[latexrefman-commits] [SCM] latexrefman updated: r633 - trunk
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
jimhefferon at gnu.org.ua
Wed May 30 20:21:35 CEST 2018
Author: jimhefferon
Date: 2018-05-30 21:21:35 +0300 (Wed, 30 May 2018)
New Revision: 633
Modified:
trunk/ChangeLog
trunk/latex2e.html
trunk/latex2e.info
trunk/latex2e.pdf
trunk/latex2e.texi
Log:
Working through latex-info, and adjusted examples of Footnotes
Modified: trunk/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- trunk/ChangeLog 2018-05-29 16:38:49 UTC (rev 632)
+++ trunk/ChangeLog 2018-05-30 18:21:35 UTC (rev 633)
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2018-05-30 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
+
+ * latex2e.texi (footnote) Next in latex-info is Footnotes.
+ Fold examples together into Footnotes in Tables subsection. Move
+ Parameters subsection material to \footnote. Adjust wording.
+
2018-05-29 Jim Hefferon <jhefferon at smcvt.edu>
* latex2e.texi (thebibliography) Add examples. Adjust wording.
Modified: trunk/latex2e.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.html 2018-05-29 16:38:49 UTC (rev 632)
+++ trunk/latex2e.html 2018-05-30 18:21:35 UTC (rev 633)
@@ -292,11 +292,9 @@
<li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnote">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li>
<li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-a-table-1" href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">11.4 Footnotes in a table</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-section-headings-1" href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">11.5 Footnotes in section headings</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-section-headings-1" href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">11.4 Footnotes in section headings</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-a-table-1" href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">11.5 Footnotes in a table</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Footnotes-of-footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">11.6 Footnotes of footnotes</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Multiple-references-to-footnotes" href="#Multiple-reference-to-footnotes">11.7 Multiple references to footnotes</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Footnote-parameters-1" href="#Footnote-parameters">11.8 Footnote parameters</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="#Definitions">12 Definitions</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -7742,8 +7740,8 @@
\end{titlepage}
</pre></div>
-<p>Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading, and
-with the succeeding page numbered page one.
+<p>Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading and
+with succeeding pages numbered starting with page one.
</p>
<p>In this example all formatting, including vertical spacing, is left to
the author.
@@ -8396,23 +8394,24 @@
<a name="index-footnotes_002c-creating"></a>
-<p>Place a numbered footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
+<p>Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Noël Coward quipped that having to read a footnote is like having
to go downstairs to answer the door, while in the midst of making
-love.\footnote{I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.}
+love.\footnote{%
+ I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.}
</pre></div>
-<p>You can place multiple footnotes on a page. If the text becomes too long
-it will flow to the next page.
+<p>You can put multiple footnotes on a page. If the footnote text becomes
+too long then it will flow to the next page.
</p>
<p>You can also produce footnotes by combining the <code>\footnotemark</code> and
the <code>\footnotetext</code> commands, which is useful in special
circumstances.
</p>
<p>To make bibliographic references come out as footnotes you need to
-include a bibliographic style with that behavior.
+include a bibliographic style with that behavior (see <a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a>).
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfootnote" accesskey="1">\footnote</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Insert a footnote.
@@ -8421,16 +8420,12 @@
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="3">\footnotetext</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Insert footnote text only.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="4">Footnotes in a table</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Table footnotes.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="4">Footnotes in section headings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Chapter or section titles.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="5">Footnotes in section headings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Chapter or section titles.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="5">Footnotes in a table</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Table footnotes.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes" accesskey="6">Footnotes of footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Multiple classes of footnotes.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Multiple-reference-to-footnotes" accesskey="7">Multiple reference to footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Referring to a footnote more than once.
-</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Footnote-parameters" accesskey="8">Footnote parameters</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Parameters for footnote formatting.
-</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -8445,37 +8440,76 @@
<a name="index-_005cfootnote"></a>
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\footnote[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>}
+<pre class="example">\footnote{<var>text</var>}
+\footnote[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Place a numbered footnote <var>text</var> at the bottom of the current page.
+<p>Place a footnote <var>text</var> at the bottom of the current page.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
-\textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{After
-reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
-``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
-of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
-at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''}
+\textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{%
+ After reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
+ ``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
+ of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
+ at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''}
</pre></div>
-<p>The optional argument <var>number</var> allows you to specify the footnote
-number. If you use this option then the footnote number counter is not
-incremented, and if you do not use it then the counter is incremented.
+<p>The optional argument <var>number</var> allows you to specify the number of
+the footnote. If you use this then LaTeX does not increment the
+<code>footnote</code> counter.
</p>
<a name="index-footnotes_002c-symbols-instead-of-numbers"></a>
<a name="index-_005cfnsymbol_002c-and-footnotes"></a>
<a name="index-_005c_0040fnsymbol"></a>
-<p>Change how LaTeX shows the footnote counter with something like
+<p>By default, LaTeX uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change
+this with something like
<code>\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}</code>, which
uses a sequence of symbols (see <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a>). To make this change global put that in the preamble. If
you make the change local then you may want to reset the counter with
-<code>\setcounter{footnote}{0}</code>. By default LaTeX uses arabic
-numbers.
+<code>\setcounter{footnote}{0}</code>.
</p>
+<p>LaTeX determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters.
+</p>
+<a name="index-footnote-parameters"></a>
+<a name="index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes"></a>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\footnoterule</code>
+<a name="index-_005cfootnoterule"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page’s
+footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
+<code>slides</code>, where it does not appear) is: vertical thickness of
+<code>0.4pt</code>, and horizontal size of <code>0.4\columnwidth</code> long.
+Change the rule with something like this.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns keep it from taking up vertical space
+ \kern -3pt % This -3 is the negative of
+ \hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % the sum of this 1
+ \kern 2pt} % and this 2
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\footnotesep</code>
+<a name="index-_005cfootnotesep"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By
+default, this is set to the normal strut for <code>\footnotesize</code>
+fonts (see <a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a>), therefore there is no extra space between
+footnotes. This is ‘<samp>6.65pt</samp>’ for ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, ‘<samp>7.7pt</samp>’ for
+‘<samp>11pt</samp>’, and ‘<samp>8.4pt</samp>’ for ‘<samp>12pt</samp>’. Change it as with
+<code>\setlength{\footnotesep}{11pt}</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The <code>\footnote</code> command is fragile (see <a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>).
+</p>
<p>LaTeX’s default puts many restrictions on where you can use a
<code>\footnote</code>; for instance, you cannot use it in an argument to a
sectioning command such as <code>\chapter</code> (it can only be used in outer
@@ -8484,11 +8518,11 @@
</p>
<a name="index-Footnotes_002c-in-a-minipage"></a>
<a name="index-mpfootnote-counter"></a>
-<p>In a <code>minipage</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code>
-command uses the <code>mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the
-<code>footnote</code> counter, so they are numbered independently. They are
-shown at the bottom of the environment, not at the bottom of the page.
-And by default they are shown alphabetically. See <a href="#minipage">minipage</a>.
+<p>In a <code>minipage</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command uses the
+<code>mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the <code>footnote</code> counter, so
+they are numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the
+environment, not at the bottom of the page. And by default they are
+shown alphabetically. See <a href="#minipage">minipage</a> and <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a>.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -8509,16 +8543,28 @@
\footnotemark[<var>number</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>Put the current footnote number in the
-text. (See <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">\footnotetext</a> for giving the text of the footnote
-separately.) The version with the optional argument <var>number</var> uses
-that number to determine the mark printed. This command can be used in
-inner paragraph mode.
+<p>Put the current footnote mark in the text. To specify associated text
+for the footnote see <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">\footnotetext</a>. The optional argument
+<var>number</var> causes the command to use that number to determine the
+footnote mark. This command can be used in inner paragraph mode.
</p>
-<p>This example gives the same institutional affiliation to both the first
-and third authors (<code>\thanks</code> is a version of <code>footnote</code>).
+<p>If you use <code>\footnotemark</code> without the optional argument then it
+increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional <var>number</var>
+then it does not. The next example produces several consecutive footnote
+markers referring to the same footnote.
