[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r645 - in trunk: . graphics
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Sun Jun 10 01:37:34 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-06-10 02:37:33 +0300 (Sun, 10 Jun 2018)
New Revision: 645
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/graphics/README
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
math miscellany
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-08 16:55:33 UTC (rev 644)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-09 23:37:33 UTC (rev 645)
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+2018-06-09 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (Math miscellany) Move dots to separate subsection
+ under Math symbols. Move \overline, etc. to separate subsection
+ after Math accents. Move \imath and \jmath to Math symbols.
+ Change rest to a menu, with synopses and examples, and error
+ messages where appropriate. Adjust wording.
+
2018-06-07 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (\pagestyle) Add description of mechanism,
Modified: trunk/graphics/README
===================================================================
--- trunk/graphics/README 2018-06-08 16:55:33 UTC (rev 644)
+++ trunk/graphics/README 2018-06-09 23:37:33 UTC (rev 645)
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
This directory contains the source for the graphics used in the document.
-Note that different TeXinfo output formats require different graphic
-formats. TeXinfo wants them in ../latex2e-figures/.
+The asy/ directory contains the source for graphics produced with
+Asymptote.
+TeXinfo wants the graphics in ../latex2e-figures/. Note that
+different TeXinfo output formats require different graphic formats.
+
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-08 16:55:33 UTC (rev 644)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-09 23:37:33 UTC (rev 645)
@@ -346,11 +346,21 @@
<li><a name="toc-Blackboard-bold-1" href="#Blackboard-bold">16.2.1 Blackboard bold</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Calligraphic-1" href="#Calligraphic">16.2.2 Calligraphic</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1" href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">16.2.3 <code>\boldmath</code> & <code>\unboldmath</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Ellipses-1" href="#Ellipses">16.2.4 Ellipses</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.5 Spacing in math mode</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.6 Math miscellany</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Over_002d-and-Underlining-1" href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">16.5 Over- and Underlining</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.6 Spacing in math mode</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.7 Math miscellany</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a name="toc-Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon" href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_002a-1" href="#g_t_005c_002a">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfrac-1" href="#g_t_005cfrac">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1" href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">16.7.4 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="#g_t_005csqrt">16.7.5 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="#g_t_005cstackrel">16.7.6 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">17 Modes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -5434,7 +5444,8 @@
</pre></div>
<p>or
-</p><div class="example">
+</p>
+<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\item[<var>optional-label</var>] text of item
</pre></div>
@@ -5570,7 +5581,7 @@
\end{minipage}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\begin{minipage}[<var>position</var>][<var>height</var>][<var>inner-pos</var>]{<var>width</var>}
@@ -6838,7 +6849,7 @@
\end{table}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\begin{table}[<var>placement</var>]
@@ -7448,7 +7459,7 @@
<pre class="example">\bibitem{<var>cite_key</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\bibitem[<var>label</var>]{<var>cite_key</var>}
@@ -7525,7 +7536,7 @@
<pre class="example">\cite{<var>keys</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\cite[<var>subcite</var>]{<var>keys</var>}
@@ -7955,10 +7966,17 @@
blank lines to separate the stanzas.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">A poem is a piece of poetry.
-
-And don't let the head of the poetry society \\
-tell you diff'rent.
+<pre class="example">\begin{verse}
+\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\textit{Shut Not Your Doors} ---Walt Whitman}
+ \\[1\baselineskip]
+Shut not your doors to me proud libraries, \\
+For that which was lacking on all your well-fill'd shelves, \\
+\qquad yet needed most, I bring, \\
+Forth from the war emerging, a book I have made, \\
+The words of my book nothing, the drift of it every thing, \\
+A book separate, not link'd with the rest nor felt by the intellect, \\
+But you ye untold latencies will thrill to every page.
+\end{verse}
</pre></div>
<p>The output has margins indented on the left and the right, paragraphs
@@ -8031,7 +8049,7 @@
\\[<var>morespace</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>or one of:
+<p>or one of these.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\\*
@@ -8394,7 +8412,7 @@
\linebreak[<var>zero-to-four</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>or one of:
+<p>or one of these.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\nolinebreak
@@ -8496,7 +8514,7 @@
<pre class="example">\clearpage
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\cleardoublepage
@@ -8645,7 +8663,7 @@
\pagebreak[<var>zero-to-four</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\nopagebreak
@@ -9139,7 +9157,7 @@
\newcommand*{\<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optargdefault</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or one of:
+<p>or one of these.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\renewcommand{\<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
@@ -9488,7 +9506,7 @@
\newenvironment*{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optargdefault</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or one of:
+<p>or one of these.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\renewenvironment{<var>env</var>}{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
@@ -10859,7 +10877,7 @@
<pre class="example">\indent
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\noindent
@@ -11122,13 +11140,15 @@
<p>The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together. Sometimes you want the display math treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode. For this, the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
-<code>displaymath</code>. Thus <code>\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty
-x_n\)</code> will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it. Another example is that
+together.
</p>
+<p>Sometimes you want the display math treatment to happen in the inline
+math mode. For this, the <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration forces the
+size and style of the formula to be that of <code>displaymath</code>. Thus
+<code>\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n\)</code> will have the limits
+above and below the summation sign, not next to it. Another example is
+that
+</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
\textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
@@ -11153,10 +11173,12 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="4">Math accents</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Accents in math.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="5">Spacing in math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="5">Over- and Underlining</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Things over or under formulas.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="6">Math miscellany</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="6">Spacing in math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="7">Math miscellany</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else.
+</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -11181,7 +11203,7 @@
<pre class="example"><var>base</var>^<var>exp</var>
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>base</var>_<var>exp</var>
@@ -11728,6 +11750,13 @@
<dd><p>ℑ Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part <code>\Re</code>.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>\imath</code>
+<a name="index-_005cimath"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-dotless-i_002c-math"></a>
+<p>Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (see <a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\in</code>
<a name="index-_005cin"></a>
</dt>
@@ -11761,6 +11790,13 @@
TeX.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>\jmath</code>
+<a name="index-_005cjmath"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-dotless-j_002c-math"></a>
+<p>Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (see <a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\kappa</code>
<a name="index-_005ckappa"></a>
</dt>
@@ -12780,6 +12816,42 @@
</dd>
</dl>
+<p>The following symbols are most often used in plain text but LaTeX
+provides versions to use in mathematical text.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\mathdollar</code>
+<a name="index-_005cmathdollar"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mathparagraph</code>
+<a name="index-_005cmathparagraph"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, ¶.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mathsection</code>
+<a name="index-_005cmathsection"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Section sign in math mode §.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mathsterling</code>
+<a name="index-_005cmathsterling"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Sterling sign in math mode: £.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mathunderscore</code>
+<a name="index-_005cmathunderscore"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Underscore in math mode: _.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Blackboard-bold" accesskey="1">Blackboard bold</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Doublestruck characters.
</td></tr>
@@ -12787,6 +12859,8 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="3">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbols in boldface.
</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Ellipses" accesskey="4">Ellipses</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Dots.
+</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -12867,7 +12941,7 @@
<a name="g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calligraphic</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Ellipses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ellipses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calligraphic</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.2.3 <code>\boldmath</code> & <code>\unboldmath</code></h4>
@@ -12889,7 +12963,6 @@
<pre class="example">\unboldmath \( <var>math</var> \)
</pre></div>
-
<a name="index-_005cboldmath-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005cunboldmath-1"></a>
<p>Declarations to change the letters and symbols in <var>math</var> to be in
@@ -12933,6 +13006,95 @@
</p>
<hr>
+<a name="Ellipses"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Ellipses-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.2.4 Ellipses</h4>
+
+<a name="index-ellipses"></a>
+<a name="index-dots"></a>
+
+<p>Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
+continues.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{array}{cccc}
+ a_{0,0} &a_{0,1} &a_{0,2} &\ldots \\
+ a_{1,0} &\ddots \\
+ \vdots
+\end{array}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>LaTeX provides these.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\cdots</code>
+<a name="index-_005ccdots"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line, as
+in ⋯. Used as: <code>\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_{n-1}
+\)</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\ddots</code>
+<a name="index-_005cddots"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Diagonal ellipsis, ⋱. See the above example for a
+usage.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\ldots</code>
+<a name="index-_005cldots"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Ellipsis on the baseline, …. Used as: <code>\(
+x_0,\ldots x_{n-1} \)</code>. A synonym is <code>\mathellipsis</code>. A synonym
+from the <samp>amsmath</samp> package is <code>\hdots</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You can also use this command outside of mathematical text, as in
+<code>The gears, brakes, \ldots{} are all broken</code>. (In a text mode a
+synonym for <code>\ldots</code> is <code>\dots</code>.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\vdots</code>
+<a name="index-_005cvdots"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Vertical ellipsis, ⋮. See the above example for a
+usage.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-4"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-4"></a>
+
+<p>The <samp>amsmath</samp> package has the command <code>\dots</code> to semantically
+mark up ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs
+for the first two uses of the <code>\dots</code> command.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{amsmath} % in preamble
+ ...
+Suppose that \( p_0, p_1, \dots, p_{n-1} \) lists all of the primes.
+Observe that \( p_0\cdot p_1 \dots \cdot p_{n-1} +1 \) is not a multiple of any \( p_i \).
+Conclusion: there are infinitely many primes \( p_0, p_1, \dotsc \).
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In the first line LaTeX looks to the comma following <code>\dots</code> to
+determine that it should output an ellipsis on the baseline. The second
+line has a <code>\cdot</code> following <code>\dots</code> so LaTeX outputs an
+ellipsis that is on the math axis, vertically centered. However, the
+third usage has no follow-on character so you have to tell LaTeX what
+to do. You can use one of the commands: <code>\dotsc</code> if you need the
+ellipsis appropriate for a comma following, <code>\dotsb</code> if you need
+the ellipses that fits when the dots are followed by a binary operator
+or relation symbol, <code>\dotsi</code> for dots with integrals, or
+<code>\dotso</code> for others.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="Math-functions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
@@ -13154,8 +13316,8 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-4"></a>
-<a name="index-amsmath-package-4"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-5"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-5"></a>
<p>The <samp>amsmath</samp> package adds improvements on some
of these, and also allows you to define your own. See the full
documentation on CTAN, but
@@ -13169,7 +13331,7 @@
<a name="Math-accents"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spacing in math mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="n" rel="next">Over- and Underlining</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-accents-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.4 Math accents</h3>
@@ -13242,20 +13404,6 @@
<p>Math hat (circumflex) accent
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code>\imath</code>
-<a name="index-_005cimath"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-dotless-i_002c-math"></a>
-<p>Math dotless i
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\jmath</code>
-<a name="index-_005cjmath"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-dotless-j_002c-math"></a>
-<p>Math dotless j
-</p>
-</dd>
<dt><code>\mathring</code>
<a name="index-_005cmathring"></a>
</dt>
@@ -13292,15 +13440,93 @@
</dd>
</dl>
+<p>When you are putting an accent on an i or a j, the tradition is to use
+one without a dot, <code>\imath</code> or <code>jmath</code> (see <a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a>).
+</p>
<hr>
+<a name="Over_002d-and-Underlining"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spacing in math mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Over_002d-and-Underlining-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">16.5 Over- and Underlining</h3>
+
+<a name="index-overlining"></a>
+<a name="index-underlining"></a>
+
+<p>LaTeX provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
+putting braces over or under some material.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\underline{<var>text</var>}</code>
+<a name="index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Underline <var>text</var>. Works inside math mode, and outside.
+The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
+descenders, so in <code>\(\underline{y}\)</code> the line is lower than in
+<code>\(\underline{x}\)</code>. This command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
+</p>
+<a name="index-package_002c-ulem"></a>
+<a name="index-ulem-package"></a>
+
+<p>Note that the package <samp>ulem</samp> does text mode underlining and allows
+line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
+documentation is on CTAN.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code>
+<a name="index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Put a horizontal line over <var>tex</var>. Works inside math mode, and
+outside. For example, <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
+Note that this differs from the command <code>\bar</code> (see <a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</code>
+<a name="index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Put a brace under <var>math</var>. For example, this
+<code>(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code> emphasizes the telescoping part.
+Attach text to the brace by using subscript, <code>_</code>, or superscript,
+<code>^</code>, as here.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{displaymath}
+ 1+1/2+\underbrace{1/3+1/4}_{>1/2}+
+ \underbrace{1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8}_{>1/2}+\cdots
+\end{displaymath}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The superscript appears on top of the expression, and so can look
+unconnected to the underbrace.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</code>
+<a name="index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Put a brace over <var>math</var>; see also <code>\underbrace</code>. An example is
+<code>\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-1"></a>
+<a name="index-mathtools-package-1"></a>
+
+<p>The package <samp>mathtools</samp> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
+some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Over- and Underlining</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.5 Spacing in math mode</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
<a name="index-spacing-within-math-mode"></a>
<a name="index-math-mode_002c-spacing"></a>
@@ -13376,167 +13602,236 @@
Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-miscellany-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.6 Math miscellany</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.7 Math miscellany</h3>
<a name="index-math-miscellany"></a>
-<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><code>\*</code>
-<a name="index-_005c_002a"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-discretionary-multiplication"></a>
-<a name="index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break"></a>
-<p>A <em>discretionary</em> multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
-allowed. Without the break multiplication is implicitly indicated by a
-space, while in the case of a break a × symbol is
-printed immediately before the break. So
+<p>LaTeX contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are
+some that don’t fit into other categories.
