pt'.
+
+ \newlength{\testlength} \setlength{\testlength}{1.2pt}
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left( a+b=c \setlength{\testlength}{3.4pt} \right)
+ \the\testlength
+ \end{equation}
+
+ The '\left ... \right' pair affect the horizontal spacing of the
+enclosed formula, in two ways. The first is that in '\( \sin(x) =
+\sin\left(x\right) \)' the one after the equals sign has more space
+around the 'x'. That's because '\left( ... \right)' inserts an inner
+node while '( ... )' inserts an opening node. The second way that the
+pair affect the horizontal spacing is that because they form a group,
+the enclosed subformula will be typeset at its natural width, with no
+stretching or shrinking to make the line fit better.
+
+ TeX scales the delimiters according to the height and depth of the
+contained formula. Here LaTeX grows the brackets to extend the full
+height of the integral.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left[ \int_{x=r_0}^{\infty} -G\frac{Mm}{r^2}\, dr \right]
+ \end{equation}
+
+ Manual sizing is often better. For instance, although below the rule
+has no depth TeX will create delimiters that extend far below the rule.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left( \rule{1pt}{1cm} \right)
+ \end{equation}
+
+TeX can choose delimiters that are too small, as in '\( \left| |x|+|y|
+\right| \)'. It can also choose delimiters that are too large, as here.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left( \sum_{0\leq i<n} i^k \right)
+ \end{equation}
+
+A third awkward case is when a long displayed formula is on more than
+one line and you must match the sizes of the opening and closing
+delimiter; you can't use '\left' on the first line and '\right' on the
+last because they must be paired.
+
+ To size the delimiters manually, see *note \bigl & \bigr etc::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigl & \bigr etc, Prev: \left & \right, Up: Delimiters
+
+16.2.5.2 '\bigl', '\bigr', etc.
+...............................
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \biglDELIMITER1 ... \bigrDELIMITER2
+ \BiglDELIMITER1 ... \bigrDELIMITER2
+ \bigglDELIMITER1 ... \biggrDELIMITER2
+ \BigglDELIMITER1 ... \BiggrDELIMITER2
+
+(as with '\bigl[...\bigr]'; strictly speaking they need not be paired,
+see below), or one of:
+
+ \bigmDELIMITER
+ \BigmDELIMITER
+ \biggmDELIMITER
+ \BiggmDELIMITER
+
+(as with '\bigm|'), or one of:
+
+ \bigDELIMITER
+ \BigDELIMITER
+ \biggDELIMITER
+ \BiggDELIMITER
+
+(as with '\big[').
+
+ Produce manually-sized delimiters. For delimiters that are
+automatically sized see *note \left & \right::).
+
+ This produces slightly larger outer vertical bars.
+
+ \bigl| |x|+|y| \bigr|
+
+ The commands above are listed in order of increasing size. You can
+use the smallest size such as '\bigl...\bigr' in a paragraph without
+causing LaTeX to spread the lines apart. The larger sizes are meant for
+displayed equations.
+
+ *Note Delimiters:: for a list of the common delimiters. In the
+family of commands with 'l' and 'r', DELIMITER1 and DELIMITER2 need not
+be the same.
+
+ The 'l' and 'r' commands produce open and close delimiters that
+insert no horizontal space between a preceding atom and the delimiter,
+while the commands without 'l' and 'r' insert some space (because each
+delimiter is set as an ordinary variable). Compare these two.
+
+ \begin{tabular}{l}
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\biggl(\frac{1}{2}\biggr) \) \\ % good
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\bigg) \) \\ % bad
+ \end{tabular}
+
+The traditional typographic treatement is on the first line. On the
+second line the output will have some extra space between the '\sin' and
+the open parenthesis.
+
+ Commands without 'l' or 'r' do give correct spacing in some
+circumstances, as with this large vertical line
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \int_{x=a}^b x^2\,dx = \frac{1}{3} x^3 \Big|_{x=a}^b
+ \end{equation}
+
+(many authors would replace '\frac' with the '\tfrac' command from the
+'amsmath' package), and as with this larger slash
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \lim_{n\to\infty}\pi(n) \big/ (n/\log n) = 1
+ \end{equation}
+
+ Unlike the '\left...\right' pair (*note \left & \right::), the
+commands here with 'l' and 'r' do not make a group. Strictly speaking
+they need not be matched so you can write something like this.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \Biggl[ \pi/6 ]
+ \end{equation}
+
+ The commands with 'm' are for relations, which are in the middle of
+formulas, as here.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \biggl\{ a\in B \biggm| a=\sum_{0\leq i<n}3i^2+4 \biggr\}
+ \end{equation}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Dots, Next: Greek letters, Prev: Delimiters, Up: Math symbols
+
+16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical
-----------------------------------
Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
@@ -9740,7 +9989,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: Greek letters, Prev: Dots, Up: Math symbols
-16.2.6 Greek letters
+16.2.7 Greek letters
--------------------
The upper case versions of these Greek letters are only shown when they
@@ -10207,7 +10456,6 @@
* Colon character & \colon:: Colon.
* \*:: Discretionary multiplication.
* \frac:: Fraction.
-* \left & \right:: Paired delimiters.
* \sqrt:: Radicals.
* \stackrel:: Text over a relation.
