[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r654 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Mon Jun 18 01:41:56 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-06-18 02:41:56 +0300 (Mon, 18 Jun 2018)
New Revision: 654
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
vertical spacing commands
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-17 16:12:04 UTC (rev 653)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-17 23:41:56 UTC (rev 654)
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2018-06-17 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (Spaces) Do vertical spacing commands.
+ Add subsections for \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, and the
+ \bigbreak, etc. Add examples, particularly tricky was \addvspace.
+
2018-06-16 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (Spaces) Did horizontal spacing commands.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-17 16:12:04 UTC (rev 653)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-17 23:41:56 UTC (rev 654)
@@ -382,24 +382,26 @@
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">19 Spaces</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chss-1" href="#g_t_005chss">19.3 <code>\hss</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cspacefactor-1" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">19.4 <code>\spacefactor</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1" href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">19.1 <code>\enspace</code> & <code>\quad</code> & <code>\qquad</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">19.2 <code>\hspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">19.3 <code>\hfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chss-1" href="#g_t_005chss">19.4 <code>\hss</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cspacefactor-1" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040">19.4.1 <code>\@</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">19.4.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.4.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040-1" href="#g_t_005c_0040">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-1" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.5 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_007e-1" href="#g_t_007e">19.6 <code>~</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace">19.7 <code>\thinspace</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">19.8 <code>\/</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">19.9 <code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">19.10 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.6 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_007e-1" href="#g_t_007e">19.7 <code>~</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">19.8 <code>\thinspace</code> & <code>\negthinspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">19.9 <code>\/</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">19.10 <code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">19.11 <code>\bigskip</code> & <code>\medskip</code> & <code>\smallskip</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">19.12 <code>\vfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1" href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">19.12 <code>\bigbreak</code> & <code>\medbreak</code> & <code>\smallbreak</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cvspace-1" href="#g_t_005cvspace">19.13 <code>\vspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">19.14 <code>\vfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">19.15 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">20 Boxes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -11076,8 +11078,8 @@
<p>The outside bars take up 100 points, so the middle needs another
100. In the middle the bar takes up 80 points, so the two
<code>\hspace</code>’s must stretch 20 points. Because the two say
-<code>plus 50pt</code> and <code>plus 10pt</code>, TeX gets 5/6-ths of the
-stretch from the first space and 1/6-th from the second.
+<code>plus 50pt</code> and <code>plus 10pt</code>, TeX gets 5/6 of the
+stretch from the first space and 1/6 from the second.
</p>
<p>The <code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component of a rubber length can contain
a <em>fill</em> component, as in <code>1in plus2fill</code>. This gives the
@@ -11200,7 +11202,7 @@
<a name="index-m_002dwidth"></a>
<a name="index-em"></a>
<a name="index-em-1"></a>
-<p>Two other lengths that are often used are values set by the designer of
+<a name="Lengths_002fem"></a><a name="Lengths_002fen"></a><a name="Lengths_002fex"></a><p>Two other lengths that are often used are values set by the designer of
the font. The x-height of the current font <em>ex</em>, traditionally the
height of the lower case letter x, is often used for vertical
lengths. Similarly <em>em</em>, traditionally the width of the capital
@@ -11535,10 +11537,13 @@
<pre class="example">\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
</pre></div>
-<p>You cannot use this command in math mode or in the argument of many
-commands such as the <code>\section</code> command (see <a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a>
-and see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a>).
+<p>The <code>\par</code> command does nothing in LR mode or a vertical mode but
+it terminates paragraph mode, bringing LaTeX to vertical mode
+(see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
</p>
+<p>You cannot use the <code>\par</code> command in math mode or in the argument
+of many commands, such as the <code>\section</code> command (see <a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a> and see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a>).
+</p>
<p>The <code>\par</code> command differs from the <code>\paragraph</code> command in
that the latter is, like <code>\section</code> or <code>\subsection</code>, a
sectioning unit used by the standard LaTeX documents.
@@ -14182,7 +14187,8 @@
<p>Note that the package <samp>ulem</samp> does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation on CTAN.
+documentation on CTAN. See also <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a> for
+producing a line, for such things as a signature.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code>
@@ -14277,9 +14283,10 @@
<dt><code>\,</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005c_002c"></a>
<a name="index-_005cthinspace"></a>
-<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code>\thinspace</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace">\thinspace</a>).
-Normally <code>3mu</code>, which is 1/6em.
-Can be used in both math mode and text mode.
+<a name="index-thin-space"></a>
+<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace"></a><p>x
+Synonym: <code>\thinspace</code>. Normally <code>3mu</code>, which is 1/6em.
+Can be used in both math mode and text mode (see <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>).
</p>
<p>This space is widely used, for instance between the function and the
infinitesimal in an integral <code>\int f(x)\,dx</code> and, if an author does
@@ -14295,13 +14302,17 @@
</dd>
<dt><code>\!</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005c_0021"></a>
-<p>A negative thin space. Normally <code>-3mu</code>. Math mode only.
+<a name="index-_005cnegthinspace"></a>
+<a name="index-thin-space_002c-negative"></a>
+<p>A negative thin space. Normally <code>-3mu</code>. The <code>\!</code> command is
+math mode only but the <code>\negthinspace</code> command is available for
+text mode (see <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\quad</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-quad"></a>
<a name="index-_005cquad"></a>
-<p>This is 18mu, that is, 1em. This is often used for space
+<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cquad"></a><p>This is 18mu, that is, 1em. This is often used for space
surrounding equations or expressions, for instance for the space between
two equations inside a <code>displaymath</code> environment. It is available
in both text and math mode.
@@ -14309,7 +14320,7 @@
</dd>
<dt><code>\qquad</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cqquad"></a>
-<p>A length of 2 quads, that is, 36mu = 2em. It is available in
+<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cqquad"></a><p>A length of 2 quads, that is, 36mu = 2em. It is available in
both text and math mode.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -15049,54 +15060,100 @@
<a name="index-spaces"></a>
<a name="index-white-space"></a>
-<p>LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
+<p>LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of
+these are best suited to mathematical text; see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>. Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text
+and mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
+chapter.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">Horizontal space
-</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="1">\hspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Horizontal space.
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad" accesskey="1">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Traditional horizontal spaces.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="2">\hfill</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable horizontal space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="2">\hspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Any horizontal space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="3">\hss</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="3">\hfill</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable horizontal space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="4">\spacefactor</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchability of following space
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="4">\hss</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="5">\(SPACE)</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Backslash-space; and explicit space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="5">\spacefactor</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchability of following space
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="6">~</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tie, an unbreakable space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="6">\(SPACE)</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Backslash-space; and explicit space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="7">\thinspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">One-sixth of an em.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="7">~</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tie, an unbreakable space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="8">\/</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Italic correction.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="8">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">One-sixth of an em, and negative one-sixth.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="9">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="9">\/</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Italic correction.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
+</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Vertical space
-</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Inter-paragraph vertical spaces.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Interparagraph vertical spaces.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Interparagraph space and good place to page break
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Vertical space.
+</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable vertical space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Vertical space.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.1 <code>\enspace</code> & <code>\quad</code> & <code>\qquad</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005censpace"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cquad-1"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cqquad-1"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\enspace
+\quad
+\qquad
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Insert a horizontal space of 1/2em, 1em, and 2em. The
+em is a length defined by a font designer, often thought of as being the
+width of a capital M (see <a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).
+</p>
+<p>This puts an appropriate between two graphics.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{center}
+ \includegraphics{womensmile.png}%
+ \qquad\includegraphics{mensmile.png}
+\end{center}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See also <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cquad">Spacing in math mode/\quad</a> and <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cqquad">Spacing in math mode/\qquad</a>. These are lengths from centuries of typesetting and
+so may be a better choice in many circumstances than arbitrary lengths,
+such as you get with <code>\hspace</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="g_t_005chspace"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.2 <code>\hspace</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chspace"></a>
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\hspace{<var>length</var>}
@@ -15156,7 +15213,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hss</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.3 <code>\hfill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chfill"></a>
@@ -15207,7 +15264,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="n" rel="next">\spacefactor</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chss-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.3 <code>\hss</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.4 <code>\hss</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chss"></a>
<a name="index-horizontal-space"></a>
@@ -15245,7 +15302,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\(SPACE)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hss</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cspacefactor-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.4 <code>\spacefactor</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></h3>
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
@@ -15327,7 +15384,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_0040-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">19.4.1 <code>\@</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005c_0040"></a>
<a name="index-at_002dsign"></a>
@@ -15355,7 +15412,7 @@
<pre class="example">The songs \textit{Red Guitar}, etc.\ are by Loudon Wainwright~III\@.
</pre></div>
-<p>The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceeded by a
+<p>The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceded by a
capital. We tell LaTeX that it ends the sentence by putting
<code>\@</code> before it. The first period ends the abbreviation
‘<samp>etc.</samp>’ but not the sentence. The backslash-space, <code>\ </code>,
@@ -15394,7 +15451,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="n" rel="next">\normalsfcodes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\@</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">19.4.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cfrenchspacing"></a>
<a name="index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></a>
@@ -15416,7 +15473,7 @@
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than the space between words
that are in the middle of a sentence. Declaring <code>\frenchspacing</code>
-(the command is from Plain TeX) swithces to the tradition that all
+(the command is from Plain TeX) switches to the tradition that all
spaces are treated equally.
</p>
@@ -15427,7 +15484,7 @@
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up">\spacefactor</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">19.4.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cnormalsfcodes"></a>
<a name="index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1"></a>
@@ -15449,7 +15506,7 @@
Next: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="n" rel="next">~</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\spacefactor</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.5 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.6 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cNEWLINE"></a>
<a name="index-_005cSPACE"></a>
@@ -15503,27 +15560,26 @@
<a name="g_t_007e"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\(SPACE)</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\(SPACE)</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_007e-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.6 <code>~</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.7 <code>~</code></h3>
<a name="index-_007e"></a>
<a name="index-tie"></a>
+<a name="index-space_002c-hard"></a>
<a name="index-space_002c-unbreakable"></a>
-<a name="index-unbreakable-space"></a>
-<a name="index-hard-space"></a>
<a name="index-NBSP"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"><var>before</var>~<var>after</var>
+<pre class="example"><var>before</var>~<var>after</var>
</pre></div>
-<p>The <em>tie</em> character, <code>~</code>, produces a space between <var>before</var>
-and <var>after</var> at which the line will not be broken. By default the
-white space has length 3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus
+<p>The tie character, <code>~</code>, produces a space between <var>before</var> and
+<var>after</var> at which the line will not be broken. By default the white
+space has length 3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus
1.11111pt (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
</p>
<p>Here LaTeX will not break the line between the final two words.