</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" accesskey="1">Colon character & \colon</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Colon.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="2">\*</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Discretionary multiplication.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="3">\frac</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Fraction.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="4">\left & \right</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Paired delimiters.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="5">\sqrt</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Radicals.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="6">\stackrel</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Text over a relation.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<a name="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="n" rel="next">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-_003a"></a>
+<a name="index-colon-character"></a>
+<a name="index-_003a-1"></a>
+<a name="index-_005ccolon"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\documentclass{article}
-\begin{document}
-Now \(A_3 = 0\), hence the product of all terms \(A_1\)
-through \(A_4\), that is \(A_1\* A_2\* A_3 \* A_4\), is
-equal to zero.
-\end{document}
+<pre class="example">:
+\colon
</pre></div>
-<p>will make that sort of output <!-- /@w -->(the ellipsis ‘<samp>[…]</samp>’ is here to show the line break at
-the same place as in a TeX output):
+<p>In mathematics, the colon character, <code>:</code>, is a relation.
</p>
-<blockquote class="indentedblock">
-<p>Now <em>A_3 = 0</em>,
-[…]
-<em>A_1</em>
-through <em>A_4</em>, that is <em>A_1 A_2 \times</em><br><em>A_3 A_4</em>, is
-equal to zero.
-</p></blockquote>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
+</pre></div>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\cdots</code>
-<a name="index-_005ccdots"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line.
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-6"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-6"></a>
+
+<p>Ordinary LaTeX defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the
+colon character with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in
+set-builder notation <code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\ddots</code>
-<a name="index-_005cddots"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>A diagonal ellipsis: <em>\ddots</em>.
+<a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-7"></a>
+<a name="index-amsmath-package-7"></a>
+
+<p>But the widely-used <samp>amsmath</samp> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use
+in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>. So if you want
+the colon character as a punctuation then use <code>\mathpunct{:}</code>.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\frac{<var>num</var>}{<var>den</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005cfrac_007bnum_007d_007bden_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-_005cfrac"></a>
-<p>Produces the fraction <var>num</var> divided by <var>den</var>.
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005c_002a"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frac</a>, Previous: <a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colon character & \colon</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005c_002a-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-multiplication_002c-discretionary"></a>
+<a name="index-muiltiplication_002c-line-breaks"></a>
+<a name="index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break"></a>
+<a name="index-_005c_002a"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\*
+</pre></div>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></code>
-<a name="index-_005cleft-delim1-_002e_002e_002e-_005cright-delim2"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-_005cright"></a>
-<a name="index-null-delimiter"></a>
-<p>The two delimiters need not match; ‘<samp>.</samp>’ acts as a <em>null delimiter</em>,
-producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the math
-in between. Example: <code>\left( \sum_{i=1}^{10} a_i \right]</code>.
+<p>A multiplication symbol that allows a line break. If there is a break
+then LaTeX puts a <code>\times</code> symbol, ×, before
+that break.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathdollar</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathdollar"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+<p>In <code>\( A_1\* A_2\* A_3\* A_4 \)</code>, if there is no line break then
+LaTeX outputs it as though it were <code>\( A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 \)</code>. If
+a line break does happen, for example between the two middle ones, then
+LaTeX sets it like <code>\( A_1 A_2 \times \)</code>, followed by the
+break, followed by <code>\( A_3 A_4 \)</code>.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathellipsis</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathellipsis"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Ellipsis (spaced for text) in math mode: …
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cfrac"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="n" rel="next">\left & \right</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\*</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cfrac-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-fraction"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cfrac"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathparagraph</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathparagraph"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode: ¶.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\frac{<var>numerator</var>}{<var>denominator</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Produces the fraction <var>numerator</var> divided by <var>denominator</var>.
+Used as: <code>\begin{displaymath} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma}}
+\end{displaymath}</code>. In inline math mode it comes out small; see the
+discussion of <code>\displaystyle</code> (see <a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>).
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathsection</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathsection"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Section sign in math mode.
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sqrt</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frac</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.4 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-delimiters_002c-paired"></a>
+<a name="index-paired-delimiters"></a>
+<a name="index-matching-parentheses"></a>
+<a name="index-matching-brackets"></a>
+<a name="index-null-delimiter"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cleft"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cright"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathsterling</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathsterling"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Sterling sign in math mode: £.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\left <var>delimiter1</var> ... \right <var>delimiter2</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The delimiters
+are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a unit vector
+surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\mathunderscore</code>
-<a name="index-_005cmathunderscore"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Underscore in math mode: _.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ \left(\begin{array}{c}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end{array}\right)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Every <code>\left</code> must have a matching <code>\right</code>. Leaving out the
+<code>\left(</code> in the above gets ‘<samp>Extra \right</samp>’. Leaving off the
+<code>\right)</code> gets ‘<samp>You can't use `\eqno' in math mode</samp>’.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Generates a brace over <var>math</var>.
-For example, <code>\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \;\textrm{times}}</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Generates a horizontal line over <var>tex</var>.
-For example, <code>\overline{x+y}</code>.
+<p>However, the two delimiters <var>delimiter1</var> and <var>delimiter2</var> need
+not match. A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as
+below. Use a period, ‘<samp>.</samp>’, as a null delimiter.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{<var>arg</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005csqrt_005broot_005d_007barg_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Produces the representation of the square root of <var>arg</var>. The
-optional argument <var>root</var> determines what root to produce. For
-example, the cube root of <code>x+y</code> would be typed as
-<code>\sqrt[3]{x+y}</code>.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{equation}
+ f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
+ 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
+ \end{array}\right.
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
+backslash, <code>\{</code>.
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005cstackrel_007btext_007d_007brelation_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Puts <var>text</var> above <var>relation</var>. For example,
-<code>\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}</code>.
+
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005csqrt"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stackrel</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\left & \right</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005csqrt-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.5 <code>\sqrt</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-square-root"></a>
+<a name="index-roots"></a>
+<a name="index-radical"></a>
+<a name="index-_005csqrt"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Generates <var>math</var> with a brace underneath. For example, <code>\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}</code>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sqrt{<var>arg</var>}
+\sqrt[<var>root-number</var>]{<var>arg</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The square root, or optionally other roots, of <var>arg</var>. The optional
+argument <var>root-number</var> gives the root, i.e., enter the cube root of
+<code>x+y</code> as <code>\sqrt[3]{x+y}</code>.
+The radical grows with the size of <var>arg</var> (as the height of the
+radical grows, the angle on the leftmost part gets steeper, until for
+a large enough <code>arg</code>, it is vertical).
</p>
-<a name="index-package_002c-ulem"></a>
-<a name="index-ulem-package"></a>
+<p>LaTeX has a separate <code>\surd</code> character (see <a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a>).
+</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\underline{<var>text</var>}</code>
-<a name="index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Causes <var>text</var>, which may be either math mode or not, to be
-underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
-descenders.
-(The package <samp>ulem</samp> does underlining and allows line breaking as
-well as a number of other underline-related features. The documentation
-is on CTAN.)
+<hr>
+<a name="g_t_005cstackrel"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sqrt</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="g_t_005cstackrel-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">16.7.6 <code>\stackrel</code></h4>
+
+<a name="index-stack-math"></a>
+<a name="index-relation_002c-text-above"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cstackrel"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\vdots</code>
-<a name="index-_005cvdots"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Vertical ellipsis.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Put <var>text</var> above <var>relation</var>. To put a function name above an
+arrow enter <code>\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}</code>.
</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
<hr>
<a name="Modes"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -13903,10 +14198,10 @@
<a name="index-fancyhdr-package-1"></a>
<p>A discussion with an example is below. Note first that the package
-<samp>fancyhdr</samp> is the standard way to manipulate headers and footers
-because it makes it immensely easier. New documents that need to do
-anything other than one of the standard options below should use this
-package. See its documentation on CTAN.
+<samp>fancyhdr</samp> is now the standard way to manipulate headers and
+footers. New documents that need to do anything other than one of the
+standard options below should use this package. See its documentation
+on CTAN.
</p>
<p>Values for <var>style</var>:
</p>
@@ -14736,7 +15031,7 @@
<pre class="example">\parbox{<var>width</var>}{<var>contents</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\parbox[<var>position</var>][<var>height</var>][<var>inner-pos</var>]{<var>width</var>}{<var>contents</var>}
@@ -14807,7 +15102,7 @@
<pre class="example">\raisebox{<var>distance</var>}{<var>text</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>or:
+<p>or
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\raisebox{<var>distance</var>}[<var>height</var>][<var>depth</var>]{<var>text</var>}
@@ -16563,7 +16858,7 @@
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\ldots</code>
-<a name="index-_005cldots"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cldots-1"></a>
</dt>
<dt><code>\dots</code>
<a name="index-_005cdots"></a>
@@ -18673,8 +18968,10 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>`</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>`</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -18739,7 +19036,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file"><samp>.idx</samp> file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-file"><samp>.ind</samp> file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3">`</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3">:</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003a">:</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-4">`</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027-index-entries">‘see’ and ‘see also’ index entries</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -18760,7 +19060,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-1"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-2"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-3"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-4"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-4"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-5"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-6"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code>amsmath</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="roman">package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code>amsthm</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-appendix_002c-creating">appendix, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
@@ -18861,6 +19164,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-closing-letters">closing letters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-closing-quote">closing quote</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-code_002c-typesetting">code, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colon-character">colon character</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-1">color</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-2">color</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a></td></tr>
@@ -18919,13 +19223,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-new-fonts">defining new fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-new-theorems">defining new theorems</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definitions">definitions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delimiters_002c-paired">delimiters, paired</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-description-lists_002c-creating">description lists, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-design-size_002c-in-font-definitions">design size, in font definitions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Didot-point">Didot point</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dieresis-accent">dieresis accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-difference-between-class-and-package">difference between class and package</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-hyphenation">discretionary hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionary-multiplication">discretionary multiplication</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-display-math-mode">display math mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
@@ -18940,9 +19244,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot_002dover-accent">dot-over accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot_002dunder-accent">dot-under accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-i">dotless i</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-i_002c-math">dotless i, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-i_002c-math">dotless i, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-j">dotless j</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-j_002c-math">dotless j, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dotless-j_002c-math">dotless j, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dots">dots</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double-angle-quotation-marks">double angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text">double dagger, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text-1">double dagger, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -18959,6 +19264,7 @@
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002ddash">e-dash</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX">e-TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ellipses">ellipses</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ellipsis">ellipsis</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em">em</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash">em-dash</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -19035,6 +19341,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-math">formulas, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-forward-reference">forward reference</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-forward-references_002c-resolving">forward references, resolving</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fraction">fraction</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fragile-commands">fragile commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-French-quotation-marks">French quotation marks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-functions_002c-math">functions, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -19196,6 +19503,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-making-paragraphs">making paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-marginal-notes">marginal notes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-masculine-ordinal-symbol">masculine ordinal symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-matching-brackets">matching brackets</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-matching-parentheses">matching parentheses</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-accents">math accents</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-formulas">math formulas</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-functions">math functions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -19206,6 +19515,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-symbols">math symbols</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math_002c-bold">math, bold</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-1"><code>mathtools</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mfirstuc-package"><code>mfirstuc</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mhchem-package"><code>mhchem</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Millimeter">Millimeter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
@@ -19217,10 +19527,12 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-moving-arguments">moving arguments</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter">mpfootnote counter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mu_002c-math-unit">mu, math unit</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-muiltiplication_002c-line-breaks">muiltiplication, line breaks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multicolumn-text">multicolumn text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multilingual-support">multilingual support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multind-package"><code>multind</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication_002c-discretionary">multiplication, discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nested-_005cinclude_002c-not-allowed">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include & \includeonly</a></td></tr>
@@ -19235,7 +19547,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new-page_002c-starting">new page, starting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dEnglish-characters">non-English characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-notes-in-the-margin">notes in the margin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter">numbered items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle">numerals, old-style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
@@ -19260,6 +19572,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outer-paragraph-mode">outer paragraph mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overbar-accent">overbar accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overdot-accent_002c-math">overdot accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overlining">overlining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overview-of-LaTeX">overview of LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -19272,7 +19585,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-2"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-3"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-4"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-5"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -19302,6 +19618,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>macros2e</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-and-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter and \makeatother</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-makeidx"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>makeidx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mathtools</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mfirstuc"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mfirstuc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-mhchem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>mhchem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>minted</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
@@ -19313,7 +19630,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-symbols"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>symbols</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>textcomp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>ulem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>ulem</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-url"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>url</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-verbatimbox"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>verbatimbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-xspace"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>xspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029-after-control-sequence">\(SPACE) after control sequence</a></td></tr>