@@ -10254,7 +10502,7 @@
'\( A_3 A_4 \)'.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \frac, Next: \left & \right, Prev: \*, Up: Math miscellany
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \frac, Next: \sqrt, Prev: \*, Up: Math miscellany
16.7.3 '\frac'
--------------
@@ -10269,47 +10517,9 @@
formulas::).
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \left & \right, Next: \sqrt, Prev: \frac, Up: Math miscellany
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \sqrt, Next: \stackrel, Prev: \frac, Up: Math miscellany
-16.7.4 '\left' & '\right'
--------------------------
-
-Synopsis:
-
- \left DELIMITER1 ... \right DELIMITER2
-
- Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The
-delimiters are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a
-unit vector surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
-
- \begin{equation}
- \left(\begin{array}{c}
- 1 \\
- 0 \\
- \end{array}\right)
-
- Every '\left' must have a matching '\right'. Leaving out the
-'\left(' in the above gets 'Extra \right'. Leaving off the '\right)'
-gets 'You can't use `\eqno' in math mode'.
-
- However, the two delimiters DELIMITER1 and DELIMITER2 need not match.
-A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a
-period, '.', as a null delimiter.
-
- \begin{equation}
- f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
- 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
- f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
- \end{array}\right.
- \end{equation}
-
-Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
-backslash, '\{'.
-
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \sqrt, Next: \stackrel, Prev: \left & \right, Up: Math miscellany
-
-16.7.5 '\sqrt'
+16.7.4 '\sqrt'
--------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10328,7 +10538,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \stackrel, Prev: \sqrt, Up: Math miscellany
-16.7.6 '\stackrel'
+16.7.5 '\stackrel'
------------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -13447,7 +13657,7 @@
* Menu:
-* \accent:: Low level command to produce an accent.
+* \accent:: Low level command to produce an accented character.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \accent, Up: Accents
@@ -13457,7 +13667,7 @@
Synopsis:
- \accentNUMBER CHARACTER
+ \accentNUMBER CHARACTER
A TeX primitive command used to generate accented characters from
accent marks and letters. The accent mark is selected by NUMBER, a
@@ -16444,11 +16654,11 @@
* \le: Math symbols. (line 321)
* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 325)
* \left: \left & \right. (line 6)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 332)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 337)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 331)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 336)
* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 46)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 341)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 344)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 340)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 343)
* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 54)
* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 124)
* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 54)
@@ -16457,12 +16667,12 @@
* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 54)
* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 54)
* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 54)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 347)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 352)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 357)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 361)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 346)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 351)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 356)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 360)
* \lg: Math functions. (line 63)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 364)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 363)
* \lim: Math functions. (line 66)
* \liminf: Math functions. (line 69)
* \limsup: Math functions. (line 72)
@@ -16481,20 +16691,20 @@
* \listoftables: Table of contents etc..
(line 6)
* \listparindent: list. (line 141)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 372)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 369)
* \ln: Math functions. (line 75)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 376)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 373)
* \LoadClass: Class and package commands.
(line 148)
* \LoadClassWithOptions: Class and package commands.
(line 148)
* \location: \location. (line 6)
* \log: Math functions. (line 78)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 379)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 384)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 388)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 393)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 398)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 376)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 381)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 385)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 390)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 395)
* \lq: Text symbols. (line 40)
* \mainmatter: \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter.
(line 6)
@@ -16506,7 +16716,7 @@
* \makelabel: list. (line 60)
* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 6)
* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 6)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 401)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 398)
* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* \marginparpush: Page layout parameters.
(line 40)
@@ -16527,16 +16737,16 @@
* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 84)
* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 110)
* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 126)
-* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 913)
+* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 906)
* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 123)
-* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 916)
+* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 909)
* \mathring: Math accents. (line 34)
* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 107)
-* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 919)
+* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 912)
* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 113)
-* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 922)
+* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 915)
* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 116)
-* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 925)
+* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 918)
* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 128)
* \max: Math functions. (line 81)
* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 6)
@@ -16548,29 +16758,29 @@
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 28)
* \message: \message. (line 6)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 405)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 410)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 402)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 405)
* \min: Math functions. (line 84)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 420)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 415)
* \month: \day & \month & \year.
(line 6)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 425)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 428)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 420)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 423)
* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 6)
* \multiput: \multiput. (line 6)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 431)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 426)
* \name: \name. (line 6)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 434)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 437)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 440)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 429)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 432)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 435)
* \NeedsTeXFormat: Class and package commands.
(line 182)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 443)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 438)
* \negthinspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 46)
* \negthinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
(line 6)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 447)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 442)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 6)
* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 6)
@@ -16589,7 +16799,7 @@
(line 40)
* \NG: Additional Latin letters.
(line 40)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 450)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 445)
* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6)
* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 21)
* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 21)
@@ -16605,10 +16815,10 @@
* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 22)
* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 6)
* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 455)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 463)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 467)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 470)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 450)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 458)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 462)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 465)
* \o (/o): Additional Latin letters.
(line 44)
* \O (/O): Additional Latin letters.
@@ -16621,31 +16831,31 @@
(line 66)
* \oddsidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
(line 68)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 473)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 468)
* \oe (oe): Additional Latin letters.
(line 48)
* \OE (OE): Additional Latin letters.