</p>
<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">The first theorem\footnote{Due to Gauss.}
+and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value of the
+common mark. This example gives the same institutional affiliation to
+both the first and third authors (<code>\thanks</code> is a version of
+<code>footnote</code>), by-hand giving the number of the footnote.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
\author{J Moriarty\thanks{University of Leeds}
\and A C Doyle\thanks{Durham University}
@@ -8527,23 +8573,44 @@
\maketitle
</pre></div>
-<p>If you use <code>\footnotemark</code> without the optional argument then it
-increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional <var>number</var>
-then it does not. This produces several consecutive footnote markers
-referring to the same footnote.
+<p>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
+is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">The first theorem\footnote{Due to Gauss.}
-and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
-and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+<pre class="example">\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
+All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
+ Source: Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
+Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
+ Source: Captain Hook.}
+Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
+Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
</pre></div>
+<a name="index-package_002c-cleveref-1"></a>
+<a name="index-cleveref-package-1"></a>
+<a name="index-package_002c-hyperref"></a>
+<a name="index-hyperref-package"></a>
+
+<p>This example accomplishes the same by using the package <samp>cleveref</samp>.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % in preamble
+\crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
+...
+The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker and Evers, 1994.}
+The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers and Chance, 1990.}
+But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>It will work with the package <samp>hyperref</samp>.
+</p>
+
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cfootnotetext"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in a table</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></h3>
@@ -8557,204 +8624,160 @@
\footnotetext[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Place <var>text</var> at the bottom of the page as a footnote. This command
-can come anywhere after the <code>\footnotemark</code> command. The optional
-argument <var>number</var> changes the displayed footnote number. The
-<code>\footnotetext</code> command must appear in outer paragraph mode.
+<p>Place <var>text</var> at the bottom of the page as a footnote. It pairs with
+<code>\footnotemark</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a>) and can come anywhere after
+that command, but must appear in outer paragraph mode (see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+The optional argument <var>number</var> changes the number of the footnote
+mark.
</p>
+<p>See <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a> and <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a> for usage
+examples.
+</p>
<hr>
+<a name="Footnotes-in-section-headings"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in a table</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotetext</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">11.4 Footnotes in section headings</h3>
+
+<a name="index-footnote_002c-in-section-headings"></a>
+<a name="index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes"></a>
+
+<p>Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material due to ...}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
+section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
+contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way
+to have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
+argument to <code>\section</code>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\section[Please]{Please\footnote{Don't footnote in chapter and section headers!}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>No <code>\protect</code> is needed in front of <code>\footnote</code> here because
+what gets moved to the table of contents is the optional argument.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<a name="Footnotes-in-a-table"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotetext</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes of footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Footnotes-in-a-table-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.4 Footnotes in a table</h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.5 Footnotes in a table</h3>
-<a name="index-Footnotes_002c-in-a-table"></a>
+<a name="index-footnote_002c-in-a-table"></a>
-<p>Inside a <code>table</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command does not
-work. For instance, if the code below appears on its own then the
-footnote simply disappears; there is a footnote mark in the table cell
-but nothing is set at the bottom of the page.
+<p>Inside a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code>
+command does not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but
+the footnote text does not appear. The solution is to use a
+<code>minipage</code> environment as here (see <a href="#minipage">minipage</a>).
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} \centering
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
- \textsc{Ship} &\textsc{Book} \\ \hline
- \textit{HMS Sophie} &Master and Commander \\
- \textit{HMS Polychrest} &Post Captain \\
- \textit{HMS Lively} &Post Captain \\
- \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{Starting with
- HMS Surprise.}
+ \textsc{Ship} &\textsc{Book} \\ \hline
+ \textit{HMS Sophie} &Master and Commander \\
+ \textit{HMS Polychrest} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit{HMS Lively} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{%
+ Starting with HMS Surprise.}
\end{tabular}
+ \end{minipage}
\end{center}
</pre></div>
-<p>The solution is to surround the <code>tabular</code> environment with a
-<code>minipage</code> environment, as here (see <a href="#minipage">minipage</a>).
+<p>Inside a <code>minipage</code>, footnote marks are lower-case letters. Change
+that with something like
+<code>\renewcommand{\thempfootnote}{\arabic{mpfootnote}}</code>
+(see <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a>).
</p>
+<p>The footnotes in the prior example appear at the bottom of the
+<code>minipage</code>. To have them appear at the bottom of the main page, as
+part of the regular footnote sequence, use the <code>\footnotemark</code> and
+<code>\footnotetext</code> pair and make a new counter.
+</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{center}
- \begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
- ... tabular material ...
- \end{minipage}
+<pre class="example">\newcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
+ \setcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}} \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{l|l}
+ \textsc{Woman} &\textsc{Relationship} \\ \hline
+ Mona &Attached\footnotemark \\
+ Diana Villiers &Eventual wife \\
+ Christine Hatherleigh Wood &Fiance\footnotemark
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{minipage}% percent sign keeps footnote text close to minipage
+ \stepcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}\footnotetext[\value{mpFootnoteValueSaver}]{Little is known other than her death.}%
+ \stepcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}\footnotetext[\value{mpFootnoteValueSaver}]{Relationship is unresolved in XXI.}
\end{center}
</pre></div>
-<p>The same technique will work inside a floating <code>table</code> environment
-(see <a href="#table">table</a>). To get the footnote at the bottom of the page use the
-<samp>tablefootnote</samp> package, as illustrated in this example. If you
-put <code>\usepackage{tablefootnote}</code> in the preamble and use the code
-shown then the footnote appears at the bottom and is numbered in
-sequence with other footnotes.
+<p>For a floating <code>table</code> environment (see <a href="#table">table</a>), use the
+<samp>tablefootnote</samp> package.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\begin{table}
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{tablefootnote} % in preamble
+ ...
+\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
\textsc{Date} &\textsc{Campaign} \\ \hline
1862 &Fort Donelson \\
1863 &Vicksburg \\
- 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\footnote{Ending the war.}
+ 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\tablefootnote{%
+ Ending the war.}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Forces captured by US Grant}
\end{table}
</pre></div>
-
-<hr>
-<a name="Footnotes-in-section-headings"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes of footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in a table</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.5 Footnotes in section headings</h3>
-
-<a name="index-footnotes_002c-in-section-headings"></a>
-<a name="index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes"></a>
-<p>Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
+<p>The footnote appears at the page bottom and is numbered in sequence with
+other footnotes.
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material due to ...}}
-</pre></div>
-<a name="index-package_002c-footmisc"></a>
-<a name="index-footmisc-package"></a>
-
-<a name="index-stable-option-to-footmisc-package"></a>
-<p>causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
-section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
-contents, where it is not likely to be desired. To have it not appear
-on the table of contents use the package <samp>footmisc</samp> with the
-<code>stable</code> option.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\usepackage[stable]{footmisc}
-...
-\begin{document}
-...
-\section{Full sets\footnote{This material due to ...}}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Note that the <code>\protect</code> is gone; including it would cause the
-footnote to reappear on the table of contents.
-</p>
-
<hr>
<a name="Footnotes-of-footnotes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Multiple-reference-to-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Multiple reference to footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in a table</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Footnotes-of-footnotes-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.6 Footnotes of footnotes</h3>
+<a name="index-footnote_002c-of-a-footnote"></a>
+
+<a name="index-package_002c-bigfoot"></a>
+<a name="index-bigfoot-package"></a>
+
<p>Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of
footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package
<samp>bigfoot</samp> extends LaTeX’s default footnote mechanism in many
ways, including allow these two, as in this example.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\usepackage{bigfoot}
+<pre class="example">\usepackage{bigfoot} % in preamble
\DeclareNewFootnote{Default}
\DeclareNewFootnote{from}[alph] % create class \footnotefrom{}
...
-\begin{document}
-...
The third theorem is a partial converse of the
-second.\footnotefrom{First noted in Wilson.\footnote{Second edition only.}}
-...
+second.\footnotefrom{%
+ First noted in Wilson.\footnote{Second edition only.}}
</pre></div>
<hr>
-<a name="Multiple-reference-to-footnotes"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Footnote-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnote parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes of footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="Multiple-references-to-footnotes"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.7 Multiple references to footnotes</h3>
-
-<p>You can refer to a single footnote more than once. This example
-uses the package <samp>cleverref</samp>.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % this version of package or later
-\crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
-...