@@ -19327,6 +19644,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-style_002c-this-page">page style, this page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-styles">page styles</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-colored">page, colored</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paired-delimiters">paired delimiters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation">paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent & \parskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation_002c-in-minipage">paragraph indentation, in minipage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text">paragraph indentations in quoted text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
@@ -19374,6 +19692,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation & quote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-R">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-radical">radical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text">ragged left text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text_002c-environment-for">ragged left text, environment for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text">ragged right text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
@@ -19382,6 +19701,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reference_002c-forward">reference, forward</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-resolving-forward">references, resolving forward</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-relation_002c-text-above">relation, text above</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remarks-in-the-margin">remarks in the margin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reserved-characters">reserved characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
@@ -19401,6 +19721,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-robust-commands">robust commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-roman-font">roman font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-root-file">root file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-roots">roots</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotating-graphics">rotating graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotating-text">rotating text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotation">rotation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
@@ -19452,6 +19773,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-insertions">special insertions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specifier_002c-float-placement">specifier, float placement</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-splitting-the-input-file">splitting the input file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-square-root">square root</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stack-math">stack math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-star_002dvariants_002c-commands">star-variants, commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starred-form_002c-defining-new-commands">starred form, defining new commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page">starting a new page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
@@ -19522,9 +19845,10 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typewriter-labels-in-lists">typewriter labels in lists</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ulem-package"><code>ulem</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ulem-package"><code>ulem</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-umlaut-accent">umlaut accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underbar">underbar</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underlining">underlining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underscore_002c-in-text">underscore, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-input_002c-native">Unicode input, native</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-units_002c-of-length">units, of length</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
@@ -19570,8 +19894,10 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>`</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>`</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -19640,16 +19966,18 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>1</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>:</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>[</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>\</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>^</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -19720,10 +20048,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-11pt-option"><code>11pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-12pt-option"><code>12pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">:</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003a-1"><code>:</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-7">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0021"><code>\!</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\" <span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -19734,7 +20065,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029"><code>\' <span class="roman">(acute accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\' <span class="roman">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0028SPACE_0029"><code>\(SPACE)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029-and-_005c_0040">\(SPACE) and \@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002a"><code>\*</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002a"><code>\*</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002b"><code>\+</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002c"><code>\,</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002d"><code>\-</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
@@ -19856,7 +20187,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccaption-1"><code>\caption</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccc"><code>\cc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccdot"><code>\cdot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccdots"><code>\cdots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccdots"><code>\cdots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccentering"><code>\centering</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cchapter"><code>\chapter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccheck"><code>\check</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -19876,6 +20207,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccline"><code>\cline</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccline">\cline</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cclosing"><code>\closing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cclubsuit"><code>\clubsuit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccolon"><code>\colon</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character & \colon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-1"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-2"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
@@ -19912,7 +20244,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cddag"><code>\ddag</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cddagger"><code>\ddagger</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cddot"><code>\ddot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cddots"><code>\ddots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cddots"><code>\ddots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"><code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"><code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">\DeclareGraphicsRule</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareOption"><code>\DeclareOption</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -19991,8 +20323,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip"><code>\footskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip-1"><code>\footskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cforall"><code>\forall</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrac"><code>\frac</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrac_007bnum_007d_007bden_007d"><code>\frac{<var>num</var>}{<var>den</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrac"><code>\frac</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframe"><code>\frame</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframe">\frame</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">\fbox and \framebox</a></td></tr>
@@ -20044,7 +20375,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029"><code>\ij (ij)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cIJ-_0028IJ_0029"><code>\IJ (IJ)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cIm"><code>\Im</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cimath"><code>\imath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cimath"><code>\imath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cin"><code>\in</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cinclude"><code>\include</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include & \includeonly</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics"><code>\includegraphics</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
@@ -20070,7 +20401,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005citemsep"><code>\itemsep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005citshape"><code>\itshape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cj-_0028dotless-j_0029"><code>\j <span class="roman">(dotless j)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cjmath"><code>\jmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cjmath"><code>\jmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cJoin"><code>\Join</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029"><code>\k <span class="roman">(ogonek)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ckappa"><code>\kappa</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -20101,10 +20432,11 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clbrace"><code>\lbrace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clbrack"><code>\lbrack</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clceil"><code>\lceil</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cldots"><code>\ldots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cldots"><code>\ldots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cldots-1"><code>\ldots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cle"><code>\le</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleadsto"><code>\leadsto</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleft-delim1-_002e_002e_002e-_005cright-delim2"><code>\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleft"><code>\left</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cLeftarrow"><code>\Leftarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleftarrow"><code>\leftarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clefteqn"><code>\lefteqn</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
@@ -20171,17 +20503,16 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmarkright_007bright_007d"><code>\markright{<var>right</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathbf"><code>\mathbf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathcal"><code>\mathcal</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathdollar"><code>\mathdollar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathellipsis"><code>\mathellipsis</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathdollar"><code>\mathdollar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathnormal"><code>\mathnormal</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathparagraph"><code>\mathparagraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathparagraph"><code>\mathparagraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathring"><code>\mathring</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathrm"><code>\mathrm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathsection"><code>\mathsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathsection"><code>\mathsection</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathsf"><code>\mathsf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathsterling"><code>\mathsterling</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathsterling"><code>\mathsterling</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathtt"><code>\mathtt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathunderscore"><code>\mathunderscore</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathunderscore"><code>\mathunderscore</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathversion"><code>\mathversion</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmax"><code>\max</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmbox"><code>\mbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox">\mbox</a></td></tr>
@@ -20258,8 +20589,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coslash"><code>\oslash</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cotimes"><code>\otimes</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coval"><code>\oval</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005coval">\oval</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\overbrace{<var>math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"><code>\overline{<var>text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cowns"><code>\owns</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cP"><code>\P</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cPackageError"><code>\PackageError</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
@@ -20349,7 +20680,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crfloor"><code>\rfloor</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crhd"><code>\rhd</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crho"><code>\rho</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cright"><code>\right</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cright"><code>\right</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left & \right</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cRightarrow"><code>\Rightarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crightarrow"><code>\rightarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crightharpoondown"><code>\rightharpoondown</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -20404,14 +20735,14 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cspadesuit"><code>\spadesuit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqcap"><code>\sqcap</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqcup"><code>\sqcup</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqrt_005broot_005d_007barg_007d"><code>\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{<var>arg</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqrt"><code>\sqrt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqsubset"><code>\sqsubset</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqsubseteq"><code>\sqsubseteq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqsupset"><code>\sqsupset</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csqsupseteq"><code>\sqsupseteq</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005css-_0028ss_0029"><code>\ss (ß)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cSS-_0028SS_0029"><code>\SS (SS)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstackrel_007btext_007d_007brelation_007d"><code>\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstackrel"><code>\stackrel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstar"><code>\star</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstepcounter"><code>\stepcounter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">\stepcounter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstop"><code>\stop</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
@@ -20541,8 +20872,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath"><code>\unboldmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath-1"><code>\unboldmath</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath & \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunderbar"><code>\underbar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d"><code>\underline{<var>text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\underbrace{<var>math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d"><code>\underline{<var>text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunitlength"><code>\unitlength</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunlhd"><code>\unlhd</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cunrhd"><code>\unrhd</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -20569,7 +20900,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvarsigma"><code>\varsigma</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvartheta"><code>\vartheta</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvdash"><code>\vdash</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvdots"><code>\vdots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvdots"><code>\vdots</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ellipses">Ellipses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvec"><code>\vec</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvector"><code>\vector</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvector">\vector</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cvee"><code>\vee</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -20613,13 +20944,13 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e"><code>\~</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"><code>\~ <span class="roman">(tilde accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-7">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-8">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005e"><code>^</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-8">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-9">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005f"><code>_</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-9">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-10">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"><code>{...} <span class="roman">for required arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -20806,16 +21137,18 @@
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>1</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>:</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>[</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>\</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>^</b></a>
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
+
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-08 16:55:33 UTC (rev 644)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-09 23:37:33 UTC (rev 645)
@@ -2410,7 +2410,7 @@
...
\end{array}
- or
+or
\begin{array}[POS]{COLS}
COLUMN 1 ENTRY &COLUMN 2 ENTRY ... &COLUMN N ENTRY \\
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@
... text ...
\end{center}
- or
+or
\begin{center}
text on first line \\
@@ -2531,7 +2531,7 @@
{\centering ... }
- or
+or
\begin{group}
\centering ...
@@ -2810,7 +2810,7 @@
...
\end{eqnarray}
- or
+or
\begin{eqnarray*}
FIRST FORMULA LEFT &FIRST FORMULA MIDDLE &FIRST FORMULA RIGHT \\
@@ -2882,7 +2882,7 @@
\label{LABEL} % optional
\end{figure}
- or
+or
\begin{figure*}[PLACEMENT]
figure body
@@ -2938,7 +2938,7 @@
TEXT
\end{filecontents}
- or
+or
\begin{filecontents*}{FILENAME}
TEXT
@@ -3024,7 +3024,7 @@
{\raggedright ... }
- or
+or
\begin{ENVIRONMENT} \raggedright
...
@@ -3084,7 +3084,7 @@
{\raggedleft ... }
- or
+or
\begin{ENVIRONMENT} \raggedleft
...
@@ -3498,7 +3498,8 @@
\item text of item
- or
+or
+
\item[OPTIONAL-LABEL] text of item
An entry in a list. The entries are prefixed by a label, whose
@@ -3595,7 +3596,7 @@
CONTENTS
\end{minipage}
- or:
+or
\begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}
CONTENTS
@@ -3737,7 +3738,7 @@
PICTURE COMMANDS
\end{picture}
- or
+or
\begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(XOFFSET,YOFFSET)
PICTURE COMMANDS
@@ -4304,7 +4305,7 @@
TEXT
\end{quotation}
- or
+or
\begin{quote}
TEXT
@@ -4488,7 +4489,7 @@
TABLE BODY
\end{table}
- or:
+or
\begin{table}[PLACEMENT]
TABLE BODY
@@ -4959,7 +4960,7 @@
\bibitem{CITE_KEY}
- or:
+or
\bibitem[LABEL]{CITE_KEY}
@@ -5021,7 +5022,7 @@
\cite{KEYS}
- or:
+or
\cite[SUBCITE]{KEYS}
@@ -5315,11 +5316,18 @@
Separate the lines of each stanza with '\\', and use one or more
blank lines to separate the stanzas.
- A poem is a piece of poetry.
+ \begin{verse}
+ \makebox[\linewidth][c]{\textit{Shut Not Your Doors} ---Walt Whitman}
+ \\[1\baselineskip]
+ Shut not your doors to me proud libraries, \\
+ For that which was lacking on all your well-fill'd shelves, \\
+ \qquad yet needed most, I bring, \\
+ Forth from the war emerging, a book I have made, \\
+ The words of my book nothing, the drift of it every thing, \\
+ A book separate, not link'd with the rest nor felt by the intellect, \\
+ But you ye untold latencies will thrill to every page.
+ \end{verse}
- And don't let the head of the poetry society \\
- tell you diff'rent.
-
The output has margins indented on the left and the right, paragraphs
are not indented, and the text is not right-justified.
@@ -5365,7 +5373,7 @@
\\
\\[MORESPACE]
- or one of:
+or one of these.
\\*
\\*[MORESPACE]
@@ -5634,7 +5642,7 @@
\linebreak
\linebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
- or one of:
+or one of these.
\nolinebreak
\nolinebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
@@ -5707,7 +5715,7 @@
\clearpage
- or:
+or
\cleardoublepage
@@ -5816,7 +5824,7 @@
\pagebreak
\pagebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
- or:
+or
\nopagebreak
\nopagebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
@@ -6170,7 +6178,7 @@
\newcommand*{\CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN}
\newcommand*{\CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
- or one of:
+or one of these.
\renewcommand{\CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN}
\renewcommand{\CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN}
@@ -6428,7 +6436,7 @@
\newenvironment*{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
\newenvironment*{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
- or one of:
+or one of these.
\renewenvironment{ENV}{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
\renewenvironment{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
@@ -6755,7 +6763,7 @@
\ignorespaces
- or
+or
\ignorespacesafterend
@@ -7414,7 +7422,7 @@
\indent
- or:
+or
\noindent
@@ -7593,13 +7601,14 @@
The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some
differences. One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts;
in display math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they
-are closer together. Sometimes you want the display math treatment to
-happen in the inline math mode. For this, the '\displaystyle'
-declaration forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
-'displaymath'. Thus '\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n\)' will have
-the limits above and below the summation sign, not next to it. Another
-example is that
+are closer together.
+ Sometimes you want the display math treatment to happen in the inline
+math mode. For this, the '\displaystyle' declaration forces the size
+and style of the formula to be that of 'displaymath'. Thus
+'\(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n\)' will have the limits above and
+below the summation sign, not next to it. Another example is that
+
\begin{tabular}{r|cc}
\textsc{Name} &\textsc{Series} &\textsc{Sum} \\ \hline
Arithmetic &\( a+(a+b)+(a+2b)+\cdots+(a+(n-1)b) \)
@@ -7619,6 +7628,7 @@
* Math symbols:: Various mathematical squiggles.
