texlive[47497] Master/texmf-dist: babel (25apr18)
commits+karl at tug.org
commits+karl at tug.org
Mon Apr 30 01:29:21 CEST 2018
Revision: 47497
http://tug.org/svn/texlive?view=revision&revision=47497
Author: karl
Date: 2018-04-30 01:29:20 +0200 (Mon, 30 Apr 2018)
Log Message:
-----------
babel (25apr18)
Modified Paths:
--------------
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/README.md
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/babel.pdf
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.dtx
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.ins
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/bbcompat.dtx
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/locale.zip
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic-r.lua
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/hyphen.cfg
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-DZ.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-SY.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/as/babel-as.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bn/babel-bn.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bo/babel-bo.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/brx/babel-brx.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ckb/babel-ckb.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dz/babel-dz.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/fa/babel-fa.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/gu/babel-gu.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/km/babel-km.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kn/babel-kn.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kok/babel-kok.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ks/babel-ks.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lo/babel-lo.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lrc/babel-lrc.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ml/babel-ml.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mr/babel-mr.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/my/babel-my.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mzn/babel-mzn.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ne/babel-ne.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/or/babel-or.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Arab.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Guru.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ps/babel-ps.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ta/babel-ta.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/te/babel-te.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/th/babel-th.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ug/babel-ug.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ur/babel-ur.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/uz/babel-uz-Arab.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Latn.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Vaii.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/yue/babel-yue.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-HK.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-MO.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-SG.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-HK.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-MO.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh.ini
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/luababel.def
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/nil.ldf
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/switch.def
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/xebabel.def
Added Paths:
-----------
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel20180419.dtx
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic.lua
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.log
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dsb/babel-dsb.log
trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.log
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/README.md
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/README.md 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/README.md 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## Babel 3.18
+## Babel 3.19
This package manages culturally-determined typographical (and other)
rules, and hyphenation patterns for a wide range of languages. Many
@@ -64,6 +64,16 @@
### New
```
+3.19 - Most changes are for luatex:
+ . The main new feature is a bidi method for both implicit L in
+ R text, and implicit R in L text, with the possibility of
+ switching the font automatically. Still somewhat
+ experimental, but it should work in most cases.
+ . layout=extras for a couple of miscellaneous readjustments.
+ . bidi equation numbers.
+ - Also, for all engines, new field in some ini files:
+ digits.native (to be used in future releases).
+
3.18 - More bidi in luatex: captions (required only in multilingual
docs) and tabular (required for R tables). Also an experimental
support for captions in xetex and pdftex (tabular is not yet
@@ -118,5 +128,5 @@
```
Javier Bezos
-2018/02/14
+2018/04/25
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/babel/babel.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.dtx
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.dtx 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.dtx 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
%%
%% Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Javier Bezos and Johannes L. Braams.
%% Copyright (C) 1989-2012 Johannes L. Braams and
-%% any individual authors listed elsewhere in this file.
+%% any individual authors listed elsewhere in this file.
%% All rights reserved.
%%
%% This file is part of the Babel system.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
%
% \iffalse
%<*filedriver>
-\ProvidesFile{babel.dtx}[2018/02/14 v3.18 The Babel package]
+\ProvidesFile{babel.dtx}[2018/04/25 v3.19 The Babel package]
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\GetFileInfo{babel.dtx}
\usepackage{fontspec}
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
\newtheorem{warning}{Warning}
\newtheorem{note}{Note}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}
+\newtheorem{troubleshooting}{Troubleshooting}
\let\bblxv\verbatim
\let\bblexv\endverbatim
\def\verbatim{\begin{shaded*}\bblxv\vskip-\baselineskip\vskip2.5\parsep}
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@
be kept in mind that they were designed for American tastes and
typography. At one time they even contained a number of hard-wired
texts.
-
+
This manual describes \babel{}, a package that makes use of the
capabilities of \TeX\ version 3 and, to some extent, \xetex{} and
\luatex, to provide an environment in which documents can be typeset
@@ -256,8 +257,8 @@
addition, you may want to set the font and input encodings.
\begin{example}
- Here is a simple full example for “traditional” \TeX{} engines (see
- below for \xetex{} and \luatex{}). The packages |fontenc| and
+ Here is a simple full example for “traditional” \TeX{} engines
+ (see below for \xetex{} and \luatex{}). The packages |fontenc| and
|inputenc| do not belong to \babel, but they are included in the
example because typically you will need them:
\begin{verbatim}
@@ -275,10 +276,15 @@
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}
-\begin{warning}
-A common source of trouble is a wrong setting of the input
-encoding. Make sure you set the encoding actually used by your editor.
-\end{warning}
+\begin{troubleshooting}
+\trouble{Paragraph ended before \textbackslash UTFviii at three@octets was complete}
+A common source of trouble is a wrong setting of the input encoding.
+Very often you will get the following somewhat cryptic error:
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Paragraph ended before \UTFviii at three@octets was complete.
+\end{verbatim}
+Make sure you set the encoding actually used by your editor.
+\end{troubleshooting}
Another approach is making the language (\Lopt{french} in the example)
a global option in order to let other packages detect and use it:
@@ -303,6 +309,26 @@
specific languages for further info.
\end{note}
+\begin{troubleshooting}
+ The following warning is about hyphenation patterns, which are
+ not under the direct control of \babel:
+\trouble{No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for (babel) the
+ language `LANG' into the format}
+\begin{verbatim}
+Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
+(babel) the language `LANG' into the format.
+(babel) Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
+(babel) rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
+(babel) preloaded for \language=0 instead on input line 57.
+\end{verbatim}
+ The document will be typeset, but very likely the text will not be
+ correctly hyphenated. Some languages may be raising this warning
+ wrongly (because they are not hyphenated); it is a bug to be fixed
+ -- just ignore it. See the manual of your distribution (Mac\TeX,
+ Mik\TeX, \TeX Live, etc.) for further info about how to configure
+ it.
+\end{troubleshooting}
+
\subsection{Multilingual documents}
In multilingual documents, just use several options. The last one is
@@ -476,24 +502,6 @@
all, and therefore you removed it from the option list). In most
cases, the error vanishes when the document is typeset again, but in
more severe ones you will need to remove the |aux| file.
-
-\item The following warning is about hyphenation patterns, which are
- not under the direct control of \babel:
-\trouble{No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for (babel) the
- language `LANG' into the format}
-\begin{verbatim}
-Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
-(babel) the language `LANG' into the format.
-(babel) Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
-(babel) rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
-(babel) preloaded for \language=0 instead on input line 57.
-\end{verbatim}
- The document will be typeset, but very likely the text will not be
- correctly hyphenated. Some languages may be raising this warning
- wrongly (because they are not hyphenated); it is a bug to be fixed
- -- just ignore it. See the manual of your distribution (Mac\TeX,
- Mik\TeX, \TeX Live, etc.) for further info about how to configure
- it.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Plain}
@@ -522,7 +530,7 @@
The main language is selected automatically when the |document|
environment begins.
-\Describe\selectlanguage{\marg{language}}
+\Describe{\selectlanguage}{\marg{language}}
When a user wants to switch from one language to another he can
do so using the macro |\selectlanguage|. This macro takes the
language, defined previously by a language definition file, as
@@ -552,7 +560,7 @@
code with an additional grouping level.
\end{warning}
-\Describe\foreignlanguage{\marg{language}\marg{text}}
+\Describe{\foreignlanguage}{\marg{language}\marg{text}}
The command |\foreignlanguage| takes two arguments; the second
argument is a phrase to be typeset according to the rules of the
language named in its first one. This command (1) only switches the
@@ -593,41 +601,40 @@
This environment was originally intended for intermixing left-to-right
typesetting with right-to-left typesetting in engines not supporting a
-change in the writing direction inside a line. However, by default it never
-complied with the documented behavior and it is just a version as
+change in the writing direction inside a line. However, by default it
+never complied with the documented behavior and it is just a version as
environment of |\foreignlanguage|.
\Describe{\begin\menv{hyphenrules}}{\marg{language}\Eenv{hyphenrules}}
-The environment \Lenv{hyphenrules} can be used to select \emph{only}
-the hyphenation rules to be used (it can be used as command,
-too). This can for instance be used to select `nohyphenation',
-provided that in \file{language.dat} the `language'
-\textsf{nohyphenation} is defined by loading \file{zerohyph.tex}. It
-deactivates language shorthands, too (but not user shorthands).
+The environment \Lenv{hyphenrules} can be used to select \emph{only} the
+hyphenation rules to be used (it can be used as command, too). This can
+for instance be used to select `nohyphenation', provided that in
+\file{language.dat} the `language' \textsf{nohyphenation} is defined by
+loading \file{zerohyph.tex}. It deactivates language shorthands, too
+(but not user shorthands).
Except for these simple uses, |hyphenrules| is discouraged and
-|otherlanguage*| (the starred version) is preferred, as the former
-does not take into account possible changes in encodings of characters
-like, say, |'| done by some languages (eg, \textsf{italian},
-\textsf{french}, \textsf{ukraineb}). To set hyphenation exceptions,
-use |\babelhyphenation| (see below).
+|otherlanguage*| (the starred version) is preferred, as the former does
+not take into account possible changes in encodings of characters like,
+say, |'| done by some languages (eg, \textsf{italian}, \textsf{french},
+\textsf{ukraineb}). To set hyphenation exceptions, use
+|\babelhyphenation| (see below).
\subsection{More on selection}
-\Describe\babeltags{\char`\{\m{tag1} \texttt{=} \m{language1}, \m{tag2}
+\Describe{\babeltags}{\char`\{\m{tag1} \texttt{=} \m{language1}, \m{tag2}
\texttt{=} \m{language2}, \dots\char`\}}
-\New{3.9i} In multilingual documents with many language switches
-the commands above can be cumbersome. With this tool shorter names can
-be defined. It adds nothing really new -- it is just syntactical
-sugar.
+\New{3.9i} In multilingual documents with many language switches the
+commands above can be cumbersome. With this tool shorter names can be
+defined. It adds nothing really new -- it is just syntactical sugar.
It defines |\text|\m{tag1}\marg{text} to be
|\foreignlanguage|\marg{language1}\marg{text}, and |\begin|\marg{tag1}
to be |\begin{otherlanguage*}|\marg{language1}, and so on. Note
|\|\m{tag1} is also allowed, but remember to set it locally inside a
-group.
+group.
\begin{example}
With
\begin{verbatim}
@@ -659,7 +666,7 @@
|\foreignlanguage| is).
\end{note}
-\Describe\babelensure{|[include=|\m{commands}|,exclude=|\m{commands}%
+\Describe{\babelensure}{|[include=|\m{commands}|,exclude=|\m{commands}%
|,fontenc=|\m{encoding}|]|\marg{language}}
\New{3.9i} Except in a few languages, like \textsf{russian},
@@ -2205,7 +2212,8 @@
There are some package options controlling bidi writing.
-\Describe{bidi=}{\texttt{default} $\string|$ \texttt{basic-r}}
+\Describe{bidi=}{\texttt{default} $\string|$ \texttt{basic-r}
+ $\string|$ \texttt{basic}}
\New{3.14} Selects the bidi algorithm to be used. With |default| the
bidi mechanism is just activated (by default it is not), but every
@@ -2212,6 +2220,10 @@
change must by marked up. In \xetex{} and \pdftex{} this is the only
option. In \luatex, |basic-r| provides a simple and fast method for R
text, which handles numbers and unmarked L text within an R context.
+\New{3.19} Finally, |basic| suports both L and R text (see
+\ref{bidibasic}). (They are named \texttt{basic} mainly because they
+only consider the intrinsic direction of scripts and weak
+directionality.)
\begin{example}
The following text comes from the Arabic Wikipedia (article about
@@ -2258,57 +2270,87 @@
\texttt{contents} $\string|$
\texttt{footnotes} $\string|$
\texttt{captions} $\string|$
- \texttt{columns}}
+ \texttt{columns} $\string|$
+ \texttt{extras}}
-\New{3.16} \textit{To be expanded}. Selects which layout elements are
-adapted in bidi documents. You may use several options with a
-comma-separated list (eg, |layout=counters.contents.sectioning|). This
-list will be expanded in future releases (tables, captions,
-etc.). Note not all options are required by all engines.
+\New{3.16} \textit{To be expanded}. Selects which layout elements are
+adapted in bidi documents, including some text elements. You may use
+several options with a comma-separated list (eg,
+|layout=counters.contents.sectioning|). This list will be expanded in
+future releases (tables, captions, etc.). Note not all options are
+required by all engines.
\begin{description}
\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
\hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\color{thered}#1}
\itemsep=-\parskip
+
\item[sectioning] makes sure the sectioning macros are typeset in the
main language, but with the title text in the current language (see
- below |\BabelPatchSection| for further details);
-\item[counters] required in all engines to reorder correctly section
- numbers and the like (eg, \m{subsection}.\m{section}); required in
- \xetex{} and \pdftex{} for counters in general, as well as in
- \luatex{} with |bidi=default|; required in \luatex{} for numeric
- footnote marks $>$9;
-\item[lists] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{}, but only in
- multilingual documents in \luatex{};
+ below |\BabelPatchSection| for further details).
+
+\item[counters] required in all engines (except \luatex{} with
+ |bidi=basic|) to reorder section numbers and the like (eg,
+ \m{subsection}.\m{section}); required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} for
+ counters in general, as well as in \luatex{} with |bidi=default|;
+ required in \luatex{} for numeric footnote marks $>$9 with
+ |bidi=basic-r| (but \textit{not} with |bidi=basic|); note, however,
+ it could depend on the counter format.
+
+ With |counters|, |\arabic| is not only considered L text always (with
+ |\babelsublr|, see below), but also an ``isolated'' block which does
+ not interact with the surrounding chars. So, while |1.2| in R text is
+ rendered in that order with |bidi=basic| (as a decimal number), in
+ |\arabic{c1}.\arabic{c2}| the visual order is \textit{c2.c1}. Of
+ course, you may always adjust the order by changing the language, if
+ necessary.\footnote{Next on the roadmap are counters and numeral
+ systems in general. Expect some minor readjustments.}
+
+\item[lists] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{}, but only in
+ multilingual documents in \luatex{}.
+
\item[contents] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{}; in \luatex{}
- toc entries are R by default if the main language is R;
+ toc entries are R by default if the main language is R.
+
\item[columns] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} to reverse the
column order (currently only the standard two column mode); in
\luatex{} they are R by default if the main language is R (including
- \textsf{multicol});
+ \textsf{multicol}).
+
\item[footnotes] not required in monolingual documents, but it may be
useful in multilingual documents in all engines; you may use
alternatively |\BabelFootnote| described below (what this options
does exactly is also explained there).
+
\item[captions] is similar to |sectioning|, but for |\caption|; not
required in monolingual documents with \luatex{}, but may be
required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} in some styles (support for the
- latter two engines is still experimental); \New{3.18}
+ latter two engines is still experimental) \New{3.18}.
+
\item[tabular] required in \luatex{} for R |tabular| (it has been
tested only with simple tables, so expect some readjustments in the
future); ignored in \pdftex{} or \xetex{} (which will not support a
- similar option in the short term). \New{3.18}
+ similar option in the short term) \New{3.18},
+
+\item[extras] is used for miscelaneous readjustments which do not fit into
+ the previous groups. Currently redefines in \luatex{} |\underline| and
+ |LaTeX2e| \New{3.19}.
\end{description}
\Describe{\babelsublr}{\marg{lr-text}}
-Digits in \pdftex{} must be marked up explicitly (unlike \luatex{}
-with |bidi=basic-r| and, usually, \xetex{}). Mainly for it (although
-available in all engines, because it can be useful), this command is
-provided to set \marg{lr-text} in L mode. It's intended for what
-Unicode calls weak characters, because words are best set with the
+Digits in \pdftex{} must be marked up explicitly (unlike \luatex{} with
+|bidi=basic-r| and, usually, \xetex{}). This command is provided to set
+\marg{lr-text} in L mode if necessary. It's intended for what Unicode
+calls weak characters, because words are best set with the
corresponding language. For this reason, there is no |rl| counterpart.
+Any |\babelsublr| in \textit{explicit} L mode is ignored. However, with
+|bidi=basic| and \textit{implicit} L, it first returns to R and then
+switches to explicit L. This is by design to provide the proper behaviour
+in the most usual cases — but if you need to use |\ref| in an L text
+inside R, it must be marked up explictly.
+
\Describe{\BabelPatchSection}{\marg{section-name}}
Mainly for bidi text, but it could be useful in other
@@ -2468,10 +2510,10 @@
\subsection{Languages supported by \babel}
-In the following table most of the languages supported by \babel\ are
-listed, together with the names of the option which you can load
-\babel\ with for each language. Note this list is open and the
-current options may be different. It does not include |ini| files.
+In the following table most of the languages supported by \babel{} with
+and |.ldf| file are listed, together with the names of the option which
+you can load \babel\ with for each language. Note this list is open and
+the current options may be different. It does not include |ini| files.
\begin{description}
\itemsep=-\parskip
@@ -2702,14 +2744,74 @@
``3.$^{\textrm{\scriptsize er}}$ \'{\i}tem'', and so on.
\subsection{Tentative and experimental code}
+\label{bidibasic}
-Handling of \textbf{``Unicode'' fonts} is problematic. There is
-\textsf{fontspec}, but special macros are required (not only the NFSS
-ones) and it doesn't provide ``orthogonal axis'' for features,
-including those related to the language (mainly language and
-script). A couple of tentative macros, were provided by \babel{}
-($\ge$3.9g) with a partial solution. These macros are now deprecated
--- use |\babelfont|.
+\textbf{Option \texttt{bidi=basic}}
+
+\New{3.19} With this package option \textit{both} L and R text can be
+mixed without explicit markup (the latter will be only necessary in
+some special cases where the Unicode algorithm fails). It is used much
+like |bidi=basic-r|, but with R text inside L text you may want to map
+the font so that the correct features are in force. This is accomplised
+with an option in |\babelprovide|, as illustrated:
+ \begingroup
+% If you are looking at the code to see how it has been written, you
+% will be disappointed :-). The following example is built ad hoc to
+% emulate the final result to avoid dependencies, and therefore it's
+% not "real" code.
+\setmonofont[Scale=.87,Script=Arabic]{DejaVu Sans Mono} \catcode`@=13
+\def@#1{\ifcase#1\relax \egroup \or \bgroup\textdir TRT \else
+\bgroup\textdir TLT \pardir TLT \fi}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{book}
+
+\usepackage[english, _bidi=basic_]{babel}
+
+\babelprovide[_mapfont=direction_]{arabic}
+
+\babelfont{rm}{Crimson}
+\babelfont[*arabic]{rm}{FreeSerif}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Most Arabic speakers consider the two varieties to be two registers
+of one language, although the two registers can be referred to in
+Arabic as @1فصحى العصر@0 \textit{fuṣḥā l-ʻaṣr} (MSA) and
+ at 1فصحى التراث@0 \textit{fuṣḥā t-turāth} (CA).
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+What |mapfont=direction| means is, ‘when a character has the same
+direction as the script for the “provided” language (|arabic| in
+this case), then change its font to that set for this language’ (here
+defined via |*arabic|, because Crimson does not provide Arabic
+letters).
+
+Boxes are “black boxes”. Numbers inside an |\hbox| (as for example
+in a |\ref|) do not know anything about the surrounding chars. So,
+|\ref{A}-\ref{B}| are not rendered in the visual order A-B, but in the
+wrong one B-A (because the hyphen does not “see” the digits inside the
+|\hbox|’es). If you need |\ref| ranges, the best option is to define
+a dedicated macro like this (to avoid explicit direction changes in the
+body; here |\texthe| must be defined to select the main language):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand\refrange[2]{\babelsublr{\texthe{\ref{#1}}-\texthe{\ref{#2}}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In a future a more complete method, reading recursively boxed text, may
+be added.
+
+There are samples on GitHub, under \texttt{/required/babel/samples}:
+|lua-bidibasic.tex| and |lua-secenum.tex|.
+
+\medskip
+\textbf{Old stuff}
+
+A couple of tentative macros were provided by \babel{} ($\ge$3.9g) with
+a partial solution for ``Unicode'' fonts. These macros are now
+deprecated --- use |\babelfont|. A short description follows, for
+reference:
\begin{itemize}
\item |\babelFSstore|\marg{babel-language} sets the current three
basic families (rm, sf, tt) as the default for the language
@@ -2726,11 +2828,12 @@
\babelFSfeatures{turkish}{Language=Turkish}
\end{verbatim}
-\textbf{Bidi writing} is taking its \textit{first steps}.
-\textit{First steps} means exactly that. For example, in \luatex{} any
-Arabic text must be marked up explicitly in L mode. On the other hand,
-\xetex{} poses quite different challenges. Document layout (lists,
-footnotes, etc.) is not touched at all.
+\medskip
+\textbf{Bidi writing} in \luatex{} is under development, but a basic
+implementation is almost finished. On the other hand, in \xetex{} it is
+taking its first steps. The latter engine poses quite different
+challenges. An option to manage document layout in \luatex{} (lists,
+footnotes, etc.) is almost finished, but \xetex{} required more work.
See the code section for |\foreignlanguage*| (a new starred version of
|\foreignlanguage|).
@@ -3449,7 +3552,6 @@
(which are the default in both \xetex{} and \luatex{}) -- if an
assignment is wrong, fix it directly.
-
\section{Changes}
\subsection{Changes in \babel\ version 3.9}
@@ -3635,15 +3737,15 @@
% little bit of literate programming.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-%<<version=3.18>>
-%<<date=2018/02/14>>
+%<<version=3.19>>
+%<<date=2018/04/25>>
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Tools}
%
-% \textbf{Do not use the following macros in ldf files. They may
-% change in the future}. This applies mainly to those recently added
-% for replacing, trimming and looping. The older ones, like
+% \textbf{Do not use the following macros in \texttt{ldf} files. They
+% may change in the future}. This applies mainly to those recently
+% added for replacing, trimming and looping. The older ones, like
% |\bbl at afterfi|, will not change.
%
% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/22}{Added new helper macros. Not all are
@@ -4056,6 +4158,9 @@
% To be improved. Moved showlanguages before base}
% \changes{babel~3.18}{2018/02/14}{Fix - prevent doble input of
% switch.def}
+% \changes{babel~3.19}{2018/04/23}{Split callback - vertical and
+% horizontal}
+% \changes{babel~3.19}{2018/04/23}{Added bidi=basic, here and passim}
%
% \begin{macrocode}
%<*package>
@@ -4100,23 +4205,49 @@
\bbl at languages
\fi
\ifodd\bbl at engine
- \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic-r}{% must go before any \DeclareOption
+ \def\bbl at loadbidi#1{%
\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
\AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
\RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
\directlua{
require('babel-bidi.lua')
- require('babel-bidi-basic-r.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-#1.lua')
luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
- Babel.pre_otfload,
- 'Babel.pre_otfload',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
- Babel.pre_otfload,
- 'Babel.pre_otfload',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
- 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)}}{}
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\relax
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic}}%
+ {\@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic-r}}%
+ {}}
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax\else
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
+ \RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
+ \directlua{
+ require('babel-bidi.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-\bbl at tempa.lua')
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }
+ \fi
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
@@ -4584,6 +4715,7 @@
You shouldn't try to proceed from here, type x to quit.}
\fi
%</package>
+%<*core>
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The kernel of Babel (\texttt{babel.def}, common)}
@@ -4631,7 +4763,6 @@
% \changes{babel~3.9q}{2016/02/12}{Load lua patterns if not lualatex.}
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-%<*core>
\ifx\ldf at quit\@undefined
\else
\expandafter\endinput
@@ -7479,9 +7610,10 @@
% dates. Some refactoring in the ini reader.}
% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{New keys script, language}
% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{Make sure ensuring works even before
-% the language is selected}
+% the language is selected}
+% \changes{babel~3.19}{2018/04/23}{New option - mapfont. Currently
+% only with direction}
%
-%
% \begin{macrocode}
\bbl at trace{Creating languages and reading ini files}
\newcommand\babelprovide[2][]{%
@@ -7494,6 +7626,7 @@
\let\bbl at KVP@language\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@dir\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil
\bbl at forkv{#1}{\bbl at csarg\def{KVP@##1}{##2}}% TODO - error handling
\ifx\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@captions\bbl at KVP@import
@@ -7521,6 +7654,28 @@
\ifx\bbl at KVP@language\@nil\else
\bbl at csarg\edef{lname@#2}{\bbl at KVP@language}%
\fi
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil\else
+ \bbl at ifsamestring{\bbl at KVP@mapfont}{direction}{}%
+ {\bbl at error{Option `\bbl at KVP@mapfont' unknown for\\%
+ mapfont. Use `direction'.%
+ {See the manual for details.}}}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at wdir@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@dirs{\languagename}}{}%
+ \ifx\bbl at mapselect\@undefined
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add\csname selectfont \endcsname{{\bbl at mapselect}}%
+ {\selectfont}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapselect{%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
+ \edef\bbl at prefontid{\fontid\font}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapdir##1{%
+ {\def\languagename{##1}\bbl at switchfont
+ \directlua{Babel.fontmap
+ [\the\csname bbl at wdir@##1\endcsname]%
+ [\bbl at prefontid]=\fontid\font}}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at exp{\\\bbl at add\\\bbl at mapselect{\\\bbl at mapdir{\languagename}}}%
+ \fi
\let\languagename\bbl at savelangname}
% \end{macrocode}
%
@@ -7707,8 +7862,8 @@
\bbl at exportkey{lfthm}{typography.lefthyphenmin}{2}%
\bbl at exportkey{rgthm}{typography.righthyphenmin}{3}%
\bbl at exportkey{hyphr}{typography.hyphenrules}{}%
- \def\bbl at tempa{0.9}%
- \bbl at csarg\ifx{@kv at identification.version}\bbl at tempa
+ \bbl at xin@{0.9}{\@nameuse{bbl@@kv at identification.version}}%
+ \ifin@
\bbl at warning{%
The `\languagename' date format may not be suitable\\%
for proper typesetting, and therefore it very likely will\\%
@@ -8782,6 +8937,7 @@
\ifodd\bbl at engine % luatex=1
\AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
\DisableBabelHook{babel-bidi}
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir\z@
\def\bbl at getluadir#1{%
\directlua{
if tex.#1dir == 'TLT' then
@@ -8789,7 +8945,7 @@
elseif tex.#1dir == 'TRT' then
tex.sprint('1')
end}}
- \def\bbl at setdir#1#2#3{% 1=text/par.. 2=\textdir.. 3=0 lr/1 rl
+ \def\bbl at setluadir#1#2#3{% 1=text/par.. 2=\textdir.. 3=0 lr/1 rl
\ifcase#3\relax
\ifcase\bbl at getluadir{#1}\relax\else
#2 TLT\relax
@@ -8800,11 +8956,12 @@
\fi
\fi}
\def\bbl at textdir#1{%
- \bbl at setdir{text}\textdir{#1}% TODO - ?\linedir
- \setattribute\bbl at attr@dir{#1}}
- \def\bbl at pardir{\bbl at setdir{par}\pardir}
- \def\bbl at bodydir{\bbl at setdir{body}\bodydir}
- \def\bbl at pagedir{\bbl at setdir{page}\pagedir}
+ \bbl at setluadir{text}\textdir{#1}% TODO - ?\linedir
+ \setattribute\bbl at attr@dir{\numexpr\bbl at thepardir*3+#1}}
+ \def\bbl at pardir#1{\bbl at setluadir{par}\pardir{#1}%
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir#1\relax}
+ \def\bbl at bodydir{\bbl at setluadir{body}\bodydir}
+ \def\bbl at pagedir{\bbl at setluadir{page}\pagedir}
\def\bbl at dirparastext{\pardir\the\textdir\relax}% %%%%
\else % pdftex=0, xetex=2
\AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
@@ -8884,7 +9041,7 @@
% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{New macro \cs{babelsublr}}
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-\DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{\leavevmode{\bbl at textdir\z@#1}}
+ \DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{\leavevmode{\bbl at textdir\z@#1}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Local Language Configuration}
@@ -8931,6 +9088,7 @@
\if at nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi}
\fi
%</core>
+%<*kernel>
% \end{macrocode}%
% \end{macro}
%
@@ -8942,7 +9100,6 @@
% counter.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-%<*kernel>
<@Make sure ProvidesFile is defined@>
\ProvidesFile{switch.def}[<@date@> <@version@> Babel switching mechanism]
<@Load macros for plain if not LaTeX@>
@@ -9222,7 +9379,8 @@
{Unknown language `#1'. Either you have\\%
misspelled its name, it has not been installed,\\%
or you requested it in a previous run. Fix its name,\\%
- install it or just rerun the file, respectively}%
+ install it or just rerun the file, respectively. In\\%
+ some cases, you may need to remove the aux file}%
{You may proceed, but expect wrong results}%
\else
\let\bbl at select@type\z@
@@ -9801,6 +9959,7 @@
preloaded for \bbl at nulllanguage\space instead}}
\let\bbl at usehooks\@gobbletwo
%</kernel>
+%<*patterns>
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \end{macro}
@@ -9864,7 +10023,6 @@
% is dumped.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-%<*patterns>
<@Make sure ProvidesFile is defined@>
\ProvidesFile{hyphen.cfg}[<@date@> <@version@> Babel hyphens]
\xdef\bbl at format{\jobname}
@@ -10254,6 +10412,8 @@
%<<*More package options>>
\ifodd\bbl at engine
\DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
{\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
\newattribute\bbl at attr@dir
\bbl at exp{\output{\bodydir\pagedir\the\output}}%
@@ -10260,8 +10420,10 @@
\AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}}
\else
\DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
{\bbl at error
- {The bidi method `basic-r' is available only in\\%
+ {The bidi method `basic' is available only in\\%
luatex. I'll continue with `bidi=default', so\\%
expect wrong results}%
{See the manual for further details.}%
@@ -10347,9 +10509,10 @@
\<bbl@##1dflt@*\bbl at tempa>}}}%
{}}% 1=T - language, already defined
\def\bbl at tempa{%
- \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family.\\%
- Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining\\%
- a new family with \string\babelfont,}}%
+ \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family:\\%
+ \fontname\font\\%
+ Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining a\\%
+ new family with \string\babelfont. Reported}}%
\bbl at foreach\bbl at font@fams{% don't gather with prev for
\bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@\languagename}%
{\bbl at cs{famrst@##1}%
@@ -10367,20 +10530,25 @@
%
% When there are repeated keys in \textsf{fontspec}, the last value
% wins. So, we just place the ini settings at the beginning, and user
-% settings will take precedence.
+% settings will take precedence. We must deactivate temporarily
+% |\bbl at mapselect| because |\selectfont| is called internally when a
+% font is defined.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang \rmdefault \rmfamily
\bbl at xin@{<>}{#1}%
\ifin@
\bbl at exp{\\\bbl at fontspec@set\\#1\expandafter\@gobbletwo#1}%
\fi
\bbl at exp{%
- \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rm1dflt@lang}
+ \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rmdflt@lang}
\\\bbl at ifsamestring{#2}{\f at family}{\\#3\let\\\bbl at tempa\relax}{}}}
-\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang fnt-opt fnt-nme
+ \let\bbl at tempe\bbl at mapselect
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
\bbl at exp{\<fontspec_set_family:Nnn>\\#1%
{\bbl at cs{lsys@\languagename},#2}}{#3}%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\bbl at tempe
\bbl at toglobal#1}%
% \end{macrocode}
%
@@ -11170,9 +11338,16 @@
%
% \changes{3.18}{2018/02/14}{\cs{bbl at nextfake}, similar to the old
% \cs{nextfakemath} in Omega}
+% \changes{3.19}{2018/04/23}{Patch \cs{@eqnnum}, somewhat ad hoc. To be
+% improved.}
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\bbl at trace{Redefinitions for bidi layout}
+\ifx\@eqnnum\@undefined\else
+ \edef\@eqnnum{{%
+ \unexpanded{\ifcase\bbl at attr@dir\else\bbl at textdir\@ne\fi}%
+ \unexpanded\expandafter{\@eqnnum}}}
+\fi
\ifx\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil\endinput\fi % if no layout
\ifx\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode % A poor test for bidi=
\def\bbl at nextfake#1{%
@@ -11201,7 +11376,7 @@
\fi
\IfBabelLayout{tabular}
{\def\@tabular{%
- \leavevmode\hbox\bgroup\bbl at nextfake$%
+ \leavevmode\hbox\bgroup\bbl at nextfake$% %$
\let\@acol\@tabacol \let\@classz\@tabclassz
\let\@classiv\@tabclassiv \let\\\@tabularcr\@tabarray}}
{}
@@ -11245,7 +11420,7 @@
{\def\@textsuperscript#1{{% lua has separate settings for math
\m at th
\mathdir\pagedir % required with basic-r; ok with default, too
- \ensuremath {^{\mbox {\fontsize \sf at size \z@ #1}}}}}%
+ \ensuremath{^{\mbox {\fontsize \sf at size \z@ #1}}}}}%
\let\bbl at latinarabic=\@arabic
\def\@arabic#1{\babelsublr{\bbl at latinarabic#1}}%
\@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=default}%
@@ -11261,6 +11436,25 @@
\BabelFootnote\localfootnote\languagename{}{}%
\BabelFootnote\mainfootnote{}{}{}}
{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Some \LaTeX{} macros use internally the math mode for text
+% formatting. They have very little in common and are grouped here, as
+% a single option.
+%
+% \changes{3.19}{2018/04/23}{New option extras for layout}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\IfBabelLayout{extras}%
+ {\def\underline#1{%
+ \relax
+ \ifmmode\@@underline{#1}%
+ \else\bbl at nextfake$\@@underline{\hbox{#1}}\m at th$\relax\fi}%
+ \DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeXe}{\mbox{\m at th
+ \if b\expandafter\@car\f at series\@nil\boldmath\fi
+ \babelsublr{%
+ \LaTeX\kern.15em2\bbl at nextfake$_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}}}}
+ {}
%</luatex>
% \end{macrocode}
%
@@ -17421,7 +17615,19 @@
node.insert_after(head, to, d)
end
-function Babel.pre_otfload(head)
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar)
local first_n, last_n -- first and last char with nums
local last_es -- an auxiliary 'last' used with nums
local first_d, last_d -- first and last char in L/R block
@@ -17450,7 +17656,7 @@
-- three cases: glyph, dir, otherwise
if item.id == node.id'glyph' then
-
+
local chardata = characters[item.char]
dir = chardata and chardata.d or nil
if not dir then
@@ -17649,6 +17855,351 @@
%</basic-r>
% \end{macrocode}
%
+% And here the Lua code for |bidi=basic|:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*basic>
+Babel = Babel or {}
+
+Babel.fontmap = Babel.fontmap or {}
+Babel.fontmap[0] = {} -- l
+Babel.fontmap[1] = {} -- r
+Babel.fontmap[2] = {} -- al/an
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head, gc, sz, pt, dir)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false, dir)
+ return head
+end
+
+require('babel-bidi.lua')
+
+local characters = Babel.characters
+local ranges = Babel.ranges
+
+local DIR = node.id('dir')
+local GLYPH = node.id('glyph')
+
+local function insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.sim and state.eim and state.sim ~= state.eim then
+ dir = ((outer == 'r') and 'TLT' or 'TRT') -- ie, reverse
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+' .. dir
+ node.insert_before(head, state.sim, d)
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-' .. dir
+ node.insert_after(head, state.eim, d)
+ end
+ new_state.sim, new_state.eim = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+local function insert_numeric(head, state)
+ local new
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.san and state.ean and state.san ~= state.ean then
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_before(head, state.san, d)
+ if state.san == state.sim then state.sim = new end
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_after(head, state.ean, d)
+ if state.ean == state.eim then state.eim = new end
+ end
+ new_state.san, new_state.ean = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+-- \hbox with an explicit dir can lead to wrong results
+-- <R \hbox dir TLT{<R>}> and <L \hbox dir TRT{<L>}>
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar, hdir)
+ local d -- d is used mainly for computations in a loop
+ local prev_d = ''
+ local new_d = false
+
+ local nodes = {}
+ local outer_first = nil
+
+ local has_en = false
+ local first_et = nil
+
+ local ATDIR = luatexbase.registernumber'bbl at attr@dir'
+
+ local save_outer
+ local temp = node.get_attribute(head, ATDIR)
+ if temp then
+ temp = temp % 3
+ save_outer = (temp == 0 and 'l') or
+ (temp == 1 and 'r') or
+ (temp == 2 and 'al')
+ elseif ispar then -- Or error? Shouldn't happen
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == tex.pardir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ else
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == hdir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ end
+ local outer = save_outer
+ local last = outer
+ -- 'al' is only taken into account in the first, current loop
+ if save_outer == 'al' then save_outer = 'r' end
+
+ local fontmap = Babel.fontmap
+
+ for item in node.traverse(head) do
+
+ -- In what follows, #node is the last (previous) node, because the
+ -- current one is not added until we start processing the neutrals.
+
+ -- three cases: glyph, dir, otherwise
+ if item.id == GLYPH then
+
+ local chardata = characters[item.char]
+ d = chardata and chardata.d or nil
+ if not d then
+ for nn, et in ipairs(ranges) do
+ if item.char < et[1] then
+ break
+ elseif item.char <= et[2] then
+ d = et[3]
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ d = d or 'l'
+
+ local temp = (d == 'l' and 0) or
+ (d == 'r' and 1) or
+ (d == 'al' and 2) or
+ (d == 'an' and 2) or nil
+ if temp and fontmap and fontmap[temp][item.font] then
+ item.font = fontmap[temp][item.font]
+ end
+
+ if new_d then
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+ attr_d = node.get_attribute(item, ATDIR)
+ attr_d = attr_d % 3
+ if attr_d == 1 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'r'
+ elseif attr_d == 2 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ else
+ outer_first = 'l'
+ last = 'l'
+ end
+ outer = last
+ has_en = false
+ first_et = nil
+ new_d = false
+ end
+
+ elseif item.id == DIR then
+ d = nil
+ new_d = true
+
+ else
+ d = nil
+ end
+
+ -- AL <= EN/ET/ES -- W2 + W3 + W6
+ if last == 'al' and d == 'en' then
+ d = 'an' -- W3
+ elseif last == 'al' and (d == 'et' or d == 'es') then
+ d = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+
+ -- EN + CS/ES + EN -- W4
+ if d == 'en' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'es' or nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'en' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'en'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- AN + CS + AN -- W4 too, because uax9 mixes both cases
+ if d == 'an' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'an' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'an'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- ET/EN -- W5 + W7->l / W6->on
+ if d == 'et' then
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif d == 'en' then
+ has_en = true
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif first_et then -- d may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ first_et = nil
+ has_en = false
+ end
+
+ if d then
+ if d == 'al' then
+ d = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ elseif d == 'l' or d == 'r' then
+ last = d
+ end
+ prev_d = d
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, d, outer_first})
+ else
+ -- Not sure about the following. Looks too 'ad hoc', but it's
+ -- required for numbers, so that 89 19 becomes 19 89. It also
+ -- affects n+cs/es+n.
+ if prev_d == 'an' or prev_d == 'en' then
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, 'on', nil})
+ end
+ end
+
+ outer_first = nil
+
+ end
+
+ -- TODO -- repeated here in case EN/ET is the last node. Find a
+ -- better way of doing things:
+ if first_et then -- dir may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- dummy node, to close things
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+
+ --------------- NEUTRAL -----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local first_on = nil
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+ local item
+
+ local outer_first = nodes[q][3]
+ outer = outer_first or outer
+ last = outer_first or last
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'en' then d = 'r' end
+ if d == 'cs' or d == 'et' or d == 'es' then d = 'on' end --- W6
+
+ if d == 'on' then
+ first_on = first_on or q
+ elseif first_on then
+ if last == d then
+ temp = d
+ else
+ temp = outer
+ end
+ for r = first_on, q - 1 do
+ nodes[r][2] = temp
+ item = nodes[r][1] -- MIRRORING
+ if item.id == GLYPH and temp == 'r' then
+ item.char = characters[item.char].m or item.char
+ end
+ end
+ first_on = nil
+ end
+
+ if d == 'r' or d == 'l' then last = d end
+ end
+
+ -------------- IMPLICIT, REORDER ----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local state = {}
+ state.has_r = false
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+
+ local item = nodes[q][1]
+
+ outer = nodes[q][3] or outer
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+
+ if d == 'nsm' then d = last end -- W1
+ if d == 'en' then d = 'an' end
+ local isdir = (d == 'r' or d == 'l')
+
+ if outer == 'l' and d == 'an' then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ elseif state.san then
+ head, state = insert_numeric(head, state)
+ end
+
+ if outer == 'l' then
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'r' then -- im -> implicit
+ if d == 'r' then state.has_r = true end
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'l' and state.sim and state.has_r then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'l' then
+ state.sim, state.eim, state.has_r = nil, nil, false
+ end
+ else
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'l' then
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'r' and state.sim then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'r' then
+ state.sim, state.eim = nil, nil
+ end
+ end
+
+ if isdir then
+ last = d -- Don't search back - best save now
+ elseif d == 'on' and state.san then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ end
+
+ end
+
+ return node.prev(head) or head
+end
+%</basic>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
% \section{The `nil' language}
%
% This `language' does nothing, except setting the hyphenation patterns to
@@ -18305,4 +18856,3 @@
% coding: utf-8
% TeX-engine: luatex
% End:
-
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.ins
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.ins 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel.ins 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
%%
-\def\filedate{2018/02/14}
+\def\filedate{2018/04/25}
\def\batchfile{babel.ins}
\input docstrip.tex
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@
\nopostamble
\generate{\file{babel-bidi.lua}{\from{babel.dtx}{bidi}}}
\generate{\file{babel-bidi-basic-r.lua}{\from{babel.dtx}{basic-r}}}
+\generate{\file{babel-bidi-basic.lua}{\from{babel.dtx}{basic}}}
\Msg{***********************************************************}
\Msg{*}
Added: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel20180419.dtx
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel20180419.dtx (rev 0)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel20180419.dtx 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -0,0 +1,18830 @@
+% \iffalse
+% This document requires lualatex
+%%
+%% Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Javier Bezos and Johannes L. Braams.
+%% Copyright (C) 1989-2012 Johannes L. Braams and
+%% any individual authors listed elsewhere in this file.
+%% All rights reserved.
+%%
+%% This file is part of the Babel system.
+%% --------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%%
+%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Javier Bezos.
+%%
+%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+%% extension |.ins|) which are part of the distribution.
+%%
+% \fi
+%
+% \CheckSum{5011}
+%
+% \iffalse
+%<*filedriver>
+\ProvidesFile{babel.dtx}[2018/04/25 v3.19 The Babel package]
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\GetFileInfo{babel.dtx}
+\usepackage{fontspec}
+\setmainfont[Scale=.88]{Noto Serif}
+\setsansfont[Scale=.88]{Noto Sans}
+\setmonofont[Scale=.88,FakeStretch=.95]{Noto Mono}
+\raggedright
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{25pt}
+\addtolength{\textheight}{3.5cm}
+\addtolength{\topmargin}{-2cm}
+\font\manual=logo10 % font used for the METAFONT logo, etc.
+\newcommand*\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
+\newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}}
+\newcommand*\Babel{\textsf{Babel}}
+\newcommand*\xetex{\textsf{xetex}}
+\newcommand*\pdftex{\textsf{pdftex}}
+\newcommand*\luatex{\textsf{luatex}}
+\newcommand*\nb[1]{}
+\newcommand*\m[1]{\mbox{$\langle$\normalfont\itshape#1\/$\rangle$}}
+\newcommand*\langlist{%
+ \meta{language}\texttt{,}\meta{language}\texttt{,}...}
+\newcommand*\langvar{\m{lang}}
+\newcommand*\Lopt[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand*\Lenv[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*\menv[1]{\char`\{#1\char`\}}
+\newcommand*\Eenv[1]{%
+ \quad\ldots\quad
+ \texttt{\color{thered}\string\end\menv{#1}}}
+\newcommand*\file[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*\cls[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*\pkg[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{1em}
+\setlength{\leftmargini}{1.5em}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{color,colortbl}
+\usepackage[linkbordercolor={.9 .7 .5}]{hyperref}
+\newcommand\New[1]{%
+ \colorbox[rgb]{.92, .86, .73}{New #1}\enspace\ignorespaces}
+\definecolor{thered} {rgb}{0.65,0.04,0.07}
+\definecolor{thegrey} {gray}{0.8}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{1,1,0.97}
+\definecolor{messages}{rgb}{.66,.13,.27}
+\makeatletter
+\def\@begintheorem#1#2{%
+ \list{}{}%
+ \global\advance\@listdepth\m at ne
+ \item[{\sffamily\bfseries\color{messages}\hspace*{1.3em}%
+ \MakeUppercase{#1}}]}%
+\makeatother
+\newtheorem{warning}{Warning}
+\newtheorem{note}{Note}
+\newtheorem{example}{Example}
+\newtheorem{troubleshooting}{Troubleshooting}
+\let\bblxv\verbatim
+\let\bblexv\endverbatim
+\def\verbatim{\begin{shaded*}\bblxv\vskip-\baselineskip\vskip2.5\parsep}
+\def\endverbatim{\bblexv\vskip-2\baselineskip\end{shaded*}}
+\catcode`\_=\active
+\def_{\bgroup\let_\egroup\color{thered}}
+\def\MacroFont{\fontencoding \encodingdefault \fontfamily\ttdefault
+ \fontseries\mddefault \fontshape\updefault \small \catcode`\_=\active}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.96,0.96,0.93}
+\def\PrintDescribeMacro#1{%
+ \strut\MacroFont\color{thered}\normalsize\string#1}
+\def\Describe#1{%
+ \par\penalty-500\vskip3ex\noindent
+ \DescribeMacro{#1}\args}
+\def\DescribeOther{\vskip-4ex\Describe}
+\makeatletter
+\def\trouble#1{\addcontentsline{tsh}{trouble}{#1}}
+\def\listoftroubles{\section*{Troubleshoooting}\@starttoc{tsh}}
+\let\l at trouble\l at figure
+\let\saved at check@percent\check at percent
+\let\check at percent\relax
+\def\args#1{%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\@empty\else#1\vskip1ex\fi\ignorespaces}
+\begingroup % Changes to ltxdoc
+ \catcode`\<\active
+ \catcode`\>\active
+ \gdef\check at plus@etc{%
+ \let\bbl at next\pm at module
+ \ifx*\next
+ \let\bbl at next\star at module
+ \else\ifx/\next
+ \let\bbl at next\slash at module
+ \else\ifx<\next
+ \let\bbl at next\var at module
+ \fi\fi\fi
+ \bbl at next}
+ \gdef\var at module#1#2#3>>{%
+ $\langle$\pm at module#2#3>$\rangle$%
+ \ifx*#2\ $\equiv$\fi}
+\endgroup
+\renewcommand*\l at section[2]{%
+ \ifnum \c at tocdepth >\z@
+ \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+ \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
+ \setlength\@tempdima{2em}%
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ \leavevmode \bfseries
+ \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+ \hskip -\leftskip
+ #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb at xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+ \endgroup
+ \fi}
+\renewcommand*\l at subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{2em}{3em}}
+\renewcommand*\l at subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{5em}{4em}}
+\renewcommand*\l at paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{9em}{4.5em}}
+\renewcommand\partname{Part}
+\def\@pnumwidth{3em}
+\makeatother
+\begin{document}
+\title{Babel, a multilingual package for use with \LaTeX's standard
+ document classes\thanks{During the development ideas from Nico
+ Poppelier, Piet van Oostrum and many others have been used.
+ Bernd Raichle has provided many helpful suggestions.}}
+\author{Johannes Braams\\
+ Kersengaarde 33\\
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
+ The Netherlands\\
+ \normalsize From version 3.9 on, Javier Bezos\\
+ \normalsize \texttt{www.texnia.com}}
+
+\date{Typeset \today}
+\begin{titlepage}
+\begin{minipage}[t][0pt]{30cm}
+\vspace{-3cm}\hspace{-7cm}
+\sffamily
+\begin{tabular}{p{8cm}p{15cm}}
+\cellcolor[rgb]{.86,.73,.67}
+&\cellcolor[rgb]{.95,.95,.95}
+\vspace{3.6cm}%
+\color[rgb]{.55,.4,.35}
+\leftskip5mm
+\sffamily\fontsize{72}{72}\selectfont Babel
+\vspace{1.8cm}
+\\
+\cellcolor[rgb]{.95,.95,.95}
+\vspace{2cm}\hspace{1.5cm}
+\begin{minipage}{5cm}
+\Large
+Version \csname @gobble\expandafter\endcsname\fileversion\newline
+\filedate
+
+\vspace{1cm}
+\textit{Original author}\newline
+Johannes L. Braams
+
+\vspace{.3cm}
+\textit{Current maintainer}\newline
+Javier Bezos
+\end{minipage}
+&\cellcolor[rgb]{.92, .86, .73}
+\vspace{2cm}
+\leftskip5mm
+\begin{minipage}{10cm}
+\large\setlength\parskip{3mm}\raggedright
+ The standard distribution of \LaTeX\ contains a number of document
+ classes that are meant to be used, but also serve as examples for
+ other users to create their own document classes. These document
+ classes have become very popular among \LaTeX\ users. But it should
+ be kept in mind that they were designed for American tastes and
+ typography. At one time they even contained a number of hard-wired
+ texts.
+
+ This manual describes \babel{}, a package that makes use of the
+ capabilities of \TeX\ version 3 and, to some extent, \xetex{} and
+ \luatex, to provide an environment in which documents can be typeset
+ in a language other than US English, or in more than one language or
+ script.
+
+ Current development is focused on Unicode engines (Xe\TeX{} and
+ Lua\TeX) and the so-called \textit{complex scripts}. New features
+ related to font selection, bidi writing and the like will be added
+ incrementally.
+
+ \Babel{} provides support (total or partial) for about 200
+ languages, either as a “classical” package option or as an
+ |ini| file. Furthermore, new languages can be created from scratch
+ easily.
+
+ \vspace{20cm}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{titlepage}
+
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftroubles
+\clearpage
+
+\part{User guide}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item This user guide focuses on \LaTeX. There are also some notes on
+ its use with Plain \TeX.
+
+\item Changes and new features with relation to version 3.8 are
+ highlighted with \New{X.XX}\hspace{-.5em}. The most recent features
+ could be still unstable. Please, report any issues you find.
+
+\item If you are interested in the \TeX{} multilingual support, please
+ join the \textsf{kadingira} list on
+ \texttt{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/kadingira}. You can follow
+ the development of \babel{} on
+ \texttt{https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/tree/master/required/babel}
+ (which provides some sample files, too).
+
+\item See section \ref{contribute} for contributing a language.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{The user interface}\label{U-I}
+
+\subsection{Monolingual documents}
+
+In most cases, a single language is required, and then all you need in
+\LaTeX{} is to load the package using its standand mechanism for this
+purpose, namely, passing that language as an optional argument. In
+addition, you may want to set the font and input encodings.
+
+\begin{example}
+ Here is a simple full example for “traditional” \TeX{} engines
+ (see below for \xetex{} and \luatex{}). The packages |fontenc| and
+ |inputenc| do not belong to \babel, but they are included in the
+ example because typically you will need them:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+_\usepackage[french]{babel}_
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose!
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+\begin{troubleshooting}
+\trouble{Paragraph ended before \textbackslash UTFviii at three@octets was complete}
+A common source of trouble is a wrong setting of the input encoding.
+Very often you will get the following somewhat cryptic error:
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Paragraph ended before \UTFviii at three@octets was complete.
+\end{verbatim}
+Make sure you set the encoding actually used by your editor.
+\end{troubleshooting}
+
+Another approach is making the language (\Lopt{french} in the example)
+a global option in order to let other packages detect and use it:
+\begin{verbatim}
+_\documentclass[french]{article}_
+\usepackage{babel}
+\usepackage{varioref}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In this last example, the package \texttt{varioref} will also see
+the option and will be able to use it.
+
+\begin{note}
+ Because of the way \babel{} has evolved, ``language'' can refer to
+ (1) a set of hyphenation patterns as preloaded into the format, (2)
+ a package option, (3) an |ldf| file, and (4) a name used in the
+ document to select a language or dialect. So, a package option
+ refers to a language in a generic way -- sometimes it is the actual
+ language name used to select it, sometimes it is a file name loading
+ a language with a different name, sometimes it is a file name
+ loading several languages. Please, read the documentation for
+ specific languages for further info.
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{troubleshooting}
+ The following warning is about hyphenation patterns, which are
+ not under the direct control of \babel:
+\trouble{No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for (babel) the
+ language `LANG' into the format}
+\begin{verbatim}
+Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
+(babel) the language `LANG' into the format.
+(babel) Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
+(babel) rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
+(babel) preloaded for \language=0 instead on input line 57.
+\end{verbatim}
+ The document will be typeset, but very likely the text will not be
+ correctly hyphenated. Some languages may be raising this warning
+ wrongly (because they are not hyphenated); it is a bug to be fixed
+ -- just ignore it. See the manual of your distribution (Mac\TeX,
+ Mik\TeX, \TeX Live, etc.) for further info about how to configure
+ it.
+\end{troubleshooting}
+
+\subsection{Multilingual documents}
+
+In multilingual documents, just use several options. The last one is
+considered the main language, activated by default. Sometimes, the
+main language changes the document layout (eg, |spanish| and |french|).
+
+\begin{example}
+ In \LaTeX, the preamble of the document:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[dutch,english]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+ would tell \LaTeX\ that the document would be written in two
+ languages, Dutch and English, and that English would be the first
+ language in use, and the main one.
+\end{example}
+
+You can also set the main language explicitly:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[_main=english_,dutch]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Languages may be set as global and as package option at the same
+ time, but in such a case you should set explicitly the main language
+ with the package option |main|:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[_italian_]{book}
+\usepackage[ngerman,_main=italian_]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{warning}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ In the preamble the main language has \textit{not} been selected,
+ except hyphenation patterns and the name assigned to |\languagename|
+ (in particular, shorthands, captions and date are not activated). If
+ you need to define boxes and the like in the preamble, you might
+ want to use some of the language selectors described below.
+\end{warning}
+
+To switch the language there are two basic macros, decribed below in
+detail: |\selectlanguage| is used for blocks of text, while
+|\foreignlanguage| is for chunks of text inside paragraphs.
+
+\begin{example}
+A full bilingual document follows. The main language is |french|,
+which is activated when the document begins.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+_\usepackage[english,french]{babel}_
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose!
+
+_\selectlanguage{english}_
+
+And an English paragraph, with a short text in
+_\foreignlanguage{french}{français}_.
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\subsection{Modifiers}
+
+\New{3.9c} The basic behavior of some languages can be modified when
+loading \babel{} by means of \textit{modifiers}. They are set after
+the language name, and are prefixed with a dot (only when the language
+is set as package option -- neither global options nor the |main| key
+accept them). An example is (spaces are not significant and they can
+be added or removed):\footnote{No predefined ``axis'' for modifiers
+are provided because languages and their scripts have quite different
+needs.}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[latin_.medieval_, spanish_.notilde.lcroman_, danish]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Attributes (described below) are considered modifiers, ie, you can
+set an attribute by including it in the list of modifiers. However,
+modifiers is a more general mechanism.
+
+\subsection{\textsf{xelatex} and \textsf{lualatex}}
+
+Many languages are compatible with \textsf{xetex} and \textsf{luatex}.
+With them you can use \babel{} to localize the documents.
+
+The Latin script is covered by default in current \LaTeX{} (provided
+the document encoding is UTF-8), because the font loader is preloaded
+and the font is switched to |lmroman|. Other scripts require loading
+\textsf{fontspec}. You may want to set the font attributes with
+\textsf{fontspec}, too.
+
+\begin{example}
+ The following bilingual, single script document in UTF-8 encoding
+ just prints a couple of ‘captions’ and |\today| in Danish and
+ Vietnamese. No additional packages are required.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+_\usepackage[vietnamese,danish]{babel}_
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\prefacename{} -- \alsoname{} -- \today
+
+\selectlanguage{vietnamese}
+
+\prefacename{} -- \alsoname{} -- \today
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\begin{example}
+Here is a simple monolingual document in Russian (text from the
+Wikipedia). Note neither \textsf{fontenc} nor \textsf{inputenc} are
+necessary, but the document should be encoded in UTF-8 and a
+so-called Unicode font must be loaded (in this example |\babelfont| is
+used, described below).
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+_\usepackage[russian]{babel}_
+
+\babelfont{rm}{DejaVu Serif}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Россия, находящаяся на пересечении множества культур, а также
+с учётом многонационального характера её населения, — отличается
+высокой степенью этнокультурного многообразия и способностью к
+межкультурному диалогу.
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\subsection{Troubleshooting}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Loading directly |sty| files in \LaTeX{} (ie,
+ |\usepackage|\marg{language}) is deprecated and you will get the
+ error:\footnote{In old versions the error read ``You have used an
+ old interface to call babel'', not very helpful.}
+\trouble{You are loading directly a language style}
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Package babel Error: You are loading directly a language style.
+(babel) This syntax is deprecated and you must use
+(babel) \usepackage[language]{babel}.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Another typical error when using \babel{} is the
+ following:\footnote{In old versions the error read ``You haven't
+ loaded the language LANG yet''.}
+\trouble{Unknown language `LANG'}
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Package babel Error: Unknown language `LANG'. Either you have misspelled
+(babel) its name, it has not been installed, or you requested
+(babel) it in a previous run. Fix its name, install it or just
+(babel) rerun the file, respectively
+\end{verbatim}
+ The most frequent reason is, by far, the latest (for example, you
+ included |spanish|, but you realized this language is not used after
+ all, and therefore you removed it from the option list). In most
+ cases, the error vanishes when the document is typeset again, but in
+ more severe ones you will need to remove the |aux| file.
+\end{itemize}
+\subsection{Plain}
+
+In Plain, load languages styles with |\input| and then use
+|\begindocument| (the latter is defined by \babel):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input estonian.sty
+\begindocument
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Not all languages provide a |sty| file and some of them are not
+ compatible with Plain.\footnote{Even in the \babel{} kernel there
+ were some macros not compatible with plain. Hopefully these issues
+ will be fixed soon.}
+\end{warning}
+
+\subsection{Basic language selectors}
+
+This section describes the commands to be used in the document to
+switch the language in multilingual documents. In most cases, only the
+two basic macros |\selectlanguage| and |\foreignlanguage| are
+necessary. The environments |otherlanguage|, |otherlanguage*| and
+|hyphenrules| are auxiliary, and described in the next section.
+
+The main language is selected automatically when the |document|
+environment begins.
+
+\Describe{\selectlanguage}{\marg{language}}
+When a user wants to switch from one language to another he can
+do so using the macro |\selectlanguage|. This macro takes the
+language, defined previously by a language definition file, as
+its argument. It calls several macros that should be defined in
+the language definition files to activate the special definitions
+for the language chosen:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\selectlanguage{german}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This command can be used as environment, too.
+
+\begin{note}
+ For ``historical reasons'', a macro name is converted to a language
+ name without the leading |\|; in other words,
+ |\selectlanguage{\german}| is equivalent to |\selectlanguage{german}|.
+ Using a macro instead of a ``real'' name is deprecated.
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ If used inside braces there might be some non-local changes, as this
+ would be roughly equivalent to:
+\begin{verbatim}
+{\selectlanguage{<inner-language>} ...}\selectlanguage{<outer-language>}
+\end{verbatim}
+ If you want a change which is really local, you must enclose this
+ code with an additional grouping level.
+\end{warning}
+
+\Describe{\foreignlanguage}{\marg{language}\marg{text}}
+The command |\foreignlanguage| takes two arguments; the second
+argument is a phrase to be typeset according to the rules of the
+language named in its first one. This command (1) only switches the
+extra definitions and the hyphenation rules for the language,
+\emph{not} the names and dates, (2) does not send information about
+the language to auxiliary files (i.e., the surrounding language is
+still in force), and (3) it works even if the language has not been
+set as package option (but in such a case it only sets the hyphenation
+patterns and a warning is shown).
+
+\subsection{Auxiliary language selectors}
+
+\Describe{\begin\menv{otherlanguage}}{\marg{language}\Eenv{otherlanguage}}
+
+The environment \Lenv{otherlanguage} does basically the same as
+|\selectlanguage|, except the language change is (mostly) local to
+the environment.
+
+Actually, there might be some non-local changes, as this environment
+is roughly equivalent to:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begingroup
+\selectlanguage{<inner-language>}
+...
+\endgroup
+\selectlanguage{<outer-language>}
+\end{verbatim}
+If you want a change which is really local, you must enclose this
+environment with an additional grouping, like braces |{}|.
+
+Spaces after the environment are ignored.
+
+\Describe{\begin\menv{otherlanguage*}}%
+{\marg{language}\Eenv{otherlanguage*}}
+
+Same as |\foreignlanguage| but as environment. Spaces after the
+environment are \textit{not} ignored.
+
+This environment was originally intended for intermixing left-to-right
+ypesetting with right-to-left typesetting in engines not supporting a
+change in the writing direction inside a line. However, by default it
+never complied with the documented behavior and it is just a version as
+environment of |\foreignlanguage|.
+
+\Describe{\begin\menv{hyphenrules}}{\marg{language}\Eenv{hyphenrules}}
+
+The environment \Lenv{hyphenrules} can be used to select \emph{only} he
+hyphenation rules to be used (it can be used as command, oo). This can
+for instance be used to select `nohyphenation', provided that in
+\file{language.dat} the `language' \textsf{nohyphenation} is defined by
+loading \file{zerohyph.tex}. It deactivates language shorthands, too
+(but not user shorthands).
+
+Except for these simple uses, |hyphenrules| is discouraged and
+|otherlanguage*| (the starred version) is preferred, as the former does
+not take into account possible changes in encodings of characters like,
+say, |'| done by some languages (eg, \textsf{italian}, \textsf{french},
+\textsf{ukraineb}). To set hyphenation exceptions, use
+|\babelhyphenation| (see below).
+
+\subsection{More on selection}
+
+\Describe{\babeltags}{\char`\{\m{tag1} \texttt{=} \m{language1}, \m{tag2}
+\texttt{=} \m{language2}, \dots\char`\}}
+
+\New{3.9i} In multilingual documents with many language switches he
+commands above can be cumbersome. With this tool shorter names can be
+defined. It adds nothing really new -- it is just syntactical sugar.
+
+It defines |\text|\m{tag1}\marg{text} to be
+|\foreignlanguage|\marg{language1}\marg{text}, and |\begin|\marg{tag1}
+o be |\begin{otherlanguage*}|\marg{language1}, and so on. Note
+|\|\m{tag1} is also allowed, but remember to set it locally inside a
+group.
+\begin{example}
+With
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babeltags{de = german}
+\end{verbatim}
+you can write
+\begin{verbatim}
+text \textde{German text} text
+\end{verbatim}
+and
+\begin{verbatim}
+text
+\begin{de}
+ German text
+\end{de}
+text
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\begin{note}
+ Something like \verb|\babeltags{finnish = finnish}| is legitimate --
+ it defines |\textfinnish| and |\finnish| (and, of course,
+ |\begin{finnish}|).
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{note}
+ Actually, there may be another advantage in the ‘short’ syntax |\text|\m{tag},
+ namely, it is not affected by |\MakeUppercase| (while
+ |\foreignlanguage| is).
+\end{note}
+
+\Describe{\babelensure}{|[include=|\m{commands}|,exclude=|\m{commands}%
+ |,fontenc=|\m{encoding}|]|\marg{language}}
+
+\New{3.9i} Except in a few languages, like \textsf{russian},
+captions and dates are just strings, and do not switch the
+language. That means you should set it explicitly if you want to use
+them, or hyphenation (and in some cases the text itself) will be
+wrong. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\foreignlanguage{russian}{text \foreignlanguage{polish}{\seename} text}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Of course, \TeX{} can do it for you. To avoid switching the language
+all the while, |\babelensure| redefines the captions for a given
+language to wrap them with a selector:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelensure{polish}
+\end{verbatim}
+By default only the basic captions and |\today| are redefined, but you
+can add further macros with the key |include| in the optional argument
+(without commas). Macros not to be modified are listed in
+|exclude|. You can also enforce a font encoding with
+|fontenc|.\footnote{With it encoded string may not work as expected.}
+A couple of examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelensure[include=\Today]{spanish}
+\babelensure[fontenc=T5]{vietnamese}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+They are activated when the language is selected (at the |afterextras|
+event), and it makes some assumptions which could not be fulfilled in
+some languages. Note also you should include only macros defined by
+the language, not global macros (eg, |\TeX| of |\dag|).