(line 48)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 478)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 473)
* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 132)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 482)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 485)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 488)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 477)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 480)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 483)
* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 6)
* \openin: \openin & \openout. (line 6)
* \opening: \opening. (line 6)
* \openout: \openin & \openout. (line 6)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 491)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 486)
* \OptionNotUsed: Class and package commands.
(line 200)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 495)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 498)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 490)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 493)
* \oval: \oval. (line 6)
* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
(line 40)
* \overline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
(line 21)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 503)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 498)
* \P: Text symbols. (line 43)
* \PackageError: Class and package commands.
(line 41)
@@ -16674,7 +16884,7 @@
* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 6)
* \paragraph <1>: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
(line 6)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 508)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 503)
* \parbox: \parbox. (line 6)
* \parindent: minipage. (line 103)
* \parindent <1>: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
@@ -16686,7 +16896,7 @@
* \parskip example: itemize. (line 73)
* \part: Sectioning. (line 6)
* \part <1>: \part. (line 6)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 511)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 506)
* \partopsep: list. (line 156)
* \PassOptionsToClass: Class and package commands.
(line 206)
@@ -16696,20 +16906,20 @@
(line 40)
* \pdfpagewidth: Document class options.
(line 40)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 514)
-* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 519)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 522)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 526)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 529)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 533)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 509)
+* \Phi: Math symbols. (line 514)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 517)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 521)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 524)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 528)
* \pmod: Math functions. (line 87)
* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 113)
* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 114)
* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 47)
* \Pr: Math functions. (line 90)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 536)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 539)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 544)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 531)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 534)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 539)
* \printglossaries: Glossaries. (line 6)
* \printglossaries <1>: Glossaries. (line 43)
* \printindex: \printindex. (line 6)
@@ -16718,8 +16928,8 @@
(line 243)
* \ProcessOptions*: Class and package commands.
(line 243)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 553)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 556)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 548)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 551)
* \protect: \protect. (line 6)
* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 6)
* \ProvidesClass: Class and package commands.
@@ -16731,8 +16941,8 @@
* \ProvideTextCommand: \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand.
(line 6)
* \ps: \ps. (line 6)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 559)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 562)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 554)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 557)
* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 116)
* \put: \put. (line 6)
* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 6)
@@ -16751,11 +16961,11 @@
* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 6)
* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 6)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 565)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 570)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 574)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 578)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 581)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 560)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 565)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 569)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 573)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 576)
* \read: \read. (line 6)
* \ref: \ref. (line 6)
* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 6)
@@ -16769,18 +16979,18 @@
* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 6)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
(line 6)
-* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 586)
-* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 591)
+* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 581)
+* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 586)
* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 22)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 596)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 600)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 607)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 591)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 595)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 602)
* \right: \left & \right. (line 6)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 611)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 616)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 620)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 623)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 626)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 606)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 611)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 615)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 618)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 621)
* \rightmargin: list. (line 171)
* \rm: Font styles. (line 83)
* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 30)
@@ -16798,7 +17008,7 @@
* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 6)
* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \scshape: Font styles. (line 51)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 629)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 624)
* \sec: Math functions. (line 93)
* \section: Sectioning. (line 6)
* \section <1>: \section. (line 6)
@@ -16807,48 +17017,48 @@
(line 131)
* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 6)
* \setlength: \setlength. (line 6)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 632)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 627)
* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 6)
* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 6)
* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 6)
* \sf: Font styles. (line 89)
* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 48)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 638)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 633)
* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 6)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 641)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 644)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 636)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 639)
* \signature: \signature. (line 11)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 648)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 651)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 643)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 646)
* \sin: Math functions. (line 96)
* \sinh: Math functions. (line 99)
* \sl: Font styles. (line 92)
* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* \slshape: Font styles. (line 45)
* \small: Font sizes. (line 11)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 654)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 649)
* \smallskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
(line 38)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
(line 39)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 658)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 653)
* \SPACE: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \SPACE <1>: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 10)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 661)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 664)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 668)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 656)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 659)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 663)
* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 6)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 672)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 677)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 682)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 687)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 667)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 672)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 677)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 682)
* \ss (ss): Additional Latin letters.
(line 52)
* \SS (SS): Additional Latin letters.
(line 52)
* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 6)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 692)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 687)
* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 6)
* \stop: Recovering from errors.
(line 23)
@@ -16858,19 +17068,19 @@
(line 6)
* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 6)
* \subsection <1>: \subsection. (line 6)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 700)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 703)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 695)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 698)
* \subsubsection: \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph.
(line 6)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 706)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 710)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 715)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 701)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 705)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 710)
* \sup: Math functions. (line 102)
* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 87)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 719)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 722)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 725)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 730)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 714)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 717)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 720)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 725)
* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
(line 6)
* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 81)
@@ -16881,7 +17091,7 @@
(line 6)
* \tan: Math functions. (line 105)
* \tanh: Math functions. (line 108)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 733)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 728)
* \telephone: \telephone. (line 6)
* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 62)
* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 100)
@@ -16959,7 +17169,7 @@
* \TH (TH): Additional Latin letters.
