[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r637 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Sat Jun 2 01:40:15 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-06-02 02:40:15 +0300 (Sat, 02 Jun 2018)
New Revision: 637
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
Line breaking: add examples; add sloppypar
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-01 13:46:47 UTC (rev 636)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-06-01 23:40:15 UTC (rev 637)
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
2018-06-01 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+ * latex2e.texi (Line breaking) Next in latex-info (split with
+ page breaking). Adjust wording. Add examples and a few error
+ messages. Adjust wording.
+ (sloppypar) Add.
+
+2018-06-01 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
* latex2e.texi (Letters) Next in latex-info. Adjust wording.
(\mlabel) Brought text from fr on customization of label
printing, added example.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-01 13:46:47 UTC (rev 636)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-06-01 23:40:15 UTC (rev 637)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version of May 2018.
+document preparation system, version of June 2018.
This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in
the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-<title>LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2018)</title>
+<title>LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (June 2018)</title>
-<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2018)">
-<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2018)">
+<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (June 2018)">
+<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (June 2018)">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
</head>
<body lang="en">
-<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2018)</h1>
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (June 2018)</h1>
@@ -274,10 +274,12 @@
<li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">9.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029" href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">9.5 <code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy">9.6 <code>\fussy</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005csloppy">9.7 <code>\sloppy</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.8 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.9 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">9.6 <code>\fussy</code> & <code>\sloppy</code></a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a name="toc-sloppypar-1" href="#sloppypar">9.6.1 <code>sloppypar</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">10 Page breaking</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -487,7 +489,7 @@
<h1 class="top">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</h1>
<p>This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of
-May 2018) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
+June 2018) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="1">About this document</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Bug reporting, etc.
@@ -7979,6 +7981,12 @@
<p>LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking in the text body for
you but in some environments you manually force line breaks.
</p>
+<p>A common workflow is to get a final version of the document content
+before taking a final pass through and considering line breaks (and page
+breaks). This differs from word processing, where you are formatting
+text as you input it. Putting these off until the end prevents a lot of
+fiddling with breaks that will change anyway.
+</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_005c" accesskey="1">\\</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a new line.
</td></tr>
@@ -7988,16 +7996,14 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="4">\- (hyphenation)</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Insert explicit hyphenation.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="5">\discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Insert explicit hyphenation with control of hyphen character.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="5">\discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Explicit control of the hyphen character.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="6">\fussy</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Be fussy about line breaking.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="6">\fussy & \sloppy</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Be more or less particular with line breaking.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="7">\sloppy</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Be sloppy about line breaking.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="7">\hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="8">\hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="8">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="9">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
-</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -8014,42 +8020,79 @@
<a name="index-new-line_002c-starting"></a>
<a name="index-line-break_002c-forcing"></a>
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\\[<var>morespace</var>]
+<pre class="example">\\
+\\[<var>morespace</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>or
+<p>or one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\\*[<var>morespace</var>]
+<pre class="example">\\*
+\\*[<var>morespace</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>Start a new line. The optional argument <var>morespace</var> specifies extra
-vertical space to be insert before the next line. This can be a
-negative length. The text before the break is set at its normal length,
-that is, it is not stretched to fill out the line width.
+<p>End the current line. The optional argument <var>morespace</var> specifies
+extra vertical space to be inserted before the next line. This is a
+rubber length (see <a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>) and can be negative. The text before
+the line break is set at its normal length, that is, it is not stretched
+to fill out the line width. This command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
-<p>Explicit line breaks in the text body are unusual in LaTeX. In
-particular, to start a new paragraph instead leave a blank line. This
-command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text such as in
-a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment.
+<p>The starred form, <code>\\*</code>, tells LaTeX not to start a new page
+between the two lines, by issuing a <code>\nobreak</code>.
</p>
-<p>Under ordinary circumstances (e.g., outside of a <code>p{...}</code> column
-in a <code>tabular</code> environment) the <code>\newline</code> command is a synonym for
-<code>\\</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a>).
-</p>
-<p>In addition to starting a new line, the starred form <code>\\*</code> tells
-LaTeX not to start a new page between the two lines, by issuing a
-<code>\nobreak</code>.
-</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\title{My story: \\[0.25in]
a tale of woe}
</pre></div>
+<p>Explicit line breaks in the main text body are unusual in LaTeX. In
+particular, don’t start new paragraphs with <code>\\</code>. Instead leave a
+blank line between the two paragraphs. And don’t put in a sequence of
+<code>\\</code>’s to make vertical space. Instead use
+<code>\vspace{<var>length</var>}</code>, or
+<code>\leavevmode\vspace{<var>length</var>}</code>, or
+<code>\vspace*{<var>length</var>}</code> if you want the space to not be thrown
+out at the top of a new page (see <a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\\</code> command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text
+such as in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment or in an
+equation environment.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\\</code> command is a synonym for <code>\newline</code>
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a>) under ordinary circumstances (an example of an
+exception is the <code>p{...}</code> column in a <code>tabular</code>
+environment; see <a href="#tabular">tabular</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\\</code> command is a macro, and its definition changes by context
+so that its definition in normal text, a <code>center</code> environment, a
+<code>flushleft</code> environment, and a <code>tabular</code> are all different.
+In normal text when it forces a linebreak it is essentially a shorthand
+for <code>\newline</code>. It does not end horizontal mode or end the
+paragraph, it just inserts some glue and penalties so that when the
+paragraph does end a linebreak will occur at that point, with the short
+line padded with white space.
+</p>
+<p>You get ‘<samp>LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end</samp>’ if you use
+<code>\\</code> to ask for a new line, rather than to end the current line.
+An example is if you have <code>\begin{document}\\</code> or, more likely,
+something like this.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+ \\
+ In that vertical space put your mark.
+ \end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+</pre></div>
+<p>The solution is to replace the double backslash with something like
+<code>\vspace{\baselineskip}</code>.