@@ -15532,40 +15588,43 @@
<pre class="example">Thanks to Prof.~Lerman.
</pre></div>
-<p>In addition, despite the period, LaTeX does not use the end-of-sentence
-spacing (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
+<p>In addition, despite the period, LaTeX does not use the
+end-of-sentence spacing (see <a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>).
</p>
<p>Ties prevent the end of line separation of things where that could cause
-confusion. But they also reduce LaTeX’s options when it breaks lines
-into paragraphs, so you can use too many. They are also matters of
-sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste. Nevertheless, here are some usage
-models, many of them from the TeXbook.
+confusion. But they also reduce LaTeX’s options when it breaks lines
+into paragraphs, so you can use too many. They are also matters of
+taste, sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste, among readers. Nevertheless,
+here are some usage models, many of them from the TeXbook.
</p>
<ul>
<li> Between an enumerator and its item, such as in references:
<code>Chapter~12</code>, or <code>Theorem~\ref{th:Wilsons}</code>, or
-<code>Figure~\ref{fig:KGraph}</code>. When cases are enumerated inline:
+<code>Figure~\ref{fig:KGraph}</code>. When cases are enumerated inline:
<code>(b)~Show that $f(x)$ is (1)~continuous, and (2)~bounded</code>.
+<a name="index-package_002c-siunitx"></a>
+<a name="index-siunitx-package"></a>
+
</li><li> Between a number and its unit: <code>$745.7.8$~watts</code> (the
<samp>siunitx</samp> package has a special facility for this) or
-<code>144~eggs</code>. This includes between a month and a date:
-<code>October~12</code> or <code>12~Oct</code>. In general, in any expressions
-where numbers and abbreviations or symbols are separated by a space:
+<code>144~eggs</code>. This includes between a month and a date:
+<code>October~12</code> or <code>12~Oct</code>. In general, in any expressions where
+numbers and abbreviations or symbols are separated by a space:
<code>AD~565</code>, or <code>2:50~pm</code>, or <code>Boeing~747</code>, or
<code>268~Plains Road</code>, or <code>\$$1.4$~billion</code>.
</li><li> When mathematical phrases are rendered in words: <code>equals~$n$</code>, or
<code>less than~$\epsilon$</code>, or <code>given~$X$</code>, or <code>modulo~$p^e$
for all large~$n$</code> (but compare <code>is~$15$</code> with <code>is $15$~times
-the height</code>). Between mathematical symbols in apposition with nouns:
-<code>dimension~$d$</code> or <code>function~$f(x)$</code> (but compare with
-<code>length $l$~or more</code>). When a symbol is a tightly bound object of
-a preposition: <code>of~$x$</code>, or <code>from $0$ to~$1$</code>, or <code>in
+the height</code>). Between mathematical symbols in apposition with nouns:
+<code>dimension~$d$</code> or <code>function~$f(x)$</code> (but compare <code>with
+length $l$~or more</code>). When a symbol is a tightly bound object of a
+preposition: <code>of~$x$</code>, or <code>from $0$ to~$1$</code>, or <code>in
common with~$m$</code>.
</li><li> Between symbols in series: <code>$1$,~$2$, or~$3$</code> or <code>$1$,~$2$,
-\dots,~$n$</code>.
+\ldots,~$n$</code>.
</li><li> Between a person’s forenames and between multiple surnames:
<code>Donald~E. Knuth</code>, or <code>Luis~I. Trabb~Pardo</code>, or
@@ -15579,44 +15638,55 @@
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005cthinspace"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next">\/</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="p" rel="prev">~</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cthinspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.7 <code>\thinspace</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.8 <code>\thinspace</code> & <code>\negthinspace</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cthinspace-1"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cnegthinspace-1"></a>
+<a name="index-thin-space-1"></a>
+<a name="index-space_002c-thin"></a>
+<a name="index-thin-space_002c-negative-1"></a>
+<a name="index-space_002c-negative-thin"></a>
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\thinspace
+\negthinspace
</pre></div>
-<p>Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6em. This is the
-text mode equivalent of <code>\,</code> (see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace">Spacing in math mode/\thinspace</a>).
+<p>Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6em and
+-1/6em. These are the text mode equivalents of <code>\,</code> and
+<code>\!</code> (see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace">Spacing in math mode/\thinspace</a>). You can use
+<code>\,</code> as a synonym for <code>\thinspace</code> in text mode.
</p>
-<p>This is the space traditionally used between nested quotes.
+<p>The <code>\negthinspace</code> command is used in text mode mostly for
+fiddling with spaces. One common use of <code>\thinspace</code> is as the
+space between nested quotes.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Killick replied, ``I heard the Captain say, `Ahoy there.'\thinspace''
</pre></div>
-<p>Some style guides call for a <code>\thinspace</code> between an ellipsis and a
-sentence ending period (other style guides, though, think the three
-periods are quite enough already).
+<p>Another use is that some style guides call for a <code>\thinspace</code>
+between an ellipsis and a sentence ending period (other style guides,
+though, think the three dots are quite enough already). Still another
+use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005c_002f"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\thinspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_002f-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.8 <code>\/</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.9 <code>\/</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005c_002f"></a>
<a name="index-italic-correction"></a>
@@ -15662,10 +15732,10 @@
<a name="g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addvspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\/</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\/</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.9 <code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.10 <code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chrulefill"></a>
<a name="index-_005cdotfill"></a>
@@ -15720,48 +15790,10 @@
</p>
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005caddvspace"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="g_t_005caddvspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.10 <code>\addvspace</code></h3>
-
-<a name="index-_005caddvspace"></a>
-<a name="index-vertical-space"></a>
-<a name="index-space_002c-inserting-vertical"></a>
-
-<p>Synopsis:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\addvspace{<var>length</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Add a vertical space of height <var>length</var>. This is a rubber length
-(see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>). However, if vertical space has already been added to
-the same point in the output by a previous <code>\addvspace</code> command
-then this command will not add more space than what is needed to make
-the natural length of the total vertical space equal to <var>length</var>.
-</p>
-<p>You can use this command to adjust the vertical space above or below an
-environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a Theorem
-environment is defined to begin and end with <code>\addvspace{...}</code> so
-that two consecutive Theorem’s are separated by one vertical space, not
-two.
-</p>
-<p>This command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
-</p>
-<p>The error ‘<samp>Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item</samp>’ means that
-you were not in vertical mode when you invoked this command; one way to
-change that is to precede this command with a <code>\par</code> command.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\addvspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hrulefill & \dotfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">19.11 <code>\bigskip</code> & <code>\medskip</code> & <code>\smallskip</code></h3>
@@ -15774,9 +15806,23 @@
\smallskip
</pre></div>
-<p>Produce a given amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or
-small, as specified by the document class.
+<p>Produce an amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or
+small. These commands are fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
+<p>Here the skip suggests the passage of time.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">Mr Saumarez would have something rude to say to him, no doubt: he was at home
+again, and it was delightful.
+
+\bigskip
+``A hundred and fifty-seven miles and one third, in twenty-four hours,''
+said Peter.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Each command is associated with a length defined in the document class
+file.
+</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>\bigskip</code>
<a name="index-_005cbigskip"></a>
@@ -15791,9 +15837,9 @@
<a name="index-_005cmedskip"></a>
</dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmedskipamount"></a>
-<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of
-a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the <code>book</code>
-and <code>article</code> classes is <code>6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>).
+<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of a
+line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the <code>book</code>
+and <code>article</code> classes is <code>6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\smallskip</code>
@@ -15801,64 +15847,71 @@
</dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005csmallskipamount"></a>
<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
-quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
-<code>book</code> and <code>article</code> classes is <code>3pt plus 1pt minus
-1pt</code>).
+quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
+<code>book</code> and <code>article</code> classes is <code>3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
+<p>Because each command is a <code>\vspace</code>, if you use on in mid-paragraph
+then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
+it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
+these are best between paragraphs.
+</p>
+<p>The commands <code>\bigbreak</code>, <code>\medbreak</code>, and <code>\smallbreak</code>
+are similar but also suggest to LaTeX that this is a good place to
+put a page break (see <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</a>.
+</p>
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005cvfill"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cvfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.12 <code>\vfill</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.12 <code>\bigbreak</code> & <code>\medbreak</code> & <code>\smallbreak</code></h3>
-<a name="index-_005cvfill"></a>
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\bigbreak
+\medbreak
+\smallbreak
+</pre></div>
-<a name="index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical"></a>
-<a name="index-infinite-vertical-stretch"></a>
-
-<p>End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length
-(see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>) that is infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far
-as needed.
+<p>Produce a vertical space that is big or medium-sized or small, and
+suggest to LaTeX that this is a good place to break the page. (The
+associated penalties are -200, -100, and -50.)
</p>
-<p>It is often used in the same way as <code>\vspace{\fill}</code>, except that
-<code>\vfill</code> ends the current paragraph, whereas
-<code>\vspace{\fill}</code> adds the infinite vertical space below its line
-irrespective of the paragraph structure. In both cases that space will
-disappear at a page boundary; to circumvent this see <a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>.
+<p>See <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip</a> for more. These commands
+produce the same vertical space but differ in that they also remove a
+preceding vertical space if it is less than what they would insert (as
+with <code>\addvspace</code>). In addition, they terminate a paragraph where
+they are used: this example
</p>
-<p>In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines contain
-the text ‘<samp>Lost Dog!</samp>’ and the third ‘<samp>Lost Dog!</samp>’ is exactly
-halfway between them.
-</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{document}
-Lost Dog!
-\vfill
-Lost Dog!
-\vfill
-Lost Dog!
-\end{document}
+<pre class="example">abc\bigbreak def ghi
+
+jkl mno pqr
</pre></div>
+<p>will output three paragraphs, the first ending in ‘<samp>abc</samp>’ and the
+second starting, after an extra vertical space and a paragraph indent,
+with ‘<samp>def</samp>’.
+</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cvspace"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\vfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvspace-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">19.13 <code>\vspace</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cvspace"></a>
-<a name="index-vertical-space-1"></a>
+<a name="index-vertical-space"></a>
<a name="index-space_002c-vertical"></a>
<p>Synopsis, one of:
@@ -15885,7 +15938,7 @@
spaces.)
</p>
<p>The <code>*</code>-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
-precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break. The
+precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
<code>*</code>-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
between the two questions.
</p>
@@ -15899,9 +15952,10 @@
<p>That space will be present even if the page break happens to fall
between the questions.