* Math functions:: Math function names like sin and exp.
* Math accents:: Accents in math.
+* Over- and Underlining:: Things over or under formulas.
* Spacing in math mode:: Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
* Math miscellany:: Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
@@ -7632,7 +7642,7 @@
BASE^EXP
- or:
+or
BASE_EXP
@@ -7949,6 +7959,10 @@
'\Im'
U+2111 Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part '\Re'.
+'\imath'
+ Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (*note Math
+ accents::).
+
'\in'
U+2208 Set element (relation). See also: lower case lunate
epsilon '\epsilon'U+03F5 and small letter script
@@ -7967,6 +7981,10 @@
U+2A1D Condensed bowtie symbol (relation). Not available in Plain
TeX.
+'\jmath'
+ Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (*note Math
+ accents::).
+
'\kappa'
U+03BA Lower case Greek letter (ordinary).
@@ -8555,11 +8573,30 @@
'\zeta'
U+03B6 Lower case Greek letter (ordinary).
+ The following symbols are most often used in plain text but LaTeX
+provides versions to use in mathematical text.
+
+'\mathdollar'
+ Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+
+'\mathparagraph'
+ Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, U+00B6.
+
+'\mathsection'
+ Section sign in math mode U+00A7.
+
+'\mathsterling'
+ Sterling sign in math mode: #.
+
+'\mathunderscore'
+ Underscore in math mode: _.
+
* Menu:
* Blackboard bold:: Doublestruck characters.
* Calligraphic:: Cursive characters.
* \boldmath & \unboldmath:: Symbols in boldface.
+* Ellipses:: Dots.
File: latex2e.info, Node: Blackboard bold, Next: Calligraphic, Up: Math symbols
@@ -8612,7 +8649,7 @@
outputs a plus sign.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath, Prev: Calligraphic, Up: Math symbols
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath, Next: Ellipses, Prev: Calligraphic, Up: Math symbols
16.2.3 '\boldmath' & '\unboldmath'
----------------------------------
@@ -8621,7 +8658,7 @@
\boldmath \( MATH \)
- or
+or
\unboldmath \( MATH \)
@@ -8655,6 +8692,62 @@
strongly suggests that it is an improvement over '\boldmath'.
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Ellipses, Prev: \boldmath & \unboldmath, Up: Math symbols
+
+16.2.4 Ellipses
+---------------
+
+Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
+continues.
+
+ \begin{array}{cccc}
+ a_{0,0} &a_{0,1} &a_{0,2} &\ldots \\
+ a_{1,0} &\ddots \\
+ \vdots
+ \end{array}
+
+ LaTeX provides these.
+
+'\cdots'
+ Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line,
+ as in U+22EF. Used as: '\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_{n-1} \)'.
+
+'\ddots'
+ Diagonal ellipsis, U+22F1. See the above example for a usage.
+
+'\ldots'
+ Ellipsis on the baseline, U+2026. Used as: '\( x_0,\ldots x_{n-1}
+ \)'. A synonym is '\mathellipsis'. A synonym from the 'amsmath'
+ package is '\hdots'.
+
+ You can also use this command outside of mathematical text, as in
+ 'The gears, brakes, \ldots{} are all broken'. (In a text mode a
+ synonym for '\ldots' is '\dots'.)
+
+'\vdots'
+ Vertical ellipsis, U+22EE. See the above example for a usage.
+
+ The 'amsmath' package has the command '\dots' to semantically mark up
+ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs for the
+first two uses of the '\dots' command.
+
+ \usepackage{amsmath} % in preamble
+ ...
+ Suppose that \( p_0, p_1, \dots, p_{n-1} \) lists all of the primes.
+ Observe that \( p_0\cdot p_1 \dots \cdot p_{n-1} +1 \) is not a multiple of any \( p_i \).
+ Conclusion: there are infinitely many primes \( p_0, p_1, \dotsc \).
+
+ In the first line LaTeX looks to the comma following '\dots' to
+determine that it should output an ellipsis on the baseline. The second
+line has a '\cdot' following '\dots' so LaTeX outputs an ellipsis that
+is on the math axis, vertically centered. However, the third usage has
+no follow-on character so you have to tell LaTeX what to do. You can
+use one of the commands: '\dotsc' if you need the ellipsis appropriate
+for a comma following, '\dotsb' if you need the ellipses that fits when
+the dots are followed by a binary operator or relation symbol, '\dotsi'
+for dots with integrals, or '\dotso' for others.
+
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Math functions, Next: Math accents, Prev: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas
16.3 Math functions
@@ -8773,7 +8866,7 @@
traditional with '\lim', '\sup', or '\max'.
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Math accents, Next: Spacing in math mode, Prev: Math functions, Up: Math formulas
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Math accents, Next: Over- and Underlining, Prev: Math functions, Up: Math formulas
16.4 Math accents
=================
@@ -8806,12 +8899,6 @@
'\hat'
Math hat (circumflex) accent
-'\imath'
- Math dotless i
-
-'\jmath'
- Math dotless j
-
'\mathring'
Math ring accent
@@ -8827,10 +8914,58 @@
'\widetilde'
Math wide tilde accent
+ When you are putting an accent on an i or a j, the tradition is to
+use one without a dot, '\imath' or 'jmath' (*note Math symbols::).
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math miscellany, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Over- and Underlining, Next: Spacing in math mode, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas
-16.5 Spacing in math mode
+16.5 Over- and Underlining
+==========================
+
+LaTeX provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or putting
+braces over or under some material.
+
+'\underline{TEXT}'
+ Underline TEXT. Works inside math mode, and outside. The line is
+ always completely below the text, taking account of descenders, so
+ in '\(\underline{y}\)' the line is lower than in
+ '\(\underline{x}\)'. This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
+
+ Note that the package 'ulem' does text mode underlining and allows
+ line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
+ documentation is on CTAN.
+
+'\overline{TEXT}'
+ Put a horizontal line over TEX. Works inside math mode, and
+ outside. For example, '\overline{x+y}'. Note that this differs
+ from the command '\bar' (*note Math accents::).
+
+'\underbrace{MATH}'
+ Put a brace under MATH. For example, this
+ '(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)' emphasizes the telescoping part.
+ Attach text to the brace by using subscript, '_', or superscript,
+ '^', as here.
+
+ \begin{displaymath}
+ 1+1/2+\underbrace{1/3+1/4}_{>1/2}+
+ \underbrace{1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8}_{>1/2}+\cdots
+ \end{displaymath}
+
+ The superscript appears on top of the expression, and so can look
+ unconnected to the underbrace.
+
+'\overbrace{MATH}'
+ Put a brace over MATH; see also '\underbrace'. An example is
+ '\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}'.
+
+ The package 'mathtools' adds an over- and underbrace, as well as some
+improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math miscellany, Prev: Over- and Underlining, Up: Math formulas
+
+16.6 Spacing in math mode
=========================
When typesetting mathematics, LaTeX puts in spacing according to the
@@ -8877,93 +9012,149 @@
File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas
-16.6 Math miscellany
+16.7 Math miscellany
====================
-'\*'
- A "discretionary" multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
- allowed. Without the break multiplication is implicitly indicated
- by a space, while in the case of a break a U+00D7 symbol is printed
- immediately before the break. So
+LaTeX contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are some
+that don't fit into other categories.
- \documentclass{article}
- \begin{document}
- Now \(A_3 = 0\), hence the product of all terms \(A_1\)
- through \(A_4\), that is \(A_1\* A_2\* A_3 \* A_4\), is
- equal to zero.
- \end{document}
+* Menu:
- will make that sort of output (the ellipsis '[...]' is here to show
- the line break at the same place as in a TeX output):
+* Colon character & \colon:: Colon.
+* \*:: Discretionary multiplication.
+* \frac:: Fraction.
+* \left & \right:: Paired delimiters.
+* \sqrt:: Radicals.
+* \stackrel:: Text over a relation.
- Now A_3 = 0, [...] A_1 through A_4, that is A_1 A_2 \times
- A_3 A_4, is equal to zero.
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Colon character & \colon, Next: \*, Up: Math miscellany
-'\cdots'
- A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the
- line.
+16.7.1 Colon character ':' & '\colon'
+-------------------------------------
-'\ddots'
- A diagonal ellipsis: \ddots.
+Synopsis, one of:
-'\frac{NUM}{DEN}'
- Produces the fraction NUM divided by DEN.
+ :
+ \colon
-'\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2'
- The two delimiters need not match; '.' acts as a "null delimiter",
- producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the
- math in between. Example: '\left( \sum_{i=1}^{10} a_i \right]'.
+ In mathematics, the colon character, ':', is a relation.
-'\mathdollar'
- Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+ With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
-'\mathellipsis'
- Ellipsis (spaced for text) in math mode: ...
+Ordinary LaTeX defines '\colon' to produce the colon character with the
+spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation
+'\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}'.
-'\mathparagraph'
- Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode: U+00B6.
+ But the widely-used 'amsmath' package defines '\colon' for use in the
+definition of functions 'f\colon D\to C'. So if you want the colon
+character as a punctuation then use '\mathpunct{:}'.
-'\mathsection'
- Section sign in math mode.
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \*, Next: \frac, Prev: Colon character & \colon, Up: Math miscellany
-'\mathsterling'
- Sterling sign in math mode: #.
+16.7.2 '\*'
+-----------
-'\mathunderscore'
- Underscore in math mode: _.
+Synopsis:
-'\overbrace{MATH}'
- Generates a brace over MATH. For example,
- '\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \;\textrm{times}}'.
+ \*
-'\overline{TEXT}'
- Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For example,
- '\overline{x+y}'.
+ A multiplication symbol that allows a line break. If there is a
+break then LaTeX puts a '\times' symbol, U+00D7, before that break.
-'\sqrt[ROOT]{ARG}'
- Produces the representation of the square root of ARG. The
- optional argument ROOT determines what root to produce. For
- example, the cube root of 'x+y' would be typed as '\sqrt[3]{x+y}'.
+ In '\( A_1\* A_2\* A_3\* A_4 \)', if there is no line break then
+LaTeX outputs it as though it were '\( A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 \)'. If a line
+break does happen, for example between the two middle ones, then LaTeX
+sets it like '\( A_1 A_2 \times \)', followed by the break, followed by
+'\( A_3 A_4 \)'.
-'\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}'
- Puts TEXT above RELATION. For example,
- '\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}'.
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \frac, Next: \left & \right, Prev: \*, Up: Math miscellany
-'\underbrace{MATH}'
- Generates MATH with a brace underneath. For example,
- '\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}'
+16.7.3 '\frac'
+--------------
-'\underline{TEXT}'
- Causes TEXT, which may be either math mode or not, to be
- underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
- descenders. (The package 'ulem' does underlining and allows line
- breaking as well as a number of other underline-related features.
- The documentation is on CTAN.)
+Synopsis:
-'\vdots'
- Vertical ellipsis.
+ \frac{NUMERATOR}{DENOMINATOR}
+ Produces the fraction NUMERATOR divided by DENOMINATOR. Used as:
+'\begin{displaymath} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma}} \end{displaymath}'. In
+inline math mode it comes out small; see the discussion of
+'\displaystyle' (*note Math formulas::).
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \left & \right, Next: \sqrt, Prev: \frac, Up: Math miscellany
+
+16.7.4 '\left' & '\right'
+-------------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \left DELIMITER1 ... \right DELIMITER2
+
+ Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The
+delimiters are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a
+unit vector surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \left(\begin{array}{c}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end{array}\right)
+
+ Every '\left' must have a matching '\right'. Leaving out the
+'\left(' in the above gets 'Extra \right'. Leaving off the '\right)'
+gets 'You can't use `\eqno' in math mode'.
+
+ However, the two delimiters DELIMITER1 and DELIMITER2 need not match.
+A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a
+period, '.', as a null delimiter.
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
+ 1 &\mbox{--if \(n=0\)} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox{--else}
+ \end{array}\right.
+ \end{equation}
+
+ Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with
+a backslash, '\{'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \sqrt, Next: \stackrel, Prev: \left & \right, Up: Math miscellany
+
+16.7.5 '\sqrt'
+--------------
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \sqrt{ARG}
+ \sqrt[ROOT-NUMBER]{ARG}
+
+ The square root, or optionally other roots, of ARG. The optional
+argument ROOT-NUMBER gives the root, i.e., enter the cube root of 'x+y'
+as '\sqrt[3]{x+y}'. The radical grows with the size of ARG (as the
+height of the radical grows, the angle on the leftmost part gets
+steeper, until for a large enough 'arg', it is vertical).
+
+ LaTeX has a separate '\surd' character (*note Math symbols::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \stackrel, Prev: \sqrt, Up: Math miscellany
+
+16.7.6 '\stackrel'
+------------------
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}
+
+ Put TEXT above RELATION. To put a function name above an arrow enter
+'\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}'.