+</p>
+
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -8063,14 +8106,48 @@
<a name="index-_005crestorecr"></a>
<a name="index-new-line_002c-output-as-input"></a>
-<p>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file
-(‘<samp>^^M</samp>’, internally) the same as <code>\\</code> (followed by
-<code>\relax</code>). So each new line in the input will also be a new line
-in the output.
+<p>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (‘<samp>^^M</samp>’,
+internally) the same as <code>\\</code>, followed by <code>\relax</code>. So each
+new line in the input will also be a new line in the output. The
+<code>\restorecr</code> command restores normal line-breaking behavior.
</p>
-<p><code>\restorecr</code> restores normal line-breaking behavior.
+<p>This is not the way to show verbatim text or computer code.
+See <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a> instead.
</p>
+<p>With LaTeX’s usual defaults, this
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">aaa
+bbb
+\obeycr
+ccc
+ddd
+ eee
+
+\restorecr
+fff
+ggg
+
+hhh
+iii
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>produces output like this.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"> aaa bbb
+ ccc
+ddd
+eee
+
+fff ggg
+ hhh iii
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The indents are paragraph indents.
+</p>
+
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cnewline"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -8084,13 +8161,15 @@
<a name="index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029"></a>
<p>In ordinary text this is equivalent to double-backslash (see <a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a>); it
-breaks a line, with no stretching of the text before it.
+ends a line, and does so in a way that does not right-justify the line,
+so the prior text is not stretched. This command is fragile
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
<p>Inside a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment, in a column with a
-specifier producing a paragraph box, like typically <code>p{...}</code>,
-<code>\newline</code> will insert a line break inside of the column, that is,
-it does not break the entire row. To break the entire row use <code>\\</code>
-or its equivalent <code>\tabularnewline</code>.
+specifier producing a paragraph box such as typically <code>p{...}</code>,
+<code>\newline</code> will insert a line end inside of the column; that is, it
+does not break the entire tabular row. To break the entire row use
+<code>\\</code> or its equivalent <code>\tabularnewline</code>.
</p>
<p>This will print ‘<samp>Name:</samp>’ and ‘<samp>Address:</samp>’ as two lines in a
single cell of the table.
@@ -8116,21 +8195,46 @@
<a name="index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"></a>
<a name="index-hyphenation_002c-forcing"></a>
-<p>The <code>\-</code> command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at
-that point. LaTeX is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds
-most of the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an
-incorrect one. The <code>\-</code> command is used for the exceptional
-cases.
+<p>Tell LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you
+insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at
+those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that LaTeX
+might otherwise have chosen. This command is robust (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
-<p>When you insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be
-hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points
-that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
+<p>LaTeX is good at hyphenating and usually finds most of the correct
+hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect one. The
+<code>\-</code> command is for exceptional cases.
</p>
+<p>For example, LaTeX does not ordinarily hyphenate words containing a
+hyphen. Below, the long and hyphenated word means LaTeX has to put
+in unacceptably large spaces to set the narrow column.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{rp{1.75in}}
+ Isaac Asimov &The strain of
+ anti-intellectualism
+ % an\-ti-in\-tel\-lec\-tu\-al\-ism
+ has been a constant thread winding its way through our
+ political and cultural life, nurtured by
+ the false notion that democracy means that
+ `my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge'.
+\end{tabular}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Commenting out the third line and uncommenting the fourth makes a much
+better fit.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\-</code> command only allows LaTeX to break there, it does not
+require that it break there. You can insist on a split with something
+like <code>Hef-\linebreak feron</code>. Of course, if you later change the
+text then this forced break may look very odd, so this approach requires
+care.
+</p>
+
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cdiscretionary"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fussy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fussy & \sloppy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.5 <code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</h3>
@@ -8140,55 +8244,107 @@
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\discretionary{<var>pre-break-text</var>}{<var>post-break-text</var>}{<var>no-break-text</var>}
+<pre class="example">\discretionary{<var>pre-break</var>}{<var>post-break</var>}{<var>no-break</var>}
</pre></div>
+<p>Handle word changes around hyphens. This command is not often used in
+LaTeX documents.
+</p>
+<p>If a line break occurs at the point where <code>\discretionary</code> appears
+then TeX puts <var>pre-break</var> at the end of the current line and puts
+<var>post-break</var> at the start of the next line. If there is no line
+break here then TeX puts <var>no-break</var>
+</p>
+<p>In ‘<samp>difficult</samp>’ the three letters <code>ffi</code> form a ligature. But
+TeX can nontheless break between the two f’s with this.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">di\discretionary{f-}{fi}{ffi}cult
+</pre></div>
+<p>Note that users do not have to do this. It is typically handled
+automatically by TeX’s hyphenation algorithm.
+</p>
+
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005cfussy"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sloppy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\discretionary</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\discretionary</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cfussy-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.6 <code>\fussy</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">9.6 <code>\fussy</code> & <code>\sloppy</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfussy"></a>
+<a name="index-_005csloppy"></a>
+<a name="index-line-breaks_002c-changing"></a>
-<p>The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes TeX
-picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between
-words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.
+<p>Declarations to make TeX more picky or less picky about line
+breaking. Declaring <code>\fussy</code> usually avoids too much space between
+words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. Conversely,
+<code>\sloppy</code> avoids overfull boxes while suffering loose interword
+spacing.
</p>
-<p>This command cancels the effect of a previous <code>\sloppy</code> command
-(see <a href="#g_t_005csloppy">\sloppy</a>).
+<p>The default is <code>\fussy</code>. Line breaking in a paragraph is
+controlled by whichever declaration is current at the blank line, or
+<code>\par</code>, or displayed equation ending that paragraph. So to affect
+the line breaks include that paragraph-ending material in the scope of
+the command.