(line 56)
* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 56)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 736)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 731)
* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 6)
* \thickspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 23)
@@ -16970,12 +17180,12 @@
(line 6)
* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 6)
* \tilde: Math accents. (line 37)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 740)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 735)
* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 63)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 744)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 739)
* \today: \today. (line 6)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 748)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 743)
* \topfraction: Floats. (line 107)
* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 108)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
@@ -16985,9 +17195,9 @@
(line 131)
* \topskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 132)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 753)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 756)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 762)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 748)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 751)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 757)
* \tt: Font styles. (line 95)
* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 54)
* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 6)
@@ -17004,17 +17214,17 @@
* \underline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
(line 9)
* \unitlength: picture. (line 25)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 768)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 775)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 782)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 786)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 790)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 795)
-* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 800)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 805)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 763)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 769)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 775)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 779)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 783)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 788)
+* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 793)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 798)
* \upshape: Font styles. (line 42)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 812)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 815)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 805)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 808)
* \usebox: \usebox. (line 6)
* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 6)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
@@ -17022,37 +17232,37 @@
* \usepackage: Additional packages. (line 6)
* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 89)
* \value: \value. (line 6)
-* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 823)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 818)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 828)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 832)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 836)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 840)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 844)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 848)
+* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 816)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 811)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 821)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 825)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 829)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 833)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 837)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 841)
* \vdots: Dots. (line 34)
* \vec: Math accents. (line 40)
* \vector: \vector. (line 6)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 852)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 845)
* \verb: \verb. (line 6)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 857)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 873)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 850)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 866)
* \vfill: \vfill. (line 6)
* \vline: \vline. (line 6)
* \vspace: \vspace. (line 6)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 891)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 884)
* \widehat: Math accents. (line 43)
* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 46)
* \wlog: \wlog. (line 6)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 895)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 898)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 888)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 891)
* \write: \write. (line 6)
* \write18: \write18. (line 6)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 901)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 904)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 894)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 897)
* \year: \day & \month & \year.
(line 6)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 907)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 900)
* \\ (for center): center. (line 16)
* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 29)
* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 12)
@@ -17113,13 +17323,15 @@
* amsmath package <3>: equation. (line 20)
* amsmath package <4>: theorem. (line 28)
* amsmath package <5>: Math formulas. (line 86)
-* amsmath package <6>: Dots. (line 37)
-* amsmath package <7>: Math functions. (line 111)
-* amsmath package <8>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* amsmath package <6>: \left & \right. (line 30)
+* amsmath package <7>: \bigl & \bigr etc. (line 68)
+* amsmath package <8>: Dots. (line 37)
+* amsmath package <9>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* amsmath package <10>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
(line 44)
-* amsmath package <9>: Colon character & \colon.
+* amsmath package <11>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 15)
-* amsmath package <10>: Colon character & \colon.
+* amsmath package <12>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 6)
* amsthm package: theorem. (line 28)
@@ -17207,12 +17419,14 @@
* bp: Units of length. (line 20)
* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 87)
* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 90)
+* braces: Delimiters. (line 6)
+* brackets: Delimiters. (line 6)
* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6)
* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6)
* breaks, multiplication discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* breve accent: Accents. (line 85)
* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 17)
-* bug reporting: About this document. (line 29)
+* bug reporting: About this document. (line 28)
* bullet lists: itemize. (line 6)
* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 113)
* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 93)
@@ -17319,6 +17533,7 @@
* commands, run from LaTeX: \write18. (line 6)
* commands, star-variants: \@ifstar. (line 6)
* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 101)
+* comprehensive package: Math symbols. (line 6)
* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6)
* configuration, graphics package: Graphics package configuration.
(line 6)
@@ -17340,6 +17555,7 @@
* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 6)
* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 6)
* CTAN: CTAN. (line 6)
+* curly braces: Delimiters. (line 6)
* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 114)
* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 125)
* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 111)
@@ -17363,6 +17579,7 @@
* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 6)
* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 6)
* definitions: Definitions. (line 6)
+* Delimiters: Delimiters. (line 6)
* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 6)
* delim_0: makeindex. (line 110)
* delim_1: makeindex. (line 114)
@@ -17531,7 +17748,7 @@
* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 6)
* final option: Document class options.
(line 49)
-* first-latex-doc document: About this document. (line 41)
+* first-latex-doc document: About this document. (line 40)
* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 96)
* flafter package: Floats. (line 82)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
@@ -17721,11 +17938,11 @@
* latex command: Output files. (line 10)
* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 22)
* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 6)
-* LaTeX Project team: About this document. (line 25)
-* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document. (line 21)
-* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document. (line 38)
+* LaTeX Project team: About this document. (line 24)
+* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document. (line 20)
+* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document. (line 37)
* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 25)
-* <latexrefman at tug.org> email address: About this document. (line 25)
+* <latexrefman at tug.org> email address: About this document. (line 24)
* latexsym package: Arrows. (line 6)
* Latin letters, additional: Additional Latin letters.
(line 6)
@@ -17804,7 +18021,7 @@
* LR box: picture. (line 103)
* LR mode: Modes. (line 16)
* lrbox: lrbox. (line 6)
-* lshort document: About this document. (line 49)
+* lshort document: About this document. (line 48)
* ltugboat class: tugboat template. (line 6)
* lualatex command: TeX engines. (line 30)
* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 30)
@@ -17842,10 +18059,12 @@
* math, arrows: Arrows. (line 6)
* math, bold: Font styles. (line 128)
* mathtools package: Math formulas. (line 86)
-* mathtools package <1>: Over- and Underlining.