+
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Modes, Next: Page styles, Prev: Math formulas, Up: Top
17 Modes
@@ -9216,10 +9407,9 @@
typeset, from the current page onwards.
A discussion with an example is below. Note first that the package
-'fancyhdr' is the standard way to manipulate headers and footers because
-it makes it immensely easier. New documents that need to do anything
-other than one of the standard options below should use this package.
-See its documentation on CTAN.
+'fancyhdr' is now the standard way to manipulate headers and footers.
+New documents that need to do anything other than one of the standard
+options below should use this package. See its documentation on CTAN.
Values for STYLE:
@@ -9798,7 +9988,7 @@
\parbox{WIDTH}{CONTENTS}
- or:
+or
\parbox[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}{CONTENTS}
@@ -9851,7 +10041,7 @@
\raisebox{DISTANCE}{TEXT}
- or:
+or
\raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{TEXT}
@@ -10071,7 +10261,7 @@
\textcolor{NAME}{...}
\textcolor[COLOR MODEL]{COLOR SPECIFICATION}{...}
- or
+or
\color{NAME}
\color[COLOR MODEL]{SPECIFICATION}
@@ -10140,7 +10330,7 @@
\colorbox{NAME}{...}
\colorbox[MODEL NAME]{BOX BACKGROUND COLOR SPECIFICATION}{...}
- or
+or
\fcolorbox{FRAME COLOR}{BOX BACKGROUND COLOR}{...}
\fcolorbox[MODEL NAME]{FRAME COLOR SPECIFICATION}{BOX BACKGROUND COLOR SPECIFICATION}{...}
@@ -10249,7 +10439,7 @@
\usepackage[COMMA-SEPARATED OPTION LIST]{graphics}
- or
+or
\usepackage[COMMA-SEPARATED OPTION LIST]{graphicx}
@@ -12426,6 +12616,8 @@
* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 8)
* .idx file: Indexes. (line 9)
* .ind file: Indexes. (line 23)
+* :: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 6)
* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 16)
* abstracts: abstract. (line 6)
* accents: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -12446,7 +12638,12 @@
* amsmath package <1>: displaymath. (line 22)
* amsmath package <2>: theorem. (line 28)
* amsmath package <3>: Math formulas. (line 21)
-* amsmath package <4>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* amsmath package <4>: Ellipses. (line 36)
+* amsmath package <5>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* amsmath package <6>: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 15)
+* amsmath package <7>: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 19)
* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 6)
* amsthm package: theorem. (line 28)
* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 37)
@@ -12563,6 +12760,8 @@
* closing letters: \closing. (line 6)
* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 55)
* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6)
+* colon character: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 6)
* color: Color. (line 6)
* color <1>: Define colors. (line 6)
* color <2>: Colored text. (line 6)
@@ -12631,6 +12830,7 @@
* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 6)
* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 6)
* definitions: Definitions. (line 6)
+* delimiters, paired: \left & \right. (line 6)
* description lists, creating: description. (line 6)
* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 19)
* Didot point: Units of length. (line 30)
@@ -12638,7 +12838,6 @@
* difference between class and package: Class and package construction.
(line 15)
* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 6)
-* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 7)
* display math mode: Modes. (line 28)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation & quote.
(line 6)
@@ -12657,9 +12856,10 @@
* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 25)
* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 55)
* dotless i: Accents. (line 63)
-* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 35)
+* dotless i, math: Math symbols. (line 271)
* dotless j: Accents. (line 66)
-* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 38)
+* dotless j, math: Math symbols. (line 294)
+* dots: Ellipses. (line 6)
* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 18)
* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 107)
@@ -12675,6 +12875,7 @@
* doublestruck: Blackboard bold. (line 6)
* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 116)
* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 12)
+* ellipses: Ellipses. (line 6)
* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 36)
* em: Units of length. (line 38)
* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 113)
@@ -12769,6 +12970,7 @@
* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 6)
* forward reference: Cross references. (line 27)
* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 33)
+* fraction: \frac. (line 6)
* fragile commands: \protect. (line 6)
* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
* functions, math: Math functions. (line 6)
@@ -12941,6 +13143,8 @@
* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 6)
* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 135)
+* matching brackets: \left & \right. (line 6)
+* matching parentheses: \left & \right. (line 6)
* math accents: Math accents. (line 6)
* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 6)
* math functions: Math functions. (line 6)
@@ -12952,6 +13156,8 @@
* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 6)
* math, bold: Font styles. (line 130)
* mathtools package: Math formulas. (line 21)
+* mathtools package <1>: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 42)
* mfirstuc package: Upper and lower case.
(line 45)
* mhchem package: Subscripts & superscripts.
@@ -12965,11 +13171,12 @@
* moving arguments: \protect. (line 19)
* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 62)
* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 49)
+* muiltiplication, line breaks: \*. (line 6)
* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 6)
* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6)
* multind package: Indexes. (line 39)
-* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany.
- (line 7)
+* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: \*. (line 6)
+* multiplication, discretionary: \*. (line 6)
* nested \include, not allowed: \include & \includeonly.
(line 99)
* new class commands: Class and package construction.
@@ -12989,7 +13196,7 @@
* non-English characters: Additional Latin letters.
(line 6)
* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 6)
-* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 36)
+* null delimiter: \left & \right. (line 6)
* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 6)
* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 134)
* oblique font: Font styles. (line 89)
@@ -13021,6 +13228,8 @@
* outer paragraph mode: Modes. (line 46)
* overbar accent: Accents. (line 29)
* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 26)
+* overlining: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 6)
* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 6)
* package file layout: Class and package structure.
(line 6)
@@ -13034,7 +13243,12 @@
* package, amsmath <1>: displaymath. (line 22)
* package, amsmath <2>: theorem. (line 28)
* package, amsmath <3>: Math formulas. (line 21)
-* package, amsmath <4>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* package, amsmath <4>: Ellipses. (line 36)
+* package, amsmath <5>: Math functions. (line 111)
+* package, amsmath <6>: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 15)
+* package, amsmath <7>: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 19)
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
* package, babel: thebibliography. (line 53)
* package, babel <1>: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -13070,6 +13284,8 @@
(line 39)
* package, makeidx: Indexes. (line 28)
* package, mathtools: Math formulas. (line 21)
+* package, mathtools <1>: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 42)
* package, mfirstuc: Upper and lower case.
(line 45)
* package, mhchem: Subscripts & superscripts.
@@ -13085,7 +13301,8 @@
* package, textcase: Upper and lower case.
(line 42)
* package, textcomp: Font styles. (line 134)
-* package, ulem: Math miscellany. (line 79)
+* package, ulem: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 15)
* package, url: \verb. (line 30)
* package, verbatimbox: verbatim. (line 37)
* package, xspace: \(SPACE) after control sequence.
@@ -13103,6 +13320,7 @@
* page style, this page: \thispagestyle. (line 6)
* page styles: Page styles. (line 6)
* page, colored: Colored pages. (line 6)
+* paired delimiters: \left & \right. (line 6)
* paragraph indentation: \parindent & \parskip.
(line 6)
* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 108)
@@ -13157,6 +13375,7 @@
(line 6)
* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation & quote.
(line 6)
+* radical: \sqrt. (line 6)
* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 6)
* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 6)
@@ -13166,6 +13385,7 @@
* reference, forward: Cross references. (line 27)
* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 33)
* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 163)
+* relation, text above: \stackrel. (line 6)
* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 21)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters. (line 6)
@@ -13182,10 +13402,11 @@
* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 6)
* ring accent: Accents. (line 75)
-* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 41)
+* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 35)
* robust commands: \protect. (line 6)
* roman font: Font styles. (line 80)
* root file: Splitting the input. (line 10)
+* roots: \sqrt. (line 6)
* rotating graphics: \rotatebox. (line 6)
* rotating text: \rotatebox. (line 6)
* rotation: \rotatebox. (line 6)
@@ -13243,6 +13464,8 @@
* special insertions: Special insertions. (line 6)
* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 31)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input. (line 6)
+* square root: \sqrt. (line 6)
+* stack math: \stackrel. (line 6)
* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 6)
* starred form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 25)
@@ -13301,7 +13524,7 @@
* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 169)
* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 81)
* tilde accent: Accents. (line 43)
-* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 44)
+* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 38)
* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 67)
* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
(line 71)
@@ -13320,9 +13543,12 @@
* typefaces: Fonts. (line 6)
* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 92)
* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 34)
-* ulem package: Math miscellany. (line 79)
+* ulem package: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 15)
* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 16)
* underbar: Accents. (line 89)
+* underlining: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 6)
* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 178)
* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 6)
* units, of length: Units of length. (line 6)
@@ -13334,7 +13560,7 @@
* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 6)
* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 6)
-* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 47)
+* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 41)
* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6)
* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6)
* verbatimbox package: verbatim. (line 37)
@@ -13350,8 +13576,8 @@
* weights, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
(line 58)
* white space: Spaces. (line 6)
-* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 50)
-* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 53)
+* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 44)
+* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 47)
* widths, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
(line 70)
* writing external files: filecontents. (line 6)
@@ -13391,6 +13617,8 @@
(line 14)
* 12pt option: Document class options.
(line 14)
+* :: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 6)
* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
(line 6)
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
@@ -13405,7 +13633,7 @@
* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 20)
* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 87)
* \(SPACE): \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6)
-* \*: Math miscellany. (line 6)
+* \*: \*. (line 6)
* \+: tabbing. (line 79)
* \,: Spacing in math mode.
(line 31)
@@ -13547,7 +13775,7 @@
* \caption <1>: table. (line 47)
* \cc: \cc. (line 6)
* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 126)
-* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 25)
+* \cdots: Ellipses. (line 17)
* \centering: \centering. (line 6)
* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 9)
* \check: Math accents. (line 19)
@@ -13576,6 +13804,8 @@
* \cline: \cline. (line 6)
* \closing: \closing. (line 6)
* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 137)
+* \colon: Colon character & \colon.
+ (line 6)
* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 22)
* \columnsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
@@ -13619,7 +13849,7 @@
* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 17)
* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 164)
* \ddot: Math accents. (line 22)
-* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 29)
+* \ddots: Ellipses. (line 21)
* \DeclareGraphicsExtensions: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
(line 6)
* \DeclareGraphicsRule: \DeclareGraphicsRule.
@@ -13720,8 +13950,7 @@
* \footskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 27)
* \forall: Math symbols. (line 224)
-* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 33)
-* \frac{NUM}{DEN}: Math miscellany. (line 32)
+* \frac: \frac. (line 6)
* \frame: \frame. (line 6)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture). (line 6)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox. (line 6)
@@ -13784,8 +14013,8 @@
* \IJ (IJ): Additional Latin letters.
(line 32)
* \Im: Math symbols. (line 267)
-* \imath: Math accents. (line 34)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 270)
+* \imath: Math symbols. (line 270)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 274)
* \include: \include & \includeonly.
(line 6)
* \includegraphics: \includegraphics. (line 6)
@@ -13796,14 +14025,14 @@
* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 12)
* \indexspace: Indexes. (line 32)
* \inf: Math functions. (line 57)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 276)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 280)
* \input: \input. (line 6)
* \InputIfFileExists: Class and package commands.
(line 127)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 279)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 283)
* \intextsep: Floats. (line 118)
* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 119)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 282)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 286)
* \it: Font styles. (line 76)
* \item: description. (line 29)
* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 29)
@@ -13813,10 +14042,10 @@
* \itemsep: list. (line 82)
* \itshape: Font styles. (line 33)
* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 66)
-* \jmath: Math accents. (line 37)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 285)
+* \jmath: Math symbols. (line 293)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 289)
* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 70)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 289)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 297)
* \ker: Math functions. (line 60)
* \kill: tabbing. (line 107)
* \l (/l): Additional Latin letters.
@@ -13834,27 +14063,28 @@
* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 34)
* \labelsep: list. (line 94)
* \labelwidth: list. (line 99)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 292)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 295)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 298)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 303)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 300)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 303)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 306)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 311)
* \large: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \Large: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 20)
* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 23)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 308)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 312)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 316)
-* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 33)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 320)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 324)
-* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 35)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 331)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 336)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 316)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 320)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 324)
+* \ldots: Ellipses. (line 24)
+* \ldots <1>: Text symbols. (line 33)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 328)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 332)
+* \left: \left & \right. (line 6)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 339)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 344)
* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 46)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 340)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 343)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 348)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 351)
* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 53)
* \leftmargin <1>: list. (line 119)
* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 53)
@@ -13863,12 +14093,12 @@
* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 53)
* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 53)
* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 53)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 346)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 351)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 356)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 360)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 354)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 359)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 364)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 368)
* \lg: Math functions. (line 63)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 363)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 371)
* \lim: Math functions. (line 66)
* \liminf: Math functions. (line 69)
* \limsup: Math functions. (line 72)
@@ -13885,20 +14115,20 @@
* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 16)
* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 16)
* \listparindent: list. (line 136)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 371)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 379)
* \ln: Math functions. (line 75)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 375)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 383)
* \LoadClass: Class and package commands.