</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#sloppypar" accesskey="1">sloppypar</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Environment version of \sloppy command.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005csloppy"></a>
+<a name="sloppypar"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\fussy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Up: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="u" rel="up">\fussy & \sloppy</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005csloppy-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.7 <code>\sloppy</code></h3>
+<a name="sloppypar-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">9.6.1 <code>sloppypar</code></h4>
-<a name="index-_005csloppy"></a>
+<a name="index-sloppypar"></a>
+<a name="index-sloppypar-environment"></a>
-<p>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes TeX less fussy about line
-breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose
-interword spacing.
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
-<p>Lasts until a <code>\fussy</code> command is issued (see <a href="#g_t_005cfussy">\fussy</a>).
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{sloppypar}
+ ... paragraphs ...
+\end{sloppypar}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Typeset the paragraphs with <code>\sloppy</code> in effect (see <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a>). Use this to locally adjust line breaking, to avoid
+‘<samp>Overfull box</samp>’ or ‘<samp>Underfull box</samp>’ errors.
</p>
+<p>The example is simple.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\begin{sloppypar}
+ Her plan for the morning thus settled, she sat quietly down to her book
+ after breakfast, resolving to remain in the same place and the same
+ employment till the clock struck one; and from habitude very little
+ incommoded by the remarks and ejaculations of Mrs.\ Allen, whose vacancy
+ of mind and incapacity for thinking were such, that as she never talked
+ a great deal, so she could never be entirely silent; and, therefore, while
+ she sat at her work, if she lost her needle or broke her thread, if she
+ heard a carriage in the street, or saw a speck upon her gown, she must
+ observe it aloud, whether there were anyone at leisure to answer her or not.
+\end{sloppypar}
+</pre></div>
+
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005chyphenation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sloppy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\fussy & \sloppy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chyphenation-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.8 <code>\hyphenation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chyphenation"></a>
<a name="index-hyphenation_002c-defining"></a>
@@ -8196,20 +8352,22 @@
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\hyphenation{<var>word-one</var> <var>word-two</var>}
+<pre class="example">\hyphenation{<var>word1</var> <var>word2</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>\hyphenation</code> command declares allowed hyphenation points
-with a <code>-</code> character in the given words. The words are separated
-by spaces. TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no
-inflections are tried. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands
-accumulate. Some examples (the default TeX hyphenation patterns
-misses the hyphenations in these words):
+<p>Declares allowed hyphenation points within the listed words.
+The words in the list are separated by spaces.
+Show permitted points for hyphenation with a <code>-</code> character.
</p>
+<p>Here is an example:
+</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
+<pre class="example">\hyphenation{hat-er il-lit-e-ra-ti tru-th-i-ness}
</pre></div>
+<p>Use lower case letters. TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches
+exactly. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands accumulate.
+</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak"></a>
@@ -8218,30 +8376,48 @@
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hyphenation</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.9 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005clinebreak"></a>
<a name="index-_005cnolinebreak"></a>
<a name="index-line-breaks_002c-forcing"></a>
<a name="index-line-breaks_002c-preventing"></a>
-<p>Synopses:
+<p>Synopses, one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\linebreak[<var>priority</var>]
-\nolinebreak[<var>priority</var>]
+<pre class="example">\linebreak
+\linebreak[<var>zero-to-four</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>By default, the <code>\linebreak</code> (<code>\nolinebreak</code>) command forces
-(prevents) a line break at the current position. For
-<code>\linebreak</code>, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it
-extends to the right margin as usual.
+<p>or one of:
</p>
-<p>With the optional argument <var>priority</var>, you can convert the command
-from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from
-0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\nolinebreak
+\nolinebreak[<var>zero-to-four</var>]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Encourage or discourage a line break. The optional <var>zero-to-four</var>
+is an integer that converts the command from a demand to a request. The
+higher the number, the more insistent the request. The default is 4, to
+entirely force or prevent the break. Both commands are fragile
+(see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
</p>
+<p>Here we tell LaTeX that a good place to put a linebreak is after the
+standard legal text.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\boilerplatelegal{} \linebreak[2]
+We especially encourage applications from members of traditionally
+underrepresented groups.
+</pre></div>
+<p>When you issue <code>\linebreak</code>, the spaces in the line are stretched
+out so that it extends to the right margin. See <a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a>
+and <a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a> to have the spaces not stretched out.
+</p>
+
+
<hr>
<a name="Page-breaking"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -17211,8 +17387,8 @@
<pre class="example">\closing{<var>text</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Usually at the end of a letter, above the handwritten signature, there
-is a <code>\closing</code> (although this command is optional). For example,
+<p>Optional, but usual. It appears at the end of a letter, above the
+handwritten signature. For example,
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\closing{Regards,}
@@ -18268,6 +18444,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letters_002c-writing">letters, writing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-break_002c-forcing">line break, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaking">line breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-changing">line breaks, changing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
@@ -18530,6 +18707,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sizes-of-text">sizes of text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-skip-register_002c-plain-TeX">skip register, plain TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-font">slanted font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment">sloppypar environment</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-small-caps-font">small caps font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-vertical">space, inserting vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002c-vertical">space, vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
@@ -19092,7 +19270,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">\fbox and \framebox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy">\fussy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cGamma"><code>\Gamma</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cgamma"><code>\gamma</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cgcd"><code>\gcd</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -19486,7 +19664,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csin"><code>\sin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csinh"><code>\sinh</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csl"><code>\sl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csloppy"><code>\sloppy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005csloppy">\sloppy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csloppy"><code>\sloppy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy & \sloppy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cslshape"><code>\slshape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmall"><code>\small</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005csmallint"><code>\smallint</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -19859,6 +20037,7 @@
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-secnumdepth-counter"><code>secnumdepth <span class="roman">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slides-class"><code>slides <span class="roman">class</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sloppypar"><code>sloppypar</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sp"><code>sp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-01 13:46:47 UTC (rev 636)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-06-01 23:40:15 UTC (rev 637)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
latex2e.texi.