</p>
-<p>If <code>\vspace</code> is used in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
-horizontal mode), the space is inserted <em>after</em> the line with
-the <code>\vspace</code> command. A new paragraph is not started.
+<p>If you use <code>\vspace</code> in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
+horizontal mode) then the space is inserted after the line with the
+<code>\vspace</code> command; it does not start a new paragraph at the
+<code>\vspace</code> command.
</p>
<p>In this example the two questions will be evenly spaced vertically on
the page, with at least one inch of space below each.
@@ -15918,6 +15972,116 @@
<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cvfill"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addvspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\vspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cvfill-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.14 <code>\vfill</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005cvfill"></a>
+
+<a name="index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical"></a>
+<a name="index-infinite-vertical-stretch"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\vfill
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length that is
+infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far as needed
+(see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
+</p>
+<p>It is often used in the same way as <code>\vspace{\fill}</code>, except that
+<code>\vfill</code> ends the current paragraph whereas <code>\vspace{\fill}</code>
+adds the infinite vertical space below its line, irrespective of the
+paragraph structure. In both cases that space will disappear at a page
+boundary; to circumvent this see <a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>.
+</p>
+<p>In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines contain
+the text ‘<samp>Lost Dog!</samp>’ and the third ‘<samp>Lost Dog!</samp>’ is exactly
+halfway between them.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{document}
+Lost Dog!
+\vfill
+Lost Dog!
+\vfill
+Lost Dog!
+\end{document}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005caddvspace"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\vfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005caddvspace-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.15 <code>\addvspace</code></h3>
+
+<a name="index-_005caddvspace"></a>
+<a name="index-vertical-space-1"></a>
+<a name="index-space_002c-inserting-vertical"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\addvspace{<var>vert-length</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Add a vertical space of height <var>vert-length</var>. This is a rubber
+length (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>). However, if vertical space has already been
+added to the same point in the output by a previous <code>\addvspace</code>
+command then this command will only add whatever more space is needed to
+make the natural length of the total vertical space equal to
+<var>vert-length</var>. This command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
+</p>
+<p>This example illustrates. The <code>picture</code> draws a scale. In a
+standard LaTeX article the length <code>\baselineskip</code> is 12pt.
+The two rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the
+<code>\baselineskip</code> and the 10pt from the first <code>addvspace</code>.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{color}
+\begin{document}
+\setlength{\unitlength}{2pt}%
+\noindent\begin{picture}(0,0)%
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-1){25}{{\color{blue}\line(1,0){1}}}
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-5){6}{{\color{red}\line(1,0){2}}}
+\end{picture}%
+\rule{0.25\linewidth}{0.1pt}%
+\par\addvspace{10pt}% \addvspace{20pt}%
+\par\noindent\rule{0.25\linewidth}{0.1pt}%
+\end{document}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Now uncomment the second <code>\addvspace</code>. It does not make the gap
+20pt longer; instead to the 10pt this second one only adds
+enough to make the gap the sum of <code>\baselineskip</code> and 20pt.
+So <code>\addvspace</code> in a sense does the opposite of its name — it
+makes sure that multiple vertical spaces do not accumulate, but instead
+that only the largest one is used.
+</p>
+<p>LaTeX uses this command to adjust the vertical space above or below
+an environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a
+<code>theorem</code> environment begins and ends with <code>\addvspace</code> so
+that two consecutive <code>theorem</code>’s are separated by one vertical
+space, not two.
+</p>
+<p>A error ‘<samp>Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item</samp>’ pointing to an
+<code>\addvspace</code> means that you were not in vertical mode when you hit
+this command. One way to change that is to precede <code>\addvspace</code>
+with a <code>\par</code> command (see <a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a>), as in the above example.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="Boxes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
@@ -15976,7 +16140,8 @@
</pre></div>
<p>Create a box, a container for material. The <var>text</var> is not broken
-into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
+into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. The <code>\mbox</code>
+command is robust, while <code>\makebox</code> is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
<p>In this example, LaTeX will not hyphenate the name of the table,
‘<samp>T-4</samp>’.
@@ -16016,8 +16181,8 @@
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>s</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Stretch (justify) <var>text</var> across entire <var>width</var>; <var>text</var> must
-contain stretchable space for this to work.
+<dd><p>Stretch the interword space in <var>text</var> across the entire <var>width</var>;
+<var>text</var> must contain stretchable space for this to work.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -20149,8 +20314,6 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>`</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>~</b></a>
-
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -20226,9 +20389,6 @@
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-5">`</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027-index-entries">‘see’ and ‘see also’ index entries</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-6">~</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007e">~</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abstracts">abstracts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents">accents</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -20741,6 +20901,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication_002c-discretionary">multiplication, discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NBSP">NBSP</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nested-_005cinclude_002c-not-allowed">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include & \includeonly</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new-class-commands">new class commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new-command_002c-check">new command, check</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -20840,6 +21001,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-pict2e"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>pict2e</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-setspace"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>setspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-showidx"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>showidx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>siunitx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-symbols"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>symbols</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcomp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -20982,13 +21144,18 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-single-low_002d9-quotation-mark">single low-9 quotation mark</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-single-quote_002c-straight">single quote, straight</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-single-right-quote">single right quote</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-siunitx-package"><code>siunitx</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sizes-of-text">sizes of text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-skip-register_002c-plain-TeX">skip register, plain TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-font">slanted font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment">sloppypar environment</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-small-caps-font">small caps font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-hard">space, hard</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-horizontal">space, inserting horizontal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-vertical">space, inserting vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-negative-thin">space, negative thin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-thin">space, thin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-unbreakable">space, unbreakable</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-vertical">space, vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces">spaces</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spaces">Spaces</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
@@ -21057,8 +21224,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem_002dlike-environment">theorem-like environment</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-defining">theorems, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-typesetting">theorems, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thin-space">thin space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thin-space-1">thin space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative">thin space, negative</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative-1">thin space, negative</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thorn_002c-Icelandic-letter">thorn, Icelandic letter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-three_002dquarters-em_002ddash">three-quarters em-dash</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tie">tie</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tie_002dafter-accent">tie-after accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tilde-accent">tilde accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tilde-accent_002c-math">tilde accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -21109,8 +21281,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-double_002c-in-text">vertical bar, double, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-in-text">vertical bar, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-mode">vertical mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-space">vertical space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-space-1">vertical space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-space">vertical space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-space-1">vertical space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs">vertical space before paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent & \parskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-visible-space">visible space</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-visible-space-symbol_002c-in-text">visible space symbol, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -21140,8 +21312,6 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>`</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>~</b></a>
-
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -21222,6 +21392,8 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-11"><b>~</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -21526,6 +21698,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cend"><code>\end</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cendinput"><code>\endinput</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cendinput">\endinput</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cenlargethispage"><code>\enlargethispage</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005censpace"><code>\enspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cenumi"><code>\enumi</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cenumii"><code>\enumii</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cenumiii"><code>\enumiii</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
@@ -21784,6 +21957,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnearrow"><code>\nearrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat"><code>\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cneg"><code>\neg</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace"><code>\negthinspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace-1"><code>\negthinspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cneq"><code>\neq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewcommand"><code>\newcommand</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnewcounter"><code>\newcounter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
@@ -21902,7 +22077,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cput"><code>\put</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cput">\put</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cqbezier"><code>\qbezier</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cqbezier">\qbezier</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cqquad"><code>\qquad</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cqquad-1"><code>\qquad</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cquad"><code>\quad</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cquad-1"><code>\quad</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace & \quad & \qquad</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029"><code>\quotedblbase <span class="roman">(„)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029"><code>\quotesinglbase <span class="roman">(‚)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029"><code>\r <span class="roman">(ring accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -22095,7 +22272,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthickspace"><code>\thickspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthinlines"><code>\thinlines</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinlines">\thinlines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace"><code>\thinspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace-1"><code>\thinspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace">\thinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace-1"><code>\thinspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace & \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cthispagestyle"><code>\thispagestyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctilde"><code>\tilde</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctimes"><code>\times</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -22204,6 +22381,9 @@
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-10">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"><code>{...} <span class="roman">for required arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-11">~</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007e"><code>~</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4paper-option"><code>a4paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a5paper-option"><code>a5paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
@@ -22292,7 +22472,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushright-environment"><code><code>flushright</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hard-space"><code>hard space</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fpuszcza_002egnu_002eorg_002eua_002fsoftware_002flatexrefman_002f-home-page"><code><a href="http://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman/">http://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman/</a> <span class="roman">home page</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -22324,7 +22503,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mu"><code>mu</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NBSP"><code>NBSP</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-notitlepage-option"><code>notitlepage <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -22353,7 +22531,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slides-class"><code>slides <span class="roman">class</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sloppypar"><code>sloppypar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sp"><code>sp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-unbreakable"><code>space, unbreakable</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code><code>tabbing</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
@@ -22362,7 +22539,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package-1"><code>textcomp <span class="roman">package</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thebibliography-environment"><code><code>thebibliography</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code><code>theorem</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tie"><code>tie</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code><code>titlepage</code> <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-option"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocdepth"><code>tocdepth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
@@ -22376,7 +22552,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-twoside-option"><code>twoside <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unbreakable-space"><code>unbreakable space</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-usrguide-official-documentation"><code>usrguide <span class="roman">official documentation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -22409,6 +22584,8 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-11"><b>~</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-17 16:12:04 UTC (rev 653)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-17 23:41:56 UTC (rev 654)
@@ -7600,8 +7600,7 @@
The outside bars take up 100 points, so the middle needs another 100.
In the middle the bar takes up 80 points, so the two '\hspace''s must
stretch 20 points. Because the two say 'plus 50pt' and 'plus 10pt', TeX
-gets 5/6-ths of the stretch from the first space and 1/6-th from the
-second.
+gets 5/6 of the stretch from the first space and 1/6 from the second.
The 'plus' or 'minus' component of a rubber length can contain a
"fill" component, as in '1in plus2fill'. This gives the length infinite
@@ -7909,10 +7908,14 @@
\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
- You cannot use this command in math mode or in the argument of many
-commands such as the '\section' command (*note Making paragraphs:: and
-*note \newcommand & \renewcommand::).
+ The '\par' command does nothing in LR mode or a vertical mode but it
+terminates paragraph mode, bringing LaTeX to vertical mode (*note
+Modes::).
+ You cannot use the '\par' command in math mode or in the argument of
+many commands, such as the '\section' command (*note Making paragraphs::
+and *note \newcommand & \renewcommand::).