(line 144)
* \LoadClassWithOptions: Class and package commands.
(line 144)
* \location: \location. (line 6)
* \log: Math functions. (line 78)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 378)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 383)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 387)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 392)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 397)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 386)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 391)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 395)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 400)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 405)
* \lq: Text symbols. (line 39)
* \makebox: \makebox. (line 6)
* \makebox (for picture): \makebox (picture). (line 6)
@@ -13907,7 +14137,7 @@
* \makelabel: list. (line 55)
* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 6)
* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 6)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 400)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 408)
* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* \marginparpush: Page layout parameters.
(line 40)
@@ -13924,21 +14154,20 @@
(line 41)
* \marginsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 43)
-* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 76)
-* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 85)
+* \markboth{LEFT-HEAD}{RIGHT-HEAD}: \pagestyle. (line 75)
+* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 84)
* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 112)
* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 128)
-* \mathdollar: Math miscellany. (line 40)
-* \mathellipsis: Math miscellany. (line 43)
+* \mathdollar: Math symbols. (line 914)
* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 125)
-* \mathparagraph: Math miscellany. (line 46)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 40)
+* \mathparagraph: Math symbols. (line 917)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 34)
* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 109)
-* \mathsection: Math miscellany. (line 49)
+* \mathsection: Math symbols. (line 920)
* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 115)
-* \mathsterling: Math miscellany. (line 52)
+* \mathsterling: Math symbols. (line 923)
* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 118)
-* \mathunderscore: Math miscellany. (line 55)
+* \mathunderscore: Math symbols. (line 926)
* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 130)
* \max: Math functions. (line 81)
* \mbox: \mbox. (line 6)
@@ -13949,24 +14178,24 @@
(line 15)
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 27)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 404)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 409)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 412)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 417)
* \min: Math functions. (line 84)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 419)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 427)
* \month: \day \month \year. (line 6)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 424)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 427)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 432)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 435)
* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 6)
* \multiput: \multiput. (line 6)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 430)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 438)
* \name: \name. (line 6)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 433)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 436)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 439)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 441)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 444)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 447)
* \NeedsTeXFormat: Class and package commands.
(line 176)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 442)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 446)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 450)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 454)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 6)
* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 6)
@@ -13984,7 +14213,7 @@
(line 40)
* \NG: Additional Latin letters.
(line 40)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 449)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 457)
* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6)
* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 21)
* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 21)
@@ -14000,10 +14229,10 @@
* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 23)
* \normalsfcodes: \normalsfcodes. (line 6)
* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 454)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 462)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 466)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 469)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 462)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 470)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 474)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 477)
* \o (/o): Additional Latin letters.
(line 44)
* \O (/O): Additional Latin letters.
@@ -14016,27 +14245,29 @@
(line 66)
* \oddsidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
(line 68)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 472)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 480)
* \oe (oe): Additional Latin letters.
(line 48)
* \OE (OE): Additional Latin letters.
(line 48)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 477)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 485)
* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 134)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 481)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 484)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 487)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 489)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 492)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 495)
* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 6)
* \opening: \opening. (line 6)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 490)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 498)
* \OptionNotUsed: Class and package commands.
(line 192)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 494)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 497)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 502)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 505)
* \oval: \oval. (line 6)
-* \overbrace{MATH}: Math miscellany. (line 58)
-* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 62)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 502)
+* \overbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 38)
+* \overline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 19)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 510)
* \P: Text symbols. (line 42)
* \PackageError: Class and package commands.
(line 41)
@@ -14063,7 +14294,7 @@
(line 86)
* \par: \par. (line 6)
* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 14)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 507)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 515)
* \parbox: \parbox. (line 6)
* \parindent: minipage. (line 108)
* \parindent <1>: \indent & \noindent. (line 6)
@@ -14074,7 +14305,7 @@
(line 6)
* \parskip example: itemize. (line 72)
* \part: Sectioning. (line 8)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 510)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 518)
* \partopsep: list. (line 151)
* \PassOptionsToClass: Class and package commands.
(line 198)
@@ -14084,26 +14315,26 @@
(line 40)
* \pdfpagewidth: Document class options.
(line 40)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 513)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 518)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 522)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 525)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 529)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 521)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 526)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 530)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 533)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 537)
* \pmod: Math functions. (line 87)
* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 113)
* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 114)
* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 46)
* \Pr: Math functions. (line 90)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 532)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 535)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 540)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 540)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 543)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 548)
* \printindex: Indexes. (line 28)
* \ProcessOptions: Class and package commands.
(line 232)
* \ProcessOptions*: Class and package commands.
(line 232)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 549)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 552)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 557)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 560)
* \protect: \protect. (line 6)
* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 6)
* \ProvidesClass: Class and package commands.
@@ -14113,8 +14344,8 @@
* \ProvidesPackage: Class and package commands.
(line 270)
* \ps: \ps. (line 6)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 555)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 558)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 563)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 566)
* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 116)
* \put: \put. (line 6)
* \qbezier: \qbezier. (line 6)
@@ -14129,11 +14360,11 @@
* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 6)
* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 6)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 561)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 565)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 569)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 573)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 576)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 569)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 573)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 577)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 581)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 584)
* \ref: \ref. (line 6)
* \reflectbox: \scalebox. (line 6)
* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 6)
@@ -14146,18 +14377,18 @@
* \resizebox: \resizebox. (line 6)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
(line 6)
-* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 581)
-* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 586)
+* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 589)
+* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 594)
* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 23)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 591)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 595)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 602)
-* \right: Math miscellany. (line 36)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 606)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 610)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 615)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 618)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 621)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 599)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 603)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 610)
+* \right: \left & \right. (line 6)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 614)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 618)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 623)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 626)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 629)
* \rightmargin: list. (line 166)
* \rm: Font styles. (line 79)
* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 30)
@@ -14175,7 +14406,7 @@
* \scalebox: \scalebox. (line 6)
* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \scshape: Font styles. (line 51)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 624)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 632)
* \sec: Math functions. (line 93)
* \section: Sectioning. (line 11)
* \seename: Indexes. (line 20)
@@ -14183,62 +14414,62 @@
(line 131)
* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 6)
* \setlength: \setlength. (line 6)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 627)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 635)
* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 6)
* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 6)
* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 6)
* \sf: Font styles. (line 85)
* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 48)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 633)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 641)
* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 6)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 636)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 639)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 644)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 647)
* \signature: \signature. (line 11)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 643)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 646)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 651)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 654)
* \sin: Math functions. (line 96)
* \sinh: Math functions. (line 99)
* \sl: Font styles. (line 88)
* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* \slshape: Font styles. (line 45)
* \small: Font sizes. (line 11)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 649)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 657)
* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
(line 19)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
(line 20)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 653)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 661)
* \spacefactor: \spacefactor. (line 10)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 656)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 659)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 663)
-* \sqrt[ROOT]{ARG}: Math miscellany. (line 66)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 667)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 672)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 677)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 682)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 664)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 667)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 671)
+* \sqrt: \sqrt. (line 6)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 675)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 680)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 685)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 690)
* \ss (ss): Additional Latin letters.
(line 52)
* \SS (SS): Additional Latin letters.
(line 52)
-* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 71)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 686)
+* \stackrel: \stackrel. (line 6)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 694)
* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 6)
* \stop: Command line. (line 18)
* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 15)
* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 12)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 693)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 696)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 701)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 704)
* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 13)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 699)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 703)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 708)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 707)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 711)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 716)
* \sup: Math functions. (line 102)
* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 87)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 712)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 715)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 718)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 723)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 720)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 723)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 726)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 731)
* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
(line 6)
* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 81)
@@ -14248,7 +14479,7 @@
* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 6)
* \tan: Math functions. (line 105)
* \tanh: Math functions. (line 108)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 726)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 734)
* \telephone: \telephone. (line 6)
* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 60)
* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 98)
@@ -14325,7 +14556,7 @@
* \TH (TH): Additional Latin letters.
(line 56)
* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 56)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 729)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 737)
* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 6)
* \thickspace: Spacing in math mode.
(line 22)
@@ -14334,13 +14565,13 @@
(line 31)
* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace. (line 6)
* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 6)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 43)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 733)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 37)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 741)
* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 63)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 737)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 745)
* \today: \today. (line 6)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 741)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 749)
* \topfraction: Floats. (line 107)
* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 108)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
@@ -14351,9 +14582,9 @@
* \topskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
(line 131)
* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 12)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 746)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 749)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 755)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 754)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 757)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 763)
* \tt: Font styles. (line 91)
* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 54)
* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 6)
@@ -14365,20 +14596,22 @@
* \unboldmath <1>: \boldmath & \unboldmath.
(line 14)
* \underbar: Accents. (line 89)
-* \underbrace{MATH}: Math miscellany. (line 75)
-* \underline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 79)
+* \underbrace{MATH}: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 24)
+* \underline{TEXT}: Over- and Underlining.
+ (line 9)
* \unitlength: picture. (line 25)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 761)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 768)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 775)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 779)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 783)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 788)
-* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 793)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 798)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 769)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 776)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 783)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 787)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 791)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 796)
+* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 801)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 806)
* \upshape: Font styles. (line 42)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 805)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 808)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 813)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 816)
* \usebox: \usebox. (line 6)
* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 6)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
@@ -14386,34 +14619,34 @@
* \usepackage: Additional packages. (line 6)
* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 97)
* \value: \value. (line 6)
-* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 816)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 811)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 821)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 825)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 829)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 833)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 837)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 841)
-* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 86)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 46)
+* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 824)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 819)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 829)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 833)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 837)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 841)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 845)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 849)
+* \vdots: Ellipses. (line 33)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 40)
* \vector: \vector. (line 6)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 845)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 853)
* \verb: \verb. (line 6)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 850)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 866)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 858)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 874)
* \vfill: \vfill. (line 6)
* \vline: \vline. (line 6)
* \vspace: \vspace. (line 6)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 884)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 49)
-* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 52)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 892)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 43)
+* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 46)
* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 6)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 888)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 891)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 894)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 897)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 896)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 899)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 902)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 905)
* \year: \day \month \year. (line 6)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 900)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 908)
* \\ (for center): center. (line 22)
* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 29)
* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 12)
@@ -14651,222 +14884,230 @@
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Node: abstract96668
Node: array98257
-Node: center100655
-Node: \centering102386
-Node: description103833
-Node: displaymath106020
-Node: document107798
-Node: \AtBeginDocument108228
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-Node: enumerate109496
-Node: eqnarray112293
-Node: equation114291
-Node: figure114919
-Node: filecontents116993
-Node: flushleft118746
-Node: \raggedright119675
-Node: flushright120876
-Node: \raggedleft121539
-Node: itemize122332
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-Node: list126037
-Node: \item138855
-Node: trivlist140108
-Node: math141636
-Node: minipage141942
-Node: picture146803
-Node: \put153230
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-Node: \graphpaper155356
-Node: \line156153
-Node: \linethickness157932
-Node: \thinlines158381
-Node: \thicklines158792
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-Node: \oval159716
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-Node: \framebox (picture)163853
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-Node: \dashbox165051
-Node: quotation & quote165777
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-Node: table172681
-Node: tabular174706
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-Node: Document templates440442
-Node: beamer template440849
-Node: book template441500
-Node: tugboat template441868
-Node: Concept Index444232
-Node: Command Index512529
+Node: center100652
+Node: \centering102380
+Node: description103824
+Node: displaymath106011
+Node: document107789
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+Node: enumerate109487
+Node: eqnarray112284
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+Node: minipage141916
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+Node: \framebox (picture)163820
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+Node: \dashbox165018
+Node: quotation & quote165744
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+Node: table172645
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+Node: theorem197292
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+Node: \value265378
+Node: \setcounter266307
+Node: \addtocounter266909
+Node: \refstepcounter267374
+Node: \stepcounter268032
+Node: \day \month \year268374
+Node: Lengths268919
+Node: Units of length270709
+Node: \setlength272203
+Node: \addtolength272980
+Node: \settodepth273954
+Node: \settoheight274709
+Node: \settowidth275468
+Node: Predefined lengths276251
+Node: Making paragraphs276766
+Node: \par278421
+Node: \indent & \noindent280103
+Node: \parindent & \parskip281655
+Node: Marginal notes282694
+Node: Math formulas284493
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts288480
+Node: Math symbols290589
+Node: Blackboard bold316988
+Node: Calligraphic317764
+Node: \boldmath & \unboldmath318337
+Node: Ellipses319870
+Node: Math functions322017
+Node: Math accents323625
+Node: Over- and Underlining324524
+Node: Spacing in math mode326256
+Node: Math miscellany327812
+Node: Colon character & \colon328371
+Node: \*329064
+Node: \frac329648
+Node: \left & \right330061
+Node: \sqrt331238
+Node: \stackrel331833
+Node: Modes332106
+Node: \ensuremath334720
+Node: Page styles335437
+Node: \maketitle336200
+Node: \pagenumbering339211
+Node: \pagestyle341149
+Node: \thispagestyle344654
+Node: Spaces345041
+Node: \hspace345911
+Node: \hfill346866
+Node: \spacefactor347258
+Node: \(SPACE) and \@349970
+Ref: \AT350113
+Node: \frenchspacing351590
+Node: \normalsfcodes352206
+Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence352395
+Node: \thinspace353306
+Node: \/353698
+Node: \hrulefill \dotfill354880
+Node: \addvspace355873
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip356919
+Node: \vfill357811
+Node: \vspace358680
+Node: Boxes359673
+Node: \mbox360385
+Node: \fbox and \framebox360672
+Node: lrbox361476
+Node: \makebox361834
+Node: \parbox362554
+Node: \raisebox364661
+Node: \savebox365270
+Node: \sbox365685
+Node: \usebox366134
+Node: Color366395
+Node: Color package options367239
+Node: Color models368885
+Node: Commands for color371194
+Node: Define colors371609
+Node: Colored text372324
+Node: Colored boxes374696
+Node: Colored pages376132
+Node: Graphics376825
+Node: Graphics package options378952
+Node: Graphics package configuration381705
+Node: \graphicspath382507
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions385430
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule387227
+Node: Commands for graphics390416
+Node: \includegraphics390921
+Node: \rotatebox403890
+Node: \scalebox406685
+Node: \resizebox407737
+Node: Special insertions408929
+Node: Reserved characters409733
+Node: Upper and lower case410934
+Node: Symbols by font position412849
+Node: Text symbols413469
+Node: Accents416917
+Node: Additional Latin letters419459
+Ref: Non-English characters419630
+Node: \rule420647
+Node: \today421076
+Node: Splitting the input421830
+Node: \endinput423310
+Node: \include & \includeonly424577
+Node: \input428613
+Node: Front/back matter429321
+Node: Tables of contents429526
+Node: \addcontentsline430587
+Node: \addtocontents431605
+Node: Glossaries432138
+Node: Indexes432657
+Node: Letters434290
+Node: \address437956
+Node: \cc438767
+Node: \closing439185
+Node: \encl439462
+Node: \location439877
+Node: \makelabels440141
+Node: \name442293
+Node: \opening442534
+Node: \ps442815
+Node: \signature443104
+Node: \telephone444321
+Node: Terminal input/output444686
+Node: \typein444951
+Node: \typeout445536
+Node: Command line446159
+Node: Document templates447111
+Node: beamer template447518
+Node: book template448169
+Node: tugboat template448537
+Node: Concept Index450901
+Node: Command Index521741
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-08 16:55:33 UTC (rev 644)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-09 23:37:33 UTC (rev 645)
@@ -3143,7 +3143,7 @@
\end@{array@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{array@}[@var{pos}]@{@var{cols}@}
@@ -3225,7 +3225,7 @@
\end@{center@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{center@}
@@ -3292,7 +3292,7 @@
@{\centering ... @}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{group@}
@@ -3632,7 +3632,7 @@
\end@{eqnarray@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{eqnarray*@}
@@ -3721,7 +3721,7 @@
\end@{figure@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{figure*@}[@var{placement}]
@@ -3789,7 +3789,7 @@
\end@{filecontents@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{filecontents*@}@{@var{filename}@}
@@ -3894,7 +3894,7 @@
@{\raggedright ... @}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{@var{environment}@} \raggedright
@@ -3970,7 +3970,7 @@
@{\raggedleft ... @}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{@var{environment}@} \raggedleft
@@ -4431,7 +4431,8 @@
\item text of item
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
+
@example
\item[@var{optional-label}] text of item
@end example
@@ -4547,7 +4548,7 @@
\end@{minipage@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{minipage@}[@var{position}][@var{height}][@var{inner-pos}]@{@var{width}@}
@@ -4715,7 +4716,7 @@
\end@{picture@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{picture@}(@var{width}, at var{height})(@var{xoffset}, at var{yoffset})
@@ -5388,7 +5389,7 @@
\end@{quotation@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{quote@}
@@ -5609,7 +5610,7 @@
\end@{table@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{table@}[@var{placement}]
@@ -5687,8 +5688,7 @@
\end@{tabular@}
@end example
- at noindent
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\begin@{tabular*@}@{@var{width}@}[@var{pos}]@{@var{cols}@}
@@ -6145,7 +6145,7 @@
\bibitem@{@var{cite_key}@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\bibitem[@var{label}]@{@var{cite_key}@}
@@ -6216,7 +6216,7 @@
\cite@{@var{keys}@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\cite[@var{subcite}]@{@var{keys}@}
@@ -6576,10 +6576,17 @@
blank lines to separate the stanzas.
@example
-A poem is a piece of poetry.
-
-And don't let the head of the poetry society \\
-tell you diff'rent.
+\begin@{verse@}
+\makebox[\linewidth][c]@{\textit@{Shut Not Your Doors@} ---Walt Whitman@}
+ \\[1\baselineskip]
+Shut not your doors to me proud libraries, \\
+For that which was lacking on all your well-fill'd shelves, \\
+\qquad yet needed most, I bring, \\
+Forth from the war emerging, a book I have made, \\
+The words of my book nothing, the drift of it every thing, \\
+A book separate, not link'd with the rest nor felt by the intellect, \\
+But you ye untold latencies will thrill to every page.
+\end@{verse@}
@end example
The output has margins indented on the left and the right, paragraphs
@@ -6632,7 +6639,7 @@
\\[@var{morespace}]
@end example
-or one of:
+ at noindent or one of these.
@example
\\*
@@ -6948,7 +6955,7 @@
\linebreak[@var{zero-to-four}]
@end example
-or one of:
+ at noindent or one of these.
@example
\nolinebreak
@@ -7035,7 +7042,7 @@
\clearpage
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\cleardoublepage
@@ -7167,7 +7174,7 @@
\pagebreak[@var{zero-to-four}]
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\nopagebreak
@@ -7583,7 +7590,7 @@
\newcommand*@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optargdefault}]@{@var{defn}@}
@end example
-or one of:
+ at noindent or one of these.
@example
\renewcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{defn}@}
@@ -7898,7 +7905,7 @@
\newenvironment*@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optargdefault}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@}
@end example
-or one of:
+ at noindent or one of these.
@example
\renewenvironment@{@var{env}@}@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@}
@@ -8288,7 +8295,7 @@
\ignorespaces
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\ignorespacesafterend
@@ -9086,7 +9093,7 @@
\indent
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\noindent
@@ -9314,13 +9321,15 @@
The two mathematics modes are similar, but there are some differences.
One involves the placement of subscripts and superscripts; in display
math mode they are further apart and in inline math mode they are closer
-together. Sometimes you want the display math treatment to happen in
-the inline math mode. For this, the @code{\displaystyle} declaration
-forces the size and style of the formula to be that of
- at code{displaymath}. Thus @code{\(\displaystyle \sum_@{n=0@}^\infty
-x_n\)} will have the limits above and below the summation sign, not next
-to it. Another example is that
+together.
+Sometimes you want the display math treatment to happen in the inline
+math mode. For this, the @code{\displaystyle} declaration forces the
+size and style of the formula to be that of @code{displaymath}. Thus
+ at code{\(\displaystyle \sum_@{n=0@}^\infty x_n\)} will have the limits
+above and below the summation sign, not next to it. Another example is
+that
+
@example
\begin@{tabular@}@{r|cc@}
\textsc@{Name@} &\textsc@{Series@} &\textsc@{Sum@} \\ \hline
@@ -9341,6 +9350,7 @@
* Math symbols:: Various mathematical squiggles.
* Math functions:: Math function names like sin and exp.
* Math accents:: Accents in math.
+* Over- and Underlining:: Things over or under formulas.
* Spacing in math mode:: Thick, medium, thin, and negative spaces.
* Math miscellany:: Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
@end menu
@@ -9361,7 +9371,7 @@
@var{base}^@var{exp}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
@var{base}_ at var{exp}
@@ -9702,6 +9712,11 @@
@item \Im
@BES{2111,\Im} Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part at tie{}@code{\Re}.
+ at item \imath
+ at cindex dotless i, math
+Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (@pxref{Math
+accents}).
+
@item \in
@BES{2208,\in} Set element (relation). See also: lower case lunate
epsilon at tie{}@code{\epsilon}@BES{03F5,\epsilon} and small letter script
@@ -9720,6 +9735,11 @@
@BESU{2A1D,Join} Condensed bowtie symbol (relation). Not available in Plain
@TeX{}.
+ at item \jmath
+ at cindex dotless j, math
+Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (@pxref{Math
+accents}).
+
@item \kappa
@BES{03BA,\kappa} Lower case Greek letter (ordinary).
@@ -10315,10 +10335,32 @@
@end ftable
+The following symbols are most often used in plain text but @LaTeX{}
+provides versions to use in mathematical text.
+
+ at ftable @code
+ at item \mathdollar
+Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+
+ at item \mathparagraph
+Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, @BES{00B6,\P}.
+
+ at item \mathsection
+Section sign in math mode @BES{00A7,\S}.
+
+ at item \mathsterling
+Sterling sign in math mode: @pounds{}.
+
+ at item \mathunderscore
+Underscore in math mode: _.
+
+ at end ftable
+
@menu
* Blackboard bold:: Doublestruck characters.
* Calligraphic:: Cursive characters.
* \boldmath & \unboldmath:: Symbols in boldface.
+* Ellipses:: Dots.
@end menu
@@ -10397,13 +10439,12 @@
\boldmath \( @var{math} \)
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\unboldmath \( @var{math} \)
@end example
-
@findex \boldmath
@findex \unboldmath
@c xx Refer to package bm: https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/595/121234
@@ -10445,6 +10486,75 @@
strongly suggests that it is an improvement over @code{\boldmath}.
+ at node Ellipses
+ at subsection Ellipses
+
+ at cindex ellipses
+ at cindex dots
+
+Ellipses are the three dots (usually three) indicating that a pattern
+continues.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{array@}@{cccc@}
+ a_@{0,0@} &a_@{0,1@} &a_@{0,2@} &\ldots \\
+ a_@{1,0@} &\ddots \\
+ \vdots
+\end@{array@}
+ at end example
+
+ at LaTeX{} provides these.
+
+ at ftable @code
+ at item \cdots
+Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line, as
+in @BES{22EF,\cdots}. Used as: @code{\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_@{n-1@}
+\)}.
+
+ at item \ddots
+Diagonal ellipsis, @BES{22F1,\ddots}. See the above example for a
+usage.
+
+ at item \ldots
+Ellipsis on the baseline, @BES{2026,\ldots}. Used as: @code{\(
+x_0,\ldots x_@{n-1@} \)}. A synonym is @code{\mathellipsis}. A synonym
+from the @file{amsmath} package is @code{\hdots}.
+
+You can also use this command outside of mathematical text, as in
+ at code{The gears, brakes, \ldots@{@} are all broken}. (In a text mode a
+synonym for @code{\ldots} is @code{\dots}.)
+
+ at item \vdots
+Vertical ellipsis, @BES{22EE,\vdots}. See the above example for a
+usage.
+
+ at end ftable
+
+ at PkgIndex{amsmath}
+The @file{amsmath} package has the command @code{\dots} to semantically
+mark up ellipses. This example produces two different-looking outputs
+for the first two uses of the @code{\dots} command.
+
+ at example
+\usepackage@{amsmath@} % in preamble
+ ...
+Suppose that \( p_0, p_1, \dots, p_@{n-1@} \) lists all of the primes.
+Observe that \( p_0\cdot p_1 \dots \cdot p_@{n-1@} +1 \) is not a multiple of any \( p_i \).
+Conclusion: there are infinitely many primes \( p_0, p_1, \dotsc \).
+ at end example
+
+In the first line @LaTeX{} looks to the comma following @code{\dots} to
+determine that it should output an ellipsis on the baseline. The second
+line has a @code{\cdot} following @code{\dots} so @LaTeX{} outputs an
+ellipsis that is on the math axis, vertically centered. However, the
+third usage has no follow-on character so you have to tell @LaTeX{} what
+to do. You can use one of the commands: @code{\dotsc} if you need the
+ellipsis appropriate for a comma following, @code{\dotsb} if you need
+the ellipses that fits when the dots are followed by a binary operator
+or relation symbol, @code{\dotsi} for dots with integrals, or
+ at code{\dotso} for others.
+
+
@node Math functions
@section Math functions
@@ -10748,14 +10858,6 @@
@math{\hat{x}}
@end iftex
- at item \imath
- at cindex dotless i, math
-Math dotless i
-
- at item \jmath
- at cindex dotless j, math
-Math dotless j
-
@item \mathring
@cindex ring accent, math
Math ring accent @c don't bother implementing in texinfo
@@ -10793,7 +10895,77 @@
@end ftable
+When you are putting an accent on an i or a j, the tradition is to use
+one without a dot, @code{\imath} or @code{jmath} (@pxref{Math symbols}).
+
+ at node Over- and Underlining
+ at section Over- and Underlining
+
+ at cindex overlining
+ at cindex underlining
+
+ at LaTeX{} provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
+putting braces over or under some material.