This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
-preparation system, version of May 2018.
+preparation system, version of June 2018.
This manual was originally translated from 'LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the
VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D.
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
***************************************
-This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of May 2018)
+This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of June 2018)
for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
* Menu:
@@ -5336,15 +5336,20 @@
LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking in the text body for
you but in some environments you manually force line breaks.
+ A common workflow is to get a final version of the document content
+before taking a final pass through and considering line breaks (and page
+breaks). This differs from word processing, where you are formatting
+text as you input it. Putting these off until the end prevents a lot of
+fiddling with breaks that will change anyway.
+
* Menu:
* \\:: Start a new line.
* \obeycr & \restorecr:: Make each input line start a new output line.
* \newline:: Break the line
* \- (hyphenation):: Insert explicit hyphenation.
-* \discretionary:: Insert explicit hyphenation with control of hyphen character.
-* \fussy:: Be fussy about line breaking.
-* \sloppy:: Be sloppy about line breaking.
+* \discretionary:: Explicit control of the hyphen character.
+* \fussy & \sloppy:: Be more or less particular with line breaking.
* \hyphenation:: Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word.
* \linebreak & \nolinebreak:: Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
@@ -5354,35 +5359,65 @@
9.1 '\\'
========
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
+ \\
\\[MORESPACE]
- or
+ or one of:
+ \\*
\\*[MORESPACE]
- Start a new line. The optional argument MORESPACE specifies extra
-vertical space to be insert before the next line. This can be a
-negative length. The text before the break is set at its normal length,
-that is, it is not stretched to fill out the line width.
+ End the current line. The optional argument MORESPACE specifies
+extra vertical space to be inserted before the next line. This is a
+rubber length (*note Lengths::) and can be negative. The text before
+the line break is set at its normal length, that is, it is not stretched
+to fill out the line width. This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
- Explicit line breaks in the text body are unusual in LaTeX. In
-particular, to start a new paragraph instead leave a blank line. This
-command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text such as in a
-'tabular' or 'array' environment.
+ The starred form, '\\*', tells LaTeX not to start a new page between
+the two lines, by issuing a '\nobreak'.
- Under ordinary circumstances (e.g., outside of a 'p{...}' column in a
-'tabular' environment) the '\newline' command is a synonym for '\\'
-(*note \newline::).
-
- In addition to starting a new line, the starred form '\\*' tells
-LaTeX not to start a new page between the two lines, by issuing a
-'\nobreak'.
-
\title{My story: \\[0.25in]
a tale of woe}
+ Explicit line breaks in the main text body are unusual in LaTeX. In
+particular, don't start new paragraphs with '\\'. Instead leave a blank
+line between the two paragraphs. And don't put in a sequence of '\\''s
+to make vertical space. Instead use '\vspace{LENGTH}', or
+'\leavevmode\vspace{LENGTH}', or '\vspace*{LENGTH}' if you want the
+space to not be thrown out at the top of a new page (*note \vspace::).
+
+ The '\\' command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text such
+as in a 'tabular' or 'array' environment or in an equation environment.
+
+ The '\\' command is a synonym for '\newline' (*note \newline::) under
+ordinary circumstances (an example of an exception is the 'p{...}'
+column in a 'tabular' environment; *note tabular::).
+
+ The '\\' command is a macro, and its definition changes by context so
+that its definition in normal text, a 'center' environment, a
+'flushleft' environment, and a 'tabular' are all different. In normal
+text when it forces a linebreak it is essentially a shorthand for
+'\newline'. It does not end horizontal mode or end the paragraph, it
+just inserts some glue and penalties so that when the paragraph does end
+a linebreak will occur at that point, with the short line padded with
+white space.
+
+ You get 'LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end' if you use '\\' to
+ask for a new line, rather than to end the current line. An example is
+if you have '\begin{document}\\' or, more likely, something like this.
+
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+ \\
+ In that vertical space put your mark.
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{center}
+
+ The solution is to replace the double backslash with something like
+'\vspace{\baselineskip}'.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: \obeycr & \restorecr, Next: \newline, Prev: \\, Up: Line breaking
@@ -5390,11 +5425,42 @@
============================
The '\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file ('^^M',
-internally) the same as '\\' (followed by '\relax'). So each new line
-in the input will also be a new line in the output.
+internally) the same as '\\', followed by '\relax'. So each new line in
+the input will also be a new line in the output. The '\restorecr'
+command restores normal line-breaking behavior.
- '\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior.
+ This is not the way to show verbatim text or computer code. *Note
+verbatim:: instead.
+ With LaTeX's usual defaults, this
+
+ aaa
+ bbb
+
+ \obeycr
+ ccc
+ ddd
+ eee
+
+ \restorecr
+ fff
+ ggg
+
+ hhh
+ iii
+
+ produces output like this.
+
+ aaa bbb
+ ccc
+ ddd
+ eee
+
+ fff ggg
+ hhh iii
+
+ The indents are paragraph indents.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: \newline, Next: \- (hyphenation), Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking
@@ -5402,13 +5468,15 @@
==============
In ordinary text this is equivalent to double-backslash (*note \\::); it
-breaks a line, with no stretching of the text before it.
+ends a line, and does so in a way that does not right-justify the line,
+so the prior text is not stretched. This command is fragile (*note
+\protect::).
Inside a 'tabular' or 'array' environment, in a column with a
-specifier producing a paragraph box, like typically 'p{...}', '\newline'
-will insert a line break inside of the column, that is, it does not
-break the entire row. To break the entire row use '\\' or its
-equivalent '\tabularnewline'.