-\begin{document}
-...
-The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker and Evers, 1994.}
-The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers and Chance, 1990.}
-But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
-...
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>This solution will work with the package <samp>hyperref</samp>.
-See <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a> for a simpler solution in the common case
-of multiple authors with the same affiliation.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-<a name="Footnote-parameters"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Previous: <a href="#Multiple-reference-to-footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Multiple reference to footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="Footnote-parameters-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.8 Footnote parameters</h3>
-
-<a name="index-footnote-parameters"></a>
-<a name="index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes"></a>
-
-<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><code>\footnoterule</code>
-<a name="index-_005cfootnoterule"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page’s
-footnotes. Default dimensions: <code>0.4pt</code> thick (or wide), and
-<code>0.4\columnwidth</code> long in the standard document classes (except
-<code>slides</code>, where it does not appear).
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code>\footnotesep</code>
-<a name="index-_005cfootnotesep"></a>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By
-default, this is set to the normal strut for <code>\footnotesize</code>
-fonts (see <a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a>), therefore there is no extra space between
-footnotes. This is ‘<samp>6.65pt</samp>’ for ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, ‘<samp>7.7pt</samp>’ for
-‘<samp>11pt</samp>’, and ‘<samp>8.4pt</samp>’ for ‘<samp>12pt</samp>’.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-
-<hr>
<a name="Definitions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
@@ -17695,6 +17718,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibTeX_002c-using">bibTeX, using</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-big-circle-symbols_002c-in-text">big circle symbols, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Big-point">Big point</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bigfoot-package"><code>bigfoot</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-black-boxes_002c-omitting">black boxes, omitting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bold-font">bold font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bold-math">bold math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -17752,6 +17776,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-class-options-2">class options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-classes-of-documents">classes of documents</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cleveref-package"><code>cleveref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cleveref-package-1"><code>cleveref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-closing-letters">closing letters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-closing-quote">closing quote</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-code_002c-typesetting">code, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
@@ -17910,14 +17935,14 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for">fonts, new commands for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footer-style">footer style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footer_002c-parameters-for">footer, parameters for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footmisc-package"><code>footmisc</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote-number_002c-cross-referencing">footnote number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote-parameters">footnote parameters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote-parameters">footnote parameters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-a-table">footnote, in a table</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-section-headings">footnote, in section headings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-of-a-footnote">footnote, of a footnote</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes-in-figures">footnotes in figures</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-creating">footnotes, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Footnotes_002c-in-a-minipage">Footnotes, in a minipage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Footnotes_002c-in-a-table">Footnotes, in a table</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-in-section-headings">footnotes, in section headings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-symbols-instead-of-numbers">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-environment-for">formulas, environment for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-math">formulas, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
@@ -17964,6 +17989,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hello_002c-world">hello, world</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-here_002c-putting-floats">here, putting floats</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hungarian-umlaut-accent">hungarian umlaut accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref-package"><code>hyperref</code> <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-defining">hyphenation, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-discretionary">hyphenation, discretionary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-forcing">hyphenation, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">\- (hyphenation)</a></td></tr>
@@ -18154,7 +18180,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>amsthm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>babel</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-bigfoot"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>bigfoot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cleveref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cleveref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cprotect</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>cprotect</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-datetime"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>datetime</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
@@ -18164,9 +18192,9 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyvrb-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>fancyvrb</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-flafter"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>flafter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-float"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>float</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-footmisc"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>footmisc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>geometry</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>geometry</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>hyperref</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>listings</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings-1"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>listings</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="roman">package</span>, <code>macros2e</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-and-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter and \makeatother</a></td></tr>
@@ -18199,7 +18227,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-mode-1">paragraph mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraph-symbol">paragraph symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files">PDF graphic files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files-1">PDF graphic files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
@@ -18313,7 +18341,6 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-insertions">special insertions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specifier_002c-float-placement">specifier, float placement</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-splitting-the-input-file">splitting the input file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stable-option-to-footmisc-package"><code>stable</code> option to <code>footmisc</code> package</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-star_002dvariants_002c-commands">star-variants, commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starred-form_002c-defining-new-commands">starred form, defining new commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page">starting a new page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
@@ -18848,8 +18875,8 @@
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfontsize"><code>\fontsize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnote"><code>\footnote</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotemark"><code>\footnotemark</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnoterule"><code>\footnoterule</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesep"><code>\footnotesep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnoterule"><code>\footnoterule</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesep"><code>\footnotesep</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesize"><code>\footnotesize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotetext"><code>\footnotetext</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">\footnotetext</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip"><code>\footskip</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
Modified: trunk/latex2e.info
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.info 2018-05-29 16:38:49 UTC (rev 632)
+++ trunk/latex2e.info 2018-05-30 18:21:35 UTC (rev 633)
@@ -5176,8 +5176,8 @@
... text and spacing ...
\end{titlepage}
- Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading,
-and with the succeeding page numbered page one.
+ Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading
+and with succeeding pages numbered starting with page one.
In this example all formatting, including vertical spacing, is left
to the author.
@@ -5600,31 +5600,30 @@
11 Footnotes
************
-Place a numbered footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
+Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
Noe"l Coward quipped that having to read a footnote is like having
to go downstairs to answer the door, while in the midst of making
- love.\footnote{I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.}
+ love.\footnote{%
+ I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.}
- You can place multiple footnotes on a page. If the text becomes too
-long it will flow to the next page.
+ You can put multiple footnotes on a page. If the footnote text
+becomes too long then it will flow to the next page.
You can also produce footnotes by combining the '\footnotemark' and
the '\footnotetext' commands, which is useful in special circumstances.
To make bibliographic references come out as footnotes you need to
-include a bibliographic style with that behavior.
+include a bibliographic style with that behavior (*note Using BibTeX::).
* Menu:
* \footnote:: Insert a footnote.
* \footnotemark:: Insert footnote mark only.
* \footnotetext:: Insert footnote text only.
+* Footnotes in section headings:: Chapter or section titles.
* Footnotes in a table:: Table footnotes.
-* Footnotes in section headings:: Chapter or section titles.
* Footnotes of footnotes:: Multiple classes of footnotes.
-* Multiple reference to footnotes:: Referring to a footnote more than once.
-* Footnote parameters:: Parameters for footnote formatting.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnote, Next: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes
@@ -5632,30 +5631,56 @@
11.1 '\footnote'
================
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
+ \footnote{TEXT}
\footnote[NUMBER]{TEXT}
- Place a numbered footnote TEXT at the bottom of the current page.
+ Place a footnote TEXT at the bottom of the current page.
There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
- \textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{After
- reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
- ``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
- of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
- at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''}
+ \textit{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}.\footnote{%
+ After reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
+ ``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
+ of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
+ at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''}
- The optional argument NUMBER allows you to specify the footnote
-number. If you use this option then the footnote number counter is not
-incremented, and if you do not use it then the counter is incremented.
+ The optional argument NUMBER allows you to specify the number of the
+footnote. If you use this then LaTeX does not increment the 'footnote'
+counter.
- Change how LaTeX shows the footnote counter with something like
+ By default, LaTeX uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change
+this with something like
'\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}', which uses a
sequence of symbols (*note \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman
\fnsymbol::). To make this change global put that in the preamble. If
you make the change local then you may want to reset the counter with
-'\setcounter{footnote}{0}'. By default LaTeX uses arabic numbers.
+'\setcounter{footnote}{0}'.
+ LaTeX determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters.
+
+'\footnoterule'
+ Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
+ page's footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document
+ classes (except 'slides', where it does not appear) is: vertical
+ thickness of '0.4pt', and horizontal size of '0.4\columnwidth'
+ long. Change the rule with something like this.
+
+ \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns keep it from taking up vertical space
+ \kern -3pt % This -3 is the negative of
+ \hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % the sum of this 1
+ \kern 2pt} % and this 2
+
+'\footnotesep'
+ The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote.