+
The '\par' command differs from the '\paragraph' command in that the
latter is, like '\section' or '\subsection', a sectioning unit used by
the standard LaTeX documents.
@@ -9459,7 +9462,8 @@
Note that the package 'ulem' does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
- documentation on CTAN.
+ documentation on CTAN. See also *note \hrulefill & \dotfill:: for
+ producing a line, for such things as a signature.
'\overline{TEXT}'
Put a horizontal line over TEXT. Works inside math mode, and
@@ -9518,8 +9522,9 @@
Math mode only.
'\,'
- Synonym: '\thinspace' (*note \thinspace::). Normally '3mu', which
- is 1/6em. Can be used in both math mode and text mode.
+ x Synonym: '\thinspace'. Normally '3mu', which is 1/6em. Can be
+ used in both math mode and text mode (*note \thinspace &
+ \negthinspace::).
This space is widely used, for instance between the function and
the infinitesimal in an integral '\int f(x)\,dx' and, if an author
@@ -9531,7 +9536,9 @@
\end{equation}
'\!'
- A negative thin space. Normally '-3mu'. Math mode only.
+ A negative thin space. Normally '-3mu'. The '\!' command is math
+ mode only but the '\negthinspace' command is available for text
+ mode (*note \thinspace & \negthinspace::).
'\quad'
This is 18mu, that is, 1em. This is often used for space
@@ -10035,34 +10042,68 @@
19 Spaces
*********
-LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
+LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of these
+are best suited to mathematical text; see *note Spacing in math mode::.
+Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text and
+mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
+chapter.
* Menu:
Horizontal space
-* \hspace:: Horizontal space.
+* \enspace & \quad & \qquad:: Traditional horizontal spaces.
+* \hspace:: Any horizontal space.
* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space.
* \hss:: Infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal space.
* \spacefactor:: Stretchability of following space
* \(SPACE):: Backslash-space; and explicit space.
* ~:: Tie, an unbreakable space.
-* \thinspace:: One-sixth of an em.
+* \thinspace & \negthinspace:: One-sixth of an em, and negative one-sixth.
* \/:: Italic correction.
* \hrulefill & \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
Vertical space
+* \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip:: Inter-paragraph vertical spaces.
+* \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak:: Interparagraph space and good place to page break
+* \vspace:: Vertical space.
+* \vfill:: Stretchable vertical space.
* \addvspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
-* \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip:: Interparagraph vertical spaces.
-* \vfill:: Stretchable vertical space.
-* \vspace:: Vertical space.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \hfill, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad, Next: \hspace, Up: Spaces
-19.1 '\hspace'
+19.1 '\enspace' & '\quad' & '\qquad'
+====================================
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \enspace
+ \quad
+ \qquad
+
+ Insert a horizontal space of 1/2em, 1em, and 2em. The em is a length
+defined by a font designer, often thought of as being the width of a
+capital M (*note Units of length::).
+
+ This puts an appropriate between two graphics.
+
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics{womensmile.png}%
+ \qquad\includegraphics{mensmile.png}
+ \end{center}
+
+ See also *note Spacing in math mode/\quad:: and *note Spacing in math
+mode/\qquad::. These are lengths from centuries of typesetting and so
+may be a better choice in many circumstances than arbitrary lengths,
+such as you get with '\hspace'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \hfill, Prev: \enspace & \quad & \qquad, Up: Spaces
+
+19.2 '\hspace'
==============
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
\hspace{LENGTH}
\hspace*{LENGTH}
@@ -10108,7 +10149,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \hfill, Next: \hss, Prev: \hspace, Up: Spaces
-19.2 '\hfill'
+19.3 '\hfill'
=============
Synopsis:
@@ -10143,7 +10184,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \hss, Next: \spacefactor, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces
-19.3 '\hss'
+19.4 '\hss'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -10168,7 +10209,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \spacefactor, Next: \(SPACE), Prev: \hss, Up: Spaces
-19.4 '\spacefactor'
+19.5 '\spacefactor'
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -10239,7 +10280,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \@, Next: \frenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
-19.4.1 '\@'
+19.5.1 '\@'
-----------
Synopsis:
@@ -10258,7 +10299,7 @@
The songs \textit{Red Guitar}, etc.\ are by Loudon Wainwright~III\@.
-The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceeded by a
+The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceded by a
capital. We tell LaTeX that it ends the sentence by putting '\@' before
it. The first period ends the abbreviation 'etc.' but not the sentence.
The backslash-space, '\ ', produces a mid-sentence space.
@@ -10288,7 +10329,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \frenchspacing, Next: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \@, Up: \spacefactor
-19.4.2 '\frenchspacing'
+19.5.2 '\frenchspacing'
-----------------------
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10305,13 +10346,13 @@
space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than the space between words
that are in the middle of a sentence. Declaring '\frenchspacing' (the
-command is from Plain TeX) swithces to the tradition that all spaces are
+command is from Plain TeX) switches to the tradition that all spaces are
treated equally.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \normalsfcodes, Prev: \frenchspacing, Up: \spacefactor
-19.4.3 '\normalsfcodes'
+19.5.3 '\normalsfcodes'
-----------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -10324,7 +10365,7 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: \(SPACE), Next: ~, Prev: \spacefactor, Up: Spaces
-19.5 Backslash-space, '\ '
+19.6 Backslash-space, '\ '
==========================
This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
@@ -10366,31 +10407,31 @@
to backslash-space, '\ '.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: ~, Next: \thinspace, Prev: \(SPACE), Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: ~, Next: \thinspace & \negthinspace, Prev: \(SPACE), Up: Spaces
-19.6 '~'
+19.7 '~'
========
Synopsis:
BEFORE~AFTER
- The "tie" character, '~', produces a space between BEFORE and AFTER
-at which the line will not be broken. By default the white space has
+ The tie character, '~', produces a space between BEFORE and AFTER at
+which the line will not be broken. By default the white space has
length 3.33333pt plus 1.66666pt minus 1.11111pt (*note Lengths::).
Here LaTeX will not break the line between the final two words.
Thanks to Prof.~Lerman.
- In addition, despite the period, LaTeX does not use the
-end-of-sentence spacing (*note \@::).
+In addition, despite the period, LaTeX does not use the end-of-sentence
+spacing (*note \@::).
Ties prevent the end of line separation of things where that could
cause confusion. But they also reduce LaTeX's options when it breaks
lines into paragraphs, so you can use too many. They are also matters
-of sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste. Nevertheless, here are some
-usage models, many of them from the TeXbook.
+of taste, sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste, among readers.
+Nevertheless, here are some usage models, many of them from the TeXbook.
* Between an enumerator and its item, such as in references:
'Chapter~12', or 'Theorem~\ref{th:Wilsons}', or
@@ -10408,13 +10449,13 @@
'less than~$\epsilon$', or 'given~$X$', or 'modulo~$p^e$ for all
large~$n$' (but compare 'is~$15$' with 'is $15$~times the height').
Between mathematical symbols in apposition with nouns:
- 'dimension~$d$' or 'function~$f(x)$' (but compare with 'length
+ 'dimension~$d$' or 'function~$f(x)$' (but compare 'with length
$l$~or more'). When a symbol is a tightly bound object of a
preposition: 'of~$x$', or 'from $0$ to~$1$', or 'in common
with~$m$'.
* Between symbols in series: '$1$,~$2$, or~$3$' or '$1$,~$2$,
- \dots,~$n$'.
+ \ldots,~$n$'.
* Between a person's forenames and between multiple surnames:
'Donald~E. Knuth', or 'Luis~I. Trabb~Pardo', or 'Charles~XII' (but
@@ -10425,30 +10466,36 @@
entirely plausible'.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace, Next: \/, Prev: ~, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace, Next: \/, Prev: ~, Up: Spaces
-19.7 '\thinspace'
-=================
+19.8 '\thinspace' & '\negthinspace'
+===================================
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
\thinspace
+ \negthinspace
- Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6em. This is the
-text mode equivalent of '\,' (*note Spacing in math mode/\thinspace::).
+ Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6em and -1/6em.
+These are the text mode equivalents of '\,' and '\!' (*note Spacing in
+math mode/\thinspace::). You can use '\,' as a synonym for '\thinspace'
+in text mode.
- This is the space traditionally used between nested quotes.
+ The '\negthinspace' command is used in text mode mostly for fiddling
+with spaces. One common use of '\thinspace' is as the space between
+nested quotes.
Killick replied, ``I heard the Captain say, `Ahoy there.'\thinspace''
- Some style guides call for a '\thinspace' between an ellipsis and a
-sentence ending period (other style guides, though, think the three
-periods are quite enough already).
+Another use is that some style guides call for a '\thinspace' between an
+ellipsis and a sentence ending period (other style guides, though, think
+the three dots are quite enough already). Still another use is between
+initials, as in 'D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth'.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Prev: \thinspace, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Prev: \thinspace & \negthinspace, Up: Spaces
-19.8 '\/'
+19.9 '\/'
=========
Synopsis:
@@ -10484,10 +10531,10 @@
done in a different way.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Next: \addvspace, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Next: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces
-19.9 '\hrulefill' & '\dotfill'
-==============================
+19.10 '\hrulefill' & '\dotfill'
+===============================
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -10529,35 +10576,8 @@
The line is 4cm long.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \addvspace, Next: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Prev: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Next: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak, Prev: \hrulefill & \dotfill, Up: Spaces
-19.10 '\addvspace'
-==================
-
-Synopsis:
-
- \addvspace{LENGTH}
-
- Add a vertical space of height LENGTH. This is a rubber length
-(*note Lengths::). However, if vertical space has already been added to
-the same point in the output by a previous '\addvspace' command then
-this command will not add more space than what is needed to make the
-natural length of the total vertical space equal to LENGTH.
-
- You can use this command to adjust the vertical space above or below
-an environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a Theorem
-environment is defined to begin and end with '\addvspace{...}' so that
-two consecutive Theorem's are separated by one vertical space, not two.
-
- This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
-
- The error 'Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item' means that you
-were not in vertical mode when you invoked this command; one way to
-change that is to precede this command with a '\par' command.
-
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Next: \vfill, Prev: \addvspace, Up: Spaces
-
19.11 '\bigskip' & '\medskip' & '\smallskip'
============================================
@@ -10567,9 +10587,21 @@
\medskip
\smallskip
- Produce a given amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or
-small, as specified by the document class.
+ Produce an amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or small.
+These commands are fragile (*note \protect::).
+ Here the skip suggests the passage of time.