+
+With |ini| files (see below), captions are ensured by default.
+
+\subsection{Shorthands}
+
+A \textit{shorthand} is a sequence of one or two characters that
+expands to arbitrary \TeX{} code.
+
+Shorthands can be used for different kinds of things, as for example:
+(1) in some languages shorthands such as |"a| are defined to be able
+to hyphenate the word if the encoding is |OT1|; (2) in some languages
+shorthands such as |!| are used to insert the right amount of white
+space; (3) several kinds of discretionaries and breaks can be inserted
+easily with |"-|, |"=|, etc.
+
+The package \textsf{inputenc} as well as \xetex{} an \luatex{} have
+alleviated entering non-ASCII characters, but minority languages and
+some kinds of text can still require characters not directly available
+on the keyboards (and sometimes not even as separated or precomposed
+Unicode characters). As to the point 2, now \textsf{pdfTeX} provides
+|\knbccode|, and \luatex{} can manipulate the glyph list. Tools for
+point 3 can be still very useful in general.
+
+There are three levels of shorthands: \textit{user},
+\textit{language}, and \textit{system} (by order of
+precedence). Version 3.9 introduces the \textit{language user} level
+on top of the user level, as described below. In most cases, you will
+use only shorthands provided by languages.
+
+\begin{note} Note the following:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Activated chars used for two-char shorthands cannot be followed
+ by a closing brace |}| and the spaces following are gobbled. With
+ one-char shorthands (eg,~|:|), they are preserved.
+\item If on a certain level (system, language, user) there is a
+ one-char shorthand, two-char ones starting with that
+ char and on the same level are ignored.
+\item Since they are active, a shorthand cannot contain the same
+ character in its definition (except if it is deactivated with, eg,
+ |string|).
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{note}
+
+A typical error when using shorthands is the following:
+\trouble{Argument of \textbackslash language at active@arg"
+has an extra \textbraceright}
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Argument of \language at active@arg" has an extra }.
+\end{verbatim}
+It means there is a closing brace just after a shorthand, which is not
+allowed (eg,~|"}|). Just add |{}| after (eg,~|"{}}|).
+
+\Describe{\shorthandon}{\marg{shorthands-list}}
+\DescribeOther{\shorthandoff}{%
+\colorbox{thegrey}{\ttfamily\hskip-.2em*\hskip-.2em}%
+\marg{shorthands-list}}
+It is sometimes necessary to switch a shorthand
+character off temporarily, because it must be used in an
+entirely different way. For this purpose, the user commands
+|\shorthandoff| and |\shorthandon| are provided. They each take a
+list of characters as their arguments.
+
+The command |\shorthandoff| sets the |\catcode| for each of the
+characters in its argument to other (12); the command |\shorthandon|
+sets the |\catcode| to active (13). Both commands only work on `known'
+shorthand characters. If a character is not known to be a shorthand
+character its category code will be left unchanged.
+
+\New{3.9a} However, |\shorthandoff| does not behave as
+you would expect with characters like |~| or |^|, because they
+usually are not ``other''. For them |\shorthandoff*| is provided,
+so that with
+\begin{verbatim}
+\shorthandoff*{~^}
+\end{verbatim}
+|~| is still active, very likely with the meaning of a non-breaking
+space, and |^| is the superscript character. The catcodes used are
+those when the shorthands are defined, usually when language files are
+loaded.
+
+\Describe{\useshorthands}{%
+\colorbox{thegrey}{\ttfamily\hskip-.2em*\hskip-.2em}%
+\marg{char}}
+
+The command |\useshorthands| initiates the definition of user-defined
+shorthand sequences. It has one argument, the character that starts
+these personal shorthands.
+
+\New{3.9a} User shorthands are not always alive, as they may
+be deactivated by languages (for example, if you use |"| for your user
+shorthands and switch from \textsf{german} to \textsf{french}, they
+stop working). Therefore, a starred version
+|\useshorthands*|\marg{char} is provided, which makes sure shorthands
+are always activated.
+
+Currently, if the package option |shorthands| is used, you must include any
+character to be activated with |\useshorthands|. This restriction will
+be lifted in a future release.
+
+\Describe\defineshorthand{\texttt{[}\langlist\texttt{]}%
+ \marg{shorthand}\marg{code}}
+
+The command |\defineshorthand| takes two arguments: the first is
+a one- or two-character shorthand sequence, and the second is the
+code the shorthand should expand to.
+
+\New{3.9a} An optional argument allows to (re)define language and
+system shorthands (some languages do not activate shorthands, so you
+may want to add |\languageshorthands|\marg{lang} to the corresponding
+|\extras|\m{lang}, as explained below). By default, user shorthands
+are (re)defined.
+
+User shorthands override language ones, which in turn override
+system shorthands. Language-dependent user shorthands (new in
+3.9) take precedence over ``normal'' user shorthands.
+
+\begin{example}
+ Let's assume you want a unified set of shorthand for discretionaries
+ (languages do not define shorthands consistently, and |"-|, |\-|,
+ |"=| have different meanings). You could start with, say:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\useshorthands*{"}
+\defineshorthand{"*}{\babelhyphen{soft}}
+\defineshorthand{"-}{\babelhyphen{hard}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ However, behavior of hyphens is language dependent. For example, in
+ languages like Polish and Portuguese, a hard hyphen inside compound
+ words are repeated at the beginning of the next line. You could then
+ set:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\defineshorthand[*polish,*portugese]{"-}{\babelhyphen{repeat}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ Here, options with |*| set a language-dependent user shorthand,
+ which means the generic one above only applies for the rest of
+ languages; without |*| they would (re)define the language shorthands
+ instead, which are overriden by user ones.
+
+ Now, you have a single unified shorthand (|"-|), with a
+ content-based meaning (`compound word hyphen') whose visual behavior
+ is that expected in each context.
+\end{example}
+
+\Describe\aliasshorthand{\marg{original}\marg{alias}}
+
+The command |\aliasshorthand| can be used to let another
+character perform the same functions as the default shorthand
+character. If one prefers for example to use the character |/|
+over |"| in typing Polish texts, this can be achieved by entering
+|\aliasshorthand{"}{/}|.
+
+\begin{note}
+ The substitute character must \textit{not} have been declared before
+ as shorthand (in such a case, |\aliashorthands| is ignored).
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{example}
+ The following example shows how to replace a shorthand by another
+\begin{verbatim}
+\aliasshorthand{~}{^}
+\AtBeginDocument{\shorthandoff*{~}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Shorthands remember somehow the original character, and the fallback
+ value is that of the latter. So, in this example, if no shorthand if
+ found, |^| expands to a non-breaking space, because this is the
+ value of |~| (internally, |^| still calls |\active at char~| or
+ |\normal at char~|). Furthermore, if you change the |system| value of
+ |^| with |\defineshorthand| nothing happens.
+\end{warning}
+
+\Describe\languageshorthands{\marg{language}} The command
+|\languageshorthands| can be used to switch the shorthands on the
+language level. It takes one argument, the name of a language or
+|none| (the latter does what its name suggests).\footnote{Actually,
+any name not corresponding to a language group does the same as
+\texttt{none}. However, follow this convention because it might be
+enforced in future releases of \babel{} to catch possible errors.}
+Note that for this to work the language should have been specified as
+an option when loading the \babel\ package. For example, you can use
+in \textsf{english} the shorthands defined by \textsf{ngerman} with
+\begin{verbatim}
+\addto\extrasenglish{\languageshorthands{ngerman}}
+\end{verbatim}
+(You may also need to activate them with, for example,
+|\useshorthands|.)
+
+Very often, this is a more convenient way to deactivate shorthands
+than |\shorthandoff|, as for example if you want to define a macro
+to easy typing phonetic characters with \textsf{tipa}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\myipa}[1]{{\languageshorthands{none}\tipaencoding#1}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\Describe\babelshorthand{\marg{shorthand}}
+With this command you can use a shorthand even if (1) not activated in
+\texttt{shorthands} (in this case only shorthands for the current
+language are taken into account, ie, not user shorthands), (2) turned
+off with |\shorthandoff| or (3) deactivated with the internal
+|\bbl at deactivate|; for example, \verb|\babelshorthand{"u}| or
+\verb|\babelshorthand{:}|. (You can conveniently define your own
+macros, or even you own user shorthands provided they do not ovelap.)
+
+For your records, here is a list of shorthands, but you must double
+check them, as they may change:\footnote{Thanks to Enrico Gregorio}
+
+\begin{description}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\item[Languages with no shorthands] Croatian, English (any variety),
+ Indonesian, Hebrew, Interlingua, Irish, Lower Sorbian, Malaysian,
+ North Sami, Romanian, Scottish, Welsh
+\item[Languages with only \texttt{"} as defined shorthand character]
+ Albanian, Bulgarian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German (old and new
+ orthography, also Austrian), Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Polish,
+ Portuguese (also Brazilian), Russian, Serbian (with Latin script),
+ Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian
+\item[Basque] |" ' ~|
+\item[Breton] |: ; ? !|
+\item[Catalan] |" ' `|
+\item[Czech] |" -|
+\item[Esperanto] |^|
+\item[Estonian] |" ~|
+\item[French] (all varieties) |: ; ? !|
+\item[Galician] |" . ' ~ < >|
+\item[Greek] |~|
+\item[Hungarian] |`|
+\item[Kurmanji] |^|
+\item[Latin] |" ^ =|
+\item[Slovak] |" ^ ' -|
+\item[Spanish] |" . < > '|
+\item[Turkish] |: ! =|
+\end{description}
+In addition, the \babel{} core declares |~| as a one-char shorthand
+which is let, like the standard |~|, to a non breaking
+space.\footnote{This declaration serves to nothing, but it is
+preserved for backward compatibility.}
+
+\subsection{Package options}
+
+\New{3.9a}
+These package options are processed before language options, so
+that they are taken into account irrespective of its order. The first
+three options have been available in previous versions.
+
+\Describe{KeepShorthandsActive}{}
+Tells babel not to deactivate shorthands after loading a language
+file, so that they are also availabe in the preamble.
+
+\Describe{activeacute}{} For some languages \babel\ supports this
+options to set |'| as a shorthand in case it is not done by default.
+
+\Describe{activegrave}{}
+Same for |`|.
+
+\Describe{shorthands=}{\meta{char}\meta{char}...
+$\string|$ \texttt{off}}
+The only language shorthands activated
+are those given, like, eg:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[esperanto,french,shorthands=:;!?]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+If \verb|'| is included, \texttt{activeacute} is set; if \verb|`| is
+included, \texttt{activegrave} is set. Active characters (like
+\verb|~|) should be preceded by \verb|\string| (otherwise they will be
+expanded by \LaTeX{} before they are passed to the package and
+therefore they will not be recognized); however, |t| is provided for
+the common case of |~| (as well as |c| for not so common case of the
+comma).
+
+With |shorthands=off| no language shorthands are defined,
+As some languages use this mechanism for tools not available
+otherwise, a macro \verb|\babelshorthand| is defined, which allows
+using them; see above.
+
+\Describe{safe=}{\texttt{none} $\string|$ \texttt{ref} $\string|$
+\texttt{bib}} Some \LaTeX{} macros are redefined so that using
+shorthands is safe. With \texttt{safe=bib} only |\nocite|, |\bibcite|
+and |\bibitem| are redefined. With |safe=ref| only |\newlabel|, |\ref|
+and |\pageref| are redefined (as well as a few macros from
+\textsf{varioref} and \textsf{ifthen}). With |safe=none| no macro is
+redefined. This option is strongly recommended, because a good deal of
+incompatibilities and errors are related to these redefinitions -- of
+course, in such a case you cannot use shorthands in these macros, but
+this is not a real problem (just use ``allowed'' characters).
+
+\Describe{math=}{\texttt{active} $\string|$ \texttt{normal}}
+Shorthands are mainly intended for text, not for math. By setting this
+option with the value |normal| they are deactivated in math mode
+(default is |active|) and things like |${a'}$| (a closing brace after
+a shorthand) are not a source of trouble any more.
+
+\Describe{config=}{\meta{file}} Load \meta{file}\texttt{.cfg} instead
+of the default config file |bblopts.cfg| (the file is loaded even
+with |noconfigs|).
+
+\Describe{main=}{\meta{language}} Sets the main language, as explained
+above, ie, this language is always loaded last. If it is not given as
+package or global option, it is added to the list of requested
+languages.
+
+\Describe{headfoot=}{\meta{language}} By default, headlines and
+footlines are not touched (only marks), and if they contain language
+dependent macros (which is not usual) there may be unexpected
+results. With this option you may set the language in heads and foots.
+
+\Describe{noconfigs}{} Global and language default config files are
+not loaded, so you can make sure your document is not spoilt by an
+unexpected \texttt{.cfg} file. However, if the key |config| is set,
+this file is loaded.
+
+\Describe{showlanguages}{} Prints to the log the list of languages
+loaded when the format was created: number (remember dialects can
+share it), name, hyphenation file and exceptions file.
+
+\Describe{nocase}{} \New{3.9l} Language settings for uppercase and
+lowercase mapping (as set by |\SetCase|) are ignored. Use only if there
+are incompatibilities with other packages.
+
+\Describe{silent}{} \New{3.9l} No warnings and no \textit{infos} are
+written to the log file.\footnote{You can use alternatively the
+package \textsf{silence}.}
+
+\Describe{strings=}{\texttt{generic} $\string|$ \texttt{unicode}
+$\string|$ \texttt{encoded} $\string|$ \meta{label} $\string|$
+\meta{font encoding}} Selects the encoding of strings in languages
+supporting this feature. Predefined labels are |generic| (for
+traditional \TeX, LICR and ASCII strings), |unicode| (for engines like
+\xetex{} and \luatex) and |encoded| (for special cases requiring mixed
+encodings). Other allowed values are font encoding codes (|T1|, |T2A|,
+|LGR|, |L7X|...), but only in languages supporting them. Be aware with
+|encoded| captions are protected, but they work in |\MakeUppercase|
+and the like (this feature misuses some internal \LaTeX\ tools, so use
+it only as a last resort).
+
+\Describe{hyphenmap=}{\texttt{off} $\string|$ \texttt{main}
+$\string|$ \texttt{select} $\string|$ \texttt{other} $\string|$
+\texttt{other*}}
+
+\New{3.9g} Sets the behavior of case mapping for hyphenation,
+provided the language defines it.\footnote{Turned off in plain.} It
+can take the following values:
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
+ \hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\color{thered}#1}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\item[off] deactivates this feature and no case mapping is applied;
+\item[first] sets it at the first switching commands in the
+ current or parent scope (typically, when the aux file is first read
+ and at |\begin{document}|, but also the first |\selectlanguage| in
+ the preamble), and it's the default if a single
+ language option has been stated;\footnote{Duplicated options count
+ as several ones.}
+\item[select] sets it only at |\selectlanguage|;
+\item[other] also sets it at |otherlanguage|;
+\item[other*] also sets it at |otherlanguage*| as well as in heads and
+ foots (if the option |headfoot| is used) and in auxiliary files (ie,
+ at |\select at language|), and it's the default if several language
+ options have been stated. The option |first| can be regarded as an
+ optimized version of \texttt{other*} for monolingual
+ documents.\footnote{Providing |foreign| is pointless, because the
+ case mapping applied is that at the end of paragraph, but if either
+ \xetex{} or \luatex{} change this behavior it might be added. On
+ the other hand, |other| is provided even if I [JBL] think it isn't
+ really useful, but who knows.}
+\end{description}
+
+\Describe{bidi=}{}
+
+\New{3.14} Selects the bidi algorithm to be used in \luatex{} and
+\xetex{}. See sec.~\ref{bidi}.
+
+\Describe{layout=}{}
+
+\New{3.16} Selects which layout elements are adapted in bidi
+documents. See sec.~\ref{bidi}.
+
+\subsection{The \texttt{base} option}
+
+With this package option \babel{} just loads some basic macros (those
+in |switch.def|), defines |\AfterBabelLanguage| and exits. It also
+selects the hyphenations patterns for the last language passed as
+option (by its name in |language.dat|). There are two main uses:
+classes and packages, and as a last resort in case there are, for some
+reason, incompatible languages. It can be used if you just want to
+select the hyphenations patterns of a single language, too.
+% TODO: example
+
+\Describe\AfterBabelLanguage{\marg{option-name}\marg{code}}
+
+This command is currently the only provided by |base|. Executes
+\meta{code} when the file loaded by the corresponding package option
+is finished (at |\ldf at finish|). The setting is global. So
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AfterBabelLanguage{french}{...}
+\end{verbatim}
+does ... at the end of |french.ldf|. It can be used in |ldf| files,
+too, but in such a case the code is executed only if
+\meta{option-name} is the same as |\CurrentOption| (which could not
+be the same as the option name as set in |\usepackage|!).
+
+\begin{example}
+ Consider two languages \textsf{foo} and \textsf{bar} defining the
+ same |\macro| with |\newcommand|. An error is raised if you attempt
+ to load both. Here is a way to overcome this problem:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[base]{babel}
+\AfterBabelLanguage{foo}{%
+ \let\macroFoo\macro
+ \let\macro\relax}
+\usepackage[foo,bar]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+\subsection{\texttt{ini} files}
+
+An alternative approach to define a language is by means of an
+\texttt{ini} file. Currently \babel{} provides about 200 of these
+files containing the basic data required for a language.
+
+Most of them set the date, and many also the captions (Unicode and
+LICR). They will be evolving with the time to add more features
+(something to keep in mind if backward compatibility is
+important). The following section shows how to make use of them
+currently (by means of |\babelprovide|), but a higher interface, based
+on package options, in under development.
+
+\begin{example}
+ Although Georgian has its own \texttt{ldf} file, here is how to
+ declare this language with an |ini| file in Unicode engines. The
+ |nil| language is required, because currently \babel{} raises an
+ error if there is no language.
+\begingroup
+\setmonofont[Scale=.87,Script=Georgian]{DejaVu Sans Mono}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{book}
+
+\usepackage[nil]{babel}
+\babelprovide[import=ka, main]{georgian}
+
+\babelfont{rm}{DejaVu Sans}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\chapter{სამზარეულო და სუფრის ტრადიციები}
+
+ქართული ტრადიციული სამზარეულო ერთ-ერთი უმდიდრესია მთელ მსოფლიოში.
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+\end{example}
+
+Here is the list (u means Unicode captions, and l means LICR
+captions):
+
+\begingroup
+\bigskip\hrule\nobreak
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\tag#1{\par\@hangfrom{\makebox[7em][l]{#1}}\ignorespaces}
+\def\hascapu{\textsuperscript{u}}
+\def\hascapl{\textsuperscript{l}}
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+
+\tag{af} Afrikaans\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{agq} Aghem
+\tag{ak} Akan
+\tag{am} Amharic\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ar} Arabic\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{as} Assamese
+\tag{asa} Asu
+\tag{ast} Asturian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{az-Cyrl} Azerbaijani
+\tag{az-Latn} Azerbaijani
+\tag{az} Azerbaijani\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{bas} Basaa
+\tag{be} Belarusian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{bem} Bemba
+\tag{bez} Bena
+\tag{bg} Bulgarian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{bm} Bambara
+\tag{bn} Bangla\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{bo} Tibetan\hascapu
+\tag{brx} Bodo
+\tag{bs-Cyrl} Bosnian
+\tag{bs-Latn} Bosnian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{bs} Bosnian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ca} Catalan\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ce} Chechen
+\tag{cgg} Chiga
+\tag{chr} Cherokee
+\tag{ckb} Central Kurdish
+\tag{cs} Czech\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{cy} Welsh\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{da} Danish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{dav} Taita
+\tag{de-AT} German\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{de-CH} German\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{de} German\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{dje} Zarma
+\tag{dsb} Lower Sorbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{dua} Duala
+\tag{dyo} Jola-Fonyi
+\tag{dz} Dzongkha
+\tag{ebu} Embu
+\tag{ee} Ewe
+\tag{el} Greek\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en-AU} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en-CA} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en-GB} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en-NZ} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en-US} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{en} English\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{eo} Esperanto\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{es-MX} Spanish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{es} Spanish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{et} Estonian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{eu} Basque\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ewo} Ewondo
+\tag{fa} Persian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ff} Fulah
+\tag{fi} Finnish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fil} Filipino
+\tag{fo} Faroese
+\tag{fr} French\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fr-BE} French\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fr-CA} French\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fr-CH} French\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fr-LU} French\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fur} Friulian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{fy} Western Frisian
+\tag{ga} Irish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{gd} Scottish Gaelic\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{gl} Galician\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{gsw} Swiss German
+\tag{gu} Gujarati
+\tag{guz} Gusii
+\tag{gv} Manx
+\tag{ha-GH} Hausa
+\tag{ha-NE} Hausa\hascapl
+\tag{ha} Hausa
+\tag{haw} Hawaiian
+\tag{he} Hebrew\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{hi} Hindi\hascapu
+\tag{hr} Croatian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{hsb} Upper Sorbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{hu} Hungarian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{hy} Armenian
+\tag{ia} Interlingua\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{id} Indonesian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ig} Igbo
+\tag{ii} Sichuan Yi
+\tag{is} Icelandic\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{it} Italian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ja} Japanese
+\tag{jgo} Ngomba
+\tag{jmc} Machame
+\tag{ka} Georgian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{kab} Kabyle
+\tag{kam} Kamba
+\tag{kde} Makonde
+\tag{kea} Kabuverdianu
+\tag{khq} Koyra Chiini
+\tag{ki} Kikuyu
+\tag{kk} Kazakh
+\tag{kkj} Kako
+\tag{kl} Kalaallisut
+\tag{kln} Kalenjin
+\tag{km} Khmer
+\tag{kn} Kannada\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ko} Korean
+\tag{kok} Konkani
+\tag{ks} Kashmiri
+\tag{ksb} Shambala
+\tag{ksf} Bafia
+\tag{ksh} Colognian
+\tag{kw} Cornish
+\tag{ky} Kyrgyz
+\tag{lag} Langi
+\tag{lb} Luxembourgish
+\tag{lg} Ganda
+\tag{lkt} Lakota
+\tag{ln} Lingala
+\tag{lo} Lao\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{lrc} Northern Luri
+\tag{lt} Lithuanian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{lu} Luba-Katanga
+\tag{luo} Luo
+\tag{luy} Luyia
+\tag{lv} Latvian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{mas} Masai
+\tag{mer} Meru
+\tag{mfe} Morisyen
+\tag{mg} Malagasy
+\tag{mgh} Makhuwa-Meetto
+\tag{mgo} Metaʼ
+\tag{mk} Macedonian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ml} Malayalam\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{mn} Mongolian
+\tag{mr} Marathi\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ms-BN} Malay\hascapl
+\tag{ms-SG} Malay\hascapl
+\tag{ms} Malay\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{mt} Maltese
+\tag{mua} Mundang
+\tag{my} Burmese
+\tag{mzn} Mazanderani
+\tag{naq} Nama
+\tag{nb} Norwegian Bokmål\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{nd} North Ndebele
+\tag{ne} Nepali
+\tag{nl} Dutch\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{nmg} Kwasio
+\tag{nn} Norwegian Nynorsk\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{nnh} Ngiemboon
+\tag{nus} Nuer
+\tag{nyn} Nyankole
+\tag{om} Oromo
+\tag{or} Odia
+\tag{os} Ossetic
+\tag{pa-Arab} Punjabi
+\tag{pa-Guru} Punjabi
+\tag{pa} Punjabi
+\tag{pl} Polish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{pms} Piedmontese\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ps} Pashto
+\tag{pt-BR} Portuguese\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{pt-PT} Portuguese\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{pt} Portuguese\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{qu} Quechua
+\tag{rm} Romansh\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{rn} Rundi
+\tag{ro} Romanian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{rof} Rombo
+\tag{ru} Russian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{rw} Kinyarwanda
+\tag{rwk} Rwa
+\tag{sah} Sakha
+\tag{saq} Samburu
+\tag{sbp} Sangu
+\tag{se} Northern Sami\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{seh} Sena
+\tag{ses} Koyraboro Senni
+\tag{sg} Sango
+\tag{shi-Latn} Tachelhit
+\tag{shi-Tfng} Tachelhit
+\tag{shi} Tachelhit
+\tag{si} Sinhala
+\tag{sk} Slovak\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sl} Slovenian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{smn} Inari Sami
+\tag{sn} Shona
+\tag{so} Somali
+\tag{sq} Albanian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Cyrl-BA} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Cyrl-ME} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Cyrl-XK} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Cyrl} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Latn-BA} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Latn-ME} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Latn-XK} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr-Latn} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sr} Serbian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sv} Swedish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{sw} Swahili
+\tag{ta} Tamil\hascapu
+\tag{te} Telugu\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{teo} Teso
+\tag{th} Thai\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ti} Tigrinya
+\tag{tk} Turkmen\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{to} Tongan
+\tag{tr} Turkish\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{twq} Tasawaq
+\tag{tzm} Central Atlas Tamazight
+\tag{ug} Uyghur
+\tag{uk} Ukrainian\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{ur} Urdu\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{uz-Arab} Uzbek
+\tag{uz-Cyrl} Uzbek
+\tag{uz-Latn} Uzbek
+\tag{uz} Uzbek
+\tag{vai-Latn} Vai
+\tag{vai-Vaii} Vai
+\tag{vai} Vai
+\tag{vi} Vietnamese\hascapu\hascapl
+\tag{vun} Vunjo
+\tag{wae} Walser
+\tag{xog} Soga
+\tag{yav} Yangben
+\tag{yi} Yiddish
+\tag{yo} Yoruba
+\tag{yue} Cantonese
+\tag{zgh} Standard Moroccan Tamazight
+\tag{zh-Hans-HK} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hans-MO} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hans-SG} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hans} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hant-HK} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hant-MO} Chinese
+\tag{zh-Hant} Chinese
+\tag{zh} Chinese
+\tag{zu} Zulu
+
+\end{multicols}
+\endgroup
+\hrule
+\bigskip
+
+In some contexts (currently |\babelfont|) an \texttt{ini} file may be
+loaded by its name. Here is the list of the names currently
+supported. With these languages, |\babelfont| loads (if not done
+before) the language and script names (even if the language is defined
+as a package option with an \textsf{ldf} file).
+
+\begingroup
+\bigskip\hrule\nobreak
+
+\let\\\par
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+
+aghem\\
+akan\\
+albanian\\
+american\\
+amharic\\
+arabic\\
+armenian\\
+assamese\\
+asturian\\
+asu\\
+australian\\
+austrian\\
+azerbaijani-cyrillic\\
+azerbaijani-cyrl\\
+azerbaijani-latin\\
+azerbaijani-latn\\
+azerbaijani\\
+bafia\\
+bambara\\
+basaa\\
+basque\\
+belarusian\\
+bemba\\
+bena\\
+bengali\\
+bodo\\
+bosnian-cyrillic\\
+bosnian-cyrl\\
+bosnian-latin\\
+bosnian-latn\\
+bosnian\\
+brazilian\\
+breton\\
+british\\
+bulgarian\\
+burmese\\
+canadian\\
+cantonese\\
+catalan\\
+centralatlastamazight\\
+centralkurdish\\
+chechen\\
+cherokee\\
+chiga\\
+chinese-hans-hk\\
+chinese-hans-mo\\
+chinese-hans-sg\\
+chinese-hans\\
+chinese-hant-hk\\
+chinese-hant-mo\\
+chinese-hant\\
+chinese-simplified-hongkongsarchina\\
+chinese-simplified-macausarchina\\
+chinese-simplified-singapore\\
+chinese-simplified\\
+chinese-traditional-hongkongsarchina\\
+chinese-traditional-macausarchina\\
+chinese-traditional\\
+chinese\\
+colognian\\
+cornish\\
+croatian\\
+czech\\
+danish\\
+duala\\
+dutch\\
+dzongkha\\
+embu\\
+english-au\\
+english-australia\\
+english-ca\\
+english-canada\\
+english-gb\\
+english-newzealand\\
+english-nz\\
+english-unitedkingdom\\
+english-unitedstates\\
+english-us\\
+english\\
+esperanto\\
+estonian\\
+ewe\\
+ewondo\\
+faroese\\
+filipino\\
+finnish\\
+french-be\\
+french-belgium\\
+french-ca\\
+french-canada\\
+french-ch\\
+french-lu\\
+french-luxembourg\\
+french-switzerland\\
+french\\
+friulian\\
+fulah\\
+galician\\
+ganda\\
+georgian\\
+german-at\\
+german-austria\\
+german-ch\\
+german-switzerland\\
+german\\
+greek\\
+gujarati\\
+gusii\\
+hausa-gh\\
+hausa-ghana\\
+hausa-ne\\
+hausa-niger\\
+hausa\\
+hawaiian\\
+hebrew\\
+hindi\\
+hungarian\\
+icelandic\\
+igbo\\
+inarisami\\
+indonesian\\
+interlingua\\
+irish\\
+italian\\
+japanese\\
+jolafonyi\\
+kabuverdianu\\
+kabyle\\
+kako\\
+kalaallisut\\
+kalenjin\\
+kamba\\
+kannada\\
+kashmiri\\
+kazakh\\
+khmer\\
+kikuyu\\
+kinyarwanda\\
+konkani\\
+korean\\
+koyraborosenni\\
+koyrachiini\\
+kwasio\\
+kyrgyz\\
+lakota\\
+langi\\
+lao\\
+latvian\\
+lingala\\
+lithuanian\\
+lowersorbian\\
+lsorbian\\
+lubakatanga\\
+luo\\
+luxembourgish\\
+luyia\\
+macedonian\\
+machame\\
+makhuwameetto\\
+makonde\\
+malagasy\\
+malay-bn\\
+malay-brunei\\
+malay-sg\\
+malay-singapore\\
+malay\\
+malayalam\\
+maltese\\
+manx\\
+marathi\\
+masai\\
+mazanderani\\
+meru\\
+meta\\
+mexican\\
+mongolian\\
+morisyen\\
+mundang\\
+nama\\
+nepali\\
+newzealand\\
+ngiemboon\\
+ngomba\\
+norsk\\
+northernluri\\
+northernsami\\
+northndebele\\
+norwegianbokmal\\
+norwegiannynorsk\\
+nswissgerman\\
+nuer\\
+nyankole\\
+nynorsk\\
+occitan\\
+oriya\\
+oromo\\
+ossetic\\
+pashto\\
+persian\\
+piedmontese\\
+polish\\
+portuguese-br\\
+portuguese-brazil\\
+portuguese-portugal\\
+portuguese-pt\\
+portuguese\\
+punjabi-arab\\
+punjabi-arabic\\
+punjabi-gurmukhi\\
+punjabi-guru\\
+punjabi\\
+quechua\\
+romanian\\
+romansh\\
+rombo\\
+rundi\\
+russian\\
+rwa\\
+sakha\\
+samburu\\
+samin\\
+sango\\
+sangu\\
+scottishgaelic\\
+sena\\
+serbian-cyrillic-bosniaherzegovina\\
+serbian-cyrillic-kosovo\\
+serbian-cyrillic-montenegro\\
+serbian-cyrillic\\
+serbian-cyrl-ba\\
+serbian-cyrl-me\\
+serbian-cyrl-xk\\
+serbian-cyrl\\
+serbian-latin-bosniaherzegovina\\
+serbian-latin-kosovo\\
+serbian-latin-montenegro\\
+serbian-latin\\
+serbian-latn-ba\\
+serbian-latn-me\\
+serbian-latn-xk\\
+serbian-latn\\
+serbian\\
+shambala\\
+shona\\
+sichuanyi\\
+sinhala\\
+slovak\\
+slovene\\
+slovenian\\
+soga\\
+somali\\
+spanish-mexico\\
+spanish-mx\\
+spanish\\
+standardmoroccantamazight\\
+swahili\\
+swedish\\
+swissgerman\\
+tachelhit-latin\\
+tachelhit-latn\\
+tachelhit-tfng\\
+tachelhit-tifinagh\\
+tachelhit\\
+taita\\
+tamil\\
+tasawaq\\
+telugu\\
+teso\\
+thai\\
+tibetan\\
+tigrinya\\
+tongan\\
+turkish\\
+turkmen\\
+ukenglish\\
+ukrainian\\
+uppersorbian\\
+urdu\\
+usenglish\\
+usorbian\\
+uyghur\\
+uzbek-arab\\
+uzbek-arabic\\
+uzbek-cyrillic\\
+uzbek-cyrl\\
+uzbek-latin\\
+uzbek-latn\\
+uzbek\\
+vai-latin\\
+vai-latn\\
+vai-vai\\
+vai-vaii\\
+vai\\
+vietnam\\
+vietnamese\\
+vunjo\\
+walser\\
+welsh\\
+westernfrisian\\
+yangben\\
+yiddish\\
+yoruba\\
+zarma\\
+zulu
+afrikaans\\
+
+\end{multicols}
+\endgroup
+\hrule
+
+\subsection{Selecting fonts}
+
+\New{3.15} Babel provides a high level interface on top of |fontspec|
+to select fonts. There is no need to load \textsf{fontspec} explicitly
+-- \babel{} does it for you with the first |\babelfont|.\footnote{See
+also the package \textsf{combofont} for a complementary approach.}
+
+\Describe\babelfont{\oarg{language-list}\marg{font-family}%
+ \oarg{font-options}\marg{font-name}}
+
+Here \textit{font-family} is |rm|, |sf| or |tt| (or newly defined
+ones, as explained below), and \textit{font-name} is the same as in
+\textsf{fontspec} and the like.
+
+If no language is given, then it is considered the default font for
+the family, activated when a language is selected. On the other hand,
+if there is one or more languages in the optional argument, the font
+will be assigned to them, overriding the default. Alternatively, you
+may set a font for a script -- just precede its name (lowercase) with
+a star (eg, |*devanagari|).
+
+\Babel{} takes care of the font language and the font script when
+languages are selected (as well as the writing direction); see the
+recognized languages above. In most cases, you will not need
+\textit{font-options}, which is the same as in \textsf{fontspec}, but
+you may add further key/value pairs if necessary.
+
+\begin{example}
+ Usage in most cases is very simple. Let us assume you are setting up
+ a document in Swedish, with some words in Hebrew, with a font suited
+ for both languages.
+ \begingroup
+% If you are looking at the code to see how it has been written, you
+% will be disappointed :-). The following example is built ad hoc to
+% emulate the final result to avoid dependencies, and therefore it's
+% not "real" code.
+\setmonofont[Scale=.87,Script=Hebrew]{DejaVu Sans Mono} \catcode`@=13
+\def@#1{\ifcase#1\relax \egroup \or \bgroup\textdir TLT \else
+\bgroup\textdir TRT \fontspec[Scale=.87,Script=Hebrew]{Liberation
+Mono} \fi}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[swedish, bidi=default]{babel}
+
+\babelprovide[import=he]{hebrew}
+
+_\babelfont{rm}{FreeSerif}_
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Svenska \foreignlanguage{hebrew}{@2עִבְרִית@0} svenska.
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+
+If on the other hand you have to resort to different fonts, you could
+replace the red line above with, say:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelfont{rm}{Iwona}
+\babelfont[hebrew]{rm}{FreeSerif}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+|\babelfont| can be used to implicitly define a new font family. Just
+write its name instead of |rm|, |sf| or |tt|. This is the preferred way
+to select fonts in addition to the three basic ones.
+
+\begin{example}
+ Here is how to do it:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelfont{kai}{FandolKai}
+\end{verbatim}
+ Now, |\kaifamily| and |\kaidefault|, as well as |\textkai| are at
+ your disposal.
+\end{example}
+
+\begin{note}
+ You may load \textsf{fontspec} explicitly. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage{fontspec}
+\newfontscript{Devanagari}{deva}
+\babelfont[hindi]{rm}{Shobhika}
+\end{verbatim}
+ This makes sure the OpenType script for Devanagari is |deva| and not
+ |dev2|.
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{note}
+ Directionality is a property affecting margins, intentation, column
+ order, etc., not just text. Therefore, it is under the direct
+ control of the language, which appplies both the script and the
+ direction to the text. As a consequence, there is no need to set
+ \texttt{Script} when declaring a font (nor \texttt{Language}). In
+ fact, it is even discouraged.
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{note}
+ |\fontspec| is not touched at all, only the preset font families
+ (|rm|, |sf|, |tt|, and the like). If a language is switched when an
+ \textit{ad hoc} font is active, or you select the font with this
+ command, neither the script nor the language are passed. You must
+ add them by hand. This is by design, for several reasons (for
+ example, each font has its own set of features and a generic setting
+ for several of them could be problematic, and also a “lower level”
+ font selection is useful).
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{note}
+ The keys |Language| and |Script| just pass these values to the
+ \textit{font}, and do \textit{not} set the script for the
+ \textit{language} (and therefore the writing direction). In other
+ words, the |ini| file or |\babelprovide| provides default values for
+ |\babelfont| if omitted, but the opposite is not true. See the note
+ above for the reasons of this behavior.
+\end{note}
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Do not use |\set|\textit{xxxx}|font| and |\babelfont| at the same
+ time. |\babelfont| follows the standard \LaTeX{} conventions to set
+ the basic families -- define |\|\textit{xx}|default|, and activate
+ it with |\|\textit{xx}|family|. On the other hand,
+ |\set|\textit{xxxx}|font| in \textsf{fontspec} takes a different
+ approach, because |\|\textit{xx}|family| is redefined with the
+ family name hardcoded (so that |\|\textit{xx}|default| becomes
+ no-op). Of course, both methods are incompatible, and if you use
+ |\set|\textit{xxxx}|font|, font switching with |\babelfont| just
+ does \textit{not} work (nor the standard |\|\textit{xx}|default|,
+ for that matter).
+\end{warning}
+
+\subsection{Modifying a language}
+
+Modifying the behavior of a language (say, the chapter “caption”), is
+sometimes necessary, but not always trivial.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The old way, still valid for many languages, to redefine a
+ caption is the following:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\addto\captionsenglish{%
+ \renewcommand\contentsname{Foo}%
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+ As of 3.15, there is no need to hide spaces with \texttt{\%}
+(\babel{} removes them), but it is advisable to do it.
+\item The new way, which is found in |bulgarian|, |azerbaijani|,
+ |spanish|, |french|, |turkish|, |icelandic|, |vietnamese| and a few
+ more, as well as in languages created with |\babelprovide| and its
+ key |import|, is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand\spanishchaptername{Foo}
+\end{verbatim}
+\item Macros to be run when a language is selected can be add to
+ |\extras|\m{lang}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\addto\extrasrussian{\mymacro}
+\end{verbatim}
+There is a counterpart for code to be run when a language is
+unselected: |\noextras|\m{lang}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{note}
+ These macros (|\captions|\m{lang}, |\extras|\m{lang}) may be redefined, but
+ must not be used as such -- they just pass information to \babel{},
+ which executes them in the proper context.
+\end{note}
+
+\subsection{Creating a language}
+
+\New{3.10} And what if there is no style for your language or none
+fits your needs? You may then define quickly a language with the
+help of the following macro in the preamble.
+
+\Describe\babelprovide{\oarg{options}\marg{language-name}}
+
+Defines the internal structure of the language with some defaults: the
+hyphen rules, if not available, are set to the current ones, left and
+right hyphen mins are set to 2 and 3, but captions and date are not
+defined. Conveniently, \babel{} warns you about what to do. Very
+likely you will find alerts like that in the |log| file:
+\begin{verbatim}
+Package babel Warning: \mylangchaptername not set. Please, define
+(babel) it in the preamble with something like:
+(babel) \renewcommand\maylangchaptername{..}
+(babel) Reported on input line 18.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In most cases, you will only need to define a few macros.
+
+\begin{example}
+ If you need a language named |arhinish|:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[danish]{babel}
+\babelprovide{arhinish}
+\renewcommand\arhinishchaptername{Chapitula}
+\renewcommand\arhinishrefname{Refirenke}
+\renewcommand\arhinishhyphenmins{22}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+
+The main language is not changed (\texttt{danish} in this example).
+So, you must add |\selectlanguage{arhinish}| or other selectors where
+necessary.
+
+If the language has been loaded as an argument in |\documentclass| or
+|\usepackage|, then |\babelprovide| redefines the requested data.
+
+\Describe{import=}{\meta{language-tag}}
+\New{3.13} Imports data from an |ini| file, including captions, date,
+and hyphenmins. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelprovide[import=hu]{hungarian}
+\end{verbatim}
+Unicode engines load the UTF-8 variants, while 8-bit engines load the
+LICR (ie, with macros like |\'| or |\ss|) ones.
+
+There are about 200 |ini| files, with data taken from the |ldf| files
+and the CLDR provided by Unicode. Not all languages in the latter are
+complete, and therefore neither are the |ini| files. A few languages
+will show a warning about the current lack of suitability of the date
+format (\textsf{hindi}, \textsf{french}, \textsf{breton}, and
+\textsf{occitan}).
+
+Besides |\today|, there is a |\<language>date| macro with three
+arguments: year, month and day numbers. In fact, |\today| calls
+|\<language>today|, which in turn calls
+|\<language>date{\the\year}{\the\month}{\the\day}|.
+
+\Describe{captions=}{\meta{language-tag}}
+Loads only the strings. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelprovide[captions=hu]{hungarian}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\Describe{hyphenrules=}{\meta{language-list}} With this option, with a
+space-separated list of hyphenation rules, \babel{} assigns to the
+language the first valid hyphenation rules in the list. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelprovide[hyphenrules=chavacano spanish italian]{chavacano}
+\end{verbatim}
+If none of the listed hyphenrules exist, the default behavior
+applies. Note in this example we set |chavacano| as first option --
+without it, it would select |spanish| even if |chavacano| exists.
+
+A special value is |+|, which allocates a new language (in the \TeX{}
+sense). It only makes sense as the last value (or the only one; the
+subsequent ones are silently ignored). It is mostly useful with
+\luatex, because you can add some patterns with |\babelpatterns|, as
+for example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelprovide[hyphenrules=+]{neo}
+\babelpatterns[neo]{a1 e1 i1 o1 u1}
+\end{verbatim}
+In other engines it just supresses hyphenation (because the pattern
+list is empty).
+
+\Describe{main}{} This valueless option makes the language the main
+one. Only in newly defined languages.
+
+\Describe{script=}{\meta{script-name}} \New{3.15} Sets the script name
+to be used by \textsf{fontspec} (eg, |Devanagari|). Overrides the
+value in the |ini| file. This value is particularly important because
+it sets the writing direction.
+
+\Describe{language=}{\meta{language-name}} \New{3.15} Sets the
+language name to be used by \textsf{fontspec} (eg, |Hindi|). Overrides
+the value in the |ini| file. Not so important, but sometimes still
+relevant.
+
+\begin{note}
+ (1) If you need shorthands, you can use |\useshorthands| and
+ |\defineshorthand| as described above. (2) Captions and |\today| are
+ ``ensured'' with |\babelensure| (this is be the default in
+ |ini|-based languages).
+\end{note}
+
+\subsection{Getting the current language name}
+
+\Describe\languagename{}
+The control sequence |\languagename| contains the name of the
+current language.
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Due to some internal inconsistencies in catcodes, it should
+ \textit{not} be used to test its value. Use \textsf{iflang}, by
+ Heiko Oberdiek.
+\end{warning}
+
+\Describe\iflanguage{\marg{language}\marg{true}\marg{false}}
+
+If more than one language is used, it might be necessary to know which
+language is active at a specific time. This can be checked by a call
+to |\iflanguage|, but note here ``language'' is used in the \TeX\
+sense, as a set of hyphenation patterns, and \textit{not} as its
+\textsf{babel} name. This macro takes three arguments. The first
+argument is the name of a language; the second and third arguments are
+the actions to take if the result of the test is true or false
+respectively.
+
+\begin{warning}
+ The advice about |\languagename| also applies here -- use
+ \textsf{iflang} instead of |\iflanguage| if possible.
+\end{warning}
+
+\subsection{Hyphenation tools}
+
+\Describe\babelhyphen{%
+ \colorbox{thegrey}{\ttfamily\hskip-.2em*\hskip-.2em}\marg{type}}
+\DescribeOther\babelhyphen{%
+ \colorbox{thegrey}{\ttfamily\hskip-.2em*\hskip-.2em}\marg{text}}
+
+\New{3.9a} It is customary to classify hyphens in two types: (1)
+\textit{explicit} or \textit{hard hyphens}, which in \TeX\ are
+entered as \verb|-|, and (2) \textit{optional} or \textit{soft
+hyphens}, which are entered as \verb|\-|. Strictly, a \textit{soft
+hyphen} is not a hyphen, but just a breaking oportunity or, in
+\TeX\ terms, a ``discretionary''; a \textit{hard hyphen} is a hyphen
+with a breaking oportunity after it. A further type is a
+\textit{non-breaking hyphen}, a hyphen without a breaking
+oportunity.
+
+In \TeX, \verb|-| and \verb|\-| forbid further breaking oportunities
+in the word. This is the desired behavior very often, but not always,
+and therefore many languages provide shorthands for these
+cases. Unfortunately, this has not been done consistently: for
+example, \verb|"-| in Dutch, Portugese, Catalan or Danish is a hard
+hyphen, while in German, Spanish, Norwegian, Slovak or Russian is a
+soft hyphen. Furthermore, some of them even redefine |\-|, so that you
+cannot insert a soft hyphen without breaking oportunities in the rest
+of the word.
+
+Therefore, some macros are provide with a set of basic ``hyphens''
+which can be used by themselves, to define a user shorthand, or even
+in language files.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\babelhyphen{soft}| and |\babelhyphen{hard}| are self
+ explanatory.
+\item |\babelhyphen{repeat}| inserts a hard hyphen which is repeated
+ at the beginning of the next line, as done in languages like
+ Polish, Portugese and Spanish.
+\item |\babelhyphen{nobreak}| inserts a hard hyphen without a break
+ after it (even if a space follows).
+\item |\babelhyphen{empty}| inserts a break oportunity without
+ a hyphen at all.
+\item |\babelhyphen|\marg{text} is a hard ``hyphen'' using \m{text}
+ instead. A typical case is |\babelhyphen{/}|.
+\end{itemize}
+With all of them hyphenation in the rest of the word is enabled. If
+you don't want enabling it, there is a starred counterpart:
+|\babelhyphen*{soft}| (which in most cases is equivalent to the
+original |\-|), |\babelhyphen*{hard}|, etc.
+
+Note |hard| is also good for isolated prefixes (eg, \textit{anti-})
+and |nobreak| for isolated suffixes (eg, \textit{-ism}), but in both
+cases |\babelhyphen*{nobreak}| is usually better.
+
+There are also some differences with \LaTeX: (1) the character used is
+that set for the current font, while in \LaTeX{} it is hardwired to
+|-| (a typical value); (2) the hyphen to be used in fonts with a
+negative |\hyphenchar| is |-|, like in \LaTeX, but it can be changed to
+another value by redefining |\babelnullhyphen|; (3) a break after the
+hyphen is forbidden if preceded by a glue ${>}0$~pt (at the beginning
+of a word, provided it is not immediately preceded by, say, a
+parenthesis).
+
+\Describe\babelhyphenation{\texttt{[}\langlist\texttt{]}%
+ \marg{exceptions}}
+
+\New{3.9a} Sets hyphenation exceptions for the languages given
+or, without the optional argument, for \textit{all} languages (eg,
+proper nouns or common loan words, and of course monolingual
+documents). Language exceptions take precedence over global ones.
+
+It can be used only in the preamble, and exceptions are set when the
+language is first selected, thus taking into account changes of
+|\lccodes|'s done in |\extras|\m{lang} as well as the language specific
+encoding (not set in the preamble by default). Multiple
+|\babelhyphenation|'s are allowed. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\babelhyphenation{Wal-hal-la Dar-bhan-ga}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Listed words are saved expanded and therefore it relies on the
+LICR. Of course, it also works without the LICR if the input and the
+font encodings are the same, like in Unicode based engines.
+
+\Describe\babelpatterns{\texttt{[}\langlist\texttt{]}%
+ \marg{patterns}}
+
+\New{3.9m} \textit{In \textsf{luatex} only},\footnote{With
+\textsf{luatex} exceptions and patterns can be modified almost
+freely. However, this is very likely a task for a separate package
+and \texttt{babel} only provides the most basic tools.} adds or
+replaces patterns for the languages given or, without the optional
+argument, for \textit{all} languages. If a pattern for a certain
+combination already exists, it gets replaced by the new one.
+
+It can be used only in the preamble, and patterns are added when the
+language is first selected, thus taking into account changes of
+|\lccodes|'s done in |\extras|\m{lang} as well as the language specific
+encoding (not set in the preamble by default). Multiple
+|\babelpatterns|'s are allowed.
+
+Listed patterns are saved expanded and therefore it relies on the
+LICR. Of course, it also works without the LICR if the input and the
+font encodings are the same, like in Unicode based engines.
+
+\subsection{Selecting scripts}
+
+Currently \babel{} provides no standard interface to select
+scripts, because they are best selected with either |\fontencoding|
+(low level) or a language name (high level). Even the Latin script may
+require different encodings (ie, sets of glyphs) depending on the
+language, and therefore such a switch would be in a sense
+incomplete.\footnote{The so-called Unicode fonts do not improve the
+situation either. So, a font suited for Vietnamese is not necessarily
+suited for, say, the romanization of Indic languages, and the fact it
+contains glyphs for Modern Greek does not mean it includes them for
+Classic Greek.}
+
+Some languages sharing the same script define macros to switch it (eg,
+|\textcyrillic|), but be aware they may also set the language to a
+certain default. Even the \babel{} core defined |\textlatin|, but is
+was somewhat buggy because in some cases it messed up encodings and
+fonts (for example, if the main latin encoding was |LY1|), and
+therefore it has been deprecated.\footnote{But still defined for
+backwards compatibility.}
+
+\Describe{\ensureascii}{\marg{text}}
+
+\New{3.9i} This macro makes sure \m{text} is typeset with a
+LICR-savvy encoding in the ASCII range. It is used to redefine |\TeX|
+and |\LaTeX| so that they are correctly typeset even with |LGR| or
+|X2| (the complete list is stored in |\BabelNonASCII|, which by default
+is |LGR|, |X2|, |OT2|, |OT3|, |OT6|, |LHE|, |LWN|, |LMA|, |LMC|,
+|LMS|, |LMU|, but you can modify it). So, in some sense it fixes the
+bug described in the previous paragraph.
+
+If non-ASCII encodings are not loaded (or no encoding at all), it is
+no-op (also |\TeX| and |\LaTeX| are not redefined); otherwise,
+|\ensureascii| switches to the encoding at the beginning of the
+document if ASCII-savvy, or else the last ASCII-savvy encoding
+loaded. For example, if you load |LY1,LGR|, then it is set to |LY1|,
+but if you load |LY1,T2A| it is set to |T2A|. The symbol encodings
+|TS1|, |T3|, and |TS3| are not taken into account, since they are not
+used for ``ordinary'' text.
+
+The foregoing rules (which are applied ``at begin document'') cover
+most of cases. No asumption is made on characters above
+127, which may not follow the LICR conventions -- the goal is just
+to ensure most of the ASCII letters and symbols are the right ones.
+
+\subsection{Selecting directions}
+\label{bidi}
+
+No macros to select the writing direction are provided, either --
+writing direction is intrinsic to each script and therefore it is best
+set by the language (which could be a dummy one). Furthermore, there
+are in fact two right-to-left modes, depending on the language, which
+differ in the way `weak' numeric characters are ordered (eg, Arabic
+\%123 \textit{vs} Hebrew 123\%).
+
+\begin{warning}
+ Setting bidi text has many subtleties (see for example
+ <https://www.w3.org/TR/html-bidi/>). \textit{This means the \babel{}
+ bidi code may take some time before it is truly stable.}\footnote{A
+ basic stable version for \luatex{} is planned before Summer
+ 2018. Other engines must wait very likely until Winter.} An effort
+ is being made to avoid incompatibilities in the future (this one of
+ the reason currently bidi must be explicitly requested as a package
+ option, with a certain bidi model, and also the |layout| options
+ described below).
+\end{warning}
+
+There are some package options controlling bidi writing.
+
+\Describe{bidi=}{\texttt{default} $\string|$ \texttt{basic-r}
+ $\string|$ \texttt{basic}}
+
+\New{3.14} Selects the bidi algorithm to be used. With |default| the
+bidi mechanism is just activated (by default it is not), but every
+change must by marked up. In \xetex{} and \pdftex{} this is the only
+option. In \luatex, |basic-r| provides a simple and fast method for R
+text, which handles numbers and unmarked L text within an R context.
+\New{3.19} Finally, |basic| suports both L and R text (see
+\ref{bidibasic}). (They are named \texttt{basic} because they only
+consider the intrinsic direction of scripts and weak directionality.)
+
+\begin{example}
+ The following text comes from the Arabic Wikipedia (article about
+ Arabia). Copy-pasting some text from the Wikipedia is a good way to
+ test this feature, which will be improved in the future. Remember
+ |basic-r| is available in \luatex{} only.\footnote{At the time of
+ this writing some Arabic fonts are not rendered correctly by the
+ default \luatex{} font loader, with misplaced kerns inside some
+ words, so double check the resulting text. It seems a fix is on the
+ way, but in the meanwhile you could have a look at the workaround
+ available on GitHub, under \texttt{/required/babel/samples}}
+ \begingroup
+% If you are looking at the code to see how it has been written, you
+% will be disappointed :-). The following example is built ad hoc to
+% emulate the final result to avoid dependencies, and therefore it's
+% not "real" code.
+\setmonofont[Scale=.87,Script=Arabic]{DejaVu Sans Mono} \catcode`@=13
+\def@#1{\ifcase#1\relax \egroup \or \bgroup\textdir TLT \else
+\bgroup\textdir TRT \pardir TRT \fi}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[nil, _bidi=basic-r_]{babel}
+
+_\babelprovide[import=ar, main]{arabic}_
+
+\babelfont{rm}{FreeSerif}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+ at 9وقد عرفت شبه جزيرة العرب طيلة العصر الهيليني )الاغريقي( بـ
+ at 1Arabia@0 أو @1Aravia at 0 )بالاغريقية @1Αραβία@0(، استخدم الرومان ثلاث
+بادئات بـ@1“Arabia”@0 على ثلاث مناطق من شبه الجزيرة العربية، إلا أنها
+حقيقةً كانت أكبر مما تعرف عليه اليوم.
+
+ at 0\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+\end{example}
+
+\Describe{layout=}{\texttt{sectioning} $\string|$
+ \texttt{counters} $\string|$
+ \texttt{lists} $\string|$
+ \texttt{contents} $\string|$
+ \texttt{footnotes} $\string|$
+ \texttt{captions} $\string|$
+ \texttt{columns} $\string|$
+ \texttt{extras}}
+
+\New{3.16} \textit{To be expanded}. Selects which layout elements are
+adapted in bidi documents. You may use several options with a
+comma-separated list (eg, |layout=counters.contents.sectioning|). This
+list will be expanded in future releases (tables, captions,
+etc.). Note not all options are required by all engines.
+
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
+ \hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\color{thered}#1}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+
+\item[sectioning] makes sure the sectioning macros are typeset in the
+ main language, but with the title text in the current language (see
+ below |\BabelPatchSection| for further details);
+
+\item[counters] required in all engines (except \luatex{} with
+ |bidi=basic|) to reorder correctly section numbers and the like (eg,
+ \m{subsection}.\m{section}); required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} for
+ counters in general, as well as in \luatex{} with |bidi=default|;
+ required in \luatex{} for numeric footnote marks $>$9 with
+ |bidi=basic-r| (but \textit{not} with |bidi=basic|); note, however,
+ it could depend on the counter format;
+
+\item[lists] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{}, but only in
+ multilingual documents in \luatex{};
+
+\item[contents] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{}; in \luatex{}
+ toc entries are R by default if the main language is R;
+
+\item[columns] required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} to reverse the
+ column order (currently only the standard two column mode); in
+ \luatex{} they are R by default if the main language is R (including
+ \textsf{multicol});
+
+\item[footnotes] not required in monolingual documents, but it may be
+ useful in multilingual documents in all engines; you may use
+ alternatively |\BabelFootnote| described below (what this options
+ does exactly is also explained there).
+
+\item[captions] is similar to |sectioning|, but for |\caption|; not
+ required in monolingual documents with \luatex{}, but may be
+ required in \xetex{} and \pdftex{} in some styles (support for the
+ latter two engines is still experimental); \New{3.18}
+
+\item[tabular] required in \luatex{} for R |tabular| (it has been
+ tested only with simple tables, so expect some readjustments in the
+ future); ignored in \pdftex{} or \xetex{} (which will not support a
+ similar option in the short term). \New{3.18}
+
+\item[extras] is used for miscelaneous readjustments which do not fit into
+ the previous groups. Currently redefines in \luatex{} |\underline| and
+ |LaTeX2e|. \New{3.19}
+\end{description}
+
+\Describe{\babelsublr}{\marg{lr-text}}
+
+Digits in \pdftex{} must be marked up explicitly (unlike \luatex{}
+with |bidi=basic-r| and, usually, \xetex{}). Mainly for it (although
+available in all engines, because it can be useful), this command is
+provided to set \marg{lr-text} in L mode. It's intended for what
+Unicode calls weak characters, because words are best set with the
+corresponding language. For this reason, there is no |rl| counterpart.
+
+\Describe{\BabelPatchSection}{\marg{section-name}}
+
+Mainly for bidi text, but it could be useful in other
+cases. |\BabelPatchSection| and the corresponding option
+|layout=sectioning| takes a more logical approach (at least in many
+cases) because it applies the global language to the section format
+(including the |\chaptername| in |\chapter|), while the section text
+is still the current language. The latter is passed to tocs and marks,
+too, and with |sectioning| in |layout| they both reset the “global”
+language to the main one, while the text uses the “local”
+language
+
+With |layout=sectioning| all the standard sectioning
+commands are redefined, but with this command you can set them
+individually if necessary (but note then tocs and marks are not
+touched).
+
+\Describe{\BabelFootnote}{\marg{cmd}\marg{local-language}%
+ \marg{before}\marg{after}}
+
+\New{3.17} Something like:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\BabelFootnote{\parsfootnote}{\languagename}{(}{)}
+\end{verbatim}
+defines |\parsfootnote| so that |\parsfootnote{note}| is equivalent to:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\footnote{(\foreignlanguage{\languagename}{note})}
+\end{verbatim}
+but the footnote itself is typeset in the main language (to unify its
+direction). In addition, |\parsfootnotetext| is defined. The option
+|footnotes| just does the following:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\BabelFootnote{\footnote}{\languagename}{}{}%
+\BabelFootnote{\localfootnote}{\languagename}{}{}%
+\BabelFootnote{\mainfootnote}{}{}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+(which also redefine |\footnotetext| and define |\localfootnotetext|
+and |\mainfootnotetext|). If the language argument is empty, then no
+language is selected inside the argument of the footnote. Note this
+command is available always in bidi documents, even without
+|layout=footnotes|.
+
+\begin{example}
+ If you want to preserve directionality in footnotes and there are
+ many footnotes entirely in English, you can define:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\BabelFootnote{\enfootnote}{english}{}{.}
+\end{verbatim}
+ It adds a period outside the English part, so that it is placed
+ at the left in the last line. This means the dot the end of the
+ footnote text should be omitted.
+\end{example}
+
+\subsection{Language attributes}
+
+\DescribeMacro{\languageattribute}
+This is a user-level command, to be used in the preamble of a
+document (after |\usepackage[...]{babel}|), that declares which
+attributes are to be used for a given language. It takes two
+arguments: the first is the name of the language; the second,
+a (list of) attribute(s) to be used. Attributes must be set in the
+preamble and only once -- they cannot be turned on and off.
+The command checks whether the language is known in this document
+and whether the attribute(s) are known for this language.
+
+Very often, using a \textit{modifier} in a package option is better.
+
+Several language definition files use their own methods to set
+options. For example, \textsf{french} uses |\frenchsetup|,
+\textsf{magyar} (1.5) uses |\magyarOptions|; modifiers provided by
+|spanish| have no attribute counterparts. Macros settting
+options are also used (eg, |\ProsodicMarksOn| in \textsf{latin}).
+
+\subsection{Hooks}
+
+\New{3.9a} A hook is a piece of code to be executed at certain
+events. Some hooks are predefined when \luatex{} and \xetex{} are
+used.
+
+\Describe\AddBabelHook{\marg{name}\marg{event}\marg{code}}
+
+The same name can be applied to several events. Hooks may be enabled
+and disabled for all defined events with
+|\EnableBabelHook|\marg{name}, |\DisableBabelHook|\marg{name}. Names
+containing the string |babel| are reserved (they are used, for
+example, by |\useshortands*| to add a hook for the event
+|afterextras|).
+
+Current events are the following; in some of them you can use one to
+three \TeX{} parameters (|#1|, |#2|, |#3|), with the meaning given:
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
+ \hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\color{thered}#1}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\item[adddialect] (language name, dialect name) Used by
+ \file{luababel.def} to load the patterns if not preloaded.
+\item[patterns] (language name, language with encoding) Executed just
+ after the |\language| has been set. The second argument has the
+ patterns name actually selected (in the form of either |lang:ENC| or
+ |lang|).
+\item[hyphenation] (language name, language with encoding) Executed
+ locally just before exceptions given in |\babelhyphenation| are
+ actually set.
+\item[defaultcommands] Used (locally) in |\StartBabelCommands|.
+\item[encodedcommands] (input, font encodings) Used (locally) in
+ |\StartBabelCommands|. Both \xetex{} and \luatex{} make sure the
+ encoded text is read correctly.
+\item[stopcommands] Used to reset the the above, if necessary.
+\item[write] This event comes just after the switching commands are
+ written to the |aux| file.
+\item[beforeextras] Just before executing |\extras|\m{language}. This
+ event and the next one should not contain language-dependent code
+ (for that, add it to |\extras|\m{language}).
+\item[afterextras] Just after executing |\extras|\m{language}. For
+ example, the following deactivates shorthands in all languages:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AddBabelHook{noshort}{afterextras}{\languageshorthands{none}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[stringprocess] Instead of a parameter, you can manipulate the
+ macro |\BabelString| containing the string to be defined with
+ |\SetString|. For example, to use an expanded version of the string
+ in the definition, write:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AddBabelHook{myhook}{stringprocess}{%
+ \protected at edef\BabelString{\BabelString}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[initiateactive] (char as active, char as other, original char)
+ \New{3.9i} Executed just after a shorthand has been `initiated'. The three
+ parameters are the same character with different catcodes: active,
+ other (|\string|'ed) and the original one.
+\item[afterreset] \New{3.9i} Executed when selecting a language just after
+ |\originalTeX| is run and reset to its base value, before executing
+ |\captions|\m{language} and |\date|\m{language}.
+\end{description}
+
+Four events are used in \file{hyphen.cfg}, which are handled in a
+quite different way for efficiency reasons -- unlike the precedent
+ones, they only have a single hook and replace a default definition.
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
+ \hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\color{thered}#1}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\item[everylanguage] (language) Executed before every language patterns are loaded.
+\item[loadkernel] (file) By default loads |switch.def|. It can be used
+ to load a different version of this files or to load nothing.
+\item[loadpatterns] (patterns file) Loads the patterns file. Used by
+ \file{luababel.def}.
+\item[loadexceptions] (exceptions file) Loads the exceptions
+ file. Used by \file{luababel.def}.
+\end{description}
+
+\Describe\BabelContentsFiles{}
+\New{3.9a} This macro contains a list of ``toc'' types
+requiring a command to switch the language. Its default value is
+|toc,lof,lot|, but you may redefine it with |\renewcommand| (it's up
+to you to make sure no toc type is duplicated).
+
+\subsection{Languages supported by \babel}
+
+In the following table most of the languages supported by \babel{} with
+and |.ldf| file are listed, together with the names of the option which
+you can load \babel\ with for each language. Note this list is open and
+the current options may be different. It does not include |ini| files.