+ By default, this is set to the normal strut for '\footnotesize'
+ fonts (*note Font sizes::), therefore there is no extra space
+ between footnotes. This is '6.65pt' for '10pt', '7.7pt' for
+ '11pt', and '8.4pt' for '12pt'. Change it as with
+ '\setlength{\footnotesep}{11pt}'.
+
+ The '\footnote' command is fragile (*note \protect::).
+
LaTeX's default puts many restrictions on where you can use a
'\footnote'; for instance, you cannot use it in an argument to a
sectioning command such as '\chapter' (it can only be used in outer
@@ -5666,7 +5691,8 @@
'mpfootnote' counter instead of the 'footnote' counter, so they are
numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the
environment, not at the bottom of the page. And by default they are
-shown alphabetically. *Note minipage::.
+shown alphabetically. *Note minipage:: and *note Footnotes in a
+table::.
File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotemark, Next: \footnotetext, Prev: \footnote, Up: Footnotes
@@ -5679,14 +5705,25 @@
\footnotemark
\footnotemark[NUMBER]
- Put the current footnote number in the text. (See *note
-\footnotetext:: for giving the text of the footnote separately.) The
-version with the optional argument NUMBER uses that number to determine
-the mark printed. This command can be used in inner paragraph mode.
+ Put the current footnote mark in the text. To specify associated
+text for the footnote see *note \footnotetext::. The optional argument
+NUMBER causes the command to use that number to determine the footnote
+mark. This command can be used in inner paragraph mode.
- This example gives the same institutional affiliation to both the
-first and third authors ('\thanks' is a version of 'footnote').
+ If you use '\footnotemark' without the optional argument then it
+increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional NUMBER then
+it does not. The next example produces several consecutive footnote
+markers referring to the same footnote.
+ The first theorem\footnote{Due to Gauss.}
+ and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+ and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+
+ If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value
+of the common mark. This example gives the same institutional
+affiliation to both the first and third authors ('\thanks' is a version
+of 'footnote'), by-hand giving the number of the footnote.
+
\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
\author{J Moriarty\thanks{University of Leeds}
\and A C Doyle\thanks{Durham University}
@@ -5694,17 +5731,30 @@
\begin{document}
\maketitle
- If you use '\footnotemark' without the optional argument then it
-increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional NUMBER then
-it does not. This produces several consecutive footnote markers
-referring to the same footnote.
+ This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third
+sentence is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
- The first theorem\footnote{Due to Gauss.}
- and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
- and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+ \newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
+ All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
+ Source: Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
+ Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
+ Source: Captain Hook.}
+ Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
+ Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
+ This example accomplishes the same by using the package 'cleveref'.
+
+ \usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % in preamble
+ \crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
+ ...
+ The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker and Evers, 1994.}
+ The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers and Chance, 1990.}
+ But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
+
+ It will work with the package 'hyperref'.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Footnotes in a table, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Footnotes in section headings, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes
11.3 '\footnotetext'
====================
@@ -5714,87 +5764,106 @@
\footnotetext{TEXT}
\footnotetext[NUMBER]{TEXT}
- Place TEXT at the bottom of the page as a footnote. This command can
-come anywhere after the '\footnotemark' command. The optional argument
-NUMBER changes the displayed footnote number. The '\footnotetext'
-command must appear in outer paragraph mode.
+ Place TEXT at the bottom of the page as a footnote. It pairs with
+'\footnotemark' (*note \footnotemark::) and can come anywhere after that
+command, but must appear in outer paragraph mode (*note Modes::). The
+optional argument NUMBER changes the number of the footnote mark.
+ *Note \footnotemark:: and *note Footnotes in a table:: for usage
+examples.
+
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes in a table, Next: Footnotes in section headings, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes in section headings, Next: Footnotes in a table, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes
-11.4 Footnotes in a table
+11.4 Footnotes in section headings
+==================================
+
+Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
+
+ \section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material due to ...}}
+
+causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
+section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
+contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way to
+have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
+argument to '\section'
+
+ \section[Please]{Please\footnote{Don't footnote in chapter and section headers!}}
+
+ No '\protect' is needed in front of '\footnote' here because what
+gets moved to the table of contents is the optional argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes in a table, Next: Footnotes of footnotes, Prev: Footnotes in section headings, Up: Footnotes
+
+11.5 Footnotes in a table
=========================
-Inside a 'table' environment the '\footnote' command does not work. For
-instance, if the code below appears on its own then the footnote simply
-disappears; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but nothing is
-set at the bottom of the page.
+Inside a 'tabular' or 'array' environment the '\footnote' command does
+not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but the footnote
+text does not appear. The solution is to use a 'minipage' environment
+as here (*note minipage::).
\begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} \centering
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
- \textsc{Ship} &\textsc{Book} \\ \hline
- \textit{HMS Sophie} &Master and Commander \\
- \textit{HMS Polychrest} &Post Captain \\
- \textit{HMS Lively} &Post Captain \\
- \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{Starting with
- HMS Surprise.}
+ \textsc{Ship} &\textsc{Book} \\ \hline
+ \textit{HMS Sophie} &Master and Commander \\
+ \textit{HMS Polychrest} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit{HMS Lively} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{%
+ Starting with HMS Surprise.}
\end{tabular}
+ \end{minipage}
\end{center}
- The solution is to surround the 'tabular' environment with a
-'minipage' environment, as here (*note minipage::).
+ Inside a 'minipage', footnote marks are lower-case letters. Change
+that with something like
+'\renewcommand{\thempfootnote}{\arabic{mpfootnote}}' (*note \alph \Alph
+\arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::).
+ The footnotes in the prior example appear at the bottom of the
+'minipage'. To have them appear at the bottom of the main page, as part
+of the regular footnote sequence, use the '\footnotemark' and
+'\footnotetext' pair and make a new counter.
+
+ \newcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}
\begin{center}
- \begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
- ... tabular material ...
- \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
+ \setcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}} \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{l|l}
+ \textsc{Woman} &\textsc{Relationship} \\ \hline
+ Mona &Attached\footnotemark \\
+ Diana Villiers &Eventual wife \\
+ Christine Hatherleigh Wood &Fiance\footnotemark
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{minipage}% percent sign keeps footnote text close to minipage
+ \stepcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}\footnotetext[\value{mpFootnoteValueSaver}]{Little is known other than her death.}%
+ \stepcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}\footnotetext[\value{mpFootnoteValueSaver}]{Relationship is unresolved in XXI.}
\end{center}
- The same technique will work inside a floating 'table' environment
-(*note table::). To get the footnote at the bottom of the page use the
-'tablefootnote' package, as illustrated in this example. If you put
-'\usepackage{tablefootnote}' in the preamble and use the code shown then
-the footnote appears at the bottom and is numbered in sequence with
-other footnotes.
+ For a floating 'table' environment (*note table::), use the
+'tablefootnote' package.
+ \usepackage{tablefootnote} % in preamble
+ ...
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
\textsc{Date} &\textsc{Campaign} \\ \hline
1862 &Fort Donelson \\
1863 &Vicksburg \\
- 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\footnote{Ending the war.}
+ 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\tablefootnote{%
+ Ending the war.}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Forces captured by US Grant}
\end{table}
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes in section headings, Next: Footnotes of footnotes, Prev: Footnotes in a table, Up: Footnotes
+ The footnote appears at the page bottom and is numbered in sequence
+with other footnotes.
-11.5 Footnotes in section headings
-==================================
-
-Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
-
- \section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material due to ...}}
-
-causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
-section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
-contents, where it is not likely to be desired. To have it not appear
-on the table of contents use the package 'footmisc' with the 'stable'
-option.
-
- \usepackage[stable]{footmisc}
- ...
- \begin{document}
- ...
- \section{Full sets\footnote{This material due to ...}}
-
- Note that the '\protect' is gone; including it would cause the
-footnote to reappear on the table of contents.
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes of footnotes, Next: Multiple reference to footnotes, Prev: Footnotes in section headings, Up: Footnotes
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes of footnotes, Prev: Footnotes in a table, Up: Footnotes
11.6 Footnotes of footnotes
===========================
@@ -5804,59 +5873,15 @@
'bigfoot' extends LaTeX's default footnote mechanism in many ways,
including allow these two, as in this example.