+* mathtools package <1>: Delimiters. (line 41)
+* mathtools package <2>: \left & \right. (line 30)
+* mathtools package <3>: Over- and Underlining.
(line 45)
-* mathtools package <2>: \smash. (line 61)
-* mathtools package <3>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* mathtools package <4>: \smash. (line 61)
+* mathtools package <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
(line 36)
* MetaPost package: \line. (line 36)
* mfirstuc package: Upper and lower case.
@@ -17958,13 +18177,15 @@
* package, amsmath <3>: equation. (line 20)
* package, amsmath <4>: theorem. (line 28)
* package, amsmath <5>: Math formulas. (line 86)
-* package, amsmath <6>: Dots. (line 37)
-* package, amsmath <7>: Math functions. (line 111)
-* package, amsmath <8>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* package, amsmath <6>: \left & \right. (line 30)
+* package, amsmath <7>: \bigl & \bigr etc. (line 68)
+* package, amsmath <8>: Dots. (line 37)
+* package, amsmath <9>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* package, amsmath <10>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
(line 44)
-* package, amsmath <9>: Colon character & \colon.
+* package, amsmath <11>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 15)
-* package, amsmath <10>: Colon character & \colon.
+* package, amsmath <12>: Colon character & \colon.
(line 19)
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
* package, amsthm <1>: \rule. (line 18)
@@ -17990,6 +18211,7 @@
* package, cleveref <1>: \ref. (line 29)
* package, cleveref <2>: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, cm-super: fontenc package. (line 69)
+* package, comprehensive: Math symbols. (line 6)
* package, cprotect: verbatim. (line 26)
* package, cprotect <1>: \verb. (line 45)
* package, datatool: \read. (line 30)
@@ -18030,10 +18252,12 @@
* package, macros2e: \makeatletter & \makeatother.
(line 43)
* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 86)
-* package, mathtools <1>: Over- and Underlining.
+* package, mathtools <1>: Delimiters. (line 41)
+* package, mathtools <2>: \left & \right. (line 30)
+* package, mathtools <3>: Over- and Underlining.
(line 45)
-* package, mathtools <2>: \smash. (line 61)
-* package, mathtools <3>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
+* package, mathtools <4>: \smash. (line 61)
+* package, mathtools <5>: \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom.
(line 36)
* package, MetaPost: \line. (line 36)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
@@ -18057,7 +18281,6 @@
(line 118)
* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 32)
* package, siunitx: ~. (line 32)
-* package, symbols: Math symbols. (line 6)
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
(line 42)
* package, textcomp: Font styles. (line 132)
@@ -18114,6 +18337,7 @@
* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 34)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
+* parentheses: Delimiters. (line 6)
* part: Sectioning. (line 6)
* part <1>: \part. (line 6)
* pc: Units of length. (line 14)
@@ -18188,7 +18412,7 @@
* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 6)
* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* report class: Document classes. (line 11)
-* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 29)
+* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 28)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters. (line 6)
* resizing: \scalebox. (line 6)
* resizing <1>: \resizebox. (line 6)
@@ -18319,7 +18543,6 @@
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
(line 6)
* symbol: \newglossaryentry. (line 59)
-* symbols package: Math symbols. (line 6)
* symbols, arrows: Arrows. (line 6)
* symbols, boldface: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
(line 6)
@@ -18437,13 +18660,13 @@
* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 6)
* unicode-math package: Greek letters. (line 47)
* units, of length: Units of length. (line 6)
-* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document. (line 25)
+* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document. (line 24)
* unordered lists: itemize. (line 6)
* uppercase: Upper and lower case.