+
+\begin{description}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\sffamily
+\item[Afrikaans] afrikaans
+\item[Azerbaijani] azerbaijani
+\item[Basque] basque
+\item[Breton] breton
+\item[Bulgarian] bulgarian
+\item[Catalan] catalan
+\item[Croatian] croatian
+\item[Czech] czech
+\item[Danish] danish
+\item[Dutch] dutch
+\item[English] english, USenglish, american, UKenglish,
+ british, canadian, australian, newzealand
+\item[Esperanto] esperanto
+\item[Estonian] estonian
+\item[Finnish] finnish
+\item[French] french, francais, canadien, acadian
+\item[Galician] galician
+\item[German] austrian, german, germanb, ngerman, naustrian
+\item[Greek] greek, polutonikogreek
+\item[Hebrew] hebrew
+\item[Icelandic] icelandic
+\item[Indonesian] bahasa, indonesian, indon, bahasai
+\item[Interlingua] interlingua
+\item[Irish Gaelic] irish
+\item[Italian] italian
+\item[Latin] latin
+\item[Lower Sorbian] lowersorbian
+\item[Malay] bahasam, malay, melayu
+\item[North Sami] samin
+\item[Norwegian] norsk, nynorsk
+\item[Polish] polish
+\item[Portuguese] portuges, portuguese, brazilian, brazil
+\item[Romanian] romanian
+\item[Russian] russian
+\item[Scottish Gaelic] scottish
+\item[Spanish] spanish
+\item[Slovakian] slovak
+\item[Slovenian] slovene
+\item[Swedish] swedish
+\item[Serbian] serbian
+\item[Turkish] turkish
+\item[Ukrainian] ukrainian
+\item[Upper Sorbian] uppersorbian
+\item[Welsh] welsh
+\end{description}
+
+There are more languages not listed above, including \textsf{hindi,
+thai, thaicjk, latvian, turkmen, magyar, mongolian, romansh,
+lithuanian, spanglish, vietnamese, japanese, pinyin, arabic, farsi,
+ibygreek, bgreek, serbianc, frenchle, ethiop} and \textsf{friulan}.
+
+Most of them work out of the box, but some may require extra fonts,
+encoding files, a preprocessor or even a complete framework (like
+CJK). For example, if you have got the \textsf{velthuis/devnag} package,
+you can create a file with extension |.dn|:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[hindi]{babel}
+\begin{document}
+{\dn devaanaa.m priya.h}
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Then you preprocess it with |devnag| \m{file}, which creates
+\m{file}|.tex|; you can then typeset the latter with \LaTeX.
+
+\subsection{Tips, workarounds, know issues and notes}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item If you use the document class \cls{book} \emph{and} you use
+ |\ref| inside the argument of |\chapter| (or just use |\ref| inside
+ |\MakeUppercase|), \LaTeX\ will keep complaining about an undefined
+ label. To prevent such problems, you could revert to using
+ uppercase labels, you can use |\lowercase{\ref{foo}}| inside the
+ argument of |\chapter|, or, if you will not use shorthands in
+ labels, set the |safe| option to |none| or |bib|.
+
+\item\catcode`\|=12\relax Both \textsf{ltxdoc} and \textsf{babel} use
+ \verb|\AtBeginDocument| to change some catcodes, and babel reloads
+ \textsf{hhline} to make sure \verb|:| has the right one, so if you
+ want to change the catcode of \verb/|/ it has to be done using the
+ same method at the proper place, with
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AtBeginDocument{\DeleteShortVerb{\|}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \textit{before} loading babel. This way, when the document begins
+ the sequence is (1) make \verb/|/ active (\textsf{ltxdoc}); (2) make
+ it unactive (your settings); (3) make babel shorthands active
+ (\textsf{babel)}; (4) reload \textsf{hhline} (\textsf{babel}, now
+ with the correct catcodes for \verb/|/ and
+ \verb|:|).\catcode`\|=\active
+
+\item Documents with several input encodings are not frequent, but
+ sometimes are useful. You can set different encodings for different
+ languages as the following example shows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\addto\extrasfrench{\inputencoding{latin1}}
+\addto\extrasrussian{\inputencoding{koi8-r}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ (A recent version of \textsf{inputenc} is required.)
+ \item For the hyphenation to work correctly, lccodes cannot change,
+ because \TeX{} only takes into account the values when the
+ paragraph is hyphenated, i.e., when it has been
+ finished.\footnote{This explains why \LaTeX{} assumes the lowercase
+ mapping of T1 and does not provide a tool for multiple
+ mappings. Unfortunately, \cs{savinghyphcodes} is not a solution
+ either, because lccodes for hyphenation are frozen in the format
+ and cannot be changed.} So, if you write a chunk of French text
+ with |\foreinglanguage|, the apostrophes might not be taken into
+ account. This is a limitation of \TeX, not of
+ \babel. Alternatively, you may use |\useshorthands| to activate |'|
+ and |\defineshorthand|, or redefine |\textquoteright| (the latter
+ is called by the non-ASCII right quote).
+\item \verb|\bibitem| is out of sync with \verb|\selectlanguage| in
+ the \file{.aux} file. The reason is \verb|\bibitem| uses
+ \verb|\immediate| (and others, in fact), while
+ \verb|\selectlanguage| doesn't. There is no known workaround.
+\item Babel does not take into account |\normalsfcodes| and
+ (non-)French spacing is not always properly (un)set by
+ languages. However, problems are unlikely to happen and therefore
+ this part remains untouched in version 3.9 (but it is in the `to
+ do' list).
+\item Using a character mathematically active (ie, with math code
+ |"8000|) as a shorthand can make \TeX{} enter in an infinite loop in
+ some rare cases. (Another issue in the `to do' list, although there
+ is a partial solution.)
+\end{itemize}
+
+The following packages can be useful, too (the list is still
+far from complete):
+\begin{description}
+\itemsep=-\parskip
+\item[csquotes] Logical markup for quotes.
+\item[iflang] Tests correctly the current language.
+\item[hyphsubst] Selects a different set of patterns for a language.
+\item[translator] An open platform for packages that need to be
+ localized.
+\item[siunitx] Typesetting of numbers and physical quantities.
+\item[biblatex] Programmable bibliographies and citations.
+\item[bicaption] Bilingual captions.
+\item[babelbib] Multilingual bibliographies.
+\item[microtype] Adjusts the typesetting according to
+some languages (kerning and spacing). Ligatures can be disabled.
+\item[substitutefont] Combines fonts in several encodings.
+\item[mkpattern] Generates hyphenation patterns.
+\item[tracklang] Tracks which languages have been requested.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Current and future work}
+
+Current work is focused on the so-called complex scripts in \luatex{}.
+In 8-bit engines, \babel{} provided a basic support for bidi text as part
+of the style for Hebrew, but it is somewhat unsatisfactory and
+internally replaces some hardwired commands by other hardwired
+commands (generic changes would be much better).
+
+It is possible now to typeset Arabic or Hebrew with numbers and L
+text. Next on the roadmap are line breaking in Thai and the like,
+as well as “non-European” digits. Also on the roadmap are R layouts
+(lists, footnotes, tables, column order), page and section numbering,
+and maybe kashida justification.
+
+As to Thai line breaking, here is the basic idea of what \luatex{} can
+do for us, with the Thai patterns and a little script (the final
+version will not be so little, of course). It replaces each
+discretionary by the equivalent to ZWJ.
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\_=13 \def_{\string_}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[nil]{babel}
+
+\babelprovide[import=th, main]{thai}
+
+\babelfont{rm}{FreeSerif}
+
+\directlua{
+local GLYF = node.id'glyph'
+function insertsp (head)
+ local size = 0
+ for item in node.traverse(head) do
+ local i = item.id
+ if i == GLYF then
+ f = font.getfont(item.font)
+ size = f.size
+ elseif i == 7 then
+ local n = node.new(12, 0)
+ node.setglue(n, 0, size * 1) % 1 is a factor
+ node.insert_before(head, item, n)
+ node.remove(head, item)
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+luatexbase.add_to_callback('hyphenate',
+ function (head, tail)
+ lang.hyphenate(head)
+ insertsp(head)
+ end, 'insertsp')
+}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+(Thai text.)
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+
+Useful additions would be, for example, time, currency, addresses and
+personal names.\footnote{See for example POSIX, ISO 14652 and the
+Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR). Those system, however,
+have limited application to \TeX\ because their aim is just to display
+information and not fine typesetting.}. But that is the easy
+part, because they don't require modifying the \LaTeX{} internals.
+
+Also interesting are differences in the sentence structure or related
+to it. For example, in Basque the number precedes the name (including
+chapters), in Hungarian ``from (1)'' is ``(1)-b\H{o}l'', but ``from
+(3)'' is ``(3)-b\'{o}l'', in Spanish an item labelled
+``3.$^{\textrm{\scriptsize o}}$'' may be referred to as either
+``\'{\i}tem 3.$^{\textrm{\scriptsize o}}$'' or
+``3.$^{\textrm{\scriptsize er}}$ \'{\i}tem'', and so on.
+
+\subsection{Tentative and experimental code}
+\label{bidibasic}
+
+\textbf{Option \texttt{bidi=basic}}
+
+\New{3.19} With this package option \textit{both} L and R text can be
+mixed without explicit markup (the latter will be only necessary in
+some special cases where the Unicode algorithm fails). It is used much
+like |bidi=basic-r|, but with R text inside L text you may want to map
+the font so that the correct features are in force. This is accomplised
+with an option in |\babelprovide|, as illustrated:
+ \begingroup
+% If you are looking at the code to see how it has been written, you
+% will be disappointed :-). The following example is built ad hoc to
+% emulate the final result to avoid dependencies, and therefore it's
+% not "real" code.
+\setmonofont[Scale=.87,Script=Arabic]{DejaVu Sans Mono} \catcode`@=13
+\def@#1{\ifcase#1\relax \egroup \or \bgroup\textdir TRT \else
+\bgroup\textdir TLT \pardir TLT \fi}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{book}
+
+\usepackage[english, _bidi=basic_]{babel}
+
+\babelprovide[_mapfont=direction_]{arabic}
+
+\babelfont{rm}{Crimson}
+\babelfont[*arabic]{rm}{FreeSerif}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+Most Arabic speakers consider the two varieties to be two registers
+of one language, although the two registers can be referred to in
+Arabic as @1فصحى العصر@0 \textit{fuṣḥā l-ʻaṣr} (MSA) and
+ at 1فصحى التراث@0 \textit{fuṣḥā t-turāth} (CA).
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\endgroup
+What |mapfont=direction| means is, ‘when a character has the same
+direction as the script for the “provided” language (|arabic| in this
+case), then change its font to that set for this language (here defined
+indirectly via |*arabic|)’.
+
+There is a sample on GitHub, under \texttt{/required/babel/samples}.
+
+\medskip
+\textbf{Old stuff}
+
+A couple of tentative macros were provided by \babel{} ($\ge$3.9g) with
+a partial solution for ``Unicode'' fonts. These macros are now
+deprecated --- use |\babelfont|. A short description follows, for
+refere
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\babelFSstore|\marg{babel-language} sets the current three
+ basic families (rm, sf, tt) as the default for the language
+ given.
+\item |\babelFSdefault|\marg{babel-language}\marg{fontspec-features}
+ patches |\fontspec| so that the given features are always passed as
+ the optional argument or added to it (not an ideal solution).
+\end{itemize}
+So, for example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setmainfont[Language=Turkish]{Minion Pro}
+\babelFSstore{turkish}
+\setmainfont{Minion Pro}
+\babelFSfeatures{turkish}{Language=Turkish}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\medskip
+\textbf{Bidi writing} in \luatex{} is under development, but a basic
+implementation is almost finished. On the other hand, in \xetex{} it is
+taking its first steps. The latter engine poses quite different
+challenges. An option to manage document layout in \luatex{} (lists,
+footnotes, etc.) is almost finished, but \xetex{} required more work.
+
+See the code section for |\foreignlanguage*| (a new starred version of
+|\foreignlanguage|).
+
+\xetex{} relies on the font to properly handle these unmarked changes,
+so it is not under the control of \TeX.
+
+\section{Loading languages with \file{language.dat}}
+
+\TeX{} and most engines based on it (pdf\TeX, \xetex, $\epsilon$-\TeX,
+the main exception being \luatex) require hyphenation patterns to be
+preloaded when a format is created (eg, \LaTeX, Xe\LaTeX,
+pdf\LaTeX). \babel{} provides a tool which has become standand in many
+distributions and based on a ``configuration file'' named
+\file{language.dat}. The exact way this file is used depends on the
+distribution, so please, read the documentation for the latter (note
+also some distributions generate the file with some tool).
+
+\New{3.9q} With \luatex, however, patterns are loaded on the fly when
+requested by the language (except the ``0th'' language, typically
+\textsf{english}, which is preloaded always).\footnote{This feature
+was added to 3.9o, but it was buggy. Both 3.9o and 3.9p are
+deprecated.} Until 3.9n, this task was delegated to the package
+\textsf{luatex-hyphen}, by Khaled Hosny, \'Elie Roux, and Manuel
+P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, and required an extra file named
+|language.dat.lua|, but now a new mechanism has been devised based
+solely on |language.dat|. \textbf{You must rebuild the formats} if
+upgrading from a previous version. You may want to have a local
+|language.dat| for a particular project (for example, a book on
+Chemistry).\footnote{The loader for lua(e)tex is slightly different as
+it's not based on \babel{} but on \texttt{etex.src}. Until 3.9p it
+just didn't work, but thanks to the new code it works by reloading the
+data in the \babel{} way, i.e., with \texttt{language.dat}.}
+
+\subsection{Format}
+
+In that file the person who maintains a \TeX\ environment has to record
+for which languages he has hyphenation patterns \emph{and} in which
+files these are stored\footnote{This is because different operating
+systems sometimes use \emph{very} different file-naming
+conventions.}. When hyphenation exceptions are stored in a separate
+file this can be indicated by naming that file \emph{after} the file
+with the hyphenation patterns.
+
+The file can contain empty lines and comments, as well as lines which
+start with an equals (\texttt{=}) sign. Such a line will instruct
+\LaTeX\ that the hyphenation patterns just processed have to be known
+under an alternative name. Here is an example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+% File : language.dat
+% Purpose : tell iniTeX what files with patterns to load.
+english english.hyphenations
+=british
+
+dutch hyphen.dutch exceptions.dutch % Nederlands
+german hyphen.ger
+\end{verbatim}
+
+You may also set the font encoding the patterns are intended for by
+following the language name by a colon and the encoding
+code.\footnote{This in not a new feature, but in former versions it
+didn't work correctly.} For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+german:T1 hyphenT1.ger
+german hyphen.ger
+\end{verbatim}
+With the previous settings, if the enconding when the language is
+selected is |T1| then the patterns in \file{hyphenT1.ger} are
+used, but otherwise use those in \file{hyphen.ger} (note the encoding
+could be set in |\extras|\m{lang}).
+
+A typical error when using \babel{} is the following:
+\begin{verbatim}
+No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
+the language `<lang>' into the format.
+Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
+rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
+preloaded for english instead}}
+\end{verbatim}
+It simply means you must reconfigure \file{language.dat}, either by
+hand or with the tools provided by your distribution.
+
+\section{The interface between the core of \babel{} and the language
+definition files}
+
+The \textit{language definition files} (ldf) must conform to a
+number of conventions, because these files have to fill in the gaps
+left by the common code in \file{babel.def}, i.\,e., the
+definitions of the macros that produce texts. Also the
+language-switching possibility which has been built into the
+\babel{} system has its implications.
+
+The following assumptions are made:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Some of the language-specific definitions might be used by plain
+ \TeX\ users, so the files have to be coded so that they can be read
+ by both \LaTeX\ and plain \TeX. The current format can be checked by
+ looking at the value of the macro |\fmtname|.
+\item The common part of the \babel{} system redefines a number of
+ macros and environments (defined previously in the document style)
+ to put in the names of macros that replace the previously hard-wired
+ texts. These macros have to be defined in the language definition
+ files.
+\item The language definition files must define five macros, used to
+ activate and deactivate the language-specific definitions. These
+ macros are |\|\langvar|hyphenmins|, |\captions|\langvar,
+ |\date|\langvar, |\extras|\langvar\ and |\noextras|\langvar (the
+ last two may be left empty); where \langvar\ is either the name of
+ the language definition file or the name of the \LaTeX\ option that
+ is to be used. These macros and their functions are discussed
+ below. You must define all or none for a language (or a dialect);
+ defining, say, |\date|\langvar\ but not |\captions|\langvar\ does
+ not raise an error but can lead to unexpected results.
+\item When a language definition file is loaded, it can define
+ |\l@|\langvar\ to be a dialect of |\language0| when |\l@|\langvar\
+ is undefined.
+\item Language names must be all lowercase. If an unknow language is
+ selected, \babel{} will attempt setting it after lowercasing its
+ name.
+\item The semantics of modifiers is not defined (on purpose). In
+ most cases, they will just be simple separated options (eg,
+ \texttt{spanish}), but a language might require, say, a set of
+ options organized as a tree with suboptions (in such a case, the
+ recommended separator is \verb|/|).
+\end{itemize}
+
+Some recommendations:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The preferred shorthand is |"|, which is not used in \LaTeX{}
+ (quotes are entered as |``| and |''|). Other good choices are
+ characters which are not used in a certain context (eg, |=| in an
+ ancient language). Note however |=|, |<|, |>|, |:| and the like
+ can be dangerous, because they may be used as part of the syntax
+ of some elements (numeric expressions, key/value pairs, etc.).
+\item Captions should not contain shorthands or encoding dependent
+ commands (the latter is not always possible, but should be clearly
+ documented). They should be defined using the LICR. You may
+ also use the new tools for encoded strings, described below.
+\item Avoid adding things to |\noextras|\m{lang} except for umlauthigh
+ and friends, |\bbl at deactivate|, |\bbl@(non)frenchspacing|, and
+ language specific macros. Use always, if possible, |\bbl at save| and
+ |\bbl at savevariable| (except if you still want to have access to the
+ previous value). Do not reset a macro or a setting to a hardcoded
+ value. Never. Instead save its value in |\extras|\m{lang}.
+\item Do not switch scripts. If you want to make sure a set of glyphs
+ is used, switch either the font encoding (low level) or the language
+ (high level, which in turn may switch the font encoding). Usage of things
+ like |\latintext| is deprecated.\footnote{But not removed, for backward
+ compatibility.}
+\item Please, for ``private'' internal macros do not use the |\bbl@|
+ prefix. It is used by \babel{} and it can lead to incompatibilities.
+\end{itemize}
+
+There are no special requirements for documenting your language
+files. Now they are not included in the base \babel{} manual, so
+provide a standalone document suited for your needs, as well as other
+files you think can be useful. A PDF and a ``readme'' are strongly
+recommended.
+
+\subsection{Guidelines for contributed languages}
+\label{contribute}
+
+Now language files are “outsourced” and are located in a separate
+directory (\texttt{/macros/latex/contrib/babel-contrib}), so that they
+are contributed directly to CTAN (please, do not send to me language
+styles just to upload them to CTAN).
+
+Of course, placing your style files in this directory is not mandatory,
+but if you want to do it, here are a few guidelines.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Do not hesitate stating on the file heads you are the author and the
+ maintainer, if you actually are. There is no need to state the babel
+ maintainer(s) as authors if they have not contributed significantly
+ to your language files.
+\item Fonts are not strictly part of a language, so they are best placed
+ in the corresponding TeX tree. This includes not only \texttt{tfm}, \texttt{vf}, \texttt{ps1},
+ \texttt{otf}, \texttt{mf} files and the like, but also \texttt{fd} ones.
+\item Font and input encodings are usually best placed in the
+ corresponding tree, too, but sometimes they belong more naturally to
+ the babel style. Note you may also need to define a LICR.
+\item \Babel{} ldf files may just interface a framework, as it happens often
+ with Oriental languages/scripts. This framework is best placed in its
+ own directory.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The following page provides a starting point:
+\texttt{http://www.texnia.com/incubator.html}.
+
+If your need further assistance and technical advice in the
+development of language styles, I am willing to help you. And of
+course, you can make any suggestion you like.
+
+\subsection{Basic macros}
+
+In the core of the \babel{} system, several macros are defined for use
+in language definition files. Their purpose is to make a new language
+known. The first two are related to hyphenation patterns.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\addlanguage}
+The macro |\addlanguage| is a non-outer version of the macro
+|\newlanguage|, defined in \file{plain.tex} version~3.x. For older
+versions of \file{plain.tex} and \file{lplain.tex} a substitute
+definition is used. Here ``language'' is used in the \TeX{} sense of
+set of hyphenation patterns.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\adddialect}
+The macro |\adddialect| can be used when two languages can (or
+must) use the same hyphenation patterns. This can also be useful
+for languages for which no patterns are preloaded in the
+format. In such cases the default behavior of the \babel{}
+system is to define this language as a `dialect' of the language
+for which the patterns were loaded as |\language0|. Here
+``language'' is used in the \TeX{} sense of set of hyphenation
+patterns.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\<lang>hyphenmins}
+The macro |\|\langvar|hyphenmins| is used to store the values of
+the |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin|. Redefine this macro
+to set your own values, with two numbers corresponding to these
+two parameters. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand\spanishhyphenmins{34}
+\end{verbatim}
+(Assigning |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin| directly in
+|\extras<lang>| has no effect.)
+
+\DescribeMacro{\providehyphenmins}
+The macro |\providehyphenmins| should be used in the language
+definition files to set |\lefthyphenmin| and
+|\righthyphenmin|. This macro will check whether these parameters
+were provided by the hyphenation file before it takes any action.
+If these values have been already set, this command is ignored
+(currenty, default pattern files do \textit{not} set them).
+
+\DescribeMacro{\captions\langvar}
+The macro |\captions|\langvar\ defines the macros that
+hold the texts to replace the original hard-wired texts.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\date\langvar}
+The macro |\date|\langvar\ defines |\today|.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\extras\langvar}
+The macro |\extras|\langvar\ contains all the extra definitions needed
+for a specific language. This macro, like the following, is a hook --
+you can add things to it, but it must not be used directly.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\noextras\langvar}
+Because we want to let the user switch
+between languages, but we do not know what state \TeX\ might be in
+after the execution of |\extras|\langvar, a macro that brings
+\TeX\ into a predefined state is needed. It will be no surprise
+that the name of this macro is |\noextras|\langvar.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at declare@ttribute}
+This is a command to be used in the language definition files for
+declaring a language attribute. It takes three arguments: the
+name of the language, the attribute to be defined, and the code
+to be executed when the attribute is to be used.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\main at language}
+To postpone the activation of the definitions needed for a
+language until the beginning of a document, all language
+definition files should use |\main at language| instead of
+|\selectlanguage|. This will just store the name of the language,
+and the proper language will be activated at the start of the
+document.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\ProvidesLanguage}
+The macro |\ProvidesLanguage| should be used to identify the
+language definition files. Its syntax is similar to the syntax
+of the \LaTeX\ command |\ProvidesPackage|.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\LdfInit}
+The macro |\LdfInit| performs a couple of standard checks that
+must be made at the beginning of a language definition file,
+such as checking the category code of the @-sign, preventing
+the \file{.ldf} file from being processed twice, etc.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\ldf at quit}
+The macro |\ldf at quit| does work needed
+if a \file{.ldf} file was processed
+earlier. This includes resetting the category code
+of the @-sign, preparing the language to be activated at
+|\begin{document}| time, and ending the input stream.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\ldf at finish}
+The macro |\ldf at finish| does work needed
+at the end of each \file{.ldf} file. This
+includes resetting the category code of the @-sign,
+loading a local configuration file, and preparing the language
+to be activated at |\begin{document}| time.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\loadlocalcfg}
+After processing a language definition file,
+\LaTeX\ can be instructed to load a local configuration
+file. This file can, for instance, be used to add strings to
+|\captions|\langvar\ to support local document
+classes. The user will be informed that this
+configuration file has been loaded. This macro is called by
+|\ldf at finish|.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\substitutefontfamily}
+(Deprecated.) This command takes three arguments, a font encoding and
+two font family names. It creates a font description file for the
+first font in the given encoding. This \file{.fd} file will instruct
+\LaTeX\ to use a font from the second family when a font from the
+first family in the given encoding seems to be needed.
+
+\subsection{Skeleton}
+
+Here is the basic structure of an |ldf| file, with a language, a
+dialect and an attribute. Strings are best defined using the method
+explained in in sec. \ref{s:strings} (\babel{} 3.9 and later).
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\ProvidesLanguage{<language>}
+ [2016/04/23 v0.0 <Language> support from the babel system]
+\LdfInit{<language>}{captions<language>}
+
+\ifx\undefined\l@<language>
+ \@nopatterns{<Language>}
+ \adddialect\l@<language>0
+\fi
+
+\adddialect\l@<dialect>\l@<language>
+
+\bbl at declare@ttribute{<language>}{<attrib>}{%
+ \expandafter\addto\expandafter\extras<language>
+ \expandafter{\extras<attrib><language>}%
+ \let\captions<language>\captions<attrib><language>}
+
+\providehyphenmins{<language>}{\tw@\thr@@}
+
+\StartBabelCommands*{<language>}{captions}
+\SetString\chaptername{<chapter name>}
+% More strings
+
+\StartBabelCommands*{<language>}{date}
+\SetString\monthiname{<name of first month>}
+% More strings
+
+\StartBabelCommands*{<dialect>}{captions}
+\SetString\chaptername{<chapter name>}
+% More strings
+
+\StartBabelCommands*{<dialect>}{date}
+\SetString\monthiname{<name of first month>}
+% More strings
+
+\EndBabelCommands
+
+\addto\extras<language>{}
+\addto\noextras<language>{}
+\let\extras<dialect>\extras<language>
+\let\noextras<dialect>\noextras<language>
+
+\ldf at finish{<language>}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Support for active characters}
+
+In quite a number of language definition files, active characters are
+introduced. To facilitate this, some support macros are provided.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\initiate at active@char}
+The internal macro |\initiate at active@char| is used in language
+definition files to instruct \LaTeX\ to give a character the category
+code `active'. When a character has been made active it will remain
+that way until the end of the document. Its definition may vary.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at activate}
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at deactivate}
+The command |\bbl at activate| is used to change the way an active
+character expands. |\bbl at activate| `switches on' the active behavior
+of the character. |\bbl at deactivate| lets the active character expand
+to its former (mostly) non-active self.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\declare at shorthand}
+The macro |\declare at shorthand| is used to define the various
+shorthands. It takes three arguments: the name for the collection of
+shorthands this definition belongs to; the character (sequence) that
+makes up the shorthand, i.e.\ |~| or |"a|; and the code to be executed
+when the shorthand is encountered. (It does \textit{not} raise an
+error if the shorthand character has not been ``initiated''.)
+
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at add@special}
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at remove@special}
+The \TeX book states: ``Plain \TeX\ includes a macro called
+|\dospecials| that is essentially a set macro, representing the set of
+all characters that have a special category code.'' \cite[p.~380]{DEK}
+It is used to set text `verbatim'. To make this work if more
+characters get a special category code, you have to add this character
+to the macro |\dospecial|. \LaTeX\ adds another macro called
+|\@sanitize| representing the same character set, but without the
+curly braces. The macros |\bbl at add@special|\meta{char} and
+|\bbl at remove@special|\meta{char} add and remove the character
+\meta{char} to these two sets.
+
+\subsection{Support for saving macro definitions}
+
+Language definition files may want to \emph{re}define macros that
+already exist. Therefore a mechanism for saving (and restoring) the
+original definition of those macros is provided. We provide two macros
+for this\footnote{This mechanism was introduced by Bernd Raichle.}.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\babel at save}
+To save the current meaning of any control sequence, the macro
+|\babel at save| is provided. It takes one argument, \meta{csname}, the
+control sequence for which the meaning has to be saved.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\babel at savevariable}
+A second macro is provided to save the current value of a variable.
+In this context, anything that is allowed after the |\the| primitive
+is considered to be a variable. The macro takes one argument, the
+\meta{variable}.
+
+The effect of the preceding macros is to append a piece of code to
+the current definition of |\originalTeX|. When |\originalTeX| is
+expanded, this code restores the previous definition of the control
+sequence or the previous value of the variable.
+
+\subsection{Support for extending macros}
+
+\DescribeMacro{\addto}
+The macro |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}| can
+be used to extend the definition of a macro. The macro need not be
+defined (ie, it can be undefined or |\relax|). This macro can, for
+instance, be used in adding instructions to a macro like
+|\extrasenglish|.
+
+Be careful when using this macro, because depending on the case the
+assignment could be either global (usually) or local (sometimes). That
+does not seem very consistent, but this behavior is preserved for
+backward compatibility. If you are using \pkg{etoolbox}, by Philipp
+Lehman, consider using the tools provided by this package instead of
+|\addto|.
+
+\subsection{Macros common to a number of languages}
+
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at allowhyphens}
+In several languages compound words are used. This means that when
+\TeX\ has to hyphenate such a compound word, it only does so at the
+`\texttt{-}' that is used in such words. To allow hyphenation in the
+rest of such a compound word, the macro |\bbl at allowhyphens| can be
+used.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\allowhyphens}
+Same as |\bbl at allowhyphens|, but does nothing if the encoding is
+|T1|. It is intended mainly for characters provided as real glyphs by
+this encoding but constructed with |\accent| in |OT1|.
+
+Note the previous command (|\bbl at allowhyphens|) has different
+applications (hyphens and discretionaries) than this one (composite
+chars). Note also prior to version 3.7, |\allowhyphens| had the
+behavior of |\bbl at allowhyphens|.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\set at low@box}
+For some languages, quotes need to be lowered to the baseline. For
+this purpose the macro |\set at low@box| is available. It takes one
+argument and puts that argument in an |\hbox|, at the baseline. The
+result is available in |\box0| for further processing.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\save at sf@q}
+Sometimes it is necessary to preserve the |\spacefactor|. For this
+purpose the macro |\save at sf@q| is available. It takes one argument,
+saves the current spacefactor, executes the argument, and restores the
+spacefactor.
+
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at frenchspacing}
+\DescribeMacro{\bbl at nonfrenchspacing}
+The commands |\bbl at frenchspacing| and |\bbl at nonfrenchspacing| can be
+used to properly switch French spacing on and off.
+
+\subsection{Encoding-dependent strings}
+\label{s:strings}
+
+\New{3.9a} Babel 3.9 provides a way of defining strings in several
+encodings, intended mainly for \luatex{} and \xetex. This is the only new
+feature requiring changes in language files if you want to make use of
+it.
+
+Furthermore, it must be activated explicitly, with the package option
+|strings|. If there is no |strings|, these blocks are ignored, except
+|\SetCase|s (and except if forced as described below). In other words,
+the old way of defining/switching strings still works and it's used by
+default.
+
+It consist is a series of blocks started with
+|\StartBabelCommands|. The last block is closed with
+|\EndBabelCommands|. Each block is a single group (ie, local
+declarations apply until the next |\StartBabelCommands| or
+|\EndBabelCommands|). An |ldf| may contain several series of this
+kind.
+
+Thanks to this new feature, string values and string language
+switching are not mixed any more. No need of |\addto|. If the language
+is |french|, just redefine |\frenchchaptername|.
+
+\Describe\StartBabelCommands
+ {\marg{language-list}\marg{category}\oarg{selector}}
+
+The \m{language-list} specifies which languages the block is
+intended for. A block is taken into account only if the
+|\CurrentOption| is listed here. Alternatively, you can define
+|\BabelLanguages| to a comma-separated list of languages to be
+defined (if undefined, |\StartBabelCommands| sets it to
+|\CurrentOption|). You may write |\CurrentOption| as the language,
+but this is discouraged -- a explicit name (or names) is much better
+and clearer.
+
+A ``selector'' is a name to be used as value in package option
+|strings|, optionally followed by extra info about the encodings to be
+used. The name |unicode| must be used for \xetex{} and \luatex{} (the
+key |strings| has also other two special values: |generic| and
+|encoded|).
+
+If a string is set several times (because several blocks are read),
+the first one take precedence (ie, it works much like
+|\providecommand|).
+
+Encoding info is |charset=| followed by a charset, which if given sets
+how the strings should be traslated to the internal representation
+used by the engine, typically |utf8|, which is the only value
+supported currently (default is no traslations). Note |charset| is
+applied by \luatex{} and \xetex{} when reading the file, not when the
+macro or string is used in the document.
+
+A list of font encodings which the strings are expected to work with
+can be given after |fontenc=| (separated with spaces, if two or more) --
+recommended, but not mandatory, although blocks without this key are
+not taken into account if you have requested |strings=encoded|.
+
+Blocks without a selector are read always if the key |strings| has
+been used. They provide fallback values, and therefore must be the
+last blocks; they should be provided always if possible and all
+strings should be defined somehow inside it; they can be the only
+blocks (mainly LGC scripts using the LICR). Blocks without a selector
+can be activated explicitly with |strings=generic| (no block is taken
+into account except those). With |strings=encoded|, strings in those
+blocks are set as default (internally, |?|). With |strings=encoded|
+strings are protected, but they are correctly expanded in
+|\MakeUppercase| and the like. If there is no key |strings|, string
+definitions are ignored, but |\SetCase|s are still honoured (in a
+|encoded| way).
+
+The \m{category} is either |captions|, |date| or |extras|. You must
+stick to these three categories, even if no error is raised when using
+other name.\footnote{In future releases further categories may be
+added.\nb{like `monetary', `time', `address', `name', `case' or
+`numeric'}} It may be empty, too, but in such a case using
+|\SetString| is an error (but not |\SetCase|).
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\StartBabelCommands{language}{captions}
+ [unicode, fontenc=TU EU1 EU2, charset=utf8]
+\SetString{\chaptername}{utf8-string}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{language}{captions}
+\SetString{\chaptername}{ascii-maybe-LICR-string}
+
+\EndBabelCommands
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A real example is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\StartBabelCommands{austrian}{date}
+ [unicode, fontenc=TU EU1 EU2, charset=utf8]
+ \SetString\monthiname{Jänner}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{german,austrian}{date}
+ [unicode, fontenc=TU EU1 EU2, charset=utf8]
+ \SetString\monthiiiname{März}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{austrian}{date}
+ \SetString\monthiname{J\"{a}nner}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{german}{date}
+ \SetString\monthiname{Januar}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{german,austrian}{date}
+ \SetString\monthiiname{Februar}
+ \SetString\monthiiiname{M\"{a}rz}
+ \SetString\monthivname{April}
+ \SetString\monthvname{Mai}
+ \SetString\monthviname{Juni}
+ \SetString\monthviiname{Juli}
+ \SetString\monthviiiname{August}
+ \SetString\monthixname{September}
+ \SetString\monthxname{Oktober}
+ \SetString\monthxiname{November}
+ \SetString\monthxiiname{Dezenber}
+ \SetString\today{\number\day.~%
+ \csname month\romannumeral\month name\endcsname\space
+ \number\year}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{german,austrian}{captions}
+ \SetString\prefacename{Vorwort}
+ [etc.]
+
+\EndBabelCommands
+\end{verbatim}
+
+When used in |ldf| files, previous values of |\|\m{category}\m{language}
+are overriden, which means the old way to define strings still works
+and used by default (to be precise, is first set to undefined and then
+strings are added). However, when used in the preamble or in a
+package, new settings are added to the previous ones, if the language
+exists (in the \babel{} sense, ie, if |\date|\m{language} exists).
+
+\Describe\StartBabelCommands{%
+ \colorbox{thegrey}{\ttfamily\hskip-.2em*\hskip-.2em}%
+ \marg{language-list}\marg{category}\oarg{selector}}
+The starred version just forces |strings| to take a value -- if not set
+as package option, then the default for the engine is used. This is
+not done by default to prevent backward incompatibilities, but if you
+are creating a new language this version is better. It's up to
+the maintainers of the current languages to decide if using it is
+appropiate.\footnote{This replaces in 3.9g a short-lived
+\texttt{\string\UseStrings} which has been removed because it did
+not work.}
+
+\Describe\EndBabelCommands{}
+Marks the end of the series of blocks.
+
+\Describe\AfterBabelCommands{\marg{code}}
+The code is delayed and executed at the global scope just after |\EndBabelCommands|.
+
+\Describe\SetString{\marg{macro-name}\marg{string}}
+Adds \meta{macro-name} to the current category, and defines globally
+\meta{lang-macro-name} to \meta{code} (after applying the
+transformation corresponding to the current charset or defined with
+the hook |stringprocess|).
+
+Use this command to define strings, without including any ``logic'' if
+possible, which should be a separated macro. See the example above for
+the date.
+
+\Describe\SetStringLoop{\marg{macro-name}\marg{string-list}}
+A convenient way to define several ordered names at once. For example,
+to define |\abmoniname|, |\abmoniiname|, etc. (and similarly with
+|abday|):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\SetStringLoop{abmon#1name}{en,fb,mr,ab,my,jn,jl,ag,sp,oc,nv,dc}
+\SetStringLoop{abday#1name}{lu,ma,mi,ju,vi,sa,do}
+\end{verbatim}
+|#1| is replaced by the roman numeral.
+
+\Describe\SetCase{\oarg{map-list}\marg{toupper-code}\marg{tolower-code}}
+Sets globally code to be executed at |\MakeUppercase| and
+|\MakeLowercase|. The code would be typically things like |\let\BB\bb|
+and |\uccode| or |\lccode| (although for the reasons explained above,
+changes in lc/uc codes may not work). A \meta{map-list} is a series of
+macros using the internal format of |\@uclclist| (eg,
+|\bb\BB\cc\CC|). The mandatory arguments take precedence over the
+optional one. This command, unlike |\SetString|, is executed always
+(even without |strings|), and it is intented for minor readjustments
+only.
+
+For example, as |T1| is the default case mapping in \LaTeX, we could
+set for Turkish:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\StartBabelCommands{turkish}{}[ot1enc, fontenc=OT1]
+\SetCase
+ {\uccode"10=`I\relax}
+ {\lccode`I="10\relax}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{turkish}{}[unicode, fontenc=TU EU1 EU2, charset=utf8]
+\SetCase
+ {\uccode`i=`İ\relax
+ \uccode`ı=`I\relax}
+ {\lccode`İ=`i\relax
+ \lccode`I=`ı\relax}
+
+\StartBabelCommands{turkish}{}
+\SetCase
+ {\uccode`i="9D\relax
+ \uccode"19=`I\relax}
+ {\lccode"9D=`i\relax
+ \lccode`I="19\relax}
+
+\EndBabelCommands
+\end{verbatim}
+(Note the mapping for |OT1| is not complete.)
+
+\Describe\SetHyphenMap{\marg{to-lower-macros}}
+\New{3.9g} Case mapping serves in \TeX{} for two unrelated purposes: case
+transforms (upper/lower) and hyphenation. |\SetCase| handles the
+former, while hyphenation is handled by |\SetHyphenMap| and controlled
+with the package option |hyphenmap|. So, even if internally they are based
+on the same \TeX{} primitive (|\lccode|), \babel{} sets them separately.
+
+There are three helper macros to
+be used inside |\SetHyphenMap|:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\BabelLower|\marg{uccode}\marg{lccode} is
+ similar to |\lccode| but it's ignored if the char has been set and
+ saves the original lccode to restore it when switching the language
+ (except with |hyphenmap=first|).
+\item |\BabelLowerMM|\marg{uccode-from}\marg{uccode-to}%
+ \marg{step}\marg{lccode-from} loops though the given uppercase
+ codes, using the step, and assigns them the lccode, which is also
+ increased (|MM| stands for \textit{many-to-many}).
+\item |\BabelLowerMO|\marg{uccode-from}\marg{uccode-to}%
+ \marg{step}\marg{lccode} loops though the given uppercase
+ codes, using the step, and assigns them the lccode, which is fixed
+ (|MO| stands for \textit{many-to-one}).
+\end{itemize}
+An example is (which is redundant, because these assignments are done
+by both \luatex{} and \xetex{}):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\SetHyphenMap{\BabelLowerMM{"100}{"11F}{2}{"101}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This macro is not intended to fix wrong mappings done by Unicode
+(which are the default in both \xetex{} and \luatex{}) -- if an
+assignment is wrong, fix it directly.
+
+\section{Changes}
+
+\subsection{Changes in \babel\ version 3.9}
+
+Most of changes in version 3.9 are related to bugs, either to fix them
+(there were lots), or to provide some alternatives. Even new features
+like |\babelhyphen| are intended to solve a certain problem (in this
+case, the lacking of a uniform syntax and behavior for shorthands
+across languages). These changes are described in this manual in the
+corresponding place. A selective list follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\select at language| did not set |\languagename|. This meant the
+ language in force when auxiliary files were loaded was the one used
+ in, for example, shorthands -- if the language was |german|, a
+ |\select at language{spanish}| had no effect.
+
+\item |\foreignlanguage| and |otherlanguage*| messed up
+ |\extras<language>|. Scripts, encodings and many other things were
+ not switched correctly.
+
+\item The |:ENC| mechanism for hyphenation patterns used the encoding
+ of the \textit{previous} language, not that of the language being
+ selected.
+
+\item |'| (with |activeacute|) had the original value when writing to an
+ auxiliary file, and things like an infinite loop could happen. It
+ worked incorrectly with |^| (if activated) and also if deactivated.
+
+\item Active chars where not reset at the end of language options, and
+ that lead to incompatibilities between languages.
+
+\item |\textormath| raised and error with a conditional.
+
+\item |\aliasshorthand| didn't work (or only in a few and very specific
+ cases).
+
+\item |\l at english| was defined incorrectly (using |\let| instead of
+ |\chardef|).
+
+\item |ldf| files not bundled with babel were not recognized when
+ called as global options.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Changes in \babel\ version 3.7}
+
+In \babel\ version 3.7 a number of bugs that were found in
+version~3.6 are fixed. Also a number of changes and additions
+have occurred:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Shorthands are expandable again. The disadvantage is that
+ one has to type |'{}a| when the acute accent is used as a
+ shorthand character. The advantage is that a number of other
+ problems (such as the breaking of ligatures, etc.) have
+ vanished.
+\item Two new commands, |\shorthandon| and |\shorthandoff| have
+ been introduced to enable to temporarily switch off one or more
+ shorthands.
+\item Support for typesetting Hebrew (and potential support for
+ typesetting other right-to-left written languages) is now
+ available thanks to Rama Porrat and Boris Lavva.
+\item A language attribute has been added to the |\mark...|
+ commands in order to make sure that a Greek header line comes
+ out right on the last page before a language switch.
+\item Hyphenation pattern files are now read \emph{inside a
+ group}; therefore any changes a pattern file needs to make to
+ lowercase codes, uppercase codes, and category codes are kept
+ local to that group. If they are needed for the language, these
+ changes will need to be repeated and stored in |\extras...|
+\item The concept of language attributes is introduced. It is intended
+ to give the user some control over the features a
+ language-definition file provides. Its first use is for the Greek
+ language, where the user can choose the πολυτονικό (``polytonikó'' or
+ multi-accented) Greek way of typesetting texts.
+\item The environment \Lenv{hyphenrules} is introduced.
+\item The syntax of the file \file{language.dat} has been
+ extended to allow (optionally) specifying the font
+ encoding to be used while processing the patterns file.
+\item The command |\providehyphenmins| should now be used in
+ language definition files in order to be able to keep any
+ settings provided by the pattern file.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\DocInput{babel.dtx}
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+I would like to thank all who volunteered as $\beta$-testers for their
+time. Michel Goossens supplied contributions for most of the other
+languages. Nico Poppelier helped polish the text of the documentation
+and supplied parts of the macros for the Dutch language. Paul Wackers
+and Werenfried Spit helped find and repair bugs.
+
+During the further development of the babel system I received much
+help from Bernd Raichle, for which I am grateful.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+ \bibitem{AT} Huda Smitshuijzen Abifares, \textit{Arabic Typography},
+ Saqi, 2001.
+ \bibitem{DEK} Donald E. Knuth,
+ \emph{The \TeX book}, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
+ \bibitem{LLbook} Leslie Lamport,
+ \emph{\LaTeX, A document preparation System}, Addison-Wesley,
+ 1986.
+ \bibitem{treebus} K.F. Treebus.
+ \emph{Tekstwijzer, een gids voor het grafisch verwerken van
+ tekst.}
+ SDU Uitgeverij ('s-Gravenhage, 1988).
+ \bibitem{HP} Hubert Partl,
+ \emph{German \TeX}, \emph{TUGboat} 9 (1988) \#1, p.~70--72.
+ \bibitem{LLth} Leslie Lamport,
+ in: \TeX hax Digest, Volume 89, \#13, 17 February 1989.
+ \bibitem{BEP} Johannes Braams, Victor Eijkhout and Nico Poppelier,
+ \emph{The development of national \LaTeX\ styles},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 10 (1989) \#3, p.~401--406.
+ \bibitem{FE} Yannis Haralambous,
+ \emph{Fonts \& Encodings}, O'Reilly, 2007.
+ \bibitem{ilatex} Joachim Schrod,
+ \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
+ \bibitem{STS} Apostolos Syropoulos, Antonis Tsolomitis and Nick
+ Sofroniu,
+ \emph{Digital typography using \LaTeX},
+ Springer, 2002, p.~301--373.
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
+%</filedriver>
+%
+% \fi
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8e}{2005/03/24}{Many enhancements to the text by
+% Andrew Young}
+% \changes{babel~3.9c}{2013/04/04}{Added the ``modifiers'' mechanism}
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/06/01}{bbplain merged}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/23}{Code and doc reorganized, and some
+% minor enhancements}
+%
+%\begingroup
+% \catcode`<=\active%
+% \catcode`>=\active
+% \makeatletter
+% \gdef\MakePrivateLetters{%
+% \catcode`@=11\relax
+% \gdef<##1{\ifx##1@$\langle\langle$\bgroup\itshape\rmfamily
+% \expandafter\bblref
+% \else\string<##1\fi}%
+% \gdef\bblref##1@>{##1\/\egroup$\rangle\rangle$}}%
+% \global\let\check at percent\saved at check@percent
+%\endgroup
+%
+% \part{The code}
+%
+% \babel{} is being developed incrementally, which means parts of the
+% code are under development and therefore incomplete. Only documented
+% features are considered complete. In other words, use \babel{} only
+% as documented (except, of course, if you want to explore and test
+% them -- you can post suggestions about multilingual issues to
+% |kadingira at tug.org| on |http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/kadingira|).
+%
+% \section{Identification and loading of required files}
+%
+% \textit{Code documentation is still under revision.}
+%
+% The \babel{} package after unpacking consists of the following files:
+% \begin{description}
+% \itemsep=-\parskip
+% \item[switch.def] defines macros to set and switch languages.
+% \item[babel.def] defines the rest of macros. It has tow parts: a
+% generic one and a second one only for LaTeX{}.
+% \item[babel.sty] is the \LaTeX{} package, which set options and
+% load language styles.
+% \item[plain.def] defines some \LaTeX{} macros required by
+% \file{babel.def} and provides a few tools for Plain.
+% \item[hyphen.cfg] is the file to be used when generating the
+% formats to load hyphenation patterns. By default it also loads
+% \file{switch.def}.
+% \end{description}
+%
+% The \babel{} installer extends \textsf{docstrip} with a few
+% ``pseudo-guards'' to set ``variables'' used at installation time.
+% They are used with |<||@name@>| at the appropiated places in the
+% source code and shown below with
+% $\langle\langle$\textit{name}$\rangle\rangle$. That brings a
+% little bit of literate programming.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<version=3.19>>
+%<<date=2018/04/25>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{Tools}
+%
+% \textbf{Do not use the following macros in \texttt{ldf} files. They
+% may change in the future}. This applies mainly to those recently
+% added for replacing, trimming and looping. The older ones, like
+% |\bbl at afterfi|, will not change.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/22}{Added new helper macros. Not all are
+% currently used, but will be in 3.10 -- \cs{bbl at trim},
+% \cs{bbl at ifunset}, \cs{bbl at exp}, \cs{bbl at stripslash}}
+%
+% We define some basic macros which just make the code cleaner.
+% |\bbl at add| is now used internally instead of |\addto| because of
+% the unpredictable behavior of the latter. Used in
+% \file{babel.def} and in \file{babel.sty}, which means in \LaTeX{}
+% is executed twice, but we need them when defining options and
+% \file{babel.def} cannot be load until options have been defined.
+% This does not hurt, but should be fixed somehow.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/16}{\cs{@for} didn't work with
+% Plain. Added \cs{bbl at loop}}
+% \changes{babel~3.15}{2017/10/30}{New convenience macros
+% \cs{bbl at xin@} and \cs{bbl at cs}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Basic macros>>
+\bbl at trace{Basic macros}
+\def\bbl at stripslash{\expandafter\@gobble\string}
+\def\bbl at add#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ {\def#1{#2}}%
+ {\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2}}}
+\def\bbl at xin@{\@expandtwoargs\in@}
+\def\bbl at csarg#1#2{\expandafter#1\csname bbl@#2\endcsname}%
+\def\bbl at cs#1{\csname bbl@#1\endcsname}
+\def\bbl at loop#1#2#3{\bbl@@loop#1{#3}#2,\@nnil,}
+\def\bbl at loopx#1#2{\expandafter\bbl at loop\expandafter#1\expandafter{#2}}
+\def\bbl@@loop#1#2#3,{%
+ \ifx\@nnil#3\relax\else
+ \def#1{#3}#2\bbl at afterfi\bbl@@loop#1{#2}%
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at for#1#2#3{\bbl at loopx#1{#2}{\ifx#1\@empty\else#3\fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/22}{Use \cs{bbl at ifunset} instead of
+% \cs{@ifundefined}.}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at add@list}
+% This internal macro adds its second argument to a comma
+% separated list in its first argument. When the list is not
+% defined yet (or empty), it will be initiated. It presumes
+% expandable character strings.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/22}{Redefined to avoid infinite loops
+% if the macro is \cs{relax}.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at add@list#1#2{%
+ \edef#1{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ {}%
+ {\ifx#1\@empty\else#1,\fi}%
+ #2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at afterelse}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at afterfi}
+% Because the code that is used in the handling of active
+% characters may need to look ahead, we take extra care to `throw'
+% it over the |\else| and |\fi| parts of an
+% |\if|-statement\footnote{This code is based on code presented in
+% TUGboat vol. 12, no2, June 1991 in ``An expansion Power Lemma''
+% by Sonja Maus.}. These macros will break if another |\if...\fi|
+% statement appears in one of the arguments and it is not enclosed
+% in braces.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\long\def\bbl at afterelse#1\else#2\fi{\fi#1}
+\long\def\bbl at afterfi#1\fi{\fi#1}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at trim}
+% The following piece of code is stolen (with some changes) from
+% \textsf{keyval}, by David Carlisle. It defines two macros:
+% |\bbl at trim| and |\bbl at trim@def|. The first one strips the leading
+% and trailing spaces from the second argument and then applies the
+% first argument (a macro, |\toks@| and the like). The second one,
+% as its name suggests, defines the first argument as the stripped
+% second argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at tempa#1{%
+ \long\def\bbl at trim##1##2{%
+ \futurelet\bbl at trim@a\bbl at trim@c##2\@nil\@nil#1\@nil\relax{##1}}%
+ \def\bbl at trim@c{%
+ \ifx\bbl at trim@a\@sptoken
+ \expandafter\bbl at trim@b
+ \else
+ \expandafter\bbl at trim@b\expandafter#1%
+ \fi}%
+ \long\def\bbl at trim@b#1##1 \@nil{\bbl at trim@i##1}}
+\bbl at tempa{ }
+\long\def\bbl at trim@i#1\@nil#2\relax#3{#3{#1}}
+\long\def\bbl at trim@def#1{\bbl at trim{\def#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at ifunset}
+% To check if a macro is defined, we create a new macro, which does
+% the same as |\@ifundefined|. However, in an $\epsilon$-tex engine,
+% it is based on |\ifcsname|, which is more efficient, and do not
+% waste memory.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ifunset#1{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+\bbl at ifunset{ifcsname}%
+ {}%
+ {\def\bbl at ifunset#1{%
+ \ifcsname#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at afterelse\expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi\expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at ifblank}
+% A tool from \textsf{url}, by Donald Arseneau, which tests if a
+% string is empty or space.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ifblank#1{%
+ \bbl at ifblank@i#1\@nil\@nil\@secondoftwo\@firstoftwo\@nil}
+\long\def\bbl at ifblank@i#1#2\@nil#3#4#5\@nil{#4}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% For each element in the comma separated <key>|=|<value> list,
+% execute <code> with |#1| and |#2| as the key and the value of
+% current item (trimmed). In addition, the item is passed verbatim as
+% |#3|. With the <key> alone, it passes |\@empty| (ie, the macro thus
+% named, not an empty argument, which is what you get with <key>|=|
+% and no value).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at forkv#1#2{%
+ \def\bbl at kvcmd##1##2##3{#2}%
+ \bbl at kvnext#1,\@nil,}
+\def\bbl at kvnext#1,{%
+ \ifx\@nil#1\relax\else
+ \bbl at ifblank{#1}{}{\bbl at forkv@eq#1=\@empty=\@nil{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at kvnext
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at forkv@eq#1=#2=#3\@nil#4{%
+ \bbl at trim@def\bbl at forkv@a{#1}%
+ \bbl at trim{\expandafter\bbl at kvcmd\expandafter{\bbl at forkv@a}}{#2}{#4}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% A \textit{for} loop. Each item (trimmed), is |#1|. It cannot be
+% nested (it's doable, but we don't need it).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at vforeach#1#2{%
+ \def\bbl at forcmd##1{#2}%
+ \bbl at fornext#1,\@nil,}
+\def\bbl at fornext#1,{%
+ \ifx\@nil#1\relax\else
+ \bbl at ifblank{#1}{}{\bbl at trim\bbl at forcmd{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at fornext
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at foreach#1{\expandafter\bbl at vforeach\expandafter{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at replace}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at replace#1#2#3{% in #1 -> repl #2 by #3
+ \toks@{}%
+ \def\bbl at replace@aux##1#2##2#2{%
+ \ifx\bbl at nil##2%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\the\toks@##1}%
+ \else
+ \toks@\expandafter{\the\toks@##1#3}%
+ \bbl at afterfi
+ \bbl at replace@aux##2#2%
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at replace@aux#1#2\bbl at nil#2%
+ \edef#1{\the\toks@}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at exp}
+%
+% Now, just syntactical sugar, but it makes partial expansion of
+% some code a lot more simple and readable. Here |\\| stands for
+% |\noexpand| and |\<..>| for |\noexpand| applied to a built macro
+% name (the latter does not define the macro if undefined to
+% |\relax|, because it is created locally). The result may be
+% followed by extra arguments, if necessary.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at exp#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\\\noexpand
+ \def\<##1>{\expandafter\noexpand\csname##1\endcsname}%
+ \edef\bbl at exp@aux{\endgroup#1}%
+ \bbl at exp@aux}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Two further tools. |\bbl at samestring| first expand its arguments and
+% then compare their expansion (sanitized, so that the catcodes do not
+% matter). |\bbl at engine| takes the following values: 0 is pdf\TeX, 1
+% is \luatex, and 2 is \xetex. You may use the latter it in your
+% language style if you want.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ifsamestring#1#2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \protected at edef\bbl at tempb{#1}%
+ \edef\bbl at tempb{\expandafter\strip at prefix\meaning\bbl at tempb}%
+ \protected at edef\bbl at tempc{#2}%
+ \edef\bbl at tempc{\expandafter\strip at prefix\meaning\bbl at tempc}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempb\bbl at tempc
+ \aftergroup\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \aftergroup\@secondoftwo
+ \fi
+ \endgroup}
+\chardef\bbl at engine=%
+ \ifx\directlua\@undefined
+ \ifx\XeTeXinputencoding\@undefined
+ \z@
+ \else
+ \tw@
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \@ne
+ \fi
+%<</Basic macros>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Some files identify themselves with a \LaTeX{} macro. The following
+% code is placed before them to define (and then undefine) if not in
+% \LaTeX.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Make sure ProvidesFile is defined>>
+\ifx\ProvidesFile\@undefined
+ \def\ProvidesFile#1[#2 #3 #4]{%
+ \wlog{File: #1 #4 #3 <#2>}%
+ \let\ProvidesFile\@undefined}
+\fi
+%<</Make sure ProvidesFile is defined>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following code is used in \file{babel.sty} and
+% \file{babel.def}, and loads (only once) the data in |language.dat|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Load patterns in luatex>>
+\ifx\directlua\@undefined\else
+ \ifx\bbl at luapatterns\@undefined
+ \input luababel.def
+ \fi
+\fi
+%<</Load patterns in luatex>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following code is used in \file{babel.def} and
+% \file{switch.def}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Load macros for plain if not LaTeX>>
+\ifx\AtBeginDocument\@undefined
+ \input plain.def\relax
+\fi
+%<</Load macros for plain if not LaTeX>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Multiple languages}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\language}
+% Plain \TeX\ version~3.0 provides the primitive |\language| that
+% is used to store the current language. When used with a pre-3.0
+% version this function has to be implemented by allocating a
+% counter. The following block is used in \file{switch.def} and
+% \file{hyphen.cfg}; the latter may seem redundant, but remember
+% \babel{} doesn't requires loading \file{switch.def} in the format.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Define core switching macros>>
+\ifx\language\@undefined
+ \csname newcount\endcsname\language
+\fi
+%<</Define core switching macros>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\last at language}
+% Another counter is used to store the last language defined. For
+% pre-3.0 formats an extra counter has to be allocated.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\addlanguage}
+%
+% To add languages to \TeX's memory plain \TeX\ version~3.0
+% supplies |\newlanguage|, in a pre-3.0 environment a similar macro
+% has to be provided. For both cases a new macro is defined here,
+% because the original |\newlanguage| was defined to be |\outer|.
+%
+% For a format based on plain version~2.x, the definition of
+% |\newlanguage| can not be copied because |\count 19| is used for
+% other purposes in these formats. Therefore |\addlanguage| is
+% defined using a definition based on the macros used to define
+% |\newlanguage| in plain \TeX\ version~3.0.
+%
+% For formats based on plain version~3.0 the definition of
+% |\newlanguage| can be simply copied, removing |\outer|.
+% Plain \TeX\ version 3.0 uses |\count 19| for this purpose.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Define core switching macros>>
+\ifx\newlanguage\@undefined
+ \csname newcount\endcsname\last at language
+ \def\addlanguage#1{%
+ \global\advance\last at language\@ne
+ \ifnum\last at language<\@cclvi
+ \else
+ \errmessage{No room for a new \string\language!}%
+ \fi
+ \global\chardef#1\last at language
+ \wlog{\string#1 = \string\language\the\last at language}}
+\else
+ \countdef\last at language=19
+ \def\addlanguage{\alloc at 9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
+\fi
+%<</Define core switching macros>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Now we make sure all required files are loaded. When the command
+% |\AtBeginDocument| doesn't exist we assume that we are dealing
+% with a plain-based format or \LaTeX2.09. In that case the file
+% \file{plain.def} is needed (which also defines
+% |\AtBeginDocument|, and therefore it is not loaded twice). We
+% need the first part when the format is created, and |\orig at dump|
+% is used as a flag. Otherwise, we need to use the second part, so
+% |\orig at dump| is not defined (\file{plain.def} undefines it).
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/21}{Use \cs{orig at dump} as flag instead
+% of \cs{adddialect}}
+%
+% Check if the current version of \file{switch.def} has been
+% previously loaded (mainly, \file{hyphen.cfg}). If not, load it
+% now. We cannot load |babel.def| here because we first need to
+% declare and process the package options.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/11}{Now switch.def is loaded always, so
+% that there is no need to rebuild formats just to update babel}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/13}{But switch.def is loaded only if
+% loaded in a different version (or not loaded)}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/14}{Added the debug option}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/02/05}{Added \cs{bbl at add}}
+%
+% \section{The Package File (\LaTeX, \texttt{babel.sty})}
+%
+% In order to make use of the features of \LaTeXe, the \babel\
+% system contains a package file, \file{babel.sty}. This file is
+% loaded by the |\usepackage| command and defines all the language
+% options whose name is different from that of the |.ldf| file
+% (like variant spellings). It also takes care of a number of
+% compatibility issues with other packages an defines a few
+% aditional package options.
+%
+%
+% Apart from all the language options below we also have a few options
+% that influence the behavior of language definition files.
+%
+% Many of the following options don't do anything themselves, they
+% are just defined in order to make it possible for babel and
+% language definition files to check if one of them was specified
+% by the user.
+%
+% \subsection{\texttt{base}}
+%
+% The first option to be processed is |base|, which set the
+% hyphenation patterns then resets |ver at babel.sty| so that
+% \LaTeX forgets about the first loading. After |switch.def| has
+% been loaded (above) and |\AfterBabelLanguage| defined, exits.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/10/05}{preset option started,
+% party stolen from fontenc}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/10/17}{Hooks started}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/02/07}{Rejected preset, and replaced by
+% base}
+% \changes{babel~3.9q}{2016/02/11}{Load patterns with option base.
+% To be improved. Moved showlanguages before base}
+% \changes{babel~3.18}{2018/02/14}{Fix - prevent doble input of
+% switch.def}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*package>
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[2005/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{babel}[<@date@> <@version@> The Babel package]
+\@ifpackagewith{babel}{debug}
+ {\providecommand\bbl at trace[1]{\message{^^J[ #1 ]}}%
+ \let\bbl at debug\@firstofone}
+ {\providecommand\bbl at trace[1]{}%
+ \let\bbl at debug\@gobble}
+\ifx\bbl at switchflag\@undefined % Prevent double input
+ \let\bbl at switchflag\relax
+ \input switch.def\relax
+\fi
+<@Load patterns in luatex@>
+<@Basic macros@>
+\def\AfterBabelLanguage#1{%
+ \global\expandafter\bbl at add\csname#1.ldf-h@@k\endcsname}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If the format created a list of loaded languages (in
+% |\bbl at languages|), get the name of the 0-th to show the actual
+% language used.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at languages\@undefined\else
+ \begingroup
+ \catcode`\^^I=12
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{showlanguages}{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\bbl at elt#1#2#3#4{\wlog{#2^^I#1^^I#3^^I#4}}%
+ \wlog{<*languages>}%
+ \bbl at languages
+ \wlog{</languages>}%
+ \endgroup}{}
+ \endgroup
+ \def\bbl at elt#1#2#3#4{%
+ \ifnum#2=\z@
+ \gdef\bbl at nulllanguage{#1}%
+ \def\bbl at elt##1##2##3##4{}%
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at languages
+\fi
+\ifodd\bbl at engine
+ \def\bbl at loadbidi#1{%
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
+ \RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
+ \directlua{
+ require('babel-bidi.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-#1.lua')
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\relax
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic}}%
+ {\@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic-r}}%
+ {}}
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax\else
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
+ \RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
+ \directlua{
+ require('babel-bidi.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-\bbl at tempa.lua')
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }
+ \fi
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now the \texttt{base} option. With it we can define (and load, with
+% \luatex) hyphenation patterns, even if we are not interesed in the
+% rest of babel. Useful for old versions of \textsf{polyglossia}, too.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Defining option 'base'}
+\@ifpackagewith{babel}{base}{%
+ \ifx\directlua\@undefined
+ \DeclareOption*{\bbl at patterns{\CurrentOption}}%
+ \else
+ \DeclareOption*{\bbl at patterns@lua{\CurrentOption}}%
+ \fi
+ \DeclareOption{base}{}%
+ \DeclareOption{showlanguages}{}%
+ \ProcessOptions
+ \global\expandafter\let\csname opt at babel.sty\endcsname\relax
+ \global\expandafter\let\csname ver at babel.sty\endcsname\relax
+ \global\let\@ifl at ter@@\@ifl at ter
+ \def\@ifl at ter#1#2#3#4#5{\global\let\@ifl at ter\@ifl at ter@@}%
+ \endinput}{}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{\texttt{key=value} options and other general option}
+%
+% The following macros extract language modifiers, and only real
+% package options are kept in the option list. Modifiers are saved
+% and assigned to |\BabelModifiers| at |\bbl at load@language|; when
+% no modifiers have been given, the former is |\relax|. How
+% modifiers are handled are left to language styles; they can use
+% |\in@|, loop them with |\@for| or load |keyval|, for example.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9e}{2013/04/15}{Bug fixed - a dot was added in
+% key=value pairs}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{key=value and another general options}
+\bbl at csarg\let{tempa\expandafter}\csname opt at babel.sty\endcsname
+\def\bbl at tempb#1.#2{%
+ #1\ifx\@empty#2\else,\bbl at afterfi\bbl at tempb#2\fi}%
+\def\bbl at tempd#1.#2\@nnil{%
+ \ifx\@empty#2%
+ \edef\bbl at tempc{\ifx\bbl at tempc\@empty\else\bbl at tempc,\fi#1}%
+ \else
+ \in@{=}{#1}\ifin@
+ \edef\bbl at tempc{\ifx\bbl at tempc\@empty\else\bbl at tempc,\fi#1.#2}%
+ \else
+ \edef\bbl at tempc{\ifx\bbl at tempc\@empty\else\bbl at tempc,\fi#1}%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{mod@#1}{\bbl at tempb#2}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+\let\bbl at tempc\@empty
+\bbl at foreach\bbl at tempa{\bbl at tempd#1.\@empty\@nnil}
+\expandafter\let\csname opt at babel.sty\endcsname\bbl at tempc
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The next option tells \babel\ to leave shorthand characters active
+% at the end of processing the package. This is \emph{not} the default
+% as it can cause problems with other packages, but for those who want
+% to use the shorthand characters in the preamble of their documents
+% this can help.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/14}{Implemented the \texttt{noconfigs}
+% option}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/26}{Implemented the
+% \texttt{showlanguages} option}
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/08/07}{Options for hyphenmap}
+% \changes{babel~3.9l}{2014/07/29}{Option \texttt{silent}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareOption{KeepShorthandsActive}{}
+\DeclareOption{activeacute}{}
+\DeclareOption{activegrave}{}
+\DeclareOption{debug}{}
+\DeclareOption{noconfigs}{}
+\DeclareOption{showlanguages}{}
+\DeclareOption{silent}{}
+\DeclareOption{shorthands=off}{\bbl at tempa shorthands=\bbl at tempa}
+<@More package options@>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Handling of package options is done in three passes. (I [JBL] am not
+% very happy with the idea, anyway.) The first one processes options
+% which has been declared above or follow the syntax |<key>=<value>|,
+% the second one loads the requested languages, except the main one if
+% set with the key |main|, and the third one loads the latter. First,
+% we ``flag'' valid keys with a nil value.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/10}{Added the `safe' key, including code
+% below for selecting the redefined macros}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at opt@shorthands\@nnil
+\let\bbl at opt@config\@nnil
+\let\bbl at opt@main\@nnil
+\let\bbl at opt@headfoot\@nnil
+\let\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following tool is defined temporarily to store the values of
+% options.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at tempa#1=#2\bbl at tempa{%
+ \bbl at csarg\ifx{opt@#1}\@nnil
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{opt@#1}{#2}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at error{%
+ Bad option `#1=#2'. Either you have misspelled the\\%
+ key or there is a previous setting of `#1'}{%
+ Valid keys are `shorthands', `config', `strings', `main',\\%
+ `headfoot', `safe', `math', among others.}
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now the option list is processed, taking into account only currently
+% declared options (including those declared with a |=|), and
+% |<key>=<value>| options (the former take precedence). Unrecognized
+% options are saved in |\bbl at language@opts|, because they are language
+% options.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at language@opts\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{%
+ \bbl at xin@{\string=}{\CurrentOption}%
+ \ifin@
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa\CurrentOption\bbl at tempa
+ \else
+ \bbl at add@list\bbl at language@opts{\CurrentOption}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we finish the first pass (and start over).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProcessOptions*
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Conditional loading of shorthands}
+%
+% If there is no |shorthands=<chars>|, the original \textsf{babel}
+% macros are left untouched, but if there is, these macros are
+% wrapped (in |babel.def|) to define only those given.