- \usepackage{bigfoot}
+ \usepackage{bigfoot} % in preamble
\DeclareNewFootnote{Default}
\DeclareNewFootnote{from}[alph] % create class \footnotefrom{}
...
- \begin{document}
- ...
The third theorem is a partial converse of the
- second.\footnotefrom{First noted in Wilson.\footnote{Second edition only.}}
- ...
+ second.\footnotefrom{%
+ First noted in Wilson.\footnote{Second edition only.}}
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Multiple reference to footnotes, Next: Footnote parameters, Prev: Footnotes of footnotes, Up: Footnotes
-
-11.7 Multiple references to footnotes
-=====================================
-
-You can refer to a single footnote more than once. This example uses
-the package 'cleverref'.
-
- \usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % this version of package or later
- \crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
- ...
- \begin{document}
- ...
- The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker and Evers, 1994.}
- The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers and Chance, 1990.}
- But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
- ...
-
- This solution will work with the package 'hyperref'. See *note
-\footnotemark:: for a simpler solution in the common case of multiple
-authors with the same affiliation.
-
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Multiple reference to footnotes, Up: Footnotes
-
-11.8 Footnote parameters
-========================
-
-'\footnoterule'
- Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
- page's footnotes. Default dimensions: '0.4pt' thick (or wide), and
- '0.4\columnwidth' long in the standard document classes (except
- 'slides', where it does not appear).
-
-'\footnotesep'
- The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote.
- By default, this is set to the normal strut for '\footnotesize'
- fonts (*note Font sizes::), therefore there is no extra space
- between footnotes. This is '6.65pt' for '10pt', '7.7pt' for
- '11pt', and '8.4pt' for '12pt'.
-
-
File: latex2e.info, Node: Definitions, Next: Counters, Prev: Footnotes, Up: Top
12 Definitions
@@ -11585,6 +11610,8 @@
* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 82)
* Big point: Units of length. (line 20)
+* bigfoot package: Footnotes of footnotes.
+ (line 6)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
(line 53)
* bold font: Font styles. (line 71)
@@ -11655,6 +11682,7 @@
(line 66)
* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 6)
* cleveref package: Cross references. (line 38)
+* cleveref package <1>: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* closing letters: \closing. (line 6)
* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 55)
* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6)
@@ -11841,18 +11869,18 @@
* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 6)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
-* footmisc package: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 10)
* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
-* footnote parameters: Footnote parameters. (line 6)
+* footnote parameters: \footnote. (line 34)
+* footnote, in a table: Footnotes in a table.
+ (line 6)
+* footnote, in section headings: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 6)
+* footnote, of a footnote: Footnotes of footnotes.
+ (line 6)
* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 112)
* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6)
-* Footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 36)
-* Footnotes, in a table: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 6)
-* footnotes, in section headings: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 6)
-* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 23)
+* Footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 62)
+* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 24)
* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 6)
* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 6)
* forward reference: Cross references. (line 27)
@@ -11902,6 +11930,7 @@
* hello, world: Starting and ending. (line 6)
* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 52)
* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 59)
+* hyperref package: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6)
* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 6)
* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 6)
@@ -12044,7 +12073,7 @@
* modes: Modes. (line 6)
* monospace font: Font styles. (line 92)
* moving arguments: \protect. (line 19)
-* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 36)
+* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 62)
* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 49)
* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 6)
* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -12115,7 +12144,10 @@
* package, amsthm: theorem. (line 28)
* package, babel: thebibliography. (line 53)
* package, babel <1>: Accents. (line 6)
+* package, bigfoot: Footnotes of footnotes.
+ (line 6)
* package, cleveref: Cross references. (line 38)
+* package, cleveref <1>: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, cprotect: verbatim. (line 26)
* package, cprotect <1>: \verb. (line 34)
* package, datetime: \today. (line 22)
@@ -12126,12 +12158,11 @@
* package, fancyvrb <1>: verbatim. (line 37)
* package, flafter: Floats. (line 82)
* package, float: Floats. (line 52)
-* package, footmisc: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 10)
* package, geometry: Document class options.
(line 40)
* package, geometry <1>: Document class options.
(line 44)
+* package, hyperref: \footnotemark. (line 48)
* package, listings: tabbing. (line 145)
* package, listings <1>: verbatim. (line 31)
* package, macros2e: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
@@ -12173,7 +12204,7 @@
* paragraph mode <1>: \parbox. (line 14)
* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 44)
* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 6)
-* parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters. (line 6)
+* parameters, for footnotes: \footnote. (line 34)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
* PDF graphic files: Graphics package configuration.
@@ -12300,8 +12331,6 @@
* special insertions: Special insertions. (line 6)
* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 31)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input. (line 6)
-* stable option to footmisc package: Footnotes in section headings.
- (line 10)
* star-variants, commands: \@ifstar. (line 6)
* starred form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 16)
@@ -12481,7 +12510,7 @@
* \@: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6)
* \@beginparpenalty: list. (line 235)
* \@endparpenalty: list. (line 243)
-* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 23)
+* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 24)
* \@ifstar: \@ifstar. (line 6)
* \@itempenalty: list. (line 239)
* \@startsection: \@startsection. (line 6)
@@ -12745,7 +12774,7 @@
* \floatsep: Floats. (line 114)
* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 115)
* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 6)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 23)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 24)
* \fnsymbol{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
(line 37)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
@@ -12760,8 +12789,8 @@
(line 101)
* \footnote: \footnote. (line 6)
* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 6)
-* \footnoterule: Footnote parameters. (line 6)
-* \footnotesep: Footnote parameters. (line 12)
+* \footnoterule: \footnote. (line 34)
+* \footnotesep: \footnote. (line 46)
* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 6)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
@@ -13750,167 +13779,165 @@
Node: Using BibTeX195363
Node: theorem197310
Node: titlepage198232
-Node: verbatim199505
-Node: \verb201015
-Node: verse202484
-Node: Line breaking203212
-Node: \\204309
-Node: \obeycr & \restorecr205347
-Node: \newline205749
-Node: \- (hyphenation)206583
-Node: \discretionary207198
-Node: \fussy207490
-Node: \sloppy207880
-Node: \hyphenation208207
-Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak208832
-Node: Page breaking209484
-Node: \cleardoublepage210092
-Node: \clearpage210521
-Node: \newpage210818
-Node: \enlargethispage211049
-Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak211576
-Node: Footnotes212270
-Node: \footnote213524
-Node: \footnotemark215335
-Node: \footnotetext216579
-Node: Footnotes in a table217069
-Node: Footnotes in section headings218926
-Node: Footnotes of footnotes219782
-Node: Multiple reference to footnotes220549
-Node: Footnote parameters221407
-Node: Definitions222157
-Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand223034
-Node: \providecommand227280
-Node: \newcounter227941
-Node: \newlength229092
-Node: \newsavebox229738
-Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment230348
-Node: \newtheorem235079
-Node: \newfont238552
-Node: \protect239847
-Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend242233
-Node: Counters244982
-Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol246655
-Node: \usecounter249484
-Node: \value250347
-Node: \setcounter251276