(line 6)
* url package: \verb. (line 38)
* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
-* usrguide official documentation: About this document. (line 44)
+* usrguide official documentation: About this document. (line 43)
* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 6)
* UTF-8 <1>: fontenc package. (line 6)
* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 6)
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+Ref: list partopsep158349
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+Ref: includegraphics width474188
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+Ref: includegraphics viewport477075
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+Ref: includegraphics clip477901
+Ref: includegraphics page478161
+Ref: includegraphics pagebox478252
+Ref: includegraphics interpolate479117
+Ref: includegraphics quiet479322
+Ref: includegraphics draft479483
+Ref: includegraphics bb480288
+Ref: includegraphics bbllx480686
+Ref: includegraphics bblly480686
+Ref: includegraphics bburx480686
+Ref: includegraphics bbury480686
+Ref: includegraphics natwidth480828
+Ref: includegraphics natheight480828
+Ref: includegraphics hiresbb481014
+Ref: includegraphics type481776
+Ref: includegraphics ext481816
+Ref: includegraphics read481919
+Ref: includegraphics command482036
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+Node: \scalebox485135
+Node: \resizebox486191
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+Node: Reserved characters488185
+Node: Upper and lower case489387
+Node: Symbols by font position491302
+Node: Text symbols491922
+Node: Accents495923
+Node: \accent498028
+Node: Additional Latin letters499794
+Ref: Non-English characters499965
+Node: \rule500982
+Node: \today502154
+Node: Splitting the input503090
+Node: \endinput504831
+Node: \include & \includeonly506098
+Node: \input510320
+Node: Front/back matter511535
+Node: Table of contents etc.511868
+Node: \addcontentsline515604
+Node: \addtocontents518446
+Node: \nofiles520037
+Node: Indexes520769
+Node: \index522397
+Node: makeindex527506
+Ref: makeindex preamble529174
+Ref: makeindex postamble529314
+Ref: makeindex group skip529399
+Ref: makeindex letheadflag529719
+Ref: makeindex lethead prefix530180
+Ref: makeindex lethead suffix530332
+Ref: makeindex item 0530480
+Ref: makeindex item 1530560
+Ref: makeindex item 2530635
+Ref: makeindex item 01530713
+Ref: makeindex item x1530818
+Ref: makeindex item 12531023
+Ref: makeindex item x2531131
+Ref: makeindex delim 0531291
+Ref: makeindex delim 1531421
+Ref: makeindex delim 2531551
+Ref: makeindex delim n531677
+Ref: makeindex delim r531812
+Ref: makeindex line max531920
+Ref: makeindex indent space532055
+Ref: makeindex indent length532150
+Ref: makeindex page precedence532335
+Node: \printindex533209
+Node: Glossaries533681
+Node: \newglossaryentry535648
+Node: \gls537117
+Node: Letters537911
+Node: \address541529
+Node: \cc542340
+Node: \closing542782
+Node: \encl543096
+Node: \location543510
+Node: \makelabels543774
+Node: \name546091
+Node: \opening546332
+Node: \ps546613
+Node: \signature546902
+Node: \telephone548130
+Node: Input/output548495
+Node: \openin & \openout549215
+Node: \read551951
+Node: \typein553029
+Node: \typeout554283
+Node: \write555333
+Node: \message560415
+Node: \wlog562178
+Node: \write18562681
+Node: Command line565350
+Node: Command line options567399
+Node: Command line input570976
+Node: Recovering from errors572839
+Node: Document templates574185
+Node: beamer template574630
+Node: article template575284
+Node: book template575711
+Node: Larger book template576192
+Node: tugboat template577678
+Node: Index580049
+Ref: Command Index580135
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-11-19 18:55:17 UTC (rev 731)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-11-21 15:00:57 UTC (rev 732)
@@ -11653,7 +11653,7 @@
For a norm symbol, you can use the @file{mathtools} package and put in
your preamble
- at code{\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm@{\lVert@}@{\rVert@}}. This gives you
+ at code{\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm@{\lVert@}@{\rVert@}}. This creates
three command variants for double-line vertical bars that are correctly
horizontally spaced: if in the document body you write the starred
version @code{$\norm*@{M^\perp@}$} then the height of the vertical bars
@@ -11670,7 +11670,7 @@
For absolute value you can use the @file{mathtools} package and in your
preamble put
- at code{\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs@{\lvert@}@{\rvert@}}. This gives you
+ at code{\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs@{\lvert@}@{\rvert@}}. This creates
three command variants for single-line vertical bars that are correctly
horizontally spaced: if in the document body you write the starred
version @code{$\abs*@{\frac@{22@}@{7@}@}$} then the height of the
@@ -11729,6 +11729,7 @@
* \boldmath & \unboldmath:: Symbols in boldface.
* Blackboard bold:: Doublestruck characters.
* Calligraphic:: Cursive characters.
+* Delimiters:: Perentheses, braces, etc.
* Dots:: Ellipses, etc.
* Greek letters:: List of Greek letters.
@end menu
@@ -11935,6 +11936,347 @@
@code{\mathcal@{g@}} outputs a close curly brace symbol.
+ at node Delimiters
+ at subsection Delimiters
+
+ at cindex Delimiters
+ at cindex parentheses
+ at cindex braces
+ at cindex curly braces
+ at cindex brackets
+
+Delimiters are parentheses, braces, or other characters used to mark
+the start and end of subformulas. This formula has three sets of
+parentheses delimiting the three subformulas.
+
+ at example
+(z-z_0)^2 = (x-x_0)^2 + (y-y_0)^2
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+The delimiters do not need to match, so you can enter @code{\( [0,1) \)}.
+
+These are the common delimiters.
+
+ at multitable @columnfractions .10 .20 .40 .30
+ at headitem Delimiter at tab Command at tab Name
+ at item
+( @tab @code{(} @tab Left parenthesis
+ at item
+) @tab @code{)} @tab Right parenthesis
+ at item
+@} @tab @code{@{} or @code{\lbrace} @tab Left brace
+ at item
+@{ @tab @code{@}} or @code{\rbrace} @tab Right brace
+ at item
+[ @tab @code{[} or @code{\lbrack} @tab Left bracket
+ at item
+] @tab @code{]} or @code{\rbrack} @tab Right bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{230A,\lfloor} @tab @code{\lfloor} @tab Left floor bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{230B,\rfloor} @tab @code{\rfloor} @tab Right floor bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{2308,\lceil} @tab @code{\lceil} @tab Left ceiling bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{2309,\rceil} @tab @code{\rceil} @tab Right ceiling bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{27E8,\langle} @tab @code{\langle} @tab Left angle bracket
+ at item
+ at BES{27E9,\rangle} @tab @code{\rangle} @tab Right angle bracket
+ at item
+/ @tab @code{/} @tab Slash, or forward slash
+ at item
+\ @tab @code{\backslash} @tab Reverse slash, or backslash
+ at item
+| @tab @code{|} or @code{\vert} @tab Vertical bar
+ at item
+ at BES{2016,\|} @tab @code{\|} or @code{\Vert} @tab Double vertical bar
+ at end multitable
+
+ at PkgIndex{mathtools}
+The @file{mathtools} package allows you to create commands for paired
+delimiters. For instance, if you put
+ at code{\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs@{\lvert@}@{\rvert@}} in your preamble
+then you get two commands for single-line vertical bars (they only work
+in math mode). The starred version, such as
+ at code{\abs*@{\frac@{22@}@{7@}@}}, has the height of the vertical bars
+match the height of the argument. The unstarred version, such as
+ at code{\abs@{\frac@{22@}@{7@}@}}, has the bars fixed at a default height.