+%
+% A bit of optimization: if there is no |shorthands=|, then
+% |\bbl at ifshorthands| is always true, and it is always false if
+% |shorthands| is empty. Also, some code makes sense only with
+% |shorthands=...|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9c}{2013/04/07}{Added t and c for tilde and comma}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Conditional loading of shorthands}
+\def\bbl at sh@string#1{%
+ \ifx#1\@empty\else
+ \ifx#1t\string~%
+ \else\ifx#1c\string,%
+ \else\string#1%
+ \fi\fi
+ \expandafter\bbl at sh@string
+ \fi}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@shorthands\@nnil
+ \def\bbl at ifshorthand#1#2#3{#2}%
+\else\ifx\bbl at opt@shorthands\@empty
+ \def\bbl at ifshorthand#1#2#3{#3}%
+\else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following macro tests if a shortand is one of the allowed
+% ones.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\bbl at ifshorthand#1{%
+ \bbl at xin@{\string#1}{\bbl at opt@shorthands}%
+ \ifin@
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We make sure all chars in the string are `other', with the help
+% of an auxiliary macro defined above (which also zaps spaces).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \edef\bbl at opt@shorthands{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at sh@string\bbl at opt@shorthands\@empty}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following is ignored with |shorthands=off|, since it is
+% intended to take some aditional actions for certain chars.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{'}%
+ {\PassOptionsToPackage{activeacute}{babel}}{}
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{`}%
+ {\PassOptionsToPackage{activegrave}{babel}}{}
+\fi\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/30}{Code setting language in
+% head/foots. Related to babel/3796}
+%
+% With |headfoot=lang| we can set the language used in heads/foots.
+% For example, in babel/3796 just adds |headfoot=english|. It
+% misuses \cs{@resetactivechars} but seems to work.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@headfoot\@nnil\else
+ \g at addto@macro\@resetactivechars{%
+ \set at typeset@protect
+ \expandafter\select at language@x\expandafter{\bbl at opt@headfoot}%
+ \let\protect\noexpand}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For the option safe we use a different approach -- |\bbl at opt@safe|
+% says which macros are redefined (B for bibs and R for refs). By
+% default, both are set.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@safe\@undefined
+ \def\bbl at opt@safe{BR}
+\fi
+\ifx\bbl at opt@main\@nnil\else
+ \edef\bbl at language@opts{%
+ \ifx\bbl at language@opts\@empty\else\bbl at language@opts,\fi
+ \bbl at opt@main}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For |layout| an auxiliary macro is provided, available for packages
+% and language styles.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.16}{2018/01/02}{Added the basic layout stuff and the
+% macro \cs{IfBabelLayout}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Defining IfBabelLayout}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil
+ \newcommand\IfBabelLayout[3]{#3}%
+\else
+ \newcommand\IfBabelLayout[1]{%
+ \@expandtwoargs\in@{.#1.}{.\bbl at opt@layout.}%
+ \ifin@
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Language options}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/15}{Rewritten the loading mechanism, so
+% that languages not declared are also correctly recognized, even
+% if given as global options}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/12}{Revised the loading mechanism}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/03/01}{Removed German options, because
+% they are now loaded directly}
+%
+% Languages are loaded when processing the corresponding option
+% \textit{except} if a |main| language has been set. In such a
+% case, it is not loaded until all options has been processed.
+% The following macro inputs the ldf file and does some additional
+% checks (|\input| works, too, but possible errors are not catched).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Language options}
+\let\bbl at afterlang\relax
+\let\BabelModifiers\relax
+\let\bbl at loaded\@empty
+\def\bbl at load@language#1{%
+ \InputIfFileExists{#1.ldf}%
+ {\edef\bbl at loaded{\CurrentOption
+ \ifx\bbl at loaded\@empty\else,\bbl at loaded\fi}%
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\bbl at afterlang
+ \csname\CurrentOption.ldf-h@@k\endcsname
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\BabelModifiers
+ \csname bbl at mod@\CurrentOption\endcsname}%
+ {\bbl at error{%
+ Unknown option `\CurrentOption'. Either you misspelled it\\%
+ or the language definition file \CurrentOption.ldf was not found}{%
+ Valid options are: shorthands=, KeepShorthandsActive,\\%
+ activeacute, activegrave, noconfigs, safe=, main=, math=\\%
+ headfoot=, strings=, config=, hyphenmap=, or a language name.}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now, we set language options whose names are different from |ldf| files.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/23}{Removed options for English, Indonesian and
+% Malay, now handled with proxy files}
+% \changes{babel~3.13}{2017/08/24}{Removed options for French,
+% too. ldf files now takes priority if exist, except Hebrew (to do)}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at try@load at lang#1#2#3{%
+ \IfFileExists{\CurrentOption.ldf}%
+ {\bbl at load@language{\CurrentOption}}%
+ {#1\bbl at load@language{#2}#3}}
+\DeclareOption{afrikaans}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{dutch}{}}
+\DeclareOption{brazil}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{portuges}{}}
+\DeclareOption{brazilian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{portuges}{}}
+\DeclareOption{hebrew}{%
+ \input{rlbabel.def}%
+ \bbl at load@language{hebrew}}
+\DeclareOption{hungarian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{magyar}{}}
+\DeclareOption{lowersorbian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{lsorbian}{}}
+\DeclareOption{nynorsk}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{norsk}{}}
+\DeclareOption{polutonikogreek}{%
+ \bbl at try@load at lang{}{greek}{\languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko}}}
+\DeclareOption{portuguese}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{portuges}{}}
+\DeclareOption{russian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{russianb}{}}
+\DeclareOption{ukrainian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{ukraineb}{}}
+\DeclareOption{uppersorbian}{\bbl at try@load at lang{}{usorbian}{}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Another way to extend the list of `known' options for \babel\ was
+% to create the file \file{bblopts.cfg} in which one can add option
+% declarations. However, this mechanism is deprecated -- if you
+% want an alternative name for a language, just create a new |.ldf|
+% file loading the actual one. You can also set the name
+% of the file with the package option |config=<name>|, which will
+% load |<name>.cfg| instead.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/28}{Added the \cs{AfterBabelLanguage}
+% mechanism, to be used mainly with the local cfg file.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/31}{Now you can set the name of the
+% local cfg file.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@config\@nnil
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{noconfigs}{}%
+ {\InputIfFileExists{bblopts.cfg}%
+ {\typeout{*************************************^^J%
+ * Local config file bblopts.cfg used^^J%
+ *}}%
+ {}}%
+\else
+ \InputIfFileExists{\bbl at opt@config.cfg}%
+ {\typeout{*************************************^^J%
+ * Local config file \bbl at opt@config.cfg used^^J%
+ *}}%
+ {\bbl at error{%
+ Local config file `\bbl at opt@config.cfg' not found}{%
+ Perhaps you misspelled it.}}%
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Recognizing global options in packages not having a closed set of
+% them is not trivial, as for them to be processed they must be
+% defined explicitly. So, package options not yet taken into
+% account and stored in |bbl at language@opts| are assumed to be
+% languages (note this list also contains the language given with
+% |main|). If not declared above, the name of the option and the
+% file are the same.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at for\bbl at tempa\bbl at language@opts{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{ds@\bbl at tempa}%
+ {\edef\bbl at tempb{%
+ \noexpand\DeclareOption
+ {\bbl at tempa}%
+ {\noexpand\bbl at load@language{\bbl at tempa}}}%
+ \bbl at tempb}%
+ \@empty}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now, we make sure an option is explicitly declared for any
+% language set as global option, by checking if an |ldf|
+% exists. The previous step was, in fact, somewhat redundant, but
+% that way we minimize accesing the file system just to see if the
+% option could be a language.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at foreach\@classoptionslist{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{ds@#1}%
+ {\IfFileExists{#1.ldf}%
+ {\DeclareOption{#1}{\bbl at load@language{#1}}}%
+ {}}%
+ {}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If a main language has been set, store it for the third pass.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@main\@nnil\else
+ \expandafter
+ \let\expandafter\bbl at loadmain\csname ds@\bbl at opt@main\endcsname
+ \DeclareOption{\bbl at opt@main}{}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% And we are done, because all options for this pass has been
+% declared. Those already processed in the first pass are just
+% ignored.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/22}{Default option does nothing}
+%
+% The options have to be processed in the order in which the user
+% specified them (except, of course, global options, which \LaTeX{}
+% processes before):
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AfterBabelLanguage#1{%
+ \bbl at ifsamestring\CurrentOption{#1}{\global\bbl at add\bbl at afterlang}{}}
+\DeclareOption*{}
+\ProcessOptions*
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This finished the second pass. Now the third one begins, which
+% loads the main language set with the key |main|. A warning is
+% raised if the main language is not the same as the last named
+% one, or if the value of the key |main| is not a language. Then
+% execute directly the option (because it could be used only in
+% |main|). After loading all languages, we deactivate
+% |\AfterBabelLanguage|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@main\@nnil
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\@classoptionslist,\bbl at language@opts}
+ \let\bbl at tempc\@empty
+ \bbl at for\bbl at tempb\bbl at tempa{%
+ \bbl at xin@{,\bbl at tempb,}{,\bbl at loaded,}%
+ \ifin@\edef\bbl at tempc{\bbl at tempb}\fi}
+ \def\bbl at tempa#1,#2\@nnil{\def\bbl at tempb{#1}}
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa\bbl at loaded,\@nnil
+ \ifx\bbl at tempb\bbl at tempc\else
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ Last declared language option is `\bbl at tempc',\\%
+ but the last processed one was `\bbl at tempb'.\\%
+ The main language cannot be set as both a global\\%
+ and a package option. Use `main=\bbl at tempc' as\\%
+ option. Reported}%
+ \fi
+\else
+ \DeclareOption{\bbl at opt@main}{\bbl at loadmain}
+ \ExecuteOptions{\bbl at opt@main}
+ \DeclareOption*{}
+ \ProcessOptions*
+\fi
+\def\AfterBabelLanguage{%
+ \bbl at error
+ {Too late for \string\AfterBabelLanguage}%
+ {Languages have been loaded, so I can do nothing}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% In order to catch the case where the user forgot to specify a
+% language we check whether |\bbl at main@language|, has become
+% defined. If not, no language has been loaded and an error
+% message is displayed.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/24}{Now babel is not loaded to prevent
+% the document from raising errors after fixing it}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at main@language\@undefined
+ \bbl at error{%
+ You haven't specified a language option}{%
+ You need to specify a language, either as a global option\\%
+ or as an optional argument to the \string\usepackage\space
+ command;\\%
+ You shouldn't try to proceed from here, type x to quit.}
+\fi
+%</package>
+%<*core>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{The kernel of Babel (\texttt{babel.def}, common)}
+%
+% The kernel of the \babel\ system is stored in either
+% \file{hyphen.cfg} or \file{switch.def} and \file{babel.def}. The
+% file \file{babel.def} contains most of the code, while
+% \file{switch.def} defines the language switching commands; both can
+% be read at run time. The file \file{hyphen.cfg} is a file that can
+% be loaded into the format, which is necessary when you want to be
+% able to switch hyphenation patterns (by default, it also inputs
+% \file{switch.def}, for ``historical reasons'', but it is not
+% necessary). When \file{babel.def} is loaded it checks if the current
+% version of \file{switch.def} is in the format; if not, it is
+% loaded. A further file, \file{babel.sty}, contains \LaTeX-specific
+% stuff.
+%
+% Because plain \TeX\ users might want to use some of the features of
+% the \babel{} system too, care has to be taken that plain \TeX\ can
+% process the files. For this reason the current format will have to
+% be checked in a number of places. Some of the code below is common
+% to plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX, some of it is for the \LaTeX\ case only.
+%
+% Plain formats based on etex (etex, xetex, luatex) don't load
+% |hyphen.cfg| but |etex.src|, which follows a different naming
+% convention, so we need to define the babel names. It presumes
+% |language.def| exists and it is the same file used when formats were
+% created.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/11}{Added \cs{bbl at for} for loops
+% ignoring empties}
+% \changes{babel~3.9c}{2013/04/06}{Normalize \cs{bbl at afterlang} to
+% relax}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/03/10}{Make sure \cs{bbl at language@opts}
+% is defined.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/03/11}{Define \cs{l@} values from
+% \cs{lang@} values set in Plain etex/xetex/luatex}
+%
+% \subsection{Tools}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/24}{Added definition for
+% \cs{uselanguage}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9n}{2015/12/21}{Define a few macros for 2.09}
+% \changes{babel~3.9p}{2016/02/05}{Added a test for lua(e)tex.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9q}{2016/02/12}{Load lua patterns if not lualatex.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\ldf at quit\@undefined
+\else
+ \expandafter\endinput
+\fi
+<@Make sure ProvidesFile is defined@>
+\ProvidesFile{babel.def}[<@date@> <@version@> Babel common definitions]
+<@Load macros for plain if not LaTeX@>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The file |babel.def| expects some definitions made in the \LaTeXe{}
+% style file. So, In \LaTeX2.09 and Plain{} we must provide at least
+% some predefined values as well some tools to set them (even if not
+% all options are available). There in no package options, and
+% therefore and alternative mechanism is provided. For the moment,
+% only |\babeloptionstrings| and |\babeloptionmath| are provided,
+% which can be defined before loading \babel. |\BabelModifiers| can be
+% set too (but not sure it works).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at ifshorthand\@undefined
+ \let\bbl at opt@shorthands\@nnil
+ \def\bbl at ifshorthand#1#2#3{#2}%
+ \let\bbl at language@opts\@empty
+ \ifx\babeloptionstrings\@undefined
+ \let\bbl at opt@strings\@nnil
+ \else
+ \let\bbl at opt@strings\babeloptionstrings
+ \fi
+ \def\BabelStringsDefault{generic}
+ \def\bbl at tempa{normal}
+ \ifx\babeloptionmath\bbl at tempa
+ \def\bbl at mathnormal{\noexpand\textormath}
+ \fi
+ \def\AfterBabelLanguage#1#2{}
+ \ifx\BabelModifiers\@undefined\let\BabelModifiers\relax\fi
+ \let\bbl at afterlang\relax
+ \def\bbl at opt@safe{BR}
+ \ifx\@uclclist\@undefined\let\@uclclist\@empty\fi
+ \ifx\bbl at trace\@undefined\def\bbl at trace#1{}\fi
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% And continue.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at switchflag\@undefined % Prevent double input
+ \let\bbl at switchflag\relax
+ \input switch.def\relax
+\fi
+\bbl at trace{Compatibility with language.def}
+\ifx\bbl at languages\@undefined
+ \ifx\directlua\@undefined
+ \openin1 = language.def
+ \ifeof1
+ \closein1
+ \message{I couldn't find the file language.def}
+ \else
+ \closein1
+ \begingroup
+ \def\addlanguage#1#2#3#4#5{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname lang@#1\endcsname\relax\else
+ \global\expandafter\let\csname l@#1\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname lang@#1\endcsname
+ \fi}%
+ \def\uselanguage#1{}%
+ \input language.def
+ \endgroup
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \chardef\l at english\z@
+\fi
+<@Load patterns in luatex@>
+<@Basic macros@>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\addto}
+% For each language four control sequences have to be defined that
+% control the language-specific definitions. To be able to add
+% something to these macro once they have been defined the macro
+% |\addto| is introduced. It takes two arguments, a \meta{control
+% sequence} and \TeX-code to be added to the \meta{control
+% sequence}.
+%
+% If the \meta{control sequence} has not been defined before it is
+% defined now. The control sequence could also expand to |\relax|,
+% in which case a circular definition results. The net result is a
+% stack overflow. Otherwise the replacement text for the
+% \meta{control sequence} is expanded and stored in a token
+% register, together with the \TeX-code to be added. Finally the
+% \meta{control sequence} is \emph{re}defined, using the contents
+% of the token register.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\addto#1#2{%
+ \ifx#1\@undefined
+ \def#1{#2}%
+ \else
+ \ifx#1\relax
+ \def#1{#2}%
+ \else
+ {\toks@\expandafter{#1#2}%
+ \xdef#1{\the\toks@}}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/10}{Removed the \cs{peek at token} and
+% \textsc{test at token} stuff}
+%
+% The macro |\initiate at active@char| takes all the necessary actions
+% to make its argument a shorthand character. The real work is
+% performed once for each character.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{1999/04/30}{Added \cs{bbl at withactive}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at withactive#1#2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \lccode`~=`#2\relax
+ \lowercase{\endgroup#1~}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at redefine}
+% To redefine a command, we save the old meaning of the macro.
+% Then we redefine it to call the original macro with the
+% `sanitized' argument. The reason why we do it this way is that
+% we don't want to redefine the \LaTeX\ macros completely in case
+% their definitions change (they have changed in the past).
+%
+% Because we need to redefine a number of commands we define the
+% command |\bbl at redefine| which takes care of this. It creates a
+% new control sequence, |\org at ...|
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at redefine#1{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname org@\bbl at tempa\endcsname#1%
+ \expandafter\def\csname\bbl at tempa\endcsname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This command should only be used in the preamble of the document.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\bbl at redefine
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at redefine@long}
+% This version of |\babel at redefine| can be used to redefine |\long|
+% commands such as |\ifthenelse|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at redefine@long#1{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname org@\bbl at tempa\endcsname#1%
+ \expandafter\long\expandafter\def\csname\bbl at tempa\endcsname}
+\@onlypreamble\bbl at redefine@long
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at redefinerobust}
+% For commands that are redefined, but which \textit{might} be
+% robust we need a slightly more intelligent macro. A robust
+% command |foo| is defined to expand to |\protect|\verb*|\foo |. So
+% it is necessary to check whether \verb*|\foo | exists. The result
+% is that the command that is being redefined is always robust
+% afterwards. Therefore all we need to do now is define \verb*|\foo |.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at redefinerobust#1{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{\bbl at tempa\space}%
+ {\expandafter\let\csname org@\bbl at tempa\endcsname#1%
+ \bbl at exp{\def\\#1{\\\protect\<\bbl at tempa\space>}}}%
+ {\bbl at exp{\let\<org@\bbl at tempa>\<\bbl at tempa\space>}}%
+ \@namedef{\bbl at tempa\space}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This command should only be used in the preamble of the document.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\bbl at redefinerobust
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Hooks}
+%
+% Note they are loaded in babel.def. switch.def only provides a
+% ``hook'' for hooks (with a default value which is a no-op,
+% below). Admittedly, the current implementation is a somewhat
+% simplistic and does vety little to catch errors, but it is intended
+% for developpers, after all. |\bbl at usehooks| is the commands used by
+% babel to execute hooks defined for an event.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/23}{Removed a \cs{newcommand},
+% undefined in Plain}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Hooks}
+\def\AddBabelHook#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at hk@#1}{\EnableBabelHook{#1}}{}%
+ \def\bbl at tempa##1,#2=##2,##3\@empty{\def\bbl at tempb{##2}}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa\bbl at evargs,#2=,\@empty
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at ev@#1@#2}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\bbl at add{ev@#2}{\bbl at elt{#1}}%
+ \bbl at csarg\newcommand}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\let{ev@#1@#2}\relax
+ \bbl at csarg\newcommand}%
+ {ev@#1@#2}[\bbl at tempb]}
+\def\EnableBabelHook#1{\bbl at csarg\let{hk@#1}\@firstofone}
+\def\DisableBabelHook#1{\bbl at csarg\let{hk@#1}\@gobble}
+\def\bbl at usehooks#1#2{%
+ \def\bbl at elt##1{%
+ \@nameuse{bbl at hk@##1}{\@nameuse{bbl at ev@##1@#1}#2}}%
+ \@nameuse{bbl at ev@#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% To ensure forward compatibility, arguments in hooks are set
+% implicitly. So, if a further argument is added in the future,
+% there is no need to change the existing code. Note events
+% intended for \textsf{hyphen.cfg} are also loaded (just in
+% case you need them for some reason).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at evargs{,% don't delete the comma
+ everylanguage=1,loadkernel=1,loadpatterns=1,loadexceptions=1,%
+ adddialect=2,patterns=2,defaultcommands=0,encodedcommands=2,write=0,%
+ beforeextras=0,afterextras=0,stopcommands=0,stringprocess=0,%
+ hyphenation=2,initiateactive=3,afterreset=0,foreign=0,foreign*=0}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babelensure}
+%
+% The user command just parses the optional argument and creates a
+% new macro named |\bbl at e@|\m{language}. We register a hook at the
+% |afterextras| event which just executes this macro in a
+% ``complete'' selection (which, if undefined, is |\relax| and does
+% nothing). This part is somewhat involved because we have to make
+% sure things are expanded the correct number of times.
+%
+% The macro |\bbl at e@|\m{language} contains
+% |\bbl at ensure|\marg{include}\marg{exclude}\marg{fontenc}, which in in
+% turn loops over the macros names in |\bbl at captionslist|, excluding
+% (with the help of |\in@|) those in the |exclude| list. If the
+% |fontenc| is given (and not |\relax|), the |\fontencoding| is also
+% added. Then we loop over the |include| list, but if the macro
+% already contains |\foreignlanguage|, nothing is done. Note this
+% macro (1) is not restricted to the preamble, and (2) changes are
+% local.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/14}{Macro \cs{babelensure} added}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/23}{Encapsulate \cs{foreignlanguage} in
+% \cs{bbl at ensure@}language, to "protect" strings}
+% \changes{babel~3.9s}{2017/04/10}{Bug fix - extra spaces because a
+% missing percent}
+% \changes{babel~3.9s}{2017/04/10}{\cs{bbl at ensure@lang} defined only
+% once}
+% \changes{babel~3.10}{2017/05/06}{\cs{bbl at ensured} renamed to
+% \cs{bbl at captionslist} (for \cs{babelprovide}), which means
+% \cs{today} must be given explicitly in \cs{babelensure}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Defining babelensure}
+\newcommand\babelensure[2][]{% TODO - revise test files
+ \AddBabelHook{babel-ensure}{afterextras}{%
+ \ifcase\bbl at select@type
+ \@nameuse{bbl at e@\languagename}%
+ \fi}%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\bbl at ens@include\@empty
+ \let\bbl at ens@exclude\@empty
+ \def\bbl at ens@fontenc{\relax}%
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1{%
+ \ifx\@empty##1\else\noexpand##1\expandafter\bbl at tempb\fi}%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\bbl at tempb#1\@empty}%
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1=##2\@@{\@namedef{bbl at ens@##1}{##2}}%
+ \bbl at foreach\bbl at tempa{\bbl at tempb##1\@@}%
+ \def\bbl at tempc{\bbl at ensure}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add\expandafter\bbl at tempc\expandafter{%
+ \expandafter{\bbl at ens@include}}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add\expandafter\bbl at tempc\expandafter{%
+ \expandafter{\bbl at ens@exclude}}%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\bbl at tempc}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \endgroup
+ \def\<bbl at e@#2>{\the\toks@{\bbl at ens@fontenc}}}}
+\def\bbl at ensure#1#2#3{% 1: include 2: exclude 3: fontenc
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1{% elt for (excluding) \bbl at captionslist list
+ \ifx##1\@empty\else
+ \in@{##1}{#2}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at ensure@\languagename}%
+ {\bbl at exp{%
+ \\\DeclareRobustCommand\<bbl at ensure@\languagename>[1]{%
+ \\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}%
+ {\ifx\relax#3\else
+ \\\fontencoding{#3}\\\selectfont
+ \fi
+ ########1}}}}%
+ {}%
+ \toks@\expandafter{##1}%
+ \edef##1{%
+ \bbl at csarg\noexpand{ensure@\languagename}%
+ {\the\toks@}}%
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempb
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempb\bbl at captionslist\today\@empty
+ \def\bbl at tempa##1{% elt for include list
+ \ifx##1\@empty\else
+ \bbl at csarg\in@{ensure@\languagename\expandafter}\expandafter{##1}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \bbl at tempb##1\@empty
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at tempa#1\@empty}
+\def\bbl at captionslist{%
+ \prefacename\refname\abstractname\bibname\chaptername\appendixname
+ \contentsname\listfigurename\listtablename\indexname\figurename
+ \tablename\partname\enclname\ccname\headtoname\pagename\seename
+ \alsoname\proofname\glossaryname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Setting up language files}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\LdfInit}
+% The second version of |\LdfInit| macro takes two arguments. The first
+% argument is the name of the language that will be defined in the
+% language definition file; the second argument is either a control
+% sequence or a string from which a control sequence should be
+% constructed. The existence of the control sequence indicates that
+% the file has been processed before.
+%
+% At the start of processing a language definition file we always
+% check the category code of the at-sign. We make sure that it is
+% a `letter' during the processing of the file. We also save its
+% name as the last called option, even if not loaded.
+%
+% Another character that needs to have the correct category code
+% during processing of language definition files is the equals sign,
+% `=', because it is sometimes used in constructions with the
+% |\let| primitive. Therefore we store its current catcode and
+% restore it later on.
+%
+% Now we check whether we should perhaps stop the processing of
+% this file. To do this we first need to check whether the second
+% argument that is passed to |\LdfInit| is a control sequence. We
+% do that by looking at the first token after passing |#2| through
+% |string|. When it is equal to |\@backslashchar| we are dealing
+% with a control sequence which we can compare with |\@undefined|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/11}{\cs{ldf at quit} is not delayed any
+% more after \cs{fi} , since \cs{endinput} is not executed
+% immediately}
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2012/08/11}{Preset the ``family'' of macros
+% \cs{Babel}...}
+%
+% If so, we call |\ldf at quit| to set the main language, restore the
+% category code of the @-sign and call |\endinput|
+%
+% When |#2| was \emph{not} a control sequence we construct one and
+% compare it with |\relax|.
+%
+% Finally we check |\originalTeX|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Macros for setting language files up}
+\def\bbl at ldfinit{%
+ \let\bbl at screset\@empty
+ \let\BabelStrings\bbl at opt@string
+ \let\BabelOptions\@empty
+ \let\BabelLanguages\relax
+ \ifx\originalTeX\@undefined
+ \let\originalTeX\@empty
+ \else
+ \originalTeX
+ \fi}
+\def\LdfInit#1#2{%
+ \chardef\atcatcode=\catcode`\@
+ \catcode`\@=11\relax
+ \chardef\eqcatcode=\catcode`\=
+ \catcode`\==12\relax
+ \expandafter\if\expandafter\@backslashchar
+ \expandafter\@car\string#2\@nil
+ \ifx#2\@undefined\else
+ \ldf at quit{#1}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#2\endcsname\relax\else
+ \ldf at quit{#1}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \bbl at ldfinit}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ldf at quit}
+% This macro interrupts the processing of a language definition file.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ldf at quit#1{%
+ \expandafter\main at language\expandafter{#1}%
+ \catcode`\@=\atcatcode \let\atcatcode\relax
+ \catcode`\==\eqcatcode \let\eqcatcode\relax
+ \endinput}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ldf at finish}
+% This macro takes one argument. It is the name of the language
+% that was defined in the language definition file.
+%
+% We load the local configuration file if one is present, we set
+% the main language (taking into account that the argument might be
+% a control sequence that needs to be expanded) and reset the
+% category code of the @-sign.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/10/01}{Added \cs{bbl at afterlang} which
+% executes the code delayed with \cs{AfterBabelLanguage}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at afterldf#1{%
+ \bbl at afterlang
+ \let\bbl at afterlang\relax
+ \let\BabelModifiers\relax
+ \let\bbl at screset\relax}%
+\def\ldf at finish#1{%
+ \loadlocalcfg{#1}%
+ \bbl at afterldf{#1}%
+ \expandafter\main at language\expandafter{#1}%
+ \catcode`\@=\atcatcode \let\atcatcode\relax
+ \catcode`\==\eqcatcode \let\eqcatcode\relax}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% After the preamble of the document the commands |\LdfInit|,
+% |\ldf at quit| and |\ldf at finish| are no longer needed. Therefore
+% they are turned into warning messages in \LaTeX.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\LdfInit
+\@onlypreamble\ldf at quit
+\@onlypreamble\ldf at finish
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\main at language}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at main@language}
+% This command should be used in the various language definition
+% files. It stores its argument in |\bbl at main@language|; to be used
+% to switch to the correct language at the beginning of the
+% document.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8l}{2008/07/06}{Use \cs{bbl at patterns}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\main at language#1{%
+ \def\bbl at main@language{#1}%
+ \let\languagename\bbl at main@language
+ \bbl at patterns{\languagename}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We also have to make sure that some code gets executed at the
+% beginning of the document. Languages does not set |\pagedir|, so
+% we set here for the whole document to the main |\bodydir|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \expandafter\selectlanguage\expandafter{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \ifcase\bbl at engine\or\pagedir\bodydir\fi} % TODO - a better place
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% A bit of optimization. Select in heads/foots the language only if
+% necessary.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\select at language@x#1{%
+ \ifcase\bbl at select@type
+ \bbl at ifsamestring\languagename{#1}{}{\select at language{#1}}%
+ \else
+ \select at language{#1}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Shorthands}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at add@special}
+% The macro |\bbl at add@special| is used to add a new character (or
+% single character control sequence) to the macro |\dospecials|
+% (and |\@sanitize| if \LaTeX\ is used). It is used only at one
+% place, namely when |\initiate at active@char| is called (which is
+% ignored if the char has been made active before). Because
+% |\@sanitize| can be undefined, we put the definition inside a
+% conditional.
+%
+% Items are added to the lists without checking its existence or
+% the original catcode. It does not hurt, but should be fixed. It's
+% already done with |\nfss at catcodes|, added in 3.10.
+%
+% \changes{3.10}{2017/05/14}{Refactored. Add to \cs{nfss at catcodes} too.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Shorhands}
+\def\bbl at add@special#1{% 1:a macro like \", \?, etc.
+ \bbl at add\dospecials{\do#1}% test @sanitize = \relax, for back. compat.
+ \bbl at ifunset{@sanitize}{}{\bbl at add\@sanitize{\@makeother#1}}%
+ \ifx\nfss at catcodes\@undefined\else % TODO - same for above
+ \begingroup
+ \catcode`#1\active
+ \nfss at catcodes
+ \ifnum\catcode`#1=\active
+ \endgroup
+ \bbl at add\nfss at catcodes{\@makeother#1}%
+ \else
+ \endgroup
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at remove@special}
+%
+% The companion of the former macro is |\bbl at remove@special|. It
+% removes a character from the set macros |\dospecials| and
+% |\@sanitize|, but it is not used at all in the \babel{} core.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at remove@special#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\x##1##2{\ifnum`#1=`##2\noexpand\@empty
+ \else\noexpand##1\noexpand##2\fi}%
+ \def\do{\x\do}%
+ \def\@makeother{\x\@makeother}%
+ \edef\x{\endgroup
+ \def\noexpand\dospecials{\dospecials}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname @sanitize\endcsname\relax\else
+ \def\noexpand\@sanitize{\@sanitize}%
+ \fi}%
+ \x}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\initiate at active@char}
+% A language definition file can call this macro to make a
+% character active. This macro takes one argument, the character
+% that is to be made active. When the character was already active
+% this macro does nothing. Otherwise, this macro defines the
+% control sequence |\normal at char|\m{char} to expand to the
+% character in its `normal state' and it defines the active
+% character to expand to |\normal at char|\m{char} by default
+% (\m{char} being the character to be made active). Later its
+% definition can be changed to expand to |\active at char|\m{char}
+% by calling |\bbl at activate{|\m{char}|}|.
+%
+% For example, to make the double quote character active one could
+% have |\initiate at active@char{"}| in a language definition file.
+% This defines |"| as |\active at prefix "\active at char"| (where the
+% first |"| is the character with its original catcode, when the
+% shorthand is created, and |\active at char"| is a single token). In
+% protected contexts, it expands to |\protect "| or |\noexpand "|
+% (ie, with the original |"|); otherwise |\active at char"| is
+% executed. This macro in turn expands to |\normal at char"| in
+% ``safe'' contexts (eg, |\label|), but |\user at active"| in normal
+% ``unsafe'' ones. The latter search a definition in the user,
+% language and system levels, in this order, but if none is found,
+% |\normal at char"| is used. However, a deactivated shorthand (with
+% |\bbl at deactivate| is defined as |\active at prefix "\normal at char"|.
+%
+% The following macro is used to define shorthands in the three
+% levels. It takes 4 arguments: the (string'ed) character,
+% |\<level>@group|, |<level>@active| and |<next-level>@active|
+% (except in |system|).
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/18}{New macro, with code from
+% \cs{@initiate at active@char}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at active@def#1#2#3#4{%
+ \@namedef{#3#1}{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#2 at sh@#1@\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at afterelse\bbl at sh@select#2#1{#3 at arg#1}{#4#1}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi\csname#2 at sh@#1@\endcsname
+ \fi}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When there is also no current-level shorthand with an argument we
+% will check whether there is a next-level defined shorthand for
+% this active character.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \long\@namedef{#3 at arg#1}##1{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#2 at sh@#1@\string##1@\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at afterelse\csname#4#1\endcsname##1%
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi\csname#2 at sh@#1@\string##1@\endcsname
+ \fi}}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/18}{Removed an extra hash. Now calls
+% \cs{@initiate at active@char} with 3 arguments.}
+%
+% |\initiate at active@char| calls |\@initiate at active@char| with 3
+% arguments. All of them are the same character with different
+% catcodes: active, other (|\string|'ed) and the original one.
+% This trick simplifies the code a lot.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\initiate at active@char#1{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{active at char\string#1}%
+ {\bbl at withactive
+ {\expandafter\@initiate at active@char\expandafter}#1\string#1#1}%
+ {}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9e}{2012/08/18}{Introduced the 3-argument
+% \cs{@initiate at active@char}, with different catcodes: active,
+% string'ed, and original. Reorganized}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/19}{The catcode is saved}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/09}{The original definition is saved,
+% too}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/27}{Take into account mathematically
+% active chars, to avoid infinite loops}
+%
+% The very first thing to do is saving the original catcode and the
+% original definition, even if not active, which is possible
+% (undefined characters require a special treatement to avoid
+% making them |\relax|).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@initiate at active@char#1#2#3{%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{oricat@#2}{\catcode`#2=\the\catcode`#2\relax}%
+ \ifx#1\@undefined
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{oridef@#2}{\let\noexpand#1\noexpand\@undefined}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at csarg\let{oridef@@#2}#1%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{oridef@#2}{%
+ \let\noexpand#1%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname bbl at oridef@@#2\endcsname}%
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If the character is already active we provide the default
+% expansion under this shorthand mechanism. Otherwise we write a
+% message in the transcript file, and define |\normal at char|\m{char}
+% to expand to the character in its default state. If the character
+% is mathematically active when \babel{} is loaded (for example
+% |'|) the normal expansion is somewhat different to avoid an
+% infinite loop (but it does not prevent the loop if the mathcode
+% is set to |"8000| \textit{a posteriori}).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx#1#3\relax
+ \expandafter\let\csname normal at char#2\endcsname#3%
+ \else
+ \bbl at info{Making #2 an active character}%
+ \ifnum\mathcode`#2="8000
+ \@namedef{normal at char#2}{%
+ \textormath{#3}{\csname bbl at oridef@@#2\endcsname}}%
+ \else
+ \@namedef{normal at char#2}{#3}%
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% To prevent problems with the loading of other packages after
+% \babel\ we reset the catcode of the character to the original one
+% at the end of the package and of each language file (except with
+% \textsf{KeepShorthandsActive}). It is re-activate again at
+% |\begin{document}|. We also need to make sure that the
+% shorthands are active during the processing of the \file{.aux}
+% file. Otherwise some citations may give unexpected results in
+% the printout when a shorthand was used in the optional argument
+% of |\bibitem| for example. Then we make it active (not strictly
+% necessary, but done for backward compatibility).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at restoreactive{#2}%
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \catcode`#2\active
+ \if at filesw
+ \immediate\write\@mainaux{\catcode`\string#2\active}%
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add@special\csname#2\endcsname
+ \catcode`#2\active
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we have set |\normal at char|\m{char}, we must define
+% |\active at char|\m{char}, to be executed when the character is
+% activated. We define the first level expansion of
+% |\active at char|\m{char} to check the status of the |@safe at actives|
+% flag. If it is set to true we expand to the `normal' version of
+% this character, otherwise we call |\user at active|\m{char} to start
+% the search of a definition in the user, language and system
+% levels (or eventually |normal at char|\m{char}).
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/27}{Added code for option math=normal}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/03}{Don't call directly
+% \cs{user at active}, but with an intermediate step}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\@firstoftwo
+ \if\string^#2%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{\noexpand\textormath}%
+ \else
+ \ifx\bbl at mathnormal\@undefined\else
+ \let\bbl at tempa\bbl at mathnormal
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\edef\csname active at char#2\endcsname{%
+ \bbl at tempa
+ {\noexpand\if at safe@actives
+ \noexpand\expandafter
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname normal at char#2\endcsname
+ \noexpand\else
+ \noexpand\expandafter
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname bbl at doactive#2\endcsname
+ \noexpand\fi}%
+ {\expandafter\noexpand\csname normal at char#2\endcsname}}%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{doactive#2}{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname user at active#2\endcsname}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/27}{Shorthands are not defined
+% directly, but with a couple of intermediate macros}
+%
+% We now define the default values which the shorthand is set to
+% when activated or deactivated. It is set to the deactivated form
+% (globally), so that the character expands to
+% \begin{center}
+% |\active at prefix| \m{char} |\normal at char|\m{char}
+% \end{center}
+% (where |\active at char|\m{char} is \emph{one} control sequence!).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{active@#2}{%
+ \noexpand\active at prefix\noexpand#1%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname active at char#2\endcsname}%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{normal@#2}{%
+ \noexpand\active at prefix\noexpand#1%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname normal at char#2\endcsname}%
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter#1\csname bbl at normal@#2\endcsname
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The next level of the code checks whether a user has defined a
+% shorthand for himself with this character. First we check for a
+% single character shorthand. If that doesn't exist we check for a
+% shorthand with an argument.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/04/19}{Now use \cs{bbl at sh@select}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/18}{Instead of the ``copy-paste pattern''
+% a new macro is used}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at active@def#2\user at group{user at active}{language at active}%
+ \bbl at active@def#2\language at group{language at active}{system at active}%
+ \bbl at active@def#2\system at group{system at active}{normal at char}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% In order to do the right thing when a shorthand with an argument
+% is used by itself at the end of the line we provide a definition
+% for the case of an empty argument. For that case we let the
+% shorthand character expand to its non-active self. Also, When a
+% shorthand combination such as |''| ends up in a heading \TeX\
+% would see |\protect'\protect'|. To prevent this from happening a
+% couple of shorthand needs to be defined at user level.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/8/18}{Use \cs{user at group}, as above,
+% instead of the hardwired \texttt{user}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \expandafter\edef\csname\user at group @sh@#2@@\endcsname
+ {\expandafter\noexpand\csname normal at char#2\endcsname}%
+ \expandafter\edef\csname\user at group @sh@#2@\string\protect@\endcsname
+ {\expandafter\noexpand\csname user at active#2\endcsname}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally, a couple of special cases are taken care of. (1) If we
+% are making the right quote (|'|) active we need to change |\pr at m@s| as
+% well. Also, make sure that a single |'| in math mode `does the
+% right thing'. (2) If we are using the caret (|^|) as a shorthand
+% character special care should be taken to make sure math still
+% works. Therefore an extra level of expansion is introduced with a
+% check for math mode on the upper level.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/11}{The output routine resets the quote
+% to \cs{active at math@prime}, so we redefine the latter with the new
+% ``normal'' value}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/20}{Added a couple of missing
+% comment characters (PR 4146)}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/29}{Use \cs{textormath} instead of
+% \cs{ifmath}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/11/26}{Compare the char, irrespective of
+% its catcode.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/27}{Removed the redeclaration of
+% \cs{normal at char'} because it is handled in a generic way above}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/29}{Removed the intermediate step of
+% \cs{bbl at act@caret} and moved above}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2012/12/29}{Added the event \cs{initiateactive}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \if\string'#2%
+ \let\prim at s\bbl at prim@s
+ \let\active at math@prime#1%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at usehooks{initiateactive}{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following package options control the behavior of shorthands
+% in math mode.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\DeclareOption{math=active}{}
+\DeclareOption{math=normal}{\def\bbl at mathnormal{\noexpand\textormath}}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Initiating a shorthand makes active the char. That is not
+% strictly necessary but it is still done for backward
+% compatibility. So we need to restore the original catcode at the
+% end of package \textit{and} and the end of the |ldf|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/04}{Catcodes are also restored after
+% each language, to prevent incompatibilities. Use \cs{string} instead
+% of \cs{noexpand} and add \cs{relax}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/10/18}{Catcodes are deactivated in a separate
+% macro, which is made no-op when babel exits}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@ifpackagewith{babel}{KeepShorthandsActive}%
+ {\let\bbl at restoreactive\@gobble}%
+ {\def\bbl at restoreactive#1{%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\AfterBabelLanguage\\\CurrentOption
+ {\catcode`#1=\the\catcode`#1\relax}%
+ \\\AtEndOfPackage
+ {\catcode`#1=\the\catcode`#1\relax}}}%
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\let\bbl at restoreactive\@gobble}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at sh@select}
+% This command helps the shorthand supporting macros to select how
+% to proceed. Note that this macro needs to be expandable as do all
+% the shorthand macros in order for them to work in expansion-only
+% environments such as the argument of |\hyphenation|.
+%
+% This macro expects the name of a group of shorthands in its first
+% argument and a shorthand character in its second argument. It
+% will expand to either |\bbl at firstcs| or |\bbl at scndcs|. Hence two
+% more arguments need to follow it.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/04/19}{Added command}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/18}{Removed \cs{string}s, because the
+% char are already string'ed}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at sh@select#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1 at sh@#2 at sel\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at afterelse\bbl at scndcs
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi\csname#1 at sh@#2 at sel\endcsname
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\active at prefix}
+% The command |\active at prefix| which is used in the expansion of
+% active characters has a function similar to |\OT1-cmd| in that it
+% |\protect|s the active character whenever |\protect| is
+% \emph{not} |\@typeset at protect|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\active at prefix#1{%
+ \ifx\protect\@typeset at protect
+ \else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When |\protect| is set to |\@unexpandable at protect| we make sure
+% that the active character is als \emph{not} expanded by inserting
+% |\noexpand| in front of it. The |\@gobble| is needed to remove
+% a token such as |\activechar:| (when the double colon was the
+% active character to be dealt with).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\protect\@unexpandable at protect
+ \noexpand#1%
+ \else
+ \protect#1%
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\@gobble
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\if at safe@actives}
+% In some circumstances it is necessary to be able to change the
+% expansion of an active character on the fly. For this purpose the
+% switch |@safe at actives| is available. The setting of this switch
+% should be checked in the first level expansion of
+% |\active at char|\m{char}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\if at safe@actives
+\@safe at activesfalse
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at restore@actives}
+% When the output routine kicks in while the
+% active characters were made ``safe'' this must be undone in
+% the headers to prevent unexpected typeset results. For this
+% situation we define a command to make them ``unsafe'' again.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at restore@actives{\if at safe@actives\@safe at activesfalse\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at activate}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at deactivate}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/11}{\cs{bbl at withactive} makes sure the
+% catcode is active}
+%
+% Both macros take one argument, like |\initiate at active@char|. The
+% macro is used to change the definition of an active character to
+% expand to |\active at char|\m{char} in the case of |\bbl at activate|,
+% or |\normal at char|\m{char} in the case of
+% |\bbl at deactivate|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at activate#1{%
+ \bbl at withactive{\expandafter\let\expandafter}#1%
+ \csname bbl at active@\string#1\endcsname}
+\def\bbl at deactivate#1{%
+ \bbl at withactive{\expandafter\let\expandafter}#1%
+ \csname bbl at normal@\string#1\endcsname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at firstcs}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at scndcs}
+% These macros have two arguments. They use one of their arguments
+% to build a control sequence from.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at firstcs#1#2{\csname#1\endcsname}
+\def\bbl at scndcs#1#2{\csname#2\endcsname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\declare at shorthand}
+% The command |\declare at shorthand| is used to declare a shorthand
+% on a certain level. It takes three arguments:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item a name for the collection of shorthands, i.e. `system', or
+% `dutch';
+% \item the character (sequence) that makes up the shorthand,
+% i.e. |~| or |"a|;
+% \item the code to be executed when the shorthand is encountered.
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/04/19}{We need to support shorthands with
+% and without argument in different groups; added the name of the
+% group to the storage macro}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/03}{Check if shorthands are redefined}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\declare at shorthand#1#2{\@decl at short{#1}#2\@nil}
+\def\@decl at short#1#2#3\@nil#4{%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{#3}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\@empty
+ \expandafter\let\csname #1 at sh@\string#2 at sel\endcsname\bbl at scndcs
+ \bbl at ifunset{#1 at sh@\string#2@}{}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{#4}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1 at sh@\string#2@\endcsname\bbl at tempa
+ \else
+ \bbl at info
+ {Redefining #1 shorthand \string#2\\%
+ in language \CurrentOption}%
+ \fi}%
+ \@namedef{#1 at sh@\string#2@}{#4}%
+ \else
+ \expandafter\let\csname #1 at sh@\string#2 at sel\endcsname\bbl at firstcs
+ \bbl at ifunset{#1 at sh@\string#2@\string#3@}{}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{#4}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1 at sh@\string#2@\string#3@\endcsname\bbl at tempa
+ \else
+ \bbl at info
+ {Redefining #1 shorthand \string#2\string#3\\%
+ in language \CurrentOption}%
+ \fi}%
+ \@namedef{#1 at sh@\string#2@\string#3@}{#4}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\textormath}
+% Some of the shorthands that will be declared by the language
+% definition files have to be usable in both text and mathmode. To
+% achieve this the helper macro |\textormath| is provided.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/29}{Failed if an argument had a
+% condicional. Use the more robust mechanism of \cs{XXXoftwo}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\textormath{%
+ \ifmmode
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\user at group}
+% \begin{macro}{\language at group}
+% \begin{macro}{\system at group}
+% The current concept of `shorthands' supports three levels or
+% groups of shorthands. For each level the name of the level or
+% group is stored in a macro. The default is to have a user group;
+% use language group `english' and have a system group called
+% `system'.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\user at group{user}
+\def\language at group{english}
+\def\system at group{system}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\useshorthands}
+% This is the user level command to tell \LaTeX\ that user level
+% shorthands will be used in the document. It takes one argument,
+% the character that starts a shorthand. First note that this is
+% user level, and then initialize and activate the character for
+% use as a shorthand character (ie, it's active in the
+% preamble). Languages can deactivate shorthands, so a starred
+% version is also provided which activates them always after the
+% language has been switched.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/05}{Now \cs{bbl at activate} makes sure
+% the catcode is active, so this part is simplified}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/12}{User shorhands can be
+% defined even with shorthands=off}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\useshorthands{%
+ \@ifstar\bbl at usesh@s{\bbl at usesh@x{}}}
+\def\bbl at usesh@s#1{%
+ \bbl at usesh@x
+ {\AddBabelHook{babel-sh-\string#1}{afterextras}{\bbl at activate{#1}}}%
+ {#1}}
+\def\bbl at usesh@x#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#2}%
+ {\def\user at group{user}%
+ \initiate at active@char{#2}%
+ #1%
+ \bbl at activate{#2}}%
+ {\bbl at error
+ {Cannot declare a shorthand turned off (\string#2)}
+ {Sorry, but you cannot use shorthands which have been\\%
+ turned off in the package options}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\defineshorthand}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/05}{Added optional argument, to provide
+% a way to (re)define language shorthands}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/25}{Extended for language-dependent
+% user macros, with two new auxiliary macros}
+%
+% Currently we only support two groups of user level shorthands,
+% named internally |user| and |user@<lang>| (language-dependent
+% user shorthands). By default, only the first one is taken into
+% account, but if the former is also used (in the optional argument
+% of |\defineshorthand|) a new level is inserted for it
+% (|user at generic|, done by |\bbl at set@user at generic|); we make also
+% sure |{}| and |\protect| are taken into account in this new top
+% level.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\user at language@group{user@\language at group}
+\def\bbl at set@user at generic#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{user at generic@active#1}%
+ {\bbl at active@def#1\user at language@group{user at active}{user at generic@active}%
+ \bbl at active@def#1\user at group{user at generic@active}{language at active}%
+ \expandafter\edef\csname#2 at sh@#1@@\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname normal at char#1\endcsname}%
+ \expandafter\edef\csname#2 at sh@#1@\string\protect@\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname user at active#1\endcsname}}%
+ \@empty}
+\newcommand\defineshorthand[3][user]{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\zap at space#1 \@empty}%
+ \bbl at for\bbl at tempb\bbl at tempa{%
+ \if*\expandafter\@car\bbl at tempb\@nil
+ \edef\bbl at tempb{user@\expandafter\@gobble\bbl at tempb}%
+ \@expandtwoargs
+ \bbl at set@user at generic{\expandafter\string\@car#2\@nil}\bbl at tempb
+ \fi
+ \declare at shorthand{\bbl at tempb}{#2}{#3}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\languageshorthands}
+% A user level command to change the language from which shorthands
+% are used. Unfortunately, \babel{} currently does not keep track
+% of defined groups, and therefore there is no way to catch a
+% possible change in casing.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\languageshorthands#1{\def\language at group{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\aliasshorthand}
+% First the new shorthand needs to be initialized,
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\aliasshorthand#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#2}%
+ {\expandafter\ifx\csname active at char\string#2\endcsname\relax
+ \ifx\document\@notprerr
+ \@notshorthand{#2}%
+ \else
+ \initiate at active@char{#2}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/06}{Instead of letting the new shorthand to
+% the original char, which very often didn't work, we define it
+% directly}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/20}{Make sure both characters (old an
+% new) are active}
+%
+% Then, we define the new shorthand in terms of the original
+% one, but note with |\aliasshorthands{"}{/}| is
+% |\active at prefix /\active at char/|, so we still need to let the
+% lattest to |\active at char"|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \expandafter\let\csname active at char\string#2\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname active at char\string#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\let\csname normal at char\string#2\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname normal at char\string#1\endcsname
+ \bbl at activate{#2}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}%
+ {\bbl at error
+ {Cannot declare a shorthand turned off (\string#2)}
+ {Sorry, but you cannot use shorthands which have been\\%
+ turned off in the package options}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@notshorthand}
+%
+% \changes{v3.8d}{2004/11/20}{Error message added}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@notshorthand#1{%
+ \bbl at error{%
+ The character `\string #1' should be made a shorthand character;\\%
+ add the command \string\useshorthands\string{#1\string} to
+ the preamble.\\%
+ I will ignore your instruction}%
+ {You may proceed, but expect unexpected results}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\shorthandon}
+% \begin{macro}{\shorthandoff}
+% The first level definition of these macros just passes the
+% argument on to |\bbl at switch@sh|, adding |\@nil| at the end to
+% denote the end of the list of characters.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand*\shorthandon[1]{\bbl at switch@sh\@ne#1\@nnil}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\shorthandoff{%
+ \@ifstar{\bbl at shorthandoff\tw@}{\bbl at shorthandoff\z@}}
+\def\bbl at shorthandoff#1#2{\bbl at switch@sh#1#2\@nnil}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at switch@sh}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/02/21}{Code revised}
+%
+% The macro |\bbl at switch@sh| takes the list of characters apart one
+% by one and subsequently switches the category code of the
+% shorthand character according to the first argument of
+% |\bbl at switch@sh|.
+%
+% But before any of this switching takes place we make sure that
+% the character we are dealing with is known as a shorthand
+% character. If it is, a macro such as |\active at char"| should
+% exist.
+%
+% Switching off and on is easy -- we just set the category
+% code to `other' (12) and |\active|. With the starred version, the
+% original catcode and the original definition, saved
+% in |@initiate at active@char|, are restored.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at switch@sh#1#2{%
+ \ifx#2\@nnil\else
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at active@\string#2}%
+ {\bbl at error
+ {I cannot switch `\string#2' on or off--not a shorthand}%
+ {This character is not a shorthand. Maybe you made\\%
+ a typing mistake? I will ignore your instruction}}%
+ {\ifcase#1%
+ \catcode`#212\relax
+ \or
+ \catcode`#2\active
+ \or
+ \csname bbl at oricat@\string#2\endcsname
+ \csname bbl at oridef@\string#2\endcsname
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at afterfi\bbl at switch@sh#1%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/16}{Added code}
+%
+% Note the value is that at the expansion time, eg, in the preample
+% shorhands are usually deactivated.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\babelshorthand{\active at prefix\babelshorthand\bbl at putsh}
+\def\bbl at putsh#1{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at active@\string#1}%
+ {\bbl at putsh@i#1\@empty\@nnil}%
+ {\csname bbl at active@\string#1\endcsname}}
+\def\bbl at putsh@i#1#2\@nnil{%
+ \csname\languagename @sh@\string#1@%
+ \ifx\@empty#2\else\string#2@\fi\endcsname}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@shorthands\@nnil\else
+ \let\bbl at s@initiate at active@char\initiate at active@char
+ \def\initiate at active@char#1{%
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#1}{\bbl at s@initiate at active@char{#1}}{}}
+ \let\bbl at s@switch at sh\bbl at switch@sh
+ \def\bbl at switch@sh#1#2{%
+ \ifx#2\@nnil\else
+ \bbl at afterfi
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#2}{\bbl at s@switch at sh#1{#2}}{\bbl at switch@sh#1}%
+ \fi}
+ \let\bbl at s@activate\bbl at activate
+ \def\bbl at activate#1{%
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#1}{\bbl at s@activate{#1}}{}}
+ \let\bbl at s@deactivate\bbl at deactivate
+ \def\bbl at deactivate#1{%
+ \bbl at ifshorthand{#1}{\bbl at s@deactivate{#1}}{}}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/27}{Removed redundant system declarations}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at prim@s}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at pr@m at s}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/29}{\cs{bbl at pr@m at s} rewritten to
+% take into account catcodes for both the quote and the hat}
+%
+% One of the internal macros that are involved in substituting
+% |\prime| for each right quote in mathmode is |\prim at s|. This
+% checks if the next character is a right quote. When the right
+% quote is active, the definition of this macro needs to be adapted
+% to look also for an active right quote; the hat could be active,
+% too.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at prim@s{%
+ \prime\futurelet\@let at token\bbl at pr@m at s}
+\def\bbl at if@primes#1#2{%
+ \ifx#1\@let at token
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else\ifx#2\@let at token
+ \bbl at afterelse\expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi\expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi\fi}
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\^=7 \catcode`\*=\active \lccode`\*=`\^
+ \catcode`\'=12 \catcode`\"=\active \lccode`\"=`\'
+ \lowercase{%
+ \gdef\bbl at pr@m at s{%
+ \bbl at if@primes"'%
+ \pr@@@s
+ {\bbl at if@primes*^\pr@@@t\egroup}}}
+\endgroup
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Usually the |~| is active and expands to \verb*=\penalty\@M\ =.
+% When it is written to the \file{.aux} file it is written
+% expanded. To prevent that and to be able to use the character |~|
+% as a start character for a shorthand, it is redefined here as a
+% one character shorthand on system level. The system declaration
+% is in most cases redundant (when |~| is still a non-break space),
+% and in some cases is inconvenient (if |~| has been redefined);
+% however, for backward compatibility it is maintained (some
+% existing documents may rely on the \babel{} value).
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/06}{Moved from above, after
+% \cs{bbl at usehook} has been defined}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/02/06}{Moved again at the original place}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\initiate at active@char{~}
+\declare at shorthand{system}{~}{\leavevmode\nobreak\ }
+\bbl at activate{~}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\OT1dqpos}
+% \begin{macro}{\T1dqpos}
+% The position of the double quote character is different for the
+% OT1 and T1 encodings. It will later be selected using the
+% |\f at encoding| macro. Therefore we define two macros here to store
+% the position of the character in these encodings.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\def\csname OT1dqpos\endcsname{127}
+\expandafter\def\csname T1dqpos\endcsname{4}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When the macro |\f at encoding| is undefined (as it is in plain
+% \TeX) we define it here to expand to \texttt{OT1}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\f at encoding\@undefined
+ \def\f at encoding{OT1}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Language attributes}
+%
+% Language attributes provide a means to give the user control over
+% which features of the language definition files he wants to
+% enable.
+% \begin{macro}{\languageattribute}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/07}{Use \cs{@expandtwoargs} with
+% \cs{in@}}
+%
+% The macro |\languageattribute| checks whether its arguments are
+% valid and then activates the selected language attribute.
+% First check whether the language is known, and then process each
+% attribute in the list.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Language attributes}
+\newcommand\languageattribute[2]{%
+ \def\bbl at tempc{#1}%
+ \bbl at fixname\bbl at tempc
+ \bbl at iflanguage\bbl at tempc{%
+ \bbl at vforeach{#2}{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We want to make sure that each attribute is selected only once;
+% therefore we store the already selected attributes in
+% |\bbl at known@attribs|. When that control sequence is not yet
+% defined this attribute is certainly not selected before.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\bbl at known@attribs\@undefined
+ \in at false
+ \else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we need to see if the attribute occurs in the list of
+% already selected attributes.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at xin@{,\bbl at tempc-##1,}{,\bbl at known@attribs,}%
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When the attribute was in the list we issue a warning; this might
+% not be the users intention.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifin@
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ You have more than once selected the attribute '##1'\\%
+ for language #1}%
+ \else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When we end up here the attribute is not selected before. So, we
+% add it to the list of selected attributes and execute the
+% associated \TeX-code.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\bbl at add@list\\\bbl at known@attribs{\bbl at tempc-##1}}%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\bbl at tempc-##1}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at ifknown@ttrib\expandafter{\bbl at tempa}\bbl at attributes%
+ {\csname\bbl at tempc @attr@##1\endcsname}%
+ {\@attrerr{\bbl at tempc}{##1}}%
+ \fi}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This command should only be used in the preamble of a document.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\languageattribute
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The error text to be issued when an unknown attribute is
+% selected.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand*{\@attrerr}[2]{%
+ \bbl at error
+ {The attribute #2 is unknown for language #1.}%
+ {Your command will be ignored, type <return> to proceed}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at declare@ttribute}
+% This command adds the new language/attribute combination to the
+% list of known attributes.
+%
+% Then it defines a control sequence to be executed when the
+% attribute is used in a document. The result of this should be
+% that the macro |\extras...| for the current language is extended,
+% otherwise the attribute will not work as its code is removed from
+% memory at |\begin{document}|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at declare@ttribute#1#2#3{%
+ \bbl at xin@{,#2,}{,\BabelModifiers,}%
+ \ifin@
+ \AfterBabelLanguage{#1}{\languageattribute{#1}{#2}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at add@list\bbl at attributes{#1-#2}%
+ \expandafter\def\csname#1 at attr@#2\endcsname{#3}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at ifattributeset}
+% This internal macro has 4 arguments. It can be used to interpret
+% \TeX\ code based on whether a certain attribute was set. This
+% command should appear inside the argument to |\AtBeginDocument|
+% because the attributes are set in the document preamble,
+% \emph{after} \babel\ is loaded.
+%
+% The first argument is the language, the second argument the
+% attribute being checked, and the third and fourth arguments are
+% the true and false clauses.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ifattributeset#1#2#3#4{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% First we need to find out if any attributes were set; if not
+% we're done.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\bbl at known@attribs\@undefined
+ \in at false
+ \else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The we need to check the list of known attributes.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at xin@{,#1-#2,}{,\bbl at known@attribs,}%
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When we're this far |\ifin@| has a value indicating if the
+% attribute in question was set or not. Just to be safe the code to
+% be executed is `thrown over the |\fi|'.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifin@
+ \bbl at afterelse#3%
+ \else
+ \bbl at afterfi#4%
+ \fi
+ }
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at ifknown@ttrib}
+% An internal macro to check whether a given language/attribute is
+% known. The macro takes 4 arguments, the language/attribute, the
+% attribute list, the \TeX-code to be executed when the attribute
+% is known and the \TeX-code to be executed otherwise.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ifknown@ttrib#1#2{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We first assume the attribute is unknown.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\@secondoftwo
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we loop over the list of known attributes, trying to find a
+% match.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at loopx\bbl at tempb{#2}{%
+ \expandafter\in@\expandafter{\expandafter,\bbl at tempb,}{,#1,}%
+ \ifin@
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When a match is found the definition of |\bbl at tempa| is changed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \fi}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally we execute |\bbl at tempa|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at tempa
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at clear@ttribs}
+% This macro removes all the attribute code from \LaTeX's memory at
+% |\begin{document}| time (if any is present).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at clear@ttribs{%
+ \ifx\bbl at attributes\@undefined\else
+ \bbl at loopx\bbl at tempa{\bbl at attributes}{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at clear@ttrib\bbl at tempa.
+ }%
+ \let\bbl at attributes\@undefined
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at clear@ttrib#1-#2.{%
+ \expandafter\let\csname#1 at attr@#2\endcsname\@undefined}
+\AtBeginDocument{\bbl at clear@ttribs}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Support for saving macro definitions}
+%
+% To save the meaning of control sequences using |\babel at save|, we
+% use temporary control sequences. To save hash table entries for
+% these control sequences, we don't use the name of the control
+% sequence to be saved to construct the temporary name. Instead we
+% simply use the value of a counter, which is reset to zero each time
+% we begin to save new values. This works well because we release
+% the saved meanings before we begin to save a new set of control
+% sequence meanings (see |\selectlanguage| and |\originalTeX|). Note
+% undefined macros are not undefined any more when saved -- they are
+% |\relax|'ed.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babel at savecnt}
+% \begin{macro}{\babel at beginsave}
+% The initialization of a new save cycle: reset the counter to
+% zero.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Macros for saving definitions}
+\def\babel at beginsave{\babel at savecnt\z@}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Before it's forgotten, allocate the counter and initialize all.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcount\babel at savecnt
+\babel at beginsave
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babel at save}
+% The macro |\babel at save|\meta{csname} saves the current meaning of
+% the control sequence \meta{csname} to
+% |\originalTeX|\footnote{\cs{originalTeX} has to be
+% expandable, i.\,e.\ you shouldn't let it to \cs{relax}.}.