-Node: \addtocounter251878
-Node: \refstepcounter252343
-Node: \stepcounter253001
-Node: \day \month \year253343
-Node: Lengths253888
-Node: Units of length255678
-Node: \setlength257172
-Node: \addtolength257576
-Node: \settodepth257894
-Node: \settoheight258185
-Node: \settowidth258482
-Node: Predefined lengths258790
-Node: Making paragraphs259305
-Node: \indent259877
-Node: \noindent260339
-Node: \parskip260848
-Node: Marginal notes261106
-Node: Math formulas262918
-Node: Subscripts & superscripts264702
-Node: Math symbols266040
-Node: Math functions291369
-Node: Math accents292312
-Node: Spacing in math mode293284
-Node: Math miscellany294751
-Node: Modes297301
-Node: \ensuremath299141
-Node: Page styles300057
-Node: \maketitle300551
-Node: \pagenumbering301621
-Node: \pagestyle302117
-Node: \thispagestyle303258
-Node: Spaces303564
-Node: \hspace304434
-Node: \hfill305389
-Node: \spacefactor305781
-Node: \(SPACE) and \@308493
-Ref: \AT308636
-Node: \frenchspacing310113
-Node: \normalsfcodes310729
-Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence310918
-Node: \thinspace311829
-Node: \/312149
-Node: \hrulefill \dotfill313331
-Node: \addvspace314324
-Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip315370
-Node: \vfill316262
-Node: \vspace317131
-Node: Boxes318124
-Node: \mbox318836
-Node: \fbox and \framebox319123
-Node: lrbox319927
-Node: \makebox320285
-Node: \parbox321005
-Node: \raisebox323116
-Node: \savebox323729
-Node: \sbox324144
-Node: \usebox324593
-Node: Color324854
-Node: Color package options325698
-Node: Color models327344
-Node: Commands for color329653
-Node: Define colors330068
-Node: Colored text330783
-Node: Colored boxes333158
-Node: Colored pages334597
-Node: Graphics335290
-Node: Graphics package options337417
-Node: Graphics package configuration340173
-Node: \graphicspath340975
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions343898
-Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule345695
-Node: Commands for graphics348884
-Node: \includegraphics349389
-Node: \rotatebox362358
-Node: \scalebox365153
-Node: \resizebox366205
-Node: Special insertions367397
-Node: Reserved characters368201
-Node: Upper and lower case369402
-Node: Symbols by font position371317
-Node: Text symbols371937
-Node: Accents375385
-Node: Additional Latin letters377927
-Ref: Non-English characters378098
-Node: \rule379115
-Node: \today379544
-Node: Splitting the input380298
-Node: \endinput381675
-Node: \include & \includeonly382942
-Node: \input386959
-Node: Front/back matter387667
-Node: Tables of contents387872
-Node: \addcontentsline388933
-Node: \addtocontents389951
-Node: Glossaries390484
-Node: Indexes391003
-Node: Letters392636
-Node: \address396314
-Node: \cc397184
-Node: \closing397602
-Node: \encl397913
-Node: \location398328
-Node: \makelabels398597
-Node: \name399598
-Node: \opening399828
-Node: \ps400168
-Node: \signature400457
-Node: \telephone401549
-Node: Terminal input/output401914
-Node: \typein402179
-Node: \typeout402764
-Node: Command line403387
-Node: Document templates404339
-Node: beamer template404746
-Node: book template405397
-Node: tugboat template405765
-Node: Concept Index408129
-Node: Command Index472416
+Node: verbatim199515
+Node: \verb201025
+Node: verse202494
+Node: Line breaking203222
+Node: \\204319
+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr205357
+Node: \newline205759
+Node: \- (hyphenation)206593
+Node: \discretionary207208
+Node: \fussy207500
+Node: \sloppy207890
+Node: \hyphenation208217
+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak208842
+Node: Page breaking209494
+Node: \cleardoublepage210102
+Node: \clearpage210531
+Node: \newpage210828
+Node: \enlargethispage211059
+Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak211586
+Node: Footnotes212280
+Node: \footnote213426
+Node: \footnotemark216374
+Node: \footnotetext218719
+Node: Footnotes in section headings219320
+Node: Footnotes in a table220147
+Node: Footnotes of footnotes223025
+Node: Definitions223729
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand224606
+Node: \providecommand228852
+Node: \newcounter229513
+Node: \newlength230664
+Node: \newsavebox231310
+Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment231920
+Node: \newtheorem236651
+Node: \newfont240124
+Node: \protect241419
+Node: \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend243805
+Node: Counters246554
+Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol248227
+Node: \usecounter251056
+Node: \value251919
+Node: \setcounter252848
+Node: \addtocounter253450
+Node: \refstepcounter253915
+Node: \stepcounter254573
+Node: \day \month \year254915
+Node: Lengths255460
+Node: Units of length257250
+Node: \setlength258744
+Node: \addtolength259148
+Node: \settodepth259466
+Node: \settoheight259757
+Node: \settowidth260054
+Node: Predefined lengths260362
+Node: Making paragraphs260877
+Node: \indent261449
+Node: \noindent261911
+Node: \parskip262420
+Node: Marginal notes262678
+Node: Math formulas264490
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts266274
+Node: Math symbols267612
+Node: Math functions292941
+Node: Math accents293884
+Node: Spacing in math mode294856
+Node: Math miscellany296323
+Node: Modes298873
+Node: \ensuremath300713
+Node: Page styles301629
+Node: \maketitle302123
+Node: \pagenumbering303193
+Node: \pagestyle303689
+Node: \thispagestyle304830
+Node: Spaces305136
+Node: \hspace306006
+Node: \hfill306961
+Node: \spacefactor307353
+Node: \(SPACE) and \@310065
+Ref: \AT310208
+Node: \frenchspacing311685
+Node: \normalsfcodes312301
+Node: \(SPACE) after control sequence312490
+Node: \thinspace313401
+Node: \/313721
+Node: \hrulefill \dotfill314903
+Node: \addvspace315896
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip316942
+Node: \vfill317834
+Node: \vspace318703
+Node: Boxes319696
+Node: \mbox320408
+Node: \fbox and \framebox320695
+Node: lrbox321499
+Node: \makebox321857
+Node: \parbox322577
+Node: \raisebox324688
+Node: \savebox325301
+Node: \sbox325716
+Node: \usebox326165
+Node: Color326426
+Node: Color package options327270
+Node: Color models328916
+Node: Commands for color331225
+Node: Define colors331640
+Node: Colored text332355
+Node: Colored boxes334730
+Node: Colored pages336169
+Node: Graphics336862
+Node: Graphics package options338989
+Node: Graphics package configuration341745
+Node: \graphicspath342547
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsExtensions345470
+Node: \DeclareGraphicsRule347267
+Node: Commands for graphics350456
+Node: \includegraphics350961
+Node: \rotatebox363930
+Node: \scalebox366725
+Node: \resizebox367777
+Node: Special insertions368969
+Node: Reserved characters369773
+Node: Upper and lower case370974
+Node: Symbols by font position372889
+Node: Text symbols373509
+Node: Accents376957
+Node: Additional Latin letters379499
+Ref: Non-English characters379670
+Node: \rule380687
+Node: \today381116
+Node: Splitting the input381870
+Node: \endinput383247
+Node: \include & \includeonly384514
+Node: \input388531
+Node: Front/back matter389239
+Node: Tables of contents389444
+Node: \addcontentsline390505
+Node: \addtocontents391523
+Node: Glossaries392056
+Node: Indexes392575
+Node: Letters394208
+Node: \address397886
+Node: \cc398756
+Node: \closing399174
+Node: \encl399485
+Node: \location399900
+Node: \makelabels400169
+Node: \name401170
+Node: \opening401400
+Node: \ps401740
+Node: \signature402029
+Node: \telephone403121
+Node: Terminal input/output403486
+Node: \typein403751
+Node: \typeout404336
+Node: Command line404959
+Node: Document templates405911
+Node: beamer template406318
+Node: book template406969
+Node: tugboat template407337
+Node: Concept Index409701
+Node: Command Index474259
End Tag Table
Modified: trunk/latex2e.pdf
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/latex2e.texi
===================================================================
--- trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-05-29 16:38:49 UTC (rev 632)
+++ trunk/latex2e.texi 2018-05-30 18:21:35 UTC (rev 633)
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
@c xx JH expand theorem, AMS math
@c xx JH add something on code listings
@c xx JH \strut
+ at c xx JH \section
@c
@c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel
@c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included.
@@ -6396,8 +6397,8 @@
\end@{titlepage@}
@end example
-Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading, and
-with the succeeding page numbered page one.
+Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading and
+with succeeding pages numbered starting with page one.
In this example all formatting, including vertical spacing, is left to
the author.
@@ -6901,33 +6902,32 @@
@cindex footnotes, creating
-Place a numbered footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
+Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here.
@example
No@"{e}l Coward quipped that having to read a footnote is like having
to go downstairs to answer the door, while in the midst of making
-love.\footnote@{I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.@}
+love.\footnote@{%
+ I wouldn't know, I don't read footnotes.@}
@end example
-You can place multiple footnotes on a page. If the text becomes too long
-it will flow to the next page.