+specifier producing a paragraph box such as typically 'p{...}',
+'\newline' will insert a line end inside of the column; that is, it does
+not break the entire tabular row. To break the entire row use '\\' or
+its equivalent '\tabularnewline'.
This will print 'Name:' and 'Address:' as two lines in a single cell
of the table.
@@ -5425,88 +5493,168 @@
9.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
===============================
-The '\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that
-point. LaTeX is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds most of
-the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect
-one. The '\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
+Tell LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you
+insert '\-' commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at
+those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that LaTeX might
+otherwise have chosen. This command is robust (*note \protect::).
- When you insert '\-' commands in a word, the word will only be
-hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that
-LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
+ LaTeX is good at hyphenating and usually finds most of the correct
+hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect one. The '\-'
+command is for exceptional cases.
+ For example, LaTeX does not ordinarily hyphenate words containing a
+hyphen. Below, the long and hyphenated word means LaTeX has to put in
+unacceptably large spaces to set the narrow column.
+
+ \begin{tabular}{rp{1.75in}}
+ Isaac Asimov &The strain of
+ anti-intellectualism
+ % an\-ti-in\-tel\-lec\-tu\-al\-ism
+ has been a constant thread winding its way through our
+ political and cultural life, nurtured by
+ the false notion that democracy means that
+ `my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge'.
+ \end{tabular}
+
+ Commenting out the third line and uncommenting the fourth makes a
+much better fit.
+
+ The '\-' command only allows LaTeX to break there, it does not
+require that it break there. You can insist on a split with something
+like 'Hef-\linebreak feron'. Of course, if you later change the text
+then this forced break may look very odd, so this approach requires
+care.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \discretionary, Next: \fussy, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \discretionary, Next: \fussy & \sloppy, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking
9.5 '\discretionary' (generalized hyphenation point)
====================================================
Synopsis:
- \discretionary{PRE-BREAK-TEXT}{POST-BREAK-TEXT}{NO-BREAK-TEXT}
+ \discretionary{PRE-BREAK}{POST-BREAK}{NO-BREAK}
+ Handle word changes around hyphens. This command is not often used
+in LaTeX documents.
+
+ If a line break occurs at the point where '\discretionary' appears
+then TeX puts PRE-BREAK at the end of the current line and puts
+POST-BREAK at the start of the next line. If there is no line break
+here then TeX puts NO-BREAK
+
+ In 'difficult' the three letters 'ffi' form a ligature. But TeX can
+nontheless break between the two f's with this.
+
+ di\discretionary{f-}{fi}{ffi}cult
+
+ Note that users do not have to do this. It is typically handled
+automatically by TeX's hyphenation algorithm.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy, Next: \sloppy, Prev: \discretionary, Up: Line breaking
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy & \sloppy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \discretionary, Up: Line breaking
-9.6 '\fussy'
-============
+9.6 '\fussy' & '\sloppy'
+========================
-The declaration '\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
-line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
-cost of an occasional overfull box.
+Declarations to make TeX more picky or less picky about line breaking.
+Declaring '\fussy' usually avoids too much space between words, at the
+cost of an occasional overfull box. Conversely, '\sloppy' avoids
+overfull boxes while suffering loose interword spacing.
- This command cancels the effect of a previous '\sloppy' command
-(*note \sloppy::).
+ The default is '\fussy'. Line breaking in a paragraph is controlled
+by whichever declaration is current at the blank line, or '\par', or
+displayed equation ending that paragraph. So to affect the line breaks
+include that paragraph-ending material in the scope of the command.
+* Menu:
+
+* sloppypar:: Environment version of \sloppy command.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \sloppy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \fussy, Up: Line breaking
+File: latex2e.info, Node: sloppypar, Up: \fussy & \sloppy
-9.7 '\sloppy'
-=============
+9.6.1 'sloppypar'
+-----------------
-The declaration '\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
-This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
+Synopsis:
- Lasts until a '\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::).
+ \begin{sloppypar}
+ ... paragraphs ...
+ \end{sloppypar}
+ Typeset the paragraphs with '\sloppy' in effect (*note \fussy &
+\sloppy::). Use this to locally adjust line breaking, to avoid
+'Overfull box' or 'Underfull box' errors.
+
+ The example is simple.
+
+ \begin{sloppypar}
+ Her plan for the morning thus settled, she sat quietly down to her book
+ after breakfast, resolving to remain in the same place and the same
+ employment till the clock struck one; and from habitude very little
+ incommoded by the remarks and ejaculations of Mrs.\ Allen, whose vacancy
+ of mind and incapacity for thinking were such, that as she never talked
+ a great deal, so she could never be entirely silent; and, therefore, while
+ she sat at her work, if she lost her needle or broke her thread, if she
+ heard a carriage in the street, or saw a speck upon her gown, she must
+ observe it aloud, whether there were anyone at leisure to answer her or not.
+ \end{sloppypar}
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \fussy & \sloppy, Up: Line breaking
-9.8 '\hyphenation'
+9.7 '\hyphenation'
==================
Synopsis:
- \hyphenation{WORD-ONE WORD-TWO}
+ \hyphenation{WORD1 WORD2}
- The '\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with a
-'-' character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces.
-TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are
-tried. Multiple '\hyphenation' commands accumulate. Some examples (the
-default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these
-words):
+ Declares allowed hyphenation points within the listed words. The
+words in the list are separated by spaces. Show permitted points for
+hyphenation with a '-' character.
- \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
+ Here is an example:
+ \hyphenation{hat-er il-lit-e-ra-ti tru-th-i-ness}
+
+ Use lower case letters. TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches
+exactly. Multiple '\hyphenation' commands accumulate.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking
-9.9 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
=================================
-Synopses:
+Synopses, one of:
- \linebreak[PRIORITY]
- \nolinebreak[PRIORITY]
+ \linebreak
+ \linebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
- By default, the '\linebreak' ('\nolinebreak') command forces
-(prevents) a line break at the current position. For '\linebreak', the
-spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right
-margin as usual.