+
+ at ftable @code
+
+ at item \underline@{@var{text}@}
+Underline @var{text}. Works inside math mode, and outside.
+ at ifset HAS-MATH
+The result of @code{\underline@{xyz@}} is @math{\underline{xyz}}.
+ at end ifset
+The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
+descenders, so in @code{\(\underline@{y@}\)} the line is lower than in
+ at code{\(\underline@{x@}\)}. This command is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
+
+ at PkgIndex{ulem}
+Note that the package @file{ulem} does text mode underlining and allows
+line breaking as well as a number of other features. See the
+documentation is on CTAN.
+
+ at item \overline@{@var{text}@}
+Put a horizontal line over @var{tex}. Works inside math mode, and
+outside. For example, @code{\overline@{x+y@}}.
+ at ifset HAS-MATH
+The result looks like: @math{\overline{x+y}}.
+ at end ifset
+Note that this differs from the command @code{\bar} (@pxref{Math
+accents}).
+
+ at item \underbrace@{@var{math}@}
+Put a brace under @var{math}. For example, this
+ at code{(1-\underbrace@{1/2)+(1/2@}-1/3)} emphasizes the telescoping part.
+ at ifset HAS-MATH
+The result looks like this: @math{(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)}.
+ at end ifset
+Attach text to the brace by using subscript, @code{_}, or superscript,
+ at code{^}, as here.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{displaymath@}
+ 1+1/2+\underbrace@{1/3+1/4@}_@{>1/2@}+
+ \underbrace@{1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8@}_@{>1/2@}+\cdots
+\end@{displaymath@}
+ at end example
+
+The superscript appears on top of the expression, and so can look
+unconnected to the underbrace.
+
+ at item \overbrace@{@var{math}@}
+Put a brace over @var{math}; see also @code{\underbrace}. An example is
+ at code{\overbrace@{x+x+\cdots+x@}^@{\mbox@{\(k\) times@}@}}.
+ at c @ifset HAS-MATH
+ at c The result is @math{\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}}.
+ at c @end ifset
+
+ at end ftable
+
+ at PkgIndex{mathtools}
+The package @file{mathtools} adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
+some improvements on the braces. See the documentation on CTAN.
+
+
@node Spacing in math mode
@section Spacing in math mode
@@ -10863,143 +11035,192 @@
@cindex math miscellany
- at ftable @code
- at item \*
- at cindex discretionary multiplication
+ at LaTeX{} contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are
+some that don't fit into other categories.
+
+ at menu
+* Colon character & \colon:: Colon.
+* \*:: Discretionary multiplication.
+* \frac:: Fraction.
+* \left & \right:: Paired delimiters.
+* \sqrt:: Radicals.
+* \stackrel:: Text over a relation.
+ at end menu
+
+
+ at node Colon character & \colon
+ at subsection Colon character @code{:} & @code{\colon}
+
+ at cindex :
+ at cindex colon character
+ at findex :
+ at findex \colon
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+:
+\colon
+ at end example
+
+In mathematics, the colon character, @code{:}, is a relation.
+
+ at example
+With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right.
+ at end example
+
+ at PkgIndex{amsmath}
+ at noindent Ordinary @LaTeX{} defines @code{\colon} to produce the
+colon character with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in
+set-builder notation @code{\@{x\colon 0\leq x<1\@}}.
+
+ at PkgIndex{amsmath}
+But the widely-used @file{amsmath} package defines @code{\colon} for use
+in the definition of functions @code{f\colon D\to C}. So if you want
+the colon character as a punctuation then use @code{\mathpunct@{:@}}.
+
+
+ at node \*
+ at subsection @code{\*}
+
+ at cindex multiplication, discretionary
+ at cindex muiltiplication, line breaks
@cindex multiplication symbol, discretionary line break
-A @dfn{discretionary} multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
-allowed. Without the break multiplication is implicitly indicated by a
-space, while in the case of a break a @BES{00D7,\times} symbol is
-printed immediately before the break. So
+ at findex \*
+Synopsis:
+
@example
-\documentclass@{article@}
-\begin@{document@}
-Now \(A_3 = 0\), hence the product of all terms \(A_1\)
-through \(A_4\), that is \(A_1\* A_2\* A_3 \* A_4\), is
-equal to zero.
-\end@{document@}
+\*
@end example
-will make that sort of output at c
- at ifnottex
- at w{ }(the ellipsis @samp{[@dots{}]} is here to show the line break at
-the same place as in a @TeX{} output)@c
- at end ifnottex
-:
+A multiplication symbol that allows a line break. If there is a break
+then @LaTeX{} puts a @code{\times} symbol, @BES{00D7,\times}, before
+that break.
- at indentedblock
-Now @math{A_3 = 0},
- at iftex
-hence the product of all terms
- at end iftex
- at ifnottex
-[@dots{}]
- at end ifnottex
- at math{A_1}
-through @math{A_4}, that is @math{A_1 A_2 \times}@*@math{A_3 A_4}, is
-equal to zero.
- at end indentedblock
+In @code{\( A_1\* A_2\* A_3\* A_4 \)}, if there is no line break then
+ at LaTeX{} outputs it as though it were @code{\( A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 \)}. If
+a line break does happen, for example between the two middle ones, then
+ at LaTeX{} sets it like @code{\( A_1 A_2 \times \)}, followed by the
+break, followed by @code{\( A_3 A_4 \)}.
- at item \cdots
-A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line.
- at tex
-As in: `$\cdots$'.
- at end tex
- at item \ddots
-A diagonal ellipsis: @math{\ddots}.
+ at node \frac
+ at subsection @code{\frac}
- at item \frac@{@var{num}@}@{@var{den}@}
+ at cindex fraction
@findex \frac
-Produces the fraction @var{num} divided by @var{den}.
- at ifset HAS-MATH
-eg. @math{{1}\over{4}}
- at end ifset
+Synopsis:
- at item \left @var{delim1} ... \right @var{delim2}
+ at example
+\frac@{@var{numerator}@}@{@var{denominator}@}
+ at end example
+
+Produces the fraction @var{numerator} divided by @var{denominator}.
+Used as: @code{\begin@{displaymath@} \frac@{1@}@{\sqrt@{2\pi\sigma@}@}
+\end@{displaymath@}}. In inline math mode it comes out small; see the
+discussion of @code{\displaystyle} (@pxref{Math formulas}).
+
+
+ at node \left & \right
+ at subsection @code{\left} & @code{\right}
+
+ at cindex delimiters, paired
+ at cindex paired delimiters
+ at cindex matching parentheses
+ at cindex matching brackets
+ at cindex null delimiter
+ at findex \left
@findex \right
- at cindex null delimiter
-The two delimiters need not match; @samp{.} acts as a @dfn{null delimiter},
-producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the math
-in between. Example: @code{\left( \sum_@{i=1@}^@{10@} a_i \right]}.
- at item \mathdollar
-Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+Synopsis:
- at item \mathellipsis
-Ellipsis (spaced for text) in math mode: @dots{}
+ at example
+\left @var{delimiter1} ... \right @var{delimiter2}
+ at end example
- at item \mathparagraph
-Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode: @BES{00B6,\P}.
+Make matching parentheses, braces, or other delimiters. The delimiters
+are sized according to the math they enclose. This makes a unit vector
+surrounded by appropriate-height parentheses.
- at item \mathsection
-Section sign in math mode.
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ \left(\begin@{array@}@{c@}
+ 1 \\
+ 0 \\
+ \end@{array@}\right)
+ at end example
- at item \mathsterling
-Sterling sign in math mode: @pounds{}.
+Every @code{\left} must have a matching @code{\right}. Leaving out the
+ at code{\left(} in the above gets @samp{Extra \right}. Leaving off the
+ at code{\right)} gets @samp{You can't use `\eqno' in math mode}.
- at item \mathunderscore
-Underscore in math mode: _.
+However, the two delimiters @var{delimiter1} and @var{delimiter2} need
+not match. A common case is that you want an unmatched brace, as
+below. Use a period, @samp{.}, as a null delimiter.
- at item \overbrace@{@var{math}@}
-Generates a brace over @var{math}.
-For example, @code{\overbrace@{x+\cdots+x@}^@{k \;\textrm@{times@}@}}.
- at ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like: @math{\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}}
- at end ifset
-
- at item \overline@{@var{text}@}
-Generates a horizontal line over @var{tex}.
-For example, @code{\overline@{x+y@}}.
- at ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like: @math{\overline{x+y}}.
- at end ifset
+ at example
+\begin@{equation@}
+ f(n)=\left\@{\begin@{array@}@{ll@}
+ 1 &\mbox@{--if \(n=0\)@} \\
+ f(n-1)+3n^2 &\mbox@{--else@}
+ \end@{array@}\right.
+\end@{equation@}
+ at end example
- at item \sqrt[@var{root}]@{@var{arg}@}
-Produces the representation of the square root of @var{arg}. The
-optional argument @var{root} determines what root to produce. For
-example, the cube root of @code{x+y} would be typed as
- at code{\sqrt[3]@{x+y@}}.
- at ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like this: @math{\root 3 \of {x+y}}.
- at end ifset
+Note that to get a curly brace as a delimiter you must prefix it with a
+backslash, @code{\@{}.
- at item \stackrel@{@var{text}@}@{@var{relation}@}
-Puts @var{text} above @var{relation}. For example,
- at code{\stackrel@{f@}@{\longrightarrow@}}.
- at ifset HAS-MATH
- The result looks like this: @math{\buildrel f \over \longrightarrow}.
- at end ifset
- at item \underbrace@{@var{math}@}
-Generates @var{math} with a brace underneath. For example, @code{\underbrace@{x+y+z@}_@{>\,0@}}
- at ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like this: @math{\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}}.
- at end ifset
+ at node \sqrt
+ at subsection @code{\sqrt}
- at PkgIndex{ulem}
- at item \underline@{@var{text}@}
-Causes @var{text}, which may be either math mode or not, to be
-underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
-descenders.
+ at cindex square root
+ at cindex roots
+ at cindex radical
+ at findex \sqrt
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\sqrt@{@var{arg}@}
+\sqrt[@var{root-number}]@{@var{arg}@}
+ at end example
+
+The square root, or optionally other roots, of @var{arg}. The optional
+argument @var{root-number} gives the root, i.e., enter the cube root of
+ at code{x+y} as @code{\sqrt[3]@{x+y@}}.
@ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like this: @math{\underline{xyz}}
+It comes out like this: @math{\root 3 \of {x+y}}.
@end ifset
-(The package @file{ulem} does underlining and allows line breaking as
-well as a number of other underline-related features. The documentation
-is on CTAN.)
+The radical grows with the size of @var{arg} (as the height of the
+radical grows, the angle on the leftmost part gets steeper, until for
+a large enough @code{arg}, it is vertical).
- at item \vdots
-Vertical ellipsis.
+ at LaTeX{} has a separate @code{\surd} character (@pxref{Math symbols}).
+
+
+ at node \stackrel
+ at subsection @code{\stackrel}
+
+ at cindex stack math
+ at cindex relation, text above
+ at findex \stackrel
+
+Synopsis, one of:
+
+ at example
+\stackrel@{@var{text}@}@{@var{relation}@}
+ at end example
+
+Put @var{text} above @var{relation}. To put a function name above an
+arrow enter @code{\stackrel@{f@}@{\longrightarrow@}}.
@ifset HAS-MATH
-The result looks like this: @math{\vdots}.
+ The result looks like this: @math{\buildrel f \over \longrightarrow}.
@end ifset
- at end ftable
-
@node Modes
@chapter Modes
@@ -11305,10 +11526,10 @@
@PkgIndex{fancyhdr}
A discussion with an example is below. Note first that the package
- at file{fancyhdr} is the standard way to manipulate headers and footers
-because it makes it immensely easier. New documents that need to do
-anything other than one of the standard options below should use this
-package. See its documentation on CTAN.
+ at file{fancyhdr} is now the standard way to manipulate headers and
+footers. New documents that need to do anything other than one of the
+standard options below should use this package. See its documentation
+on CTAN.
Values for @var{style}:
@@ -11970,7 +12191,7 @@
\parbox@{@var{width}@}@{@var{contents}@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\parbox[@var{position}][@var{height}][@var{inner-pos}]@{@var{width}@}@{@var{contents}@}
@@ -12035,7 +12256,7 @@
\raisebox@{@var{distance}@}@{@var{text}@}
@end example
-or:
+ at noindent or
@example
\raisebox@{@var{distance}@}[@var{height}][@var{depth}]@{@var{text}@}
@@ -12287,7 +12508,7 @@
\textcolor[@var{color model}]@{@var{color specification}@}@{...@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\color@{@var{name}@}
@@ -12378,7 +12599,7 @@
\colorbox[@var{model name}]@{@var{box background color specification}@}@{...@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\fcolorbox@{@var{frame color}@}@{@var{box background color}@}@{...@}
@@ -12510,7 +12731,7 @@
\usepackage[@var{comma-separated option list}]@{graphics@}
@end example
-or
+ at noindent or
@example
\usepackage[@var{comma-separated option list}]@{graphicx@}
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