+You can put multiple footnotes on a page. If the footnote text becomes
+too long then it will flow to the next page.
You can also produce footnotes by combining the @code{\footnotemark} and
the @code{\footnotetext} commands, which is useful in special
circumstances.
To make bibliographic references come out as footnotes you need to
-include a bibliographic style with that behavior.
+include a bibliographic style with that behavior (@pxref{Using BibTeX}).
@menu
* \footnote:: Insert a footnote.
* \footnotemark:: Insert footnote mark only.
* \footnotetext:: Insert footnote text only.
+* Footnotes in section headings:: Chapter or section titles.
* Footnotes in a table:: Table footnotes.
-* Footnotes in section headings:: Chapter or section titles.
* Footnotes of footnotes:: Multiple classes of footnotes.
-* Multiple reference to footnotes:: Referring to a footnote more than once.
-* Footnote parameters:: Parameters for footnote formatting.
@end menu
@@ -6936,52 +6936,85 @@
@findex \footnote
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
@example
+\footnote@{@var{text}@}
\footnote[@var{number}]@{@var{text}@}
@end example
-Place a numbered footnote @var{text} at the bottom of the current page.
+Place a footnote @var{text} at the bottom of the current page.
@example
There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's
-\textit@{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire@}.\footnote@{After
-reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
-``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
-of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
-at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''@}
+\textit@{Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire@}.\footnote@{%
+ After reading an early version with endnotes David Hume complained,
+ ``One is also plagued with his Notes, according to the present Method
+ of printing the Book'' and suggested that they ``only to be printed
+ at the Margin or the Bottom of the Page.''@}
@end example
-The optional argument @var{number} allows you to specify the footnote
-number. If you use this option then the footnote number counter is not
-incremented, and if you do not use it then the counter is incremented.
+The optional argument @var{number} allows you to specify the number of
+the footnote. If you use this then @LaTeX{} does not increment the
+ at code{footnote} counter.
@cindex footnotes, symbols instead of numbers
@findex \fnsymbol at r{, and footnotes}
@findex \@@fnsymbol
-Change how @LaTeX{} shows the footnote counter with something like
+By default, @LaTeX{} uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change
+this with something like
@code{\renewcommand@{\thefootnote@}@{\fnsymbol@{footnote@}@}}, which
uses a sequence of symbols (@pxref{\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman
\fnsymbol}). To make this change global put that in the preamble. If
you make the change local then you may want to reset the counter with
- at code{\setcounter@{footnote@}@{0@}}. By default @LaTeX{} uses arabic
-numbers.
+ at code{\setcounter@{footnote@}@{0@}}.
+ at LaTeX{} determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters.
+
+ at cindex footnote parameters
+ at cindex parameters, for footnotes
+
+ at ftable @code
+ at item \footnoterule
+Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page's
+footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
+ at code{slides}, where it does not appear) is: vertical thickness of
+ at code{0.4pt}, and horizontal size of @code{0.4\columnwidth} long.
+Change the rule with something like this.
+
+ at c Credit egreg: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/21917
+ at example
+\renewcommand@{\footnoterule@}@{% Kerns keep it from taking up vertical space
+ \kern -3pt % This -3 is the negative of
+ \hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % the sum of this 1
+ \kern 2pt@} % and this 2
+ at end example
+
+ at item \footnotesep
+The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By
+default, this is set to the normal strut for @code{\footnotesize}
+fonts (@pxref{Font sizes}), therefore there is no extra space between
+footnotes. This is @samp{6.65pt} for @samp{10pt}, @samp{7.7pt} for
+ at samp{11pt}, and @samp{8.4pt} for @samp{12pt}. Change it as with
+ at code{\setlength@{\footnotesep@}@{11pt@}}.
+
+ at end ftable
+
+The @code{\footnote} command is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
+
@LaTeX{}'s default puts many restrictions on where you can use a
@code{\footnote}; for instance, you cannot use it in an argument to a
sectioning command such as @code{\chapter} (it can only be used in outer
paragraph mode; @pxref{Modes}). There are some workarounds; see
following sections.
- at c xx mention packages that fix this
@cindex Footnotes, in a minipage
@cindex mpfootnote counter
-In a @code{minipage} environment the @code{\footnote}
-command uses the @code{mpfootnote} counter instead of the
- at code{footnote} counter, so they are numbered independently. They are
-shown at the bottom of the environment, not at the bottom of the page.
-And by default they are shown alphabetically. @xref{minipage}.
+In a @code{minipage} environment the @code{\footnote} command uses the
+ at code{mpfootnote} counter instead of the @code{footnote} counter, so
+they are numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the
+environment, not at the bottom of the page. And by default they are
+shown alphabetically. @xref{minipage} and @ref{Footnotes in a table}.
@node \footnotemark
@@ -6996,16 +7029,28 @@
\footnotemark[@var{number}]
@end example
-Put the current footnote number in the
-text. (See at tie{}@ref{\footnotetext} for giving the text of the footnote
-separately.) The version with the optional argument @var{number} uses
-that number to determine the mark printed. This command can be used in
-inner paragraph mode.
+Put the current footnote mark in the text. To specify associated text
+for the footnote see at tie{}@ref{\footnotetext}. The optional argument
+ at var{number} causes the command to use that number to determine the
+footnote mark. This command can be used in inner paragraph mode.
-This example gives the same institutional affiliation to both the first
-and third authors (@code{\thanks} is a version of @code{footnote}).
+If you use @code{\footnotemark} without the optional argument then it
+increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional @var{number}
+then it does not. The next example produces several consecutive footnote
+markers referring to the same footnote.
@example
+The first theorem\footnote@{Due to Gauss.@}
+and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value@{footnote@}]
+and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value@{footnote@}]
+ at end example
+
+If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value of the
+common mark. This example gives the same institutional affiliation to
+both the first and third authors (@code{\thanks} is a version of
+ at code{footnote}), by-hand giving the number of the footnote.
+
+ at example
\title@{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem@}
\author@{J Moriarty\thanks@{University of Leeds@}
\and A C Doyle\thanks@{Durham University@}
@@ -7014,18 +7059,36 @@
\maketitle
@end example
-If you use @code{\footnotemark} without the optional argument then it
-increments the footnote counter but if you use the optional @var{number}
-then it does not. This produces several consecutive footnote markers
-referring to the same footnote.
+This uses a counter to remember the footnote number. The third sentence
+is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
@example
-The first theorem\footnote@{Due to Gauss.@}
-and the second theorem\footnotemark[\value@{footnote@}]
-and the third theorem.\footnotemark[\value@{footnote@}]
+\newcounter@{footnoteValueSaver@}
+All babies are illogical.\footnote@{%
+ Source: Lewis Carroll.@}\setcounter@{footnoteValueSaver@}@{\value@{footnote@}@}
+Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote@{%
+ Source: Captain Hook.@}
+Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value@{footnoteValueSaver@}]
+Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
@end example
+ at PkgIndex{cleveref}
+ at PkgIndex{hyperref}
+This example accomplishes the same by using the package @file{cleveref}.
+ at c from SE user Jake http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/10116/339
+ at example
+\usepackage@{cleveref@}[2012/02/15] % in preamble
+\crefformat@{footnote@}@{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3@}
+...
+The theorem is from Evers.\footnote@{\label@{fn:TE@}Tinker and Evers, 1994.@}
+The corollary is from Chance.\footnote@{Evers and Chance, 1990.@}
+But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref@{fn:TE@}
+ at end example
+
+It will work with the package @file{hyperref}.
+
+
@node \footnotetext
@section @code{\footnotetext}
@@ -7038,167 +7101,140 @@
\footnotetext[@var{number}]@{@var{text}@}
@end example
-Place @var{text} at the bottom of the page as a footnote. This command
-can come anywhere after the @code{\footnotemark} command. The optional
-argument @var{number} changes the displayed footnote number. The
- at code{\footnotetext} command must appear in outer paragraph mode.
+Place @var{text} at the bottom of the page as a footnote. It pairs with
+ at code{\footnotemark} (@pxref{\footnotemark}) and can come anywhere after
+that command, but must appear in outer paragraph mode (@pxref{Modes}).