+% To do this, we let the current meaning to a temporary control
+% sequence, the restore commands are appended to |\originalTeX| and
+% the counter is incremented.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\babel at save#1{%
+ \expandafter\let\csname babel@\number\babel at savecnt\endcsname#1\relax
+ \toks@\expandafter{\originalTeX\let#1=}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \def\\\originalTeX{\the\toks@\<babel@\number\babel at savecnt>\relax}}%
+ \advance\babel at savecnt\@ne}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babel at savevariable}
+%
+% The macro |\babel at savevariable|\meta{variable} saves the value of
+% the variable. \meta{variable} can be anything allowed after the
+% |\the| primitive.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\babel at savevariable#1{%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\originalTeX #1=}%
+ \bbl at exp{\def\\\originalTeX{\the\toks@\the#1\relax}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at frenchspacing}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at nonfrenchspacing}
+% Some languages need to have |\frenchspacing| in effect. Others
+% don't want that. The command |\bbl at frenchspacing| switches it on
+% when it isn't already in effect and |\bbl at nonfrenchspacing|
+% switches it off if necessary.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at frenchspacing{%
+ \ifnum\the\sfcode`\.=\@m
+ \let\bbl at nonfrenchspacing\relax
+ \else
+ \frenchspacing
+ \let\bbl at nonfrenchspacing\nonfrenchspacing
+ \fi}
+\let\bbl at nonfrenchspacing\nonfrenchspacing
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Short tags}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babeltags}
+% This macro is straightforward. After zapping spaces, we
+% loop over the list and define the macros |\text|\m{tag} and
+% |\|\m{tag}. Definitions are first expanded so that they don't
+% contain |\csname| but the actual macro.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/21}{Macro \cs{babeltags} added}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Short tags}
+\def\babeltags#1{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\zap at space#1 \@empty}%
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1=##2\@@{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempc{%
+ \noexpand\newcommand
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname ##1\endcsname{%
+ \noexpand\protect
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname otherlanguage*\endcsname{##2}}
+ \noexpand\newcommand
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname text##1\endcsname{%
+ \noexpand\foreignlanguage{##2}}}
+ \bbl at tempc}%
+ \bbl at for\bbl at tempa\bbl at tempa{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempb\bbl at tempa\@@}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Hyphens}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babelhyphenation}
+%
+% This macro saves hyphenation exceptions. Two macros are used to
+% store them: |\bbl at hyphenation@| for the global ones and
+% |\bbl at hyphenation<lang>| for language ones. See |\bbl at patterns|
+% above for further details. We make sure there is a space between
+% words when multiple commands are used.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/28}{Macro added}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Hyphens}
+\@onlypreamble\babelhyphenation
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \newcommand\babelhyphenation[2][\@empty]{%
+ \ifx\bbl at hyphenation@\relax
+ \let\bbl at hyphenation@\@empty
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at hyphlist\@empty\else
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ You must not intermingle \string\selectlanguage\space and\\%
+ \string\babelhyphenation\space or some exceptions will not\\%
+ be taken into account. Reported}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@empty#1%
+ \protected at edef\bbl at hyphenation@{\bbl at hyphenation@\space#2}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at vforeach{#1}{%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{##1}%
+ \bbl at fixname\bbl at tempa
+ \bbl at iflanguage\bbl at tempa{%
+ \bbl at csarg\protected at edef{hyphenation@\bbl at tempa}{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at hyphenation@\bbl at tempa}%
+ \@empty
+ {\csname bbl at hyphenation@\bbl at tempa\endcsname\space}%
+ #2}}}%
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at allowhyphens}
+%
+% \changes{babel-3.9a}{2012/07/28}{Replaced many \cs{allowhyphens} by
+% \cs{bbl at allowhyphen}. They were either no-op or executed always.}
+% \changes{babel-3.9i}{2014/01/29}{\cs{bbl at allowhyphens} must be
+% ignored at the beginning of a paragraph or table cell.}
+% \changes{babel-3.9t}{2017/04/26}{Fixed misplaced \cs{nobreak} -
+% sx366454 - soft hyphens could vanish.}
+%
+% This macro makes hyphenation possible. Basically its definition
+% is nothing more than |\nobreak| |\hskip| \texttt{0pt plus
+% 0pt}\footnote{\TeX\ begins and ends a word for hyphenation at a
+% glue node. The penalty prevents a linebreak at this glue node.}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at allowhyphens{\ifvmode\else\nobreak\hskip\z at skip\fi}
+\def\bbl at t@one{T1}
+\def\allowhyphens{\ifx\cf at encoding\bbl at t@one\else\bbl at allowhyphens\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \changes{babel-3.9a}{2012/08/27}{Added \cs{babelhyphen} and related
+% macros}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babelhyphen}
+%
+% Macros to insert common hyphens. Note the space before |@| in
+% |\babelhyphen|. Instead of protecting it with
+% |\DeclareRobustCommand|, which could insert a |\relax|, we use
+% the same procedure as shorthands, with |\active at prefix|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\babelnullhyphen{\char\hyphenchar\font}
+\def\babelhyphen{\active at prefix\babelhyphen\bbl at hyphen}
+\def\bbl at hyphen{%
+ \@ifstar{\bbl at hyphen@i @}{\bbl at hyphen@i\@empty}}
+\def\bbl at hyphen@i#1#2{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at hy@#1#2\@empty}%
+ {\csname bbl@#1usehyphen\endcsname{\discretionary{#2}{}{#2}}}%
+ {\csname bbl at hy@#1#2\@empty\endcsname}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following two commands are used to wrap the ``hyphen'' and
+% set the behavior of the rest of the word -- the version with a
+% single |@| is used when further hyphenation is allowed, while
+% that with |@@| if no more hyphen are allowed. In both cases, if
+% the hyphen is preceded by a positive space, breaking after the
+% hyphen is disallowed.
+%
+% There should not be a discretionaty after a hyphen at the
+% beginning of a word, so it is prevented if preceded by a
+% skip. Unfortunately, this does handle cases like ``(-suffix)''.
+% |\nobreak| is always preceded by |\leavevmode|, in case the
+% shorthand starts a paragraph.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at usehyphen#1{%
+ \leavevmode
+ \ifdim\lastskip>\z@\mbox{#1}\else\nobreak#1\fi
+ \nobreak\hskip\z at skip}
+\def\bbl@@usehyphen#1{%
+ \leavevmode\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\mbox{#1}\else#1\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following macro inserts the hyphen char.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at hyphenchar{%
+ \ifnum\hyphenchar\font=\m at ne
+ \babelnullhyphen
+ \else
+ \char\hyphenchar\font
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally, we define the hyphen ``types''. Their names will not
+% change, so you may use them in |ldf|'s. After a space, the
+% |\mbox| in |\bbl at hy@nobreak| is redundant.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at hy@soft{\bbl at usehyphen{\discretionary{\bbl at hyphenchar}{}{}}}
+\def\bbl at hy@@soft{\bbl@@usehyphen{\discretionary{\bbl at hyphenchar}{}{}}}
+\def\bbl at hy@hard{\bbl at usehyphen\bbl at hyphenchar}
+\def\bbl at hy@@hard{\bbl@@usehyphen\bbl at hyphenchar}
+\def\bbl at hy@nobreak{\bbl at usehyphen{\mbox{\bbl at hyphenchar}}}
+\def\bbl at hy@@nobreak{\mbox{\bbl at hyphenchar}}
+\def\bbl at hy@repeat{%
+ \bbl at usehyphen{%
+ \discretionary{\bbl at hyphenchar}{\bbl at hyphenchar}{\bbl at hyphenchar}}}
+\def\bbl at hy@@repeat{%
+ \bbl@@usehyphen{%
+ \discretionary{\bbl at hyphenchar}{\bbl at hyphenchar}{\bbl at hyphenchar}}}
+\def\bbl at hy@empty{\hskip\z at skip}
+\def\bbl at hy@@empty{\discretionary{}{}{}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at disc}
+% For some languages the macro |\bbl at disc| is used to ease the
+% insertion of discretionaries for letters that behave `abnormally'
+% at a breakpoint.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at disc#1#2{\nobreak\discretionary{#2-}{}{#1}\bbl at allowhyphens}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \subsection{Multiencoding strings}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/05}{Added tentative code for string
+% declarations}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/24}{Added hooks}
+%
+% The aim following commands is to provide a commom interface for
+% strings in several encodings. They also contains several hooks which
+% can be ued by \luatex{} and \xetex. The code is organized here with
+% pseudo-guards, so we start with the basic commands.
+%
+% \paragraph{Tools}
+%
+% But first, a couple of tools. The first one makes global a local
+% variable. This is not the best solution, but it works.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Multiencoding strings}
+\def\bbl at toglobal#1{\global\let#1#1}
+\def\bbl at recatcode#1{%
+ \@tempcnta="7F
+ \def\bbl at tempa{%
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta>"FF\else
+ \catcode\@tempcnta=#1\relax
+ \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at tempa}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The second one. We need to patch |\@uclclist|, but it is done once
+% and only if |\SetCase| is used or if strings are encoded. The code
+% is far from satisfactory for several reasons, including the fact
+% |\@uclclist| is not a list any more. Therefore a package option is
+% added to ignore it. Instead of gobbling the macro
+% getting the next two elements (usually |\reserved at a|), we pass it as
+% argument to |\bbl at uclc|. The parser is restarted inside
+% |\|\m{lang}|@bbl at uclc| because we do not know how many expansions
+% are necessary (depends on whether strings are encoded). The last
+% part is tricky -- when uppercasing, we have:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+% \let\bbl at tolower\@empty\bbl at toupper\@empty
+%\end{verbatim}
+% and starts over (and similarly when lowercasing).
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9l}{2014/07/29}{Now tries to catch the parsing
+% macro. Removed some redundant code. Option |nocase|.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@ifpackagewith{babel}{nocase}%
+ {\let\bbl at patchuclc\relax}%
+ {\def\bbl at patchuclc{%
+ \global\let\bbl at patchuclc\relax
+ \g at addto@macro\@uclclist{\reserved at b{\reserved at b\bbl at uclc}}%
+ \gdef\bbl at uclc##1{%
+ \let\bbl at encoded\bbl at encoded@uclc
+ \bbl at ifunset{\languagename @bbl at uclc}% and resumes it
+ {##1}%
+ {\let\bbl at tempa##1\relax % Used by LANG at bbl@uclc
+ \csname\languagename @bbl at uclc\endcsname}%
+ {\bbl at tolower\@empty}{\bbl at toupper\@empty}}%
+ \gdef\bbl at tolower{\csname\languagename @bbl at lc\endcsname}%
+ \gdef\bbl at toupper{\csname\languagename @bbl at uc\endcsname}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\DeclareOption{nocase}{}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following package options control the behavior of |\SetString|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\let\bbl at opt@strings\@nnil % accept strings=value
+\DeclareOption{strings}{\def\bbl at opt@strings{\BabelStringsDefault}}
+\DeclareOption{strings=encoded}{\let\bbl at opt@strings\relax}
+\def\BabelStringsDefault{generic}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \paragraph{Main command} This is the main command. With the
+% first use it is redefined to omit the basic setup in subsequent
+% blocks. We make sure strings contain actual letters in the range
+% 128-255, not active characters.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/07/29}{Added starred variant. A bit of
+% clean up. Removed \cs{UseString}, which didn't work.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/08/01}{Now several languages can be
+% processed with \cs{BabelLanguages}, if set in the ldf.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\StartBabelCommands
+\def\StartBabelCommands{%
+ \begingroup
+ \bbl at recatcode{11}%
+ <@Macros local to BabelCommands@>
+ \def\bbl at provstring##1##2{%
+ \providecommand##1{##2}%
+ \bbl at toglobal##1}%
+ \global\let\bbl at scafter\@empty
+ \let\StartBabelCommands\bbl at startcmds
+ \ifx\BabelLanguages\relax
+ \let\BabelLanguages\CurrentOption
+ \fi
+ \begingroup
+ \let\bbl at screset\@nnil % local flag - disable 1st stopcommands
+ \StartBabelCommands}
+\def\bbl at startcmds{%
+ \ifx\bbl at screset\@nnil\else
+ \bbl at usehooks{stopcommands}{}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup
+ \begingroup
+ \@ifstar
+ {\ifx\bbl at opt@strings\@nnil
+ \let\bbl at opt@strings\BabelStringsDefault
+ \fi
+ \bbl at startcmds@i}%
+ \bbl at startcmds@i}
+\def\bbl at startcmds@i#1#2{%
+ \edef\bbl at L{\zap at space#1 \@empty}%
+ \edef\bbl at G{\zap at space#2 \@empty}%
+ \bbl at startcmds@ii}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Parse the encoding info to get the label, input, and font parts.
+%
+% Select the behavior of |\SetString|. Thre are two main cases,
+% depending of if there is an optional argument: without it and
+% |strings=encoded|, strings are defined
+% always; otherwise, they are set only if they are still undefined
+% (ie, fallback values). With labelled blocks and
+% |strings=encoded|, define the strings, but with another value,
+% define strings only if the current label or font encoding is the
+% value of |strings|; otherwise (ie, no |strings| or a block whose
+% label is not in |strings=|) do nothing.
+%
+% We presume the current block is not loaded, and therefore set
+% (above) a couple of default values to gobble the arguments. Then,
+% these macros are redefined if necessary according to several
+% parameters.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/08/04}{Use \cs{ProvideTextCommand}, which
+% does with encoded strings what the manual says.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/08}{Tidied up code related to
+% \cs{bbl at scswitch}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\bbl at startcmds@ii[1][\@empty]{%
+ \let\SetString\@gobbletwo
+ \let\bbl at stringdef\@gobbletwo
+ \let\AfterBabelCommands\@gobble
+ \ifx\@empty#1%
+ \def\bbl at sc@label{generic}%
+ \def\bbl at encstring##1##2{%
+ \ProvideTextCommandDefault##1{##2}%
+ \bbl at toglobal##1%
+ \expandafter\bbl at toglobal\csname\string?\string##1\endcsname}%
+ \let\bbl at sctest\in at true
+ \else
+ \let\bbl at sc@charset\space % <- zapped below
+ \let\bbl at sc@fontenc\space % <- " "
+ \def\bbl at tempa##1=##2\@nil{%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{sc@\zap at space##1 \@empty}{##2 }}%
+ \bbl at vforeach{label=#1}{\bbl at tempa##1\@nil}%
+ \def\bbl at tempa##1 ##2{% space -> comma
+ ##1%
+ \ifx\@empty##2\else\ifx,##1,\else,\fi\bbl at afterfi\bbl at tempa##2\fi}%
+ \edef\bbl at sc@fontenc{\expandafter\bbl at tempa\bbl at sc@fontenc\@empty}%
+ \edef\bbl at sc@label{\expandafter\zap at space\bbl at sc@label\@empty}%
+ \edef\bbl at sc@charset{\expandafter\zap at space\bbl at sc@charset\@empty}%
+ \def\bbl at encstring##1##2{%
+ \bbl at foreach\bbl at sc@fontenc{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{T@####1}%
+ {}%
+ {\ProvideTextCommand##1{####1}{##2}%
+ \bbl at toglobal##1%
+ \expandafter
+ \bbl at toglobal\csname####1\string##1\endcsname}}}%
+ \def\bbl at sctest{%
+ \bbl at xin@{,\bbl at opt@strings,}{,\bbl at sc@label,\bbl at sc@fontenc,}}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at opt@strings\@nnil % ie, no strings key -> defaults
+ \else\ifx\bbl at opt@strings\relax % ie, strings=encoded
+ \let\AfterBabelCommands\bbl at aftercmds
+ \let\SetString\bbl at setstring
+ \let\bbl at stringdef\bbl at encstring
+ \else % ie, strings=value
+ \bbl at sctest
+ \ifin@
+ \let\AfterBabelCommands\bbl at aftercmds
+ \let\SetString\bbl at setstring
+ \let\bbl at stringdef\bbl at provstring
+ \fi\fi\fi
+ \bbl at scswitch
+ \ifx\bbl at G\@empty
+ \def\SetString##1##2{%
+ \bbl at error{Missing group for string \string##1}%
+ {You must assign strings to some category, typically\\%
+ captions or extras, but you set none}}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@empty#1%
+ \bbl at usehooks{defaultcommands}{}%
+ \else
+ \@expandtwoargs
+ \bbl at usehooks{encodedcommands}{{\bbl at sc@charset}{\bbl at sc@fontenc}}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% There are two versions of |\bbl at scswitch|. The first version is
+% used when |ldf|s are read, and it makes sure
+% |\|\m{group}\m{language} is reset, but only once (|\bbl at screset|
+% is used to keep track of this). The second version is used in the
+% preamble and packages loaded after \babel{} and does nothing. The
+% macro |\bbl at forlang| loops |\bbl at L| but its body is executed only
+% if the value is in |\BabelLanguages| (inside \babel) or
+% |\date|\m{language} is defined (after \babel{} has been loaded).
+% There are also two version of |\bbl at forlang|. The first one skips
+% the current iteration if the language is not in |\BabelLanguages|
+% (used in |ldf|s), and the second one skips undefined languages
+% (after \babel{} has been loaded) .
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at forlang#1#2{%
+ \bbl at for#1\bbl at L{%
+ \bbl at xin@{,#1,}{,\BabelLanguages,}%
+ \ifin@#2\relax\fi}}
+\def\bbl at scswitch{%
+ \bbl at forlang\bbl at tempa{%
+ \ifx\bbl at G\@empty\else
+ \ifx\SetString\@gobbletwo\else
+ \edef\bbl at GL{\bbl at G\bbl at tempa}%
+ \bbl at xin@{,\bbl at GL,}{,\bbl at screset,}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \global\expandafter\let\csname\bbl at GL\endcsname\@undefined
+ \xdef\bbl at screset{\bbl at screset,\bbl at GL}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \fi}}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \def\bbl at forlang#1#2{\bbl at for#1\bbl at L{\bbl at ifunset{date#1}{}{#2}}}%
+ \let\bbl at scswitch\relax}
+\@onlypreamble\EndBabelCommands
+\def\EndBabelCommands{%
+ \bbl at usehooks{stopcommands}{}%
+ \endgroup
+ \endgroup
+ \bbl at scafter}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we define commands to be used inside |\StartBabelCommands|.
+%
+% \paragraph{Strings} The following macro is the actual definition
+% of |\SetString| when it is ``active''
+%
+% First save the ``switcher''. Create it if undefined. Strings are
+% defined only if undefined (ie, like |\providescommmand|). With
+% the event |stringprocess| you can preprocess the string by
+% manipulating the value of |\BabelString|. If there are several
+% hooks assigned to this event, preprocessing is done in the same
+% order as defined. Finally, the string is set.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/07/29}{Added \cs{bbl at forlang} to ignore in
+% the preamble unknown languages, as described in the doc.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at setstring#1#2{%
+ \bbl at forlang\bbl at tempa{%
+ \edef\bbl at LC{\bbl at tempa\bbl at stripslash#1}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{\bbl at LC}% eg, \germanchaptername
+ {\global\expandafter % TODO - con \bbl at exp ?
+ \bbl at add\csname\bbl at G\bbl at tempa\expandafter\endcsname\expandafter
+ {\expandafter\bbl at scset\expandafter#1\csname\bbl at LC\endcsname}}%
+ {}%
+ \def\BabelString{#2}%
+ \bbl at usehooks{stringprocess}{}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at stringdef
+ \csname\bbl at LC\expandafter\endcsname\expandafter{\BabelString}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now, some addtional stuff to be used when encoded strings are
+% used. Captions then include |\bbl at encoded| for string to be
+% expanded in case transformations. It is |\relax| by default, but
+% in |\MakeUppercase| and |\MakeLowercase| its value is a modified
+% expandable |\@changed at cmd|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/03/13}{Added code to expand captions in
+% case transformations.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@strings\relax
+ \def\bbl at scset#1#2{\def#1{\bbl at encoded#2}}
+ \bbl at patchuclc
+ \let\bbl at encoded\relax
+ \def\bbl at encoded@uclc#1{%
+ \@inmathwarn#1%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname\cf at encoding\string#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname ?\string#1\endcsname\relax
+ \TextSymbolUnavailable#1%
+ \else
+ \csname ?\string#1\endcsname
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \csname\cf at encoding\string#1\endcsname
+ \fi}
+\else
+ \def\bbl at scset#1#2{\def#1{#2}}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Define |\SetStringLoop|, which is actually set inside
+% |\StartBabelCommands|. The current definition is
+% somewhat complicated because we need a count, but |\count@| is
+% not under our control (remember |\SetString| may call hooks).
+% Instead of defining a dedicated count, we just ``pre-expand''
+% its value.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/10/16}{Tidied up and bug fixed - first
+% element expanded prematurely.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+\def\SetStringLoop##1##2{%
+ \def\bbl at templ####1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname##1\endcsname}%
+ \count@\z@
+ \bbl at loop\bbl at tempa{##2}{% empty items and spaces are ok
+ \advance\count@\@ne
+ \toks@\expandafter{\bbl at tempa}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\SetString\bbl at templ{\romannumeral\count@}{\the\toks@}%
+ \count@=\the\count@\relax}}}%
+%<</Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \paragraph{Delaying code} Now the definition of
+% |\AfterBabelCommands| when it is activated.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at aftercmds#1{%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\bbl at scafter#1}%
+ \xdef\bbl at scafter{\the\toks@}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \paragraph{Case mapping}
+%
+% The command |\SetCase| provides a way to change the behavior of
+% |\MakeUppercase| and |\MakeLowercase|. |\bbl at tempa| is set by the
+% patched |\@uclclist| to the parsing command.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/08}{Use \cs{bbl at encstrings} - they
+% should be defined always, even if no `strings'}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+ \newcommand\SetCase[3][]{%
+ \bbl at patchuclc
+ \bbl at forlang\bbl at tempa{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at encstring
+ \csname\bbl at tempa @bbl at uclc\endcsname{\bbl at tempa##1}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at encstring
+ \csname\bbl at tempa @bbl at uc\endcsname{##2}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at encstring
+ \csname\bbl at tempa @bbl at lc\endcsname{##3}}}%
+%<</Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Macros to deal with case mapping for hyphenation. To decide if the
+% document is monolingual or multilingual, we make a rough guess --
+% just see if there is a comma in the languages list, built in the
+% first pass of the package options.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+ \newcommand\SetHyphenMap[1]{%
+ \bbl at forlang\bbl at tempa{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at stringdef
+ \csname\bbl at tempa @bbl at hyphenmap\endcsname{##1}}}
+%<</Macros local to BabelCommands>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% There are 3 helper macros which do most of the work for you.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\BabelLower[2]{% one to one.
+ \ifnum\lccode#1=#2\else
+ \babel at savevariable{\lccode#1}%
+ \lccode#1=#2\relax
+ \fi}
+\newcommand\BabelLowerMM[4]{% many-to-many
+ \@tempcnta=#1\relax
+ \@tempcntb=#4\relax
+ \def\bbl at tempa{%
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta>#2\else
+ \@expandtwoargs\BabelLower{\the\@tempcnta}{\the\@tempcntb}%
+ \advance\@tempcnta#3\relax
+ \advance\@tempcntb#3\relax
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at tempa}
+\newcommand\BabelLowerMO[4]{% many-to-one
+ \@tempcnta=#1\relax
+ \def\bbl at tempa{%
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta>#2\else
+ \@expandtwoargs\BabelLower{\the\@tempcnta}{#4}%
+ \advance\@tempcnta#3
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempa
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at tempa}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following package options control the behavior of
+% hyphenation mapping.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/28}{Renamed \cs{bbl at hymapopt} to
+% \cs{bbl at opt@hyphenmap} for consistency}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\DeclareOption{hyphenmap=off}{\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\z@}
+\DeclareOption{hyphenmap=first}{\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\@ne}
+\DeclareOption{hyphenmap=select}{\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\tw@}
+\DeclareOption{hyphenmap=other}{\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\thr@@}
+\DeclareOption{hyphenmap=other*}{\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap4\relax}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Initial setup to provide a default behavior if |hypenmap|
+% is not set.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \ifx\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\@undefined
+ \bbl at xin@{,}{\bbl at language@opts}%
+ \chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\ifin at 4\else\@ne\fi
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Macros common to a number of languages}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\set at low@box}
+% The following macro is used to lower quotes to the same level as
+% the comma. It prepares its argument in box register~0.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Macros related to glyphs}
+\def\set at low@box#1{\setbox\tw@\hbox{,}\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}%
+ \dimen\z@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen\z@ -\ht\tw@%
+ \setbox\z@\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@ \box\z@}\ht\z@\ht\tw@ \dp\z@\dp\tw@}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\save at sf@q}
+% The macro |\save at sf@q| is used to save and reset the current
+% space factor.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\save at sf@q#1{\leavevmode
+ \begingroup
+ \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}#1\@SF
+ \endgroup}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Making glyphs available}
+%
+% This section makes a number of glyphs available that either do not
+% exist in the \texttt{OT1} encoding and have to be `faked', or
+% that are not accessible through \file{T1enc.def}.
+%
+% \subsubsection{Quotation marks}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\quotedblbase}
+% In the \texttt{T1} encoding the opening double quote at the
+% baseline is available as a separate character, accessible via
+% |\quotedblbase|. In the \texttt{OT1} encoding it is not
+% available, therefore we make it available by lowering the normal
+% open quote character to the baseline.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\quotedblbase}{OT1}{%
+ \save at sf@q{\set at low@box{\textquotedblright\/}%
+ \box\z@\kern-.04em\bbl at allowhyphens}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used this glyph can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\quotedblbase}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\quotedblbase}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\quotesinglbase}
+% We also need the single quote character at the baseline.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\quotesinglbase}{OT1}{%
+ \save at sf@q{\set at low@box{\textquoteright\/}%
+ \box\z@\kern-.04em\bbl at allowhyphens}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used this glyph can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\quotesinglbase}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\quotesinglbase}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\guillemotleft}
+% \begin{macro}{\guillemotright}
+% The guillemet characters are not available in \texttt{OT1}
+% encoding. They are faked.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\guillemotleft}{OT1}{%
+ \ifmmode
+ \ll
+ \else
+ \save at sf@q{\nobreak
+ \raise.2ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\ll$}\bbl at allowhyphens}%
+ \fi}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\guillemotright}{OT1}{%
+ \ifmmode
+ \gg
+ \else
+ \save at sf@q{\nobreak
+ \raise.2ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\gg$}\bbl at allowhyphens}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used these glyphs can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\guillemotleft}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\guillemotleft}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\guillemotright}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\guillemotright}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\guilsinglleft}
+% \begin{macro}{\guilsinglright}
+% The single guillemets are not available in \texttt{OT1}
+% encoding. They are faked.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\guilsinglleft}{OT1}{%
+ \ifmmode
+ <%
+ \else
+ \save at sf@q{\nobreak
+ \raise.2ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle<$}\bbl at allowhyphens}%
+ \fi}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\guilsinglright}{OT1}{%
+ \ifmmode
+ >%
+ \else
+ \save at sf@q{\nobreak
+ \raise.2ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle>$}\bbl at allowhyphens}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used these glyphs can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\guilsinglleft}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\guilsinglleft}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\guilsinglright}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\guilsinglright}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{Letters}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ij}
+% \begin{macro}{\IJ}
+% The dutch language uses the letter `ij'. It is available in
+% \texttt{T1} encoded fonts, but not in the \texttt{OT1} encoded
+% fonts. Therefore we fake it for the \texttt{OT1} encoding.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/28}{Removed the first \cs{allowhyphens}.
+% Moved the second one just after the kern.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\ij}{OT1}{%
+ i\kern-0.02em\bbl at allowhyphens j}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\IJ}{OT1}{%
+ I\kern-0.02em\bbl at allowhyphens J}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\ij}{T1}{\char188}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\IJ}{T1}{\char156}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used these glyphs can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\ij}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\ij}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\IJ}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\IJ}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\dj}
+% \begin{macro}{\DJ}
+% The croatian language needs the letters |\dj| and |\DJ|; they are
+% available in the \texttt{T1} encoding, but not in the
+% \texttt{OT1} encoding by default.
+%
+% Some code to construct these glyphs for the \texttt{OT1} encoding
+% was made available to me by Stipcevic Mario,
+% (\texttt{stipcevic at olimp.irb.hr}).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\crrtic@{\hrule height0.1ex width0.3em}
+\def\crttic@{\hrule height0.1ex width0.33em}
+\def\ddj@{%
+ \setbox0\hbox{d}\dimen@=\ht0
+ \advance\dimen at 1ex
+ \dimen at .45\dimen@
+ \dimen at ii\expandafter\rem at pt\the\fontdimen\@ne\font\dimen@
+ \advance\dimen at ii.5ex
+ \leavevmode\rlap{\raise\dimen@\hbox{\kern\dimen at ii\vbox{\crrtic@}}}}
+\def\DDJ@{%
+ \setbox0\hbox{D}\dimen@=.55\ht0
+ \dimen at ii\expandafter\rem at pt\the\fontdimen\@ne\font\dimen@
+ \advance\dimen at ii.15ex % correction for the dash position
+ \advance\dimen at ii-.15\fontdimen7\font % correction for cmtt font
+ \dimen\thr@@\expandafter\rem at pt\the\fontdimen7\font\dimen@
+ \leavevmode\rlap{\raise\dimen@\hbox{\kern\dimen at ii\vbox{\crttic@}}}}
+%
+\DeclareTextCommand{\dj}{OT1}{\ddj@ d}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\DJ}{OT1}{\DDJ@ D}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure that when an encoding other than \texttt{OT1} or
+% \texttt{T1} is used these glyphs can still be typeset.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\dj}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\dj}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\DJ}{%
+ \UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\DJ}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\SS}
+% For the \texttt{T1} encoding |\SS| is defined and selects a
+% specific glyph from the font, but for other encodings it is not
+% available. Therefore we make it available here.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\SS}{OT1}{SS}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\SS}{\UseTextSymbol{OT1}{\SS}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{Shorthands for quotation marks}
+%
+% Shorthands are provided for a number of different quotation
+% marks, which make them usable both outside and inside mathmode.
+% They are defined with |\ProvideTextCommandDefault|, but this is
+% very likely not required because their definitions are based on
+% encoding dependent macros.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.16}{2018/01/02}{Adapted to TU and refactored -
+% redundant code.}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\glq}
+% \begin{macro}{\grq}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/05/02}{Made \cs{glq} fontencoding
+% dependent as well}
+%
+% The `german' single quotes.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\glq}{%
+ \textormath{\quotesinglbase}{\mbox{\quotesinglbase}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The definition of |\grq| depends on the fontencoding. With
+% \texttt{T1} encoding no extra kerning is needed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grq}{T1}{%
+ \textormath{\textquoteleft}{\mbox{\textquoteleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grq}{TU}{%
+ \textormath{\textquoteleft}{\mbox{\textquoteleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grq}{OT1}{%
+ \save at sf@q{\kern-.0125em
+ \textormath{\textquoteleft}{\mbox{\textquoteleft}}%
+ \kern.07em\relax}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\grq}{\UseTextSymbol{OT1}\grq}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\glqq}
+% \begin{macro}{\grqq}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/05/02}{Made \cs{grqq} fontencoding
+% dependent as well}
+%
+% The `german' double quotes.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\glqq}{%
+ \textormath{\quotedblbase}{\mbox{\quotedblbase}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The definition of |\grqq| depends on the fontencoding. With
+% \texttt{T1} encoding no extra kerning is needed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grqq}{T1}{%
+ \textormath{\textquotedblleft}{\mbox{\textquotedblleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grqq}{TU}{%
+ \textormath{\textquotedblleft}{\mbox{\textquotedblleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommand{\grqq}{OT1}{%
+ \save at sf@q{\kern-.07em
+ \textormath{\textquotedblleft}{\mbox{\textquotedblleft}}%
+ \kern.07em\relax}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\grqq}{\UseTextSymbol{OT1}\grqq}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\flq}
+% \begin{macro}{\frq}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/05/02}{Made \cs{flq} and \cs{frq}
+% fontencoding dependent}
+%
+% The `french' single guillemets.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\flq}{%
+ \textormath{\guilsinglleft}{\mbox{\guilsinglleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\frq}{%
+ \textormath{\guilsinglright}{\mbox{\guilsinglright}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\flqq}
+% \begin{macro}{\frqq}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/05/02}{Made \cs{flqq} and \cs{frqq}
+% fontencoding dependent}
+%
+% The `french' double guillemets.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\flqq}{%
+ \textormath{\guillemotleft}{\mbox{\guillemotleft}}}
+\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\frqq}{%
+ \textormath{\guillemotright}{\mbox{\guillemotright}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{Umlauts and tremas}
+%
+% The command |\"| needs to have a different effect for different
+% languages. For German for instance, the `umlaut' should be
+% positioned lower than the default position for placing it over
+% the letters a, o, u, A, O and U. When placed over an e, i, E or I
+% it can retain its normal position. For Dutch the same glyph is
+% always placed in the lower position.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\umlauthigh}
+%
+% \changes{v3.8a}{2004/02/19}{Use \cs{leavevmode}\cs{bgroup} to
+% prevent problems when this command occurs in vertical mode.}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\umlautlow}
+% To be able to provide both positions of |\"| we provide two
+% commands to switch the positioning, the default will be
+% |\umlauthigh| (the normal positioning).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\umlauthigh{%
+ \def\bbl at umlauta##1{\leavevmode\bgroup%
+ \expandafter\accent\csname\f at encoding dqpos\endcsname
+ ##1\bbl at allowhyphens\egroup}%
+ \let\bbl at umlaute\bbl at umlauta}
+\def\umlautlow{%
+ \def\bbl at umlauta{\protect\lower at umlaut}}
+\def\umlautelow{%
+ \def\bbl at umlaute{\protect\lower at umlaut}}
+\umlauthigh
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\lower at umlaut}
+% The command |\lower at umlaut| is used to position the |\"| closer
+% to the letter.
+%
+% We want the umlaut character lowered, nearer to the letter. To do
+% this we need an extra \meta{dimen} register.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\ifx\csname U at D\endcsname\relax
+ \csname newdimen\endcsname\U at D
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following code fools \TeX's \texttt{make\_accent} procedure
+% about the current x-height of the font to force another placement
+% of the umlaut character.
+% First we have to save the current x-height of the font, because
+% we'll change this font dimension and this is always done
+% globally.
+%
+% \changes{v3.8a}{2004/02/19}{Use \cs{leavevmode}\cs{bgroup} to
+% prevent problems when this command occurs in vertical mode.}
+%
+% Then we compute the new x-height in such a way that the umlaut
+% character is lowered to the base character. The value of
+% \texttt{.45ex} depends on the \MF\ parameters with which the
+% fonts were built. (Just try out, which value will look best.)
+% If the new x-height is too low, it is not changed.
+% Finally we call the |\accent| primitive, reset the old x-height
+% and insert the base character in the argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\lower at umlaut#1{%
+ \leavevmode\bgroup
+ \U at D 1ex%
+ {\setbox\z@\hbox{%
+ \expandafter\char\csname\f at encoding dqpos\endcsname}%
+ \dimen@ -.45ex\advance\dimen@\ht\z@
+ \ifdim 1ex<\dimen@ \fontdimen5\font\dimen@ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\accent\csname\f at encoding dqpos\endcsname
+ \fontdimen5\font\U at D #1%
+ \egroup}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% For all vowels we declare |\"| to be a composite command which
+% uses |\bbl at umlauta| or |\bbl at umlaute| to position the umlaut
+% character. We need to be sure that these definitions override the
+% ones that are provided when the package \pkg{fontenc} with
+% option \Lopt{OT1} is used. Therefore these declarations are
+% postponed until the beginning of the document. Note these
+% definitions only apply to some languages, but
+% babel sets them for \textit{all} languages -- you may want to
+% redefine |\bbl at umlauta| and/or |\bbl at umlaute| for a language
+% in the corresponding |ldf| (using the babel switching mechanism,
+% of course).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{a}{\bbl at umlauta{a}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{e}{\bbl at umlaute{e}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{i}{\bbl at umlaute{\i}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{\i}{\bbl at umlaute{\i}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{o}{\bbl at umlauta{o}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{u}{\bbl at umlauta{u}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{A}{\bbl at umlauta{A}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{E}{\bbl at umlaute{E}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{I}{\bbl at umlaute{I}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{O}{\bbl at umlauta{O}}%
+ \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{OT1}{U}{\bbl at umlauta{U}}%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally, the default is to use English as the main language.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012-05-17}{Languages are best assigned with
+% \cs{chardef}, not \cs{let}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\l at english\@undefined
+ \chardef\l at english\z@
+\fi
+\main at language{english}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Layout}
+%
+% \textbf{Work in progress}.
+%
+% Layout is mainly intended to set bidi documents, but there is at
+% least a tool useful in general.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Bidi layout}
+\providecommand\IfBabelLayout[3]{#3}%
+\newcommand\BabelPatchSection[1]{%
+ \@ifundefined{#1}{}{%
+ \bbl at exp{\let\<bbl at ss@#1>\<#1>}%
+ \@namedef{#1}{%
+ \@ifstar{\bbl at presec@s{#1}}%
+ {\@dblarg{\bbl at presec@x{#1}}}}}}
+\def\bbl at presec@x#1[#2]#3{%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \\\@nameuse{bbl at sspre@#1}%
+ \\\@nameuse{bbl at ss@#1}%
+ [\\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}{\unexpanded{#2}}]%
+ {\\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}{\unexpanded{#3}}}%
+ \\\select at language@x{\languagename}}}
+\def\bbl at presec@s#1#2{%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \\\@nameuse{bbl at sspre@#1}%
+ \\\@nameuse{bbl at ss@#1}*%
+ {\\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}{\unexpanded{#2}}}%
+ \\\select at language@x{\languagename}}}
+\IfBabelLayout{sectioning}%
+ {\BabelPatchSection{part}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{chapter}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{section}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{subsection}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{subsubsection}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{paragraph}%
+ \BabelPatchSection{subparagraph}%
+ \def\babel at toc#1{%
+ \select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}}}{}
+\IfBabelLayout{captions}%
+ {\BabelPatchSection{caption}}{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we load definition files for engines.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Input engine specific macros}
+\ifcase\bbl at engine
+ \input txtbabel.def
+\or
+ \input luababel.def
+\or
+ \input xebabel.def
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.18}{2018/02/14}{Moved \cs{babelprovide}, also for
+% plain}
+%
+% \subsection{Creating languages}
+%
+% |\babelprovide| is a general purpose tool for creating
+% languages. Currently it just creates the language infrastructure,
+% but in the future it will be able to read data from |ini| files, as
+% well as to create variants. Unlike the \textsf{nil} pseudo-language,
+% captions are defined, but with a warning to invite the user to
+% provide the real string.
+%
+% \changes{3.10}{2017/05/19}{Added \cs{babelprovide}}
+% \changes{3.13}{2017/08/30}{Added \cs{import}, which also reads
+% dates. Some refactoring in the ini reader.}
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{New keys script, language}
+% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{Make sure ensuring works even before
+% the language is selected}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Creating languages and reading ini files}
+\newcommand\babelprovide[2][]{%
+ \let\bbl at savelangname\languagename
+ \def\languagename{#2}%
+ \let\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@import\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@main\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@script\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@language\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@dir\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil
+ \bbl at forkv{#1}{\bbl at csarg\def{KVP@##1}{##2}}% TODO - error handling
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@captions\bbl at KVP@import
+ \fi
+ \bbl at ifunset{date#2}%
+ {\bbl at provide@new{#2}}%
+ {\bbl at ifblank{#1}%
+ {\bbl at error
+ {If you want to modify `#2' you must tell how in\\%
+ the optional argument. Currently there are three\\%
+ options: captions=lang-tag, hyphenrules=lang-list\\%
+ import=lang-tag}%
+ {Use this macro as documented}}%
+ {\bbl at provide@renew{#2}}}%
+ \bbl at exp{\\\babelensure[exclude=\\\today]{#2}}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at ensure@\languagename}%
+ {\bbl at exp{%
+ \\\DeclareRobustCommand\<bbl at ensure@\languagename>[1]{%
+ \\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}%
+ {####1}}}}%
+ {}%
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@script\@nil\else
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{sname@#2}{\bbl at KVP@script}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@language\@nil\else
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{lname@#2}{\bbl at KVP@language}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil\else
+ \bbl at ifsamestring{\bbl at KVP@mapfont}{direction}{}%
+ {\bbl at error{Option `\bbl at KVP@mapfont' unknown for\\%
+ mapfont. Use `direction'.%
+ {See the manual for details.}}}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at wdir@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@dirs{\languagename}}{}%
+ \ifx\bbl at mapselect\@undefined
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add\csname selectfont \endcsname{{\bbl at mapselect}}%
+ {\selectfont}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapselect{%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
+ \edef\bbl at prefontid{\fontid\font}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapdir##1{%
+ {\def\languagename{##1}\bbl at switchfont
+ \directlua{Babel.fontmap
+ [\the\csname bbl at wdir@##1\endcsname]%
+ [\bbl at prefontid]=\fontid\font}}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at exp{\\\bbl at add\\\bbl at mapselect{\\\bbl at mapdir{\languagename}}}%
+ \fi
+ \let\languagename\bbl at savelangname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Depending on whether or not the language exists, we define two macros.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at provide@new#1{%
+ \@namedef{date#1}{}% marks lang exists - required by \StartBabelCommands
+ \@namedef{extras#1}{}%
+ \@namedef{noextras#1}{}%
+ \StartBabelCommands*{#1}{captions}%
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil % and also if import, implicit
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1{% elt for \bbl at captionslist
+ \ifx##1\@empty\else
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\SetString\\##1{%
+ \\\bbl at nocaption{\bbl at stripslash##1}{\<#1\bbl at stripslash##1>}}}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempb
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at tempb\bbl at captionslist\@empty
+ \else
+ \bbl at read@ini{\bbl at KVP@captions}% Here all letters cat = 11
+ \bbl at after@ini
+ \bbl at savestrings
+ \fi
+ \StartBabelCommands*{#1}{date}%
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@import\@nil
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\SetString\\\today{\\\bbl at nocaption{today}{\<#1today>}}}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at savetoday
+ \bbl at savedate
+ \fi
+ \EndBabelCommands
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \def\<#1hyphenmins>{%
+ {\bbl at ifunset{bbl at lfthm@#1}{2}{\@nameuse{bbl at lfthm@#1}}}%
+ {\bbl at ifunset{bbl at rgthm@#1}{3}{\@nameuse{bbl at rgthm@#1}}}}}%
+ \bbl at provide@hyphens{#1}%
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@main\@nil\else
+ \expandafter\main at language\expandafter{#1}%
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at provide@renew#1{%
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil\else
+ \StartBabelCommands*{#1}{captions}%
+ \bbl at read@ini{\bbl at KVP@captions}% Here all letters cat = 11
+ \bbl at after@ini
+ \bbl at savestrings
+ \EndBabelCommands
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@import\@nil\else
+ \StartBabelCommands*{#1}{date}%
+ \bbl at savetoday
+ \bbl at savedate
+ \EndBabelCommands
+ \fi
+ \bbl at provide@hyphens{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The |hyphenrules| option is handled with an auxiliary macro.
+%
+% \changes{3.14}{2017/10/03}{Take into account ini settings for
+% hyphenrules if `import'.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at provide@hyphens#1{%
+ \let\bbl at tempa\relax
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules\@nil\else
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules{ }{,}%
+ \bbl at foreach\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules{%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax % if not yet found
+ \bbl at ifsamestring{##1}{+}%
+ {{\bbl at exp{\\\addlanguage\<l@##1>}}}%
+ {}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{l@##1}%
+ {}%
+ {\bbl at exp{\let\bbl at tempa\<l@##1>}}%
+ \fi}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax % if no opt or no language in opt found
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@import\@nil\else % if importing
+ \bbl at exp{% and hyphenrules is not empty
+ \\\bbl at ifblank{\@nameuse{bbl at hyphr@#1}}%
+ {}%
+ {\let\\\bbl at tempa\<l@\@nameuse{bbl at hyphr@\languagename}>}}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at tempa}% ie, relax or undefined
+ {\bbl at ifunset{l@#1}% no hyphenrules found - fallback
+ {\bbl at exp{\\\adddialect\<l@#1>\language}}%
+ {}}% so, l@<lang> is ok - nothing to do
+ {\bbl at exp{\\\adddialect\<l@#1>\bbl at tempa}}}% found in opt list or ini
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The reader of |ini| files. There are 3 possible cases: a section name
+% (in the form |[...]|), a comment (starting with |;|) and a
+% key/value pair. \textit{TODO - Work in progress.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at read@ini#1{%
+ \openin1=babel-#1.ini
+ \ifeof1
+ \bbl at error
+ {There is no ini file for the requested language\\%
+ (#1). Perhaps you misspelled it or your installation\\%
+ is not complete.}%
+ {Fix the name or reinstall babel.}%
+ \else
+ \let\bbl at section\@empty
+ \let\bbl at savestrings\@empty
+ \let\bbl at savetoday\@empty
+ \let\bbl at savedate\@empty
+ \let\bbl at inireader\bbl at iniskip
+ \bbl at info{Importing data from babel-#1.ini for \languagename}%
+ \loop
+ \if T\ifeof1F\fi T\relax % Trick, because inside \loop
+ \endlinechar\m at ne
+ \read1 to \bbl at line
+ \endlinechar`\^^M
+ \ifx\bbl at line\@empty\else
+ \expandafter\bbl at iniline\bbl at line\bbl at iniline
+ \fi
+ \repeat
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at iniline#1\bbl at iniline{%
+ \@ifnextchar[\bbl at inisec{\@ifnextchar;\bbl at iniskip\bbl at inireader}#1\@@}% ]
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The special cases for comment lines and sections are handled by the
+% two following commands. In sections, we provide the posibility to
+% take extra actions at the end or at the start (TODO - but note the last
+% section is not ended). By default, key=val pairs are ignored.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at iniskip#1\@@{}% if starts with ;
+\def\bbl at inisec[#1]#2\@@{% if starts with opening bracket
+ \@nameuse{bbl at secpost@\bbl at section}% ends previous section
+ \def\bbl at section{#1}%
+ \@nameuse{bbl at secpre@\bbl at section}% starts current section
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at secline@#1}%
+ {\let\bbl at inireader\bbl at iniskip}%
+ {\bbl at exp{\let\\\bbl at inireader\<bbl at secline@#1>}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Reads a key=val line and stores the trimmed val in
+% |\bbl@@kv@<section>.<key>|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at inikv#1=#2\@@{% key=value
+ \bbl at trim@def\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \bbl at trim\toks@{#2}%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{@kv@\bbl at section.\bbl at tempa}{\the\toks@}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The previous assignments are local, so we need to export them. If
+% the value is empty, we can provide a default value.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at exportkey#1#2#3{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl@@kv@#2}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\gdef{#1@\languagename}{#3}}%
+ {\expandafter\ifx\csname bbl@@kv@#2\endcsname\@empty
+ \bbl at csarg\gdef{#1@\languagename}{#3}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at exp{\global\let\<bbl@#1@\languagename>\<bbl@@kv@#2>}%
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Key-value pairs are treated differently depending on the section in
+% the |ini| file. The following macros are the readers for
+% |identification| and |typography|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at secline@identification\bbl at inikv
+\def\bbl at secpost@identification{%
+ \bbl at exportkey{lname}{identification.name.english}{}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{lbcp}{identification.tag.bcp47}{}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{lotf}{identification.tag.opentype}{dflt}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{sname}{identification.script.name}{}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{sbcp}{identification.script.tag.bcp47}{}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{sotf}{identification.script.tag.opentype}{DFLT}}
+\let\bbl at secline@typography\bbl at inikv
+\def\bbl at after@ini{%
+ \bbl at exportkey{lfthm}{typography.lefthyphenmin}{2}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{rgthm}{typography.righthyphenmin}{3}%
+ \bbl at exportkey{hyphr}{typography.hyphenrules}{}%
+ \bbl at xin@{0.9}{\@nameuse{bbl@@kv at identification.version}}%
+ \ifin@
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ The `\languagename' date format may not be suitable\\%
+ for proper typesetting, and therefore it very likely will\\%
+ change in a future release. Reported}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at toglobal\bbl at savetoday
+ \bbl at toglobal\bbl at savedate}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now |captions| and |captions.licr|, depending on the engine. And
+% also for dates. They rely on a few auxilary macros.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifcase\bbl at engine
+ \bbl at csarg\def{secline at captions.licr}#1=#2\@@{%
+ \bbl at ini@captions at aux{#1}{#2}}
+ \bbl at csarg\def{secline at date.gregorian}#1=#2\@@{% for defaults
+ \bbl at ini@dategreg#1...\relax{#2}}
+ \bbl at csarg\def{secline at date.gregorian.licr}#1=#2\@@{% override
+ \bbl at ini@dategreg#1...\relax{#2}}
+\else
+ \def\bbl at secline@captions#1=#2\@@{%
+ \bbl at ini@captions at aux{#1}{#2}}
+ \bbl at csarg\def{secline at date.gregorian}#1=#2\@@{%
+ \bbl at ini@dategreg#1...\relax{#2}}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The auxiliary macro for captions define |\<caption>name|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ini@captions at aux#1#2{%
+ \bbl at trim@def\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \bbl at ifblank{#2}%
+ {\bbl at exp{%
+ \toks@{\\\bbl at nocaption{\bbl at tempa}\<\languagename\bbl at tempa name>}}}%
+ {\bbl at trim\toks@{#2}}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\bbl at add\\\bbl at savestrings{%
+ \\\SetString\<\bbl at tempa name>{\the\toks@}}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% But dates are more complex. The full date format is stores in
+% |date.gregorian|, so we must read it in non-Unicode engines, too.
+%
+% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{Fix - dates were severely broken.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at csarg\def{secpre at date.gregorian.licr}{%
+ \ifcase\bbl at engine\let\bbl at savedate\@empty\fi}
+\def\bbl at ini@dategreg#1.#2.#3.#4\relax#5{% TODO - ignore with 'captions'
+ \bbl at trim@def\bbl at tempa{#1.#2}%
+ \bbl at ifsamestring{\bbl at tempa}{months.wide}%
+ {\bbl at trim@def\bbl at tempa{#3}%
+ \bbl at trim\toks@{#5}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\bbl at add\\\bbl at savedate{%
+ \\\SetString\<month\romannumeral\bbl at tempa name>{\the\toks@}}}}%
+ {\bbl at ifsamestring{\bbl at tempa}{date.long}%
+ {\bbl at trim@def\bbl at toreplace{#5}%
+ \bbl at TG@@date
+ \global\bbl at csarg\let{date@\languagename}\bbl at toreplace
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \gdef\<\languagename date>{\\\protect\<\languagename date >}%
+ \gdef\<\languagename date >####1####2####3{%
+ \\\bbl at usedategrouptrue
+ \<bbl at ensure@\languagename>{%
+ \<bbl at date@\languagename>{####1}{####2}{####3}}}%
+ \\\bbl at add\\\bbl at savetoday{%
+ \\\SetString\\\today{%
+ \<\languagename date>{\\\the\year}{\\\the\month}{\\\the\day}}}}}}%
+ {}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Dates will require some macros for the basic formatting. They may be
+% redefined by language, so ``semi-public'' names (camel case) are
+% used. Oddly enough, the CLDR places particles like “de”
+% inconsistenly in either in the date or in the month name.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\BabelDateSpace{\nobreakspace}
+\newcommand\BabelDateDot{.\@}
+\newcommand\BabelDated[1]{{\number#1}}
+\newcommand\BabelDatedd[1]{{\ifnum#1<10 0\fi\number#1}}
+\newcommand\BabelDateM[1]{{\number#1}}
+\newcommand\BabelDateMM[1]{{\ifnum#1<10 0\fi\number#1}}
+\newcommand\BabelDateMMMM[1]{{%
+ \csname month\romannumeral#1name\endcsname}}%
+\newcommand\BabelDatey[1]{{\number#1}}%
+\newcommand\BabelDateyy[1]{{%
+ \ifnum#1<10 0\number#1 %
+ \else\ifnum#1<100 \number#1 %
+ \else\ifnum#1<1000 \expandafter\@gobble\number#1 %
+ \else\ifnum#1<10000 \expandafter\@gobbletwo\number#1 %
+ \else
+ \bbl at error
+ {Currently two-digit years are restricted to the\\
+ range 0-9999.}%
+ {There is little you can do. Sorry.}%
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi}}
+\newcommand\BabelDateyyyy[1]{{\number#1}}
+\def\bbl at replace@finish at iii#1{%
+ \bbl at exp{\def\\#1####1####2####3{\the\toks@}}}
+\def\bbl at TG@@date{%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[ ]}{\BabelDateSpace{}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[.]}{\BabelDateDot{}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[d]}{\BabelDated{####3}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[dd]}{\BabelDatedd{####3}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[M]}{\BabelDateM{####2}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[MM]}{\BabelDateMM{####2}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[MMMM]}{\BabelDateMMMM{####2}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[y]}{\BabelDatey{####1}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[yy]}{\BabelDateyy{####1}}%
+ \bbl at replace\bbl at toreplace{[yyyy]}{\BabelDateyyyy{####1}}%
+% Note after \bbl at replace \toks@ contains the resulting string.
+% TODO - Using this implicit behavior doesn't seem a good idea.
+ \bbl at replace@finish at iii\bbl at toreplace}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Language and Script values to be used when defining a font or
+% setting the direction are set with the following macros.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at provide@lsys#1{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lname@#1}%
+ {\bbl at ini@ids{#1}}%
+ {}%
+ \bbl at csarg\let{lsys@#1}\@empty
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at sname@#1}{\bbl at csarg\gdef{sname@#1}{Default}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at sotf#1}{\bbl at csarg\gdef{sotf@#1}{DFLT}}{}%
+ \bbl at csarg\bbl at add@list{lsys@#1}{Script=\bbl at cs{sname@#1}}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lname@#1}{}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\bbl at add@list{lsys@#1}{Language=\bbl at cs{lname@#1}}}%
+ \bbl at csarg\bbl at toglobal{lsys@#1}}%
+ % \bbl at exp{% TODO - should be global
+ % \<keys_if_exist:nnF>{fontspec-opentype/Script}{\bbl at cs{sname@#1}}%
+ % {\\\newfontscript{\bbl at cs{sname@#1}}{\bbl at cs{sotf@#1}}}%
+ % \<keys_if_exist:nnF>{fontspec-opentype/Language}{\bbl at cs{lname@#1}}%
+ % {\\\newfontlanguage{\bbl at cs{lname@#1}}{\bbl at cs{lotf@#1}}}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following |ini| reader ignores everything but the
+% |identification| section. It is called when a font is defined (ie,
+% when the language is first selected) to know which script/language
+% must be enabled. This means we must make sure a few characters are
+% not active. The |ini| is not read directly, but with a proxy |tex|
+% file named as the language.
+%
+% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{Load ids inside a box, to prevent extra
+% spaces.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at ini@ids#1{%
+ \def\BabelBeforeIni##1##2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \bbl at add\bbl at secpost@identification{\closein1 }%
+ \catcode`\[=12 \catcode`\]=12 \catcode`\==12
+ \bbl at read@ini{##1}%
+ \endgroup}% boxed, to avoid extra spaces:
+ {\setbox\z@\hbox{\InputIfFileExists{babel-#1.tex}{}{}}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{The kernel of Babel (\texttt{babel.def}, only \LaTeX)}
+%
+% \subsection{The redefinition of the style commands}
+%
+% The rest of the code in this file can only be processed by
+% \LaTeX, so we check the current format. If it is plain \TeX,
+% processing should stop here. But, because of the need to limit
+% the scope of the definition of |\format|, a macro that is used
+% locally in the following |\if|~statement, this comparison is done
+% inside a group. To prevent \TeX\ from complaining about an
+% unclosed group, the processing of the command |\endinput| is
+% deferred until after the group is closed. This is accomplished by
+% the command |\aftergroup|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+{\def\format{lplain}
+\ifx\fmtname\format
+\else
+ \def\format{LaTeX2e}
+ \ifx\fmtname\format
+ \else
+ \aftergroup\endinput
+ \fi
+\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Cross referencing macros}
+%
+% The \LaTeX\ book states:
+% \begin{quote}
+% The \emph{key} argument is any sequence of letters, digits, and
+% punctuation symbols; upper- and lowercase letters are regarded as
+% different.
+% \end{quote}
+% When the above quote should still be true when a document is
+% typeset in a language that has active characters, special care
+% has to be taken of the category codes of these characters when
+% they appear in an argument of the cross referencing macros.
+%
+% When a cross referencing command processes its argument, all
+% tokens in this argument should be character tokens with category
+% `letter' or `other'.
+%
+% The only way to accomplish this in most cases is to use the trick
+% described in the \TeX book~\cite{DEK} (Appendix~D, page~382).
+% The primitive |\meaning| applied to a token expands to the
+% current meaning of this token. For example, `|\meaning\A|' with
+% |\A| defined as `|\def\A#1{\B}|' expands to the characters
+% `|macro:#1->\B|' with all category codes set to `other' or
+% `space'.
+% \begin{macro}{\newlabel}
+% The macro |\label| writes a line with a |\newlabel| command
+% into the |.aux| file to define labels.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%\bbl at redefine\newlabel#1#2{%
+% \@safe at activestrue\org at newlabel{#1}{#2}\@safe at activesfalse}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@newl at bel}
+% We need to change the definition of the \LaTeX-internal macro
+% |\@newl at bel|. This is needed because we need to make sure that
+% shorthand characters expand to their non-active version.
+%
+% The following package options control which macros are to be
+% redefined.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\DeclareOption{safe=none}{\let\bbl at opt@safe\@empty}
+\DeclareOption{safe=bib}{\def\bbl at opt@safe{B}}
+\DeclareOption{safe=ref}{\def\bbl at opt@safe{R}}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% First we open a new group to keep the changed setting of
+% |\protect| local and then we set the |@safe at actives| switch to
+% true to make sure that any shorthand that appears in any of the
+% arguments immediately expands to its non-active self.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Cross referencing macros}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@safe\@empty\else
+ \def\@newl at bel#1#2#3{%
+ {\@safe at activestrue
+ \bbl at ifunset{#1@#2}%
+ \relax
+ {\gdef\@multiplelabels{%
+ \@latex at warning@no at line{There were multiply-defined labels}}%
+ \@latex at warning@no at line{Label `#2' multiply defined}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1@#2}{#3}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@testdef}
+% An internal \LaTeX\ macro used to test if the labels that have
+% been written on the |.aux| file have changed. It is called by
+% the |\enddocument| macro. This macro needs to be completely
+% rewritten, using |\meaning|. The reason for this is that in some
+% cases the expansion of |\#1@#2| contains the same characters as
+% the |#3|; but the character codes differ. Therefore \LaTeX\ keeps
+% reporting that the labels may have changed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \CheckCommand*\@testdef[3]{%
+ \def\reserved at a{#3}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1@#2\endcsname\reserved at a
+ \else
+ \@tempswatrue
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now that we made sure that |\@testdef| still has the same
+% definition we can rewrite it. First we make the shorthands
+% `safe'.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\@testdef#1#2#3{%
+ \@safe at activestrue
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we use |\bbl at tempa| as an `alias' for the macro that
+% contains the label which is being checked.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\bbl at tempa\csname #1@#2\endcsname
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we define |\bbl at tempb| just as |\@newl at bel| does it.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\bbl at tempb{#3}%
+ \@safe at activesfalse
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When the label is defined we replace the definition of
+% |\bbl at tempa| by its meaning.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax
+ \else
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{\expandafter\strip at prefix\meaning\bbl at tempa}%
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We do the same for |\bbl at tempb|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \edef\bbl at tempb{\expandafter\strip at prefix\meaning\bbl at tempb}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If the label didn't change, |\bbl at tempa| and |\bbl at tempb| should
+% be identical macros.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\bbl at tempb
+ \else
+ \@tempswatrue
+ \fi}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ref}
+% \begin{macro}{\pageref}
+% The same holds for the macro |\ref| that references a label
+% and |\pageref| to reference a page. So we redefine |\ref| and
+% |\pageref|. While we change these macros, we make them robust as
+% well (if they weren't already) to prevent problems if they should
+% become expanded at the wrong moment.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at xin@{R}\bbl at opt@safe
+\ifin@
+ \bbl at redefinerobust\ref#1{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\org at ref{#1}\@safe at activesfalse}
+ \bbl at redefinerobust\pageref#1{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\org at pageref{#1}\@safe at activesfalse}
+\else
+ \let\org at ref\ref
+ \let\org at pageref\pageref
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@citex}
+% The macro used to cite from a bibliography, |\cite|, uses an
+% internal macro, |\@citex|.
+% It is this internal macro that picks up the argument(s),
+% so we redefine this internal macro and leave |\cite| alone. The
+% first argument is used for typesetting, so the shorthands need
+% only be deactivated in the second argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at xin@{B}\bbl at opt@safe
+\ifin@
+ \bbl at redefine\@citex[#1]#2{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\edef\@tempa{#2}\@safe at activesfalse
+ \org@@citex[#1]{\@tempa}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Unfortunately, the packages \pkg{natbib} and \pkg{cite} need a
+% different definition of |\@citex|...
+% To begin with, \pkg{natbib} has a definition for |\@citex| with
+% \emph{three} arguments... We only know that a package is loaded
+% when |\begin{document}| is executed, so we need to postpone the
+% different redefinition.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Notice that we use |\def| here instead of |\bbl at redefine| because
+% |\org@@citex| is already defined and we don't want to overwrite
+% that definition (it would result in parameter stack overflow
+% because of a circular definition).
+%
+% (Recent versions of natbib change dynamically |\@citex|, so PR4087
+% doesn't seem fixable in a simple way. Just load natbib before.)