+This version accepts an optional argument, as in @code{\abs[@var{size
+command}]@{\frac@{22@}@{7@}@}}, where the height of the bars is given in
+ at var{size command}, such as @code{\Bigg}.
+
+ at menu
+* \left & \right:: Automatically sized delimiters.
+* \bigl & \bigr etc:: Manually sized delimiters.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node \left & \right
+ at subsubsection @code{\left} & @code{\right}
+
+ at cindex delimiters, paired
+ at cindex paired delimiters
+ at cindex matching parentheses
+ at cindex matching brackets
+ at cindex null delimiter
+ at findex \left
+ at findex \right
+
+ at c Credit: SE userPhilipp https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12793
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\left @var{delimiter1} ... \right @var{delimiter2}
+ at end example
+
+Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. @LaTeX{} makes
+the delimiters tall enough to just cover the size of the formula that
+they enclose.
+
+This makes a unit vector surrounded by parentheses tall enough to cover
+the entries.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left(\begin@{array@}@{c@}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end@{array@}\right)
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at xref{Delimiters} for a list of the common delimiters.
+
+Every @code{\left} must have a matching @code{\right}. In the above
+example, leaving out the @code{\left(} gets the error message
+ at samp{Extra \right}. Leaving out the @code{\right)} gets @samp{You
+can't use `\eqno' in math mode}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{amsmath}
+ at PkgIndex{mathtools}
+However, @var{delimiter1} and @var{delimiter2} need not match. A common
+case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period,
+ at samp{.}, as a null delimiter.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ f(n)=\left\@{\begin@{array@}@{ll@}
+ 1 &\mbox@{--if \(n=0\)@} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox@{--else@}
+ \end@{array@}\right.
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
+backslash, @code{\@{}. (The packages @file{amsmath} and
+ at file{mathtools} allow you to get the above construct through in a
+ at code{cases} environment.)
+
+The @code{\left ... \right} pair make a group. One consequence is that
+the formula enclosed in the @code{\left ... \right} pair cannot have
+line breaks in the output. This includes both manual line breaks and
+ at LaTeX{}-generated automatic ones. In this example, @LaTeX{} breaks the
+equation to make the formula fit the margins.
+
+ at example
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+\( (a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z) \)
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+But with @code{\left} and @code{\right}
+
+ at example
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
+\( \left(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w+x+y+z\right) \)
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+ at LaTeX{} won't break the line, causing the formula to extend into the
+margin.
+
+Because @code{\left ... \right} make a group, all the usual grouping
+rules hold. Here, the value of @code{\testlength} set inside the
+equation will be forgotten, and the output is @samp{1.2pt}.
+
+ at example
+\newlength@{\testlength@} \setlength@{\testlength@}@{1.2pt@}
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left( a+b=c \setlength@{\testlength@}@{3.4pt@} \right)
+ \the\testlength
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+The @code{\left ... \right} pair affect the horizontal spacing of the
+enclosed formula, in two ways. The first is that in @code{\( \sin(x) =
+\sin\left(x\right) \)} the one after the equals sign has more space
+around the @code{x}. That's because @code{\left( ... \right)} inserts
+an inner node while @code{( ... )} inserts an opening node. The second
+way that the pair affect the horizontal spacing is that because they
+form a group, the enclosed subformula will be typeset at its natural
+width, with no stretching or shrinking to make the line fit better.
+
+ at TeX{} scales the delimiters according to the height and depth of the
+contained formula. Here @LaTeX{} grows the brackets to extend the full
+height of the integral.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left[ \int_@{x=r_0@}^@{\infty@} -G\frac@{Mm@}@{r^2@}\, dr \right]
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+Manual sizing is often better. For instance, although below the rule
+has no depth @TeX{} will create delimiters that extend far below the
+rule.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left( \rule@{1pt@}@{1cm@} \right)
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+ at TeX{} can choose delimiters that are too small, as in @code{\( \left|
+|x|+|y| \right| \)}. It can also choose delimiters that are too large,
+as here.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left( \sum_@{0\leq i<n@} i^k \right)
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+A third awkward case is when a long displayed formula is on more than
+one line and you must match the sizes of the opening and closing
+delimiter; you can't use @code{\left} on the first line and
+ at code{\right} on the last because they must be paired.
+
+To size the delimiters manually, see at tie{}@ref{ \bigl & \bigr etc}.