+The optional argument @var{number} changes the number of the footnote
+mark.
+ at xref{\footnotemark} and at tie{}@ref{Footnotes in a table} for usage
+examples.
+
+ at node Footnotes in section headings
+ at section Footnotes in section headings
+
+ at cindex footnote, in section headings
+ at cindex table of contents, avoiding footnotes
+
+Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
+
+ at example
+\section@{Full sets\protect\footnote@{This material due to ...@}@}
+ at end example
+
+ at noindent
+causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
+section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
+contents, where it is not likely to be desired. The simplest way
+to have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
+argument to @code{\section}
+
+ at example
+\section[Please]@{Please\footnote@{Don't footnote in chapter and section headers!@}@}
+ at end example
+
+No @code{\protect} is needed in front of @code{\footnote} here because
+what gets moved to the table of contents is the optional argument.
+
+
@node Footnotes in a table
@section Footnotes in a table
- at cindex Footnotes, in a table
+ at cindex footnote, in a table
-Inside a @code{table} environment the @code{\footnote} command does not
-work. For instance, if the code below appears on its own then the
-footnote simply disappears; there is a footnote mark in the table cell
-but nothing is set at the bottom of the page.
+Inside a @code{tabular} or @code{array} environment the @code{\footnote}
+command does not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but
+the footnote text does not appear. The solution is to use a
+ at code{minipage} environment as here (@pxref{minipage}).
@example
\begin@{center@}
+ \begin@{minipage@}@{\textwidth@} \centering
\begin@{tabular@}@{l|l@}
- \textsc@{Ship@} &\textsc@{Book@} \\ \hline
- \textit@{HMS Sophie@} &Master and Commander \\
- \textit@{HMS Polychrest@} &Post Captain \\
- \textit@{HMS Lively@} &Post Captain \\
- \textit@{HMS Surprise@} &A number of books\footnote@{Starting with
- HMS Surprise.@}
+ \textsc@{Ship@} &\textsc@{Book@} \\ \hline
+ \textit@{HMS Sophie@} &Master and Commander \\
+ \textit@{HMS Polychrest@} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit@{HMS Lively@} &Post Captain \\
+ \textit@{HMS Surprise@} &A number of books\footnote@{%
+ Starting with HMS Surprise.@}
\end@{tabular@}
+ \end@{minipage@}
\end@{center@}
@end example
-The solution is to surround the @code{tabular} environment with a
- at code{minipage} environment, as here (@pxref{minipage}).
+Inside a @code{minipage}, footnote marks are lower-case letters. Change
+that with something like
+ at code{\renewcommand@{\thempfootnote@}@{\arabic@{mpfootnote@}@}}
+(@pxref{\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol}).
+The footnotes in the prior example appear at the bottom of the
+ at code{minipage}. To have them appear at the bottom of the main page, as
+part of the regular footnote sequence, use the @code{\footnotemark} and
+ at code{\footnotetext} pair and make a new counter.
+
@example
+\newcounter@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}
\begin@{center@}
- \begin@{minipage@}@{.5\textwidth@}
- ... tabular material ...
- \end@{minipage@}
+ \begin@{minipage@}@{\textwidth@}
+ \setcounter@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}@{\value@{footnote@}@} \centering
+ \begin@{tabular@}@{l|l@}
+ \textsc@{Woman@} &\textsc@{Relationship@} \\ \hline
+ Mona &Attached\footnotemark \\
+ Diana Villiers &Eventual wife \\
+ Christine Hatherleigh Wood &Fiance\footnotemark
+ \end@{tabular@}
+ \end@{minipage@}% percent sign keeps footnote text close to minipage
+ \stepcounter@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}\footnotetext[\value@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}]@{Little is known other than her death.@}%
+ \stepcounter@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}\footnotetext[\value@{mpFootnoteValueSaver@}]@{Relationship is unresolved in XXI.@}
\end@{center@}
@end example
-The same technique will work inside a floating @code{table} environment
-(@pxref{table}). To get the footnote at the bottom of the page use the
- at file{tablefootnote} package, as illustrated in this example. If you
-put @code{\usepackage@{tablefootnote@}} in the preamble and use the code
-shown then the footnote appears at the bottom and is numbered in
-sequence with other footnotes.
+For a floating @code{table} environment (@pxref{table}), use the
+ at file{tablefootnote} package.
@example
+\usepackage@{tablefootnote@} % in preamble
+ ...
\begin@{table@}
\centering
\begin@{tabular@}@{l|l@}
\textsc@{Date@} &\textsc@{Campaign@} \\ \hline
1862 &Fort Donelson \\
1863 &Vicksburg \\
- 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\footnote@{Ending the war.@}
+ 1865 &Army of Northern Virginia\tablefootnote@{%
+ Ending the war.@}
\end@{tabular@}
\caption@{Forces captured by US Grant@}
\end@{table@}
@end example
+The footnote appears at the page bottom and is numbered in sequence with
+other footnotes.
- at node Footnotes in section headings
- at section Footnotes in section headings
- at cindex footnotes, in section headings
- at cindex table of contents, avoiding footnotes
-Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
-
- at example
-\section@{Full sets\protect\footnote@{This material due to ...@}@}
- at end example
-
- at PkgIndex{footmisc}
- at cindex @code{stable} option to @code{footmisc} package
- at noindent
-causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
-section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
-contents, where it is not likely to be desired. To have it not appear
-on the table of contents use the package @file{footmisc} with the
- at code{stable} option.
-
- at example
-\usepackage[stable]@{footmisc@}
-...
-\begin@{document@}
-...
-\section@{Full sets\footnote@{This material due to ...@}@}
- at end example
-
-Note that the @code{\protect} is gone; including it would cause the
-footnote to reappear on the table of contents.
-
-
@node Footnotes of footnotes
@section Footnotes of footnotes
+ at cindex footnote, of a footnote
+
+ at PkgIndex{bigfoot}
Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of
footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package
@file{bigfoot} extends @LaTeX{}'s default footnote mechanism in many
ways, including allow these two, as in this example.
@example
-\usepackage@{bigfoot@}
+\usepackage@{bigfoot@} % in preamble
\DeclareNewFootnote@{Default@}
\DeclareNewFootnote@{from@}[alph] % create class \footnotefrom@{@}
...
-\begin@{document@}
-...
The third theorem is a partial converse of the
-second.\footnotefrom@{First noted in Wilson.\footnote@{Second edition only.@}@}
-...
+second.\footnotefrom@{%
+ First noted in Wilson.\footnote@{Second edition only.@}@}
@end example
- at node Multiple reference to footnotes
- at section Multiple references to footnotes
-
-You can refer to a single footnote more than once. This example
-uses the package @file{cleverref}.
-
- at c from SE user Jake http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/10116/339
- at example
-\usepackage@{cleveref@}[2012/02/15] % this version of package or later
-\crefformat@{footnote@}@{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3@}
-...
-\begin@{document@}
-...
-The theorem is from Evers.\footnote@{\label@{fn:TE@}Tinker and Evers, 1994.@}
-The corollary is from Chance.\footnote@{Evers and Chance, 1990.@}
-But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref@{fn:TE@}
-...
- at end example
-
-This solution will work with the package @file{hyperref}.
-See at tie{}@ref{\footnotemark} for a simpler solution in the common case
-of multiple authors with the same affiliation.
-
-
- at node Footnote parameters
- at section Footnote parameters
-
- at cindex footnote parameters
- at cindex parameters, for footnotes
-
- at ftable @code
- at item \footnoterule
-Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page's
-footnotes. Default dimensions: @code{0.4pt} thick (or wide), and
- at code{0.4\columnwidth} long in the standard document classes (except
- at code{slides}, where it does not appear).
-
- at item \footnotesep
-The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By
-default, this is set to the normal strut for @code{\footnotesize}
-fonts (@pxref{Font sizes}), therefore there is no extra space between
-footnotes. This is @samp{6.65pt} for @samp{10pt}, @samp{7.7pt} for
- at samp{11pt}, and @samp{8.4pt} for @samp{12pt}.
-
- at end ftable
-
-
@node Definitions
@chapter Definitions
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