+
+ Mr Saumarez would have something rude to say to him, no doubt: he was at home
+ again, and it was delightful.
+
+ \bigskip
+ ``A hundred and fifty-seven miles and one third, in twenty-four hours,''
+ said Peter.
+
+ Each command is associated with a length defined in the document
+class file.
+
'\bigskip'
The same as '\vspace{\bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the 'book' and
@@ -10577,44 +10609,55 @@
'\medskip'
The same as '\vspace{\medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
- line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the 'book' and
- 'article' classes is '6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt').
+ line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the 'book'
+ and 'article' classes is '6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt'.
'\smallskip'
The same as '\vspace{\smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
- of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
- 'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt').
+ of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
+ 'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt'.
+ Because each command is a '\vspace', if you use on in mid-paragraph
+then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
+it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
+these are best between paragraphs.
+
+ The commands '\bigbreak', '\medbreak', and '\smallbreak' are similar
+but also suggest to LaTeX that this is a good place to put a page break
+(*note \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak::.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \vfill, Next: \vspace, Prev: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak, Next: \vspace, Prev: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, Up: Spaces
-19.12 '\vfill'
-==============
+19.12 '\bigbreak' & '\medbreak' & '\smallbreak'
+===============================================
-End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length (*note
-Lengths::) that is infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far as
-needed.
+Synopsis, one of:
- It is often used in the same way as '\vspace{\fill}', except that
-'\vfill' ends the current paragraph, whereas '\vspace{\fill}' adds the
-infinite vertical space below its line irrespective of the paragraph
-structure. In both cases that space will disappear at a page boundary;
-to circumvent this see *note \vspace::.
+ \bigbreak
+ \medbreak
+ \smallbreak
- In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines
-contain the text 'Lost Dog!' and the third 'Lost Dog!' is exactly
-halfway between them.
+ Produce a vertical space that is big or medium-sized or small, and
+suggest to LaTeX that this is a good place to break the page. (The
+associated penalties are -200, -100, and -50.)
- \begin{document}
- Lost Dog!
- \vfill
- Lost Dog!
- \vfill
- Lost Dog!
- \end{document}
+ *Note \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip:: for more. These commands
+produce the same vertical space but differ in that they also remove a
+preceding vertical space if it is less than what they would insert (as
+with '\addvspace'). In addition, they terminate a paragraph where they
+are used: this example
+ abc\bigbreak def ghi
+
+ jkl mno pqr
+
+ will output three paragraphs, the first ending in 'abc' and the
+second starting, after an extra vertical space and a paragraph indent,
+with 'def'.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \vspace, Prev: \vfill, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \vspace, Next: \vfill, Prev: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak, Up: Spaces
19.13 '\vspace'
===============
@@ -10639,7 +10682,7 @@
spaces.)
The '*'-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
-precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break. The
+precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the
'*'-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space between
the two questions.
@@ -10651,9 +10694,10 @@
That space will be present even if the page break happens to fall
between the questions.
- If '\vspace' is used in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
-horizontal mode), the space is inserted _after_ the line with the
-'\vspace' command. A new paragraph is not started.
+ If you use '\vspace' in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
+horizontal mode) then the space is inserted after the line with the
+'\vspace' command; it does not start a new paragraph at the '\vspace'
+command.
In this example the two questions will be evenly spaced vertically on
the page, with at least one inch of space below each.
@@ -10667,6 +10711,89 @@
\end{document}
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \vfill, Next: \addvspace, Prev: \vspace, Up: Spaces
+
+19.14 '\vfill'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \vfill
+
+ End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length that is
+infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far as needed (*note
+Lengths::).
+
+ It is often used in the same way as '\vspace{\fill}', except that
+'\vfill' ends the current paragraph whereas '\vspace{\fill}' adds the
+infinite vertical space below its line, irrespective of the paragraph
+structure. In both cases that space will disappear at a page boundary;
+to circumvent this see *note \vspace::.
+
+ In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines
+contain the text 'Lost Dog!' and the third 'Lost Dog!' is exactly
+halfway between them.
+
+ \begin{document}
+ Lost Dog!
+ \vfill
+ Lost Dog!
+ \vfill
+ Lost Dog!
+ \end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \addvspace, Prev: \vfill, Up: Spaces
+
+19.15 '\addvspace'
+==================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \addvspace{VERT-LENGTH}
+
+ Add a vertical space of height VERT-LENGTH. This is a rubber length
+(*note Lengths::). However, if vertical space has already been added to
+the same point in the output by a previous '\addvspace' command then
+this command will only add whatever more space is needed to make the
+natural length of the total vertical space equal to VERT-LENGTH. This
+command is fragile (*note \protect::).
+
+ This example illustrates. The 'picture' draws a scale. In a
+standard LaTeX article the length '\baselineskip' is 12pt. The two
+rules here are 22pt apart: the sum of the '\baselineskip' and the 10pt
+from the first 'addvspace'.
+
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \usepackage{color}
+ \begin{document}
+ \setlength{\unitlength}{2pt}%
+ \noindent\begin{picture}(0,0)%
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-1){25}{{\color{blue}\line(1,0){1}}}
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-5){6}{{\color{red}\line(1,0){2}}}
+ \end{picture}%
+ \rule{0.25\linewidth}{0.1pt}%
+ \par\addvspace{10pt}% \addvspace{20pt}%
+ \par\noindent\rule{0.25\linewidth}{0.1pt}%
+ \end{document}
+
+Now uncomment the second '\addvspace'. It does not make the gap 20pt
+longer; instead to the 10pt this second one only adds enough to make the
+gap the sum of '\baselineskip' and 20pt. So '\addvspace' in a sense
+does the opposite of its name -- it makes sure that multiple vertical
+spaces do not accumulate, but instead that only the largest one is used.
+
+ LaTeX uses this command to adjust the vertical space above or below
+an environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a 'theorem'
+environment begins and ends with '\addvspace' so that two consecutive
+'theorem''s are separated by one vertical space, not two.
+
+ A error 'Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item' pointing to an
+'\addvspace' means that you were not in vertical mode when you hit this
+command. One way to change that is to precede '\addvspace' with a
+'\par' command (*note \par::), as in the above example.
+
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Boxes, Next: Color, Prev: Spaces, Up: Top
20 Boxes
@@ -10700,7 +10827,8 @@
\makebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
Create a box, a container for material. The TEXT is not broken into
-lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
+lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. The '\mbox' command is
+robust, while '\makebox' is fragile (*note \protect::).
In this example, LaTeX will not hyphenate the name of the table,
'T-4'.
@@ -10732,8 +10860,8 @@
Flush right.
's'
- Stretch (justify) TEXT across entire WIDTH; TEXT must contain
- stretchable space for this to work.
+ Stretch the interword space in TEXT across the entire WIDTH; TEXT
+ must contain stretchable space for this to work.
There is a related version of '\makebox' that is used within the
'picture' environment, where the length is given in terms of
@@ -13514,7 +13642,6 @@
* \SPACE: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* \TAB: \(SPACE). (line 6)
* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 16)
-* ~: ~. (line 6)
* abstracts: abstract. (line 6)
* accents: Accents. (line 6)
* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 6)
@@ -14079,7 +14206,7 @@
* math, bold: Font styles. (line 130)
* mathtools package: Math formulas. (line 21)
* mathtools package <1>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 42)
+ (line 44)
* mfirstuc package: Upper and lower case.
(line 45)
* mhchem package: Subscripts & superscripts.
@@ -14097,6 +14224,7 @@
* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6)
* multind package: Indexes. (line 39)
* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 6)
+* NBSP: ~. (line 6)
* nested \include, not allowed: \include & \includeonly.
(line 103)
* new class commands: Class and package construction.
@@ -14213,7 +14341,7 @@
* package, makeidx: Indexes. (line 28)
* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 21)
* package, mathtools <1>: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 42)
+ (line 44)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
(line 45)
* package, mhchem: Subscripts & superscripts.
@@ -14225,6 +14353,7 @@
* package, setspace: Low-level font commands.
(line 118)
* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 35)
+* package, siunitx: ~. (line 32)
* package, symbols: Math symbols. (line 10)
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
(line 42)
@@ -14306,7 +14435,7 @@
* prompt, *: Command line. (line 18)
* pronunciation: Overview. (line 24)
* quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 47)
+ (line 50)
* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 141)
* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 30)
* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 156)
@@ -14386,13 +14515,20 @@
* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 52)
* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 156)
* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 153)
+* siunitx package: ~. (line 32)
* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 6)
* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 6)
* slanted font: Font styles. (line 89)
* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6)
* small caps font: Font styles. (line 83)
+* space, hard: ~. (line 6)
* space, inserting horizontal: \hss. (line 6)
* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 6)
+* space, negative thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
+* space, thin: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
+* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 6)
* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 6)
* spaces: Spaces. (line 6)
* spaces, ignore around commands: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend.
@@ -14474,9 +14610,18 @@
* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 6)
* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 6)
* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6)
+* thin space: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 31)
+* thin space <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
+* thin space, negative: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 45)
+* thin space, negative <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
* thorn, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
(line 56)
* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 169)
+* tie: ~. (line 6)
* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 81)
* tilde accent: Accents. (line 43)
* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 38)
@@ -14528,8 +14673,8 @@
* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
* vertical mode: Modes. (line 33)
-* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 6)
-* vertical space <1>: \vspace. (line 6)
+* vertical space: \vspace. (line 6)
+* vertical space <1>: \addvspace. (line 6)
* vertical space before paragraphs: \parindent & \parskip.
(line 6)
* visible space: \verb. (line 12)
@@ -14583,7 +14728,7 @@
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
(line 6)
* \!: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 44)
+ (line 45)
* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 16)
* \#: Reserved characters. (line 13)
* \$: Reserved characters. (line 13)
@@ -14692,9 +14837,9 @@
* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 78)
* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 81)
* \bigskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 15)
+ (line 27)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 16)
+ (line 28)
* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 92)
* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 84)
* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 88)
@@ -14858,6 +15003,8 @@
* \end: Environments. (line 6)
* \endinput: \endinput. (line 6)
* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 6)
+* \enspace: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
+ (line 6)
* \enumi: enumerate. (line 47)
* \enumii: enumerate. (line 47)
* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 47)
@@ -15141,9 +15288,9 @@
* \mbox: \mbox & \makebox. (line 6)
* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 36)
* \medskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 20)
+ (line 32)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 21)
+ (line 33)
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 27)
* \mho: Math symbols. (line 412)
@@ -15163,6 +15310,10 @@
* \NeedsTeXFormat: Class and package commands.