+
+
+ at node \bigl & \bigr etc
+ at subsubsection @code{\bigl}, @code{\bigr}, etc.
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\bigl at var{delimiter1} ... \bigr at var{delimiter2}
+\Bigl at var{delimiter1} ... \bigr at var{delimiter2}
+\biggl at var{delimiter1} ... \biggr at var{delimiter2}
+\Biggl at var{delimiter1} ... \Biggr at var{delimiter2}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+(as with @code{\bigl[...\bigr]}; strictly speaking they need not be
+paired, see below), or one of:
+
+ at example
+\bigm at var{delimiter}
+\Bigm at var{delimiter}
+\biggm at var{delimiter}
+\Biggm at var{delimiter}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+(as with @code{\bigm|}), or one of:
+
+ at example
+\big at var{delimiter}
+\Big at var{delimiter}
+\bigg at var{delimiter}
+\Bigg at var{delimiter}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+(as with @code{\big[}).
+
+Produce manually-sized delimiters. For delimiters that are
+automatically sized see at tie{}@ref{\left & \right}).
+
+This produces slightly larger outer vertical bars.
+
+ at example
+ \bigl| |x|+|y| \bigr|
+ at end example
+
+The commands above are listed in order of increasing size. You can use
+the smallest size such as @code{\bigl...\bigr} in a paragraph without
+causing @LaTeX{} to spread the lines apart. The larger sizes are meant
+for displayed equations.
+
+ at xref{Delimiters} for a list of the common delimiters. In the family of
+commands with @samp{l} and @samp{r}, @var{delimiter1} and
+ at var{delimiter2} need not be the same.
+
+The @samp{l} and @samp{r} commands produce open and close delimiters
+that insert no horizontal space between a preceding atom and the
+delimiter, while the commands without @samp{l} and @samp{r} insert some
+space (because each delimiter is set as an ordinary variable). Compare
+these two.
+
+ at c credit: Martin Heller https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/1234
+ at example
+\begin@{tabular@}@{l@}
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\biggl(\frac@{1@}@{2@}\biggr) \) \\ % good
+ \(\displaystyle \sin\bigg(\frac@{1@}@{2@}\bigg) \) \\ % bad
+\end@{tabular@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+The traditional typographic treatement is on the first line. On the
+second line the output will have some extra space between the
+ at code{\sin} and the open parenthesis.
+
+Commands without @samp{l} or at tie{}@samp{r} do give correct spacing in
+some circumstances, as with this large vertical line
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \int_@{x=a@}^b x^2\,dx = \frac@{1@}@{3@} x^3 \Big|_@{x=a@}^b
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at PkgIndex{amsmath}
+ at noindent
+(many authors would replace @code{\frac} with the @code{\tfrac} command
+from the @file{amsmath} package), and as with this larger slash
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \lim_@{n\to\infty@}\pi(n) \big/ (n/\log n) = 1
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+Unlike the @code{\left...\right} pair (@pxref{\left & \right}), the
+commands here with @samp{l} and at tie{}@samp{r} do not make a group.
+Strictly speaking they need not be matched so you can write something
+like this.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \Biggl[ \pi/6 ]
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+The commands with @samp{m} are for relations, which are in the middle of
+formulas, as here.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \biggl\@{ a\in B \biggm| a=\sum_@{0\leq i<n@}3i^2+4 \biggr\@}
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
+
+ at c xx Add discussion \bigg\mid not being good
+ at c and \bigg| being right; maybe mention of \middle and braket package?
+
+
@node Dots
@subsection Dots, horizontal or vertical
@@ -12748,7 +13090,6 @@
* Colon character & \colon:: Colon.
* \*:: Discretionary multiplication.
* \frac:: Fraction.
-* \left & \right:: Paired delimiters.
* \sqrt:: Radicals.
* \stackrel:: Text over a relation.
@end menu
@@ -12831,57 +13172,6 @@
(@pxref{Math formulas}).
- at node \left & \right
- at subsection @code{\left} & @code{\right}
-
- at cindex delimiters, paired
- at cindex paired delimiters
- at cindex matching parentheses
- at cindex matching brackets
- at cindex null delimiter
- at findex \left
- at findex \right
-
-Synopsis:
-
- at example
-\left @var{delimiter1} ... \right @var{delimiter2}
- at end example
-
-Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The delimiters
-are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a unit vector
-surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
-
- at example
-\begin@{equation@}
- \left(\begin@{array@}@{c@}
- 1 \\
- 0 \\
- \end@{array@}\right)
- at end example
-
-Every @code{\left} must have a matching @code{\right}. Leaving out the
- at code{\left(} in the above gets @samp{Extra \right}. Leaving off the
- at code{\right)} gets @samp{You can't use `\eqno' in math mode}.
-
-However, the two delimiters @var{delimiter1} and @var{delimiter2} need
-not match. A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as
-below. Use a period, @samp{.}, as a null delimiter.
-
- at example
-\begin@{equation@}
- f(n)=\left\@{\begin@{array@}@{ll@}
- 1 &\mbox@{--if \(n=0\)@} \\
- f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox@{--else@}
- \end@{array@}\right.
-\end@{equation@}
- at end example
-
- at noindent
-Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
-backslash, @code{\@{}.
-
-
@node \sqrt
@subsection @code{\sqrt}
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