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\@citex[#1][#2]#3{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\edef\@tempa{#3}\@safe at activesfalse
+ \org@@citex[#1][#2]{\@tempa}}%
+ }{}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The package \pkg{cite} has a definition of |\@citex| where the
+% shorthands need to be turned off in both arguments.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{cite}{%
+ \def\@citex[#1]#2{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\org@@citex[#1]{#2}\@safe at activesfalse}%
+ }{}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\nocite}
+% The macro |\nocite| which is used to instruct BiB\TeX\ to
+% extract uncited references from the database.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine\nocite#1{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\org at nocite{#1}\@safe at activesfalse}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bibcite}
+% The macro that is used in the |.aux| file to define citation
+% labels. When packages such as \pkg{natbib} or \pkg{cite} are not
+% loaded its second argument is used to typeset the citation
+% label. In that case, this second argument can contain active
+% characters but is used in an environment where
+% |\@safe at activestrue| is in effect. This switch needs to be reset
+% inside the |\hbox| which contains the citation label. In order to
+% determine during \file{.aux} file processing which definition of
+% |\bibcite| is needed we define |\bibcite| in such a way that it
+% redefines itself with the proper definition.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine\bibcite{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We call |\bbl at cite@choice| to select the proper definition for
+% |\bibcite|. This new definition is then activated.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at cite@choice
+ \bibcite}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at bibcite}
+% The macro |\bbl at bibcite| holds the definition of |\bibcite|
+% needed when neither \pkg{natbib} nor \pkg{cite} is loaded.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\bbl at bibcite#1#2{%
+ \org at bibcite{#1}{\@safe at activesfalse#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at cite@choice}
+% The macro |\bbl at cite@choice| determines which definition of
+% |\bibcite| is needed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\bbl at cite@choice{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% First we give |\bibcite| its default definition.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \global\let\bibcite\bbl at bibcite
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then, when \pkg{natbib} is loaded we restore the original
+% definition of |\bibcite|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{\global\let\bibcite\org at bibcite}{}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For \pkg{cite} we do the same.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \@ifpackageloaded{cite}{\global\let\bibcite\org at bibcite}{}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Make sure this only happens once.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \global\let\bbl at cite@choice\relax}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When a document is run for the first time, no \file{.aux} file is
+% available, and |\bibcite| will not yet be properly defined. In
+% this case, this has to happen before the document starts.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \AtBeginDocument{\bbl at cite@choice}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@bibitem}
+% One of the two internal \LaTeX\ macros called by |\bibitem|
+% that write the citation label on the |.aux| file.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine\@bibitem#1{%
+ \@safe at activestrue\org@@bibitem{#1}\@safe at activesfalse}
+\else
+ \let\org at nocite\nocite
+ \let\org@@citex\@citex
+ \let\org at bibcite\bibcite
+ \let\org@@bibitem\@bibitem
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Marks}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\markright}
+% Because the output routine is asynchronous, we must
+% pass the current language attribute to the head lines, together
+% with the text that is put into them. To achieve this we need to
+% adapt the definition of |\markright| and |\markboth| somewhat.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8c}{2004/05/26}{No need to add \emph{anything} to
+% an empty mark; prevented this by checking the contents of the
+% argument}
+% \changes{babel~3.8f}{2005/05/15}{Make the definition independent of
+% the original definition; expand \cs{languagename} before passing
+% it into the token registers}
+% \changes{babel~3.9t}{2017/04/23}{Refactored \cs{markright} and
+% \cs{markboth}}
+%
+% We check whether the argument is empty; if it is, we just make
+% sure the scratch token register is empty. Next, we store the
+% argument to |\markright| in the scratch token register. This way
+% these commands will not be expanded later, and we make sure that
+% the text is typeset using the correct language settings. While
+% doing so, we make sure that active characters that may end up in
+% the mark are not disabled by the output routine kicking in while
+% \cs{@safe at activestrue} is in effect.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Marks}
+\IfBabelLayout{sectioning}
+ {\ifx\bbl at opt@headfoot\@nnil
+ \g at addto@macro\@resetactivechars{%
+ \set at typeset@protect
+ \expandafter\select at language@x\expandafter{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \let\protect\noexpand}%
+ \fi}
+ {\bbl at redefine\markright#1{%
+ \bbl at ifblank{#1}%
+ {\org at markright{}}%
+ {\toks@{#1}%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\org at markright{\\\protect\\\foreignlanguage{\languagename}%
+ {\\\protect\\\bbl at restore@actives\the\toks@}}}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\markboth}
+% \begin{macro}{\@mkboth}
+% The definition of |\markboth| is equivalent to that of
+% |\markright|, except that we need two token registers. The
+% documentclasses \cls{report} and \cls{book} define and set the
+% headings for the page. While doing so they also store a copy of
+% |\markboth| in |\@mkboth|. Therefore we need to check whether
+% |\@mkboth| has already been set. If so we neeed to do that again
+% with the new definition of |\markboth|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8c}{2004/05/26}{No need to add \emph{anything} to
+% an empty mark, prevented this by checking the contents of the
+% arguments}
+% \changes{babel~3.8f}{2005/05/15}{Make the definition independent of
+% the original definition; expand \cs{languagename} before passing
+% it into the token registers}
+% \changes{babel~3.8j}{2008/03/21}{Added setting of \cs{@mkboth} (PR
+% 3826)}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifx\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\bbl at tempc{\let\@mkboth\markboth}
+ \else
+ \def\bbl at tempc{}
+ \fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we can start the new definition of |\markboth|
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine\markboth#1#2{%
+ \protected at edef\bbl at tempb##1{%
+ \protect\foreignlanguage{\languagename}{\protect\bbl at restore@actives##1}}%
+ \bbl at ifblank{#1}%
+ {\toks@{}}%
+ {\toks@\expandafter{\bbl at tempb{#1}}}%
+ \bbl at ifblank{#2}%
+ {\@temptokena{}}%
+ {\@temptokena\expandafter{\bbl at tempb{#2}}}%
+ \bbl at exp{\\\org at markboth{\the\toks@}{\the\@temptokena}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% and copy it to |\@mkboth| if necessary.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at tempc} % end \IfBabelLayout
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Preventing clashes with other packages}
+%
+% \subsubsection{\pkg{ifthen}}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ifthenelse}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/07}{Redefine only if `ref' is `safe'}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/03}{Moved to babel.def}
+%
+% Sometimes a document writer wants to create a special effect
+% depending on the page a certain fragment of text appears on. This
+% can be achieved by the following piece of code:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+% \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{some:label}}}
+% {code for odd pages}
+% {code for even pages}
+%\end{verbatim}
+% In order for this to work the argument of |\isodd| needs to be
+% fully expandable. With the above redefinition of |\pageref| it is
+% not in the case of this example. To overcome that, we add some
+% code to the definition of |\ifthenelse| to make things work.
+%
+% The first thing we need to do is check if the package
+% \pkg{ifthen} is loaded. This should be done at |\begin{document}|
+% time.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Preventing clashes with other packages}
+\bbl at xin@{R}\bbl at opt@safe
+\ifin@
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{ifthen}{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we can redefine |\ifthenelse|:
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/22}{\cs{ref} is also taken into account}
+% \changes{babel~3.9n}{2015/12/14}{Don't use generic temp
+% macros. babel/4441}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine@long\ifthenelse#1#2#3{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We want to revert the definition of |\pageref| and |\ref| to
+% their original definition for the first argument of |\ifthenelse|,
+% so we first need to store their current meanings.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\bbl at temp@pref\pageref
+ \let\pageref\org at pageref
+ \let\bbl at temp@ref\ref
+ \let\ref\org at ref
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we can set the |\@safe at actives| switch and call the original
+% |\ifthenelse|. In order to be able to use shorthands in the
+% second and third arguments of |\ifthenelse| the resetting of the
+% switch \emph{and} the definition of |\pageref| happens inside
+% those arguments. When the package wasn't loaded we do nothing.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \@safe at activestrue
+ \org at ifthenelse{#1}%
+ {\let\pageref\bbl at temp@pref
+ \let\ref\bbl at temp@ref
+ \@safe at activesfalse
+ #2}%
+ {\let\pageref\bbl at temp@pref
+ \let\ref\bbl at temp@ref
+ \@safe at activesfalse
+ #3}%
+ }%
+ }{}%
+ }
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{\pkg{varioref}}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@@vpageref}
+% \begin{macro}{\vrefpagenum}
+% \begin{macro}{\Ref}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8g}{2005/05/21}{We also need to adapt \cs{Ref}
+% which needs to be able to uppercase the first letter of the
+% expansion of \cs{ref}}
+%
+% When the package varioref is in use we need to modify its
+% internal command |\@@vpageref| in order to prevent problems when
+% an active character ends up in the argument of |\vref|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{varioref}{%
+ \bbl at redefine\@@vpageref#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@safe at activestrue
+ \org@@@vpageref{#1}[#2]{#3}%
+ \@safe at activesfalse}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The same needs to happen for |\vrefpagenum|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \bbl at redefine\vrefpagenum#1#2{%
+ \@safe at activestrue
+ \org at vrefpagenum{#1}{#2}%
+ \@safe at activesfalse}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The package \pkg{varioref} defines |\Ref| to be a robust command
+% wich uppercases the first character of the reference text. In
+% order to be able to do that it needs to access the exandable form
+% of |\ref|. So we employ a little trick here. We redefine the
+% (internal) command \verb*|\Ref | to call |\org at ref| instead of
+% |\ref|. The disadvantgage of this solution is that whenever the
+% derfinition of |\Ref| changes, this definition needs to be updated
+% as well.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \expandafter\def\csname Ref \endcsname#1{%
+ \protected at edef\@tempa{\org at ref{#1}}\expandafter\MakeUppercase\@tempa}
+ }{}%
+ }
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{\pkg{hhline}}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\hhline}
+% Delaying the activation of the shorthand characters has introduced
+% a problem with the \pkg{hhline} package. The reason is that it
+% uses the `:' character which is made active by the french support
+% in \babel. Therefore we need to \emph{reload} the package when
+% the `:' is an active character.
+%
+% So at |\begin{document}| we check whether \pkg{hhline} is loaded.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{hhline}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then we check whether the expansion of |\normal at char:| is not
+% equal to |\relax|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8b}{2004/04/19}{added \cs{string} to prevent
+% unwanted expansion of the colon}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ {\expandafter\ifx\csname normal at char\string:\endcsname\relax
+ \else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% In that case we simply reload the package. Note that this happens
+% \emph{after} the category code of the @-sign has been changed to
+% other, so we need to temporarily change it to letter again.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \makeatletter
+ \def\@currname{hhline}\input{hhline.sty}\makeatother
+ \fi}%
+ {}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{\pkg{hyperref}}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\pdfstringdefDisableCommands}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8j}{2008/03/16}{Inform \pkg{hyperref} to use
+% shorthands at system level (PR4006)}
+%
+% A number of interworking problems between \pkg{babel} and
+% \pkg{hyperref} are tackled by \pkg{hyperref} itself. The
+% following code was introduced to prevent some annoying warnings
+% but it broke bookmarks. This was quickly fixed in \pkg{hyperref},
+% which essentially made it no-op. However, it will not removed for
+% the moment because \pkg{hyperref} is expecting it.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \ifx\pdfstringdefDisableCommands\@undefined\else
+ \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\languageshorthands{system}}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsubsection{\pkg{fancyhdr}}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\FOREIGNLANGUAGE}
+% The package \pkg{fancyhdr} treats the running head and fout lines
+% somewhat differently as the standard classes. A symptom of this is
+% that the command |\foreignlanguage| which \babel\ adds to the
+% marks can end up inside the argument of |\MakeUppercase|. To
+% prevent unexpected results we need to define |\FOREIGNLANGUAGE|
+% here.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\FOREIGNLANGUAGE}[1]{%
+ \lowercase{\foreignlanguage{#1}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\substitutefontfamily}
+% The command |\substitutefontfamily| creates an
+% \file{.fd} file on the fly. The first argument is an encoding
+% mnemonic, the second and third arguments are font family names.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\substitutefontfamily#1#2#3{%
+ \lowercase{\immediate\openout15=#1#2.fd\relax}%
+ \immediate\write15{%
+ \string\ProvidesFile{#1#2.fd}%
+ [\the\year/\two at digits{\the\month}/\two at digits{\the\day}
+ \space generated font description file]^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontFamily{#1}{#2}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{m}{n}{<->ssub * #3/m/n}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{m}{it}{<->ssub * #3/m/it}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{m}{sl}{<->ssub * #3/m/sl}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{m}{sc}{<->ssub * #3/m/sc}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{b}{n}{<->ssub * #3/bx/n}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{b}{it}{<->ssub * #3/bx/it}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{b}{sl}{<->ssub * #3/bx/sl}{}^^J
+ \string\DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{b}{sc}{<->ssub * #3/bx/sc}{}^^J
+ }%
+ \closeout15
+ }
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This command should only be used in the preamble of a document.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\substitutefontfamily
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Encoding and fonts}
+%
+% Because documents may use non-ASCII font encodings, we make sure
+% that the logos of \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ always come out in the right
+% encoding. There is a list of non-ASCII encodings. Unfortunately,
+% \textsf{fontenc} deletes its package options, so we must guess
+% which encodings has been loaded by traversing |\@filelist| to
+% search for \m{enc}|enc.def|. If a non-ASCII has been loaded, we
+% define versions of |\TeX| and |\LaTeX| for them using
+% |\ensureascii|. The default ASCII encoding is set, too (in reverse
+% order): the ``main'' encoding (when the document begins), the last
+% loaded, or |OT1|.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ensureascii}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/02/14}{Macro added, to replace
+% \cs{textlatin} and friends}
+% \changes{babel~3.9j}{2014/03/17}{Moved misplaced code - it should be
+% executed only with LaTeX}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Encoding and fonts}
+\newcommand\BabelNonASCII{LGR,X2,OT2,OT3,OT6,LHE,LWN,LMA,LMC,LMS,LMU,}
+\let\org at TeX\TeX
+\let\org at LaTeX\LaTeX
+\let\ensureascii\@firstofone
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \in at false
+ \bbl at foreach\BabelNonASCII{% is there a non-ascii enc?
+ \ifin@\else
+ \lowercase{\bbl at xin@{,#1enc.def,}{,\@filelist,}}%
+ \fi}%
+ \ifin@ % if a non-ascii has been loaded
+ \def\ensureascii#1{{\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont#1}}%
+ \DeclareTextCommandDefault{\TeX}{\org at TeX}%
+ \DeclareTextCommandDefault{\LaTeX}{\org at LaTeX}%
+ \def\bbl at tempb#1\@@{\uppercase{\bbl at tempc#1}ENC.DEF\@empty\@@}%
+ \def\bbl at tempc#1ENC.DEF#2\@@{%
+ \ifx\@empty#2\else
+ \bbl at ifunset{T@#1}%
+ {}%
+ {\bbl at xin@{,#1,}{,\BabelNonASCII,}%
+ \ifin@
+ \DeclareTextCommand{\TeX}{#1}{\ensureascii{\org at TeX}}%
+ \DeclareTextCommand{\LaTeX}{#1}{\ensureascii{\org at LaTeX}}%
+ \else
+ \def\ensureascii##1{{\fontencoding{#1}\selectfont##1}}%
+ \fi}%
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at foreach\@filelist{\bbl at tempb#1\@@}% TODO - \@@ de mas??
+ \bbl at xin@{,\cf at encoding,}{,\BabelNonASCII,}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \edef\ensureascii#1{{%
+ \noexpand\fontencoding{\cf at encoding}\noexpand\selectfont#1}}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Now comes the old deprecated stuff (with a little change in 3.9l,
+% for \textsf{fontspec}). The first thing we need to do is to
+% determine, at |\begin{document}|, which latin fontencoding to use.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\latinencoding}
+% When text is being typeset in an encoding other than `latin'
+% (\texttt{OT1} or \texttt{T1}), it would be nice to still have
+% Roman numerals come out in the Latin encoding.
+% So we first assume that the current encoding at the end
+% of processing the package is the Latin encoding.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{\edef\latinencoding{\cf at encoding}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% But this might be overruled with a later loading of the package
+% \pkg{fontenc}. Therefore we check at the execution of
+% |\begin{document}| whether it was loaded with the \Lopt{T1}
+% option. The normal way to do this (using |\@ifpackageloaded|) is
+% disabled for this package. Now we have to revert to parsing the
+% internal macro |\@filelist| which contains all the filenames
+% loaded.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9l}{2014/08/02}{fontspec used to set
+% \cs{latinencoding} to EUx, but now it doesn't. So, it's done
+% here.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9o}{2016/01/27}{With fontspec, first check if
+% \cs{UTFencname} exists.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{fontspec}%
+ {\xdef\latinencoding{%
+ \ifx\UTFencname\@undefined
+ EU\ifcase\bbl at engine\or2\or1\fi
+ \else
+ \UTFencname
+ \fi}}%
+ {\gdef\latinencoding{OT1}%
+ \ifx\cf at encoding\bbl at t@one
+ \xdef\latinencoding{\bbl at t@one}%
+ \else
+ \@ifl at aded{def}{t1enc}{\xdef\latinencoding{\bbl at t@one}}{}%
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\latintext}
+% Then we can define the command |\latintext| which is a
+% declarative switch to a latin font-encoding. Usage of this macro
+% is deprecated.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\latintext}{%
+ \fontencoding{\latinencoding}\selectfont
+ \def\encodingdefault{\latinencoding}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\textlatin}
+% This command takes an argument which is then typeset using the
+% requested font encoding. In order to avoid many encoding switches
+% it operates in a local scope.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@undefined\DeclareTextFontCommand
+ \DeclareRobustCommand{\textlatin}[1]{\leavevmode{\latintext #1}}
+\else
+ \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textlatin}{\latintext}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Basic bidi support}
+%
+% \textbf{Work in progress.} This code is currently placed here for
+% practical reasons.
+%
+% It is loosely based on |rlbabel.def|, but most of it has been
+% developed from scratch. This \babel{} module (by Johannes Braams and
+% Boris Lavva) has served the purpose of typesetting R documents for
+% two decades, and despite its flaws I think it is still a good starting
+% point (some parts have been copied here almost verbatim), partly
+% thanks to its simplicity. I've also looked at \textsc{arabi} (by
+% Youssef Jabri), which is compatible with \babel{}.
+%
+% There are two ways of modifying macros to make them “bidi”, namely,
+% by patching the internal low level macros (which is what I have done
+% with lists, columns, counters, tocs, much like |rlbabel| did), and
+% by introducing a “middle layer” just below the user interface
+% (sectioning, footnotes).
+%
+% \begin{itemize}
+% \item pdftex provides a minimal support for bidi text, and it
+% must be done by hand. Vertical typesetting is not possible.
+% \item \xetex{} is somewhat better, thanks to its font engine
+% (even if not always reliable) and a few additional tools. However,
+% very little is done at the paragraph level. Another challenging
+% problem is text direction does not honour \TeX{} grouping.
+% \item \luatex{} can provide the most complete solution, as we can
+% manipulate almost freely the node list, the generated lines,
+% and so on, but bidi text does not work out of the box and some
+% development is necessary. It also provides tools to properly
+% set left-to-right and right-to-left page layouts. As Lua\TeX-ja
+% shows, vertical typesetting is posible, too. Its main drawback
+% is font handling is often considered to be less mature than
+% \xetex{}, mainly in Indic scripts (but there are steps to make
+% HarfBuzz, the \xetex{} font engine, available in \luatex{}; see
+% <https://github.com/tatzetwerk/luatex-harfbuzz>).
+% \end{itemize}
+%
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{Use an attribute instead of tex language
+% (reserved for hyphenation).}
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{Store direction in @wdir@<lang>.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Basic (internal) bidi support}
+\def\bbl at alscripts{,Arabic,Syriac,Thaana,}
+\def\bbl at rscripts{%
+ ,Imperial Aramaic,Avestan,Cypriot,Hatran,Hebrew,%
+ Old Hungarian,Old Hungarian,Lydian,Mandaean,Manichaean,%
+ Manichaean,Meroitic Cursive,Meroitic,Old North Arabian,%
+ Nabataean,N'Ko,Orkhon,Palmyrene,Inscriptional Pahlavi,%
+ Psalter Pahlavi,Phoenician,Inscriptional Parthian,Samaritan,%
+ Old South Arabian,}%
+\def\bbl at provide@dirs#1{%
+ \bbl at xin@{\csname bbl at sname@#1\endcsname}{\bbl at alscripts\bbl at rscripts}%
+ \ifin@
+ \global\bbl at csarg\chardef{wdir@#1}\@ne
+ \bbl at xin@{\csname bbl at sname@#1\endcsname}{\bbl at alscripts}%
+ \ifin@
+ \global\bbl at csarg\chardef{wdir@#1}\tw@ % useless in xetex
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \global\bbl at csarg\chardef{wdir@#1}\z@
+ \fi}
+\def\bbl at switchdir{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at wdir@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@dirs{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at exp{\\\bbl at setdirs\bbl at cs{wdir@\languagename}}}
+\def\bbl at setdirs#1{% TODO - math
+ \ifcase\bbl at select@type % TODO - strictly, not the right test
+ \bbl at bodydir{#1}%
+ \bbl at pardir{#1}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at textdir{#1}}
+\ifodd\bbl at engine % luatex=1
+ \AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
+ \DisableBabelHook{babel-bidi}
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir\z@
+ \def\bbl at getluadir#1{%
+ \directlua{
+ if tex.#1dir == 'TLT' then
+ tex.sprint('0')
+ elseif tex.#1dir == 'TRT' then
+ tex.sprint('1')
+ end}}
+ \def\bbl at setluadir#1#2#3{% 1=text/par.. 2=\textdir.. 3=0 lr/1 rl
+ \ifcase#3\relax
+ \ifcase\bbl at getluadir{#1}\relax\else
+ #2 TLT\relax
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \ifcase\bbl at getluadir{#1}\relax
+ #2 TRT\relax
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+ \def\bbl at textdir#1{%
+ \bbl at setluadir{text}\textdir{#1}% TODO - ?\linedir
+ \setattribute\bbl at attr@dir{\numexpr\bbl at thepardir*3+#1}}
+ \def\bbl at pardir#1{\bbl at setluadir{par}\pardir{#1}%
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir#1\relax}
+ \def\bbl at bodydir{\bbl at setluadir{body}\bodydir}
+ \def\bbl at pagedir{\bbl at setluadir{page}\pagedir}
+ \def\bbl at dirparastext{\pardir\the\textdir\relax}% %%%%
+\else % pdftex=0, xetex=2
+ \AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
+ \DisableBabelHook{babel-bidi}
+ \newcount\bbl at dirlevel
+ \chardef\bbl at thetextdir\z@
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir\z@
+ \def\bbl at textdir#1{%
+ \ifcase#1\relax
+ \chardef\bbl at thetextdir\z@
+ \bbl at textdir@i\beginL\endL
+ \else
+ \chardef\bbl at thetextdir\@ne
+ \bbl at textdir@i\beginR\endR
+ \fi}
+ \def\bbl at textdir@i#1#2{%
+ \ifhmode
+ \ifnum\currentgrouplevel>\z@
+ \ifnum\currentgrouplevel=\bbl at dirlevel
+ \bbl at error{Multiple bidi settings inside a group}%
+ {I'll insert a new group, but expect wrong results.}%
+ \bgroup\aftergroup#2\aftergroup\egroup
+ \else
+ \ifcase\currentgrouptype\or % 0 bottom
+ \aftergroup#2% 1 simple {}
+ \or
+ \bgroup\aftergroup#2\aftergroup\egroup % 2 hbox
+ \or
+ \bgroup\aftergroup#2\aftergroup\egroup % 3 adj hbox
+ \or\or\or % vbox vtop align
+ \or
+ \bgroup\aftergroup#2\aftergroup\egroup % 7 noalign
+ \or\or\or\or\or\or % output math disc insert vcent mathchoice
+ \or
+ \aftergroup#2% 14 \begingroup
+ \else
+ \bgroup\aftergroup#2\aftergroup\egroup % 15 adj
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \bbl at dirlevel\currentgrouplevel
+ \fi
+ #1%
+ \fi}
+ \def\bbl at pardir#1{\chardef\bbl at thepardir#1\relax}
+ \let\bbl at bodydir\@gobble
+ \let\bbl at pagedir\@gobble
+ \def\bbl at dirparastext{\chardef\bbl at thepardir\bbl at thetextdir}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following command is executed only if there is a right-to-left
+% script (once). It activates the |\everypar| hack for \xetex, to
+% properly handle the par direction. Note text and par dirs are
+% decoupled to some extent (although not completely).
+%
+% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{Fix - the direction prevented the removal
+% of the indent to be re-placed}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\bbl at xebidipar{%
+ \let\bbl at xebidipar\relax
+ \TeXXeTstate\@ne
+ \def\bbl at xeeverypar{%
+ \ifcase\bbl at thepardir
+ \ifcase\bbl at thetextdir\else\beginR\fi
+ \else
+ {\setbox\z@\lastbox\beginR\box\z@}%
+ \fi}%
+ \let\bbl at severypar\everypar
+ \newtoks\everypar
+ \everypar=\bbl at severypar
+ \bbl at severypar{\bbl at xeeverypar\the\everypar}}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% A tool for weak L (mainly digits).
+%
+% \changes{3.16}{2018/01/02}{New macro \cs{babelsublr}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%\ifodd\bbl at engine %%%%%% TODO
+% \DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{%
+% \leavevmode
+% {\setattribute\bbl at attr@dir\@M{\bbl at setluadir{text}\textdir\z@#1}}}
+% \DeclareRobustCommand\babelsubrl[1]{%
+% \leavevmode
+% {\setattribute\bbl at attr@dir\@M{\bbl at setluadir{text}\textdir\@ne#1}}}
+%\else
+ \DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{\leavevmode{\bbl at textdir\z@#1}}
+%\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Local Language Configuration}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\loadlocalcfg}
+% At some sites it may be necessary to add site-specific actions to
+% a language definition file. This can be done by creating a file
+% with the same name as the language definition file, but with the
+% extension \file{.cfg}. For instance the file \file{norsk.cfg}
+% will be loaded when the language definition file \file{norsk.ldf}
+% is loaded.
+%
+% For plain-based formats we don't want to override the definition
+% of |\loadlocalcfg| from \file{plain.def}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Local Language Configuration}
+\ifx\loadlocalcfg\@undefined
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{noconfigs}%
+ {\let\loadlocalcfg\@gobble}%
+ {\def\loadlocalcfg#1{%
+ \InputIfFileExists{#1.cfg}%
+ {\typeout{*************************************^^J%
+ * Local config file #1.cfg used^^J%
+ *}}%
+ \@empty}}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Just to be compatible with \LaTeX$\:$2.09 we add a few more lines
+% of code:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@unexpandable at protect\@undefined
+ \def\@unexpandable at protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}
+ \long\def\protected at write#1#2#3{%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\thepage\relax
+ #2%
+ \let\protect\@unexpandable at protect
+ \edef\reserved at a{\write#1{#3}}%
+ \reserved at a
+ \endgroup
+ \if at nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi}
+\fi
+%</core>
+%<*kernel>
+% \end{macrocode}%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \section{Multiple languages (\texttt{switch.def)}}
+%
+% Plain \TeX\ version~3.0 provides the primitive |\language| that
+% is used to store the current language. When used with a pre-3.0
+% version this function has to be implemented by allocating a
+% counter.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+<@Make sure ProvidesFile is defined@>
+\ProvidesFile{switch.def}[<@date@> <@version@> Babel switching mechanism]
+<@Load macros for plain if not LaTeX@>
+<@Define core switching macros@>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\adddialect}
+% The macro |\adddialect| can be used to add the name of a dialect
+% or variant language, for which an already defined hyphenation
+% table can be used.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at version{<@version@>}
+\def\bbl at date{<@date@>}
+\def\adddialect#1#2{%
+ \global\chardef#1#2\relax
+ \bbl at usehooks{adddialect}{{#1}{#2}}%
+ \wlog{\string#1 = a dialect from \string\language#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/07}{Added macro}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/23}{New macro to normalize
+% a macro (eg, \cs{languagename}) to lowercase if necessary}
+%
+% |\bbl at iflanguage| executes code only if the language |l@|
+% exists. Otherwise raises and error.
+%
+% The argument of |\bbl at fixname| has to be a macro name, as it may get
+% ``fixed'' if casing (lc/uc) is wrong. It's intented to fix a
+% long-standing bug when |\foreignlanguage| and the like appear in
+% a |\MakeXXXcase|. However, a lowercase form is not imposed to
+% improve backward compatibility (perhaps you defined a language
+% named |MYLANG|, but unfortunately mixed case names cannot be
+% trapped). Note |l@| is encapsulated, so that its case does not
+% change.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at fixname#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\bbl at tempe{l@}%
+ \edef\bbl at tempd{\noexpand\@ifundefined{\noexpand\bbl at tempe#1}}%
+ \bbl at tempd
+ {\lowercase\expandafter{\bbl at tempd}%
+ {\uppercase\expandafter{\bbl at tempd}%
+ \@empty
+ {\edef\bbl at tempd{\def\noexpand#1{#1}}%
+ \uppercase\expandafter{\bbl at tempd}}}%
+ {\edef\bbl at tempd{\def\noexpand#1{#1}}%
+ \lowercase\expandafter{\bbl at tempd}}}%
+ \@empty
+ \edef\bbl at tempd{\endgroup\def\noexpand#1{#1}}%
+ \bbl at tempd}
+\def\bbl at iflanguage#1{%
+ \@ifundefined{l@#1}{\@nolanerr{#1}\@gobble}\@firstofone}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\iflanguage}
+% Users might want to test (in a private package for instance)
+% which language is currently active. For this we provide a test
+% macro, |\iflanguage|, that has three arguments. It checks
+% whether the first argument is a known language. If so, it
+% compares the first argument with the value of |\language|. Then,
+% depending on the result of the comparison, it executes either the
+% second or the third argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\iflanguage#1{%
+ \bbl at iflanguage{#1}{%
+ \ifnum\csname l@#1\endcsname=\language
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Selecting the language}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\selectlanguage}
+% The macro |\selectlanguage| checks whether the language is
+% already defined before it performs its actual task, which is to
+% update |\language| and activate language-specific definitions.
+%
+% To allow the call of |\selectlanguage| either with a control
+% sequence name or with a simple string as argument, we have to use
+% a trick to delete the optional escape character.
+%
+% To convert a control sequence to a string, we use the |\string|
+% primitive. Next we have to look at the first character of this
+% string and compare it with the escape character. Because this
+% escape character can be changed by setting the internal integer
+% |\escapechar| to a character number, we have to compare this
+% number with the character of the string. To do this we have to
+% use \TeX's backquote notation to specify the character as a
+% number.
+%
+% If the first character of the |\string|'ed argument is the
+% current escape character, the comparison has stripped this
+% character and the rest in the `then' part consists of the rest of
+% the control sequence name. Otherwise we know that either the
+% argument is not a control sequence or |\escapechar| is set to a
+% value outside of the character range~$0$--$255$.
+%
+% If the user gives an empty argument, we provide a default
+% argument for |\string|. This argument should expand to nothing.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/11/16}{\cs{bbl at select@type} keep tracks of
+% the selection method: 0 is select, 1 is foreign}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at select@type\z@
+\edef\selectlanguage{%
+ \noexpand\protect
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname selectlanguage \endcsname}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Because the command |\selectlanguage| could be used in a moving
+% argument it expands to \verb*=\protect\selectlanguage =.
+% Therefore, we have to make sure that a macro |\protect| exists.
+% If it doesn't it is |\let| to |\relax|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@undefined\protect\let\protect\relax\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% As \LaTeX$\:$2.09 writes to files \textit{expanded} whereas
+% \LaTeXe\ takes care \textit{not} to expand the arguments of
+% |\write| statements we need to be a bit clever about the way we
+% add information to \file{.aux} files. Therefore we introduce the
+% macro |\xstring| which should expand to the right amount of
+% |\string|'s.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\documentclass\@undefined
+ \def\xstring{\string\string\string}
+\else
+ \let\xstring\string
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Since version 3.5 \babel\ writes entries to the auxiliary files in
+% order to typeset table of contents etc. in the correct language
+% environment.
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at pop@language}
+% \emph{But} when the language change happens \emph{inside} a group
+% the end of the group doesn't write anything to the auxiliary
+% files. Therefore we need \TeX's |aftergroup| mechanism to help
+% us. The command |\aftergroup| stores the token immediately
+% following it to be executed when the current group is closed. So
+% we define a temporary control sequence |\bbl at pop@language| to be
+% executed at the end of the group. It calls |\bbl at set@language|
+% with the name of the current language as its argument.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at language@stack}
+% The previous solution works for one level of nesting groups, but
+% as soon as more levels are used it is no longer adequate. For
+% that case we need to keep track of the nested languages using a
+% stack mechanism. This stack is called |\bbl at language@stack| and
+% initially empty.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at language@stack{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When using a stack we need a mechanism to push an element on the
+% stack and to retrieve the information afterwards.
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at push@language}
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at pop@language}
+% The stack is simply a list of languagenames, separated with a `+'
+% sign; the push function can be simple:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at push@language{%
+ \xdef\bbl at language@stack{\languagename+\bbl at language@stack}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Retrieving information from the stack is a little bit less simple,
+% as we need to remove the element from the stack while storing it
+% in the macro |\languagename|. For this we first define a helper function.
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at pop@lang}
+% This macro stores its first element (which is delimited by the
+% `+'-sign) in |\languagename| and stores the rest of the string
+% (delimited by `-') in its third argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at pop@lang#1+#2-#3{%
+ \edef\languagename{#1}\xdef#3{#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% The reason for the somewhat weird arrangement of arguments to the
+% helper function is the fact it is called in the following way.
+% This means that before |\bbl at pop@lang| is executed \TeX\ first
+% \emph{expands} the stack, stored in |\bbl at language@stack|. The
+% result of that is that the argument string of |\bbl at pop@lang|
+% contains one or more language names, each followed by a `+'-sign
+% (zero language names won't occur as this macro will only be
+% called after something has been pushed on the stack) followed by
+% the `-'-sign and finally the reference to the stack.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at ifrestoring\@secondoftwo
+\def\bbl at pop@language{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at pop@lang\bbl at language@stack-\bbl at language@stack
+ \let\bbl at ifrestoring\@firstoftwo
+ \expandafter\bbl at set@language\expandafter{\languagename}%
+ \let\bbl at ifrestoring\@secondoftwo}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Once the name of the previous language is retrieved from the stack,
+% it is fed to |\bbl at set@language| to do the actual work of
+% switching everything that needs switching.
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\def\csname selectlanguage \endcsname#1{%
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel=\@cclv\let\bbl at hymapsel\tw@\fi
+ \bbl at push@language
+ \aftergroup\bbl at pop@language
+ \bbl at set@language{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at set@language}
+%
+% The macro |\bbl at set@language| takes care of switching the
+% language environment \emph{and} of writing entries on the
+% auxiliary files. For historial reasons, language names can be
+% either |language| of |\language|. To catch either form a trick is
+% used, but unfortunately as a side effect the catcodes of letters
+% in |\languagename| are not well defined. The list of auxiliary
+% files can be extended by redefining |\BabelContentsFiles|, but
+% make sure they are loaded inside a group (as |aux|, |toc|,
+% |lof|, and |lot| do) or the last language of the document will
+% remain active afterwards.
+%
+% We also write a command to change the current language in the
+% auxiliary files.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/09}{Added hook}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/11/07}{Use a loop for contents files, with
+% the help of \cs{BabelContentsFiles}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/03/08}{Don't write to aux if language is
+% unknown}
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/20}{Error with a more helpful text }
+% \changes{babel~3.16}{2018/01/02}{New mechanism to pass the language
+% to aux, toc, etc.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\BabelContentsFiles{toc,lof,lot}
+\def\bbl at set@language#1{%
+ \edef\languagename{%
+ \ifnum\escapechar=\expandafter`\string#1\@empty
+ \else\string#1\@empty\fi}%
+ \select at language{\languagename}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname date\languagename\endcsname\relax\else
+ \if at filesw
+ \protected at write\@auxout{}{\string\babel at aux{\languagename}{}}%
+ \bbl at usehooks{write}{}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+\def\select at language#1{%
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel=\@cclv\chardef\bbl at hymapsel4\relax\fi
+ \edef\languagename{#1}%
+ \bbl at fixname\languagename
+ \bbl at iflanguage\languagename{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname date\languagename\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at error
+ {Unknown language `#1'. Either you have\\%
+ misspelled its name, it has not been installed,\\%
+ or you requested it in a previous run. Fix its name,\\%
+ install it or just rerun the file, respectively. In\\%
+ some cases, you may need to remove the aux file}%
+ {You may proceed, but expect wrong results}%
+ \else
+ \let\bbl at select@type\z@
+ \expandafter\bbl at switch\expandafter{\languagename}%
+ \fi}}
+\def\babel at aux#1#2{%
+ \select at language{#1}%
+ \bbl at foreach\BabelContentsFiles{%
+ \@writefile{##1}{\babel at toc{#1}{#2}}}} %% TODO - ok in plain?
+\def\babel at toc#1#2{%
+ \select at language{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% A bit of optimization. Select in heads/foots the language only if
+% necessary. The real thing is in \texttt{babel.def}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\select at language@x\select at language
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% First, check if the user asks for a known language. If so,
+% update the value of |\language| and call |\originalTeX|
+% to bring \TeX\ in a certain pre-defined state.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8l}{2008/07/06}{Use \cs{bbl at patterns}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/27}{Moved \cs{bbl at patterns} to the
+% correct place, after setting the extras for the current
+% language}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/01}{Created \cs{bbl at switch} with code
+% shared by \cs{select at language} and \cs{foreing at language}}
+%
+% The name of the language is stored in the control sequence
+% |\languagename|.
+%
+% Then we have to \emph{re}define |\originalTeX| to compensate for
+% the things that have been activated. To save memory space for
+% the macro definition of |\originalTeX|, we construct the control
+% sequence name for the |\noextras|\langvar\ command at definition
+% time by expanding the |\csname| primitive.
+%
+% Now activate the language-specific definitions. This is done by
+% constructing the names of three macros by concatenating three
+% words with the argument of |\selectlanguage|, and calling these
+% macros. \nb{What if \cs{hyphenation} was used in |extras|? Patch
+% temporarily |\set at hyphenmins| and hyphenation. It can be done in
+% hooks if necessary.}
+%
+% The switching of the values of |\lefthyphenmin| and
+% |\righthyphenmin| is somewhat different. First we save their
+% current values, then we check if |\|\langvar|hyphenmins| is
+% defined. If it is not, we set default values (2 and 3), otherwise
+% the values in |\|\langvar|hyphenmins| will be used.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/01}{Adddd \cs{bbl at iflanguagename} and
+% \cs{select at language@x}, which is no-op if the language is the same}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/23}{\cs{select at language} sets
+% \textsc{languagename} so that it has the correct value in the aux
+% file (eg, shorthand expansion was wrong)}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/14}{Make sure the save counter is reset
+% even if \cs{originalTeX} is used in other contexts}
+% \changes{babel~3.9c}{2013/04/08}{Removed an extra empty line}
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/29}{Use \cs{def} instead of
+% \cs{renewcommand} for \cs{BabelLower}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9i}{2014/03/04}{Added `afterreset' hook}
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{Remove spaces inside captions and date.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifbbl at usedategroup
+\def\bbl at switch#1{%
+ \originalTeX
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\originalTeX\expandafter{%
+ \csname noextras#1\endcsname
+ \let\originalTeX\@empty
+ \babel at beginsave}%
+ \bbl at usehooks{afterreset}{}%
+ \languageshorthands{none}%
+ \ifcase\bbl at select@type
+ \ifhmode
+ \hskip\z at skip % trick to ignore spaces
+ \csname captions#1\endcsname\relax
+ \csname date#1\endcsname\relax
+ \loop\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\repeat\unskip
+ \else
+ \csname captions#1\endcsname\relax
+ \csname date#1\endcsname\relax
+ \fi
+ \else\ifbbl at usedategroup
+ \bbl at usedategroupfalse
+ \ifhmode
+ \hskip\z at skip % trick to ignore spaces
+ \csname date#1\endcsname\relax
+ \loop\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\repeat\unskip
+ \else
+ \csname date#1\endcsname\relax
+ \fi
+ \fi\fi
+ \bbl at usehooks{beforeextras}{}%
+ \csname extras#1\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at usehooks{afterextras}{}%
+ \ifcase\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\or
+ \def\BabelLower##1##2{\lccode##1=##2\relax}%
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel>4\else
+ \csname\languagename @bbl at hyphenmap\endcsname
+ \fi
+ \chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\z@
+ \else
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel>\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\else
+ \csname\languagename @bbl at hyphenmap\endcsname
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \global\let\bbl at hymapsel\@cclv
+ \bbl at patterns{#1}%
+ \babel at savevariable\lefthyphenmin
+ \babel at savevariable\righthyphenmin
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \set at hyphenmins\tw@\thr@@\relax
+ \else
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\set at hyphenmins
+ \csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{environment}{otherlanguage}
+% The \Lenv{otherlanguage} environment can be used as an
+% alternative to using the |\selectlanguage| declarative
+% command. When you are typesetting a document which mixes
+% left-to-right and right-to-left typesetting you have to use this
+% environment in order to let things work as you expect them to.
+%
+% The |\ignorespaces| command is necessary to hide the environment
+% when it is entered in horizontal mode.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/31}{Removed \cs{originalTeX}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\long\def\otherlanguage#1{%
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel=\@cclv\let\bbl at hymapsel\thr@@\fi
+ \csname selectlanguage \endcsname{#1}%
+ \ignorespaces}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The |\endotherlanguage| part of the environment tries to hide
+% itself when it is called in horizontal mode.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\long\def\endotherlanguage{%
+ \global\@ignoretrue\ignorespaces}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{environment}
+%
+% \begin{environment}{otherlanguage*}
+% The \Lenv{otherlanguage} environment is meant to be used when a
+% large part of text from a different language needs to be typeset,
+% but without changing the translation of words such as `figure'.
+% This environment makes use of |\foreign at language|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\def\csname otherlanguage*\endcsname#1{%
+ \ifnum\bbl at hymapsel=\@cclv\chardef\bbl at hymapsel4\relax\fi
+ \foreign at language{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% At the end of the environment we need to switch off the extra
+% definitions. The grouping mechanism of the environment will take
+% care of resetting the correct hyphenation rules and ``extras''.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\let\csname endotherlanguage*\endcsname\relax
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{environment}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\foreignlanguage}
+% The |\foreignlanguage| command is another substitute for the
+% |\selectlanguage| command. This command takes two arguments, the
+% first argument is the name of the language to use for typesetting
+% the text specified in the second argument.
+%
+% Unlike |\selectlanguage| this command doesn't switch
+% \emph{everything}, it only switches the hyphenation rules and the
+% extra definitions for the language specified. It does this within
+% a group and assumes the |\extras|\langvar\ command doesn't make
+% any |\global| changes. The coding is very similar to part of
+% |\selectlanguage|.
+%
+% |\bbl at beforeforeign| is a trick to fix a bug in bidi
+% texts. |\foreignlanguage| is supposed to be a `text' command, and
+% therefore it must emit a |\leavevmode|, but it does not, and
+% therefore the indent is placed on the opposite margin. For
+% backward compatibility, however, it is done only if a
+% right-to-left script is requested; otherwise, it is no-op.
+%
+% (3.11) |\foreignlanguage*| is a temporary, experimental macro for
+% a few lines with a different script direction, while preserving
+% the paragraph format (thank the braces around |\par|, things like
+% |\hangindent| are not reset). Do not use it in production,
+% because its semantics and its syntax may change (and very likely
+% will, or even it could be removed altogether). Currently it
+% enters in vmode and then selects the language (which in turn sets the
+% paragraph direction).
+%
+% (3.11) Also experimental are the hook |foreign| and
+% |foreign*|. With them you can redefine |\BabelText| which by
+% default does nothing. Its
+% behavior is not well defined yet. So, use it in
+% horizontal mode only if you do not want surprises.
+%
+% In other words, at the beginning of a paragraph |\foreignlanguage|
+% enters into hmode with the surrounding lang, and with
+% |\foreignlanguage*| with the new lang.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/30}{Removed unnecesary \cs{noextras}
+% just before closing the group}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/31}{Moved \cs{originalTeX} to
+% \cs{foreing at language} so that it's also used in
+% \texttt{otherlanguage*}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/24}{\cs{foreignlanguage} defined
+% similarly to \cs{selectlanguage}, protecting the whole macro}
+% \changes{babel~3.11}{2017/03/04}{\cs{foreignlanguage*},
+% \cs{bbl at beforeforeign} and hooks}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\providecommand\bbl at beforeforeign{}
+\edef\foreignlanguage{%
+ \noexpand\protect
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname foreignlanguage \endcsname}
+\expandafter\def\csname foreignlanguage \endcsname{%
+ \@ifstar\bbl at foreign@s\bbl at foreign@x}
+\def\bbl at foreign@x#1#2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\BabelText\@firstofone
+ \bbl at beforeforeign
+ \foreign at language{#1}%
+ \bbl at usehooks{foreign}{}%
+ \BabelText{#2}% Now in horizontal mode!
+ \endgroup}
+\def\bbl at foreign@s#1#2{% TODO - \shapemode, \@setpar, ?\@@par
+ \begingroup
+ {\par}%
+ \let\BabelText\@firstofone
+ \foreign at language{#1}%
+ \bbl at usehooks{foreign*}{}%
+ \bbl at dirparastext
+ \BabelText{#2}% Still in vertical mode!
+ {\par}%
+ \endgroup}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\foreign at language}
+% This macro does the
+% work for |\foreignlanguage| and the \Lenv{otherlanguage*}
+% environment. First we need to store the name of the language and
+% check that it is a known language. Then it just calls
+% |bbl at switch|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/29}{The warning shows the language
+% actually selected (with fixed case)}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\foreign at language#1{%
+ \edef\languagename{#1}%
+ \bbl at fixname\languagename
+ \bbl at iflanguage\languagename{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname date\languagename\endcsname\relax
+ \bbl at warning
+ {Unknown language `#1'. Either you have\\%
+ misspelled its name, it has not been installed,\\%
+ or you requested it in a previous run. Fix its name,\\%
+ install it or just rerun the file, respectively.\\%
+ I'll proceed, but expect wrong results.\\%
+ Reported}%
+ \fi
+ \let\bbl at select@type\@ne
+ \expandafter\bbl at switch\expandafter{\languagename}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at patterns}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8l}{2008/07/06}{Macro added}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/08/28}{Extended to set hyphenation
+% exceptions as defined with \cs{babelhyphenation}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9m}{2015/07/25}{Preset \cs{bbl at pttnlist} and
+% \cs{bbl at patterns@} to relax, for luatex.}
+%
+% This macro selects the hyphenation patterns by changing the
+% \cs{language} register. If special hyphenation patterns
+% are available specifically for the current font encoding,
+% use them instead of the default.
+%
+% It also sets hyphenation exceptions, but only once, because they
+% are global (here language |\lccode|'s has been set,
+% too). |\bbl at hyphenation@| is set to relax until the very first
+% |\babelhyphenation|, so do nothing with this value. If the
+% exceptions for a language (by its number, not its name, so that
+% |:ENC| is taken into account) has been set, then use
+% |\hyphenation| with both global and language exceptions and empty
+% the latter to mark they must not be set again.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at hyphlist\@empty
+\let\bbl at hyphenation@\relax
+\let\bbl at pttnlist\@empty
+\let\bbl at patterns@\relax
+\let\bbl at hymapsel=\@cclv
+\def\bbl at patterns#1{%
+ \language=\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1:\f at encoding\endcsname\relax
+ \csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \else
+ \csname l@#1:\f at encoding\endcsname
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{#1:\f at encoding}%
+ \fi
+ \@expandtwoargs\bbl at usehooks{patterns}{{#1}{\bbl at tempa}}%
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphenation@}{}{% Can be \relax!
+ \begingroup
+ \bbl at xin@{,\number\language,}{,\bbl at hyphlist}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \@expandtwoargs\bbl at usehooks{hyphenation}{{#1}{\bbl at tempa}}%
+ \hyphenation{%
+ \bbl at hyphenation@
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphenation@#1}%
+ \@empty
+ {\space\csname bbl at hyphenation@#1\endcsname}}%
+ \xdef\bbl at hyphlist{\bbl at hyphlist\number\language,}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{environment}{hyphenrules}
+% The environment \Lenv{hyphenrules} can be used to select
+% \emph{just} the hyphenation rules. This environment does
+% \emph{not} change |\languagename| and when the hyphenation rules
+% specified were not loaded it has no effect. Note however,
+% |\lccode|'s and font encodings are not set at all, so in most
+% cases you should use |otherlanguage*|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8j}{2008/03/16}{Also set the hyphenmin parameters to
+% the correct value (PR3997)}
+% \changes{babel~3.8l}{2008/07/06}{Use \cs{bbl at patterns}}
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{Don't set language name. Use temp macro.}
+% \changes{3.15}{2018/02/14}{Fix - didn't work with polyglossia}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\hyphenrules#1{%
+ \edef\bbl at tempf{#1}%
+ \bbl at fixname\bbl at tempf
+ \bbl at iflanguage\bbl at tempf{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at patterns\expandafter{\bbl at tempf}%
+ \languageshorthands{none}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname\bbl at tempf hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \set at hyphenmins\tw@\thr@@\relax
+ \else
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\set at hyphenmins
+ \csname\bbl at tempf hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \fi}}
+\let\endhyphenrules\@empty
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{environment}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\providehyphenmins}
+% The macro |\providehyphenmins| should be used in the language
+% definition files to provide a \emph{default} setting for the
+% hyphenation parameters |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin|. If
+% the macro |\|\langvar|hyphenmins| is already defined this command
+% has no effect.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\providehyphenmins#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \@namedef{#1hyphenmins}{#2}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\set at hyphenmins}
+% This macro sets the values of |\lefthyphenmin| and
+% |\righthyphenmin|. It expects two values as its argument.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\set at hyphenmins#1#2{%
+ \lefthyphenmin#1\relax
+ \righthyphenmin#2\relax}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ProvidesLanguage}
+% The identification code for each file is something that was
+% introduced in \LaTeXe. When the command |\ProvidesFile| does not
+% exist, a dummy definition is provided temporarily. For use in the
+% language definition file the command |\ProvidesLanguage| is
+% defined by \babel.
+%
+% Depending on the format, ie, on if the former is defined, we use
+% a similar definition or not.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/09}{Save info about the babel
+% version in the format (switch.def) so that it can be checked
+% later if necessary}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\ProvidesFile\@undefined
+ \def\ProvidesLanguage#1[#2 #3 #4]{%
+ \wlog{Language: #1 #4 #3 <#2>}%
+ }
+\else
+ \def\ProvidesLanguage#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \catcode`\ 10 %
+ \@makeother\/%
+ \@ifnextchar[%]
+ {\@provideslanguage{#1}}{\@provideslanguage{#1}[]}}
+ \def\@provideslanguage#1[#2]{%
+ \wlog{Language: #1 #2}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname ver@#1.ldf\endcsname{#2}%
+ \endgroup}
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\LdfInit}
+% This macro is defined in two versions. The first version is to be
+% part of the `kernel' of \babel, ie. the part that is loaded in
+% the format; the second version is defined in \file{babel.def}.
+% The version in the format just checks the category code of the
+% ampersand and then loads \file{babel.def}.
+%
+% The category code of the ampersand is restored and the macro
+% calls itself again with the new definition from
+% \file{babel.def}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\LdfInit{%
+ \chardef\atcatcode=\catcode`\@
+ \catcode`\@=11\relax
+ \input babel.def\relax
+ \catcode`\@=\atcatcode \let\atcatcode\relax
+ \LdfInit}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\originalTeX}
+% The macro|\originalTeX| should be known to \TeX\ at this moment.
+% As it has to be expandable we |\let| it to |\@empty| instead of
+% |\relax|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\originalTeX\@undefined\let\originalTeX\@empty\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Because this part of the code can be included in a format, we
+% make sure that the macro which initialises the save mechanism,
+% |\babel at beginsave|, is not considered to be undefined.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\babel at beginsave\@undefined\let\babel at beginsave\relax\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% A few macro names are reserved for future releases of \babel, which
+% will use the concept of `locale':
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9s}{2017/04/13}{Reserved macro names for `locale'}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\providecommand\setlocale{%
+ \bbl at error
+ {Not yet available}%
+ {Find an armchair, sit down and wait}}
+\let\uselocale\setlocale
+\let\locale\setlocale
+\let\selectlocale\setlocale
+\let\textlocale\setlocale
+\let\textlanguage\setlocale
+\let\languagetext\setlocale
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Errors}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@nolanerr}
+% \begin{macro}{\@nopatterns}
+% The \babel\ package will signal an error when a documents tries
+% to select a language that hasn't been defined earlier. When a
+% user selects a language for which no hyphenation patterns were
+% loaded into the format he will be given a warning about that
+% fact. We revert to the patterns for |\language|=0 in that case.
+% In most formats that will be (US)english, but it might also be
+% empty.
+% \begin{macro}{\@noopterr}
+% When the package was loaded without options not everything will
+% work as expected. An error message is issued in that case.
+%
+% When the format knows about |\PackageError| it must be \LaTeXe,
+% so we can safely use its error handling interface. Otherwise
+% we'll have to `keep it simple'.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/07/30}{\cs{newcommand}s replaced by
+% \cs{def}'s, so that the file can be loaded twice}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2013/01/26}{Define generic variants instead of
+% duplicating each predefined message}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\edef\bbl at nulllanguage{\string\language=0}
+\ifx\PackageError\@undefined
+ \def\bbl at error#1#2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \newlinechar=`\^^J
+ \def\\{^^J(babel) }%
+ \errhelp{#2}\errmessage{\\#1}%
+ \endgroup}
+ \def\bbl at warning#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \newlinechar=`\^^J
+ \def\\{^^J(babel) }%
+ \message{\\#1}%
+ \endgroup}
+ \def\bbl at info#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \newlinechar=`\^^J
+ \def\\{^^J}%
+ \wlog{#1}%
+ \endgroup}
+\else
+ \def\bbl at error#1#2{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\\{\MessageBreak}%
+ \PackageError{babel}{#1}{#2}%
+ \endgroup}
+ \def\bbl at warning#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\\{\MessageBreak}%
+ \PackageWarning{babel}{#1}%
+ \endgroup}
+ \def\bbl at info#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \def\\{\MessageBreak}%
+ \PackageInfo{babel}{#1}%
+ \endgroup}
+\fi
+\@ifpackagewith{babel}{silent}
+ {\let\bbl at info\@gobble
+ \let\bbl at warning\@gobble}
+ {}
+\def\bbl at nocaption#1#2{% 1: text to be printed 2: caption macro \langXname
+ \gdef#2{\textbf{?#1?}}%
+ #2%
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ \string#2 not set. Please, define\\%
+ it in the preamble with something like:\\%
+ \string\renewcommand\string#2{..}\\%
+ Reported}}
+\def\@nolanerr#1{%
+ \bbl at error
+ {You haven't defined the language #1\space yet}%
+ {Your command will be ignored, type <return> to proceed}}
+\def\@nopatterns#1{%
+ \bbl at warning
+ {No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for\\%
+ the language `#1' into the format.\\%
+ Please, configure your TeX system to add them and\\%
+ rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns\\%
+ preloaded for \bbl at nulllanguage\space instead}}
+\let\bbl at usehooks\@gobbletwo
+%</kernel>
+%<*patterns>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \section{Loading hyphenation patterns}
+%
+% The following code is meant to be read by ini\TeX\ because it
+% should instruct \TeX\ to read hyphenation patterns. To this end the
+% \texttt{docstrip} option \texttt{patterns} can be used to include
+% this code in the file \file{hyphen.cfg}. Code is written with lower
+% level macros.
+%
+% |toks8| stores info to be shown when the program is run.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/05/30}{Code moved from plain.def}
+%
+% We want to add a message to the message \LaTeX$\:$2.09 puts in
+% the |\everyjob| register. This could be done by the following
+% code:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+% \let\orgeveryjob\everyjob
+% \def\everyjob#1{%
+% \orgeveryjob{#1}%
+% \orgeveryjob\expandafter{\the\orgeveryjob\immediate\write16{%
+% hyphenation patterns for \the\loaded at patterns loaded.}}%
+% \let\everyjob\orgeveryjob\let\orgeveryjob\@undefined}
+%\end{verbatim}
+% The code above redefines the control sequence \cs{everyjob}
+% in order to be able to add something to the current contents of
+% the register. This is necessary because the processing of
+% hyphenation patterns happens long before \LaTeX\ fills the
+% register.
+%
+% There are some problems with this approach though.
+% \begin{itemize}
+% \item When someone wants to use several hyphenation patterns with
+% \SliTeX\ the above scheme won't work. The reason is that \SliTeX\
+% overwrites the contents of the |\everyjob| register with its own
+% message.
+% \item Plain \TeX\ does not use the |\everyjob| register so the
+% message would not be displayed.
+% \end{itemize}
+% To circumvent this a `dirty trick' can be used. As this code is
+% only processed when creating a new format file there is one
+% command that is sure to be used, |\dump|. Therefore the original
+% |\dump| is saved in |\org at dump| and a new definition is supplied.
+%
+% To make sure that \LaTeX$\:$2.09 executes the
+% |\@begindocumenthook| we would want to alter |\begin{document}|,
+% but as this done too often already, we add the new code at the
+% front of |\@preamblecmds|. But we can only do that after it has
+% been defined, so we add this piece of code to |\dump|.
+%
+% This new definition starts by adding an instruction to write a
+% message on the terminal and in the transcript file to inform the
+% user of the preloaded hyphenation patterns.
+%
+% Then everything is restored to the old situation and the format
+% is dumped.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+<@Make sure ProvidesFile is defined@>
+\ProvidesFile{hyphen.cfg}[<@date@> <@version@> Babel hyphens]
+\xdef\bbl at format{\jobname}
+\ifx\AtBeginDocument\@undefined
+ \def\@empty{}
+ \let\orig at dump\dump
+ \def\dump{%
+ \ifx\@ztryfc\@undefined
+ \else
+ \toks0=\expandafter{\@preamblecmds}%
+ \edef\@preamblecmds{\noexpand\@begindocumenthook\the\toks0}%
+ \def\@begindocumenthook{}%
+ \fi
+ \let\dump\orig at dump\let\orig at dump\@undefined\dump}
+\fi
+<@Define core switching macros@>
+\toks8{Babel <<@version@>> and hyphenation patterns for }%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\process at line}
+% Each line in the file \file{language.dat} is processed by
+% |\process at line| after it is read. The first thing this macro does
+% is to check whether the line starts with \texttt{=}.
+% When the first token of a line is an \texttt{=}, the macro
+% |\process at synonym| is called; otherwise the macro
+% |\process at language| will continue.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/12}{Use spaces as delimiters, to avoid
+% extra spaces. Once parsed, pass them in the traditional way}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\process at line#1#2 #3 #4 {%
+ \ifx=#1%
+ \process at synonym{#2}%
+ \else
+ \process at language{#1#2}{#3}{#4}%
+ \fi
+ \ignorespaces}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\process at synonym}
+%
+% This macro takes care of the lines which start with an
+% \texttt{=}. It needs an empty token register to begin with.
+% |\bbl at languages| is also set to empty.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\toks@{}
+\def\bbl at languages{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When no languages have been loaded yet, the name following the
+% \texttt{=} will be a synonym for hyphenation register 0. So, it is stored
+% in a token register and executed when the first pattern file has
+% been processed. (The |\relax| just helps to the |\if| below
+% catching synonyms without a language.)
+%
+% Otherwise the name will be a synonym for the language loaded last.
+%
+% We also need to copy the hyphenmin parameters for the synonym.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/25}{Added \cs{bbl at languages}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\process at synonym#1{%
+ \ifnum\last at language=\m at ne
+ \toks@\expandafter{\the\toks@\relax\process at synonym{#1}}%
+ \else
+ \expandafter\chardef\csname l@#1\endcsname\last at language
+ \wlog{\string\l@#1=\string\language\the\last at language}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname #1hyphenmins\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname\languagename hyphenmins\endcsname
+ \let\bbl at elt\relax
+ \edef\bbl at languages{\bbl at languages\bbl at elt{#1}{\the\last at language}{}{}}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\process at language}
+% The macro |\process at language| is used to process a non-empty line
+% from the `configuration file'. It has three arguments, each
+% delimited by white space. The first argument is the `name' of a
+% language; the second is the name of the file that contains the
+% patterns. The optional third argument is the name of a file
+% containing hyphenation exceptions.
+%
+% The first thing to do is call |\addlanguage| to allocate a
+% pattern register and to make that register `active'.
+% Then the `name' of the language that will be loaded now is
+% added to the token register |\toks8|. and finally
+% the pattern file is read.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/10}{Removed \cs{selectfont} (I presume
+% it was intended to catch wrong encoding codes, but I don't think
+% this is necessary and as a side effect it might preload fonts)}
+%
+% For some hyphenation patterns it is needed to load them with a
+% specific font encoding selected. This can be specified in the
+% file \file{language.dat} by adding for instance `\texttt{:T1}' to
+% the name of the language. The macro |\bbl at get@enc| extracts the
+% font encoding from the language name and stores it in
+% |\bbl at hyph@enc|. The latter can be used in hyphenation files if
+% you need to set a behavior depending on the given encoding (it
+% is set to empty if no encoding is given).
+%
+% Pattern files may contain assignments to |\lefthyphenmin| and
+% |\righthyphenmin|. \TeX\ does not keep track of these
+% assignments. Therefore we try to detect such assignments and
+% store them in the |\|\langvar|hyphenmins| macro. When no
+% assignments were made we provide a default setting.
+%
+% Some pattern files contain changes to the |\lccode| en |\uccode|
+% arrays. Such changes should remain local to the language;
+% therefore we process the pattern file in a group; the |\patterns|
+% command acts globally so its effect will be remembered.
+%
+% Then we globally store the settings of |\lefthyphenmin| and
+% |\righthyphenmin| and close the group.
+%
+% When the hyphenation patterns have been processed we need to see
+% if a file with hyphenation exceptions needs to be read. This is
+% the case when the third argument is not empty and when it does
+% not contain a space token. (Note however there is no need to save
+% hyphenation exceptions into the format.)
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/06/25}{Added \cs{bbl at languages}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9f}{2013/05/16}{Restored code to set default
+% hyphenmins, which was deleted mistakenly}
+%
+% \cs{bbl at languages} saves a snapshot of the loaded languagues in the
+% form \cs{bbl at elt}\marg{language-name}\marg{number}%
+% \marg{patterns-file}\marg{exceptions-file}. Note the last 2
+% arguments are empty in `dialects' defined in |language.dat| with
+% |=|. Note also the language name can have encoding info.
+%
+% Finally, if the counter |\language| is equal to zero we execute the
+% synonyms stored.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\process at language#1#2#3{%
+ \expandafter\addlanguage\csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\language\csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \edef\languagename{#1}%
+ \bbl at hook@everylanguage{#1}%
+ \bbl at get@enc#1::\@@@
+ \begingroup
+ \lefthyphenmin\m at ne
+ \bbl at hook@loadpatterns{#2}%
+ \ifnum\lefthyphenmin=\m at ne
+ \else
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname{%
+ \the\lefthyphenmin\the\righthyphenmin}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup
+ \def\bbl at tempa{#3}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\@empty\else
+ \bbl at hook@loadexceptions{#3}%
+ \fi
+ \let\bbl at elt\relax
+ \edef\bbl at languages{%
+ \bbl at languages\bbl at elt{#1}{\the\language}{#2}{\bbl at tempa}}%
+ \ifnum\the\language=\z@
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname\relax
+ \set at hyphenmins\tw@\thr@@\relax
+ \else
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\set at hyphenmins
+ \csname #1hyphenmins\endcsname
+ \fi
+ \the\toks@
+ \toks@{}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at get@enc}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/11}{Code much simplified}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bbl at hyph@enc}
+% The macro |\bbl at get@enc| extracts the font encoding from the
+% language name and stores it in |\bbl at hyph@enc|. It uses delimited
+% arguments to achieve this.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at get@enc#1:#2:#3\@@@{\def\bbl at hyph@enc{#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Now, hooks are defined. For efficiency reasons, they are dealt
+% here in a special way. Besides \luatex, format specific
+% configuration files are taken into account.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9b}{2013/03/25}{Fixed an idiot slip: \cs{def}
+% intead of \cs{let}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at hook@everylanguage#1{}
+\def\bbl at hook@loadpatterns#1{\input #1\relax}
+\let\bbl at hook@loadexceptions\bbl at hook@loadpatterns
+\let\bbl at hook@loadkernel\bbl at hook@loadpatterns
+\begingroup
+ \def\AddBabelHook#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname bbl at hook@#2\endcsname\relax
+ \def\next{\toks1}%
+ \else
+ \def\next{\expandafter\gdef\csname bbl at hook@#2\endcsname####1}%
+ \fi
+ \next}
+ \ifx\directlua\@undefined
+ \ifx\XeTeXinputencoding\@undefined\else
+ \input xebabel.def
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \input luababel.def
+ \fi
+ \openin1 = babel-\bbl at format.cfg
+ \ifeof1
+ \else
+ \input babel-\bbl at format.cfg\relax
+ \fi
+ \closein1
+\endgroup
+\bbl at hook@loadkernel{switch.def}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\readconfigfile}
+% The configuration file can now be opened for reading.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\openin1 = language.dat
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% See if the file exists, if not, use the default hyphenation file
+% \file{hyphen.tex}. The user will be informed about this.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\languagename{english}%
+\ifeof1
+ \message{I couldn't find the file language.dat,\space
+ I will try the file hyphen.tex}
+ \input hyphen.tex\relax
+ \chardef\l at english\z@
+\else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Pattern registers are allocated using count register
+% |\last at language|. Its initial value is~0. The definition of the
+% macro |\newlanguage| is such that it first increments the count
+% register and then defines the language. In order to have the
+% first patterns loaded in pattern register number~0 we initialize
+% |\last at language| with the value~$-1$.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \last at language\m at ne
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We now read lines from the file until the end is found
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \loop
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% While reading from the input, it is useful to switch off
+% recognition of the end-of-line character. This saves us stripping
+% off spaces from the contents of the control sequence.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \endlinechar\m at ne
+ \read1 to \bbl at line
+ \endlinechar`\^^M
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/14}{Test simplified and moved}
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/12}{Use only spaces as delimiters and
+% not /, as previouly done}
+%
+% If the file has reached its end, exit from the loop here. If not,
+% empty lines are skipped. Add 3 space characters to the end of
+% |\bbl at line|. This is needed to be able to recognize the arguments
+% of |\process at line| later on. The default language should be the
+% very first one.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \if T\ifeof1F\fi T\relax
+ \ifx\bbl at line\@empty\else
+ \edef\bbl at line{\bbl at line\space\space\space}%
+ \expandafter\process at line\bbl at line\relax
+ \fi
+ \repeat
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Check for the end of the file. We must reverse the test for
+% |\ifeof| without |\else|. Then reactivate the default patterns.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.8m}{2008/07/08}{Also restore the name of the
+% language in \cs{languagename} (PR 4039)}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \begingroup
+ \def\bbl at elt#1#2#3#4{%
+ \global\language=#2\relax
+ \gdef\languagename{#1}%
+ \def\bbl at elt##1##2##3##4{}}%
+ \bbl at languages
+ \endgroup
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% and close the configuration file.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\closein1
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We add a message about the fact that babel is loaded in the
+% format and with which language patterns to the \cs{everyjob}
+% register.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/09/25}{The list of languages is not
+% printed every job any more (it is saved in \cs{bbl at languages}).}
+% \changes{babel~3.9g}{2013/07/28}{In non-LaTeX formats the number of
+% languages were not printed. Moved from \cs{dump} and cleaned up:
+% now \cs{toks}8 is expanded here.}
+% \changes{babel~3.9o}{2016/01/25}{The number of languages loaded was
+% off by 1.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\if/\the\toks@/\else
+ \errhelp{language.dat loads no language, only synonyms}
+ \errmessage{Orphan language synonym}
+\fi
+\advance\last at language\@ne
+\edef\bbl at tempa{%
+ \everyjob{%
+ \the\everyjob
+ \ifx\typeout\@undefined
+ \immediate\write16%
+ \else
+ \noexpand\typeout
+ \fi
+ {\the\toks8 \the\last at language\space language(s) loaded.}}}
+\advance\last at language\m at ne
+\bbl at tempa
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Also remove some macros from memory and raise an error
+% if |\toks@| is not empty. Finally load \file{switch.def}, but the
+% latter is not required and the line inputting it may be commented
+% out.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9a}{2012/12/11}{Raise error if there are synonyms
+% without languages}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\bbl at line\@undefined
+\let\process at line\@undefined
+\let\process at synonym\@undefined
+\let\process at language\@undefined
+\let\bbl at get@enc\@undefined
+\let\bbl at hyph@enc\@undefined
+\let\bbl at tempa\@undefined
+\let\bbl at hook@loadkernel\@undefined
+\let\bbl at hook@everylanguage\@undefined
+\let\bbl at hook@loadpatterns\@undefined
+\let\bbl at hook@loadexceptions\@undefined
+%</patterns>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Here the code for ini\TeX\ ends.