(line 176)
* \neg: Math symbols. (line 450)
+* \negthinspace: Spacing in math mode.
+ (line 45)
+* \negthinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
* \neq: Math symbols. (line 454)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 6)
@@ -15231,9 +15382,9 @@
* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 505)
* \oval: \oval. (line 6)
* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 38)
+ (line 40)
* \overline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 19)
+ (line 21)
* \owns: Math symbols. (line 510)
* \P: Text symbols. (line 42)
* \PackageError: Class and package commands.
@@ -15320,9 +15471,13 @@
* \put: \put. (line 6)
* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 6)
* \qquad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 53)
+ (line 56)
+* \qquad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
+ (line 6)
* \quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 47)
+ (line 50)
+* \quad <1>: \enspace & \quad & \qquad.
+ (line 6)
* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 50)
* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 51)
* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 75)
@@ -15406,9 +15561,9 @@
* \small: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 657)
* \smallskip: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 25)
+ (line 37)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip.
- (line 26)
+ (line 38)
* \smile: Math symbols. (line 661)
* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 10)
* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 664)
@@ -15537,7 +15692,8 @@
* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 6)
* \thinspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 31)
-* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace. (line 6)
+* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace & \negthinspace.
+ (line 6)
* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 6)
* \tilde: Math accents. (line 37)
* \times: Math symbols. (line 741)
@@ -15571,7 +15727,7 @@
(line 14)
* \underbar: Accents. (line 89)
* \underbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
- (line 24)
+ (line 26)
* \underline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
(line 9)
* \unitlength: picture. (line 25)
@@ -15650,6 +15806,7 @@
(line 6)
* {...} for required arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
(line 6)
+* ~: ~. (line 6)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
@@ -15733,7 +15890,6 @@
(line 49)
* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 6)
* flushright environment: flushright. (line 6)
-* hard space: ~. (line 6)
* <http://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman/> home page: About this document.
(line 6)
* in: Units of length. (line 17)
@@ -15762,7 +15918,6 @@
* minipage environment: minipage. (line 6)
* mm: Units of length. (line 27)
* mu: Units of length. (line 49)
-* NBSP: ~. (line 6)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
(line 49)
* onecolumn option: Document class options.
@@ -15787,14 +15942,12 @@
* slides class: Document classes. (line 11)
* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6)
* sp: Units of length. (line 36)
-* space, unbreakable: ~. (line 6)
* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 6)
* table environment: table. (line 6)
* tabular environment: tabular. (line 6)
* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 6)
* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 6)
* theorem environment: theorem. (line 6)
-* tie: ~. (line 6)
* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
(line 49)
@@ -15810,7 +15963,6 @@
(line 78)
* twoside option: Document class options.
(line 78)
-* unbreakable space: ~. (line 6)
* usrguide official documentation: About this document. (line 36)
* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6)
* verse environment: verse. (line 6)
@@ -15976,133 +16128,140 @@
Node: \stepcounter287831
Node: \day \month \year288173
Node: Lengths288718
-Node: Units of length293161
-Node: \setlength294655
-Node: \addtolength295432
-Node: \settodepth296406
-Node: \settoheight297161
-Node: \settowidth297920
-Node: Predefined lengths298703
-Node: Making paragraphs299218
-Node: \par300873
-Node: \indent & \noindent302555
-Node: \parindent & \parskip304107
-Node: Marginal notes305146
-Node: Math formulas306945
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts310932
-Node: Math symbols313041
-Node: Blackboard bold339440
-Node: Calligraphic340216
-Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath340789
-Node: Ellipses342322
-Node: Math functions344469
-Node: Math accents346077
-Node: Over- and Underlining346976
-Node: Spacing in math mode348706
-Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace349713
-Node: Math miscellany350599
-Node: Colon character & \colon351158
-Node: \*351851
-Node: \frac352435
-Node: \left & \right352848
-Node: \sqrt354025
-Node: \stackrel354620
-Node: Modes354893
-Node: \ensuremath357507
-Node: Page styles358224
-Node: \maketitle358987
-Node: \pagenumbering361997
-Node: \pagestyle363935
-Node: \thispagestyle367440
-Node: Spaces367827
-Node: \hspace368809
-Node: \hfill370581
-Node: \hss371637
-Node: \spacefactor372334
-Node: \@375723
-Ref: \AT375823
-Node: \frenchspacing377767
-Node: \normalsfcodes378602
-Node: \(SPACE)378849
-Node: ~380484
-Node: \thinspace382930
-Node: \/383531
-Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill384821
-Node: \addvspace386133
-Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip387209
-Node: \vfill388219
-Node: \vspace389092
-Node: Boxes390603
-Node: \mbox & \makebox391265
-Node: \fbox and \framebox392701
-Node: lrbox393516
-Node: \parbox393873
-Node: \raisebox395977
-Node: \savebox396586
-Node: \sbox397009
-Node: \usebox397469
-Node: Color397730
-Node: Color package options398574
-Node: Color models400220
-Node: Commands for color402529
-Node: Define colors402944
-Node: Colored text403659
-Node: Colored boxes406031
-Node: Colored pages407467
-Node: Graphics408160
-Node: Graphics package options410287
-Node: Graphics package configuration413040
-Node: \graphicspath413842
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions416765
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule418562
-Node: Commands for graphics421751
-Node: \includegraphics422256
-Node: \rotatebox435225
-Node: \scalebox438020
-Node: \resizebox439072
-Node: Special insertions440264
-Node: Reserved characters441068
-Node: Upper and lower case442269
-Node: Symbols by font position444184
-Node: Text symbols444804
-Node: Accents448252
-Node: Additional Latin letters450794
-Ref: Non-English characters450965
-Node: \rule451982
-Node: \today452411
-Node: Splitting the input453165
-Node: \endinput454717
-Node: \include & \includeonly455984
-Node: \input460208
-Node: Front/back matter460916
-Node: Tables of contents461121
-Node: \addcontentsline462304
-Node: \addtocontents463322
-Node: Glossaries463855
-Node: Indexes464374
-Node: Letters466007
-Node: \address469673
-Node: \cc470484
-Node: \closing470902
-Node: \encl471179
-Node: \location471594
-Node: \makelabels471858
-Node: \name474010
-Node: \opening474251
-Node: \ps474532
-Node: \signature474821
-Node: \telephone476038
-Node: Terminal input/output476403
-Node: \typein476668
-Node: \typeout477253
-Node: Command line477876
-Node: Document templates478828
-Node: beamer template479281
-Node: article template479935
-Node: book template480362
-Node: Larger book template480843
-Node: tugboat template482341
-Node: Concept Index484712
-Node: Command Index560562
+Node: Units of length293154
+Ref: Lengths/em293791
+Ref: Lengths/en293791
+Ref: Lengths/ex293791
+Node: \setlength294648
+Node: \addtolength295425
+Node: \settodepth296399
+Node: \settoheight297154
+Node: \settowidth297913
+Node: Predefined lengths298696
+Node: Making paragraphs299211
+Node: \par300866
+Node: \indent & \noindent302704
+Node: \parindent & \parskip304256
+Node: Marginal notes305295
+Node: Math formulas307094
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts311081
+Node: Math symbols313190
+Node: Blackboard bold339589
+Node: Calligraphic340365
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath340938
+Node: Ellipses342471
+Node: Math functions344618
+Node: Math accents346226
+Node: Over- and Underlining347125
+Node: Spacing in math mode348953
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\thinspace349960
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\quad350641
+Ref: Spacing in math mode/\qquad350897
+Node: Math miscellany350995
+Node: Colon character & \colon351554
+Node: \*352247
+Node: \frac352831
+Node: \left & \right353244
+Node: \sqrt354421
+Node: \stackrel355016
+Node: Modes355289
+Node: \ensuremath357903
+Node: Page styles358620
+Node: \maketitle359383
+Node: \pagenumbering362393
+Node: \pagestyle364331
+Node: \thispagestyle367836
+Node: Spaces368223
+Node: \enspace & \quad & \qquad369616
+Node: \hspace370434
+Node: \hfill372248
+Node: \hss373304
+Node: \spacefactor374001
+Node: \@377390
+Ref: \AT377490
+Node: \frenchspacing379433
+Node: \normalsfcodes380268
+Node: \(SPACE)380515
+Node: ~382150
+Node: \thinspace & \negthinspace384629
+Node: \/385572
+Node: \hrulefill & \dotfill386878
+Node: \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip388214
+Node: \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak390071
+Node: \vspace391060
+Node: \vfill392646
+Node: \addvspace393524
+Node: Boxes395629
+Node: \mbox & \makebox396291
+Node: \fbox and \framebox397824
+Node: lrbox398639
+Node: \parbox398996
+Node: \raisebox401100
+Node: \savebox401709
+Node: \sbox402132
+Node: \usebox402592
+Node: Color402853
+Node: Color package options403697
+Node: Color models405343
+Node: Commands for color407652
+Node: Define colors408067
+Node: Colored text408782
+Node: Colored boxes411154
+Node: Colored pages412590
+Node: Graphics413283
+Node: Graphics package options415410
+Node: Graphics package configuration418163
+Node: \graphicspath418965
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions421888
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule423685
+Node: Commands for graphics426874
+Node: \includegraphics427379
+Node: \rotatebox440348
+Node: \scalebox443143
+Node: \resizebox444195
+Node: Special insertions445387
+Node: Reserved characters446191
+Node: Upper and lower case447392
+Node: Symbols by font position449307
+Node: Text symbols449927
+Node: Accents453375
+Node: Additional Latin letters455917
+Ref: Non-English characters456088
+Node: \rule457105
+Node: \today457534
+Node: Splitting the input458288
+Node: \endinput459840
+Node: \include & \includeonly461107
+Node: \input465331
+Node: Front/back matter466039
+Node: Tables of contents466244
+Node: \addcontentsline467427
+Node: \addtocontents468445
+Node: Glossaries468978
+Node: Indexes469497
+Node: Letters471130
+Node: \address474796
+Node: \cc475607
+Node: \closing476025
+Node: \encl476302
+Node: \location476717
+Node: \makelabels476981
+Node: \name479133
+Node: \opening479374
+Node: \ps479655
+Node: \signature479944
+Node: \telephone481161
+Node: Terminal input/output481526
+Node: \typein481791
+Node: \typeout482376
+Node: Command line482999
+Node: Document templates483951
+Node: beamer template484404
+Node: article template485058
+Node: book template485485
+Node: Larger book template485966
+Node: tugboat template487464
+Node: Concept Index489835
+Node: Command Index566890
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-17 16:12:04 UTC (rev 653)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-17 23:41:56 UTC (rev 654)
@@ -9404,6 +9404,9 @@
@cindex m-width
@cindex em
@findex em
+ at anchor{Lengths/em}
+ at anchor{Lengths/en}
+ at anchor{Lengths/ex}
Two other lengths that are often used are values set by the designer of
the font. The x-height of the current font @dfn{ex}, traditionally the
height of the lower case letter x, is often used for vertical
@@ -9690,10 +9693,14 @@
\newcommand@{\syllabusLegalese@}@{\whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou@}
@end example
-You cannot use this command in math mode or in the argument of many
-commands such as the @code{\section} command (@pxref{Making paragraphs}
-and @pxref{\newcommand & \renewcommand}).