+ or one of:
- With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command from
-a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. The
-higher the number, the more insistent the request.
+ \nolinebreak
+ \nolinebreak[ZERO-TO-FOUR]
+ Encourage or discourage a line break. The optional ZERO-TO-FOUR is
+an integer that converts the command from a demand to a request. The
+higher the number, the more insistent the request. The default is 4, to
+entirely force or prevent the break. Both commands are fragile (*note
+\protect::).
+
+ Here we tell LaTeX that a good place to put a linebreak is after the
+standard legal text.
+
+ \boilerplatelegal{} \linebreak[2]
+ We especially encourage applications from members of traditionally
+ underrepresented groups.
+
+ When you issue '\linebreak', the spaces in the line are stretched out
+so that it extends to the right margin. *Note \\:: and *note \newline::
+to have the spaces not stretched out.
+
File: latex2e.info, Node: Page breaking, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Line breaking, Up: Top
@@ -11295,8 +11443,8 @@
\closing{TEXT}
- Usually at the end of a letter, above the handwritten signature,
-there is a '\closing' (although this command is optional). For example,
+ Optional, but usual. It appears at the end of a letter, above the
+handwritten signature. For example,
\closing{Regards,}
@@ -12181,6 +12329,7 @@
* letters, writing: Letters. (line 6)
* line break, forcing: \\. (line 6)
* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 6)
+* line breaks, changing: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
@@ -12486,6 +12635,7 @@
* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 6)
* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 6)
* slanted font: Font styles. (line 89)
+* sloppypar environment: sloppypar. (line 6)
* small caps font: Font styles. (line 83)
* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 6)
* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 6)
@@ -12977,7 +13127,7 @@
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox. (line 6)
* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6)
* \frown: Math symbols. (line 222)
-* \fussy: \fussy. (line 6)
+* \fussy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 225)
* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 228)
* \gcd: Math functions. (line 51)
@@ -13446,7 +13596,7 @@
* \sin: Math functions. (line 96)
* \sinh: Math functions. (line 99)
* \sl: Font styles. (line 88)
-* \sloppy: \sloppy. (line 6)
+* \sloppy: \fussy & \sloppy. (line 6)
* \slshape: Font styles. (line 45)
* \small: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 644)
@@ -13820,6 +13970,7 @@
* report class: Document classes. (line 11)
* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 47)
* slides class: Document classes. (line 11)
+* sloppypar: sloppypar. (line 6)
* sp: Units of length. (line 36)
* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 6)
* table environment: table. (line 6)
@@ -13850,266 +14001,266 @@
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End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-01 13:46:47 UTC (rev 636)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-06-01 23:40:15 UTC (rev 637)
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
@c xx JH add something on code listings
@c xx JH \strut
@c xx JH \section
+ at c xx JH ligatures
@c
@c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel
@c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included.
@@ -6596,14 +6597,19 @@
@LaTeX{} usually does the line (and page) breaking in the text body for
you but in some environments you manually force line breaks.
+A common workflow is to get a final version of the document content
+before taking a final pass through and considering line breaks (and page
+breaks). This differs from word processing, where you are formatting
+text as you input it. Putting these off until the end prevents a lot of
+fiddling with breaks that will change anyway.
+
@menu
* \\:: Start a new line.
* \obeycr & \restorecr:: Make each input line start a new output line.
* \newline:: Break the line
* \- (hyphenation):: Insert explicit hyphenation.
-* \discretionary:: Insert explicit hyphenation with control of hyphen character.
-* \fussy:: Be fussy about line breaking.
-* \sloppy:: Be sloppy about line breaking.
+* \discretionary:: Explicit control of the hyphen character.
+* \fussy & \sloppy:: Be more or less particular with line breaking.
* \hyphenation:: Tell @LaTeX{} how to hyphenate a word.
* \linebreak & \nolinebreak:: Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
@end menu
@@ -6616,42 +6622,80 @@
@cindex new line, starting
@cindex line break, forcing
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
@example
+\\
\\[@var{morespace}]
@end example
-or
+or one of:
@example
+\\*
\\*[@var{morespace}]
@end example
-Start a new line. The optional argument @var{morespace} specifies extra
-vertical space to be insert before the next line. This can be a
-negative length. The text before the break is set at its normal length,
-that is, it is not stretched to fill out the line width.
+End the current line. The optional argument @var{morespace} specifies
+extra vertical space to be inserted before the next line. This is a
+rubber length (@pxref{Lengths}) and can be negative. The text before
+the line break is set at its normal length, that is, it is not stretched
+to fill out the line width. This command is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
-Explicit line breaks in the text body are unusual in @LaTeX{}. In
-particular, to start a new paragraph instead leave a blank line. This
-command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text such as in
-a @code{tabular} or @code{array} environment.
+The starred form, @code{\\*}, tells @LaTeX{} not to start a new page
+between the two lines, by issuing a @code{\nobreak}.
-Under ordinary circumstances (e.g., outside of a @code{p@{...@}} column
-in a @code{tabular} environment) the @code{\newline} command is a synonym for
- at code{\\} (@pxref{\newline}).
-
-In addition to starting a new line, the starred form @code{\\*} tells
- at LaTeX{} not to start a new page between the two lines, by issuing a
- at code{\nobreak}.
-
@example
\title@{My story: \\[0.25in]
a tale of woe@}
@end example
+Explicit line breaks in the main text body are unusual in @LaTeX{}. In
+particular, don't start new paragraphs with @code{\\}. Instead leave a
+blank line between the two paragraphs. And don't put in a sequence of
+ at code{\\}'s to make vertical space. Instead use
+ at code{\vspace@{@var{length}@}}, or
+ at code{\leavevmode\vspace@{@var{length}@}}, or
+ at code{\vspace*@{@var{length}@}} if you want the space to not be thrown
+out at the top of a new page (@pxref{\vspace}).