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \section{Font handling with fontspec}
+%
+% \changes{3.15}{2017/10/30}{New way to select fonts, with \cs{babelfont}}
+%
+% Add the bidi handler just before luaoftload, which is loaded by default
+% by LaTeX. Just in case, consider the possibility it has not been
+% loaded. First, a couple of definitions related to bidi [misplaced].
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*More package options>>
+\ifodd\bbl at engine
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
+ {\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \newattribute\bbl at attr@dir
+ \bbl at exp{\output{\bodydir\pagedir\the\output}}%
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}}
+\else
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
+ {\bbl at error
+ {The bidi method `basic' is available only in\\%
+ luatex. I'll continue with `bidi=default', so\\%
+ expect wrong results}%
+ {See the manual for further details.}%
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}%
+ \bbl at xebidipar}}
+\fi
+\DeclareOption{bidi=default}%
+ {\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \ifodd\bbl at engine
+ \newattribute\bbl at attr@dir
+ \bbl at exp{\output{\bodydir\pagedir\the\output}}%
+ \fi
+ \AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}%
+ \ifodd\bbl at engine\else
+ \bbl at xebidipar
+ \fi}}
+%<</More package options>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% With explicit languages, we could define the font at once, but we
+% don't. Just wait and see if the language is actually activated.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Font selection>>
+\bbl at trace{Font handling with fontspec}
+\@onlypreamble\babelfont
+\newcommand\babelfont[2][]{% 1=langs/scripts 2=fam
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \def\bbl at tempb{#2}%
+ \ifx\fontspec\@undefined
+ \usepackage{fontspec}%
+ \fi
+ \EnableBabelHook{babel-fontspec}%
+ \bbl at bblfont}
+\newcommand\bbl at bblfont[2][]{% 1=features 2=fontname
+ \bbl at ifunset{\bbl at tempb family}{\bbl at providefam{\bbl at tempb}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at ifblank\expandafter{\bbl at tempa}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\edef{\bbl at tempb dflt@}{<>{#1}{#2}}% save bbl at rmdflt@
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \let\<bbl@\bbl at tempb dflt@\languagename>\<bbl@\bbl at tempb dflt@>%
+ \\\bbl at font@set\<bbl@\bbl at tempb dflt@\languagename>%
+ \<\bbl at tempb default>\<\bbl at tempb family>}}%
+ {\bbl at foreach\bbl at tempa{% ie bbl at rmdflt@lang / *scrt
+ \bbl at csarg\def{\bbl at tempb dflt@##1}{<>{#1}{#2}}}}}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If the family in the previous command does not exist, it must be
+% defined. Here is how:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at providefam#1{%
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \\\newcommand\<#1default>{}% Just define it
+ \\\bbl at add@list\\\bbl at font@fams{#1}%
+ \\\DeclareRobustCommand\<#1family>{%
+ \\\not at math@alphabet\<#1family>\relax
+ \\\fontfamily\<#1default>\\\selectfont}%
+ \\\DeclareTextFontCommand{\<text#1>}{\<#1family>}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following macro is activated when the hook |babel-fontspec| is
+% enabled.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at switchfont{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at exp{% eg Arabic -> arabic
+ \lowercase{\edef\\\bbl at tempa{\bbl at cs{sname@\languagename}}}}%
+ \bbl at foreach\bbl at font@fams{%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@\languagename}% (1) language?
+ {\bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@*\bbl at tempa}% (2) from script?
+ {\bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@}% 2=F - (3) from generic?
+ {}% 123=F - nothing!
+ {\bbl at exp{% 3=T - from generic
+ \global\let\<bbl@##1dflt@\languagename>%
+ \<bbl@##1dflt@>}}}%
+ {\bbl at exp{% 2=T - from script
+ \global\let\<bbl@##1dflt@\languagename>%
+ \<bbl@##1dflt@*\bbl at tempa>}}}%
+ {}}% 1=T - language, already defined
+ \def\bbl at tempa{%
+ \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family:\\%
+ \fontname\font\\%
+ Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining a\\%
+ new family with \string\babelfont. Reported}}%
+ \bbl at foreach\bbl at font@fams{% don't gather with prev for
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@\languagename}%
+ {\bbl at cs{famrst@##1}%
+ \global\bbl at csarg\let{famrst@##1}\relax}%
+ {\bbl at exp{% order is relevant
+ \\\bbl at add\\\originalTeX{%
+ \\\bbl at font@rst{\bbl at cs{##1dflt@\languagename}}%
+ \<##1default>\<##1family>{##1}}%
+ \\\bbl at font@set\<bbl@##1dflt@\languagename>% the main part!
+ \<##1default>\<##1family>}}}%
+ \bbl at ifrestoring{}{\bbl at tempa}}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now the macros defining the font with \textsf{fontspec}.
+%
+% When there are repeated keys in \textsf{fontspec}, the last value
+% wins. So, we just place the ini settings at the beginning, and user
+% settings will take precedence.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang \rmdefault \rmfamily
+ \bbl at xin@{<>}{#1}%
+ \ifin@
+ \bbl at exp{\\\bbl at fontspec@set\\#1\expandafter\@gobbletwo#1}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rmdflt@lang}
+ \\\bbl at ifsamestring{#2}{\f at family}{\\#3\let\\\bbl at tempa\relax}{}}}
+\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang fnt-opt fnt-nme
+ \let\bbl at tempe\bbl at mapselect
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
+ \bbl at exp{\<fontspec_set_family:Nnn>\\#1%
+ {\bbl at cs{lsys@\languagename},#2}}{#3}%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\bbl at tempe
+ \bbl at toglobal#1}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% font at rst and famrst are only used when there is no global settings,
+% to save and restore de previous families. Not really necessary, but
+% done for optimization.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at font@rst#1#2#3#4{%
+ \bbl at csarg\def{famrst@#4}{\bbl at font@set{#1}#2#3}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The default font families. They are eurocentric, but the list can be
+% expanded easily with |\babelfont|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at font@fams{rm,sf,tt}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The old tentative way. Short and preverved for compatibility, but
+% deprecated. Note there is no direct alternative for
+% |\babelFSfeatures|. The reason in explained in the user guide, but
+% essentially -- that was not the way to go :-).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\babelFSstore[2][]{%
+ \bbl at ifblank{#1}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\def{sname@#2}{Latin}}%
+ {\bbl at csarg\def{sname@#2}{#1}}%
+ \bbl at provide@dirs{#2}%
+ \bbl at csarg\ifnum{wdir@#2}>\z@
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at foreach{#2}{%
+ \bbl at FSstore{##1}{rm}\rmdefault\bbl at save@rmdefault
+ \bbl at FSstore{##1}{sf}\sfdefault\bbl at save@sfdefault
+ \bbl at FSstore{##1}{tt}\ttdefault\bbl at save@ttdefault}}
+\def\bbl at FSstore#1#2#3#4{%
+ \bbl at csarg\edef{#2default#1}{#3}%
+ \expandafter\addto\csname extras#1\endcsname{%
+ \let#4#3%
+ \ifx#3\f at family
+ \edef#3{\csname bbl@#2default#1\endcsname}%
+ \fontfamily{#3}\selectfont
+ \else
+ \edef#3{\csname bbl@#2default#1\endcsname}%
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\addto\csname noextras#1\endcsname{%
+ \ifx#3\f at family
+ \fontfamily{#4}\selectfont
+ \fi
+ \let#3#4}}
+\let\bbl at langfeatures\@empty
+\def\babelFSfeatures{% make sure \fontspec is redefined once
+ \let\bbl at ori@fontspec\fontspec
+ \renewcommand\fontspec[1][]{%
+ \bbl at ori@fontspec[\bbl at langfeatures##1]}
+ \let\babelFSfeatures\bbl at FSfeatures
+ \babelFSfeatures}
+\def\bbl at FSfeatures#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\addto\csname extras#1\endcsname{%
+ \babel at save\bbl at langfeatures
+ \edef\bbl at langfeatures{#2,}}}
+%<</Font selection>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \section{Hooks for XeTeX and LuaTeX}
+%
+% \subsection{XeTeX}
+%
+% Unfortunately, the current encoding cannot be retrieved and
+% therefore it is reset always to |utf8|, which seems a sensible
+% default.
+%
+% \LaTeX{} sets many ``codes'' just before loading
+% \verb|hyphen.cfg|. That is not a problem in luatex, but in xetex
+% they must be reset to the proper value. Most of the work is done in
+% \textsf{xe(la)tex.ini}, so here we just ``undo'' some of the
+% changes done by \LaTeX. Anyway, for consistency Lua\TeX{} also
+% resets the catcodes.
+%
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0c}{2014/03/10}{Reset ``codes'' set by \cs{LaTeX}
+% to what xetex expects. Used also in luatex.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0f}{2015/12/06}{This block was assigned to
+% xetex, even in luatex. Fixed here and below.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Restore Unicode catcodes before loading patterns>>
+ \begingroup
+ % Reset chars "80-"C0 to category "other", no case mapping:
+ \catcode`\@=11 \count@=128
+ \loop\ifnum\count@<192
+ \global\uccode\count@=0 \global\lccode\count@=0
+ \global\catcode\count@=12 \global\sfcode\count@=1000
+ \advance\count@ by 1 \repeat
+ % Other:
+ \def\O ##1 {%
+ \global\uccode"##1=0 \global\lccode"##1=0
+ \global\catcode"##1=12 \global\sfcode"##1=1000 }%
+ % Letter:
+ \def\L ##1 ##2 ##3 {\global\catcode"##1=11
+ \global\uccode"##1="##2
+ \global\lccode"##1="##3
+ % Uppercase letters have sfcode=999:
+ \ifnum"##1="##3 \else \global\sfcode"##1=999 \fi }%
+ % Letter without case mappings:
+ \def\l ##1 {\L ##1 ##1 ##1 }%
+ \l 00AA
+ \L 00B5 039C 00B5
+ \l 00BA
+ \O 00D7
+ \l 00DF
+ \O 00F7
+ \L 00FF 0178 00FF
+ \endgroup
+ \input #1\relax
+%<</Restore Unicode catcodes before loading patterns>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Some more common code.
+%
+% \changes{babel 3.17}{2018/01/24}{Tools for bidi footnote}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<<*Footnote changes>>
+\bbl at trace{Bidi footnotes}
+\ifx\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \def\bbl at footnote#1#2#3{%
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\bbl at footnote@o{#1}{#2}{#3}}%
+ {\bbl at footnote@x{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+ \def\bbl at footnote@x#1#2#3#4{%
+ \bgroup
+ \select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \bbl at fn@footnote{#2#1{\ignorespaces#4}#3}%
+ \egroup}
+ \def\bbl at footnote@o#1#2#3[#4]#5{%
+ \bgroup
+ \select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \bbl at fn@footnote[#4]{#2#1{\ignorespaces#5}#3}%
+ \egroup}
+ \def\bbl at footnotetext#1#2#3{%
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\bbl at footnotetext@o{#1}{#2}{#3}}%
+ {\bbl at footnotetext@x{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+ \def\bbl at footnotetext@x#1#2#3#4{%
+ \bgroup
+ \select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \bbl at fn@footnotetext{#2#1{\ignorespaces#4}#3}%
+ \egroup}
+ \def\bbl at footnotetext@o#1#2#3[#4]#5{%
+ \bgroup
+ \select at language@x{\bbl at main@language}%
+ \bbl at fn@footnotetext[#4]{#2#1{\ignorespaces#5}#3}%
+ \egroup}
+ \def\BabelFootnote#1#2#3#4{%
+ \ifx\bbl at fn@footnote\@undefined
+ \let\bbl at fn@footnote\footnote
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at fn@footnotetext\@undefined
+ \let\bbl at fn@footnotetext\footnotetext
+ \fi
+ \bbl at ifblank{#2}%
+ {\def#1{\bbl at footnote{\@firstofone}{#3}{#4}}
+ \@namedef{\bbl at stripslash#1text}%
+ {\bbl at footnotetext{\@firstofone}{#3}{#4}}}%
+ {\def#1{\bbl at exp{\\\bbl at footnote{\\\foreignlanguage{#2}}}{#3}{#4}}%
+ \@namedef{\bbl at stripslash#1text}%
+ {\bbl at exp{\\\bbl at footnotetext{\\\foreignlanguage{#2}}}{#3}{#4}}}}
+\fi
+%<</Footnote changes>>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now, the code.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*xetex>
+\def\BabelStringsDefault{unicode}
+\let\xebbl at stop\relax
+\AddBabelHook{xetex}{encodedcommands}{%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\@empty
+ \XeTeXinputencoding"bytes"%
+ \else
+ \XeTeXinputencoding"#1"%
+ \fi
+ \def\xebbl at stop{\XeTeXinputencoding"utf8"}}
+\AddBabelHook{xetex}{stopcommands}{%
+ \xebbl at stop
+ \let\xebbl at stop\relax}
+\AddBabelHook{xetex}{loadkernel}{%
+<@Restore Unicode catcodes before loading patterns@>}
+\ifx\DisableBabelHook\@undefined\endinput\fi
+\AddBabelHook{babel-fontspec}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchfont}
+\DisableBabelHook{babel-fontspec}
+<@Font selection@>
+\input txtbabel.def
+%</xetex>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Layout}
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.16}{2018/01/02}{Option layout - first available options:
+% sectioning, counters, lists, columns, contents}
+%
+% \textit{In progress.}
+%
+% Unfortunately, proper support for \xetex{} requires patching somehow
+% lots of macros and packages (and some issues related to |\special|s
+% remain, like color and hyperlinks). At least at this stage, \babel{}
+% will not do it and therefore a package like \textsf{bidi} (by Vafa
+% Khalighi) would be necessary to overcome the limitations of
+% \xetex. Any help in making \babel{} and \textsf{bidi} collaborate
+% will be welcome, although the underlying concepts in both packages
+% seem very different. Note also elements like headlines and margins
+% can be modified easily with packages like \textsf{fancyhdr},
+% \textsf{typearea} or \textsf{titleps}, and \textsf{geometry}.
+%
+% |\bbl at startskip| and |\bbl at endskip| are available to package
+% authors. Thanks to the \TeX{} expansion mechanism the following
+% constructs are valid: |\adim\bbl at startskip|,
+% |\advance\bbl at startskip\adim|, |\bbl at startskip\adim|.
+%
+% Consider |txtbabel| as a shorthand for \textit{tex--xet babel},
+% which is the bidi model in both \pdftex{} and \xetex{}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*texxet>
+\bbl at trace{Redefinitions for bidi layout}
+\def\bbl at sspre@caption{%
+ \bbl at exp{\everyhbox{\\\bbl at textdir\bbl at cs{wdir@\bbl at main@language}}}}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil\endinput\fi % No layout
+\def\bbl at startskip{\ifcase\bbl at thepardir\leftskip\else\rightskip\fi}
+\def\bbl at endskip{\ifcase\bbl at thepardir\rightskip\else\leftskip\fi}
+\ifx\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode % A poor test for bidi=
+ \def\@hangfrom#1{%
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{#1}}%
+ \hangindent\ifcase\bbl at thepardir\wd\@tempboxa\else-\wd\@tempboxa\fi
+ \noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+ \def\raggedright{%
+ \let\\\@centercr
+ \bbl at startskip\z at skip
+ \@rightskip\@flushglue
+ \bbl at endskip\@rightskip
+ \parindent\z@
+ \parfillskip\bbl at startskip}
+ \def\raggedleft{%
+ \let\\\@centercr
+ \bbl at startskip\@flushglue
+ \bbl at endskip\z at skip
+ \parindent\z@
+ \parfillskip\bbl at endskip}
+\fi
+\IfBabelLayout{lists}
+ {\def\list#1#2{%
+ \ifnum \@listdepth >5\relax
+ \@toodeep
+ \else
+ \global\advance\@listdepth\@ne
+ \fi
+ \rightmargin\z@
+ \listparindent\z@
+ \itemindent\z@
+ \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@listdepth\endcsname
+ \def\@itemlabel{#1}%
+ \let\makelabel\@mklab
+ \@nmbrlistfalse
+ #2\relax
+ \@trivlist
+ \parskip\parsep
+ \parindent\listparindent
+ \advance\linewidth-\rightmargin
+ \advance\linewidth-\leftmargin
+ \advance\@totalleftmargin
+ \ifcase\bbl at thepardir\leftmargin\else\rightmargin\fi
+ \parshape\@ne\@totalleftmargin\linewidth
+ \ignorespaces}%
+ \ifcase\bbl at engine
+ \def\labelenumii{)\theenumii(}%
+ \def\p at enumiii{\p at enumii)\theenumii(}%
+ \fi
+ \def\@verbatim{%
+ \trivlist \item\relax
+ \if at minipage\else\vskip\parskip\fi
+ \bbl at startskip\textwidth
+ \advance\bbl at startskip-\linewidth
+ \bbl at endskip\z at skip
+ \parindent\z@
+ \parfillskip\@flushglue
+ \parskip\z at skip
+ \@@par
+ \language\l at nohyphenation
+ \@tempswafalse
+ \def\par{%
+ \if at tempswa
+ \leavevmode\null
+ \@@par\penalty\interlinepenalty
+ \else
+ \@tempswatrue
+ \ifhmode\@@par\penalty\interlinepenalty\fi
+ \fi}%
+ \let\do\@makeother \dospecials
+ \obeylines \verbatim at font \@noligs
+ \everypar\expandafter{\the\everypar\unpenalty}}}
+ {}
+\IfBabelLayout{contents}
+ {\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+ \ifnum#1>\c at tocdepth\else
+ \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+ {\bbl at startskip#2\relax
+ \bbl at endskip\@tocrmarg
+ \parfillskip-\bbl at endskip
+ \parindent#2\relax
+ \@afterindenttrue
+ \interlinepenalty\@M
+ \leavevmode
+ \@tempdima#3\relax
+ \advance\bbl at startskip\@tempdima
+ \null\nobreak\hskip-\bbl at startskip
+ {#4}\nobreak
+ \leaders\hbox{%
+ $\m at th\mkern\@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern\@dotsep mu$}%
+ \hfill\nobreak
+ \hb at xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont\normalcolor#5}%
+ \par}%
+ \fi}}
+ {}
+\IfBabelLayout{columns}
+ {\def\@outputdblcol{%
+ \if at firstcolumn
+ \global\@firstcolumnfalse
+ \global\setbox\@leftcolumn\copy\@outputbox
+ \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen
+ \vbadness\maxdimen
+ \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\unvbox\@outputbox\unskip}%
+ \setbox\@outputbox\vsplit\@outputbox to\maxdimen
+ \toks@\expandafter{\topmark}%
+ \xdef\@firstcoltopmark{\the\toks@}%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\splitfirstmark}%
+ \xdef\@firstcolfirstmark{\the\toks@}%
+ \ifx\@firstcolfirstmark\@empty
+ \global\let\@setmarks\relax
+ \else
+ \gdef\@setmarks{%
+ \let\firstmark\@firstcolfirstmark
+ \let\topmark\@firstcoltopmark}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \global\@firstcolumntrue
+ \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{%
+ \hb at xt@\textwidth{%
+ \hskip\columnwidth
+ \hfil
+ {\normalcolor\vrule \@width\columnseprule}%
+ \hfil
+ \hb at xt@\columnwidth{\box\@leftcolumn \hss}%
+ \hskip-\textwidth
+ \hb at xt@\columnwidth{\box\@outputbox \hss}%
+ \hskip\columnsep
+ \hskip\columnwidth}}%
+ \@combinedblfloats
+ \@setmarks
+ \@outputpage
+ \begingroup
+ \@dblfloatplacement
+ \@startdblcolumn
+ \@whilesw\if at fcolmade \fi{\@outputpage
+ \@startdblcolumn}%
+ \endgroup
+ \fi}}%
+ {}
+<@Footnote changes@>
+\IfBabelLayout{footnotes}%
+ {\BabelFootnote\footnote\languagename{}{}%
+ \BabelFootnote\localfootnote\languagename{}{}%
+ \BabelFootnote\mainfootnote{}{}{}}
+ {}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Implicitly reverses sectioning labels in |bidi=basic-r|, because
+% the full stop is not in contact with L numbers any more. I
+% think there must be a better way.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\IfBabelLayout{counters}%
+ {\let\bbl at latinarabic=\@arabic
+ \def\@arabic#1{\babelsublr{\bbl at latinarabic#1}}%
+ \let\bbl at asciiroman=\@roman
+ \def\@roman#1{\babelsublr{\ensureascii{\bbl at asciiroman#1}}}%
+ \let\bbl at asciiRoman=\@Roman
+ \def\@Roman#1{\babelsublr{\ensureascii{\bbl at asciiRoman#1}}}}{}
+%</texxet>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{LuaTeX}
+%
+% The new loader for luatex is based solely on |language.dat|, which
+% is read on the fly. The code shouldn't be executed when the format
+% is build, so we check if |\AddBabelHook| is defined. Then comes a
+% modified version of the loader in |hyphen.cfg| (without the
+% hyphenmins stuff, which is under the direct control of \babel).
+%
+% The names |\l@<language>| are defined and take some value from the
+% beginning because all \texttt{ldf} files assume this for the
+% corresponding language to be considered valid, but patterns are not
+% loaded (except the first one). This is done later, when the language
+% is first selected (which usually means when the \texttt{ldf}
+% finishes). If a language has been loaded, |\bbl at hyphendata@<num>|
+% exists (with the names of the files read).
+%
+% The default setup preloads the first language into the format. This
+% is intended mainly for `english', so that it's available without
+% further intervention from the user. To avoid duplicating it, the
+% following rule applies: if the ``0th'' language and the first
+% language in |language.dat| have the same name then just ignore the
+% latter. If there are new synonymous, the are added, but note if the
+% language patterns have not been preloaded they won't at run time.
+%
+% Other preloaded languages could be read twice, if they has been
+% preloaded into the format. This is not optimal, but it shouldn't
+% happen very often -- with \luatex{} patterns are best loaded when
+% the document is typeset, and the ``0th'' language is preloaded just
+% for backwards compatibility.
+%
+% As of 1.1b, lua(e)tex is taken into account. Formerly, loading of
+% patterns on the fly didn't work in this format, but with the new
+% loader it does. Unfortunately, the format is not based on \babel,
+% and data could be duplicated, because languages are reassigned above
+% those in the format (nothing serious, anyway). Note even with this
+% format |language.dat| is used (under the principle of a single
+% source), instead of |language.def|.
+%
+% Of course, there is room for improvements, like tools to read and
+% reassign languages, which would require modifying the language list,
+% and better error handling.
+%
+% We need catcode tables, but no format (targeted by \babel) provide a
+% command to allocate them (although there are packages like
+% \textsf{ctablestack}). For the moment, a dangerous approach is used
+% -- just allocate a high random number and cross the fingers. To
+% complicate things, \textsf{etex.sty} changes the way languages are
+% allocated.
+%
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0b}{2013/04/22}{luatex-hyphen is loaded with
+% require. Changes supplied by \'{E}lie Roux.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0c}{2014/03/10}{Defined hook for
+% `initiateactive', to fetch the next token and continue only if
+% letter or other.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0d}{2014/03/21}{Removed the `misfeature' for
+% `initiateactive'.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0e}{2015/05/10}{Use brackets instead of
+% \cs{luaescapestring}.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0e}{2015/07/26}{Added function addpattern
+% and modified the patterns hook.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1a}{2016/01/26}{New hyphenation loader for
+% luatex.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1b}{2016/02/05}{Also lua(e)tex.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1c}{2016/02/08}{Base reading of patterns on
+% number, not in name.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1c}{2016/02/08}{Some hacks for polyglossia. To
+% be improved.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1c}{2016/02/23}{Thoroughly revised.}
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.1d}{2016/4/22}{Lua: Fixed a line break at
+% \cs{foreignlanguage} with unloaded patterns. Added
+% \cs{babelcatcodetablenum}, just in case.}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*luatex>
+\ifx\AddBabelHook\@undefined
+\bbl at trace{Read language.dat}
+\begingroup
+ \toks@{}
+ \count@\z@ % 0=start, 1=0th, 2=normal
+ \def\bbl at process@line#1#2 #3 #4 {%
+ \ifx=#1%
+ \bbl at process@synonym{#2}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at process@language{#1#2}{#3}{#4}%
+ \fi
+ \ignorespaces}
+ \def\bbl at manylang{%
+ \ifnum\bbl at last>\@ne
+ \bbl at info{Non-standard hyphenation setup}%
+ \fi
+ \let\bbl at manylang\relax}
+ \def\bbl at process@language#1#2#3{%
+ \ifcase\count@
+ \@ifundefined{zth@#1}{\count@\tw@}{\count@\@ne}%
+ \or
+ \count@\tw@
+ \fi
+ \ifnum\count@=\tw@
+ \expandafter\addlanguage\csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \language\allocationnumber
+ \chardef\bbl at last\allocationnumber
+ \bbl at manylang
+ \let\bbl at elt\relax
+ \xdef\bbl at languages{%
+ \bbl at languages\bbl at elt{#1}{\the\language}{#2}{#3}}%
+ \fi
+ \the\toks@
+ \toks@{}}
+ \def\bbl at process@synonym at aux#1#2{%
+ \global\expandafter\chardef\csname l@#1\endcsname#2\relax
+ \let\bbl at elt\relax
+ \xdef\bbl at languages{%
+ \bbl at languages\bbl at elt{#1}{#2}{}{}}}%
+ \def\bbl at process@synonym#1{%
+ \ifcase\count@
+ \toks@\expandafter{\the\toks@\relax\bbl at process@synonym{#1}}%
+ \or
+ \@ifundefined{zth@#1}{\bbl at process@synonym at aux{#1}{0}}{}%
+ \else
+ \bbl at process@synonym at aux{#1}{\the\bbl at last}%
+ \fi}
+ \ifx\bbl at languages\@undefined % Just a (sensible?) guess
+ \chardef\l at english\z@
+ \chardef\l at USenglish\z@
+ \chardef\bbl at last\z@
+ \global\@namedef{bbl at hyphendata@0}{{hyphen.tex}{}}
+ \gdef\bbl at languages{%
+ \bbl at elt{english}{0}{hyphen.tex}{}%
+ \bbl at elt{USenglish}{0}{}{}}
+ \else
+ \global\let\bbl at languages@format\bbl at languages
+ \def\bbl at elt#1#2#3#4{% Remove all except language 0
+ \ifnum#2>\z@\else
+ \noexpand\bbl at elt{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
+ \fi}%
+ \xdef\bbl at languages{\bbl at languages}%
+ \fi
+ \def\bbl at elt#1#2#3#4{\@namedef{zth@#1}{}} % Define flags
+ \bbl at languages
+ \openin1=language.dat
+ \ifeof1
+ \bbl at warning{I couldn't find language.dat. No additional\\%
+ patterns loaded. Reported}%
+ \else
+ \loop
+ \endlinechar\m at ne
+ \read1 to \bbl at line
+ \endlinechar`\^^M
+ \if T\ifeof1F\fi T\relax
+ \ifx\bbl at line\@empty\else
+ \edef\bbl at line{\bbl at line\space\space\space}%
+ \expandafter\bbl at process@line\bbl at line\relax
+ \fi
+ \repeat
+ \fi
+\endgroup
+\bbl at trace{Macros for reading patterns files}
+\def\bbl at get@enc#1:#2:#3\@@@{\def\bbl at hyph@enc{#2}}
+\ifx\babelcatcodetablenum\@undefined
+ \def\babelcatcodetablenum{5211}
+\fi
+\def\bbl at luapatterns#1#2{%
+ \bbl at get@enc#1::\@@@
+ \setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup
+ \begingroup
+ \ifx\catcodetable\@undefined
+ \let\savecatcodetable\luatexsavecatcodetable
+ \let\initcatcodetable\luatexinitcatcodetable
+ \let\catcodetable\luatexcatcodetable
+ \fi
+ \savecatcodetable\babelcatcodetablenum\relax
+ \initcatcodetable\numexpr\babelcatcodetablenum+1\relax
+ \catcodetable\numexpr\babelcatcodetablenum+1\relax
+ \catcode`\#=6 \catcode`\$=3 \catcode`\&=4 \catcode`\^=7
+ \catcode`\_=8 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\~=13
+ \catcode`\@=11 \catcode`\^^I=10 \catcode`\^^J=12
+ \catcode`\<=12 \catcode`\>=12 \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`\.=12
+ \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\/=12 \catcode`\[=12 \catcode`\]=12
+ \catcode`\`=12 \catcode`\'=12 \catcode`\"=12
+ \input #1\relax
+ \catcodetable\babelcatcodetablenum\relax
+ \endgroup
+ \def\bbl at tempa{#2}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\@empty\else
+ \input #2\relax
+ \fi
+ \egroup}%
+\def\bbl at patterns@lua#1{%
+ \language=\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1:\f at encoding\endcsname\relax
+ \csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{#1}%
+ \else
+ \csname l@#1:\f at encoding\endcsname
+ \edef\bbl at tempa{#1:\f at encoding}%
+ \fi\relax
+ \@namedef{lu at texhyphen@loaded@\the\language}{}% Temp
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphendata@\the\language}%
+ {\def\bbl at elt##1##2##3##4{%
+ \ifnum##2=\csname l@\bbl at tempa\endcsname % #2=spanish, dutch:OT1...
+ \def\bbl at tempb{##3}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempb\@empty\else % if not a synonymous
+ \def\bbl at tempc{{##3}{##4}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at csarg\xdef{hyphendata@##2}{\bbl at tempc}%
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at languages
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphendata@\the\language}%
+ {\bbl at info{No hyphenation patterns were set for\\%
+ language ‘\bbl at tempa’. Reported}}%
+ {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\bbl at luapatterns
+ \csname bbl at hyphendata@\the\language\endcsname}}{}}
+\endinput\fi
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\%=12
+\catcode`\'=12
+\catcode`\"=12
+\catcode`\:=12
+\directlua{
+ Babel = Babel or {}
+ function Babel.bytes(line)
+ return line:gsub("(.)",
+ function (chr) return unicode.utf8.char(string.byte(chr)) end)
+ end
+ function Babel.begin_process_input()
+ if luatexbase and luatexbase.add_to_callback then
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('process_input_buffer',
+ Babel.bytes,'Babel.bytes')
+ else
+ Babel.callback = callback.find('process_input_buffer')
+ callback.register('process_input_buffer',Babel.bytes)
+ end
+ end
+ function Babel.end_process_input ()
+ if luatexbase and luatexbase.remove_from_callback then
+ luatexbase.remove_from_callback('process_input_buffer','Babel.bytes')
+ else
+ callback.register('process_input_buffer',Babel.callback)
+ end
+ end
+ function Babel.addpatterns(pp, lg)
+ local lg = lang.new(lg)
+ local pats = lang.patterns(lg) or ''
+ lang.clear_patterns(lg)
+ for p in pp:gmatch('[^%s]+') do
+ ss = ''
+ for i in string.utfcharacters(p:gsub('%d', '')) do
+ ss = ss .. '%d?' .. i
+ end
+ ss = ss:gsub('^%%d%?%.', '%%.') .. '%d?'
+ ss = ss:gsub('%.%%d%?$', '%%.')
+ pats, n = pats:gsub('%s' .. ss .. '%s', ' ' .. p .. ' ')
+ if n == 0 then
+ tex.sprint(
+ [[\string\csname\space bbl at info\endcsname{New pattern: ]]
+ .. p .. [[}]])
+ pats = pats .. ' ' .. p
+ else
+ tex.sprint(
+ [[\string\csname\space bbl at info\endcsname{Renew pattern: ]]
+ .. p .. [[}]])
+ end
+ end
+ lang.patterns(lg, pats)
+ end
+}
+\endgroup
+\def\BabelStringsDefault{unicode}
+\let\luabbl at stop\relax
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{encodedcommands}{%
+ \def\bbl at tempa{utf8}\def\bbl at tempb{#1}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\bbl at tempb\else
+ \directlua{Babel.begin_process_input()}%
+ \def\luabbl at stop{%
+ \directlua{Babel.end_process_input()}}%
+ \fi}%
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{stopcommands}{%
+ \luabbl at stop
+ \let\luabbl at stop\relax}
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{patterns}{%
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphendata@\the\language}%
+ {\def\bbl at elt##1##2##3##4{%
+ \ifnum##2=\csname l@#2\endcsname % #2=spanish, dutch:OT1...
+ \def\bbl at tempb{##3}%
+ \ifx\bbl at tempb\@empty\else % if not a synonymous
+ \def\bbl at tempc{{##3}{##4}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at csarg\xdef{hyphendata@##2}{\bbl at tempc}%
+ \fi}%
+ \bbl at languages
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at hyphendata@\the\language}%
+ {\bbl at info{No hyphenation patterns were set for\\%
+ language ‘#2’. Reported}}%
+ {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\bbl at luapatterns
+ \csname bbl at hyphendata@\the\language\endcsname}}{}%
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at patterns@}{}{%
+ \begingroup
+ \bbl at xin@{,\number\language,}{,\bbl at pttnlist}%
+ \ifin@\else
+ \ifx\bbl at patterns@\@empty\else
+ \directlua{ Babel.addpatterns(
+ [[\bbl at patterns@]], \number\language) }%
+ \fi
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at patterns@#1}%
+ \@empty
+ {\directlua{ Babel.addpatterns(
+ [[\space\csname bbl at patterns@#1\endcsname]],
+ \number\language) }}%
+ \xdef\bbl at pttnlist{\bbl at pttnlist\number\language,}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup}}
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{everylanguage}{%
+ \def\process at language##1##2##3{%
+ \def\process at line####1####2 ####3 ####4 {}}}
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{loadpatterns}{%
+ \input #1\relax
+ \expandafter\gdef\csname bbl at hyphendata@\the\language\endcsname
+ {{#1}{}}}
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{loadexceptions}{%
+ \input #1\relax
+ \def\bbl at tempb##1##2{{##1}{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname bbl at hyphendata@\the\language\endcsname
+ {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\bbl at tempb
+ \csname bbl at hyphendata@\the\language\endcsname}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\babelpatterns}
+%
+% This macro adds patterns. Two macros are used to store them:
+% |\bbl at patterns@| for the global ones and |\bbl at patterns@<lang>|
+% for language ones. We make sure there is a space between words
+% when multiple commands are used.
+% \changes{bbunicode~1.0e}{2015/07/26}{Macro \cs{babelpatterns} added}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\@onlypreamble\babelpatterns
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \newcommand\babelpatterns[2][\@empty]{%
+ \ifx\bbl at patterns@\relax
+ \let\bbl at patterns@\@empty
+ \fi
+ \ifx\bbl at pttnlist\@empty\else
+ \bbl at warning{%
+ You must not intermingle \string\selectlanguage\space and\\%
+ \string\babelpatterns\space or some patterns will not\\%
+ be taken into account. Reported}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@empty#1%
+ \protected at edef\bbl at patterns@{\bbl at patterns@\space#2}%
+ \else
+ \edef\bbl at tempb{\zap at space#1 \@empty}%
+ \bbl at for\bbl at tempa\bbl at tempb{%
+ \bbl at fixname\bbl at tempa
+ \bbl at iflanguage\bbl at tempa{%
+ \bbl at csarg\protected at edef{patterns@\bbl at tempa}{%
+ \@ifundefined{bbl at patterns@\bbl at tempa}%
+ \@empty
+ {\csname bbl at patterns@\bbl at tempa\endcsname\space}%
+ #2}}}%
+ \fi}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% Common stuff.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AddBabelHook{luatex}{loadkernel}{%
+<@Restore Unicode catcodes before loading patterns@>}
+\ifx\DisableBabelHook\@undefined\endinput\fi
+\AddBabelHook{babel-fontspec}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchfont}
+\DisableBabelHook{babel-fontspec}
+<@Font selection@>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Layout}
+%
+% \textbf{Work in progress}.
+%
+% Unlike \xetex{}, \luatex{} requires only minimal changes for
+% right-to-left layouts, particularly in monolingual documents (the
+% engine itself reverses boxes -- including column order or headings
+% --, margins, etc.) and with |bidi=basic-r|, without having to patch
+% almost any macro where text direction is relevant.
+%
+% |\@hangfrom| is useful in many contexts and it is redefined always
+% with the |layout| option.
+%
+% There are, however, a number of issues when the text direction is
+% not the same as the box direction (as set by |\bodydir|), and when
+% |\parbox| and |\hangindent| are involved. Fortunately, latest
+% releases of \luatex{} simplify a lot the solution with |\shapemode|.
+%
+% \changes{3.18}{2018/02/14}{\cs{bbl at nextfake}, similar to the old
+% \cs{nextfakemath} in Omega}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl at trace{Redefinitions for bidi layout}
+\ifx\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil\endinput\fi % if no layout
+\ifx\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode % A poor test for bidi=
+ \def\bbl at nextfake#1{%
+ \mathdir\bodydir % non-local, use always inside a group!
+ \bbl at exp{%
+ #1% Once entered in math, set boxes to restore values
+ \everyvbox{%
+ \the\everyvbox
+ \bodydir\the\bodydir
+ \mathdir\the\mathdir
+ \everyhbox{\the\everyhbox}%
+ \everyvbox{\the\everyvbox}}%
+ \everyhbox{%
+ \the\everyhbox
+ \bodydir\the\bodydir
+ \mathdir\the\mathdir
+ \everyhbox{\the\everyhbox}%
+ \everyvbox{\the\everyvbox}}}}%
+ \def\@hangfrom#1{%
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{#1}}%
+ \hangindent\wd\@tempboxa
+ \ifnum\bbl at getluadir{page}=\bbl at getluadir{par}\else
+ \shapemode\@ne
+ \fi
+ \noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\fi
+\IfBabelLayout{tabular}
+ {\def\@tabular{%
+ \leavevmode\hbox\bgroup\bbl at nextfake$% %$
+ \let\@acol\@tabacol \let\@classz\@tabclassz
+ \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv \let\\\@tabularcr\@tabarray}}
+ {}
+\IfBabelLayout{lists}
+ {\def\list#1#2{%
+ \ifnum \@listdepth >5\relax
+ \@toodeep
+ \else
+ \global\advance\@listdepth\@ne
+ \fi
+ \rightmargin\z@
+ \listparindent\z@
+ \itemindent\z@
+ \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@listdepth\endcsname
+ \def\@itemlabel{#1}%
+ \let\makelabel\@mklab
+ \@nmbrlistfalse
+ #2\relax
+ \@trivlist
+ \parskip\parsep
+ \parindent\listparindent
+ \advance\linewidth -\rightmargin
+ \advance\linewidth -\leftmargin
+ \advance\@totalleftmargin \leftmargin
+ \parshape \@ne
+ \@totalleftmargin \linewidth
+ \ifnum\bbl at getluadir{page}=\bbl at getluadir{par}\else
+ \shapemode\tw@
+ \fi
+ \ignorespaces}}
+ {}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Implicitly reverses sectioning labels in bidi=basic-r, because
+% the full stop is not in contact with L numbers any more. I
+% think there must be a better way. Assumes |bidi=basic-r|, but
+% there are some additional readjustments for |bidi=default|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\IfBabelLayout{counters}%
+ {\def\@textsuperscript#1{{% lua has separate settings for math
+ \m at th
+ \mathdir\pagedir % required with basic-r; ok with default, too
+ \ensuremath{^{\mbox {\fontsize \sf at size \z@ #1}}}}}%
+ \let\bbl at latinarabic=\@arabic
+ \def\@arabic#1{\babelsublr{\bbl at latinarabic#1}}%
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=default}%
+ {\let\bbl at asciiroman=\@roman
+ \def\@roman#1{\babelsublr{\ensureascii{\bbl at asciiroman#1}}}%
+ \let\bbl at asciiRoman=\@Roman
+ \def\@Roman#1{\babelsublr{\ensureascii{\bbl at asciiRoman#1}}}%
+ \def\labelenumii{)\theenumii(}%
+ \def\p at enumiii{\p at enumii)\theenumii(}}{}}{}
+<@Footnote changes@>
+\IfBabelLayout{footnotes}%
+ {\BabelFootnote\footnote\languagename{}{}%
+ \BabelFootnote\localfootnote\languagename{}{}%
+ \BabelFootnote\mainfootnote{}{}{}}
+ {}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Some \LaTeX{} macros use internally the math mode for text
+% formatting. They have very little in common and are grouped here, as
+% a single option.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\IfBabelLayout{extras}%
+ {\def\underline#1{%
+ \relax
+ \ifmmode\@@underline{#1}%
+ \else\bbl at nextfake$\@@underline{\hbox{#1}}\m at th$\relax\fi}%
+ \DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeXe}{\mbox{\m at th
+ \if b\expandafter\@car\f at series\@nil\boldmath\fi
+ \babelsublr{%
+ \LaTeX\kern.15em2\bbl at nextfake$_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}}}}
+ {}
+%</luatex>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Auto bidi with \texttt{basic-r}}
+%
+% \changes{3.14}{2017/09/30}{LuaTeX - support for R/AL texts - basic-r}
+%
+% The file \textsf{babel-bidi.lua} currently only contains data. It is
+% a large and boring file and it's not shown here. See the generated
+% file.
+%\iffalse
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*bidi>
+-- Data from Unicode and ConTeXt
+
+Babel = Babel or {}
+
+Babel.ranges={
+ {0x0590, 0x05FF, 'r'},
+ {0x0600, 0x07BF, 'al'},
+ {0x07C0, 0x085F, 'r'},
+ {0x0860, 0x086F, 'al'},
+ {0x08A0, 0x08FF, 'al'},
+ {0xFB1D, 0xFB4F, 'r'},
+ {0xFB50, 0xFDFF, 'al'},
+ {0xFE70, 0xFEFF, 'al'},
+ {0x10800, 0x10C4F, 'r'},
+ {0x1E800, 0x1E8DF, 'r'},
+ {0x1E900, 0x1E95F, 'r'},
+ {0x1F300, 0x1F9FF, 'on'}
+}
+
+Babel.characters={
+ [0x0]={d='bn'},
+ [0x1]={d='bn'},
+ [0x2]={d='bn'},
+ [0x3]={d='bn'},
+ [0x4]={d='bn'},
+ [0x5]={d='bn'},
+ [0x6]={d='bn'},
+ [0x7]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9]={d='s'},
+ [0xA]={d='b'},
+ [0xB]={d='s'},
+ [0xC]={d='ws'},
+ [0xD]={d='b'},
+ [0xE]={d='bn'},
+ [0xF]={d='bn'},
+ [0x10]={d='bn'},
+ [0x11]={d='bn'},
+ [0x12]={d='bn'},
+ [0x13]={d='bn'},
+ [0x14]={d='bn'},
+ [0x15]={d='bn'},
+ [0x16]={d='bn'},
+ [0x17]={d='bn'},
+ [0x18]={d='bn'},
+ [0x19]={d='bn'},
+ [0x1A]={d='bn'},
+ [0x1B]={d='bn'},
+ [0x1C]={d='b'},
+ [0x1D]={d='b'},
+ [0x1E]={d='b'},
+ [0x1F]={d='s'},
+ [0x20]={d='ws'},
+ [0x21]={d='on'},
+ [0x22]={d='on'},
+ [0x23]={d='et'},
+ [0x24]={d='et'},
+ [0x25]={d='et'},
+ [0x26]={d='on'},
+ [0x27]={d='on'},
+ [0x28]={d='on', m=0x29},
+ [0x29]={d='on', m=0x28},
+ [0x2A]={d='on'},
+ [0x2B]={d='es'},
+ [0x2C]={d='cs'},
+ [0x2D]={d='es'},
+ [0x2E]={d='cs'},
+ [0x2F]={d='cs'},
+ [0x30]={d='en'},
+ [0x31]={d='en'},
+ [0x32]={d='en'},
+ [0x33]={d='en'},
+ [0x34]={d='en'},
+ [0x35]={d='en'},
+ [0x36]={d='en'},
+ [0x37]={d='en'},
+ [0x38]={d='en'},
+ [0x39]={d='en'},
+ [0x3A]={d='cs'},
+ [0x3B]={d='on'},
+ [0x3C]={d='on', m=0x3E},
+ [0x3D]={d='on'},
+ [0x3E]={d='on', m=0x3C},
+ [0x3F]={d='on'},
+ [0x40]={d='on'},
+ [0x5B]={d='on', m=0x5D},
+ [0x5C]={d='on'},
+ [0x5D]={d='on', m=0x5B},
+ [0x5E]={d='on'},
+ [0x5F]={d='on'},
+ [0x60]={d='on'},
+ [0x7B]={d='on', m=0x7D},
+ [0x7C]={d='on'},
+ [0x7D]={d='on', m=0x7B},
+ [0x7E]={d='on'},
+ [0x7F]={d='bn'},
+ [0x80]={d='bn'},
+ [0x81]={d='bn'},
+ [0x82]={d='bn'},
+ [0x83]={d='bn'},
+ [0x84]={d='bn'},
+ [0x85]={d='b'},
+ [0x86]={d='bn'},
+ [0x87]={d='bn'},
+ [0x88]={d='bn'},
+ [0x89]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8A]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8B]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8C]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8D]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8E]={d='bn'},
+ [0x8F]={d='bn'},
+ [0x90]={d='bn'},
+ [0x91]={d='bn'},
+ [0x92]={d='bn'},
+ [0x93]={d='bn'},
+ [0x94]={d='bn'},
+ [0x95]={d='bn'},
+ [0x96]={d='bn'},
+ [0x97]={d='bn'},
+ [0x98]={d='bn'},
+ [0x99]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9A]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9B]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9C]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9D]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9E]={d='bn'},
+ [0x9F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xA0]={d='cs'},
+ [0xA1]={d='on'},
+ [0xA2]={d='et'},
+ [0xA3]={d='et'},
+ [0xA4]={d='et'},
+ [0xA5]={d='et'},
+ [0xA6]={d='on'},
+ [0xA7]={d='on'},
+ [0xA8]={d='on'},
+ [0xA9]={d='on'},
+ [0xAB]={d='on', m=0xBB},
+ [0xAC]={d='on'},
+ [0xAD]={d='bn'},
+ [0xAE]={d='on'},
+ [0xAF]={d='on'},
+ [0xB0]={d='et'},
+ [0xB1]={d='et'},
+ [0xB2]={d='en'},
+ [0xB3]={d='en'},
+ [0xB4]={d='on'},
+ [0xB6]={d='on'},
+ [0xB7]={d='on'},
+ [0xB8]={d='on'},
+ [0xB9]={d='en'},
+ [0xBB]={d='on', m=0xAB},
+ [0xBC]={d='on'},
+ [0xBD]={d='on'},
+ [0xBE]={d='on'},
+ [0xBF]={d='on'},
+ [0xD7]={d='on'},
+ [0xF7]={d='on'},
+ [0x2B9]={d='on'},
+ [0x2BA]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C2]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C3]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C4]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C5]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C6]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C7]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C8]={d='on'},
+ [0x2C9]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CA]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CB]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CC]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CD]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CE]={d='on'},
+ [0x2CF]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D2]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D3]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D4]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D5]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D6]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D7]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D8]={d='on'},
+ [0x2D9]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DA]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DB]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DC]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DD]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DE]={d='on'},
+ [0x2DF]={d='on'},
+ [0x2E5]={d='on'},
+ [0x2E6]={d='on'},
+ [0x2E7]={d='on'},
+ [0x2E8]={d='on'},
+ [0x2E9]={d='on'},
+ [0x2EA]={d='on'},
+ [0x2EB]={d='on'},
+ [0x2EC]={d='on'},
+ [0x2ED]={d='on'},
+ [0x2EF]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F0]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F1]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F2]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F3]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F4]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F5]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F6]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F7]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F8]={d='on'},
+ [0x2F9]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FA]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FB]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FC]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FD]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FE]={d='on'},
+ [0x2FF]={d='on'},
+ [0x300]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x301]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x302]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x303]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x304]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x305]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x306]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x307]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x308]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x309]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x30F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x310]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x311]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x312]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x313]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x314]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x315]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x316]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x317]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x318]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x319]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x31F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x320]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x321]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x322]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x323]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x324]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x325]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x326]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x327]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x328]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x329]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x32F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x330]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x331]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x332]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x333]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x334]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x335]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x336]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x337]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x338]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x339]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x33F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x340]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x341]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x342]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x343]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x344]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x345]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x346]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x347]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x348]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x349]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x34F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x350]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x351]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x352]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x353]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x354]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x355]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x356]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x357]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x358]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x359]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x35F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x360]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x361]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x362]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x363]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x364]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x365]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x366]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x367]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x368]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x369]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x36F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x374]={d='on'},
+ [0x375]={d='on'},
+ [0x37E]={d='on'},
+ [0x384]={d='on'},
+ [0x385]={d='on'},
+ [0x387]={d='on'},
+ [0x3F6]={d='on'},
+ [0x483]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x484]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x485]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x486]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x487]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x488]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x489]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x58A]={d='on'},
+ [0x58D]={d='on'},
+ [0x58E]={d='on'},
+ [0x58F]={d='et'},
+ [0x591]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x592]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x593]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x594]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x595]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x596]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x597]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x598]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x599]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59A]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59B]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59C]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59D]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59E]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x59F]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A0]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A1]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A2]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A3]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A4]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A5]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A6]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A7]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A8]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5A9]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5AA]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5AB]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5AC]={d='nsm'},
+ [0x5AD]={d='nsm'},
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+ [0x1EE8E]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE8F]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE90]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE91]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE92]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE93]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE94]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE95]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE96]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE97]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE98]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE99]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE9A]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EE9B]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA1]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA2]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA3]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA5]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA6]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA7]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA8]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEA9]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEAB]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEAC]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEAD]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEAE]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEAF]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB0]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB1]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB2]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB3]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB4]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB5]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB6]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB7]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB8]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEB9]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEBA]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEBB]={d='al'},
+ [0x1EEF0]={d='on'},
+ [0x1EEF1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F000]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F001]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F002]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F003]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F004]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F005]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F006]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F007]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F008]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F009]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F00F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F010]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F011]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F012]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F013]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F014]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F015]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F016]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F017]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F018]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F019]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F01F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F020]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F021]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F022]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F023]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F024]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F025]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F026]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F027]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F028]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F029]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F02A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F02B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F030]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F031]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F032]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F033]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F034]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F035]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F036]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F037]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F038]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F039]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F03F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F040]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F041]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F042]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F043]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F044]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F045]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F046]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F047]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F048]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F049]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F04F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F050]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F051]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F052]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F053]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F054]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F055]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F056]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F057]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F058]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F059]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F05F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F060]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F061]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F062]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F063]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F064]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F065]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F066]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F067]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F068]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F069]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F06F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F070]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F071]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F072]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F073]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F074]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F075]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F076]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F077]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F078]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F079]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F07F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F080]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F081]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F082]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F083]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F084]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F085]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F086]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F087]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F088]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F089]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08D]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08E]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F08F]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F090]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F091]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F092]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F093]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A0]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A6]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A7]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A8]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0A9]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0AA]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0AB]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0AC]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0AD]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0AE]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B6]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B7]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B8]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0B9]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BA]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BB]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BC]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BD]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BE]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0BF]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C6]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C7]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C8]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0C9]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CA]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CB]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CC]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CD]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CE]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0CF]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D6]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D7]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D8]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0D9]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DA]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DB]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DC]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DD]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DE]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0DF]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E0]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E6]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E7]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E8]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0E9]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0EA]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0EB]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0EC]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0ED]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0EE]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0EF]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F0]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F1]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F2]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F3]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F4]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F0F5]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F100]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F101]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F102]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F103]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F104]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F105]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F106]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F107]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F108]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F109]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F10A]={d='en'},
+ [0x1F10B]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F10C]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F16A]={d='on'},
+ [0x1F16B]={d='on'},
+ [0xE0001]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0020]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0021]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0022]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0023]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0024]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0025]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0026]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0027]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0028]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0029]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE002F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0030]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0031]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0032]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0033]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0034]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0035]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0036]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0037]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0038]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0039]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE003F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0040]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0041]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0042]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0043]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0044]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0045]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0046]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0047]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0048]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0049]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE004F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0050]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0051]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0052]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0053]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0054]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0055]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0056]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0057]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0058]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0059]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE005F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0060]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0061]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0062]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0063]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0064]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0065]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0066]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0067]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0068]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0069]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE006F]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0070]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0071]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0072]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0073]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0074]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0075]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0076]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0077]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0078]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE0079]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007A]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007B]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007C]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007D]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007E]={d='bn'},
+ [0xE007F]={d='bn'}
+}
+%</bidi>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%\fi
+%
+% Now the |basic-r| bidi mode. One of the aims is to implement a fast
+% and simple bidi algorithm, with a single loop. I managed to do it
+% for R texts, with a second smaller loop for a special case. The code
+% is still somewhat chaotic, but its behavior is essentially
+% correct. I cannot resist copying the following text from
+% \textsf{Emacs} |bidi.c| (which also attempts to implement the bidi
+% algorithm with a single loop):
+%
+% \begin{quote}
+% Arrrgh!! The UAX\#9 algorithm is too deeply entrenched in the
+% assumption of batch-style processing [...]. May the fleas of a
+% thousand camels infest the armpits of those who design supposedly
+% general-purpose algorithms by looking at their own
+% implementations, and fail to consider other possible
+% implementations!
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% Well, it took me some time to guess what the batch rules in UAX\#9
+% actually mean (in other word, \textit{what} they do and\textit{why},
+% and not only \textit{how}), but I think (or I hope) I've managed to
+% understand them.
+%
+% In some sense, there are two bidi modes, one for numbers, and the
+% other for text. Furthermore, setting just the direction in R text
+% is not enough, because there are actually \textit{two} R modes (set
+% explicitly in Unicode with RLM and ALM). In \babel{} the dir is set
+% by a higher protocol based on the language/script, which in turn
+% sets the correct dir (<l>, <r> or <al>).
+%
+% From UAX\#9: “Where available, markup should be used instead of the
+% explicit formatting characters”. So, this simple version just
+% ignores formatting characters. Actually, most of that annex is
+% devoted to how to handle them.
+%
+% BD14-BD16 are not implemented. Unicode (and the W3C) are making a
+% great effort to deal with some special problematic cases in
+% “streamed” plain text. I don't think this is the way to go --
+% particular issues should be fixed by a high level interface taking
+% into account the needs of the document. And here is where \luatex{}
+% excels, because everything related to bidi writing is under our
+% control.
+%
+% TODO: math mode (as weak L?)
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*basic-r>
+Babel = Babel or {}
+
+require('babel-bidi.lua')
+
+local characters = Babel.characters
+local ranges = Babel.ranges
+
+local DIR = node.id("dir")
+
+local function dir_mark(head, from, to, outer)
+ dir = (outer == 'r') and 'TLT' or 'TRT' -- ie, reverse
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+' .. dir
+ node.insert_before(head, from, d)
+ d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-' .. dir
+ node.insert_after(head, to, d)
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar)
+ local first_n, last_n -- first and last char with nums
+ local last_es -- an auxiliary 'last' used with nums
+ local first_d, last_d -- first and last char in L/R block
+ local dir, dir_real
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Next also depends on script/lang (<al>/<r>). To be set by
+% babel. |tex.pardir| is dangerous, could be (re)set but it
+% should be changed only in vmode. There are two strong's --
+% |strong| = l/al/r and |strong_lr| = l/r (there must be a better
+% way):
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ local strong = ('TRT' == tex.pardir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ local strong_lr = (strong == 'l') and 'l' or 'r'
+ local outer = strong
+
+ local new_dir = false
+ local first_dir = false
+
+ local last_lr
+
+ local type_n = ''
+
+ for item in node.traverse(head) do
+
+ -- three cases: glyph, dir, otherwise
+ if item.id == node.id'glyph' then
+
+ local chardata = characters[item.char]
+ dir = chardata and chardata.d or nil
+ if not dir then
+ for nn, et in ipairs(ranges) do
+ if item.char < et[1] then
+ break
+ elseif item.char <= et[2] then
+ dir = et[3]
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ dir = dir or 'l'
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Next is based on the assumption babel sets the language AND
+% switches the script with its dir. We treat a language block as
+% a separate Unicode sequence. The following piece of code is
+% executed at the first glyph after a `dir' node. We don't know
+% the current language until then.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if new_dir then
+ attr_dir = 0
+ for at in node.traverse(item.attr) do
+ if at.number == luatexbase.registernumber'bbl at attr@dir' then
+ attr_dir = at.value
+ end
+ end
+ if attr_dir == 1 then
+ strong = 'r'
+ elseif attr_dir == 2 then
+ strong = 'al'
+ else
+ strong = 'l'
+ end
+ strong_lr = (strong == 'l') and 'l' or 'r'
+ outer = strong_lr
+ new_dir = false
+ end
+
+ if dir == 'nsm' then dir = strong end -- W1
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \textbf{Numbers.} The dual <al>/<r> system for R is somewhat
+% cumbersome.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ dir_real = dir -- We need dir_real to set strong below
+ if dir == 'al' then dir = 'r' end -- W3
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% By W2, there are no <en> <et> <es> if |strong == <al>|, only
+% <an>. Therefore, there are not <et en> nor <en et>, W5 can be
+% ignored, and W6 applied:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if strong == 'al' then
+ if dir == 'en' then dir = 'an' end -- W2
+ if dir == 'et' or dir == 'es' then dir = 'on' end -- W6
+ strong_lr = 'r' -- W3
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Once finished the basic setup for glyphs, consider the two other
+% cases: dir node and the rest.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ elseif item.id == node.id'dir' then
+ new_dir = true
+ dir = nil
+ else
+ dir = nil -- Not a char
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Numbers in R mode. A sequence of <en>, <et>, <an>, <es> and <cs> is
+% typeset (with some rules) in L mode. We store the starting and
+% ending points, and only when anything different is found (including
+% nil, ie, a non-char), the textdir is set. This means you cannot
+% insert, say, a whatsit, but this is what I would expect (with
+% \textsf{luacolor} you may colorize some digits). Anyway, this
+% behavior could be changed with a switch in the future. Note in the
+% first branch only <an> is relevant if <al>.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if dir == 'en' or dir == 'an' or dir == 'et' then
+ if dir ~= 'et' then
+ type_n = dir
+ end
+ first_n = first_n or item
+ last_n = last_es or item
+ last_es = nil
+ elseif dir == 'es' and last_n then -- W3+W6
+ last_es = item
+ elseif dir == 'cs' then -- it's right - do nothing
+ elseif first_n then -- & if dir = any but en, et, an, es, cs, inc nil
+ if strong_lr == 'r' and type_n ~= '' then
+ dir_mark(head, first_n, last_n, 'r')
+ elseif strong_lr == 'l' and first_d and type_n == 'an' then
+ dir_mark(head, first_n, last_n, 'r')
+ dir_mark(head, first_d, last_d, outer)
+ first_d, last_d = nil, nil
+ elseif strong_lr == 'l' and type_n ~= '' then
+ last_d = last_n
+ end
+ type_n = ''
+ first_n, last_n = nil, nil
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% R text in L, or L text in R. Order of |dir_ mark|'s are relevant: d
+% goes outside n, and therefore it's emitted after. See |dir_mark| to
+% understand why (but is the nesting actually necessary or is a flat
+% dir structure enough?). Only L, R (and AL) chars are taken into
+% account -- everything else, including spaces, whatsits, etc., are
+% ignored:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if dir == 'l' or dir == 'r' then
+ if dir ~= outer then
+ first_d = first_d or item
+ last_d = item
+ elseif first_d and dir ~= strong_lr then
+ dir_mark(head, first_d, last_d, outer)
+ first_d, last_d = nil, nil
+ end
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \textbf{Mirroring.} Each chunk of text in a certain language is
+% considered a ``closed'' sequence. If <r on r> and <l on l>, it's
+% clearly <r> and <l>, resptly, but with other combinations depends on
+% outer. From all these, we select only those resolving <on> $\to$
+% <r>. At the beginning (when |last_lr| is nil) of an R text, they are
+% mirrored directly.