+The @code{\par} command does nothing in LR mode or a vertical mode but
+it terminates paragraph mode, bringing @LaTeX{} to vertical mode
+(@pxref{Modes}).
+You cannot use the @code{\par} command in math mode or in the argument
+of many commands, such as the @code{\section} command (@pxref{Making
+paragraphs} and @pxref{\newcommand & \renewcommand}).
+
The @code{\par} command differs from the @code{\paragraph} command in
that the latter is, like @code{\section} or @code{\subsection}, a
sectioning unit used by the standard @LaTeX{} documents.
@@ -11564,7 +11571,8 @@
@PkgIndex{ulem}
Note that the package @file{ulem} does text mode underlining and allows
line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
-documentation on CTAN.
+documentation on CTAN. See also at tie{}@ref{\hrulefill & \dotfill} for
+producing a line, for such things as a signature.
@item \overline@{@var{text}@}
Put a horizontal line over @var{text}. Works inside math mode, and
@@ -11649,10 +11657,11 @@
@item \,
@findex \,
@findex \thinspace
- at anchor{Spacing in math mode/\thinspace}
-Synonym: @code{\thinspace} (@pxref{\thinspace}).
-Normally @code{3mu}, which is 1/6 at dmn{em}.
-Can be used in both math mode and text mode.
+ at cindex thin space
+ at anchor{Spacing in math mode/\thinspace}x
+Synonym: @code{\thinspace}. Normally @code{3mu}, which is 1/6 at dmn{em}.
+Can be used in both math mode and text mode (@pxref{\thinspace &
+\negthinspace}).
This space is widely used, for instance between the function and the
infinitesimal in an integral @code{\int f(x)\,dx} and, if an author does
@@ -11667,11 +11676,16 @@
@item \!
@findex \!
-A negative thin space. Normally @code{-3mu}. Math mode only.
+ at findex \negthinspace
+ at cindex thin space, negative
+A negative thin space. Normally @code{-3mu}. The @code{\!} command is
+math mode only but the @code{\negthinspace} command is available for
+text mode (@pxref{\thinspace & \negthinspace}).
@item \quad
@cindex quad
@findex \quad
+ at anchor{Spacing in math mode/\quad}
This is 18 at dmn{mu}, that is, 1 at dmn{em}. This is often used for space
surrounding equations or expressions, for instance for the space between
two equations inside a @code{displaymath} environment. It is available
@@ -11679,6 +11693,7 @@
@item \qquad
@findex \qquad
+ at anchor{Spacing in math mode/\qquad}
A length of 2 quads, that is, 36 at dmn{mu} = 2 at dmn{em}. It is available in
both text and math mode.
@end table
@@ -12289,34 +12304,74 @@
@cindex spaces
@cindex white space
- at LaTeX{} has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
+ at LaTeX{} has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of
+these are best suited to mathematical text; see at tie{}@ref{Spacing in
+math mode}. Some spacing commands are suitable for both regular text
+and mathematical text; versions of some of these commands are in this
+chapter.
@menu
Horizontal space
-* \hspace:: Horizontal space.
+* \enspace & \quad & \qquad:: Traditional horizontal spaces.
+* \hspace:: Any horizontal space.
* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space.
* \hss:: Infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal space.
* \spacefactor:: Stretchability of following space
* \(SPACE):: Backslash-space; and explicit space.
* ~:: Tie, an unbreakable space.
-* \thinspace:: One-sixth of an em.
+* \thinspace & \negthinspace:: One-sixth of an em, and negative one-sixth.
* \/:: Italic correction.
* \hrulefill & \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal rule or dots.
Vertical space
-* \addvspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
* \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip:: Inter-paragraph vertical spaces.
+* \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak:: Interparagraph space and good place to page break
+* \vspace:: Vertical space.
* \vfill:: Stretchable vertical space.
-* \vspace:: Vertical space.
+* \addvspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
@end menu
+ at node \enspace & \quad & \qquad
+ at section @code{\enspace} & @code{\quad} & @code{\qquad}
+
+ at findex \enspace
+ at findex \quad
+ at findex \qquad
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\enspace
+\quad
+\qquad
+ at end example
+
+Insert a horizontal space of 1/2 at dmn{em}, 1 at dmn{em}, and 2 at dmn{em}. The
+em is a length defined by a font designer, often thought of as being the
+width of a capital at tie{}M (@pxref{Units of length}).
+
+This puts an appropriate between two graphics.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{center@}
+ \includegraphics@{womensmile.png@}%
+ \qquad\includegraphics@{mensmile.png@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+See also at tie{}@ref{Spacing in math mode/\quad} and at tie{}@ref{Spacing in
+math mode/\qquad}. These are lengths from centuries of typesetting and
+so may be a better choice in many circumstances than arbitrary lengths,
+such as you get with @code{\hspace}.
+
+
@node \hspace
@section @code{\hspace}
@findex \hspace
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
@example
\hspace@{@var{length}@}
@@ -12681,25 +12736,24 @@
@c package do not follow the standard behavior.
- at node ~
+ at node ~
@section @code{~}
- at cindex ~
- at findex tie
- at findex space, unbreakable
- at findex unbreakable space
- at findex hard space
- at findex NBSP
+ at findex ~
+ at cindex tie
+ at cindex space, hard
+ at cindex space, unbreakable
+ at cindex NBSP
Synopsis:
@example
- at var{before}~@var{after}
+ at var{before}~@var{after}
@end example
-The @dfn{tie} character, @code{~}, produces a space between @var{before}
-and @var{after} at which the line will not be broken. By default the
-white space has length 3.33333 at dmn{pt} plus 1.66666 at dmn{pt} minus
+The tie character, @code{~}, produces a space between @var{before} and
+ at var{after} at which the line will not be broken. By default the white
+space has length 3.33333 at dmn{pt} plus 1.66666 at dmn{pt} minus
1.11111 at dmn{pt} (@pxref{Lengths}).
Here @LaTeX{} will not break the line between the final two words.
@@ -12708,28 +12762,30 @@
Thanks to Prof.~Lerman.
@end example
-In addition, despite the period, @LaTeX{} does not use the end-of-sentence
-spacing (@pxref{\@@}).
+ at noindent
+In addition, despite the period, @LaTeX{} does not use the
+end-of-sentence spacing (@pxref{\@@}).
Ties prevent the end of line separation of things where that could cause
-confusion. But they also reduce @LaTeX{}'s options when it breaks lines
-into paragraphs, so you can use too many. They are also matters of
-sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste. Nevertheless, here are some usage
-models, many of them from the @TeX{}book.
+confusion. But they also reduce @LaTeX{}'s options when it breaks lines
+into paragraphs, so you can use too many. They are also matters of
+taste, sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste, among readers. Nevertheless,
+here are some usage models, many of them from the @TeX{}book.
@itemize @bullet
@item
Between an enumerator and its item, such as in references:
@code{Chapter~12}, or @code{Theorem~\ref@{th:Wilsons@}}, or
- at code{Figure~\ref@{fig:KGraph@}}. When cases are enumerated inline:
+ at code{Figure~\ref@{fig:KGraph@}}. When cases are enumerated inline:
@code{(b)~Show that $f(x)$ is (1)~continuous, and (2)~bounded}.
+ at PkgIndex{siunitx}
@item
Between a number and its unit: @code{$745.7.8$~watts} (the
@file{siunitx} package has a special facility for this) or
- at code{144~eggs}. This includes between a month and a date:
- at code{October~12} or @code{12~Oct}. In general, in any expressions
-where numbers and abbreviations or symbols are separated by a space:
+ at code{144~eggs}. This includes between a month and a date:
+ at code{October~12} or @code{12~Oct}. In general, in any expressions where
+numbers and abbreviations or symbols are separated by a space:
@code{AD~565}, or @code{2:50~pm}, or @code{Boeing~747}, or
@code{268~Plains Road}, or @code{\$$1.4$~billion}.
@@ -12737,20 +12793,20 @@
When mathematical phrases are rendered in words: @code{equals~$n$}, or
@code{less than~$\epsilon$}, or @code{given~$X$}, or @code{modulo~$p^e$
for all large~$n$} (but compare @code{is~$15$} with @code{is $15$~times
-the height}). Between mathematical symbols in apposition with nouns:
- at code{dimension~$d$} or @code{function~$f(x)$} (but compare with
- at code{length $l$~or more}). When a symbol is a tightly bound object of
-a preposition: @code{of~$x$}, or @code{from $0$ to~$1$}, or @code{in
+the height}). Between mathematical symbols in apposition with nouns:
+ at code{dimension~$d$} or @code{function~$f(x)$} (but compare @code{with
+length $l$~or more}). When a symbol is a tightly bound object of a
+preposition: @code{of~$x$}, or @code{from $0$ to~$1$}, or @code{in
common with~$m$}.
@item
Between symbols in series: @code{$1$,~$2$, or~$3$} or @code{$1$,~$2$,
-\dots,~$n$}.
+\ldots,~$n$}.
@item
Between a person's forenames and between multiple surnames:
@code{Donald~E. Knuth}, or @code{Luis~I. Trabb~Pardo}, or
- at code{Charles~XII} (but you must give @TeX{} places to break the line so
+ at code{Charles~XII} (but you must give TeX places to break the line so
you may do @code{Charles Louis Xavier~Joseph de~la Vall\'ee~Poussin}).
@item
@@ -12760,29 +12816,41 @@
@end itemize
- at node \thinspace
- at section @code{\thinspace}
+ at node \thinspace & \negthinspace
+ at section @code{\thinspace} & @code{\negthinspace}
@findex \thinspace
+ at findex \negthinspace
+ at cindex thin space
+ at cindex space, thin
+ at cindex thin space, negative
+ at cindex space, negative thin
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
@example
\thinspace
+\negthinspace
@end example
-Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6 at dmn{em}. This is the
-text mode equivalent of @code{\,} (@pxref{Spacing in math mode/\thinspace}).