+The @code{\\} command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text
+such as in a @code{tabular} or @code{array} environment or in an
+equation environment.
+
+The @code{\\} command is a synonym for @code{\newline}
+(@pxref{\newline}) under ordinary circumstances (an example of an
+exception is the @code{p@{...@}} column in a @code{tabular}
+environment; @pxref{tabular}).
+
+ at c credit: David Carlisle https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/82666
+The @code{\\} command is a macro, and its definition changes by context
+so that its definition in normal text, a @code{center} environment, a
+ at code{flushleft} environment, and a @code{tabular} are all different.
+In normal text when it forces a linebreak it is essentially a shorthand
+for @code{\newline}. It does not end horizontal mode or end the
+paragraph, it just inserts some glue and penalties so that when the
+paragraph does end a linebreak will occur at that point, with the short
+line padded with white space.
+
+You get @samp{LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end} if you use
+ at code{\\} to ask for a new line, rather than to end the current line.
+An example is if you have @code{\begin@{document@}\\} or, more likely,
+something like this.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{center@}
+ \begin@{minipage@}@{0.5\textwidth@}
+ \\
+ In that vertical space put your mark.
+ \end@{minipage@}
+\end@{center@}
+ at end example
+
+The solution is to replace the double backslash with something like
+ at code{\vspace@{\baselineskip@}}.
+
+
@node \obeycr & \restorecr
@section @code{\obeycr} & @code{\restorecr}
@@ -6659,14 +6703,48 @@
@findex \restorecr
@cindex new line, output as input
-The @code{\obeycr} command makes a return in the input file
-(@samp{^^M}, internally) the same as @code{\\} (followed by
- at code{\relax}). So each new line in the input will also be a new line
-in the output.
+The @code{\obeycr} command makes a return in the input file (@samp{^^M},
+internally) the same as @code{\\}, followed by @code{\relax}. So each
+new line in the input will also be a new line in the output. The
+ at code{\restorecr} command restores normal line-breaking behavior.
- at code{\restorecr} restores normal line-breaking behavior.
+This is not the way to show verbatim text or computer code.
+ at xref{verbatim} instead.
+With @LaTeX{}'s usual defaults, this
+ at example
+aaa
+bbb
+
+\obeycr
+ccc
+ddd
+ eee
+
+\restorecr
+fff
+ggg
+
+hhh
+iii
+ at end example
+
+produces output like this.
+
+ at example
+ aaa bbb
+ ccc
+ddd
+eee
+
+fff ggg
+ hhh iii
+ at end example
+
+The indents are paragraph indents.
+
+
@node \newline
@section @code{\newline}
@@ -6674,13 +6752,15 @@
@cindex new line, starting (paragraph mode)
In ordinary text this is equivalent to double-backslash (@pxref{\\}); it
-breaks a line, with no stretching of the text before it.
+ends a line, and does so in a way that does not right-justify the line,
+so the prior text is not stretched. This command is fragile
+(@pxref{\protect}).
Inside a @code{tabular} or @code{array} environment, in a column with a
-specifier producing a paragraph box, like typically @code{p@{...@}},
- at code{\newline} will insert a line break inside of the column, that is,
-it does not break the entire row. To break the entire row use @code{\\}
-or its equivalent @code{\tabularnewline}.
+specifier producing a paragraph box such as typically @code{p@{...@}},
+ at code{\newline} will insert a line end inside of the column; that is, it
+does not break the entire tabular row. To break the entire row use
+ at code{\\} or its equivalent @code{\tabularnewline}.
This will print @samp{Name:} and @samp{Address:} as two lines in a
single cell of the table.
@@ -6700,16 +6780,41 @@
@findex \- @r{(hyphenation)}
@cindex hyphenation, forcing
-The @code{\-} command tells @LaTeX{} that it may hyphenate the word at
-that point. @LaTeX{} is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds
-most of the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an
-incorrect one. The @code{\-} command is used for the exceptional
-cases.
+Tell @LaTeX{} that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you
+insert @code{\-} commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at
+those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that @LaTeX{}
+might otherwise have chosen. This command is robust (@pxref{\protect}).
-When you insert @code{\-} commands in a word, the word will only be
-hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points
-that @LaTeX{} might otherwise have chosen.
+ at LaTeX{} is good at hyphenating and usually finds most of the correct
+hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect one. The
+ at code{\-} command is for exceptional cases.
+For example, @LaTeX{} does not ordinarily hyphenate words containing a
+hyphen. Below, the long and hyphenated word means @LaTeX{} has to put
+in unacceptably large spaces to set the narrow column.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{tabular@}@{rp@{1.75in@}@}
+ Isaac Asimov &The strain of
+ anti-intellectualism
+ % an\-ti-in\-tel\-lec\-tu\-al\-ism
+ has been a constant thread winding its way through our
+ political and cultural life, nurtured by
+ the false notion that democracy means that
+ `my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge'.
+\end@{tabular@}
+ at end example
+
+Commenting out the third line and uncommenting the fourth makes a much
+better fit.
+
+The @code{\-} command only allows @LaTeX{} to break there, it does not
+require that it break there. You can insist on a split with something
+like @code{Hef-\linebreak feron}. Of course, if you later change the
+text then this forced break may look very odd, so this approach requires
+care.
+
+
@node \discretionary
@section @code{\discretionary} (generalized hyphenation point)
@cindex hyphenation, discretionary
@@ -6718,36 +6823,87 @@
Synopsis:
@example
-\discretionary@{@var{pre-break-text}@}@{@var{post-break-text}@}@{@var{no-break-text}@}
+\discretionary@{@var{pre-break}@}@{@var{post-break}@}@{@var{no-break}@}
@end example
- at c xxx TODO, complete this node, see LaTeX-fr
+Handle word changes around hyphens. This command is not often used in
+ at LaTeX{} documents.