+%
+% TODO - numbers in R mode are processed. It doesn't hurt, but should
+% not be done.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if dir and not last_lr and dir ~= 'l' and outer == 'r' then
+ item.char = characters[item.char] and
+ characters[item.char].m or item.char
+ elseif (dir or new_dir) and last_lr ~= item then
+ local mir = outer .. strong_lr .. (dir or outer)
+ if mir == 'rrr' or mir == 'lrr' or mir == 'rrl' or mir == 'rlr' then
+ for ch in node.traverse(node.next(last_lr)) do
+ if ch == item then break end
+ if ch.id == node.id'glyph' then
+ ch.char = characters[ch.char].m or ch.char
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Save some values for the next iteration. If the current node is
+% `dir', open a new sequence. Since dir could be changed, strong is
+% set with its real value (|dir_real|).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if dir == 'l' or dir == 'r' then
+ last_lr = item
+ strong = dir_real -- Don't search back - best save now
+ strong_lr = (strong == 'l') and 'l' or 'r'
+ elseif new_dir then
+ last_lr = nil
+ end
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Mirror the last chars if they are no directed. And make sure any
+% open block is closed, too.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ if last_lr and outer == 'r' then
+ for ch in node.traverse_id(node.id'glyph', node.next(last_lr)) do
+ ch.char = characters[ch.char].m or ch.char
+ end
+ end
+ if first_n then
+ dir_mark(head, first_n, last_n, outer)
+ end
+ if first_d then
+ dir_mark(head, first_d, last_d, outer)
+ end
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% In boxes, the dir node could be added before the original head, so
+% the actual head is the previous node.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ return node.prev(head) or head
+end
+%</basic-r>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% And here the Lua code for |bidi=basic|:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*basic>
+Babel = Babel or {}
+
+Babel.fontmap = Babel.fontmap or {}
+Babel.fontmap[0] = {} -- l
+Babel.fontmap[1] = {} -- r
+Babel.fontmap[2] = {} -- al/an
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false)
+ return head
+end
+
+require('babel-bidi.lua')
+
+local characters = Babel.characters
+local ranges = Babel.ranges
+
+local DIR = node.id('dir')
+local GLYPH = node.id('glyph')
+
+local function insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.sim and state.eim and state.sim ~= state.eim then
+ dir = ((outer == 'r') and 'TLT' or 'TRT') -- ie, reverse
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+' .. dir
+ node.insert_before(head, state.sim, d)
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-' .. dir
+ node.insert_after(head, state.eim, d)
+ end
+ new_state.sim, new_state.eim = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+local function insert_numeric(head, state)
+ local new
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.san and state.ean and state.san ~= state.ean then
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_before(head, state.san, d)
+ if state.san == state.sim then state.sim = new end
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_after(head, state.ean, d)
+ if state.ean == state.eim then state.eim = new end
+ end
+ new_state.san, new_state.ean = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar)
+ local d -- d is used mainly for computations in a loop
+ local prev_d = ''
+ local new_d = false
+
+ local nodes = {}
+ local outer_first = nil
+
+ local has_en = false
+ local first_et = nil
+
+ local ATDIR = luatexbase.registernumber'bbl at attr@dir'
+
+ local save_outer
+ local temp = node.get_attribute(head, ATDIR)
+ if temp then
+ temp = temp % 3
+ save_outer = (temp == 0 and 'l') or
+ (temp == 1 and 'r') or
+ (temp == 2 and 'al')
+ elseif ispar then
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == tex.pardir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ else
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == tex.textdir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ end
+ local outer = save_outer
+ local last = outer
+ -- 'al' is only taken into account in the first, current loop
+ if save_outer == 'al' then save_outer = 'r' end
+
+ local fontmap = Babel.fontmap
+
+ for item in node.traverse(head) do
+
+ -- In what follows, #node is the last (previous) node, because the
+ -- current one is not added until we start processing the neutrals.
+
+ -- three cases: glyph, dir, otherwise
+ if item.id == GLYPH then
+
+ local chardata = characters[item.char]
+ d = chardata and chardata.d or nil
+ if not d then
+ for nn, et in ipairs(ranges) do
+ if item.char < et[1] then
+ break
+ elseif item.char <= et[2] then
+ d = et[3]
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ d = d or 'l'
+
+ local temp = (d == 'l' and 0) or
+ (d == 'r' and 1) or
+ (d == 'al' and 2) or
+ (d == 'an' and 2) or nil
+ if temp and fontmap and fontmap[temp][item.font] then
+ item.font = fontmap[temp][item.font]
+ end
+
+ if new_d then
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+ attr_d = node.get_attribute(item, ATDIR)
+ attr_d = attr_d % 3
+ if attr_d == 1 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'r'
+ elseif attr_d == 2 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ else
+ outer_first = 'l'
+ last = 'l'
+ end
+ outer = last
+ has_en = false
+ first_et = nil
+ new_d = false
+ end
+
+ elseif item.id == DIR then
+ d = nil
+ -- if node.get_attribute(item, ATDIR) ~= 10000 then
+ new_d = true
+ -- else
+ -- d = 'l'
+ -- new_d = true
+ -- last = 'l'
+ -- end
+
+ else
+ d = nil
+ end
+
+ -- Tengo que basarlo en un comportamiento implicito basado en la
+ -- manipulación del tipo en los dígitos, que de algún modo sean
+ -- aun números, pero no se considere W4 y .....
+ -- if node.get_attribute(item, ATDIR) == 10000 then
+ -- d = 'r'
+ -- end
+
+ -- AL <= EN/ET/ES -- W2 + W3 + W6
+ if last == 'al' and d == 'en' then
+ d = 'an' -- W3
+ elseif last == 'al' and (d == 'et' or d == 'es') then
+ d = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+
+ -- EN + CS/ES + EN -- W4
+ if d == 'en' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'es' or nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'en' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'en'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- AN + CS + AN -- W4 too, because uax9 mixes both cases
+ if d == 'an' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'an' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'an'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- ET/EN -- W5 + W7->l / W6->on
+ if d == 'et' then
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif d == 'en' then
+ has_en = true
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif first_et then -- d may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ first_et = nil
+ has_en = false
+ end
+
+ if d then
+ if d == 'al' then
+ d = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ elseif d == 'l' or d == 'r' then
+ last = d
+ end
+ prev_d = d
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, d, outer_first})
+ else
+ -- Not sure about the following. Looks too 'ad hoc', but it's
+ -- required for numbers, so that 89 19 becomes 19 89. It also
+ -- affects n+cs/es+n.
+ if prev_d == 'an' or prev_d == 'en' then
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, 'on', nil})
+ end
+ end
+
+ outer_first = nil
+
+ end
+
+ -- TODO -- repeated here in case EN/ET is the last node. Find a
+ -- better way of doing things:
+ if first_et then -- dir may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- dummy node, to close things
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+
+ --------------- NEUTRAL -----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local first_on = nil
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+ local item
+
+ local outer_first = nodes[q][3]
+ outer = outer_first or outer
+ last = outer_first or last
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'en' then d = 'r' end
+ if d == 'cs' or d == 'et' or d == 'es' then d = 'on' end --- W6
+
+ if d == 'on' then
+ first_on = first_on or q
+ elseif first_on then
+ if last == d then
+ temp = d
+ else
+ temp = outer
+ end
+ for r = first_on, q - 1 do
+ nodes[r][2] = temp
+ item = nodes[r][1] -- MIRRORING
+ if item.id == GLYPH and temp == 'r' then
+ item.char = characters[item.char].m or item.char
+ end
+ end
+ first_on = nil
+ end
+
+ if d == 'r' or d == 'l' then last = d end
+ end
+
+ -------------- IMPLICIT, REORDER ----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local state = {}
+ state.has_r = false
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+
+ local item = nodes[q][1]
+
+ outer = nodes[q][3] or outer
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+
+ if d == 'nsm' then d = last end -- W1
+ if d == 'en' then d = 'an' end
+ local isdir = (d == 'r' or d == 'l')
+
+ if outer == 'l' and d == 'an' then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ elseif state.san then
+ head, state = insert_numeric(head, state)
+ end
+
+ if outer == 'l' then
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'r' then -- im -> implicit
+ if d == 'r' then state.has_r = true end
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'l' and state.sim and state.has_r then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'l' then
+ state.sim, state.eim, state.has_r = nil, nil, false
+ end
+ else
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'l' then
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'r' and state.sim then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'r' then
+ state.sim, state.eim = nil, nil
+ end
+ end
+
+ if isdir then
+ last = d -- Don't search back - best save now
+ elseif d == 'on' and state.san then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ end
+
+ end
+
+ return node.prev(head) or head
+end
+%</basic>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{The `nil' language}
+%
+% This `language' does nothing, except setting the hyphenation patterns to
+% nohyphenation.
+%
+% For this language currently no special definitions are needed or
+% available.
+%
+% The macro |\LdfInit| takes care of preventing that this file is
+% loaded more than once, checking the category code of the
+% \texttt{@} sign, etc.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*nil>
+\ProvidesLanguage{nil}[<@date@> <@version@> Nil language]
+\LdfInit{nil}{datenil}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When this file is read as an option, i.e. by the |\usepackage|
+% command, \texttt{nil} could be an `unknown' language in which
+% case we have to make it known.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\l at nohyphenation\@undefined
+ \@nopatterns{nil}
+ \adddialect\l at nil0
+\else
+ \let\l at nil\l at nohyphenation
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% This macro is used to store the values of the hyphenation
+% parameters |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\providehyphenmins{\CurrentOption}{\m at ne\m at ne}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The next step consists of defining commands to switch to (and
+% from) the `nil' language.
+% \begin{macro}{\captionnil}
+% \begin{macro}{\datenil}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\captionsnil\@empty
+\let\datenil\@empty
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% The macro |\ldf at finish| takes care of looking for a
+% configuration file, setting the main language to be switched on
+% at |\begin{document}| and resetting the category code of
+% \texttt{@} to its original value.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ldf at finish{nil}
+%</nil>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \section{Support for Plain \TeX\ (\texttt{plain.def})}
+%
+% \subsection{Not renaming \file{hyphen.tex}}
+% As Don Knuth has declared that the filename \file{hyphen.tex} may
+% only be used to designate \emph{his} version of the american
+% English hyphenation patterns, a new solution has to be found in
+% order to be able to load hyphenation patterns for other languages
+% in a plain-based \TeX-format.
+% When asked he responded:
+% \begin{quote}
+% That file name is ``sacred'', and if anybody changes it they will
+% cause severe upward/downward compatibility headaches.
+%
+% People can have a file localhyphen.tex or whatever they like,
+% but they mustn't diddle with hyphen.tex (or plain.tex except to
+% preload additional fonts).
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% The files \file{bplain.tex} and \file{blplain.tex} can be used as
+% replacement wrappers around \file{plain.tex} and
+% \file{lplain.tex} to acheive the desired effect, based on the
+% \pkg{babel} package. If you load each of them with ini\TeX, you
+% will get a file called either \file{bplain.fmt} or
+% \file{blplain.fmt}, which you can use as replacements for
+% \file{plain.fmt} and \file{lplain.fmt}.
+%
+% As these files are going to be read as the first thing ini\TeX\
+% sees, we need to set some category codes just to be able to
+% change the definition of |\input|
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*bplain|blplain>
+\catcode`\{=1 % left brace is begin-group character
+\catcode`\}=2 % right brace is end-group character
+\catcode`\#=6 % hash mark is macro parameter character
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now let's see if a file called \file{hyphen.cfg} can be found
+% somewhere on \TeX's input path by trying to open it for
+% reading...
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\openin 0 hyphen.cfg
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% If the file wasn't found the following test turns out true.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifeof0
+\else
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When \file{hyphen.cfg} could be opened we make sure that
+% \emph{it} will be read instead of the file \file{hyphen.tex}
+% which should (according to Don Knuth's ruling) contain the
+% american English hyphenation patterns and nothing else.
+%
+% We do this by first saving the original meaning of |\input| (and
+% I use a one letter control sequence for that so as not to waste
+% multi-letter control sequence on this in the format).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\a\input
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Then |\input| is defined to forget about its argument and load
+% \file{hyphen.cfg} instead.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \def\input #1 {%
+ \let\input\a
+ \a hyphen.cfg
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Once that's done the original meaning of |\input| can be restored
+% and the definition of |\a| can be forgotten.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \let\a\undefined
+ }
+\fi
+%</bplain|blplain>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now that we have made sure that \file{hyphen.cfg} will be loaded
+% at the right moment it is time to load \file{plain.tex}.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<bplain>\a plain.tex
+%<blplain>\a lplain.tex
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally we change the contents of |\fmtname| to indicate that
+% this is \emph{not} the plain format, but a format based on plain
+% with the \pkg{babel} package preloaded.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<bplain>\def\fmtname{babel-plain}
+%<blplain>\def\fmtname{babel-lplain}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When you are using a different format, based on plain.tex you can
+% make a copy of blplain.tex, rename it and replace \file{plain.tex}
+% with the name of your format file.
+%
+% \subsection{Emulating some \LaTeX{} features}
+%
+% The following code duplicates or emulates parts of \LaTeXe\ that
+% are needed for \babel.
+%
+% \changes{bbplain-1.0s}{2012/12/21}{\cs{loadlocalcfg} not loaded in
+% the format}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*plain>
+\def\@empty{}
+\def\loadlocalcfg#1{%
+ \openin0#1.cfg
+ \ifeof0
+ \closein0
+ \else
+ \closein0
+ {\immediate\write16{*************************************}%
+ \immediate\write16{* Local config file #1.cfg used}%
+ \immediate\write16{*}%
+ }
+ \input #1.cfg\relax
+ \fi
+ \@endofldf}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{General tools}
+%
+% A number of \LaTeX\ macro's that are needed later on.
+%
+% \changes{bbplain-1.0t}{2013/04/10}{Added \cs{@expandtwoargs}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/12/02}{Added \cs{zap at space}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/22}{Added \cs{@nnil}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/22}{Added \cs{@gobbletwo}}
+% \changes{babel~3.9k}{2014/03/22}{Added \cs{protected at edef}}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\long\def\@firstofone#1{#1}
+\long\def\@firstoftwo#1#2{#1}
+\long\def\@secondoftwo#1#2{#2}
+\def\@nnil{\@nil}
+\def\@gobbletwo#1#2{}
+\def\@ifstar#1{\@ifnextchar *{\@firstoftwo{#1}}}
+\def\@star at or@long#1{%
+ \@ifstar
+ {\let\l at ngrel@x\relax#1}%
+ {\let\l at ngrel@x\long#1}}
+\let\l at ngrel@x\relax
+\def\@car#1#2\@nil{#1}
+\def\@cdr#1#2\@nil{#2}
+\let\@typeset at protect\relax
+\let\protected at edef\edef
+\long\def\@gobble#1{}
+\edef\@backslashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\strip at prefix#1>{}
+\def\g at addto@macro#1#2{{%
+ \toks@\expandafter{#1#2}%
+ \xdef#1{\the\toks@}}}
+\def\@namedef#1{\expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname}
+\def\@nameuse#1{\csname #1\endcsname}
+\def\@ifundefined#1{%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+\def\@expandtwoargs#1#2#3{%
+ \edef\reserved at a{\noexpand#1{#2}{#3}}\reserved at a}
+\def\zap at space#1 #2{%
+ #1%
+ \ifx#2\@empty\else\expandafter\zap at space\fi
+ #2}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \LaTeXe\ has the command |\@onlypreamble| which adds commands to
+% a list of commands that are no longer needed after
+% |\begin{document}|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@preamblecmds\@undefined
+ \def\@preamblecmds{}
+\fi
+\def\@onlypreamble#1{%
+ \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\@preamblecmds\expandafter{%
+ \@preamblecmds\do#1}}
+\@onlypreamble\@onlypreamble
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Mimick \LaTeX's |\AtBeginDocument|; for this to work the user
+% needs to add |\begindocument| to his file.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\begindocument{%
+ \@begindocumenthook
+ \global\let\@begindocumenthook\@undefined
+ \def\do##1{\global\let##1\@undefined}%
+ \@preamblecmds
+ \global\let\do\noexpand}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined
+ \def\@begindocumenthook{}
+\fi
+\@onlypreamble\@begindocumenthook
+\def\AtBeginDocument{\g at addto@macro\@begindocumenthook}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We also have to mimick \LaTeX's |\AtEndOfPackage|. Our
+% replacement macro is much simpler; it stores its argument in
+% |\@endofldf|.
+%
+% \changes{babel~3.9h}{2013/11/28}{Set \cs{bbl at opt@hyphenmap} to 0 - we
+% presume hyphenmap=off in plain}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AtEndOfPackage#1{\g at addto@macro\@endofldf{#1}}
+\@onlypreamble\AtEndOfPackage
+\def\@endofldf{}
+\@onlypreamble\@endofldf
+\let\bbl at afterlang\@empty
+\chardef\bbl at opt@hyphenmap\z@
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \LaTeX\ needs to be able to switch off writing to its auxiliary
+% files; plain doesn't have them by default.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\if at filesw\@undefined
+ \expandafter\let\csname if at filesw\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname iffalse\endcsname
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Mimick \LaTeX's commands to define control sequences.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\newcommand{\@star at or@long\new at command}
+\def\new at command#1{%
+ \@testopt{\@newcommand#1}0}
+\def\@newcommand#1[#2]{%
+ \@ifnextchar [{\@xargdef#1[#2]}%
+ {\@argdef#1[#2]}}
+\long\def\@argdef#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@yargdef#1\@ne{#2}{#3}}
+\long\def\@xargdef#1[#2][#3]#4{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{%
+ \expandafter\@protected at testopt\expandafter #1%
+ \csname\string#1\expandafter\endcsname{#3}}%
+ \expandafter\@yargdef \csname\string#1\endcsname
+ \tw@{#2}{#4}}
+\long\def\@yargdef#1#2#3{%
+ \@tempcnta#3\relax
+ \advance \@tempcnta \@ne
+ \let\@hash@\relax
+ \edef\reserved at a{\ifx#2\tw@ [\@hash at 1]\fi}%
+ \@tempcntb #2%
+ \@whilenum\@tempcntb <\@tempcnta
+ \do{%
+ \edef\reserved at a{\reserved at a\@hash@\the\@tempcntb}%
+ \advance\@tempcntb \@ne}%
+ \let\@hash@##%
+ \l at ngrel@x\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\reserved at a}
+\def\providecommand{\@star at or@long\provide at command}
+\def\provide at command#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \escapechar\m at ne\xdef\@gtempa{{\string#1}}%
+ \endgroup
+ \expandafter\@ifundefined\@gtempa
+ {\def\reserved at a{\new at command#1}}%
+ {\let\reserved at a\relax
+ \def\reserved at a{\new at command\reserved at a}}%
+ \reserved at a}%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DeclareRobustCommand{\@star at or@long\declare at robustcommand}
+\def\declare at robustcommand#1{%
+ \edef\reserved at a{\string#1}%
+ \def\reserved at b{#1}%
+ \edef\reserved at b{\expandafter\strip at prefix\meaning\reserved at b}%
+ \edef#1{%
+ \ifx\reserved at a\reserved at b
+ \noexpand\x at protect
+ \noexpand#1%
+ \fi
+ \noexpand\protect
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname\bbl at stripslash#1 \endcsname
+ }%
+ \expandafter\new at command\csname\bbl at stripslash#1 \endcsname
+}
+\def\x at protect#1{%
+ \ifx\protect\@typeset at protect\else
+ \@x at protect#1%
+ \fi
+}
+\def\@x at protect#1\fi#2#3{%
+ \fi\protect#1%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following little macro |\in@| is taken from \file{latex.ltx};
+% it checks whether its first argument is part of its second
+% argument. It uses the boolean |\in@|; allocating a new boolean
+% inside conditionally executed code is not possible, hence the
+% construct with the temporary definition of |\bbl at tempa|.
+%
+% \changes{bbplain-1.0s}{2013/01/15}{Use \cs{bbl at tempa} as
+% documented}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\bbl at tempa{\csname newif\endcsname\ifin@}
+\ifx\in@\@undefined
+ \def\in@#1#2{%
+ \def\in@@##1#1##2##3\in@@{%
+ \ifx\in@##2\in at false\else\in at true\fi}%
+ \in@@#2#1\in@\in@@}
+\else
+ \let\bbl at tempa\@empty
+\fi
+\bbl at tempa
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \LaTeX\ has a macro to check whether a certain package was loaded
+% with specific options. The command has two extra arguments which
+% are code to be executed in either the true or false case.
+% This is used to detect whether the document needs one of the
+% accents to be activated (\Lopt{activegrave} and
+% \Lopt{activeacute}). For plain \TeX\ we assume that the user
+% wants them to be active by default. Therefore the only thing we
+% do is execute the third argument (the code for the true case).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@ifpackagewith#1#2#3#4{#3}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The \LaTeX\ macro |\@ifl at aded| checks whether a file was
+% loaded. This functionality is not needed for plain \TeX\ but we
+% need the macro to be defined as a no-op.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@ifl at aded#1#2#3#4{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For the following code we need to make sure that the commands
+% |\newcommand| and |\providecommand| exist with some sensible
+% definition. They are not fully equivalent to their \LaTeXe\
+% versions; just enough to make things work in plain~\TeX
+% environments.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\@tempcnta\@undefined
+ \csname newcount\endcsname\@tempcnta\relax
+\fi
+\ifx\@tempcntb\@undefined
+ \csname newcount\endcsname\@tempcntb\relax
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% To prevent wasting two counters in \LaTeX$\:$2.09 (because
+% counters with the same name are allocated later by it) we reset
+% the counter that holds the next free counter (|\count10|).
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\bye\@undefined
+ \advance\count10 by -2\relax
+\fi
+\ifx\@ifnextchar\@undefined
+ \def\@ifnextchar#1#2#3{%
+ \let\reserved at d=#1%
+ \def\reserved at a{#2}\def\reserved at b{#3}%
+ \futurelet\@let at token\@ifnch}
+ \def\@ifnch{%
+ \ifx\@let at token\@sptoken
+ \let\reserved at c\@xifnch
+ \else
+ \ifx\@let at token\reserved at d
+ \let\reserved at c\reserved at a
+ \else
+ \let\reserved at c\reserved at b
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \reserved at c}
+ \def\:{\let\@sptoken= } \: % this makes \@sptoken a space token
+ \def\:{\@xifnch} \expandafter\def\: {\futurelet\@let at token\@ifnch}
+\fi
+\def\@testopt#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{#1}{#1[#2]}}
+\def\@protected at testopt#1{%
+ \ifx\protect\@typeset at protect
+ \expandafter\@testopt
+ \else
+ \@x at protect#1%
+ \fi}
+\long\def\@whilenum#1\do #2{\ifnum #1\relax #2\relax\@iwhilenum{#1\relax
+ #2\relax}\fi}
+\long\def\@iwhilenum#1{\ifnum #1\expandafter\@iwhilenum
+ \else\expandafter\@gobble\fi{#1}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Encoding related macros}
+%
+% Code from \file{ltoutenc.dtx}, adapted for use in the plain \TeX\
+% environment.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DeclareTextCommand{%
+ \@dec at text@cmd\providecommand
+}
+\def\ProvideTextCommand{%
+ \@dec at text@cmd\providecommand
+}
+\def\DeclareTextSymbol#1#2#3{%
+ \@dec at text@cmd\chardef#1{#2}#3\relax
+}
+\def\@dec at text@cmd#1#2#3{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter#2%
+ \expandafter{%
+ \csname#3-cmd\expandafter\endcsname
+ \expandafter#2%
+ \csname#3\string#2\endcsname
+ }%
+% \let\@ifdefinable\@rc at ifdefinable
+ \expandafter#1\csname#3\string#2\endcsname
+}
+\def\@current at cmd#1{%
+ \ifx\protect\@typeset at protect\else
+ \noexpand#1\expandafter\@gobble
+ \fi
+}
+\def\@changed at cmd#1#2{%
+ \ifx\protect\@typeset at protect
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname\cf at encoding\string#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname ?\string#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\def\csname ?\string#1\endcsname{%
+ \@changed at x@err{#1}%
+ }%
+ \fi
+ \global\expandafter\let
+ \csname\cf at encoding \string#1\expandafter\endcsname
+ \csname ?\string#1\endcsname
+ \fi
+ \csname\cf at encoding\string#1%
+ \expandafter\endcsname
+ \else
+ \noexpand#1%
+ \fi
+}
+\def\@changed at x@err#1{%
+ \errhelp{Your command will be ignored, type <return> to proceed}%
+ \errmessage{Command \protect#1 undefined in encoding \cf at encoding}}
+\def\DeclareTextCommandDefault#1{%
+ \DeclareTextCommand#1?%
+}
+\def\ProvideTextCommandDefault#1{%
+ \ProvideTextCommand#1?%
+}
+\expandafter\let\csname OT1-cmd\endcsname\@current at cmd
+\expandafter\let\csname?-cmd\endcsname\@changed at cmd
+\def\DeclareTextAccent#1#2#3{%
+ \DeclareTextCommand#1{#2}[1]{\accent#3 ##1}
+}
+\def\DeclareTextCompositeCommand#1#2#3#4{%
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\reserved at a\csname#2\string#1\endcsname
+ \edef\reserved at b{\string##1}%
+ \edef\reserved at c{%
+ \expandafter\@strip at args\meaning\reserved at a:-\@strip at args}%
+ \ifx\reserved at b\reserved at c
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\ifx
+ \expandafter\@car\reserved at a\relax\relax\@nil
+ \@text at composite
+ \else
+ \edef\reserved at b##1{%
+ \def\expandafter\noexpand
+ \csname#2\string#1\endcsname####1{%
+ \noexpand\@text at composite
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname#2\string#1\endcsname
+ ####1\noexpand\@empty\noexpand\@text at composite
+ {##1}%
+ }%
+ }%
+ \expandafter\reserved at b\expandafter{\reserved at a{##1}}%
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\def\csname\expandafter\string\csname
+ #2\endcsname\string#1-\string#3\endcsname{#4}
+ \else
+ \errhelp{Your command will be ignored, type <return> to proceed}%
+ \errmessage{\string\DeclareTextCompositeCommand\space used on
+ inappropriate command \protect#1}
+ \fi
+}
+\def\@text at composite#1#2#3\@text at composite{%
+ \expandafter\@text at composite@x
+ \csname\string#1-\string#2\endcsname
+}
+\def\@text at composite@x#1#2{%
+ \ifx#1\relax
+ #2%
+ \else
+ #1%
+ \fi
+}
+%
+\def\@strip at args#1:#2-#3\@strip at args{#2}
+\def\DeclareTextComposite#1#2#3#4{%
+ \def\reserved at a{\DeclareTextCompositeCommand#1{#2}{#3}}%
+ \bgroup
+ \lccode`\@=#4%
+ \lowercase{%
+ \egroup
+ \reserved at a @%
+ }%
+}
+%
+\def\UseTextSymbol#1#2{%
+% \let\@curr at enc\cf at encoding
+% \@use at text@encoding{#1}%
+ #2%
+% \@use at text@encoding\@curr at enc
+}
+\def\UseTextAccent#1#2#3{%
+% \let\@curr at enc\cf at encoding
+% \@use at text@encoding{#1}%
+% #2{\@use at text@encoding\@curr at enc\selectfont#3}%
+% \@use at text@encoding\@curr at enc
+}
+\def\@use at text@encoding#1{%
+% \edef\f at encoding{#1}%
+% \xdef\font at name{%
+% \csname\curr at fontshape/\f at size\endcsname
+% }%
+% \pickup at font
+% \font at name
+% \@@enc at update
+}
+\def\DeclareTextSymbolDefault#1#2{%
+ \DeclareTextCommandDefault#1{\UseTextSymbol{#2}#1}%
+}
+\def\DeclareTextAccentDefault#1#2{%
+ \DeclareTextCommandDefault#1{\UseTextAccent{#2}#1}%
+}
+\def\cf at encoding{OT1}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Currently we only use the \LaTeXe\ method for accents for those
+% that are known to be made active in \emph{some} language
+% definition file.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127}
+\DeclareTextAccent{\'}{OT1}{19}
+\DeclareTextAccent{\^}{OT1}{94}
+\DeclareTextAccent{\`}{OT1}{18}
+\DeclareTextAccent{\~}{OT1}{126}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The following control sequences are used in \file{babel.def}
+% but are not defined for \textsc{plain} \TeX.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\textquotedblleft}{OT1}{92}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\textquotedblright}{OT1}{`\"}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\textquoteleft}{OT1}{`\`}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\textquoteright}{OT1}{`\'}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\i}{OT1}{16}
+\DeclareTextSymbol{\ss}{OT1}{25}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For a couple of languages we need the \LaTeX-control sequence
+% |\scriptsize| to be available. Because plain \TeX\ doesn't have
+% such a sofisticated font mechanism as \LaTeX\ has, we just |\let|
+% it to |\sevenrm|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\scriptsize\@undefined
+ \let\scriptsize\sevenrm
+\fi
+%</plain>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \Finale
+%
+\endinput
+%
+% Local Variables:
+% mode: doctex
+% coding: utf-8
+% TeX-engine: luatex
+% End:
Property changes on: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/babel20180419.dtx
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/bbcompat.dtx
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/bbcompat.dtx 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/bbcompat.dtx 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
%
% \iffalse
%<*dtx>
-\ProvidesFile{bbcompat.dtx}[2018/02/14 v3.18]
+\ProvidesFile{bbcompat.dtx}[2018/04/25 v3.19]
%</dtx>
%
%% File 'bbcompat.dtx'
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/babel/locale.zip
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic-r.lua
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic-r.lua 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic-r.lua 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -50,7 +50,19 @@
node.insert_after(head, to, d)
end
-function Babel.pre_otfload(head)
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar)
local first_n, last_n -- first and last char with nums
local last_es -- an auxiliary 'last' used with nums
local first_d, last_d -- first and last char in L/R block
Added: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic.lua
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic.lua (rev 0)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic.lua 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+--
+-- This is file `babel-bidi-basic.lua',
+-- generated with the docstrip utility.
+--
+-- The original source files were:
+--
+-- babel.dtx (with options: `basic')
+--
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Javier Bezos and Johannes L. Braams.
+-- Copyright (C) 1989-2012 Johannes L. Braams and
+-- any individual authors listed elsewhere in this file.
+-- All rights reserved.
+--
+-- This file is part of the Babel system.
+-- --------------------------------------
+--
+-- It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+-- conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+-- of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+-- The latest version of this license is in
+-- http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+-- and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+-- version 2003/12/01 or later.
+--
+-- This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+--
+-- The Current Maintainer of this work is Javier Bezos.
+--
+-- The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+-- and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+-- extension |.ins|) which are part of the distribution.
+--
+Babel = Babel or {}
+
+Babel.fontmap = Babel.fontmap or {}
+Babel.fontmap[0] = {} -- l
+Babel.fontmap[1] = {} -- r
+Babel.fontmap[2] = {} -- al/an
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_v(head)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, true)
+ return head
+end
+
+function Babel.pre_otfload_h(head, gc, sz, pt, dir)
+ -- head = Babel.numbers(head)
+ head = Babel.bidi(head, false, dir)
+ return head
+end
+
+require('babel-bidi.lua')
+
+local characters = Babel.characters
+local ranges = Babel.ranges
+
+local DIR = node.id('dir')
+local GLYPH = node.id('glyph')
+
+local function insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.sim and state.eim and state.sim ~= state.eim then
+ dir = ((outer == 'r') and 'TLT' or 'TRT') -- ie, reverse
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+' .. dir
+ node.insert_before(head, state.sim, d)
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-' .. dir
+ node.insert_after(head, state.eim, d)
+ end
+ new_state.sim, new_state.eim = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+local function insert_numeric(head, state)
+ local new
+ local new_state = state
+ if state.san and state.ean and state.san ~= state.ean then
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '+TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_before(head, state.san, d)
+ if state.san == state.sim then state.sim = new end
+ local d = node.new(DIR)
+ d.dir = '-TLT'
+ _, new = node.insert_after(head, state.ean, d)
+ if state.ean == state.eim then state.eim = new end
+ end
+ new_state.san, new_state.ean = nil, nil
+ return head, new_state
+end
+
+-- \hbox with an explicit dir can lead to wrong results
+-- <R \hbox dir TLT{<R>}> and <L \hbox dir TRT{<L>}>
+
+function Babel.bidi(head, ispar, hdir)
+ local d -- d is used mainly for computations in a loop
+ local prev_d = ''
+ local new_d = false
+
+ local nodes = {}
+ local outer_first = nil
+
+ local has_en = false
+ local first_et = nil
+
+ local ATDIR = luatexbase.registernumber'bbl at attr@dir'
+
+ local save_outer
+ local temp = node.get_attribute(head, ATDIR)
+ if temp then
+ temp = temp % 3
+ save_outer = (temp == 0 and 'l') or
+ (temp == 1 and 'r') or
+ (temp == 2 and 'al')
+ elseif ispar then -- Or error? Shouldn't happen
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == tex.pardir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ else
+ save_outer = ('TRT' == hdir) and 'r' or 'l'
+ end
+ local outer = save_outer
+ local last = outer
+ -- 'al' is only taken into account in the first, current loop
+ if save_outer == 'al' then save_outer = 'r' end
+
+ local fontmap = Babel.fontmap
+
+ for item in node.traverse(head) do
+
+ -- In what follows, #node is the last (previous) node, because the
+ -- current one is not added until we start processing the neutrals.
+
+ -- three cases: glyph, dir, otherwise
+ if item.id == GLYPH then
+
+ local chardata = characters[item.char]
+ d = chardata and chardata.d or nil
+ if not d then
+ for nn, et in ipairs(ranges) do
+ if item.char < et[1] then
+ break
+ elseif item.char <= et[2] then
+ d = et[3]
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ d = d or 'l'
+
+ local temp = (d == 'l' and 0) or
+ (d == 'r' and 1) or
+ (d == 'al' and 2) or
+ (d == 'an' and 2) or nil
+ if temp and fontmap and fontmap[temp][item.font] then
+ item.font = fontmap[temp][item.font]
+ end
+
+ if new_d then
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+ attr_d = node.get_attribute(item, ATDIR)
+ attr_d = attr_d % 3
+ if attr_d == 1 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'r'
+ elseif attr_d == 2 then
+ outer_first = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ else
+ outer_first = 'l'
+ last = 'l'
+ end
+ outer = last
+ has_en = false
+ first_et = nil
+ new_d = false
+ end
+
+ elseif item.id == DIR then
+ d = nil
+ new_d = true
+
+ else
+ d = nil
+ end
+
+ -- AL <= EN/ET/ES -- W2 + W3 + W6
+ if last == 'al' and d == 'en' then
+ d = 'an' -- W3
+ elseif last == 'al' and (d == 'et' or d == 'es') then
+ d = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+
+ -- EN + CS/ES + EN -- W4
+ if d == 'en' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'es' or nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'en' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'en'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- AN + CS + AN -- W4 too, because uax9 mixes both cases
+ if d == 'an' and #nodes >= 2 then
+ if (nodes[#nodes][2] == 'cs')
+ and nodes[#nodes-1][2] == 'an' then
+ nodes[#nodes][2] = 'an'
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- ET/EN -- W5 + W7->l / W6->on
+ if d == 'et' then
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif d == 'en' then
+ has_en = true
+ first_et = first_et or (#nodes + 1)
+ elseif first_et then -- d may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ first_et = nil
+ has_en = false
+ end
+
+ if d then
+ if d == 'al' then
+ d = 'r'
+ last = 'al'
+ elseif d == 'l' or d == 'r' then
+ last = d
+ end
+ prev_d = d
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, d, outer_first})
+ else
+ -- Not sure about the following. Looks too 'ad hoc', but it's
+ -- required for numbers, so that 89 19 becomes 19 89. It also
+ -- affects n+cs/es+n.
+ if prev_d == 'an' or prev_d == 'en' then
+ table.insert(nodes, {item, 'on', nil})
+ end
+ end
+
+ outer_first = nil
+
+ end
+
+ -- TODO -- repeated here in case EN/ET is the last node. Find a
+ -- better way of doing things:
+ if first_et then -- dir may be nil here !
+ if has_en then
+ if last == 'l' then
+ temp = 'l' -- W7
+ else
+ temp = 'en' -- W5
+ end
+ else
+ temp = 'on' -- W6
+ end
+ for e = first_et, #nodes do
+ if nodes[e][1].id == GLYPH then nodes[e][2] = temp end
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- dummy node, to close things
+ table.insert(nodes, {nil, (outer == 'l') and 'l' or 'r', nil})
+
+ --------------- NEUTRAL -----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local first_on = nil
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+ local item
+
+ local outer_first = nodes[q][3]
+ outer = outer_first or outer
+ last = outer_first or last
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'en' then d = 'r' end
+ if d == 'cs' or d == 'et' or d == 'es' then d = 'on' end --- W6
+
+ if d == 'on' then
+ first_on = first_on or q
+ elseif first_on then
+ if last == d then
+ temp = d
+ else
+ temp = outer
+ end
+ for r = first_on, q - 1 do
+ nodes[r][2] = temp
+ item = nodes[r][1] -- MIRRORING
+ if item.id == GLYPH and temp == 'r' then
+ item.char = characters[item.char].m or item.char
+ end
+ end
+ first_on = nil
+ end
+
+ if d == 'r' or d == 'l' then last = d end
+ end
+
+ -------------- IMPLICIT, REORDER ----------------
+
+ outer = save_outer
+ last = outer
+
+ local state = {}
+ state.has_r = false
+
+ for q = 1, #nodes do
+
+ local item = nodes[q][1]
+
+ outer = nodes[q][3] or outer
+
+ local d = nodes[q][2]
+
+ if d == 'nsm' then d = last end -- W1
+ if d == 'en' then d = 'an' end
+ local isdir = (d == 'r' or d == 'l')
+
+ if outer == 'l' and d == 'an' then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ elseif state.san then
+ head, state = insert_numeric(head, state)
+ end
+
+ if outer == 'l' then
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'r' then -- im -> implicit
+ if d == 'r' then state.has_r = true end
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'l' and state.sim and state.has_r then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'l' then
+ state.sim, state.eim, state.has_r = nil, nil, false
+ end
+ else
+ if d == 'an' or d == 'l' then
+ state.sim = state.sim or item
+ state.eim = item
+ elseif d == 'r' and state.sim then
+ head, state = insert_implicit(head, state, outer)
+ elseif d == 'r' then
+ state.sim, state.eim = nil, nil
+ end
+ end
+
+ if isdir then
+ last = d -- Don't search back - best save now
+ elseif d == 'on' and state.san then
+ state.san = state.san or item
+ state.ean = item
+ end
+
+ end
+
+ return node.prev(head) or head
+end
Property changes on: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel-bidi-basic.lua
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
\wlog{File: #1 #4 #3 <#2>}%
\let\ProvidesFile\@undefined}
\fi
-\ProvidesFile{babel.def}[2018/02/14 3.18 Babel common definitions]
+\ProvidesFile{babel.def}[2018/04/25 3.19 Babel common definitions]
\ifx\AtBeginDocument\@undefined
\input plain.def\relax
\fi
@@ -1310,6 +1310,7 @@
\let\bbl at KVP@language\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@dir\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@hyphenrules\@nil
+ \let\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil
\bbl at forkv{#1}{\bbl at csarg\def{KVP@##1}{##2}}% TODO - error handling
\ifx\bbl at KVP@captions\@nil
\let\bbl at KVP@captions\bbl at KVP@import
@@ -1337,6 +1338,28 @@
\ifx\bbl at KVP@language\@nil\else
\bbl at csarg\edef{lname@#2}{\bbl at KVP@language}%
\fi
+ \ifx\bbl at KVP@mapfont\@nil\else
+ \bbl at ifsamestring{\bbl at KVP@mapfont}{direction}{}%
+ {\bbl at error{Option `\bbl at KVP@mapfont' unknown for\\%
+ mapfont. Use `direction'.%
+ {See the manual for details.}}}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at lsys@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@lsys{\languagename}}{}%
+ \bbl at ifunset{bbl at wdir@\languagename}{\bbl at provide@dirs{\languagename}}{}%
+ \ifx\bbl at mapselect\@undefined
+ \AtBeginDocument{%
+ \expandafter\bbl at add\csname selectfont \endcsname{{\bbl at mapselect}}%
+ {\selectfont}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapselect{%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
+ \edef\bbl at prefontid{\fontid\font}}%
+ \def\bbl at mapdir##1{%
+ {\def\languagename{##1}\bbl at switchfont
+ \directlua{Babel.fontmap
+ [\the\csname bbl at wdir@##1\endcsname]%
+ [\bbl at prefontid]=\fontid\font}}}%
+ \fi
+ \bbl at exp{\\\bbl at add\\\bbl at mapselect{\\\bbl at mapdir{\languagename}}}%
+ \fi
\let\languagename\bbl at savelangname}
\def\bbl at provide@new#1{%
\@namedef{date#1}{}% marks lang exists - required by \StartBabelCommands
@@ -1476,8 +1499,8 @@
\bbl at exportkey{lfthm}{typography.lefthyphenmin}{2}%
\bbl at exportkey{rgthm}{typography.righthyphenmin}{3}%
\bbl at exportkey{hyphr}{typography.hyphenrules}{}%
- \def\bbl at tempa{0.9}%
- \bbl at csarg\ifx{@kv at identification.version}\bbl at tempa
+ \bbl at xin@{0.9}{\@nameuse{bbl@@kv at identification.version}}%
+ \ifin@
\bbl at warning{%
The `\languagename' date format may not be suitable\\%
for proper typesetting, and therefore it very likely will\\%
@@ -1871,6 +1894,7 @@
\ifodd\bbl at engine % luatex=1
\AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
\DisableBabelHook{babel-bidi}
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir\z@
\def\bbl at getluadir#1{%
\directlua{
if tex.#1dir == 'TLT' then
@@ -1878,7 +1902,7 @@
elseif tex.#1dir == 'TRT' then
tex.sprint('1')
end}}
- \def\bbl at setdir#1#2#3{% 1=text/par.. 2=\textdir.. 3=0 lr/1 rl
+ \def\bbl at setluadir#1#2#3{% 1=text/par.. 2=\textdir.. 3=0 lr/1 rl
\ifcase#3\relax
\ifcase\bbl at getluadir{#1}\relax\else
#2 TLT\relax
@@ -1889,11 +1913,12 @@
\fi
\fi}
\def\bbl at textdir#1{%
- \bbl at setdir{text}\textdir{#1}% TODO - ?\linedir
- \setattribute\bbl at attr@dir{#1}}
- \def\bbl at pardir{\bbl at setdir{par}\pardir}
- \def\bbl at bodydir{\bbl at setdir{body}\bodydir}
- \def\bbl at pagedir{\bbl at setdir{page}\pagedir}
+ \bbl at setluadir{text}\textdir{#1}% TODO - ?\linedir
+ \setattribute\bbl at attr@dir{\numexpr\bbl at thepardir*3+#1}}
+ \def\bbl at pardir#1{\bbl at setluadir{par}\pardir{#1}%
+ \chardef\bbl at thepardir#1\relax}
+ \def\bbl at bodydir{\bbl at setluadir{body}\bodydir}
+ \def\bbl at pagedir{\bbl at setluadir{page}\pagedir}
\def\bbl at dirparastext{\pardir\the\textdir\relax}% %%%%
\else % pdftex=0, xetex=2
\AddBabelHook{babel-bidi}{afterextras}{\bbl at switchdir}
@@ -1955,7 +1980,7 @@
\everypar=\bbl at severypar
\bbl at severypar{\bbl at xeeverypar\the\everypar}}
\fi
-\DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{\leavevmode{\bbl at textdir\z@#1}}
+ \DeclareRobustCommand\babelsublr[1]{\leavevmode{\bbl at textdir\z@#1}}
\bbl at trace{Local Language Configuration}
\ifx\loadlocalcfg\@undefined
\@ifpackagewith{babel}{noconfigs}%
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
%% extension |.ins|) which are part of the distribution.
%%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[2005/12/01]
-\ProvidesPackage{babel}[2018/02/14 3.18 The Babel package]
+\ProvidesPackage{babel}[2018/04/25 3.19 The Babel package]
\@ifpackagewith{babel}{debug}
{\providecommand\bbl at trace[1]{\message{^^J[ #1 ]}}%
\let\bbl at debug\@firstofone}
@@ -186,23 +186,49 @@
\bbl at languages
\fi
\ifodd\bbl at engine
- \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic-r}{% must go before any \DeclareOption
+ \def\bbl at loadbidi#1{%
\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
\AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
\RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
\directlua{
require('babel-bidi.lua')
- require('babel-bidi-basic-r.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-#1.lua')
luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
- Babel.pre_otfload,
- 'Babel.pre_otfload',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
- Babel.pre_otfload,
- 'Babel.pre_otfload',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
- 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)}}{}
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }}
+ \let\bbl at tempa\relax
+ \@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic}}%
+ {\@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\def\bbl at tempa{basic-r}}%
+ {}}
+ \ifx\bbl at tempa\relax\else
+ \let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
+ \AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}%
+ \RequirePackage{luatexbase}%
+ \directlua{
+ require('babel-bidi.lua')
+ require('babel-bidi-\bbl at tempa.lua')
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_v,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_v',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('pre_linebreak_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter',
+ Babel.pre_otfload_h,
+ 'Babel.pre_otfload_h',
+ luatexbase.priority_in_callback('hpack_filter',
+ 'luaotfload.node_processor') or nil)
+ }
+ \fi
\fi
\bbl at trace{Defining option 'base'}
\@ifpackagewith{babel}{base}{%
@@ -262,6 +288,8 @@
\DeclareOption{safe=ref}{\def\bbl at opt@safe{R}}
\ifodd\bbl at engine
\DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
{\let\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode
\newattribute\bbl at attr@dir
\bbl at exp{\output{\bodydir\pagedir\the\output}}%
@@ -268,8 +296,10 @@
\AtEndOfPackage{\EnableBabelHook{babel-bidi}}}
\else
\DeclareOption{bidi=basic-r}%
+ {\ExecuteOptions{bidi=basic}}
+ \DeclareOption{bidi=basic}%
{\bbl at error
- {The bidi method `basic-r' is available only in\\%
+ {The bidi method `basic' is available only in\\%
luatex. I'll continue with `bidi=default', so\\%
expect wrong results}%
{See the manual for further details.}%
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/hyphen.cfg
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/hyphen.cfg 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/hyphen.cfg 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
\wlog{File: #1 #4 #3 <#2>}%
\let\ProvidesFile\@undefined}
\fi
-\ProvidesFile{hyphen.cfg}[2018/02/14 3.18 Babel hyphens]
+\ProvidesFile{hyphen.cfg}[2018/04/25 3.19 Babel hyphens]
\xdef\bbl at format{\jobname}
\ifx\AtBeginDocument\@undefined
\def\@empty{}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
\countdef\last at language=19
\def\addlanguage{\alloc at 9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
\fi
-\toks8{Babel <3.18> and hyphenation patterns for }%
+\toks8{Babel <3.19> and hyphenation patterns for }%
\def\process at line#1#2 #3 #4 {%
\ifx=#1%
\process at synonym{#2}%
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-DZ.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-DZ.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-DZ.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
+version = 1.1
date = 2018-02-05
name.local = العربية
name.english = Arabic
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
+version = 1.1
date = 2018-02-05
name.local = العربية
name.english = Arabic
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Index: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.log
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.log 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.log 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
Property changes on: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-MA.log
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-SY.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-SY.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar-SY.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
+version = 1.1
date = 2018-02-05
name.local = العربية
name.english = Arabic
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arab
+digits.native = ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ar/babel-ar.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arab
+digits.native = ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/as/babel-as.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/as/babel-as.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/as/babel-as.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = অসমীয়া
name.english = Assamese
name.babel = assamese
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = beng
+digits.native = ০১২৩৪৫৬৭৮৯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bn/babel-bn.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bn/babel-bn.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bn/babel-bn.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = বাংলা
name.english = Bangla
name.babel = bengali
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = beng
+digits.native = ০১২৩৪৫৬৭৮৯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bo/babel-bo.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bo/babel-bo.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/bo/babel-bo.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = བོད་སྐད་
name.english = Tibetan
name.babel = tibetan
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ༠༡༢༣༤༥༦༧༨༩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/brx/babel-brx.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/brx/babel-brx.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/brx/babel-brx.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = बड़ो
name.english = Bodo
name.babel = bodo
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ०१२३४५६७८९
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ckb/babel-ckb.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ckb/babel-ckb.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ckb/babel-ckb.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = کوردیی ناوەندی
name.english = Central Kurdish
name.babel = centralkurdish
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arab
+digits.native = ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Added: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dsb/babel-dsb.log
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dsb/babel-dsb.log (rev 0)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dsb/babel-dsb.log 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/W32TeX) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2018.2.14) 22 FEB 2018 18:28
+entering extended mode
+ restricted \write18 enabled.
+**./babel-dsb.ini
+(./babel-dsb.ini
+LaTeX2e <2017-04-15>
+Babel <3.18> and hyphenation patterns for 84 language(s) loaded.
+
+! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.
+
+See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
+Type H <return> for immediate help.
+ ...
+
+l.1 ;
+ This file is part of babel. For further details see:
+? x
+
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 6 strings out of 492981
+ 277 string characters out of 6132766
+ 54251 words of memory out of 5000000
+ 3671 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
+ 3640 words of font info for 14 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
+ 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
+ 5i,0n,4p,74b,14s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
+No pages of output.
+PDF statistics:
+ 0 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
+ 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
+ 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
+
Property changes on: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dsb/babel-dsb.log
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dz/babel-dz.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dz/babel-dz.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/dz/babel-dz.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = རྫོང་ཁ
name.english = Dzongkha
name.babel = dzongkha
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = tibt
+digits.native = ༠༡༢༣༤༥༦༧༨༩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/fa/babel-fa.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/fa/babel-fa.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/fa/babel-fa.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = فارسی
name.english = Persian
name.babel = persian
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/gu/babel-gu.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/gu/babel-gu.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/gu/babel-gu.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ગુજરાતી
name.english = Gujarati
name.babel = gujarati
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ૦૧૨૩૪૫૬૭૮૯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 0.9
+version = 0.91
date = 2017-04-10
name.local = हिन्दी
name.english = Hindi
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ०१२३४५६७८९
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Added: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.log
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.log (rev 0)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.log 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+This is LuaTeX, Version 1.0.4 (TeX Live 2017/W32TeX) (format=lualatex 2018.4.4) 12 APR 2018 18:47
+ restricted system commands enabled.
+**babel-hi.ini
+(./babel-hi.ini
+LaTeX2e <2017-04-15>
+Lua module: luaotfload-main 2017/01/29 2.80001 OpenType layout system.
+Lua module: lualibs 2017-02-01 2.5 ConTeXt Lua standard libraries.
+Lua module: lualibs-extended 2017-02-01 2.5 ConTeXt Lua libraries -- extended co
+llection.(using write cache: C:/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-var/luatex-cache/gene
+ric)(using read cache: C:/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-var/luatex-cache/generic C:
+/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-var/luatex-cache/generic)
+luaotfload | conf : Root cache directory is C:/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-var/lu
+atex-cache/generic/names.
+luaotfload | init : Loading fontloader “fontloader-2017-02-11.lua” from kpse
+-resolved path “c:/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/fontl
+oader-2017-02-11.lua”.
+Lua-only attribute luaotfload at state = 1
+Lua-only attribute luaotfload at noligature = 2
+Lua-only attribute luaotfload at syllabe = 3
+luaotfload | init : Context OpenType loader version “3.027”
+Inserting `luaotfload.node_processor' at position 1 in `pre_linebreak_filter'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.node_processor' at position 1 in `hpack_filter'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.define_font' at position 1 in `define_font'.
+Lua-only attribute luaotfload_color_attribute = 4
+luaotfload | conf : Root cache directory is C:/Aplicaciones/TeXLive/texmf-var/lu
+atex-cache/generic/names.
+Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_sscale_dimens' at position 1 in `luaotfload.patch_
+font'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.aux.patch_cambria_domh' at position 2 in `luaotfload.patch
+_font'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.aux.fixup_fontdata' at position 1 in `luaotfload.patch_fon
+t_unsafe'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_capheight' at position 3 in `luaotfload.patch_font
+'.
+Inserting `luaotfload.rewrite_fontname' at position 4 in `luaotfload.patch_font'
+.
+luaotfload | main : initialization completed in 0.230 seconds
+Babel <3.18.1236> and hyphenation patterns for 1 language(s) loaded.
+
+! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.
+
+See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
+Type H <return> for immediate help.
+ ...
+
+l.1 ;
+ This file is part of babel. For further details see:
+? x
+
+
+Here is how much of LuaTeX's memory you used:
+ 9 strings out of 494480
+ 100000,89155 words of node,token memory allocated 272 words of node memory still in use:
+ 1 hlist, 1 local_par, 1 dir, 1 glue, 1 attribute, 35 glue_spec, 1 attribute_l
+ist, 1 temp nodes
+ avail lists: 2:9,3:1,4:1,7:1
+ 4256 multiletter control sequences out of 65536+600000
+ 14 fonts using 418323 bytes
+ 5i,0n,4p,70b,15s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,100000s
+
+warning (pdf backend): no pages of output.
+
+PDF statistics: 0 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
+ 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 131072)
+ 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 100000000)
+
Property changes on: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/hi/babel-hi.log
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/km/babel-km.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/km/babel-km.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/km/babel-km.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ខ្មែរ
name.english = Khmer
name.babel = khmer
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ០១២៣៤៥៦៧៨៩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kn/babel-kn.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kn/babel-kn.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kn/babel-kn.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ಕನ್ನಡ
name.english = Kannada
name.babel = kannada
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ೦೧೨೩೪೫೬೭೮೯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kok/babel-kok.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kok/babel-kok.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/kok/babel-kok.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = कोंकणी
name.english = Konkani
name.babel = konkani
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ०१२३४५६७८९
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ks/babel-ks.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ks/babel-ks.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ks/babel-ks.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = کٲشُر
name.english = Kashmiri
name.babel = kashmiri
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lo/babel-lo.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lo/babel-lo.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lo/babel-lo.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ລາວ
name.english = Lao
name.babel = lao
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ໐໑໒໓໔໕໖໗໘໙
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lrc/babel-lrc.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lrc/babel-lrc.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/lrc/babel-lrc.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = لۊری شومالی
name.english = Northern Luri
name.babel = northernluri
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ml/babel-ml.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ml/babel-ml.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ml/babel-ml.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = മലയാളം
name.english = Malayalam
name.babel = malayalam
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ൦൧൨൩൪൫൬൭൮൯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mr/babel-mr.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mr/babel-mr.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mr/babel-mr.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = मराठी
name.english = Marathi
name.babel = marathi
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = deva
+digits.native = ०१२३४५६७८९
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/my/babel-my.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/my/babel-my.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/my/babel-my.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = မြန်မာ
name.english = Burmese
name.babel = burmese
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = mymr
+digits.native = ၀၁၂၃၄၅၆၇၈၉
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mzn/babel-mzn.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mzn/babel-mzn.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/mzn/babel-mzn.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = مازرونی
name.english = Mazanderani
name.babel = mazanderani
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ne/babel-ne.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ne/babel-ne.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ne/babel-ne.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = नेपाली
name.english = Nepali
name.babel = nepali
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = deva
+digits.native = ०१२३४५६७८९
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/or/babel-or.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/or/babel-or.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/or/babel-or.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ଓଡ଼ିଆ
name.english = Odia
name.babel = oriya
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ୦୧୨୩୪୫୬୭୮୯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Arab.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Arab.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Arab.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = پنجابی
name.english = Punjabi
name.babel = punjabi-arabic
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Guru.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Guru.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa-Guru.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
name.english = Punjabi
name.babel = punjabi-gurmukhi
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ੦੧੨੩੪੫੬੭੮੯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/pa/babel-pa.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
name.english = Punjabi
name.babel = punjabi
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ੦੧੨੩੪੫੬੭੮੯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ps/babel-ps.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ps/babel-ps.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ps/babel-ps.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = پښتو
name.english = Pashto
name.babel = pashto
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ta/babel-ta.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ta/babel-ta.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ta/babel-ta.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = தமிழ்
name.english = Tamil
name.babel = tamil
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ௦௧௨௩௪௫௬௭௮௯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/te/babel-te.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/te/babel-te.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/te/babel-te.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = తెలుగు
name.english = Telugu
name.babel = telugu
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ౦౧౨౩౪౫౬౭౮౯
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/th/babel-th.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/th/babel-th.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/th/babel-th.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ไทย
name.english = Thai
name.babel = thai
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ug/babel-ug.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ug/babel-ug.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ug/babel-ug.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ئۇيغۇرچە
name.english = Uyghur
name.babel = uyghur
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ur/babel-ur.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ur/babel-ur.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/ur/babel-ur.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = اردو
name.english = Urdu
name.babel = urdu
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/uz/babel-uz-Arab.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/uz/babel-uz-Arab.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/uz/babel-uz-Arab.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = اوزبیک
name.english = Uzbek
name.babel = uzbek-arabic
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = arabext
+digits.native = ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = ,
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Latn.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Latn.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Latn.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = Vai
name.english = Vai
name.babel = vai-latin
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ꘠꘡꘢꘣꘤꘥꘦꘧꘨꘩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Vaii.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Vaii.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai-Vaii.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ꕙꔤ
name.english = Vai
name.babel = vai-vai
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ꘠꘡꘢꘣꘤꘥꘦꘧꘨꘩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/vai/babel-vai.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = ꕙꔤ
name.english = Vai
name.babel = vai
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = ꘠꘡꘢꘣꘤꘥꘦꘧꘨꘩
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/yue/babel-yue.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/yue/babel-yue.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/yue/babel-yue.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 粵語
name.english = Cantonese
name.babel = cantonese
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-HK.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-HK.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-HK.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-simplified-hongkongsarchina
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-MO.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-MO.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-MO.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-simplified-macausarchina
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-SG.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-SG.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans-SG.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-simplified-singapore
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hans.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-simplified
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-HK.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-HK.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-HK.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-traditional-hongkongsarchina
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-MO.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-MO.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant-MO.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-traditional-macausarchina
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh-Hant.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese-traditional
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh.ini
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh.ini 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/locale/zh/babel-zh.ini 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
[identification]
charset = utf8
-version = 1.0
-date = 2017-09-01
+version = 1.1
+date = 2018-04-11
name.local = 中文
name.english = Chinese
name.babel = chinese
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
[numbers]
defaultNumberingSystem = latn
+digits.native = 〇一二三四五六七八九
minimumGroupingDigits = 1
decimal = .
exponential = E
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/luababel.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/luababel.def 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/luababel.def 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -383,9 +383,10 @@
\<bbl@##1dflt@*\bbl at tempa>}}}%
{}}% 1=T - language, already defined
\def\bbl at tempa{%
- \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family.\\%
- Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining\\%
- a new family with \string\babelfont,}}%
+ \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family:\\%
+ \fontname\font\\%
+ Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining a\\%
+ new family with \string\babelfont. Reported}}%
\bbl at foreach\bbl at font@fams{% don't gather with prev for
\bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@\languagename}%
{\bbl at cs{famrst@##1}%
@@ -397,17 +398,20 @@
\\\bbl at font@set\<bbl@##1dflt@\languagename>% the main part!
\<##1default>\<##1family>}}}%
\bbl at ifrestoring{}{\bbl at tempa}}%
-\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang \rmdefault \rmfamily
\bbl at xin@{<>}{#1}%
\ifin@
\bbl at exp{\\\bbl at fontspec@set\\#1\expandafter\@gobbletwo#1}%
\fi
\bbl at exp{%
- \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rm1dflt@lang}
+ \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rmdflt@lang}
\\\bbl at ifsamestring{#2}{\f at family}{\\#3\let\\\bbl at tempa\relax}{}}}
-\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang fnt-opt fnt-nme
+ \let\bbl at tempe\bbl at mapselect
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
\bbl at exp{\<fontspec_set_family:Nnn>\\#1%
{\bbl at cs{lsys@\languagename},#2}}{#3}%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\bbl at tempe
\bbl at toglobal#1}%
\def\bbl at font@rst#1#2#3#4{%
\bbl at csarg\def{famrst@#4}{\bbl at font@set{#1}#2#3}}
@@ -452,6 +456,11 @@
\babel at save\bbl at langfeatures
\edef\bbl at langfeatures{#2,}}}
\bbl at trace{Redefinitions for bidi layout}
+\ifx\@eqnnum\@undefined\else
+ \edef\@eqnnum{{%
+ \unexpanded{\ifcase\bbl at attr@dir\else\bbl at textdir\@ne\fi}%
+ \unexpanded\expandafter{\@eqnnum}}}
+\fi
\ifx\bbl at opt@layout\@nnil\endinput\fi % if no layout
\ifx\bbl at beforeforeign\leavevmode % A poor test for bidi=
\def\bbl at nextfake#1{%
@@ -480,7 +489,7 @@
\fi
\IfBabelLayout{tabular}
{\def\@tabular{%
- \leavevmode\hbox\bgroup\bbl at nextfake$%
+ \leavevmode\hbox\bgroup\bbl at nextfake$% %$
\let\@acol\@tabacol \let\@classz\@tabclassz
\let\@classiv\@tabclassiv \let\\\@tabularcr\@tabarray}}
{}
@@ -516,7 +525,7 @@
{\def\@textsuperscript#1{{% lua has separate settings for math
\m at th
\mathdir\pagedir % required with basic-r; ok with default, too
- \ensuremath {^{\mbox {\fontsize \sf at size \z@ #1}}}}}%
+ \ensuremath{^{\mbox {\fontsize \sf at size \z@ #1}}}}}%
\let\bbl at latinarabic=\@arabic
\def\@arabic#1{\babelsublr{\bbl at latinarabic#1}}%
\@ifpackagewith{babel}{bidi=default}%
@@ -576,6 +585,16 @@
\BabelFootnote\localfootnote\languagename{}{}%
\BabelFootnote\mainfootnote{}{}{}}
{}
+\IfBabelLayout{extras}%
+ {\def\underline#1{%
+ \relax
+ \ifmmode\@@underline{#1}%
+ \else\bbl at nextfake$\@@underline{\hbox{#1}}\m at th$\relax\fi}%
+ \DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeXe}{\mbox{\m at th
+ \if b\expandafter\@car\f at series\@nil\boldmath\fi
+ \babelsublr{%
+ \LaTeX\kern.15em2\bbl at nextfake$_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}}}}
+ {}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `luababel.def'.
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/nil.ldf
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/nil.ldf 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/nil.ldf 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
%% extension |.ins|) which are part of the distribution.
%%
-\ProvidesLanguage{nil}[2018/02/14 3.18 Nil language]
+\ProvidesLanguage{nil}[2018/04/25 3.19 Nil language]
\LdfInit{nil}{datenil}
\ifx\l at nohyphenation\@undefined
\@nopatterns{nil}
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/switch.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/switch.def 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/switch.def 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
\wlog{File: #1 #4 #3 <#2>}%
\let\ProvidesFile\@undefined}
\fi
-\ProvidesFile{switch.def}[2018/02/14 3.18 Babel switching mechanism]
+\ProvidesFile{switch.def}[2018/04/25 3.19 Babel switching mechanism]
\ifx\AtBeginDocument\@undefined
\input plain.def\relax
\fi
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
\countdef\last at language=19
\def\addlanguage{\alloc at 9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
\fi
-\def\bbl at version{3.18}
-\def\bbl at date{2018/02/14}
+\def\bbl at version{3.19}
+\def\bbl at date{2018/04/25}
\def\adddialect#1#2{%
\global\chardef#1#2\relax
\bbl at usehooks{adddialect}{{#1}{#2}}%
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@
{Unknown language `#1'. Either you have\\%
misspelled its name, it has not been installed,\\%
or you requested it in a previous run. Fix its name,\\%
- install it or just rerun the file, respectively}%
+ install it or just rerun the file, respectively. In\\%
+ some cases, you may need to remove the aux file}%
{You may proceed, but expect wrong results}%
\else
\let\bbl at select@type\z@
Modified: trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/xebabel.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/xebabel.def 2018-04-29 23:24:49 UTC (rev 47496)
+++ trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/xebabel.def 2018-04-29 23:29:20 UTC (rev 47497)
@@ -122,9 +122,10 @@
\<bbl@##1dflt@*\bbl at tempa>}}}%
{}}% 1=T - language, already defined
\def\bbl at tempa{%
- \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family.\\%
- Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining\\%
- a new family with \string\babelfont,}}%
+ \bbl at warning{The current font is not a standard family:\\%
+ \fontname\font\\%
+ Script and Language are not applied. Consider defining a\\%
+ new family with \string\babelfont. Reported}}%
\bbl at foreach\bbl at font@fams{% don't gather with prev for
\bbl at ifunset{bbl@##1dflt@\languagename}%
{\bbl at cs{famrst@##1}%
@@ -136,17 +137,20 @@
\\\bbl at font@set\<bbl@##1dflt@\languagename>% the main part!
\<##1default>\<##1family>}}}%
\bbl at ifrestoring{}{\bbl at tempa}}%
-\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at font@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang \rmdefault \rmfamily
\bbl at xin@{<>}{#1}%
\ifin@
\bbl at exp{\\\bbl at fontspec@set\\#1\expandafter\@gobbletwo#1}%
\fi
\bbl at exp{%
- \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rm1dflt@lang}
+ \def\\#2{#1}% eg, \rmdefault{\bbl at rmdflt@lang}
\\\bbl at ifsamestring{#2}{\f at family}{\\#3\let\\\bbl at tempa\relax}{}}}
-\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{%
+\def\bbl at fontspec@set#1#2#3{% eg \bbl at rmdflt@lang fnt-opt fnt-nme
+ \let\bbl at tempe\bbl at mapselect
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\relax
\bbl at exp{\<fontspec_set_family:Nnn>\\#1%
{\bbl at cs{lsys@\languagename},#2}}{#3}%
+ \let\bbl at mapselect\bbl at tempe
\bbl at toglobal#1}%
\def\bbl at font@rst#1#2#3#4{%
\bbl at csarg\def{famrst@#4}{\bbl at font@set{#1}#2#3}}
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