+Produce an unbreakable and unstretchable space of 1/6 at dmn{em} and
+-1/6 at dmn{em}. These are the text mode equivalents of @code{\,} and
+ at code{\!} (@pxref{Spacing in math mode/\thinspace}). You can use
+ at code{\,} as a synonym for @code{\thinspace} in text mode.
-This is the space traditionally used between nested quotes.
+The @code{\negthinspace} command is used in text mode mostly for
+fiddling with spaces. One common use of @code{\thinspace} is as the
+space between nested quotes.
@example
Killick replied, ``I heard the Captain say, `Ahoy there.'\thinspace''
@end example
-Some style guides call for a @code{\thinspace} between an ellipsis and a
-sentence ending period (other style guides, though, think the three
-periods are quite enough already).
+ at noindent
+Another use is that some style guides call for a @code{\thinspace}
+between an ellipsis and a sentence ending period (other style guides,
+though, think the three dots are quite enough already). Still another
+use is between initials, as in @code{D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth}.
@node \/
@@ -12885,38 +12953,6 @@
The line is 4 at dmn{cm} long.
- at node \addvspace
- at section @code{\addvspace}
-
- at findex \addvspace
- at cindex vertical space
- at cindex space, inserting vertical
-
-Synopsis:
-
- at example
-\addvspace@{@var{length}@}
- at end example
-
-Add a vertical space of height @var{length}. This is a rubber length
-(@pxref{Lengths}). However, if vertical space has already been added to
-the same point in the output by a previous @code{\addvspace} command
-then this command will not add more space than what is needed to make
-the natural length of the total vertical space equal to @var{length}.
-
-You can use this command to adjust the vertical space above or below an
-environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a Theorem
-environment is defined to begin and end with @code{\addvspace@{...@}} so
-that two consecutive Theorem's are separated by one vertical space, not
-two.
-
-This command is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
-
-The error @samp{Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item} means that
-you were not in vertical mode when you invoked this command; one way to
-change that is to precede this command with a @code{\par} command.
-
-
@node \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip
@section @code{\bigskip} & @code{\medskip} & @code{\smallskip}
@@ -12928,9 +12964,23 @@
\smallskip
@end example
-Produce a given amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or
-small, as specified by the document class.
+Produce an amount of vertical space, large or medium-sized or
+small. These commands are fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
+Here the skip suggests the passage of time.
+
+ at example
+Mr Saumarez would have something rude to say to him, no doubt: he was at home
+again, and it was delightful.
+
+\bigskip
+``A hundred and fifty-seven miles and one third, in twenty-four hours,''
+said Peter.
+ at end example
+
+Each command is associated with a length defined in the document class
+file.
+
@ftable @code
@item \bigskip
@findex \bigskipamount
@@ -12940,53 +12990,60 @@
@item \medskip
@findex \medskipamount
-The same as @code{\vspace@{\medskipamount@}}, ordinarily about half of
-a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the @code{book}
-and @code{article} classes is @code{6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}).
+The same as @code{\vspace@{\medskipamount@}}, ordinarily about half of a
+line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the @code{book}
+and @code{article} classes is @code{6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}.
@item \smallskip
@findex \smallskipamount
The same as @code{\vspace@{\smallskipamount@}}, ordinarily about a
-quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
- at code{book} and @code{article} classes is @code{3pt plus 1pt minus
-1pt}).
+quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink. The default for the
+ at code{book} and @code{article} classes is @code{3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}.
@end ftable
+Because each command is a @code{\vspace}, if you use on in mid-paragraph
+then it will insert its vertical space between the line in which you use
+it and the next line, not necessarily at the place that you use it. So
+these are best between paragraphs.
- at node \vfill
- at section @code{\vfill}
+The commands @code{\bigbreak}, @code{\medbreak}, and @code{\smallbreak}
+are similar but also suggest to @LaTeX{} that this is a good place to
+put a page break (@pxref{\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak}.
- at findex \vfill
- at cindex stretch, infinite vertical
- at cindex infinite vertical stretch
+ at node \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak
+ at section @code{\bigbreak} & @code{\medbreak} & @code{\smallbreak}
-End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length
-(@pxref{Lengths}) that is infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far
-as needed.
+Synopsis, one of:
-It is often used in the same way as @code{\vspace@{\fill@}}, except that
- at code{\vfill} ends the current paragraph, whereas
- at code{\vspace@{\fill@}} adds the infinite vertical space below its line
-irrespective of the paragraph structure. In both cases that space will
-disappear at a page boundary; to circumvent this see at tie{}@ref{\vspace}.
+ at example
+\bigbreak
+\medbreak
+\smallbreak
+ at end example
-In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines contain
-the text @samp{Lost Dog!} and the third @samp{Lost Dog!} is exactly
-halfway between them.
-
+Produce a vertical space that is big or medium-sized or small, and
+suggest to @LaTeX{} that this is a good place to break the page. (The
+associated penalties are -200, -100, and -50.)
+
+ at xref{\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip} for more. These commands
+produce the same vertical space but differ in that they also remove a
+preceding vertical space if it is less than what they would insert (as
+with @code{\addvspace}). In addition, they terminate a paragraph where
+they are used: this example
+
@example
-\begin@{document@}
-Lost Dog!
-\vfill
-Lost Dog!
-\vfill
-Lost Dog!
-\end@{document@}
+abc\bigbreak def ghi
+
+jkl mno pqr
@end example
+will output three paragraphs, the first ending in @samp{abc} and the
+second starting, after an extra vertical space and a paragraph indent,
+with @samp{def}.
+
@node \vspace
@section @code{\vspace}
@@ -13019,7 +13076,7 @@
spaces.)
The @code{*}-version inserts vertical space that non-discardable. More
-precisely, @LaTeX{} discards vertical space at a page break. The
+precisely, @LaTeX{} discards vertical space at a page break and the
@code{*}-version causes the space to stay. This example leaves space
between the two questions.
@@ -13034,9 +13091,10 @@
That space will be present even if the page break happens to fall
between the questions.
-If @code{\vspace} is used in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
-horizontal mode), the space is inserted @emph{after} the line with
-the @code{\vspace} command. A new paragraph is not started.
+If you use @code{\vspace} in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
+horizontal mode) then the space is inserted after the line with the
+ at code{\vspace} command; it does not start a new paragraph at the
+ at code{\vspace} command.
In this example the two questions will be evenly spaced vertically on
the page, with at least one inch of space below each.
@@ -13052,6 +13110,105 @@
@end example
+ at node \vfill
+ at section @code{\vfill}
+
+ at findex \vfill
+
+ at cindex stretch, infinite vertical
+ at cindex infinite vertical stretch
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\vfill
+ at end example
+
+End the current paragraph and insert a vertical rubber length that is
+infinite, so it can stretch or shrink as far as needed
+(@pxref{Lengths}).
+
+It is often used in the same way as @code{\vspace@{\fill@}}, except that
+ at code{\vfill} ends the current paragraph whereas @code{\vspace@{\fill@}}
+adds the infinite vertical space below its line, irrespective of the
+paragraph structure. In both cases that space will disappear at a page
+boundary; to circumvent this see at tie{}@ref{\vspace}.
+
+In this example the page is filled, so the top and bottom lines contain
+the text @samp{Lost Dog!} and the third @samp{Lost Dog!} is exactly
+halfway between them.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{document@}
+Lost Dog!
+\vfill
+Lost Dog!
+\vfill
+Lost Dog!
+\end@{document@}
+ at end example
+
+
+ at node \addvspace
+ at section @code{\addvspace}
+
+ at findex \addvspace
+ at cindex vertical space
+ at cindex space, inserting vertical
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\addvspace@{@var{vert-length}@}
+ at end example
+
+Add a vertical space of height @var{vert-length}. This is a rubber
+length (@pxref{Lengths}). However, if vertical space has already been
+added to the same point in the output by a previous @code{\addvspace}
+command then this command will only add whatever more space is needed to
+make the natural length of the total vertical space equal to
+ at var{vert-length}. This command is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
+
+This example illustrates. The @code{picture} draws a scale. In a
+standard @LaTeX{} article the length @code{\baselineskip} is 12 at dmn{pt}.
+The two rules here are 22 at dmn{pt} apart: the sum of the
+ at code{\baselineskip} and the 10 at dmn{pt} from the first @code{addvspace}.
+
+ at example
+\documentclass@{article@}
+\usepackage@{color@}
+\begin@{document@}
+\setlength@{\unitlength@}@{2pt@}%
+\noindent\begin@{picture@}(0,0)%
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-1)@{25@}@{@{\color@{blue@}\line(1,0)@{1@}@}@}
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,-5)@{6@}@{@{\color@{red@}\line(1,0)@{2@}@}@}
+\end@{picture@}%
+\rule@{0.25\linewidth@}@{0.1pt@}%
+\par\addvspace@{10pt@}% \addvspace@{20pt@}%
+\par\noindent\rule@{0.25\linewidth@}@{0.1pt@}%
+\end@{document@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+Now uncomment the second @code{\addvspace}. It does not make the gap
+20 at dmn{pt} longer; instead to the 10 at dmn{pt} this second one only adds
+enough to make the gap the sum of @code{\baselineskip} and 20 at dmn{pt}.
+So @code{\addvspace} in a sense does the opposite of its name --- it
+makes sure that multiple vertical spaces do not accumulate, but instead
+that only the largest one is used.
+
+ at LaTeX{} uses this command to adjust the vertical space above or below
+an environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a
+ at code{theorem} environment begins and ends with @code{\addvspace} so
+that two consecutive @code{theorem}'s are separated by one vertical
+space, not two.
+
+A error @samp{Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item} pointing to an
+ at code{\addvspace} means that you were not in vertical mode when you hit
+this command. One way to change that is to precede @code{\addvspace}
+with a @code{\par} command (@pxref{\par}), as in the above example.
+
+
@node Boxes
@chapter Boxes
@@ -13091,7 +13248,8 @@
@end example
Create a box, a container for material. The @var{text} is not broken
-into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
+into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. The @code{\mbox}
+command is robust, while @code{\makebox} is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
In this example, @LaTeX{} will not hyphenate the name of the table,
@samp{T-4}.
@@ -13128,8 +13286,8 @@
Flush right.
@item s
-Stretch (justify) @var{text} across entire @var{width}; @var{text} must
-contain stretchable space for this to work.
+Stretch the interword space in @var{text} across the entire @var{width};
+ at var{text} must contain stretchable space for this to work.
@end table
There is a related version of @code{\makebox} that is used within the
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