- at node \fussy
- at section @code{\fussy}
+If a line break occurs at the point where @code{\discretionary} appears
+then @TeX{} puts @var{pre-break} at the end of the current line and puts
+ at var{post-break} at the start of the next line. If there is no line
+break here then @TeX{} puts @var{no-break}
- at findex \fussy
+In @samp{difficult} the three letters @code{ffi} form a ligature. But
+ at TeX{} can nontheless break between the two f's with this.
-The declaration @code{\fussy} (which is the default) makes @TeX{}
-picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between
-words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.
+ at example
+di\discretionary@{f-@}@{fi@}@{ffi@}cult
+ at end example
-This command cancels the effect of a previous @code{\sloppy} command
-(@pxref{\sloppy}).
+Note that users do not have to do this. It is typically handled
+automatically by @TeX{}'s hyphenation algorithm.
- at node \sloppy
- at section @code{\sloppy}
+ at node \fussy & \sloppy
+ at section @code{\fussy} & @code{\sloppy}
+ at findex \fussy
@findex \sloppy
+ at cindex line breaks, changing
-The declaration @code{\sloppy} makes @TeX{} less fussy about line
-breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose
-interword spacing.
+Declarations to make @TeX{} more picky or less picky about line
+breaking. Declaring @code{\fussy} usually avoids too much space between
+words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. Conversely,
+ at code{\sloppy} avoids overfull boxes while suffering loose interword
+spacing.
-Lasts until a @code{\fussy} command is issued (@pxref{\fussy}).
+The default is @code{\fussy}. Line breaking in a paragraph is
+controlled by whichever declaration is current at the blank line, or
+ at code{\par}, or displayed equation ending that paragraph. So to affect
+the line breaks include that paragraph-ending material in the scope of
+the command.
+ at menu
+* sloppypar:: Environment version of \sloppy command.
+ at end menu
+
+ at node sloppypar
+ at subsection @code{sloppypar}
+
+ at findex sloppypar
+ at cindex sloppypar environment
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ at example
+\begin@{sloppypar@}
+ ... paragraphs ...
+\end@{sloppypar@}
+ at end example
+
+Typeset the paragraphs with @code{\sloppy} in effect (@pxref{\fussy &
+\sloppy}). Use this to locally adjust line breaking, to avoid
+ at samp{Overfull box} or @samp{Underfull box} errors.
+
+The example is simple.
+
+ at example
+\begin@{sloppypar@}
+ Her plan for the morning thus settled, she sat quietly down to her book
+ after breakfast, resolving to remain in the same place and the same
+ employment till the clock struck one; and from habitude very little
+ incommoded by the remarks and ejaculations of Mrs.\ Allen, whose vacancy
+ of mind and incapacity for thinking were such, that as she never talked
+ a great deal, so she could never be entirely silent; and, therefore, while
+ she sat at her work, if she lost her needle or broke her thread, if she
+ heard a carriage in the street, or saw a speck upon her gown, she must
+ observe it aloud, whether there were anyone at leisure to answer her or not.
+\end@{sloppypar@}
+ at end example
+
+
@node \hyphenation
@section @code{\hyphenation}
@@ -6757,21 +6913,23 @@
Synopsis:
@example
-\hyphenation@{@var{word-one} @var{word-two}@}
+\hyphenation@{@var{word1} @var{word2}@}
@end example
-The @code{\hyphenation} command declares allowed hyphenation points
-with a @code{-} character in the given words. The words are separated
-by spaces. @TeX{} will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no
-inflections are tried. Multiple @code{\hyphenation} commands
-accumulate. Some examples (the default @TeX{} hyphenation patterns
-misses the hyphenations in these words):
+Declares allowed hyphenation points within the listed words.
+The words in the list are separated by spaces.
+Show permitted points for hyphenation with a @code{-} character.
+Here is an example:
+
@example
-\hyphenation@{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases@}
+\hyphenation@{hat-er il-lit-e-ra-ti tru-th-i-ness@}
@end example
+Use lower case letters. @TeX{} will only hyphenate if the word matches
+exactly. Multiple @code{\hyphenation} commands accumulate.
+
@node \linebreak & \nolinebreak
@section @code{\linebreak} & @code{\nolinebreak}
@@ -6780,23 +6938,41 @@
@cindex line breaks, forcing
@cindex line breaks, preventing
-Synopses:
+Synopses, one of:
@example
-\linebreak[@var{priority}]
-\nolinebreak[@var{priority}]
+\linebreak
+\linebreak[@var{zero-to-four}]
@end example
-By default, the @code{\linebreak} (@code{\nolinebreak}) command forces
-(prevents) a line break at the current position. For
- at code{\linebreak}, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it
-extends to the right margin as usual.
+or one of:
-With the optional argument @var{priority}, you can convert the command
-from a demand to a request. The @var{priority} must be a number from
-0 to at tie{}4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.
+ at example
+\nolinebreak
+\nolinebreak[@var{zero-to-four}]
+ at end example
+Encourage or discourage a line break. The optional @var{zero-to-four}
+is an integer that converts the command from a demand to a request. The
+higher the number, the more insistent the request. The default is 4, to
+entirely force or prevent the break. Both commands are fragile
+(@pxref{\protect}).
+Here we tell @LaTeX{} that a good place to put a linebreak is after the
+standard legal text.
+
+ at example
+\boilerplatelegal@{@} \linebreak[2]
+We especially encourage applications from members of traditionally
+underrepresented groups.
+ at end example
+
+When you issue @code{\linebreak}, the spaces in the line are stretched
+out so that it extends to the right margin. @xref{\\}
+and at tie{}@ref{\newline} to have the spaces not stretched out.
+
+
+
@node Page breaking
@chapter Page breaking
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